Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate.
A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.
A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.
A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES
A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.
The portion of a retinal rod cell situated between the ROD INNER SEGMENT and the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. It contains a stack of photosensitive disk membranes laden with RHODOPSIN.
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.
Specialized cells that detect and transduce light. They are classified into two types based on their light reception structure, the ciliary photoreceptors and the rhabdomeric photoreceptors with MICROVILLI. Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells use opsins that activate a PHOSPHOLIPASE C cascade.
Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.
3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.
A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.
Cell surface proteins that bind ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. They contain intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activity.
The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.
A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.
An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.
A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.
An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to guanosine 5'-phosphate (GMP) in the presence of AMMONIA and NADP+. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.6.6.8.
A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.
A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in vascular tissue and plays an important role in regulating VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction.
A species of the family Ranidae (true frogs). The only anuran properly referred to by the common name "bullfrog", it is the largest native anuran in North America.
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
A cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in SMOOTH MUSCLE tissues and plays a role in regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Two isoforms, PKGIalpha and PKGIbeta, of the type I protein kinase exist due to alternative splicing of its mRNA.
An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.
Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.
An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)
Peptides that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide hormones. Several have been sequenced (ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE).
Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.
A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.
A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.
A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.
A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with antidepressant properties.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.
A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.
A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)
The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
The conformation, properties, reaction processes, and the properties of the reactions of carbon compounds.
A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.
Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.
A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.
The main trunk of the systemic arteries.
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.
A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, becoming fairly common in the southern United States and almost pantropical. The secretions from the skin glands of this species are very toxic to animals.
Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.
A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.
Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.
Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein that mediates the light activation signal from photolyzed rhodopsin to cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and is pivotal in the visual excitation process. Activation of rhodopsin on the outer membrane of rod and cone cells causes GTP to bind to transducin followed by dissociation of the alpha subunit-GTP complex from the beta/gamma subunits of transducin. The alpha subunit-GTP complex activates the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to 5'-GMP. This leads to closure of the sodium and calcium channels and therefore hyperpolarization of the rod cells. EC 3.6.1.-.
Nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphate nucleotidohydrolase. Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the 2'- or 3'- phosphate bonds of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. Also hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates. Includes EC 3.1.4.16 and EC 3.1.4.37. EC 3.1.4.-.
A group of compounds that are derivatives of oxo-pyrrolidines. A member of this group is 2-oxo pyrrolidine, which is an intermediate in the manufacture of polyvinylpyrrolidone. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5.
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.
A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.
A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.
A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine).
The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.
Mixtures of closely related hypotensive alkaloids from Veratrum album (Liliaceae). They have been used in the treatment of hypertension but have largely been replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects.
An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.
A genus of the Ambystomatidae family. The best known species are the axolotl AMBYSTOMA MEXICANUM and the closely related tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. They may retain gills and remain aquatic without developing all of the adult characteristics. However, under proper changes in the environment they metamorphose.
An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.
Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.
Slender tubular or hairlike excretory structures found in insects. They emerge from the alimentary canal between the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut).
Compounds or factors that act on a specific enzyme to increase its activity.
A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.
Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.
A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in the outer segment PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS of the RETINA. It is comprised of two catalytic subunits, referred to as alpha and beta, that form a dimer. In addition two regulatory subunits, referred to as gamma and delta, modulate the activity and localization of the enzyme.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
The absence of light.
An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.
Photosensitive afferent neurons located in the peripheral retina, with their density increases radially away from the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Being much more sensitive to light than the RETINAL CONE CELLS, the rod cells are responsible for twilight vision (at scotopic intensities) as well as peripheral vision, but provide no color discrimination.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.

Relaxin is a potent renal vasodilator in conscious rats. (1/5723)

The kidneys and other nonreproductive organs vasodilate during early gestation; however, the "pregnancy hormones" responsible for the profound vasodilation of the renal circulation during pregnancy are unknown. We hypothesized that the ovarian hormone relaxin (RLX) contributes. Therefore, we tested whether the administration of RLX elicits renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration in conscious adult, intact female rats. After several days of treatment with either purified porcine RLX or recombinant human RLX 2 (rhRLX), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20%-40%. Comparable renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration was also observed in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that estrogen and progesterone are unnecessary for the renal response to rhRLX. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abrogated the increase in ERPF and GFR elicited by chronic administration of purified porcine RLX. In contrast, the renal vasoconstrictory response to angiotensin II was attenuated by the RLX treatment. Short-term infusion of purified porcine RLX to conscious rats over several hours failed to increase ERPF and GFR. Plasma osmolality was consistently reduced by the chronic administration of both RLX preparations. In conclusion, the renal and osmoregulatory effects of chronic RLX administration to conscious rats resemble the physiological changes of pregnancy in several respects: (a) marked increases in ERPF and GFR with a mediatory role for nitric oxide; (b) attenuation of the renal circulatory response to angiotensin II; and (c) reduction in plasma osmolality.  (+info)

Role of nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in adrenomedullin-induced vasodilation in the rat. (2/5723)

We previously reported that adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide discovered in pheochromocytoma cells, stimulates nitric oxide (NO) release in the rat kidney. To further investigate whether the NO-cGMP pathway is involved in the mechanisms of AM-induced vasodilation, we examined the effects of E-4021, a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on AM-induced vasorelaxation in aortic rings and perfused kidneys isolated from Wistar rats. We also measured NO release from the kidneys using a chemiluminescence assay. AM (10(-10) to 10(-7) mol/L) relaxed the aorta precontracted with phenylephrine in a dose-dependent manner. Denudation of endothelium (E) attenuated the vasodilatory action of AM (10(-7) mol/L AM: intact (E+) -25.7+/-5.2% versus denuded (E-) -7. 8+/-0.6%, P<0.05). On the other hand, pretreatment with 10(-8) mol/L E-4021 augmented AM-induced vasorelaxation in the intact aorta (-49. 0+/-7.9%, P<0.05) but not in the denuded one. E-4021 also enhanced acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation in the rat intact aorta (10(-7) mol/L ACh -36.6+/-8.4% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-7) mol/L ACh -62.7+/-3.1%, P<0.05). In perfused kidneys, AM-induced vasorelaxation was also augmented by preincubation with E-4021 (10(-9) mol/L AM -15.4+/-0.6% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-9) mol/L AM -23.6+/-1.2%, P<0.01). AM significantly increased NO release from rat kidneys (DeltaNO: +11.3+/-0.8 fmol. min-1. g-1 kidney at 10(-9) mol/L AM), which was not affected by E-4021. E-4021 enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation (10(-9) mol/L ACh -9.7+/-1.7% versus 10(-8) mol/L E-4021+10(-9) mol/L ACh -18.8+/-2.9%, P<0.01) but did not affect ACh-induced NO release from the kidneys. In the aorta and the kidney, 10(-4) mol/L of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor, and 10(-5) mol/L of methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, reduced the vasodilatory effect of AM. These results suggest that the NO-cGMP pathway is involved in the mechanism of AM-induced vasorelaxation, at least in the rat aorta and kidney.  (+info)

Nitric oxide modulates endothelin 1-induced Ca2+ mobilization and cytoskeletal F-actin filaments in human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells. (3/5723)

A functional interrelation between nitric oxide (NO), the endothelial-derived vasodilating factor, and endothelin 1 (ET-1), the potent vasoconstrictive peptide, was investigated in microvascular endothelium of human brain. Nor-1 dose-dependently decreased the ET-1-stimulated mobilization of Ca2+. This response was mimicked with cGMP and abrogated by inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase or cGMP-dependent protein kinase G. These findings indicate that NO and ET-1 interactions involved in modulation of intracellular Ca2+ are mediated by cGMP/protein kinase G. In addition, Nor-1-mediated effects were associated with rearrangements of cytoskeleton F-actin filaments. The results suggest mechanisms by which NO-ET-1 interactions may contribute to regulation of microvascular function.  (+info)

Elevated expression of the CD4 receptor and cell cycle arrest are induced in Jurkat cells by treatment with the novel cyclic dinucleotide 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid. (4/5723)

The effect of the novel, naturally occurring nucleotide cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) on the lymphoblastoid CD4+ Jurkat cell line was studied. When exposed to 50 microM c-di-GMP, Jurkat cells exhibited a markedly elevated expression of the CD4 receptor of up to 6.3-fold over controls. C-di-GMP also causes blockage of the cell cycle at the S-phase, characterized by increased cellular thymidine uptake, reduction in G2/M-phase cells, increase in S-phase cells and decreased cell division. Additionally c-di-GMP naturally enters these cells and binds irreversibly to the P21ras protein. The effects described appear to be unique for c-di-GMP.  (+info)

Enantioselective inhibition of the biotransformation and pharmacological actions of isoidide dinitrate by diphenyleneiodonium sulphate. (5/5723)

1. We have shown previously that the D- and L- enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate (D-IIDN and L-IIDN) exhibit a potency difference for relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation in isolated rat aorta and that this is related to preferential biotransformation of the more potent enantiomer (D-IIDN). The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of the flavoprotein inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium sulphate (DPI), on the enantioselectivity of IIDN action. 2. In isolated rat aortic strip preparations, exposure to 0.3 microM DPI resulted in a 3.6 fold increase in the EC50 value for D-IIDN-induced relaxation, but had no effect on L-IIDN-induced relaxation. 3. Incubation of aortic strips with 2 microM D- or L-IIDN for 5 min resulted in significantly more D-isoidide mononitrate formed (5.0 +/- 1.5 pmol mg protein(-1)) than L-isoidide mononitrate (2.1 +/- 0.7 pmol mg protein(-1)) and this difference was abolished by pretreatment of tissues with 0.3 microM DPI. DPI had no effect on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity or GSH-dependent biotransformation of D- or L-IIDN in the 105,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat aorta. 4. Consistent with both the relaxation and biotransformation data, treatment of tissues with 0.3 microM DPI significantly inhibited D-IIDN-induced cyclic GMP accumulation, but had no effect on L-IIDN-induced cyclic GMP accumulation. 5. In the intact animal, 2 mg kg(-1) DPI significantly inhibited the pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic properties of D-IIDN, but had no effect L-IIDN. 6. These data suggest that the basis for the potency difference for relaxation by the two enantiomers is preferential biotransformation of D-IIDN to NO, by an enzyme that is inhibited by DPI. Given that DPI binds to and inhibits NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, the data are consistent with a role for the cytochromes P450-NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase system in this enantioselective biotransformation process.  (+info)

Accelerated intimal hyperplasia and increased endogenous inhibitors for NO synthesis in rabbits with alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia. (6/5723)

1. We examined whether endogenous inhibitors of NO synthesis are involved in the augmentation of intimal hyperplasia in rabbits with hyperglycaemia induced by alloxan. 2. Four weeks after the endothelial denudation of carotid artery which had been performed 12 weeks after alloxan, the intimal hyperplasia was greatly augmented with hyperglycaemia. The degree of hyperplasia was assessed using three different parameters of histopathological findings as well as changes in luminal area and intima: media ratio. 3. There were positive and significant correlations between intima:media ratio, plasma glucose, and concentrations of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and N(G), N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) in endothelial cells, that is, the intima:media ratio became greater as plasma glucose and endothelial L-NMMA and ADMA were increased. Furthermore, endothelial L-NMMA and ADMA were increased in proportion to the increase in plasma glucose. 4. In contrast, there were inverse and significant correlations between cyclic GMP production by carotid artery strips with endothelium and plasma glucose, between cyclic GMP production and endothelial L-NMMA and ADMA, and between the intima:media ratio and cyclic GMP production. 5. Exogenously applied L-NMMA and ADMA inhibited cyclic GMP production in a concentration-dependent manner. IC50 values were determined to be 12.1 microM for the former and 26.2 microM for the latter. The cyclic GMP production was abolished after the deliberate removal of endothelium from the artery strips. 6. These results suggest that the augmentation of intimal hyperplasia with hyperglycaemia is closely related to increased accumulation of L-NMMA and ADMA with hyperglycaemia, which would result in an accelerated reduction in NO production/release by endothelial cells.  (+info)

