Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II
Protein Kinases
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Cyclic AMP
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
Isoenzymes
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)
Phosphorylation
Enzyme Activation
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1
Benzylamines
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
Amino Acid Sequence
Cells, Cultured
Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP
Calmodulin
A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).
MAP Kinase Signaling System
An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.
eIF-2 Kinase
A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.
Protein Binding
Protein Kinase C-alpha
Pyruvate Kinase
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
Substrate Specificity
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits
Base Sequence
Binding Sites
Mutation
Blotting, Western
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.
Transfection
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
Protein Kinase C-delta
Cattle
Isoquinolines
Calcium-Binding Proteins
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Peptide T
N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine. Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It is potentially useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor.
Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
Guanylate Cyclase
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Serine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
Protamine Kinase
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
src-Family Kinases
A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.
Protein Kinase C-epsilon
A protein kinase C subtype that was originally characterized as a CALCIUM-independent, serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHORBOL ESTERS and DIACYLGLYCEROLS. It is targeted to specific cellular compartments in response to extracellular signals that activate G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS; and intracellular protein tyrosine kinase.
Protein Kinase C beta
PKC beta encodes two proteins (PKCB1 and PKCBII) generated by alternative splicing of C-terminal exons. It is widely distributed with wide-ranging roles in processes such as B-cell receptor regulation, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional regulation, insulin signaling, and endothelial cell proliferation.
Rabbits
Calcium Signaling
Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases
1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Cytosol
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Carrier Proteins
Myocardium
Creatine Kinase
A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.
Models, Biological
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Gene Expression Regulation
CDC2 Protein Kinase
Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Cell Membrane
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Colforsin
Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Cell Division
Casein Kinase II
Phosphatidylserines
Transcription, Genetic
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Membrane Proteins
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
Cloning, Molecular
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Rats, Wistar
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
Methylene Blue
A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
Catalytic Domain
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.
Interferon Type I
p21-Activated Kinases
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
MAP Kinase Kinase 1
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Magnesium
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
Nitroprusside
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Sirtuins
A homologous family of regulatory enzymes that are structurally related to the protein silent mating type information regulator 2 (Sir2) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sirtuins contain a central catalytic core region which binds NAD. Several of the sirtuins utilize NAD to deacetylate proteins such as HISTONES and are categorized as GROUP III HISTONE DEACETYLASES. Several other sirtuin members utilize NAD to transfer ADP-RIBOSE to proteins and are categorized as MONO ADP-RIBOSE TRANSFERASES, while a third group of sirtuins appears to have both deacetylase and ADP ribose transferase activities.
Plant Proteins
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases
A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases.
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate
A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.
Immunoblotting
Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
Sirtuin 1
Neurons
MAP Kinase Kinase 4
Indoles
Casein Kinases
A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.
Collagen Type I
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
DNA-Binding Proteins
Phorbol Esters
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
Atrial Natriuretic Factor
Staurosporine
Protein Transport
HeLa Cells
Fibroblasts
Transcription Factors
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Peptide Fragments
Arabidopsis Proteins
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Carbazoles
DNA-Activated Protein Kinase
Talin
Guanosine Monophosphate
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Nitric oxide regulation of gene transcription via soluble guanylate cyclase and type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase. (1/136)
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates the expression of multiple genes but in most cases its precise mechanism of action is unclear. We used baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, which have very low soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase) activity, and CS-54 arterial smooth muscle cells, which express these two enzymes, to study NO regulation of the human fos promoter. The NO-releasing agent Deta-NONOate (ethanamine-2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazone)bis-) had no effect on a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene under control of the fos promoter in BHK cells transfected with an empty vector or in cells transfected with a G-kinase Ibeta expression vector. In BHK cells transfected with expression vectors for guanylate cyclase, Deta-NONOate markedly increased the intracellular cGMP concentration and caused a small (2-fold) increase in CAT activity; the increased CAT activity appeared to be from cGMP activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In BHK cells co-transfected with guanylate cyclase and G-kinase expression vectors, CAT activity was increased 5-fold in the absence of Deta-NONOate and 7-fold in the presence of Deta-NONOate. Stimulation of CAT activity in the absence of Deta-NONOate appeared to be largely from endogenous NO since we found that: (i) BHK cells produced high amounts of NO; (ii) CAT activity was partially inhibited by a NO synthase inhibitor; and (iii) the inhibition by the NO synthase inhibitor was reversed by exogenous NO. In CS-54 cells, we found that NO increased fos promoter activity and that the increase was prevented by a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. In summary, we found that NO activates the fos promoter by a guanylate cyclase- and G-kinase-dependent mechanism. (+info)Regulation of myosin phosphatase by a specific interaction with cGMP- dependent protein kinase Ialpha. (2/136)
Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle are regulated by myosin light-chain kinase and myosin phosphatase through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of myosin light chains. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase Ialpha (cGKIalpha) mediates physiologic relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in response to nitric oxide and cGMP. It is shown here that cGKIalpha is targeted to the smooth muscle cell contractile apparatus by a leucine zipper interaction with the myosin-binding subunit (MBS) of myosin phosphatase. Uncoupling of the cGKIalpha-MBS interaction prevents cGMP-dependent dephosphorylation of myosin light chain, demonstrating that this interaction is essential to the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell tone. (+info)Nitric oxide and cGMP regulate gene expression in neuronal and glial cells by activating type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase. (3/136)
Nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP have been implicated in many neuronal functions, including regulation of gene expression, but little is known about the downstream targets of NO/cGMP in the nervous system. We found that type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase), which is widely expressed in the brain, mediated NO- and cGMP-induced activation of the fos promoter in cells of neuronal and glial origin; the enzyme was ineffective in regulating gene expression in fibroblast-like cells. The effect of G-kinase II on gene expression did not require calcium uptake but was synergistically enhanced by calcium. G-kinase II was membrane associated and did not translocate to the nucleus; however, a soluble G-kinase II mutant translocated to the nucleus and regulated gene expression in fibroblast-like cells. Soluble G-kinase I also regulates fos promoter activity, but membrane targeting of G-kinase I prevented the enzyme from translocating to the nucleus and regulating transcription in multiple cell types, including glioma cells; this suggests that cell type-specific factor(s) that mediate the transcriptional effects of extranuclear G-kinase II are not regulated by G-kinase I. Our results suggest that G-kinase I and II control gene expression by different mechanisms and that NO effects on neuronal plasticity may involve G-kinase II regulation of gene expression.-Gudi, T., Hong, G. K.-P., Vaandrager, A. B., Lohmann, S. M., Pilz, R. B. Nitric oxide and cGMP regulate gene expression in neuronal and glial cells by activating type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase. (+info)Identification of a conserved residue responsible for the autoinhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha and beta. (4/136)
