Cyclic CMP
2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase
Cytidine Monophosphate
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.
Infant Behavior
Alcohol Drinking
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Pregnancy
Suppression of hypoxia-associated vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression by nitric oxide via cGMP. (1/43)
PURPOSE: To investigate the suppressive effect of nitric oxide (NO) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression and to elucidate its mechanism of action. METHODS: Immortalized human retinal epithelial (RPE) cells, H-ras-transfected murine capillary endothelial cells, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) RelA knockout 3T3 fibroblasts had VEGF gene expression stimulated by hypoxia, TPA (phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate), and ras-transfection. The dose response and time course of inhibition of VEGF gene expression by NO were characterized by northern blot analysis, ribonuclease protection assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of NF-kappaB and cGMP in the NO-induced suppression of VEGF gene expression were quantitated. cGMP production was inhibited by LY 83583 (6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione), a specific inhibitor of guanylate cyclase production, and cGMP accumulation was quantitated by immunoassay. RelA knockout 3T3 fibroblasts were used to assess the contribution of NF-kappaB to the downregulation of VEGF by NO. RESULTS: The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) decreased hypoxia-induced VEGF gene expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. One hundred fifty micromolar SNP completely suppressed hypoxia-induced VEGF mRNA levels for at least 24 hours. Constitutive VEGF expression was not altered by SNP. The SNP-mediated decreases in VEGF expression were associated with increases in intracellular cGMP and were blocked by LY 83583. Sodium nitroprusside was able to decrease hypoxia-induced VEGF mRNA increases in fibroblasts deficient in the RelA subunit of NF-kappaB. Nitric oxide was also effective at suppressing increased VEGF expression secondan, to mutant ras and TPA. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that NO decreases hypoxia-induced VEGF via a cGMP-dependent mechanism and suggest that NO may serve as an endogenous inhibitor of both hypoxia- and non- hypoxia-enhanced VEGF expression in vivo. (+info)Generating new ligand-binding RNAs by affinity maturation and disintegration of allosteric ribozymes. (2/43)
Allosteric ribozymes are engineered RNAs that operate as molecular switches whose rates of catalytic activity are modulated by the binding of specific effector molecules. New RNA molecular switches can be created by using "allosteric selection," a molecular engineering process that combines modular rational design and in vitro evolution strategies. In this report, we describe the characterization of 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide monophosphate (cNMP)-dependent hammerhead ribozymes that were created using allosteric selection (Koizumi et al., Nat Struct Biol, 1999, 6:1062-1071). Artificial phylogeny data generated by random mutagenesis and reselection of existing cGMP-, cCMP-, and cAMP-dependent ribozymes indicate that each is comprised of distinct effector-binding and catalytic domains. In addition, patterns of nucleotide covariation and direct mutational analysis both support distinct secondary-structure organizations for the effector-binding domains. Guided by these structural models, we were able to disintegrate each allosteric ribozyme into separate ligand-binding and catalytic modules. Examinations of the independent effector-binding domains reveal that each retains its corresponding cNMP-binding function. These results validate the use of allosteric selection and modular engineering as a means of simultaneously generating new nucleic acid structures that selectively bind ligands. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the binding affinity of an allosteric ribozyme can be improved through random mutagenesis and allosteric selection under conditions that favor tighter binding. This "affinity maturation" effect is expected to be a valuable attribute of allosteric selection as future endeavors seek to apply engineered allosteric ribozymes as biosensor components and as controllable genetic switches. (+info)Phenanthrolines--a new class of CFTR chloride channel openers. (3/43)
1. A number of phenanthrolines and benzoquinolines were examined for their ability to activate epithelial chloride secretion by measuring short circuit current (SCC) using the mouse colon epithelium. 1,10 phenanthroline stimulated electrogenic chloride secretion with an EC(50) of 612+/-10 microM and a Hill slope of 4.9+/-0.3. A similar pharmacology was demonstrated by both 1,7 and 4,7 phenanthrolines, 7,8 benzoquinoline and phenanthridine. 2. Evidence that the increase in SCC caused by 1,10 phenanthroline was due to chloride secretion is based upon (a) inhibition of the current by furosemide, (b) failure of cystic fibrosis (CF) colons to respond and (c) an associated net flux of (36)Cl(-). 3. 1,10 Phenanthroline affected neither the generation of cyclic AMP or the concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) in colonic epithelial cells. 4. 1,10 phenanthroline affected the chloride conductance of the apical membrane, as shown by an increase in chloride current in 'apical membrane only' preparations in the presence of an apical to basolateral chloride gradient. The increase in chloride current was inhibited by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and was not present in CF colons. 5. Additionally, 1,10 phenanthroline activated basolateral K(+) channels, both Ca(2+)- and cyclic AMP-sensitive channels, as shown by inhibitor studies with charybdotoxin (ChTX) and XE991, and after the apical membrane was permeabilized with nystatin. 6. The phenanthrolines and benzoquinolines described here, with dual actions affecting CFTR and basolateral K(+) channels, may constitute useful lead compounds for adjunct therapy in CF. (+info)Contribution of Gln9 and Phe80 to substrate binding in ribonuclease MC1 from bitter gourd seeds. (4/43)