Growth-inhibitory effect of cyclic GMP- and cyclic AMP-dependent vasodilators on rat vascular smooth muscle cells: effect on cell cycle and cyclin expression. (7/5723)

1. The possibility that the antiproliferative effect of cyclic GMP- and cyclic AMP-dependent vasodilators involves an impaired progression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) through the cell cycle and expression of cyclins, which in association with the cyclin-dependent kinases control the transition between the distinct phases of the cell cycle, was examined. 2. FCS (10%) stimulated the transition of quiescent VSMC from the G0/G1 to the S phase (maximum within 18-24 h and then to the G2/M phase (maximum within 22-28 h). Sodium nitroprusside and 8-Br-cyclic GMP, as well as forskolin and 8-Br-cyclic AMP markedly reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase after FCS stimulation. 3. FCS stimulated the low basal protein expression of cyclin D1 (maximum within 8-24 h) and E (maximum within 8-38 h) and of cyclin A (maximum within 14-30 h). The stimulatory effect of FCS on cyclin D1 and A expression was inhibited, but that of cyclin E was only minimally affected by the vasodilators. 4. FCS increased the low basal level of cyclin D1 mRNA after a lag phase of 2 h and that of cyclin A after 12 h. The vasodilators significantly reduced the FCS-stimulated expression of cyclin D1 and A mRNA. 5. These findings indicate that cyclic GMP- and cyclic AMP-dependent vasodilators inhibit the proliferation of VSMC by preventing the progression of the cell cycle from the G0/G1 into the S phase, an effect which can be attributed to the impaired expression of cyclin D1 and A.  (+info)

Nonanticoagulant heparin prevents coronary endothelial dysfunction after brief ischemia-reperfusion injury in the dog. (8/5723)

BACKGROUND: Coronary endothelial dysfunction after brief ischemia-reperfusion (IR) remains a clinical problem. We investigated the role of heparin and N-acetylheparin, a nonanticoagulant heparin derivative, in modulating coronary endothelial function after IR injury, with an emphasis on defining the role of the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway in the heparin-mediated effect. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male mongrel dogs were surgically instrumented, and the effects of both bovine heparin and N-acetylheparin on coronary endothelial vasomotor function, expressed as percent change from baseline flow after acetylcholine challenge, were studied after 15 minutes of regional ischemia of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. In dogs treated with placebo (saline), coronary vasomotor function was significantly (P+info)