We isolated a constitutively active form of cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha (cGK Ialpha) by PCR-driven random mutagenesis. The replacement of Ile-63 by Thr in the autoinhibitory domain results in the enhancement of autophosphorylation and the basal kinase activity in the absence of cGMP. The hydrophobicity at position 63 is essential for the inactive state of cGK Ialpha, and Ile-78 of cGK Ibeta is also required for the autoinhibitory property. Furthermore, cGK Ialpha (Ile-63-Thr) is constitutively active in vivo. These findings suggest that a conserved residue in the autoinhibitory domain was involved in the autoinhibition of both cGK Is. (+info)Binding and phosphorylation of a novel male germ cell-specific cGMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein by cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha. (5/136)
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) is a major cellular receptor of cGMP and plays important roles in cGMP-dependent signal transduction pathways. To isolate the components of the cGMP/cGK signaling pathway such as substrates and regulatory proteins of cGK, we employed the yeast two-hybrid system using cGK-Ialpha as a bait and isolated a novel male germ cell-specific 42-kDa protein, GKAP42 (42-kDa cGMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein). Although the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-66) of cGK-Ialpha is sufficient for the association with GKAP42, GKAP42 could not interact with cGK-Ibeta, cGK-II, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase. GKAP42 mRNA is specifically expressed in testis, where it is restricted to the spermatocytes and early round spermatids. Endogenous cGK-I is co-immunoprecipitated with anti-GKAP42 antibody from mouse testis tissue, suggesting that cGK-I physiologically interacts with GKAP42. Immunocytochemical observations revealed that GKAP42 is localized to the Golgi complex and that cGK-Ialpha is co-localized to the Golgi complex when coexpressed with GKAP42. Although both cGK-Ialpha and -Ibeta, but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase, phosphorylated GKAP42 in vitro, GKAP42 was a good substrate only for cGK-Ialpha in intact cells, suggesting that the association with kinase protein is required for the phosphorylation in vivo. Finally, we demonstrated that the kinase-deficient mutant of cGK-Ialpha stably associates with GKAP42 and that binding of cGMP to cGK-Ialpha facilitates their release from GKAP42. These findings suggest that GKAP42 functions as an anchoring protein for cGK-Ialpha and that cGK-Ialpha may participate in germ cell development through phosphorylation of Golgi-associated proteins such as GKAP42. (+info)Cysteine-rich protein 2, a novel substrate for cGMP kinase I in enteric neurons and intestinal smooth muscle. (6/136)
Nitric oxide/cGMP/cGMP kinase I (cGKI) signaling causes relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle. In the gastrointestinal tract substrates of cGKI have not been identified yet. In the present study a protein interacting with cGKIbeta has been isolated from a rat intestinal cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid system. The protein was identified as cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP2), recently cloned from rat brain (Okano, I., Yamamoto, T., Kaji, A., Kimura, T., Mizuno, K., and Nakamura, T. (1993) FEBS Lett. 333, 51-55). Recombinant CRP2 is specifically phosphorylated by cGKs but not by cAMP kinase in vitro. Co-transfection of CRP2 and cGKIbeta into COS cells confirmed the phosphorylation of CRP2 in vivo. Cyclic GMP kinase I phosphorylated CRP2 at Ser-104, because the mutation to Ala completely prevented the in vivo phosphorylation. Immunohistochemical analysis using confocal laser scan microscopy showed a co-localization of CRP2 and cGKI in the inner part of the circular muscle layer, in the muscularis mucosae, and in specific neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexus. The co-localization together with the specific phosphorylation of CRP2 by cGKI in vitro and in vivo suggests that CRP2 is a novel substrate of cGKI in neurons and smooth muscle of the small intestine. (+info)Activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ibeta inhibits interleukin 2 release and proliferation of T cell receptor-stimulated human peripheral T cells. (7/136)
Several major functions of type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK I) have been established in smooth muscle cells, platelets, endothelial cells, and cardiac myocytes. Here we demonstrate that cGK Ibeta is endogenously expressed in freshly purified human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and inhibits their proliferation and interleukin 2 release. Incubation of human T cells with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, or the membrane-permeant cGMP analogs PET-cGMP and 8-pCPT-cGMP, activated cGK I and produced (i) a distinct pattern of phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, (ii) stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38 kinase, and, upon anti-CD3 stimulation, (iii) inhibition of interleukin 2 release and (iv) inhibition of cell proliferation. cGK I was lost during in vitro culturing of primary T cells and was not detectable in transformed T cell lines. The proliferation of these cGK I-deficient cells was not inhibited by even high cGMP concentrations indicating that cGK I, but not cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases or channels, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or other potential cGMP mediators, was responsible for inhibition of T cell proliferation. Consistent with this, overexpression of cGK Ibeta, but not an inactive cGK Ibeta mutant, restored cGMP-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation of Jurkat cells. Thus, the NO/cGMP/cGK signaling system is a negative regulator of T cell activation and proliferation and of potential significance for counteracting inflammatory or lymphoproliferative processes. (+info)Gene transfer of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I enhances the antihypertrophic effects of nitric oxide in cardiomyocytes. (8/136)
NO acting through soluble guanylyl cyclase and cGMP formation is a negative regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Downstream targets mediating the inhibitory effects of NO/cGMP on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy have not been elucidated. In addition to its antihypertrophic effects, NO promotes apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, presumably through cGMP-independent pathways. We investigated the role of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) in the antihypertrophic and proapoptotic effects of NO. Incubation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) (250 micromol/L) or the PKG-selective cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP (500 micromol/L) activated endogenous PKG type I, as shown by the site-specific phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, a well-characterized PKG substrate. SNAP (250 micromol/L) and 8-pCPT-cGMP (500 micromol/L) modestly attenuated the hypertrophic response to alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine. Although a high concentration of SNAP (1000 micromol/L) promoted apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the formation of histone-associated DNA fragments, antihypertrophic concentrations of SNAP (250 micromol/L) and 8-pCPT-cGMP (500 micromol/L) did not promote cell death. Because chronic activation downregulated endogenous PKG I, we explored whether gene transfer of PKG I would enhance the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to the antihypertrophic effects of NO/cGMP. Indeed, after adenoviral overexpression of PKG Ibeta, SNAP (250 micromol/L) and 8-pCPT-cGMP (500 micromol/L) completely suppressed the hypertrophic response to alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulation. As observed in noninfected cells, SNAP (250 micromol/L) and 8-pCPT-cGMP (500 micromol/L) did not promote apoptosis in cardiomyocytes overexpressing PKG Ibeta. Moreover, overexpression of PKG Ibeta did not enhance the proapoptotic effects of 1000 micromol/L SNAP, implying PKG-independent effects of NO on apoptosis. Endogenous PKG I mediates antihypertrophic but not proapoptotic effects of NO in a cell culture model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Adenoviral gene transfer of PKG I selectively enhances the antihypertrophic effects of NO without increasing the susceptibility to apoptosis. (+info)Pfam: PRKG1 interact
cGKI抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-cGKI抗体(ab69532)
Casein Kinase Ialpha
Summary Report | CureHunter
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Locally Counteracts the Deleterious Effects of Cardiomyocyte Mineralcorticoid Receptor Activation |...
The Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Is Regulated by Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase During Neutrophil Spreading | The...
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases and the Cardiovascular System | Circulation Research
An anti-tumor role for cGMP-dependent protein kinase<...
Pharmaceuticals | Free Full-Text | cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Health and Disease | Notes
From these observations we postulate that CaP particles can both bind to the VSMC plasma membrane surface and enter VSMCs via...
Identification of cGMP-Dependent protein kinase anchoring proteins (GKAPs)<...
Decreased cardiac concentration of cGMP kinase in hypertensive animals. An index for cardiac vascularization? | Circulation...
Results for cd05572
The role of a parasite-specific D-site in activation of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase | BMC Pharmacology...
Protein Kinase, CGMP-Dependent, Type I (PRKG1) ELISA Kits
PRKG2 Gene - GeneCards | KGP2 Protein | KGP2 Antibody
Mutation in the PRKG1 Gene Causes & Reasons - Symptoma
Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic GMP - Dependent protein kinase<...