Ribonuclease MC1 (RNase MC1) isolated from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds specifically cleaves phosphodiester bonds on the 5'-side of uridine. The crystal structures of RNase MC1 in complex with 2'-UMP or 3'-UMP reveal that Gln9, Asn71, Leu73, and Phe80 are involved in uridine binding by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions [Suzuki et al. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275, 572-576]. To evaluate the contribution of Gln9 and Phe80 to uridine binding, Gln9 was replaced with Ala, Phe, Glu, or His, and Phe80 with Ala by site-directed mutagenesis. The kinetic properties of the resulting mutant enzymes were characterized using cytidylyl-3',5'-uridine (CpU) as a substrate. The mutant Q9A exhibited a 3.7-fold increased K(m) and 27.6-fold decreased k(cat), while three other mutations, Q9F, Q9E, and Q9H, predominantly affected the k(cat) value. Replacing Phe80 with Ala drastically reduced the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) with a minimum K(m) value equal to 8 mM. It was further found that the hydrolytic activities of the mutants toward cytidine-2',3'-cyclic monophosphate (cCMP) were reduced. These results demonstrate that Gln9 and Phe80 play essential roles not only in uridine binding but also in hydrolytic activity. Moreover, we produced double Ala substituted mutants at Gln9, Asn71, Leu73, and Phe80, and compared their kinetic properties with those of the corresponding single mutants. The results suggest that these four residues may contribute to uridine binding in a mutually independent manner. (+info)The HD domain of the Escherichia coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase has 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiesterase, 2'-nucleotidase, and phosphatase activities. (5/43)
In all mature tRNAs, the 3'-terminal CCA sequence is synthesized or repaired by a template-independent nucleotidyltransferase (ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.25). The Escherichia coli enzyme comprises two domains: an N-terminal domain containing the nucleotidyltransferase activity and an uncharacterized C-terminal HD domain. The HD motif defines a superfamily of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases that includes a variety of uncharacterized proteins and domains associated with nucleotidyltransferases and helicases from bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. The C-terminal HD domain in E. coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase demonstrated Ni(2+)-dependent phosphatase activity toward pyrophosphate, canonical 5'-nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, NADP, and 2'-AMP. Assays with phosphodiesterase substrates revealed surprising metal-independent phosphodiesterase activity toward 2',3'-cAMP, -cGMP, and -cCMP. Without metal or in the presence of Mg(2+), the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase hydrolyzed 2',3'-cyclic substrates with the formation of 2'-nucleotides, whereas in the presence of Ni(2+), the protein also produced some 3'-nucleotides. Mutations at the conserved His-255 and Asp-256 residues comprising the C-terminal HD domain of this protein inactivated both phosphodiesterase and phosphatase activities, indicating that these activities are associated with the HD domain. Low concentrations of the E. coli tRNA (10 nm) had a strong inhibiting effect on both phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities. The competitive character of inhibition by tRNA suggests that it might be a natural substrate for these activities. This inhibition was completely abolished by the addition of Mg(2+), Mn(2+), or Ca(2+), but not Ni(2+). The data suggest that the phosphohydrolase activities of the HD domain of the E. coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase are involved in the repair of the 3'-CCA end of tRNA. (+info)Cofactor fingerprinting with STD NMR to characterize proteins of unknown function: identification of a rare cCMP cofactor preference. (6/43)
Proteomics efforts have created a need for better strategies to functionally categorize newly discovered proteins. To this end, we have employed saturation transfer difference NMR with pools of closely related cofactors, to determine cofactor preferences. This approach works well for dehydrogenases and has also been applied to cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins. In the latter application, a protein (radial spoke protein-2, RSP2) that plays a central role in forming the radial spoke of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella was shown to bind cCMP. cCMP-binding proteins are rare, although previous reports of their presence in sperm and flagella suggest that cCMP may have a more general role in flagellar function. 31P NMR was used to monitor the preferential hydrolysis of ATP versus GTP, suggesting that RSP2 is a kinase. (+info)Hypertonicity regulates the aquaporin-2 promoter independently of arginine vasopressin. (7/43)