Bis-(3-5)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger that regulates multiple cellular behaviors in most major bacterial phyla. C-di-GMP signaling in bacterial often includes enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP, effector proteins or molecules that bind c-di-GMP, and targets that interact with effectors. However, little is known about the specificity of c-di-GMP signaling in controlling virulence and bacterial behaviors. In this work, we have investigated the c-di-GMP signaling network using the model plant pathogen Dickeya dadantii 3937. In Chapter 2, we characterized two PilZ domain proteins that regulate biofilm formation, swimming motility, Type III secretion system (T3SS) gene expression, and pectate lyase production in high c-di-GMP level conditions. YcgR3937 binds c-di-GMP both in vivo and in vitro. Next, we revealed a sophisticated regulatory network that connects the sRNA, c-di-GMP signaling, and flagellar master
TY - JOUR. T1 - Anaesthesia and the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway in the central nervous system. AU - Galley, H F PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. KW - RAT CEREBELLAR SLICES. KW - GUANOSINE-MONOPHOSPHATE. KW - IN-VIVO. KW - BRAIN-REGIONS. KW - SYNTHASE. KW - CGMP. KW - KETAMINE. KW - NEURONS. KW - 3,5-MONOPHOSPHATE. KW - ANESTHETICS. M3 - Editorial. VL - 84. SP - 141. EP - 143. JO - British Journal of Anaesthesia. JF - British Journal of Anaesthesia. SN - 0007-0912. ER - ...
Cells of the murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 possess muscarinic receptors that influence the intracellular level of cyclic nucleotides. The stimulation of [3H]cyclic GMP levels occurs only with intact cells and has an EC50 near the low-affinity agonist equilibrium dissociation constant (KL) determined by radioligand binding assays. The inhibition of prostaglandin E1-stimulated [3H]cyclic AMP formation has an EC50 close to the value for the high-affinity agonist equilibrium dissociation constant (KH). During sequential subculturing in medium supplemented with newborn bovine serum, the inhibition of [3H]cyclic AMP was maintained, but the [3H]cyclic GMP response declined dramatically, and after 7 subculturings it was essentially absent. The time course for [3H]cyclic GMP formation in a late subculture with an 88% loss of the response was identical with the time course in early subcultures. A normal [3H]cyclic GMP response to bradykinin and histamine was demonstrated to be present in cells ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Determination?of?association?constants?between?5?-guanosine?monophosphate?gel?and?aromatic?compounds?by?capillary?electrophoresis. AU - Kaneta, Takashi. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. M3 - Article. C2 - 23522259. VL - 1288. SP - 149. EP - 154. JO - Journal?of?Chromatography?A. JF - Journal?of?Chromatography?A. ER - ...
On the stage of bacterial signal transduction and regulation, bis-(3-5)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has long played the part of Sleeping Beauty. c-di-GMP was first described in 1987, but only recently was it recognized that the enzymes that make and break it are not only ub …
cGMP Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Peptide chemical properties, What are the chemical properties of cGMP Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Peptide 82801-73-8, What are the physical properties of cGMP Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Peptide ect.
RATIONALE: cAMP and cGMP are intracellular second messengers involved in heart pathophysiology. cGMP can potentially affect cAMP signals via cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs). OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of cGMP signals on the local cAMP response to catecholamines in specific subcellular compartments. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used real-time FRET imaging of living rat ventriculocytes expressing targeted cAMP and cGMP biosensors to detect cyclic nucleotides levels in specific locales. We found that the compartmentalized, but not the global, cAMP response to isoproterenol is profoundly affected by cGMP signals. The effect of cGMP is to increase cAMP levels in the compartment where the protein kinase (PK)A-RI isoforms reside but to decrease cAMP in the compartment where the PKA-RII isoforms reside. These opposing effects are determined by the cGMP-regulated PDEs, namely PDE2 and PDE3, with the local activity of these PDEs being critically important. The cGMP-mediated modulation of cAMP also affects
In animal models of MI, gene expression of ANF is reportedly upregulated23 and correlates strongly with diastolic wall stress and stretch.24,25 Our present results on myocardial ANF mRNA content showed a marked increase in this factor in isoproterenol- and cinaciguat plus isoproterenol-treated rats, suggesting end-diastolic wall stress. Recent studies also showed that production of cGMP by activation of natriuretic peptides receptor just before therapeutic reperfusion has a significant anti-infarct effect in both animals26 and humans.27 Our results also showed a correlation between increased myocardial ANF mRNA expression and plasma cGMP levels in these groups of rats, which could be a phenomenon that opposes MI. In heart failure, increased cGMP concentrations in extracellular fluids, including plasma28 and urine,29 are believed to result from its passage through the cellular membrane30 as plasma cGMP is seen as an overspill of intracellular cGMP. However, plasma cGMP levels do not necessarily ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - YC-1 inhibits proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells through a cyclic GMP-independent pathway. AU - Hsu, Hun Kung. AU - Juan, Shu Hui. AU - Ho, Pei Yin. AU - Liang, Yu Chih. AU - Lin, Chien-Huang. AU - Teng, Che Ming. AU - Lee, Wen Sen. PY - 2003/7/15. Y1 - 2003/7/15. N2 - This study was designed to investigate the effect of YC-1, 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation and its underlying mechanism. YC-1 at a range of concentrations (5-50μM) inhibited DNA synthesis and decreased cell number in cultured HUVEC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. YC-1 was not cytotoxic at these concentrations. [3H]thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry analyses revealed that YC-1 treatment decreased DNA synthesis and arrested the cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Western blot analysis demonstrated that YC-1 (5-50μM) increased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory proteins ...
Tisdale, M J. and Phillips, B J., Apparent correlation between adenosine 3.5 Cyclic monophosphate levels and malignancy in somatic cell hybrids. (1974). Subject Strain Bibliography 1974. 1875 ...
Treatment of pancreatic islets with interleukin 1 (IL-1) results in a time-dependent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion which has recently been demonstrated to be dependent on the metabolism of L-arginine to nitric oxide. In this report IL-1 beta is shown to induce the accumulation of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in a time-dependent fashion that mimics the time-dependent inhibition of insulin secretion by IL-1 beta. The accumulation of cGMP is dependent on nitric oxide synthase activity, since NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) prevents IL-1 beta-induced cGMP accumulation. cGMP formation and nitrite production induced by IL-1 beta pretreatment of islets are also blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. The formation of cGMP does not appear to mediate the inhibitory effects of IL-1 beta on insulin secretion since a concentration of cycloheximide (1 microM) that blocks IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin ...
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is the intracellular second messenger that mediates the action of nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), regulating a broad array of physiologic processes. The elevated intracellular cGMP level exerts its physiological action through two forms of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDE2, PDE3) and cGMP-gated cation channels, among which PKGs might be the primary mediator. PKG1 isoform-specific activation of established substrates leads to reduction of cytosolic calcium concentration and/or decrease in the sensitivity of myofilaments to Ca2+ (Ca2+-desensitization), resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. In cardiac myocyte, PKG directly phosphorylates a member of the transient potential receptor canonical channel family, TRPC6, suppressing this nonselective ion channels Ca2+ conductance, G-alpha-q agonist-induced NFAT activation, and myocyte hypertrophic responses. PKG also opens mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels ...
In this article, we show that NO not only induces a rapid cGMP response in platelets and in aortic strips but also serves to alter the responsiveness of the cGMP cascade. In both models, the NO-induced cGMP response is biphasic and characterized by a very fast increase in cGMP, which amounts to a calculated peak concentration of ∼60 μM in platelets (see below). Subsequently, the concentration of cGMP declines rapidly, and it can be assumed that PDE activity has outcompeted cGMP synthesis. Thus, the biphasic cGMP accumulation profiles are indicative of a complex, thus far poorly understood interplay of cGMP-forming and -degrading activities.. The rapid desensitizing effect of NO is demonstrated by preincubating platelets or aortic strips, which reveals that the extent of the cGMP response is inversely related to the amount of NO present during the preincubation (Figs. 2 and 3 B). At high NO concentrations, the cGMP system becomes desensitized almost completely, whereas at low tissue ...
Background: Hemostasis is a critical and active function of the blood mediated by platelets. Therefore, the prevention of pathological platelet aggregation is of great importance as well as of pharmaceutical and medical interest. Endogenous platelet inhibition is predominantly based on cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) elevation and subsequent cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase (PKA, PKG) activation. In turn, platelet phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and protein phosphatases counterbalance their activity. This main inhibitory pathway in human platelets is crucial for countervailing unwanted platelet activation. Consequently, the regulators of cyclic nucleotide signaling are of particular interest to pharmacology and therapeutics of atherothrombosis. Modeling of pharmacodynamics allows understanding this intricate signaling and supports the precise description of these pivotal targets for pharmacological modulation. Results: We modeled dynamically concentration-dependent responses of pathway ...
In the present study, we have shown that YC-1 induced an antiproliferative effect in HCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. YC-1 also inhibited DNA synthesis in HA22T cells and blocked the G1-S transition of the cell cycle. It is well known that elevation of the cGMP levels can be achieved by YC-1 through direct activation of sGC (Wu et al., 1995) and by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity (Galle et al., 1999). Nevertheless, YC-1-mediated responses through a cGMP-independent pathway have also been described before (Ferrero and Torres, 2001; Hwang et al., 2003). In our study, 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (a selective sGC inhibitor) and KT-5823 (a selective inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase) did not prevent the YC-1-induced antiproliferative effect, nor did YC-1 increase cGMP formation in HA22T cells. These results suggest that YC-1-induced inhibition of HA22T proliferation occurs through a cGMP-independent signaling pathway. Soluble guanylyl cyclase is a ...
PDE-stable cyclic GMP analogue suitable for immobilization as affinity ligand (e.g. for purification of phosphodiesterases) or for coupling of various labelling structures including fluorophores. This structure is also offered as a ligand immobilized to a
Microorganisms can survive in challenging environments by rapidly adapting to the external conditions. Sensing external stimuli and transducing this information to the interior is in many cases mediated by phosphate signaling systems. Typical systems are composed of at least one sensor histidine kinase and one response regulator protein that communicate with each other via a phosphorylation cascade. In addition, Caulobacter and other bacteria use these systems to regulate their cell cycle. In such cases, not an external stimulus, but the fluctuating internal second messenger cyclic di-GMP is sensed. In close collaboration with the Jenal and the Schirmer labs, we use a combination of methods, in particular X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms at the atomic level. We have shown that the activity of the histidine kinase CckA from the CckA-CtrA pathway involved in initiation of chromosome replication is regulated by cyclic di-GMP, we identified ...
c-di-GMP is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that regulates motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of many bacterial pathogens. The PilZ domain is a widespread c-di-GMP receptor that binds c-di-GMP through its RXXXR and [D/N]hSXXG motifs; some PilZ domains lack these motifs and are unable to bind c-di-GMP. We used structural and sequence analysis to assess the diversity of PilZ-related domains and define their common... ...
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BioAssay record AID 607603 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of mouse PDE10A assessed as inhibition of hydrolysis of [3H]cGMP to [3H]GMP after 20 mins by scintillation counting.
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Two disparate mechanisms have evolved for activating PKG1α; one relies on binding of the second messenger cGMP, the other involves thiol oxidation inducing a disulfide homodimer. In this study, we found that these 2 mechanisms of activating PKG1α are intricately linked with the binding of cGMP preventing oxidation to the disulfide state. The N-terminus of PKG1α, which contains the redox-sensitive cysteine from each monomer of the dimer, have been mapped using NMR.14 This structural information shows that the redox cysteines in PKG1α are in close proximity and orientated to allow the formation of a disulfide bond when oxidants are present. Our observations are consistent with cGMP binding to PKG1α causing an allosteric structural change that reorientates the redox cysteines. This reorientation presumably moves the thiols too far apart or changes their molecular environment such that their pKa is increased to lower their reactivity with oxidants, either of which would attenuate disulfide ...
Publications, Scientific Experts, Research Topics, Species, Genomes and Genes, Research Grants about cyclic gmp dependent protein kinases
Kaupp, U.B., Niidome, T., Tanabe, T., Terada, S., Bonigk, W., Stuhmer, W., Cook, N.J., Kangawa, K., Matsuo, H., Hirose, T. 1989 Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of the rod photoreceptor cyclic GMP-gated channel. Nature, 342, 762 766 ...
Today we residents are post-inservice exam, put together by The American Board of Emergency Medicine, and I can say this about the test: Im glad Im not an intern anymore. Ive obviously still got a lot to learn, but its nothing like the feeling of overwhelmth (yes, just made that up) you feel halfway through your internship thinking, Im supposed to know the answer to this?. But today Im not writing about those mushy-gushy feelings and experiences. No no. Today, I want answers.. I was always annoyed with standardized medical tests (primarily the USMLE) where you left the exam with a) no idea how you performed and b) no real feedback for several months. At this point, I dont really care if I missed a question about cyclic GMP on USMLE Step I, but for the inservice exam, its a different story. This is stuff that I apparently need to know. And so, please, ABEM: I want to know the right answers.. If the point of the inservice and the boards is knowledge and learning and requiring a certain ...
Nobelpreisträger Louis J. Ignarro (University of California, Los Angeles), 05.11.2019. The field of nitric oxide (NO) research has developed in explosive proportions since the discovery of endogenous NO in 1986. The first biologically important actions of NO were vasodilation and inhibition of blood clotting, by mechanisms involving stimulation of cyclic GMP production. The cyclic GMP system is the principal signal transduction mechanism by which NO elicits many of its physiological effects in mammals. NO acts as a CNS and peripheral neurotransmitter, where NO facilitates memory, learning, recall and erectile function. Based on these properties of NO, new drugs have been and are being developed to treat hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, angina pectoris, heart failure, vascular complications of diabetes, GI ulcers, impotency and other vascular disorders. The unique properties of NO allow for the opportunity to develop novel drugs for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of a multitude of ...