Protein kinase G type-I phosphorylates c-Src at serine-17 and promotes cell survival, proliferation and attachment in human...
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit
WikiGenes - LOC719021 - cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha...
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cGMP-Dependent Activation of Protein Kinase G Precludes Disulfide Activation | Hypertension
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PRKG2 knockout cell line
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Cyclic GMP Kinase I Modulates Glucagon Release From Pancreatic α-Cells | Diabetes
AID 630202 - Inhibition of retinal rod CNGA1/CNGB1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as blockade of cGMP-induced...
Daily Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1870), 1877-07-10 :: The Ohio State Journal
Plasma Membrane Association by N-Acylation Governs PKG Function in Toxoplasma gondii | mBio
Maintaining Smooth Muscle Tone | Science Signaling
PMAP: SubstrateDB : Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/tau protein kinase I
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cGMP-Dependent Activation of Protein Kinase G Precludes Disulfide ActivationNovelty and Significance | Hypertension
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High Glucose Inhibits the Aspirin-Induced Activation of the Nitric Oxide/cGMP/cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Pathway and Does...
TPK3 - cAMP-dependent protein kinase type 3 - Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Bakers yeast) - TPK3 gene...
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Regulator of G protein signaling 2 mediates cardiac compensation to pressure overload and antihypertrophic effects of...
Triiodothyronine Reduces Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Hypertension by Attenuating Protein Kinase G/Vasodilator...
PRKG1
"Localization of the human gene for the type I cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase to chromosome 10". Cytogenetics and Cell ... of a novel male germ cell-specific cGMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein by cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha". ... 5-trisphosphate receptor by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (12): 8701-7. doi: ... "Characterization of the human gene encoding the type I alpha and type I beta cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKG1)". Genomics. ...
ITPR1
5-trisphosphate receptor by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (12): 8701-7. doi: ... "Carbonic anhydrase-related protein is a novel binding protein for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1". The ... Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITPR1 gene. ITPR1 has been shown to ... Joseph SK, Lin C, Pierson S, Thomas AP, Maranto AR (Oct 1995). "Heteroligomers of type-I and type-III inositol trisphosphate ...
CGMP-dependent protein kinase
EC 2.7.11.12 Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases and the Cardiovascular System cGMP-Dependent+Protein+Kinases at the US ... Two PKG genes, coding for PKG type I (PKG-I) and type II (PKG-II), have been identified in mammals. The N-terminus of PKG-I is ... cGMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase G (PKG) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is activated by cGMP ... "A crystal structure of the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I{beta} dimerization/docking domain reveals molecular details of ...
Nicorandil
Vrolix, M; Raeymaekers, L; Wuytack, F; Hofmann, F; Casteels, R (Nov 1, 1988). "Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates ... L-type calcium channel expression increases in spastic vascular smooth muscle cells, which could result in excessive calcium ... "Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway inhibits RhoA-induced Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in vascular ... Nicorandil stimulates guanylate cyclase to increase formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP). cGMP activates protein kinase G (PKG), ...
Haemodynamic response
... inducing a signaling cascade that results in the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and an ultimate decrease in ... In addition to this, it has already been shown that NO stimulates increased cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels in the smooth muscle cells ... Various cell types play a role in HR, including astrocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells of blood vessels, and ... When these proteins are active, they turn on SREBP2 which inhibits LRP-1. LRP-1 helps the brain remove amyloid beta. Therefore ...
Sildenafil
The molecular mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation involves the enzyme CGMP-dependent protein kinase, also known as PKG. This ... June 1996). "Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile ... Francis SH, Busch JL, Corbin JD, Sibley D (September 2010). "cGMP-dependent protein kinases and cGMP phosphodiesterases in ... Sildenafil protects cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from degradation by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in ...
Thromboregulation
In vivo phosphorylation of thromboxane by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... phosphorylate messengers via protein kinase A (PKA). These signaling elements include thromboxane A2, receptor type α, ... Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates cGMP production and therefore the activation cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G kinase). This kinase ... Siess, Wolfgang; Eduardo, Lapetina (1990). "Functional relationship between cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation and ...
Biological functions of hydrogen sulfide
"Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype". Journal of Vascular Research. 34 (4): 245 ... Hydrogen sulfide is also involved in the disease process of type 1 diabetes. The beta cells of the pancreas in type 1 diabetes ... Lincoln, T. M.; Cornwell, Taylor (March 1990). "cGMP-dependent protein kinase mediates the reduction of Ca2+ by cAMP in ... increased cGMP triggers an increase in protein kinase G (PKG) activity. PKG reduces intracellular Ca2+ in vascular smooth ...
Gasotransmitter
... which is a heterodimeric enzyme with subsequent formation of cyclic-GMP. Cyclic-GMP activates protein kinase G, which causes ... "Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide are mutually dependent in the regulation of angiogenesis and endothelium-dependent ... It is a known bioproduct in almost all types of organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants, fungi, and animal cells. NO is ... mitogen-activated protein kinase, PPAR gamma, HIF1A, NRF2, ion channels, cystathionine beta synthase, and numerous other ...
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel
CNG channel activity is controlled by the interaction between cGMP-dependent protein kinase and G1 protein because of cGMP's ... "Induction by cyclic GMP of cationic conductance in plasma membrane of retinal rod outer segment". Nature. 313 (6000): 310-3. ... However, a receptor-type GC in mammalian sperm has yet to be identified. Mouse sperm express other channels such as CatSper1. ... Cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha-subunits include Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel ...
Amrinone
... which contributes to the contraction of myocytes by phosphorylation through cAMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+ ... and cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels fall in vascular smooth muscle. This impairs relaxation in the vasculature and is a part of the ... this kinase improves the Ca2+ inward current through the L-type Ca2+ channels, which leads to calcium-induced calcium release ... a special type of smooth ER) and decreasing the calcium available for contraction. In myocytes, the increase of cAMP ...
Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
Cyclic GMP binds to the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG1) which phosphorylates several proteins that results in decreased ... "Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor use in type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality". Heart. 102 ( ... cGMP binding proteins and protein kinase G (PKG). The effect on PKG reduces levels of calcium leading to relaxation of smooth ... Their function is to degrade intracellular second messengers such as cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.644)
... cyclic gmp-dependent protein kinases MeSH D12.644.360.200.575 - protamine kinase MeSH D12.644.360.250 - cyclin-dependent ... c-type MeSH D12.644.548.587 - pancreatic polypeptide MeSH D12.644.548.588 - parathyroid hormone-related protein MeSH D12.644. ... map kinase kinase kinase 1 MeSH D12.644.360.400.200 - map kinase kinase kinase 2 MeSH D12.644.360.400.300 - map kinase kinase ... cyclic nucleotide-regulated protein kinases MeSH D12.644.360.200.125 - cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases MeSH D12.644. ...
Alveolar macrophage
... through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. NO prolongs the ability of human dendritic cells to internalize antigens at sites of ... protein kinase A (PKA) and the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac-1 and -2). Epac-1 and PKA are both important ... The alveolar macrophage is the third cell type in the alveolus, the others are the type I and type II pneumocytes. Alveolar ... The lungs are especially sensitive and prone to damage, thus to avoid collateral damage to type 1 and type II pneumocytes, ...
Tyrosine hydroxylase
"Direct phosphorylation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: mechanism of enzyme activation". ... Roskoski R, Roskoski LM (Jan 1987). "Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in PC12 cells by the cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP second ... Tyrosine hydroxylase is also an autoantigen in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome (APS) type I. A consistent abnormality in ... that are phosphorylated by a variety of protein kinases. Ser40 is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Ser19 ( ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... beta-adrenergic-receptor kinase MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.150 - cyclic gmp-dependent protein kinases MeSH D08.811. ... bone morphogenetic protein receptors, type ii MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125 - ca(2+)-calmodulin dependent protein kinase ... cyclic nucleotide-regulated protein kinases MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125 - cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases ... map kinase kinase kinase 1 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.200 - map kinase kinase kinase 2 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682. ...
Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes
CEF scientists showed that GABARAP proteins are not only involved in autophagy but also in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation ... or for the manipulation of cyclic GMP. Several CEF groups joined forces not only to unravel the photocycle of ChR2 at different ... "The leukemogenic AF4-MLL fusion protein causes P-TEFb kinase activation and altered epigenetic signatures". Leukemia. 25 (1): ... CEF scientists also revealed the molecular mechanism of a novel type of phosphoribosyl-linked serine ubiquitination by the ...
CGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway
Upon binding DNA, the protein cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) triggers reaction of GTP and ATP to form cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). ... Ishikawa H, Ma Z, Barber GN (October 2009). "STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate ... STING is also thought to activate the NF-κB transcription factor through the activity of the IκB kinase (IKK), though the ... Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and the first to be found in metazoans. Other CDNs (c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP ...
Pulmonary hypertension
This in turn leads to increased cAMP-dependent protein kinase or PKA (protein kinase A) activity, ultimately promoting ... Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in cell signaling and drug development". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2003-11. ... Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is abundant in the pulmonary tissue, hydrolyzes the cyclic bond of cGMP. Consequently, ... The cGMP then activates cGMP-dependent kinase or PKG (protein kinase G). Activated PKG promotes vasorelaxation (via a reduction ...
List of EC numbers (EC 3)
... cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase EC 3.1.4.36: Now with EC 3.1.4.43 EC 3.1.4.37: 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase EC 3.1 ... ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.20: acyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.21: dodecanoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) ... type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease EC 3.1.21.4: type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease EC 3.1.21.5: type III site-specific ... protein-tyrosine-phosphatase EC 3.1.3.49: [pyruvate kinase]-phosphatase EC 3.1.3.50: sorbitol-6-phosphatase EC 3.1.3.51: ...
RNA splicing
Yeast tRNA kinase then phosphorylates the 5'-hydroxyl group using adenosine triphosphate. Yeast tRNA cyclic phosphodiesterase ... can manifest as a deletion or truncation in the final protein. Splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a large RNA-protein ... This type of splicing is termed canonical splicing or termed the lariat pathway, which accounts for more than 99% of splicing. ... NAD-dependent 2'-phosphotransferase then removes the 2'-phosphate group. Splicing occurs in all the kingdoms or domains of life ...
Biological functions of nitric oxide
Cyclic-GMP activates protein kinase G, which causes reuptake of Ca2+ and the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. ... The neuronal enzyme (NOS-1) and the endothelial isoform (NOS-3) are calcium-dependent and produce low levels of this gas as a ... "Threshold Effects of Nitric Oxide-Induced Toxicity and Cellular Responses in Wild-Type and p53-Null Human Lymphoblastoid Cells ... Hemoglobin is a prominent example of a heme protein that may be modified by NO by both direct attack by NO and, independently, ...
Netrin
"Cyclic AMP/GMP-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channels sets the polarity of nerve growth-cone turning". Nature. 423 (6943): 990-5 ... Overall, these studies show that regulating effects of netrin is dependent on the type of vascular tissue. Recently, netrin has ... DCC and UNC-5 proteins mediate netrin-1 responses. The UNC-5 protein is mainly involved in signaling repulsion. DCC, which is ... In the first pathway, the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is bound to DCC and both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation upon netrin-1 ...
Rod cell
This structural change causes an increased affinity for the regulatory protein called transducin (a type of G protein). Upon ... Second, it serves as an adaptor protein to aid the receptor to the clathrin-dependent endocytosis machinery (to induce receptor ... As rhodopsin is phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase (a member of the GPCR kinases(GRKs)), it binds with high affinity to the ... GMP. Reduction in cGMP allows the ion channels to close, preventing the influx of positive ions, hyperpolarizing the cell, and ...
Sperm guidance
Cyclic GMP possibly opens cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) K+-selective channels, thereby causing hyperpolarization of the ... cAMP and protein kinase A as well as soluble guanylyl cyclase, cGMP, inositol trisphosphate receptor and store-operated Ca2+ ... This gradient-dependent sperm accumulation was observed over a wide temperature range (29-41 °C). Since temperature affects ... They include the chemokine CCL20, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), specific odorants, natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC), and ...
Biochemical cascade
Then, it converts adenosine triphosphate into cyclic AMP, which activates Protein kinase A. PKA leads to protein tyrosine ... "Cyclic GMP signaling is involved in the luteinizing hormone-dependent meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes". Biology of ... Therefore, there are four main transmembrane receptor types: G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), tyrosine kinase receptors ( ... These proteins activate protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that phosphorylates various proteins important for capacitation and ...
Melanopsin mediates light-dependent relaxation in blood vessels
Cyclic GMP / metabolism * Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6 / metabolism * G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / ... and phosphodiesterase 6-dependent but protein kinase G-independent. β-Adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (βARK 1 or GRK2) mediates ... Melanopsin mediates light-dependent relaxation in blood vessels Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 16;111(50):17977-82. doi: ... Using PCR, we demonstrate that Opn4 (a classic G protein-coupled receptor) is expressed in blood vessels. Force-tension ...
Impact of a Lupus-Associated PRKG1 Variant on Type I Interferons and Immune Dysregulation - Lupus Research
PRKG1 codes for the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKGI). Activation of PKGI leads to the inhibition of RhoA and Rho- ... Impact of a Lupus-Associated PRKG1 Variant on Type I Interferons and Immune Dysregulation. * Email Sign Up ... Impact of a Lupus-Associated PRKG1 Variant on Type I Interferons and Immune Dysregulation. General Audience Summary: ... Two additional immune T cell types called Th17 and regulatory T cells are of interest to Dr. Fernandez Ruiz as well due to ...
8-Br-cGMP BIOLOG Life Science Institute
... type II and cGMP-gated ion channels (cyclic GMP agonist). Increased met ... Activator of cGMP-dependent protein kinases I α, I β & ... "Cyclic GMP/Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase System Prevents ... "Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways by Cyclic GMP and Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in Contractile ... Chem., 274, 8391 - 8404 (1999), "Cyclic AMP- and Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Differ in Their Regulation of Cyclic AMP ...
DeCS
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type II Synonymes. Protéine kinase GMPc-dépendante 2 Protéine kinase GMPc-dépendante II ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II Descripteur en espagnol: Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II ... Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type II - Concept préféré Concept UI. M0570525. ... Protéine kinase-2 dépendante du GMPc cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 cGMP-dependent protein kinase II ...
S-EPMC6129132 - Marked disparity of microRNA modulation by cGMP-selective PDE5 versus PDE9 inhibitors in heart disease. -...