The cyclic nucleotide cGMP has been shown to play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. To date, the techniques that are available to measure cGMP in plants are limited by low spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, tissue destruction is necessary. To circumvent these drawbacks we have used the δ-FlincG fluorescent protein to create an endogenous cGMP sensor that can report cellular cGMP levels with high resolution in time and space in living plant cells. δ-FlincG in transient and stably expressing cells shows a dissociation constant for cGMP of around 200 nm giving it a dynamic range of around 20-2000 nm. Stimuli that were previously shown to alter cGMP in plant cells (nitric oxide and gibberrellic acid) evoked pronounced fluorescence signals in single cells and in root tissues, providing evidence that δ-FlincG reports changes in cellular cGMP in a physiologically relevant context. ...
The relaxing endothelial function, dependent on NO-synthase activity and cyclic GMP production, plays a tonic role in the regulation of arterial vasomotricity. The endothelial NO-synthase activity is dependent on endothelial cell calcium. In vitro, vasoactive substances, such as acetylcholine and bradykinin, exert their relaxing action on smooth muscle cells by increasing calcium in endothelial cells. In vivo, the basal NO-synthase activity is under the control of the shear stress exerted by blood on the endothelial surface. Acute or chronic blockade of NO-synthase activity with L-arginine antagonists is associated with a rise in pressure and a fall in flow. The renal vascular bed is particularly sensitive to NO-synthase blockade. In primary, essential hypertension, mimicked by the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the vasorelaxing NO-synthase activity appears to be normal. In contrast, sodium overload is associated with an overactivity of the NO-synthase. A defect in this counter- regulation may ...
TexMACS GMP Medium is specialized for optimal cultivation of human T cells and Treg cells. It is manufactured without animal-derived components. TexMACS GMP Medium is either filled in bottles or flexible bags, making handling in GMP confirming processes easy. | Deutschland
March and April will be devoted to the Working Group meeting. Given the Covid-19 outbreak, we need to remedy this remotely, but we do want to make progress. There we will discuss the change proposals to the Core Standard and the Technical Specifications based on the public consultation. We will also present the standards of the GMP+ FSA module 2020 that have not yet been discussed to the work group. We will then use the recommendations of the Working Group to draw up definitive standards for the GMP+ FSA module 2020.. Finally, a lot of work has recently been done on rewriting the requirements for the GMP+ FRA module and the requirements for Certification Bodies. Separate Working Group have worked on this and issued advice on this.. In May 2020, all new documents with advice will be coordinated with the International Expert Committee (IEC) and the various subcommittees. The aim is then to be able to show you the final draft version of the GMP+ 2020 scheme on July 1st 2020 on our website.. This ...
Hussain, J.; Chen, J.; Locato, V.; Sabetta, W.; Behera, S.; Cimini, S.; Griggio, F.; Martínez-Jaime, S.; Graf, A.; Bouneb, M. et al.; Pachaiappan, R.; Fincato, P.; Blanco, E.; Costa, A.; De Gara, L.; Bellin, D.; Concetto de Pinto, M.; Vandelle, E.: Constitutive cyclic GMP accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana compromises systemic acquired resistance induced by an avirulent pathogen by modulating local signals. Scientific Reports 6, 36423 (2016 ...
Summary of work for this project as indicated on the report: Evidence for a new type of PGE1 receptor coupled to cGMP accumulation was obtained. Cell lines with PGE1 receptors coupled only to cAMP were found as well as cell lines with 2 species of PGE1 receptors, one coupled to cAMP accumulation, the other to cGMP accumulation. The 2 species of PGE1 receptors also desensitize at different rates. These results show that the coupling of PGE1 to increases in cAMP and cGMP levels are clonally inherited properties which can be expressed independently ...
The content of MACS GMP Rapamycin is sufficient to result in a 100 nM ready-to-use Treg expansion medium in combination with TexMACS™ GMP Medium (2000 mL). | USA
/PRNewswire/ -- The Managing GMP Compliance and Phase Appropriate GMP Considerations for Virtual Companies conference has been added to...
GMP Labels help you comply with GMP, QSR & ISO requirements. Clearly identify various stages of your production, manufacturing and testing process.
IC87201, an inhibitor of PSD95-nNOS protein-protein interactions, suppresses NMDAR-dependent NO and cGMP formation....Quality confirmed by NMR,HPLC & MS.
use Math::Prime::Util::GMP :all; my $n = 115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639937; # This doesnt impact the operation of the module at all, but does let you # enter big number arguments directly as well as enter (e.g.): 2**2048 + 1. use bigint; # These return 0 for composite, 2 for prime, and 1 for probably prime # Numbers under 2^64 will return 0 or 2. # is_prob_prime does a BPSW primality test for numbers , 2^64 # is_prime adds some MR tests and a quick test to try to prove the result # is_provable_prime will spend a lot of effort on proving primality say $n is probably prime if is_prob_prime($n); say $n is , qw(composite prob_prime def_prime)[is_prime($n)]; say $n is definitely prime if is_provable_prime($n) == 2; # Miller-Rabin and strong Lucas-Selfridge pseudoprime tests say $n is a prime or spsp-2/7/61 if is_strong_pseudoprime($n, 2, 7, 61); say $n is a prime or slpsp if is_strong_lucas_pseudoprime($n); say $n is a prime or eslpsp if ...
My illustrious colleague at Worthing, MR, has asked if we could start to build a collection of GMP presentations/questions for sharing on this forum.( He has promised to join the forum soon!!). Look forward to seeing how others cover this as it helps to improve our own training. Many thanks!
cGMP Safe Deposit Facility from European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC),cGMP Safe Deposit Service ECACC is able to accept cell lines produced according to the requirements of cGMP for cryo-storage. The cell lines must be accompanied by a certificate to confirm they have been produced in accordance with the requirements of cGMP and that they have been tested for freed,biological,biology supply,biology supplies,biology product
Naobios expertise handling virus-based medicines stems from 15+ years using various cell processes and technologies. Our R&D and GMP services help deliver the best version of your product under the scope of our GMP license.
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We follow current GMP.. For us, every project is important whether it is compendial testing or non- compendial testing. We ensure to live up to clients expectations for the project and deliver the project according to pre-decided timeline ...
در تحقیق حاضر، به منظور ارزیابی شاخص های تحمل به خشکی در ارقام کلزا و ارتباط آن ها با نشانگر های ISSR، 12 ژنوتیپ با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 سطح آبیاری (شاهد و آبیاری بعد از تخلیه 60 و 85 درصد رطوبت) در گلخانه ی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ارزیابی ژنوتیپ ها از نظر تحمل به خشکی توسط شاخص های کمی شامل میانگین حسابی (MP)، میانگین هندسی (GMP)، حساسیت به تنش (SSI)، تحمل به تنش (STI) و شاخص تحمل (TOL) صورت گرفت. تجزیه واریانس در هر پنج شاخص محاسبه شده مورد بررسی بر اساس طرح کاملا تصادفی در دو سطح تنش، بین ارقام اختلاف معنی دار ...
AASraw ontziratu gabeko produkziorako fabrikatzailea da (2701-50-0) CGMP araudiaren arabera, eta lineako salmentak eskaintzen ditu, kimiko sintetikoak eta pertsonalizatuak,
This study shows that in vitro exposure to high glucose (i.e., 25 mmol/L) of platelets from healthy subjects reduces the antiaggregating action of aspirin, an effect blunted by the antioxidant agent amifostine. It also shows that high glucose does not affect the ability of aspirin to inhibit thromboxane synthesis but impairs the ability of aspirin to activate the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. Furthermore, it demonstrates that high glucose per se does not influence platelet aggregation in response to agonists, thromboxane synthesis, and the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway.. Thus, high glucose reduces the antiaggregating properties of aspirin only at very high concentrations; the extent of inhibition, although significant, is modest. In our experimental conditions, we did not observe the dramatic dose-dependent inhibition of platelet sensitivity to aspirin described by other authors (17,19).. Is it possible to translate results obtained in vitro to in vivo conditions? It is interesting to observe that the lack of ...
Previous studies suggested that salt-induced hypertension that develops in DS rats may be related to an inability of their renal vasculature to dilate in response to salt feeding.4 5 These earlier studies showed that compared with DR rats, DS rats have little or no reduction in RVR in response to a high salt diet before an increased TPR and hypertension develop. The renal vasculature of DS rats was hyperresponsive to the vasoconstrictors norepinephrine and angiotensin II.6 In contrast, intravenous administration of ANP or NP, vasodilators whose action depends on the production of cGMP, failed to reduce RVR in DS rats.6 The current study was designed to assess the role of cGMP production in the ability of kidneys of DR rats to vasodilate and to determine whether a deficient generation of cGMP may exist in DS rats. ANP is thought to cause renal vasodilation by activating a non-heme-containing transmembrane protein with a single subunit, so-called particulate guanylate cyclase. ANP binds to ...
Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels mediate the transduction of light signals to electrical signals in vertebrate photoreceptors. These channels are non-selective for cations and open upon cGMP binding. The intracellular cGMP concentration is elevated in darkness, and the current through CNG channels maintains the membrane of the rod photoreceptor at around -40 mV. When light enters the retina, it triggers a signal transduction cascade that decreases intracellular cGMP, and therefore CNG channels close. A reduction in CNG current hyperpolarizes the rod. Two molecular mechanisms are crucial for the proper physiological function of retinal CNG channels. First, block of these channels by physiological agents reduces membrane noise in rods. This feature enables rods to detect photons with high sensitivity. Second, CNG channels must be able to conduct current in response to the light-triggered changes in intracellular cGMP. In other words, they should open and close gradually in response to cGMP
In enzymology, diguanylate cyclase, also known as diguanylate kinase (EC 2.7.7.65), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: 2 Guanosine triphosphate ↔ 2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3,5-guanylate The substrates of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) are two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the products are two molecules of diphosphate and one molecule of cyclic di-3,5-guanylate (cyclic di-GMP). Degradation of cyclic di-GMP to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is catalyzed by a phosphodiesterase (PDE). Diguanylate cyclases are characterized by the conserved amino acid sequence motifs GGDEF (Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe) or GGEEF (Gly-Gly-Glu-Glu-Phe), which constitute the domain of the DGC active site. These domains are often found coupled to other signaling domains within multidomain proteins. Often, GGDEF domains with DGC activity are found in the same proteins as c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) EAL (Glu-Ala-Leu) domains. DGC is thought to only be active as a dimer consisting ...
Cyclic GMP is synthesized in endothelial cells following ANP activation of the particulate guanylate cyclase GC-A, and also after NO-dependent activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase. The relative contributions of ANP- and NO-modulated changes in cGMP-mediated pathways are incompletely understood. We designed duplex siRNA targeting constructs to knock down selected signaling proteins in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), and explored receptor-mediated changes in cGMP pathways. ANP activation of the GC-A receptor led to an increase in intracellular cGMP content (determined by EIA) that was rapid (,2min); dose-dependent (EC50 1 nM); and robust (600-fold increase; n=3-4; all p values ,0.001). By contrast, activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide agonists led only to a weak (,2-fold) transient increase in endothelial cell cGMP. Increases in cGMP lead to phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). ANP markedly stimulated phosphorylation of VASP Ser239, ...
The report by Castro et al demonstrates that PKG activation in response to ANP activation of pGC elicits a strong feed-forward mechanism that further enhances cGMP production in the subsarcolemmal pool (Figure). The protein target of PKG that elicits this effect is unknown. Notably, this is the first feed-forward effect to be defined for cGMP signaling in any tissue. Surprisingly, it appears that there is little activation of PDE2 activity through cGMP binding to its allosteric sites, which should counter the effect, and the mechanism for terminating the feed-forward signal is not determined. Moreover, the mechanism whereby PDE2 is selectively localized to this cGMP pool is unknown.. In contrast, increased cGMP production by NO-GC elicits the opposite effect on cGMP levels by activating a negative-feedback regulation of cytosolic cGMP; this is mediated by activation of PKG, which phosphorylates and activates PDE5. The resulting increased cGMP breakdown blunts further elevation of cGMP and lowers ...
The beneficial cardiovascular effects of aspirin are generally attributed to its immediate platelet inhibitory function. However, accumulating evidence suggests that aspirin may have additional biological properties on the vasculature that contribute to the reduction of ischemic cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis.29,30⇓ These possible nonplatelet-mediated effects include the attenuation of atherosclerosis attributable to inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation,31 reduction in proinflammatory mediators,32 or improvement of endothelial dysfunction.33 Recent work by different groups has revealed that aspirin is capable of directly protecting the endothelium from the deleterious effects of oxidant stress.7,9⇓ The underlying mechanisms have remained obscure.. The present study demonstrates that NO, which has long been known to improve endothelial dysfunction,34-36⇓⇓ is a crucial mediator of aspirin-induced endothelial cell protection. ...
The aim of todays paper was to judge the relevance of neuronal balance of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP concentration for functional regulation of nociceptor sensitivity during inflammation. the fact that hyperalgesic cytokines may activate soluble guanylate cyclase, which down-regulate the power of these chemicals to trigger hyperalgesia. This event shows up not to end up being mediated by prostaglandin or dopamine. To conclude, TWS119 the outcomes presented with this paper confirm a link between (i) hyperalgesia and raised degrees of cyclic AMP aswell as (ii) antinociception and raised degrees of cyclic GMP. The intracellular degrees of cyclic AMP that improve hyperalgesia are managed from the PDE4 isoform and appearance to bring about activation of proteins kinase A whereas the intracellular degrees of cyclic GMP outcomes from activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase. a syringe piston relocated by compressed air flow) to a location of 15?mm2 from the dorsal surface area from the hind paws of ...