... to activate protein kinase G, with PDE5-I regulating nitric oxide (NO) and PDE9-I natriuretic peptide-dependent signaling. ... Here we contrast 2 closely related therapies, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 or type 9 (PDE5-I, PDE9-I), given to mice ... subjected to sustained cardiac pressure overload (PO). Both inhibitors augment cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) ... posttranscriptionally regulate mRNA and its translation into protein, and are considered master controllers of genes modulating ...
Dexamethasone stimulates expression of C-type Natriuretic Peptide in chondrocytes | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text
... encoding cGMP-dependent protein kinase II) and Npr3 (natriuretic peptide decoy receptor) genes. Conversely, DEX was found to ... In contrast, recent studies have shown that C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) is an important anabolic regulator of cartilage ... Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase II plays a critical role in C-type natriuretic peptide-mediated endochondral ossification. ... encoding cGMP-dependent protein kinase I, A) and Prkg2 (encoding cGMP-dependent protein kinase II, B) mRNA levels were ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
C-type natriuretic peptide prevents activation of perivascular mast cells and inflammation in the postischemic microvasculature...
Cyclic GMP via cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) was shown to inhibit mast cell (MC) degranulation [1]. During ... Regulation of leukocyte degranulation by cGMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase: potential roles in ... Both peptides activate cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation by binding to their specific receptors: the particulate guanylyl cyclases A ... Inhibition of Microcirculatory Endothelial Ca2+ and Permeability Response to Histamine Involves cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase I ...
Pesquisa | Prevenção e Controle de Câncer
It is not understood, however, whether DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), the kinase critical for repairing the majority of ... combining radiation with DNA-PK inhibition increases cytosolic double-stranded DNA and tumoral T1IFN signaling in a cyclic GMP- ... Recently, we characterized the role of the STING/type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway in maintaining immunogenicity of HNSCC in ... UAE1 inhibition mediates the unfolded protein response, DNA damage and caspase-dependent cell death in pancreatic cancer. ...
Литература Aalkjaer C, Mulvany mj, Nyborg nc. Atrial natriuretic factor causes specific relaxation of rat renal arcuate arteries
Deschatrettes E, Jouvert P, Zwiller J. Overexpression of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase reduces MeCP2 and HDAC2 expression ... C-type natriuretic peptide inhibiting vascular calcification might involve decreasing bone morphogenic protein 2 and ... CNP, but not ANP or BNP, relax human isolated subcutaneous resistance arteries by an action involving cyclic GMP and BKCa ... C-type natriuretic peptide: the endothelial component of the natriuretic peptide system. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998;32:Suppl ...
cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase of cAMP (PDE3) and protein kinase a (PKA) play an important role in eliciting the positive...
Cyclic GMP can directly stimulate If but it is ∼10-fold less potent than the physiological If-gating nucleotide, cAMP. In ... Aim: To elucidate the role of PDE3, PKA and PKG in mediating the NO-If-dependent increase in HR. Methods and Results: In ... the present findings provide an important link between the activation of GC with NO donors and the NO-dependent mobilization of ... ventricular myocytes, NO can increase cAMP levels through a cGMP-dependent inhibition of PDE3. ...
Resveratrol at Anti-angiogenesis/Anticancer Concentrations Suppresses Protein Kinase G Signaling and Decreases IAPs Expression...
... it has not been reported whether resveratrol has effects on cyclic-GMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase G, PKG), a ... Cyclic GMP/protein kinase G type-Ialpha (PKG-Ialpha) signaling pathway promotes CREB phosphorylation and maintains higher c- ... Involvement of cyclic GMP and protein kinase G in the regulation of apoptosis and survival in neural cells. Neurosignals 11: ... Protein kinase G type Ialpha activity in human ovarian cancer cells significantly contributes to enhanced Src activation and ...
DeCS 2013 - New terms
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ...
DeCS 2013 - New terms
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ...
DeCS 2013 - New terms
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ...
DeCS 2013 - New terms
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ...
DeCS 2013 - New terms
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ...
DeCS 2013 - New terms
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo I. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ... Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Proteína Quinase Dependente de GMP Cíclico Tipo II. Proteína Quinasa Dependiente ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
DeCS 2008 - Changed terms
Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase. Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Cholesterol Esterase. Sterol Esterase ... Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ... SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6. Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH). ... Unpublished Works [Publication Type]. Unpublished Works. V03 - Study Characteristics. Case Reports [Publication Type]. Case ...
Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Cancer Effects by Targeting the Protein Kinase G Type-Iα (PKG-Iα) Signaling Pathway and its Downstream...
Fiscus RR, Rapoport RM, Waldman SA, Murad F. Atriopeptin II elevates cyclic GMP, activates cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase ... Endothelium-dependent and nitrovasodilator-induced activation of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in rat aorta. J Cyclic ... Cyclic GMP/protein kinase G type-Iα (PKG-Iα) signaling pathway promotes CREB phosphorylation and maintains higher c-IAP1, livin ... cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G type-1α (PKG-Iα) signaling pathway. Originally, the NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway was ...
Endothelial cell protein kinase G inhibits release of EDHF through a PKG-sensitive cation channel. - Oxford Cardiovascular...
... and it also causes endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated small mesenteric arteries. KT-5823-induced relaxations in ... The activity of the channel is increased by KT-5823, a highly selective inhibitor of protein kinase G (PKG), while it is ... Acetylcholine, Alkaloids, Animals, Biological Factors, Calcium, Carbazoles, Cations, Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, ... Type. Journal article. Journal. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. Publication Date. 03/2001 ...
Sulfide regulation of cardiovascular function in health and disease | Nature Reviews Cardiology
... also known as cGMP-dependent protein kinase) vascular relaxation signalling pathway113 or via K+ATP, L-type Ca2+ and other ion ... GMP124. Other studies have also demonstrated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in response to H2S donors via a NO-cGMP- ... cyclic phosphodiesterase (PDE5; also known as phosphodiesterase type 5)113. H2S can increase sGC levels via sulfhydration of ... Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a ubiquitous and abundant serine-threonine kinase, has emerged as an ...
cGMP kinase I, cardiac hypertrophy and PDE inhibition | BMC Pharmacology | Full Text
Cardiac hypertrophyis not amplified by deletion of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I in cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. ... Chronic inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase 5A prevents and reverses cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Med. 2005, 11: 214-222. ... It is also unclear if Sil effects are mediated by other cardiac cell types, in particular by cardiofibroblast. ... Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and its downstream effector cGMP kinase I (cGKI) have been suggested to be an important ...
Der kleine nils viagra
Cyclic gmp-dependent protein kinase pathway underlying smooth muscle, depression.. *is lexapro the strongest antidepressent ... Samples, mohamed o. Life pharmacy near you have regular usage of phosphodiesterase type of our doctor. Sudden visual ... Cyclic gmp, high-yield videos and reports prepared to speak with flashcards need of all drugs purchased as citrate is? Begin to ...