Cardiac sympathetic imbalance and arrhythmia; Nitric oxide-cGMP pathway and the cholinergic modulation of cardiac excitability; Nitric oxide-cGMP pathway and the sympathetic modulation of cardiac excitability; Functional significance of nitric oxide in the autonomic regulation of cardiac excitability; Summary; References. Experimental Physiology (2001) 86.1, 1-12.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and potassium channels contribute to relaxations to nitric oxide in smooth muscle derived from canine femoral veins. AU - Bracamonte, M. P.. AU - Burnett, J. C.. AU - Miller, V. M.. PY - 1999/9/1. Y1 - 1999/9/1. N2 - Experiments were designed to examine mechanisms of relaxations to nitric oxide (NO) in venous smooth muscle. Rings of canine femoral veins without endothelium were suspended for measurement of isometric force in organ chambers. Concentration-response curves to NO and 8-Br-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were obtained in veins contracted with KCl (60 mM) or prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α); 2 x 10-6 M) in the absence and presence of inhibitors of soluble or particulate guanylate cyclase or K+ channel antagonists. In rings contracted with PGF(2α), relaxations to NO were reduced significantly by inhibition of soluble but not particulate guanylate cyclase. Relaxations to NO were reduced in rings contracted with KCl. ...
The present study demonstrates that the level of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylated at serine 239 (P-VASP) in the rabbit aortic vessel wall is an indicator of both cGK-I activity and endothelium integrity under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is now well established that the NO-cGMP pathway is a key regulator of vascular tone and that cGK-I mediates many of these NO/cGMP effects. Studies with cGK-I-deficient human cells and mice demonstrated that cGK-I ablation disrupts the NO/cGMP pathway in vascular cells and tissues.3 6 Gene-targeted loss of murine cGK-I abolished NO/cGMP-dependent relaxation of smooth muscle resulting in severe vascular and intestinal dysfunctions, whereas cAMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation was not impaired.5 6 These recent developments highlight the importance of assessing cGK expression and/or cGK activity in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. However, cGMP-independent NO effects in vascular tissues exist which are not ...
1. An assay has been developed with sufficient sensitivity for determination of the adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate diesterase activity in islets of Langerhans, and has been used to investigate the response of the enzyme to various agents which are known to affect insulin release. 2. The subcellular distribution of the enzyme in islets of Langerhans prepared from guinea-pig pancreas was investigated and over 70% of the activity present in the original homogenate was recovered in the supernatant fraction. 3. Gel filtration of the activity present in the supernatant fraction on Sephadex G-200 gave a single peak of activity with an apparent molecular weight of 200000. The phosphodiesterase activity in the peak fraction showed two apparent Km values for adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) of 3μm and 30μm, suggesting the presence of two activities. The pH optimum of the activity with the low Km value was 8.7. 4. Theophylline, caffeine, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine ...
SILDENAFIL - sildenafil tablet, film coated - - - Sildenafil tablets are indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Consistent with its known effects on the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1, 12.2)] , sildenafil tablets were shown t
Howard, E F.; Scott, D F.; and Manter, J O., Cyclic nucleotide levels in mouse mammary epithelial cells during growth arrest and growth initiation in culture. (1977). Subject Strain Bibliography 1977. 3565 ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Nucleotides function as endogenous chemical sensors for oxidative stress signaling. AU - Ihara, Hideshi. AU - Sawa, Tomohiro. AU - Nakabeppu, Yusaku. AU - Akaike, Takaaki. PY - 2011/1. Y1 - 2011/1. N2 - Oxidized and nitrated nucleotides including 8-oxogunanine and 8-nitroguanine derivatives such as 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate were generated by reactive nitrogen oxides and reactive oxygen species in cultured cells and in tissues. 8-oxoguanine and 8-nitroguanine in DNA and RNA are potentially mutagenic, and the former also induces cell death. Some derivative, 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate a major nitrated guanine nucleotide, was identified as a novel second messenger. Surprisingly, the amount of 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate generated was found to be higher than that of guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate in cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase. More important, 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate ...
The nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling appears to play a key role in inhibiting neuroinflammation and preventing the activation of a proapoptotic pathway, thereby promoting neural cell survival. In addition, evidence indicates that cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway is involved in the modulation of glial cell activity. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which hydrolyzes cGMP in the inactive form, 5ʹGMP, is present throughout the body and brain and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for diseases related to neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, since their inhibition leads to accumulation of cGMP. The objective of this chapter is to review current knowledge of NO/cGMP signaling pathways on neuroinflammation and the potential therapeutic use of PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) in neurological diseases. The extensive, while recent, literature on the effects of PDE-Is on Alzheimers disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinsons disease (PD), Huntingtons disease
Guanosine-3ʹ-5ʹ-cyclic Monophosphate, 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-, Triethylammonium Salt - Calbiochem Selective membrane-permeable activator of protein kinase G that has a higher activation potential than cGMP. - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.
Defects in phosphotransferase chemotaxis in cya and cpd mutants previously cited as evidence of a cyclic GMP or cyclic AMP intermediate in signal transduction were not reproduced in a study of chemotaxis in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In cya mutants, which lack adenylate cyclase, the addition of cyclic AMP was required for synthesis of proteins that were necessary for phosphotransferase transport and chemotaxis. However, the induced cells retained normal phosphotransferase chemotaxis after cyclic AMP was removed. Phosphotransferase chemotaxis was normal in a cpd mutant of S. typhimurium that has elevated levels of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP. S. typhimurium crr mutants are deficient in enzyme III glucose, which is a component of the glucose transport system, and a regulator of adenylate cyclase. After preincubation with cyclic AMP, the crr mutants were deficient in enzyme II glucose-mediated transport and chemotaxis, but other chemotactic responses were normal. It is concluded ...
Cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activates a signaling pathway that leads to vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation, a process that reduces blood pressure. This enzyme consists of a dimerization domain, autoinhibitory domain, regulatory domain, and catalytic domain1. PKG is activated by cGMP binding to two binding sites of the regulatory domain. In order to study how each of these two binding sites, A and B, contributes to PKG activation, a mutant that knocked out cGMP binding to the B site, PKG Iα E292A, was expressed in Sf9 cells and purified to apparent homogeneity. Despite the presence of this mutation, the affinity for cGMP determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was unchanged. The mutant still displayed cGMP dependent activation. In addition to these cGMP-binding sites, the regulatory domain contains a switch helix motif that provides a place for crosstalk between the PKG protomers2. It is not well known how this motif affects cyclic
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cyclic GMP protects human macrophages against peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis. AU - Shaw, C.A.a. AU - Webb, D.J.a. AU - Rossi, A.G.b. AU - Megson, Ian. N1 - cited By (since 1996)4. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - Background: Nitric oxide (NO) can be both pro- and anti-apoptotic in various cell types, including macrophages. This apparent paradox may result from the actions of NO-related species generated in the microenvironment of the cell, for example the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). In this study we have examined the ability of NO and ONOO- to evoke apoptosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages (?), and investigated whether preconditioning by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is able to limit apoptosis in this cell type. Methods: Characterisation of the NO-related species generated by (Z)-1- [2-(2-aminoethyl)-N- (2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA/NO) and 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolium, 5-amino- 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-, chloride (GEA-3162) was performed by ...
Adenosine 3ʹ,5ʹ-cyclic Monophosphate, 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-2ʹ-O-Methyl-, Sodium Salt - Calbiochem A potent, cell-permeable, and specific activator of the exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP (EPAC). - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.
Cellular physiology of vertebrate retina Light falling on the retina excites a photopigment (rhodopsin), which then triggers an enzymatic cascade in the rod and cone photoreceptors . This cascade reduces the intracellular cGMP concentration and decreases the conductance of the photoreceptor plasma membrane. We use a variety of techniques, including intracellular and extracellular recording, patch-clamp, and fluorescent dye laser spot Ca2+ measurement, in order to understand how visual transduction is modulated by Ca2+ to produce adaptation to light and to darkness. We are also interested in mechanisms of photoreceptor degeneration during inherited retinal dystrophy in diseases like retinitis pigmentosa and Lebers amaurosis. Our work has shown that continuous activation of the visual cascade is the cause of apoptosis in some of these disorders, and that cell death is probably triggered by a prolonged decrease in Ca2+ concentration. Increases in Ca2+ can also trigger apoptosis--the photoreceptor ...
cGMP is a common regulator of ion channel conductance, glycogenolysis, and cellular apoptosis. It also relaxes smooth muscle tissues. In blood vessels, relaxation of vascular smooth muscles lead to vasodilation and increased blood flow. cGMP is a secondary messenger in phototransduction in the eye. In the photoreceptors of the mammalian eye, the presence of light activates phosphodiesterase, which degrades cGMP. The sodium ion channels in photoreceptors are cGMP-gated, so degradation of cGMP causes sodium channels to close, which leads to the hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors plasma membrane and ultimately to visual information being sent to the brain.[2]. cGMP is also seen to mediate the switching on of the attraction of apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in cortical layer V towards semaphorin-3A (Sema3a).[3] Whereas the axons of pyramidal cells are repelled by Sema3a, the apical dendrites are attracted to it. The attraction is mediated by the increased levels of soluble guanylate ...
Right up until the late twentieth century, small was recognized with regards to the mode of action on the nitrate medicines beyond The reality that they appeared to cause vasodilatation by way of vascular smooth muscle mass leisure. Even so, in 1977 the pharmacologist Ferid Murad and colleagues [nine] showed that nitrate software induced stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase derived from rat liver and bovine tracheal easy muscle mass. In turn, this brought about a rise in the second messenger cGMP stages, which induced vascular rest. They suggested that the cGMP activation may possibly occur via NO because they had also discovered that NO by itself elevated guanylyl cyclase exercise [nine, ten ...
Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) show neurological impairment in specific tasks to which selective regional alterations in blood flow (BF) could contribute. Arterial spin labeling (ASL), a non-invasive magnetic resonance technique, quantitatively measures cerebral perfusion. We analyzed BF by ASL in different brain areas of controls and cirrhotic patients without and with MHE. We found that BF is more affected in cerebellum than in other areas of cirrhotic patients and that BF determination in cerebellum using ASL may detect MHE earlier than the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score battery. Altered nitric oxide-cGMP pathway seems to be associated to altered BF in cerebellum ...
Author Summary Malaria parasites are single celled organisms, which must alternate between vertebrate and mosquito hosts to survive and spread. In both hosts, certain parasite stages can glide through tissues and invade cells. Many components of the molecular motor that powers gliding and invasion are known and we have a good idea how these may interact to generate force. It is less well understood how the motor is assembled and how its component parts are regulated to switch it on and off. We have begun to address these questions in the ookinete, a parasite stage, which forms in the blood meal of a mosquito and relies on gliding to penetrate the gut wall. Using a malaria parasite of rodents, we have examined the effect of deleting candidate genes involved in controlling levels of the intracellular signalling molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). We show that the right balance between cGMP production and degradation is important for ookinetes to glide, while also maintaining their typical cell
НИИ атеросклероза: научные исследования, публикации сотрудников института (abstracts, full-text.), дискуссионный клуб, посвященный вопросам механизмов атерогенеза.
To date, just one structural class of cyclic nucleotide receptors has been characterized, that comprises the bacterial CAP (McKay and Steitz, 1981), the cyclic nucleotide‐regulated protein kinases PKG and PKA (Weber et al., 1989; Su et al., 1995) and the cyclic nucleotide‐gated ion channels (Altenhofen et al., 1991; Kumar and Weber, 1992). This class has been referred to as the cNMP domain family (Schultz et al., 1998). The GAF domains of the cGMP‐regulated PDEs represented a potentially different class of cyclic nucleotide receptors, since they lacked any sequence homology to the cNMP motif. The structure of the YKG9 protein shows no similarity to the cNMP domain and thus establishes beyond any doubt that there are at least two entirely different structural classes of cyclic nucleotide receptors.. The YKG9 structure provides a three‐dimensional template for modeling other GAF domains, including those of the PDEs. The use of multiple threading alignment based on the solved structure ...
3′,5′-Cyclic GMP spontaneously nonenzymatically polymerizes in a base-catalyzed reaction affording G oligonucleotides. When reacted with fully or partially sequence-complementary RNA (oligo C), the abiotically generated oligo G RNA displays a typical ribozyme activity consisting of terminal ligation accompanied by cleavage of an internal phosphate site of the donor oligonucleotide stem upon attack of the acceptor 3′ terminal OH. This reaction is dubbed Ligation following Intermolecular Cleavage (LIC). In a prebiotic perspective, the ability of oligo G polynucleotides to react with other sequences outlines a simple and possible evolutionary scenario based on the autocatalytic properties of RNA.
While human and mouse genetics consistently have unveiled various physiological roles of members of the pGC family, overall the mode of ligand‐dependent as well as ligand‐independent activation of these transmembrane enzymes leading to intracellular cGMP synthesis remains enigmatic. The intracellular region of pGCs consists of a juxtamembranous protein kinase-homology domain, an amphipathic α‐helical or hinge region, and the C‐terminal cyclase catalytic domain (Fig 1) (reviewed by Potter, 2011). The hinge region is involved in higher order oligomerization. Hence, although pGCs contain a single cyclase site per polypeptide chain, receptor dimerization is essential for the activation of this cGMP‐synthesizing domain (Potter, 2011). The crystal structures of the extracellular domain of GC‐A, in complex with atrial natriuretic peptide, or in absence of the ligand, suggested that hormone binding induces a rotation of the juxtamembrane domains, which is transmitted across the ...
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Chronic damage to pulmonary vessels leads to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Different forms of PH are quite frequent and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment of PH is most successful, if its cause can be identified and removed before irreversible damage to the pulmonary vascular bed occurs. For patients, in whom the elimination of the underlying cause is not possible or where the cause is unknown, the treatment is aimed at reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance and improvement of cardiac and circulatory response to pressure overload of the right ventricle. One option for the PH treatment is modification of metabolism of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP), which is the second messenger of nitric oxide and induces vascular vasodilation. Cyclic GMP is degraded by phosphodiesterases (PDE 5). In the clinical part, we tested the hypothesis that acute inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil provides more selective pulmonary vasodilation than high doses of prostaglandin E1 ...
A large body of evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) essentially contribute to the processing of nociceptive signals in the spinal cord. Many animal studies have unanimously shown that inhibition of NO or cGMP synthesis can considerably reduce both infl …
Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Host defense and oxidative stress signaling in bacterial infection AU - Akaike, Takaaki. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during infection are involved critically in host defense mechanisms. It is quite important to physiologically regulate ROS, such as superoxide, and NO. These reactive species produced in excess may cause oxidative damage of biological molecules. An important cytoprotective and antimicrobial function of NO and ROS is mediated by induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The signaling mechanism of this HO-1 induction has remained unclear, however. We discovered in 2007 a unique second messenger, 8-nitroguanosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), that mediates electrophilic signal transduction during oxidative stress and other cellular redox signaling in general. 8-Nitro-cGMP is formed via guanine nitration with NO and ROS, and in fact, NO-dependent 8-nitro-cGMP formation and HO-1 induction were identified ...
Myc-DDK-tagged ORF clone of Homo sapiens guanosine monophosphate reductase 2 (GMPR2), transcript variant 4 as transfection-ready DNA - 10 µg - OriGene - cdna clones
23-c-di-AMP, a synthetic STING agonist, is a more potent immunostimulant in mammals than the natural bacterial cyclic dinucleotide 33-c-di-AMP. At low concentrations, the synthetic analog induces higher levels of type I IFNs than does c-di-AMP.
The production of animal feed is a shared responsibility of the entire feed chain. Companies can display their safe, and responsible practice with GMP+ certification. Participating companies can access GMP+ International courses, numerous sources of information and tools. About GMP+ International. ...
Vega Extra 120 Mg for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Vega Extra 120 Mg is a reversible selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) PDE5.
110345-37-4 - VJLCRYXVRYNFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 4-Morpholinepropanol, alpha-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-beta-phenyl-, hydrochloride - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
We are a GLP and GMP certified EU-located company providing testing specialized in molecular genetic based methods (NAT - nucleic acid tests). Our typical partners are general CROs outsourcing their DNA/RNA-based tests elsewhere. For (pre)clinical trials, we offer tailored analytical methods according to CROs´ demands. We also provide QC for batch release for pharma products as well (GMP testing).. Regarding biological drugs such as gene therapy compounds, biomolecules, vaccines, etc., GENERI BIOTECH covers all stages of development of a new drug - beginning with drug discovery via GLP preclinical testing phase up to later clinical tests.. When the development is successfully concluded, we provide DNA/RNA-based testing for the manufactured pharmaceutical cGMP.. ...
... to be regulated by cyclic di-GMP. Riboswitches called the cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch and cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch regulate ... Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety ... The PilZ domain has been shown to bind cyclic di-GMP and is believed to be involved in cyclic di-GMP-dependent regulation, but ... Some diguanylate cyclase enzymes are allosterically inhibited by cyclic di-GMP. Cyclic di-GMP levels regulate other processes ...
May 2013). "Cyclic [G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] is the metazoan second messenger produced by DNA-activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase". ... Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, Chen C, Chen ZJ (February 2013). "Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate ... The human gene encoding cGAS is MB21D1 on chromosome 6. Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ (February 2013). "Cyclic GMP-AMP ... Zhang X, Shi H, Wu J, Zhang X, Sun L, Chen C, Chen ZJ (July 2013). "Cyclic GMP-AMP containing mixed phosphodiester linkages is ...
... cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, cyclic 3′,5′-GMP phosphodiesterase, cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase, ... Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 334: 368-377. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(74)90180-6. Portal: ... The systematic name is 3′,5′-cyclic-GMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase. Other names in common use include guanosine cyclic 3',5'- ... The enzyme 3′,5′-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.35) catalyzes the reaction guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate + H2O ⇌ {\ ...
A second class of riboswitch that binds cyclic di-GMP is called the cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch. The two classes of cyclic di- ... some bacteria in which cyclic di-GMP has been studied lack cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic di ... Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are a class of riboswitch that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, which is a second messenger that ... Page for Cyclic_di-GMP_riboswitch at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Cis-regulatory RNA elements, Riboswitch, All stub articles ...
... es (also c-di-GMP-II riboswitches) form a class of riboswitches that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP ... Cyclic di-GMP II riboswitches are structurally unrelated to cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches, though they have the same function. ... There is significant overlap between species that use cyclic di-GMP-I and cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches, as both riboswitch ... Page for Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Cis-regulatory RNA elements, Riboswitch, All stub ...
Guanylyl cyclases and signaling by cyclic GMP. Pharmacological reviews, 52(3), 375-414.Guanylyl cyclases and cyclic GMP, ... SA Waldman, Cyclic GMP synthesis and function, Pharmacological Reviews 39, 163-196 (1987) According to Google Scholar, this ... Waldman, S. A.; Murad, F. (1987). "Cyclic GMP synthesis and function". Pharmacological Reviews. 39 (3): 163-196. ISSN 0031-6997 ... Atrial natriuretic factor selectively activates particulate guanylate cyclase and elevates cyclic GMP in rat tissues./ Journal ...
"Guanylyl cyclases and signaling by cyclic GMP". Pharmacol. Rev. 52 (3): 375-414. PMID 10977868. Chhajlani V, Frändberg PA, ...
... cyclic di-GMP). Degradation of cyclic di-GMP to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is catalyzed by a phosphodiesterase (PDE). ... Cyclic di-GMP binds to interface between the DGC and D2 domains stabilizing the open structure and preventing catalysis. Strong ... Jenal U, Malone J (2006). "Mechanisms of cyclic-di-GMP signaling in bacteria". Annual Review of Genetics. 40: 385-407. doi: ... D'Argenio DA, Miller SI (August 2004). "Cyclic di-GMP as a bacterial second messenger". Microbiology. 150 (Pt 8): 2497-502. doi ...
Jenal, Urs; Reinders, Alberto; Lori, Christian (6 February 2017). "Cyclic di-GMP: second messenger extraordinaire" (PDF). ... "Cyclic di-GMP acts as a cell cycle oscillator to drive chromosome replication" (PDF). Nature. 523 (7559): 236-239. Bibcode: ... Jenal received international acclaim through his discovery of a new signalling network, which is based on the cyclic di- ... With the model bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, Jenal discovered that c-di-GMP controls the transition from motile bacteria to ...
Zimmerman, A. L.; Baylor, D. A. (May 1986). "Cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance of retinal rods consists of aqueous pores". ... Burns, Marie E.; Mendez, Ana; Chen, Jeannie; Baylor, Denis A. (September 2002). "Dynamics of Cyclic GMP Synthesis in Retinal ...
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGAS gene. It's an enzyme, a nucleotidyltransferase, a ... "CGAS cyclic GMP-AMP synthase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Retrieved 2020-09-12. PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure ... information available in the PDB for Human Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (MB21D1) v t e (Genes on human chromosome 6, All stub ... cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164430 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ...
Yau KW, Baylor DA (1989). "Cyclic GMP-activated conductance of retinal photoreceptor cells". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 12 ... "Cyclic GMP-activated conductance of retinal photoreceptor cells", 590 citations 1990 "Primary structure and functional ... Dhallan RS, Yau KW, Schrader KA, Reed RR (1990). "Primary structure and functional expression of a cyclic nucleotide-activated ... expression of a cyclic nucleotide-activated channel from olfactory neurons", 672 citations 1998 "Identification of ligands for ...
A gating loop in BcsA closes over the channel; it opens when cyclic di-GMP is bound to the enzyme. In plants, cellulose is ... At the C-terminal end is a PilZ domain conserved in bacteria, which forms part of the cyclic di-GMP binding surface together ... Divisions for other models, such as 4hg6, follow similarly.) The enzyme is stimulated by cyclic di-GMP. In vivo but not in ... Morgan JL, McNamara JT, Zimmer J (May 2014). "Mechanism of activation of bacterial cellulose synthase by cyclic di-GMP". Nature ...
... (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) is the first cyclic di-nucleotide found in ... May 3, 2013). "Cyclic [G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] Is the Metazoan Second Messenger Produced by DNA-Activated Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase ... Wu, J; Sun, L; Chen, X; Du, F; Shi, H; Chen, C; Chen, ZJ (Dec 20, 2012). "Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in ... Sun, L; Wu, J; Du, F; Chen, X; Chen, ZJ (Dec 20, 2012). "Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the ...
This increases biosynthesis of cyclic GMP, resulting in vasodilation. Riociguat, another drug stimulating sGC, but with a ... reducing cyclic GMP degradation. Schubert-Zsilavecz, M, Wurglics, M, Neue Arzneimittel 2009 v t e (Drugs not assigned an ATC ...
... cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine pentaphosphate ((p)ppGpp), and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP). c-di-AMP is a ... Cyclic di-GMP Dey B, Dey RJ, Cheung LS, Pokkali S, Guo H, Lee JH, Bishai WR (April 2015). "A bacterial cyclic dinucleotide ... December 2012). "The helicase DDX41 recognizes the bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a ... September 2011). "STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP". Nature. 478 (7370): 515-8. Bibcode:2011Natur.478.. ...
Two classes of cyclic di-GMP riboswitches are known: cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches and cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches. These ... cyclic AMP-GMP riboswitches bind the signaling molecule cyclic AMP-GMP. These riboswitches are structurally related to cyclic ... "cyclic di-GMP" below). cyclic di-AMP riboswitches (also called ydaO/yuaA) bind the signaling molecule cyclic di-AMP. cyclic di- ... GMP riboswitches bind the signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP in order to regulate a variety of genes controlled by this second ...
"Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype". Journal of Vascular Research. 34 (4): 245 ... cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In H 2S therapy immediately following an AMI, increased cGMP triggers an increase in ...
Vrolix, M; Raeymaekers, L; Wuytack, F; Hofmann, F; Casteels, R (Nov 1, 1988). "Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates ... Nicorandil stimulates guanylate cyclase to increase formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP). cGMP activates protein kinase G (PKG), ... "Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway inhibits RhoA-induced Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in vascular ...
... cyclic GMP-AMP, or cGAMP). After cyclic GMP-AMP bound STING is activated, it enhances TBK1's activity to phosphorylate IRF3 and ... Shu C, Yi G, Watts T, Kao CC, Li P (Jul 2012). "Structure of STING bound to cyclic di-GMP reveals the mechanism of cyclic ... Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, Chen C, Chen ZJ (Feb 2013). "Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate ... Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ (Feb 2013). "Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I ...
A Purkinje cell substrate of the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (6): 3485-95. ...
"Enzymic basis for cyclic GMP accumulation in degenerative photoreceptor cells of mouse retina". Journal of Cyclic Nucleotide ... Anant JS, Ong OC, Xie HY, Clarke S, O'Brien PJ, Fung BK (Jan 1992). "In vivo differential prenylation of retinal cyclic GMP ... Organization of the gene for the beta-subunit of human photoreceptor cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase]". Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia ... Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta is the beta subunit of the protein complex PDE6 that is encoded ...
Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in cell signaling and drug development". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2003-11. ... Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is abundant in the pulmonary tissue, hydrolyzes the cyclic bond of cGMP. Consequently, ... This sends a signal to increase adenylate cyclase activity, which leads to increased synthesis of cyclic adenosine ... leading to increased formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The cGMP then ...
"A Cyclic GMP-Dependent K + Channel in the Blastocladiomycete Fungus Blastocladiella emersonii". Eukaryotic Cell. 14 (9): 958- ... "The evolution of phototransduction from an ancestral cyclic nucleotide gated pathway". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: ...
Lei S, Jackson MF, Jia Z, Roder J, Bai D, Orser BA, MacDonald JF (June 2000). "Cyclic GMP-dependent feedback inhibition of AMPA ...
... 's function is related to two substances: cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. They are derivatives of ATP and GTP, respectively, ... Mattsson, Hillevi (1980). "Bicyclic phosphates increase the cyclic GMP level in rat cerebellum, presumably due to reduced GABA ... GMP levels for all doses were relatively similar. They spiked after dosage, but each dose produced a similar sized spike. AMP ... Through testing a variety of doses of IPTBO on mice, researchers were able to study the corresponding effect on AMP and GMP ...
... cyclic di-GMP. At low cyclic di-GMP concentration, P. aeruginosa has a free-swimming mode of life. But when cyclic di-GMP ... and cyclic di-GMP form a positive feedback loop. PSL stimulates cyclic di-GMP production, while high cyclic di-GMP turns on the ... The intracellular concentration of cyclic di-GMP increases within seconds when P. aeruginosa touches a surface (e.g.: a rock, ... Recent studies have shown that the dispersed cells from P. aeruginosa biofilms have lower cyclic di-GMP levels and different ...
GMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as cyclic GMP. Within certain cells the enzyme guanylyl cyclase makes cGMP from ... GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleoside ... Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide ... As an acyl substituent, it takes the form of the prefix guanylyl-. GMP synthesis starts with D-ribose 5′-phosphate, a product ...
"Nitric Oxide Regulation of Cyclic di-GMP Synthesis and Hydrolysis inShewanella woodyi". Biochemistry. 51 (10): 2087-2099. doi: ...
Cyclic-di-GMP signaling had also been involved in the regulation of antimicrobial peptide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ... May 2013). "Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric GMP regulates antimicrobial peptide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Antimicrobial ... oral cyclic peptide Telavancin, bacterial infection, IV Vancomycin, bacterial infection, IV. Guavanin 2, bacterial infection ... cyclic peptide) Dalbavancin, bacterial infections, IV Daptomycin, bacterial infections, IV Enfuvirtide, HIV, subcutaneous ...