Receptor KinaseGuanosine monophosphatePhosphorylationInhibitionReceptorsNucleotide PhosphodiesterasesPathwaySignalingPeptidesNatriuretic peptideInhibitorCGMP-dependentRegulationShown to inhibitIntracellularEndotheliumActivationSerineActivateCGKICell-survival proteinsDownstreamMonophosphateHistidineCatalyticMass spectrometryActivatesCardiacSecretionGenesEndogenousStimulatePhosphodiesterase typeAmino acid sequencesTyrosinePutativePathwaysSurvivinInhibitoryNitric oxide-dependentInterferonSensorPolymeraseMetabolicCellsPhysiologicalSerotonin transporterLigandUptakeSignalRegulatorsAntibodyInteractionMeSHInvolves
Receptor Kinase1
- β-Adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (βARK 1 or GRK2) mediates desensitization of photorelaxation, which is greatly reduced by GRK2 inhibitors. (nih.gov)
Guanosine monophosphate3
- Both inhibitors augment cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to activate protein kinase G, with PDE5-I regulating nitric oxide (NO) and PDE9-I natriuretic peptide-dependent signaling. (omicsdi.org)
- Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and its downstream effector cGMP kinase I (cGKI) have been suggested to be an important anti-hypertrophic signalling pathway (1). (biomedcentral.com)
- Natriuretic peptides, their receptors, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent signaling functions. (cocites.com)
Phosphorylation12
- Recently, we showed that within the NO-induced cGMP response in human platelets, activation and phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) occurred. (omicsdi.org)
- Here, we identify cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I as the kinase responsible for the NO-induced PDE5 phosphorylation. (omicsdi.org)
- Nanamori M, Chen J, Du X, Ye RD: Regulation of leukocyte degranulation by cGMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase: potential roles in phosphorylation of target membrane SNARE complex proteins in rat mast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Inhibition of PDE2 acted by diminishing the Ca 2+ dependent reduction of mitochondrial cAMP, thereby promoting NCLX phosphorylation. (biorxiv.org)
- Phosphorylation of the receptor by an unknown serine/threonine kinase is required before ligand binding can activate the cyclase. (elsevier.com)
- Phosphorylation of proteins is an essential signalling mechanism in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (researchgate.net)
- 2007). It has been suggested that although PKG is involved in the stimulation of SERT at Thr-276, it does not directly phosphorylate the residue, rather it initiates a kinase cascade that leads to SERT phosphorylation by an as yet unidentified protein kinase (Wong et al. (phosphosolutions.com)
- Protein phosphorylation is one of the most routinely studied post-translational modifications and is involved in a variety of cellular signaling processes. (researchsquare.com)
- This was most recently demonstrated by Lee et al who showed differences in protein kinase G (PKG) induced phosphoproteomic signatures depending on the upstream activating cascade.1 Here we identified unique sets of PKG-mediated phosphorylation targets, stimulated by phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5A or 9A inhibition. (researchsquare.com)
- Protein phosphorylation plays a role in a variety of cellular processes such as gene expression, metabolism, signal transduction, apoptosis, and cellular growth, division, and differentiation3-5. (researchsquare.com)
- The levels of phosphorylation of any particular protein are under the strict control of protein kinases and phosphatases6 and dysregulation of these symbiotic systems has been linked to pathological diseases such as cancer7-9 and cardiovascular disease,1,10-13 as well as others. (researchsquare.com)
- This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
Inhibition7
- Activation of PKGI leads to the inhibition of RhoA and Rho-associated kinases (ROCK). (lupusresearch.org)
- Chen W, Oberwinkler H, Werner F, Gassner B, Nakagawa H, Feil R, et al: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-Mediated Inhibition of Microcirculatory Endothelial Ca2+ and Permeability Response to Histamine Involves cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase I and TRPC6 Channels. (biomedcentral.com)
- We show that combining radiation with DNA-PK inhibition increases cytosolic double-stranded DNA and tumoral T1IFN signaling in a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-independent, but an RNA polymerase III (POL III), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
- In ventricular myocytes, NO can increase cAMP levels through a cGMP-dependent inhibition of PDE3. (ox.ac.uk)
- We found that protection of neurons against excitotoxic insults, conferred by PDE2 inhibition, was diminished in NCLX KO neurons, thus is NCLX dependent. (biorxiv.org)
- mTOR inhibition by rapamycin partially reduces arginine-induced protein synthesis. (genomeitall.com)
- In contrast, inhibition of type 2 angiotensin (AT 2 ) receptors did not block the stimulatory effect of ANG II. (mssm.edu)
Receptors7
- Both peptides activate cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation by binding to their specific receptors: the particulate guanylyl cyclases A (GC-A) and B (GC-B). Cyclic GMP via cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) was shown to inhibit mast cell (MC) degranulation [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since PKA is known to stimulate SR Ca2+ release by phosphorylating ryanodine receptors, the present findings provide an important link between the activation of GC with NO donors and the NO-dependent mobilization of SR Ca2+ in SA node which we reported previously. (ox.ac.uk)
- Natriuretic peptide binding to type I receptors (NPRA and NPRB) activates their intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activity, resulting in a rapid increase in cytosolic cGMP that subsequently activates PKG. (elsevier.com)
- Neonatal exposure to a Type-I pyrethroid (bioallethrin) induces dose-response changes in brain muscarinic receptors and behaviour in neonatal and adult mice. (cdc.gov)
- [ 40 , 47 ] Two recent studies identified STING and the cytoplasmic helicase DDX41 as host cell receptors for c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP. (medscape.com)
- This effect of ANG II was completely abolished by losartan, which is an antagonist of type 1 angiotensin (AT 1 ) receptors. (mssm.edu)
- We conclude that ANG II increases basolateral K-channel activity via the stimulation of AT 1 receptors, and the stimulatory effect of ANG II is mediated by a nitric oxide-dependent cGMP pathway. (mssm.edu)
Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases1
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise an 11-member superfamily yielding near 100 isoform variants that hydrolyze cAMP or cGMP to their respective 5'-monophosphate form. (omicsdi.org)
Pathway7
- Andrade FA, Restini CB, Grando MD, Ramalho LN, Bendhack LM.Vascular relaxation induced by C-type natriuretic peptide involves the ca2+/NO-synthase/NO pathway. (genderi.org)
- However, the role of downstream cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling, a pathway activated by NO/eNOS, in pro- and anti-angiogenic effects of resveratrol is still unclear. (iiarjournals.org)
- Materials and Methods: Endogenous NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and downstream cell-survival proteins (Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins, IAPs) were studied in relation to pro- and anti-angiogenic effects of resveratrol in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (iiarjournals.org)
- SERT is regulated by several processes, including a cyclic GMP signaling pathway involving nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). (phosphosolutions.com)
- Activation of a COI1-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis by Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors and coronatine. (ntu.edu.tw)
- Arginine is a known inducer of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is responsible for inducing protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway. (genomeitall.com)
- A member of the pyrin family, IFI16, is a novel BRCA1-associated protein involved in the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway. (cell.com)
Signaling9
- Signaling is both soluble guanylyl cyclase- and phosphodiesterase 6-dependent but protein kinase G-independent. (nih.gov)
- Targeting the DNA damage response in combination with radiation enhances type I interferon (T1IFN)-driven innate immune signaling. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: Resveratrol-induced anti-angiogenesis/pro-apoptosis induced suppression of PKG signaling and decreased expression of the cell-survival proteins c-IAP1, c-IAP2, livin and XIAP. (iiarjournals.org)
- Structures of wild-type and mutant constructs are correlated with ligand response in vivo, clearly associating them with distinct signaling states. (embl.de)
- kinase homology domain of ANPRA (guanylyl cyclase-A) activates downstream targets of ANP/ANPR signaling. (cusabio.com)
- Traditionally, we have assessed PTMs regulation of intracellular protein signaling pathways by western blot analyses of targeted modified and unmodified protein. (researchsquare.com)
- Finally, the anti-PTM antibody normally is only raised against a single modified amino acid residue making it challenging if a protein has multiple modified residues that are modulate by a particular signaling cascade. (researchsquare.com)
- found that TRIF induces caspase-11 expression via auto/parakrine type-I IFN signaling, which leads to a noncanonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to live Gram-negative bacteria. (medscape.com)
- [ 43 ] Moreover, TRIF-dependent responses are crucial for host defense against systemic E. coli infections in mice, [ 40 ] which is further underscored by studies demonstrating protective effects of TRIF signaling during respiratory and intestinal Gram-negative bacterial infections. (medscape.com)
Peptides2
- Atrial- and C-type- natriuretic peptides (ANP, CNP) are both vasodilatatory hormones which are mainly secreted from cardiac atria and vascular endothelium, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
- Circulating natriuretic peptides such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) counterbalance the effects of hypertension and inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). (elsevier.com)
Natriuretic peptide4
- In contrast, recent studies have shown that C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) is an important anabolic regulator of cartilage growth, and loss-of-function mutations in the human CNP receptor gene cause dwarfism. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, DEX stimulates expression of Prkg2 (encoding cGMP-dependent protein kinase II) and Npr3 (natriuretic peptide decoy receptor) genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mechanism of relaxations to C-type natriuretic peptide in veins. (genderi.org)
- Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. (cocites.com)
Inhibitor3
- Tumor angiogenesis also involves the vascular endothelium-induced stimulation of cancer cell growth (1) and the higher expression levels of certain "cell survival proteins", such as the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs, including c-IAP1, Livin and Survivin), which are expressed in both the proliferating cancer cells (2, 3) and the vascular endothelial cells involved in tumor angiogenesis (4). (intechopen.com)
- The activity of the channel is increased by KT-5823, a highly selective inhibitor of protein kinase G (PKG), while it is decreased by direct application of active PKG. (ox.ac.uk)
- To explore the role of Ca 2+ -dependent pathways in the regulation of basolateral K channels, the effects of ANG II on channel activity were examined in the presence of arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone to inhibit phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), GF-109203X [a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor], and N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to inhibit nitric oxide synthase. (mssm.edu)
CGMP-dependent2
- Activator of cGMP-dependent protein kinases I α, I β & type II and cGMP-gated ion channels (cyclic GMP agonist). (biolog.de)
- Lukowski R, Rybalkin SD, Loga F, Leiss V, Beavo JA, Hofmann F: Cardiac hypertrophyis not amplified by deletion of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I in cardiomyocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation3
- Mechanism of regulation of receptor histidine kinases. (embl.de)
- We propose that altered recognition of the catalytic domain by DHp, rather than a shift in position of the phospho-accepting histidine, forms the basis for regulation of kinase activity. (embl.de)
- Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform-B phrase inside human endometrial cancers cellular material can be glucose-dependent. (kspinhibitors.com)
Shown to inhibit1
- Specifically, resveratrol has been shown to inhibit the kinase (catalytic) activity of several PKC isoforms, the MAP-kinase ERK1/2 and Syk, a tyrosine protein kinase ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Intracellular2
- After ligand binding, NPRA is rapidly internalized and trafficked from the cell surface into endosomes, Res and lysosomes, with concurrent generation of intracellular cyclic GMP in HEK-293 cells. (cusabio.com)
- In 1972 Kerr et al was the download of module as a intracellular PDH of ' Novel ', and the strands of different excretory forms reside Clinically according encoded type. (evakoch.com)
Endothelium1
- Application of KT-5823 induces Ca(2+) influx in the endothelial cells isolated from small mesenteric arteries, and it also causes endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated small mesenteric arteries. (ox.ac.uk)
Activation5
- PDE5 exhibited time- and concentration-dependent reversible activation in response to cGMP, with the highest activation (9- to 11-fold) observed at low substrate concentrations (0.1 micro M cGMP). (omicsdi.org)
- The stimulatory effect of cGMP binding on the catalytic activity of PDE5 suggests that this mechanism of enzyme activation may be common among other GAF domain-containing proteins. (omicsdi.org)
- H 2 S regulates various pathophysiological functions via interaction with nitric oxide, activation of molecular signalling cascades, post-translational modification of proteins and control of redox-dependent responses. (nature.com)
- Importantly, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor protein TRIF is required for both inflammasome activation and IFN-β production, indicating its central role in the detection of microbial viability. (medscape.com)
- bases influence and are such TSP before the activation is to the partnership( kinase). (evakoch.com)
Serine3
- GTP, but not other nucleotides, regulates the activity of Rac1, a G protein, that promotes the dephosphorylation of serine 323 on Abl-interactor 1 (Abi-1) by protein phosphatase 5 (PP5). (bvsalud.org)
- However, it has not been reported whether resveratrol has effects on cyclic-GMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase G, PKG), a biologically- and clinically-important serine/threonine-kinase mediating many physiological and pharmacological effects of nitric oxide (NO), an important pro-angiogenic factor, or on downstream proteins regulated by PKG. (iiarjournals.org)
- XIV" YNL224C 2 15 16 YNL224C "Ynl224cp,XIV" YNL238W 2 15 17 YNL238W "Ca2+-dependent serine protease,XIV" YNL240C 2 15 18 YNL240C "Nar1p,XIV" YNL242W 2 15 19 YNL242W "Required for sporulation. (davidson.edu)
Activate2
- Dephosphorylated Abi-1, a protein previously not known to activate DNA repair, promotes non-homologous end joining. (bvsalud.org)
- Cyclic dinucleotides are bacterial second messenger molecules, which were recently shown to activate innate immune responses. (medscape.com)
CGKI1
- In contrast, using a mouse model that lacks cGKI expression in CM (2), we recently showed that the absence of this kinase does not alter the onset of hypertrophy induced by TAC or isoproterenol infusion (2). (biomedcentral.com)
Cell-survival proteins1
- Western blot analyses showed that anti-angiogenic concentrations of resveratrol suppress endogenous PKG kinase activity and decrease the expression of four cell-survival proteins, c-IAP1, c-IAP2, livin and XIAP. (iiarjournals.org)
Downstream1
- We now illustrate how these conformational changes are propagated to a downstream domain by fusing Af1503 HAMP variants to the DHp domain of EnvZ, a bacterial histidine kinase. (embl.de)
Monophosphate1
- Moreover, addition of the membrane-permeant 8-bromo-guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP) not only increased channel activity but also abolished the stimulatory effect of ANG II on channel activity. (mssm.edu)
Histidine1
- Responses to C(4)-dicarboxylates depend on typical two-component systems (TCS) consisting of a transmembrane sensor histidine kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. (embl.de)
Catalytic1
- Recent studies of proteins containing kinase-like domains that lack catalytic residue(s) classically required for phosphotransfer, termed pseudokinases, have uncovered important roles in cell signalling across the kingdoms of life. (embl.de)
Mass spectrometry2
- these can be expressed in cells and endogenous cellular proteins that copurify with the bait can be identified as putative interacting proteins using mass spectrometry. (embl.de)
- The evolution of proteomics-based mass spectrometry has greatly expanded the understanding of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and has allowed for the un-biased analysis of a variety of PTMs and their potential roles in biology and disease. (researchsquare.com)
Activates1
- Recognition of cytosolic DNA activates an IRF3-dependent innate immune response. (cell.com)
Cardiac2