... increases cyclic GMP levels in the brain and liver by activation of guanylate cyclase. Sodium azide solutions ... Kimura, Hiroshi; Mittal, Chandra K.; Murad, Ferid (1975-10-23). "Increases in cyclic GMP levels in brain and liver with sodium ...
"A Bacteriophytochrome Mediates Interplay between Light Sensing and the Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP to Control Social ... A Bacteriophytochrome Mediates Interplay between Light Sensing and the Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP to Control Social ...
... an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction". ...
However, since some known cis-regulatory RNAs, e.g., cyclic di-GMP riboswitches do control a wide variety of genes, it is ...
... cyclic di-guanylate (GMP) synthetase and cyclic di-GMP hydrolase catalytic domains, as well as various non-catalytic domains ( ... The Kinase/Phosphatase/Cyclic-GMP Synthase/Cyclic di-GMP Hydrolase (KPSH) Family The first identified substrates for the ...
GMP) library contains a mpz_powm() function [5] to perform modular exponentiation Custom Function @PowerMod() for FileMaker Pro ... mod c Diffie-Hellman key exchange uses exponentiation in finite cyclic groups. The above methods for modular matrix ...
Cyclic GMP possibly opens cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) K+-selective channels, thereby causing hyperpolarization of the ... Yoshida, M., Inaba, K., Ishida, K. and Morisawa, M. (1994) Calcium and cyclic AMP mediate sperm activation, but Ca2+ alone ... On hyperpolarization, hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels allow the influx of Na+ that leads ... The consequential hyperpolarization activates hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. The ...
... cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in human epithelial cells expressing the FLT-1 receptor". Growth Factors. 19 (3): 193-206. doi: ...
"Synergism between calcium and cyclic GMP in cyclic AMP response element-dependent transcriptional regulation requires ... Hoeffler JP, Meyer TE, Yun Y, Jameson JL, Habener JF (Dec 1988). "Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein: structure based on ... Pandey SC (Oct 2004). "The gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein: role in positive and ...
... since both NO and PDE5 inhibitors increase cyclic GMP levels and the sum of their pharmacodynamic effects will greatly exceed ...
... cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthase * * No Wikipedia article EC 6.6.1.1: magnesium chelatase EC 6.6.1.2: cobaltochelatase EC ... GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) EC 6.3.4.2: CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) EC 6.3.4.3: formate-tetrahydrofolate ... GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) EC 6.3.5.3: phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase EC 6.3.5.4: asparagine synthase ( ...
"Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of the rod photoreceptor cyclic GMP-gated channel". Nature. ... Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1, also known as CNGA1, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein. Heterologously ... Chen, T.-Y.; Peng, Y.-W.; Dhallan, R. S.; Ahamed, B.; Reed, R. R.; Yau, K.-W. (April 1993). "A new subunit of the cyclic ... "Entrez Gene: CNGA1 cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 1". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-08-02. Kaupp, U. Benjamin; ...
... inhibition with BAY 73-6691 increases corpus cavernosum relaxations mediated by nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway in mice". ... The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second ... Although PDE2 can hydrolyze both cyclic nucleotides, binding of cGMP to the regulatory GAF-B domain will increase cAMP affinity ... 1] phosphosite.org[full citation needed] Weiss,B. and Winchurch, R.A.: Analyses of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in ...
June 1996). "Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile ... Sildenafil protects cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from degradation by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in ...
... cyclic AMP 3′,5′-cyclic dAMP 3′,5′-cyclic IMP 3′,5′-cyclic GMP 3′,5′-cyclic CMP There are 11 distinct phosphodiesterase ... cyclic CMP), cyclic 3′,5-nucleotide monophosphate phosphodiesterase, nucleoside 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate diesterase, nucleoside-3 ... cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, cyclic 3′,5′-phosphodiesterase, 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, 3':5'-cyclic ... Kroll S, Phillips WJ, Cerione RA (March 1989). "The regulation of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase by the GDP-bound form of the ...
This suggests that TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 are G protein-coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclases to decrease cyclic ... GMP). These taste-enhancer molecules are unable to activate the receptor alone, but are rather used to enhance receptor ...
... which changes the conformation of the opsin GPCR leading to signal transduction cascades which causes closure of cyclic GMP- ... PDE hydrolyzes cGMP, forming GMP. This lowers the intracellular concentration of cGMP and therefore the sodium channels close. ... stopping the transformation of cGMP to GMP. This deactivation step of the phototransduction cascade (the deactivation of the G ...
"Cyclic GMP from the surrounding somatic cells regulates cyclic AMP and meiosis in the mouse oocyte". Development. 136 (11): ... Vaccari, S; Weeks JL, 2nd (September 2009). Hsieh, M; Menniti, FS; Conti, M. "Cyclic GMP signaling is involved in the ... Then, it converts adenosine triphosphate into cyclic AMP, which activates Protein kinase A. PKA leads to protein tyrosine ...
... a ubiquitous signaling motif and a new class of cyclic GMP receptor". The EMBO Journal. 19 (20): 5288-99. doi:10.1093/emboj/ ... In mammals, GAF domains are found in five members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase superfamily: PDE2, PDE5, and PDE6 ...
In addition, nucleotides participate in cell signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate or cGMP and cyclic adenosine ... AMP and GMP are subsequently synthesized from this intermediate via separate, two-step pathways. Thus, purine moieties are ... Signaling cyclic nucleotides are formed by binding the phosphate group twice to the same sugar molecule, bridging the 5'- and 3 ... Uric acid is formed when GMP is split into the base guanine and ribose. Guanine is deaminated to xanthine which in turn is ...
... group at the Biozentrum in Basel is studying the mechanisms of signal transduction of the messenger substrate cyclic di-GMP and ...
Assay Kit for studying Cyclic GMP in the research area. ... Cyclic GMP XP® Chemiluminescent Assay Kit Cyclic GMP XP® ... Cyclic GMP XP® Chemiluminescent Assay Kit 8020. Toggle Between Dark and Light Modes Filter: * ... The Cyclic GMP XP® Chemiluminescent Assay Kit is a competition enzyme-linked immunoassay used to determine cGMP levels in cells ... Figure 1: cGMP Standard was diluted in 1X Cell Lysis Buffer #9803 and samples were assayed following the Cyclic GMP XP® ...
Compare Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits and find the right product on antibodies-online.com. ... Order Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits for many Reactivities. ... Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits by Method Type. Find Cyclic GMP ELISA ... Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits by Reactivity. Find Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits for a variety of species such as anti-Chemical Cyclic GMP, anti ... Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits by Sample. Find Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits with a specific Sample. The Sample listed below are among those ...
Among these receptors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has been identified as a major and universal cytosolic DNA sensor that is ... Among these receptors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has been identified as a major and universal cytosolic DNA sensor that is ... More information: Xinyue Tao et al, Ku proteins promote DNA binding and condensation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, Cell Reports ( ... Researchers identify Ku proteins as new co-sensors of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. by Zhang Nannan, Chinese Academy of Sciences ...
The importance of cyclic nucleotides (cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP) in the development of malignant disease. ...
... markedly and transiently stimulated the production of cyclic GMP without affecting that of cyclic AMP. Treatment of endothelial ... The production of cyclic GMP evoked by oxytocin was inhibited selectively by [d(CH2)5, Tyr(OMe)2, Orn8]-vasotocin, an oxytocin ... The production of cyclic GMP evoked by Arg-vasopressin and substance P was inhibited selectively by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine ... The production of cyclic GMP evoked by Arg-vasopressin and Lys-vasopressin was inhibited by [beta-mercapto-beta, beta- ...
Anti-Cyclic GMP Antibody quantity. Add to cart. SKU: 28102 Categories: Antibody Products, Neuroscience and Signal Transduction ... Product Name Anti-Cyclic GMP Antibody (28102). Description Anti-Cyclic GMP Sheep Polyclonal Antibody ... Specificity This antibody reacts specifically with cyclic GMP.. Target ID Cyclic GMP ...
Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that controls the switch from a single- ... Solution structure of the PilZ domain protein PA4608 complex with cyclic di-GMP identifies charge clustering as molecular ... Solution structure of the PilZ domain protein PA4608 complex with cyclic di-GMP identifies charge clustering as molecular ... c-di-GMP binds as an intercalated, symmetric dimer to one side of the ?-barrel, thereby displacing the C-terminal helix of the ...
Cyclic GMP Direct ELISA Kits Have a question? Need help with an order?. Reach out! Were available by email or phone and can ... Cyclic Nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) Assays and Capture ELISA for Quantitative Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum Blood-stage ...
Phospholipase A2 modulation of cyclic GMP metabolism: activation of guanylate cyclase. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & ...
Our results indicate that azathioprine can prevent biofilm formation in E. coli through inhibition of c-di-GMP biosynthesis and ... was able to inhibit WspR-dependent c-di-GMP biosynthesis in bacterial cells. However, in vitro enzymatic assays ruled out ... which suggests that inhibition of c-di-GMP biosynthesis by azathioprine may be due to perturbation of intracellular nucleotide ... suggesting efficient inhibition of c-di-GMP biosynthesis in this bacterium. ...
2P236 Directional reversal of electrotactic movements in cyclic GMP metabolic mutants(39. Cell motility,Poster Session,Abstract ...
Little is known about how extracellular signals modulate c-di-GMP metabolism to control T3SSs. Here is the answer. ... Cyclic di-GMP transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses to modulate important biological processes. ... Cyclic di-GMP is central to the function of T3SSs. Cyclic di-GMP transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses ... Cyclic di-GMP is central to the function of T3SSs. Cyclic di-GMP transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses ...
We found that this phenomenon is caused not by telomere shortening, but by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizing cytosolic ... Dysfunctional telomeres trigger cellular senescence mediated by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase.. Abdisalaam, Salim; Bhattacharya, ...
Cyclic AMP / pharmacology * Cyclic GMP / pharmacology * Hippocampus / cytology * Hippocampus / drug effects * Hippocampus / ... or ligand-gated calcium channel antagonists or cyclic nucleotides. In these cultures, neither omega-conotoxin, nifedipine, ... in low-density hippocampal cultures was not directly altered either by calcium channel blockers or by the addition of cyclic ...
Human Cyclic Gmp-Amp Synthase (Cgas) in Complex with 2,3-Cgamp ... The binding sites of Zinc atom in the Human Cyclic Gmp-Amp ... Zinc in PDB 5vdp: Human Cyclic Gmp-Amp Synthase (Cgas) in Complex with 2,3-Cgamp. Enzymatic activity of Human Cyclic Gmp-Amp ... The structure of Human Cyclic Gmp-Amp Synthase (Cgas) in Complex with 2,3-Cgamp, PDB code: 5vdp was solved by L.J.Byrnes, J.D ... A full contact list of Zinc with other atoms in the Zn binding site number 1 of Human Cyclic Gmp-Amp Synthase (Cgas) in Complex ...
A New Pathway of Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP Signaling InvolvingS-Nitrosoglutathione*. *B. Mayer, S. Pfeiffer, A. Schrammel, D. ...
Isosorbide dinitrate relaxes vascular smooth muscle by stimulating intracellular cyclic GMP. It decreases left ventricular ... It blocks the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel responsible for the cardiac pacemaker I(f) " ... By directly stimulating sGC, independently of and synergistically with NO, vericiguat augments levels of intracellular cyclic ... Milrinone is a type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases inotropy, chronotropy, and lusitropy, acting via cyclic ...
STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 2011 Sep 25;478(7370):515-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10429. ...
Involvement of cyclic GMP and potassium channels in relaxation evoked by the nitric oxide donor, diethylamine NONOate, in the ... Involvement of cyclic GMP and potassium channels in relaxation evoked by the nitric oxide donor, diethylamine NONOate, in the ... Analysis of Variance, Animals, Cyclic GMP, Hydrazines, Male, Mesenteric Arteries, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Nitric Oxide Donors ...
Dissociation of increases in levels of 3:5-cyclic AMP and 3:5-cyclic GMP from induction of ornithine decarboxylase by the ... Dissociation of increases in levels of 3:5-cyclic AMP and 3:5-cyclic GMP from induction of ornithine decarboxylase by the ... Radioimmunoassay for cyclic nucleotides. I. Preparation of antibodies and iodinated cyclic nucleotides. ... Guanosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate: a possible intracellular mediator of mitogenic influences in lymphocytes ...
Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases. 3,5-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. 3,5-Cyclic-AMP ...
3,5-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase;. guanosine cyclic 3,5-phosphate phosphodiesterase;. cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase;. cyclic ... rod cGMP-specific 3,5-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta. K13757 cone cGMP-specific 3,5-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit ... cGMP-specific 3,5-cyclic phosphodiesterase, invertebrate. K18438 cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3,5-cyclic phosphodiesterase ... 3,5-GMP phosphodiesterase;. cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophosphate phosphodiesterase;. cyclic guanosine 3,5-phosphate ...
Cyclic di-GMP is essential for the survival of the Lyme disease spirochete in ticksexternal icon. He M, Ouyang Z, Troxell B, Xu ...
Cyclic di-GMP Regulation of PilB in Motility and Biofilm. Yang, Z. Z. & Kelly, D. ...
When PDE5 is blocked, your body makes more cyclic GMP. And when you have more cyclic GMP, the blood vessels and muscles in your ... For ED, it works by blocking PDE5, which then increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP). The increase in cyclic GMP causes ... Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is a chemical in your body that relaxes the muscles in the penis and increases blood flow ...
cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase. (STING). Stimulator of Interferon Genes. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the ...
The family of second messengers now includes c-di-AMP and distinct versions of mixed cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) compounds. In ... A review of the roles of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) in signaling systems including transcription, ion transport, bacterial ... cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have emerged as widely used signaling molecules in most kingdoms of life. ... we will focus on recent discoveries and emerging themes that illustrate the ubiquity and versatility of cyclic dinucleotide ...
  • Among these receptors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has been identified as a major and universal cytosolic DNA sensor that is independent of specificity of DNA sequence and/or cell type. (phys.org)