- Here we contrast 2 closely related therapies, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 or type 9 (PDE5-I, PDE9-I), given to mice subjected to sustained cardiac pressure overload (PO). (omicsdi.org)
- It is also unclear if Sil effects are mediated by other cardiac cell types, in particular by cardiofibroblast. (biomedcentral.com)
Secretion2
- Eating dinner close to bedtime when endogenous melatonin levels are high is associated with decreased insulin secretion and decreased glucose tolerance, which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes . (diabetesprohelp.com)
- These ATPase are found as coomponents of several protein secretion systems as well as synaptosomal fusion systems. (tcdb.org)
Genes3
- MicroRNAs (miRs) posttranscriptionally regulate mRNA and its translation into protein, and are considered master controllers of genes modulating normal physiology and disease. (omicsdi.org)
- The differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondroblasts is regulated by the activity of the Sox9 transcription factor, which controls the expression of principal genes encoding the extracellular matrix proteins of cartilage, such as collagen type II and aggrecan [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Most privileges set aside.Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the particular etiologic realtor involving man granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), has body's genes expected for you to scribe AS2863619 three sensor kinases, such as annotated PleC, along with a few reply authorities, one of which is PleD. (kspinhibitors.com)
Endogenous2
- Specific for endogenous levels of the ~76 kDa SERT protein phosphorylated at Thr276. (phosphosolutions.com)
- We have found that a combination of: 1) the variable sequence of the C-terminus of the bait with 2) a C-terminal valine "cloning scar" present in a commercially available ORF library, can in some cases create a peptide motif that results in the aberrant co-purification of endogenous cellular proteins. (embl.de)
Stimulate2
- Cyclic GMP can directly stimulate If but it is ∼10-fold less potent than the 'physiological' If-gating nucleotide, cAMP. (ox.ac.uk)
- Most notably, the bacterially-produced cyclic dinucleotides c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP stimulate robust production of type-I IFN, which is also a hallmark response to viable bacteria. (medscape.com)
Phosphodiesterase type1
- Life pharmacy near you have regular usage of phosphodiesterase type of our doctor. (poochdecor.com)
Amino acid sequences1
- One of the major outcomes of a genome sequencing project is the availability of amino acid sequences of all the proteins encoded in the genome of the organism concerned. (iisc.ac.in)
Tyrosine1
- Iron( complex) and virus( amelogenesis) inactivate two then increased proteins although kappa, polymerase, guanylyltransferase and complement protein endoplasmic detected tyrosine results. (evakoch.com)
Putative1
- XV" YOL105C 1 15 18 YOL105C "Putative integral membrane protein containing novel cysteine motif. (davidson.edu)
Pathways2
- By studying the plasmacytoid dendritic cells and two types of T cells from patients with and without the PRKG1 genetic risk variant, the research team will identify new biological pathways that can be targeted to reduce the inflammation in lupus patients related to high levels of interferon alpha. (lupusresearch.org)
- Thus, only a few proteins and their PTMs can be analyzed in a given western blot and a prior knowledge is required for these analyses which narrows the scope of biological pathways that can be investigated to those that are well studied and established. (researchsquare.com)
Survivin1
- VEGF, EGF) and apoptosis/cell death-regulating proteins ( e.g. survivin, p53, Bcl-2) ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Inhibitory2
- Of particular interest are the kinase inhibitory effects of resveratrol. (iiarjournals.org)
- The actual quantitative structure-activity relationship research, endeavors to check out your constitutionnel and physicochemical needs involving 2-sulfonyl-phenyl-indol types (d = Thirty) for COX-2 inhibitory exercise employing chemical, topological, geometric, along with https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lovastatin-mevacor.html quantum descriptors. (kspinhibitors.com)
Nitric oxide-dependent1
- PKG translocation is ANP-dependent but not nitric oxide-dependent. (elsevier.com)
Interferon1
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by systemic inflammation, loss of tolerance to self-antigens, and dysregulated type I interferon (IFN) responses. (lupusresearch.org)
Sensor1
- In this report, the water-soluble periplasmic sensor domain of Sinorhizobium meliloti DctB (DctBp) was studied, and three crystal structures were solved: the apo protein, a complex with C(4) succinate, and a complex with C(3) malonate. (embl.de)
Polymerase1
- RIG-I-dependent sensing of poly(dA:dT) through the induction of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA intermediate. (cell.com)
Metabolic1
- This review describes the mechanisms by which FGF21 induces "browning" of adipose tissue and how it may have a role in the treatment of human metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
Cells7
- Two additional immune T cell types called Th17 and regulatory T cells are of interest to Dr. Fernandez Ruiz as well due to their key role in controlling lupus-associated inflammation. (lupusresearch.org)
- It is not understood, however, whether DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), the kinase critical for repairing the majority of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in cancer cells, is immunomodulatory. (bvsalud.org)
- The alveoli consist of Type I and II epithelial cells with a number of other immune cells such as alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils (Lerner, Borel and Gutierrez Iron can decrease how much quinolone antibiotic the body absorbs from the stomach. (langfoerden-seagulls.de)
- Radioresistant cells initiate lymphocyte-dependent lung inflammation and IFN? (umassmed.edu)
- BAT consists of a group of specialized cells with abundant uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane and also fulfills endocrine functions. (frontiersin.org)
- In addition, stimulation of murine macrophages or dendritic cells with live avirulent bacteria significantly enhanced the production of type-I IFN. (medscape.com)
- Cells block up extension by formed determinant, via surface proteins( GLUTs) characterised with the complex reticulum, a related dephosphorylation. (evakoch.com)
Physiological1
- Interest has been focused on differentiating anatomical, molecular, and physiological characteristics of the types of mammalian adipose tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Serotonin transporter1
- To determine the Sodium-Dependent serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) there was used the method of quantitative sandwich ELISA of Cusabio production. (rjptonline.org)
Ligand1
- Furthermore, PKG participates in a ligand-dependent gain-of-function loop that significantly increases the intrinsic cyclase activity of the receptor. (elsevier.com)
Uptake1
- The ABC2 uptake Superfamily includes proteins in TC families 2.A.87 (P-RFT) and 2.A.88 (VUT or ECF). (tcdb.org)
Signal1
- Dawn of the dead: protein pseudokinases signal new adventures in cell biology. (embl.de)
Regulators2
- Expression of FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin complex-associated protein 1 (FRAP1) and associated regulators and effectors of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes in ovine uteri and peri-implantation conceptuses. (tamu.edu)
- Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
Antibody2
- This can be a tedious and not-always fruitful process, as this method involves probing with an antibody against one or two PTM-protein(s), followed by stripping of the membrane, re-probing for the total form of the protein(s), and then maybe another round of stripping/re-probing for additional targeted sites on the same protein. (researchsquare.com)
- Additionally, the accuracy of western blotting is strictly dependent on the strength and precision of the antibody, and thus, quantification can only be made between within the same given protein blot (species) (the same antibody) with no inference between the ratio or amount of the unmodified vs modified protein. (researchsquare.com)
Interaction1
- The download Shady Lady: A of PCNA accumulates functional as it may be as a energy checkpoint in charging MMR proteins to using interaction, are with MLH1: PMS2 and Exonuclease 1( EXO1) to prevent depolarization of the possibly initiated quota and phosphorylated figure expression pregnenolone to be photophosphorylation of terms. (evakoch.com)
MeSH1
- Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. (umassmed.edu)
Involves1
- The isoflurane sensitive Ca entry involves a cationic channel different from the L- or N- type voltage-dependent Ca channels. (asahq.org)