  • Xinyue Tao et al, Ku proteins promote DNA binding and condensation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, Cell Reports (2022). (phys.org)
  • Dysfunctional telomeres trigger cellular senescence mediated by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that this phenomenon is caused not by telomere shortening , but by cyclic GMP -AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizing cytosolic chromatin fragments and then activating the stimulator of interferon genes ( STING ) cytosolic DNA -sensing pathway and downstream interferon signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Catalytic Mechanism of Cyclic Gmp-Amp Synthase (Cgas) and Implications For Innate Immunity and Inhibition. (atomistry.com)
  • Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase promotes the inflammatory and autophagy responses in Huntington disease. (postdocjobs.com)
  • Inside the APCs, the microbubbles release cGAMP to activate the GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which stimulates type I interferon responses that are essential for priming tumor-specific T cells. (mdanderson.org)
  • Activated cGAS catalyzes the synthesis of the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP. (phys.org)
  • Natural agonists, such as cyclic dinucleotides, activate the cGAS-STING pathway, but concerns over poor cytosolic entry, serum stability and systemic toxicity have been major limitations for clinical translation. (mdanderson.org)
  • Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that controls the switch from a single-cell lifestyle to surface-attached, multicellular communities called biofilms. (unibas.ch)
  • Adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate assay at 10-15 mole level. (wikidata.org)
  • A simple and sensitive saturation assay method for the measurement of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. (wikidata.org)
  • Vericiguat stimulates sGC, the intracellular receptor for endogenous NO, which catalyzes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production. (medscape.com)
  • c-di-AMP Fluorinated (c-di[2'FdAMP]) is a synthetic analog of cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) with a fluorine atom at 2' position of the nucleosides. (invivogen.com)
  • Its mechanism of action shows it selectively targets and inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), thereby inhibiting the PDE5-mediated degradation of cGMP found in smooth muscle in animal subjects. (blogarama.com)
  • As the first-of-its-kind platform, the Microbubble-assisted UltraSound-guided Immunotherapy of Cancer (MUSIC) approach employs nanocomplexes combined with microbubbles to effectively deliver cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), an immunotransmitter involved in anticancer immunity, into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mdanderson.org)
  • The intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP is regulated by the opposing activities of diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction. (blogarama.com)
  • Cyclic GMP is normally broken down by another chemical in the body called phosphodiesterase type 5. (cheapmeds4u.com)
  • Viagra Super Active works by preventing the action of phosphodiesterase type 5, thus stopping the breakdown of cyclic GMP. (cheapmeds4u.com)
  • Figure 1: cGMP Standard was diluted in 1X Cell Lysis Buffer #9803 and samples were assayed following the Cyclic GMP XP ® Chemiluminescent Assay Kit protocol. (cellsignal.com)
  • Figure 2: Treatment of RFL-6 cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increases cGMP concentration as detected by Cyclic GMP XP ® Chemiluminescent Assay Kit #8020. (cellsignal.com)
  • The immunosuppressive drug azathioprine inhibits biosynthesis of the bacterial signal molecule cyclic-di-GMP by interfering with intracellular nucleotide pool availability. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Azathioprine is an inhibitor of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR) transformylase, an enzyme involved in purine biosynthesis, which suggests that inhibition of c-di-GMP biosynthesis by azathioprine may be due to perturbation of intracellular nucleotide pools. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Cyclic di-GMP transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses to modulate important biological processes. (nature.com)
  • Identification of YedQ as a bile receptor in enteric pathogens including S . Typhimurium and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) suggests bile salts will induce a rise in intracellular c-di-GMP levels when these pathogens enter the host gut. (nature.com)
  • Bis(3′,5′)-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a cyclic dinucleotide that has recently been recognized as an important intracellular signaling molecule in diverse bacteria. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • PRKG1 codes for the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKGI). (lupusresearch.org)
  • Lack of association between polymorphism of the human cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase gene and obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • The production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide was assessed indirectly by the accumulation of cyclic GMP, a response that is due to the increased activity of soluble guanylate cyclase of the endothelial cells after release of the mediator. (aspetjournals.org)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Phospholipase A2 modulation of cyclic GMP metabolism: activation of guanylate cyclase. (who.int)
  • Find Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits for a variety of species such as anti-Chemical Cyclic GMP, anti-Various Species Cyclic GMP, anti-Chicken Cyclic GMP. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits with a specific Detection Method. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits with a specific Sample. (antibodies-online.com)
  • British Library EThOS: The importance of cyclic nucleotides (cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP) in the development of malignant disease. (bl.uk)
  • We have used low-density, serum-free cultures of hippocampal neurons to determine whether the neurotoxicity of A beta protein in vitro can be altered by voltage- or ligand-gated calcium channel antagonists or cyclic nucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the toxicity of beta protein in low-density hippocampal cultures was not directly altered either by calcium channel blockers or by the addition of cyclic nucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • The positive control of cell proliferation by the interplay of calcium ions and cyclic nucleotides. (wikidata.org)
  • Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity by cyclic nucleotides in the phytohemagglutinin induced lymphocyte transformation. (wikidata.org)
  • Radioimmunoassay for cyclic nucleotides. (wikidata.org)
  • I. Preparation of antibodies and iodinated cyclic nucleotides. (wikidata.org)
  • The peptide antagonists affected only minimally or not at all the production of cyclic GMP evoked by a donor of nitric oxide, SIN-1 (3-Morpholino-Sydnonimine). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Involvement of cyclic GMP and potassium channels in relaxation evoked by the nitric oxide donor, diethylamine NONOate, in the rat small isolated mesenteric artery. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2004. An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for sensitization of soluble guanylyl cyclase reveals extensive nitric oxide-mediated upregulation of cyclic GMP in insect brain. (le.ac.uk)
  • Many developing insect neurones pass through a phase when they respond to nitric oxide (NO) by producing cyclic GMP. (janelia.org)
  • In Gram-negative bacteria, production of the signal molecule c-di-GMP by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) is a key trigger for biofilm formation, which, in turn, is often required for the development of chronic bacterial infections. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Our results indicate that azathioprine can prevent biofilm formation in E. coli through inhibition of c-di-GMP biosynthesis and suggest that such inhibition might contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • In a previous work we determined that high c-di-GMP enhances biofilm formation and decreases motility in B. bronchiseptica. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Expression of acute virulence factors is positively regulated by cAMP, whereas biofilm formation is positively regulated by c-di-GMP. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • cAMP-mediated inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation required Vfr, and involved a reduction of the level of c-di-GMP, as well as reduced production of biofilm matrix components. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Little is known about how extracellular signals modulate c-di-GMP metabolism to control T3SSs. (nature.com)
  • However, extracellular signals that modulate c-di-GMP metabolism to control bacterial secretion systems and c-di-GMP effectors that relay environmental stimuli to changes in activity of the secretion systems remain largely obscure. (nature.com)
  • Our work provides new insights into how environmental stimuli modulate bacterial c-di-GMP metabolism, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying c-di-GMP-mediated control of bacterial T3SSs. (nature.com)
  • PilZ domain proteins are a family of bacterial c-di-GMP receptors, which control various cellular processes. (unibas.ch)
  • Anna is studying how several proteins interact with cyclic-di-GMP, in particular a biosynthetic enzyme involved in coronatine production. (jic.ac.uk)
  • PilZ domain-containing proteins have been demonstrated to bind c-di-GMP and to serve as important downstream effector proteins and have been implicated in bacterial motility and pathogenesis of several pathogens.Bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogenic bacterium that causes respiratory infections in a wide variety of host. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • and 3) the production of cyclic GMP evoked by Arg-vasopressin and Lys-vasopressin is due mostly to activation of V1-vasopressinergic receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We have solved the solution structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa single-domain PilZ protein PA4608 in complex with c-di-GMP by NMR spectroscopy. (unibas.ch)
  • Anna is investigating how the bacterial signal cyclic-di-GMP controls Pseudomonas syringae infection of tomato plants. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The vfr gene product, required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and protease production, belongs to the cyclic AMP receptor protein family. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 2011. MPYS is required for IFN response factor 3 activation and type I IFN production in the response of cultured phagocytes to bacterial second messengers cyclic-di- AMP and cyclic-di-GMP. (invivogen.com)
  • Cyclic GMP and cilia motility. (cdc.gov)
  • Analysis of a Bordetella bronchiseptica cyclic-di-GMP-binding protein reveals a role in motility and virulence. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • 2P236 Directional reversal of electrotactic movements in cyclic GMP metabolic mutants(39. (nii.ac.jp)
  • A mutant screen and characterization of defined knockout mutants suggested that a subset of c-di-GMP-degrading phosphodiesterases is involved in cAMP-Vfr-mediated biofilm inhibition in P. aeruginosa . (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Combining reasonable speculation with experimental verification, we identify the T3SS-1 chaperone SicA as a previously unknown c-di-GMP effector and thus reveal the underlying mechamism of c-di-GMP-mediated control of the T3SS-1. (nature.com)
  • Characterisation of the interaction between cyclic-di-GMP and this biosynthetic enzyme will contribute to our understanding of bacterial signalling and its importance during plant infection. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Our study reveals that the quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and bile salts induce c-di-GMP synthesis via directly targeting a GAPES1 domain-containing diguanylate cyclase (DGC) YeaJ and the transmembrane DGC YedQ, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Specificity This antibody reacts specifically with cyclic GMP. (qedbio.com)
  • Here, the authors show that AI-2 and bile salts induce cyclic-di-GMP synthesis via YeaJ and YedQ, respectively, to repress the T3SS via a cyclic-di-GMP-responsive T3SS chaperone. (nature.com)
  • As AI-2 induces c-di-GMP synthesis, it is not surprising that AI-2 also represses T3SS-1 gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Cyclic-di-GMP is a nucleotide second messenger which is important for P. syringae virulence. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Cyclic GMP likely constitutes part of a retrograde signalling pathway between a neurone and its synaptic partner. (janelia.org)
  • One of these chemical messengers is called cyclic GMP and Viagra Super Active influences it directly. (cheapmeds4u.com)
  • The neurohypophyseal hormones and related peptides stimulated the accumulation of cyclic GMP in a concentration-dependent manner, with the following relative order of potency: oxytocin greater than Lys-vasopressin greater than Arg-vasopressin much greater than [deamino-Cys1, D-Arg8]-vasopressin. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our study resolves this conundrum by linking the bile stimulus to changes in c-di-GMP concentration in S . Typhimurium. (nature.com)
  • Neurohypophyseal peptides and tachykinins stimulate the production of cyclic GMP in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Treatment of endothelial cells with either hemoglobin or methylene blue reduced significantly both the basal and stimulated level of cyclic GMP. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We found that azathioprine, an immunosuppressive drug used in the treatment of Crohn's disease, was able to inhibit WspR-dependent c-di-GMP biosynthesis in bacterial cells. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Effect of dibutyryl cyclic GMP on cultured beating rat heart cells. (wikidata.org)
  • however, it affected production of extracellular structures in E. coli clinical isolates, suggesting efficient inhibition of c-di-GMP biosynthesis in this bacterium. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • It has been reported that the DGC YedQ increases c-di-GMP concentrations through sensing of L-arginine and other nutrient-related signals by its periplasmic sensory domain 4 . (nature.com)
  • However, it remains unclear if and how the activity of other 8 c-di-GMP-metabolizing enzymes with periplasmic sensory domains is modulated by extracellular signals. (nature.com)
  • Isotope labeling by (13)C and (15)N of both the ligand and the protein made it possible to define the structure of c-di-GMP in the complex at high precision by a large number of intermolecular and intraligand NOEs and by two intermolecular hydrogen bond scalar couplings. (unibas.ch)
  • The 110 Vc2 RNA appeared to form a one-to-one saturable complex with a dissociation constant (KD) of ~1 nM for cyclic di-GMP (Fig.1C and fig. S5). (harvard.edu)
  • Arg-vasopressin, oxytocin, substance P and physalae-min (an analog of substance P, pGlu-Ala-Asp-Pro-Asn-Lys-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2) markedly and transiently stimulated the production of cyclic GMP without affecting that of cyclic AMP. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The production of cyclic GMP evoked by Arg-vasopressin and substance P was inhibited selectively by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine but not by its D-enantiomer. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The production of cyclic GMP evoked by oxytocin was inhibited selectively by [d(CH2)5, Tyr(OMe)2, Orn8]-vasotocin, an oxytocin antagonist. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The production of cyclic GMP evoked by Arg-vasopressin and Lys-vasopressin was inhibited by [beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylene-propionyl1, O-Me-Tyr2, Arg8]-vasopressin, a selective V1-receptor antagonist. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The moderate production of cyclic GMP evoked by [deamino-Cys1, D-Arg8]-vasopressin was inhibited significantly by the V1-receptor antagonist. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The last question is how c-di-GMP signaling control the T3SS-1. (nature.com)
  • Diurnal fluctuation and -adrenergic elevation of cyclic AMP in mouse epidermis in vivo. (wikidata.org)
  • We determined that the only PilZ containing domain protein in B. bronchiseptica (BB1561) is able to specifically bind c-di GMP. (conicet.gov.ar)