BACKGROUND: Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) is an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-regulated water channel in kidney collecting duct cells. The present study was undertaken to determine whether a change in tonicity could directly regulate the AQP-2 gene in an in vitro experiment. METHODS: Various fragments of the 5'-flanking region of the murine AQP-2 gene up to -9.5 kb were cloned into a luciferase (Luc) reporter plasmid, and they were transiently transfected into Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. RESULTS: Hypertonicity significantly increased the Luc activity of the constructs containing >6.1 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the AQP-2 gene (-6.1AQP2). However, promoter regions <4.3 kb in length containing the tonicity-responsive enhancer (TonE) at bp -570 to -560 were not stimulated by hypertonicity. The TonE-deleted construct which contains -9.5 to -1.1 kb of the 5' side of the AQP-2 gene, 8.4AQP2, was also stimulated by hypertonicity. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors SB203580 and U0126 did not affect the Luc activity of -6.1AQP2 induced by hypertonicity. In addition, the vector expressing dominant-negative TonE-binding protein (TonEBP) did not affect the hypertonicity-induced Luc activity of -6.1AQP2. The Luc activity of -6.1AQP2 was stimulated by the overexpression of TonEBP. Hypertonicity further increased the Luc activity of -6.1AQP2 under the overexpression of TonEBP. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that hypertonicity regulates AQP-2 promoter activity via an AVP-independent mechanism, and that the tonicity-responsive element resides between the -6.1 and -4.3 kb 5'-flanking region of the AQP-2 gene, in which the structure and mechanism of response to hypertonicity could be distinct from those of TonE. (+info)A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of the first and second anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP1 and CCP2) autoantibody tests for rheumatoid arthritis. (8/43)
OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performance and prognostic value of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP1) and anti-CCP2 autoantibody tests in a clinical setting. METHODS: Anti-CCP1 and anti-CCP2 antibody tests were performed on the same serum samples obtained from 467 patients with early arthritis from the Leiden Arthritis Cohort. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for discriminating between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA at 1 year's follow up were calculated for both tests. Results were graphically presented using receiver operating characteristic curves. Progression of radiological joint damage was assessed over 4 years in patients with RA and used to assess the prognostics values of the CCP tests. RESULTS: At a similar specificity the CCP2 test had a higher sensitivity than the CCP1 test. Both tests identified a subgroup of patients with RA with an increased rate of joint damage progression. The anti-CCP2 test identified more patients with an increased rate of joint damage progression than the anti-CCP1 test, and in multiple regression analysis CCP2 was the better predictor of joint damage. CONCLUSIONS: The CCP2 test had better diagnostic and prognostic ability than the CCP1 test. (+info) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a diagnostic term used to describe a range of conditions that can occur in individuals who are exposed to alcohol during fetal development. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure can vary widely and may include physical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities.
The three main subtypes of FASD are:
1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): This is the most severe form of FASD and is characterized by a combination of physical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities. Individuals with FAS often have facial abnormalities, growth retardation, and central nervous system defects.
2. Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS): This subtype is characterized by some, but not all, of the physical and behavioral characteristics of FAS.
3. Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD): This subtype includes individuals who have physical birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, but do not meet the full criteria for FAS or pFAS.
Other types of FASD include:
1. Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE): This subtype is characterized by behavioral and cognitive abnormalities, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression.
2. Maternal and Child Health Consensus Statement on FASD: This subtype includes individuals who have a history of prenatal alcohol exposure and exhibit a range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities, but do not meet the full criteria for any of the other subtypes.
The diagnosis of FASD is based on a combination of clinical findings, medical history, and developmental assessments. There is no specific test or biomarker for FASD, so diagnosis can be challenging and requires expertise in pediatrics, neurology, and developmental psychopathology.
Treatment for FASD typically involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes medical care, behavioral interventions, and supportive services. Management of the condition may involve working with a team of healthcare professionals, such as pediatricians, neurologists, developmental specialists, and social workers.
The prognosis for individuals with FASD varies depending on the severity of their alcohol exposure during pregnancy, the timing and amount of exposure, and the presence of any comorbid conditions. However, early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
In summary, FASD is a complex and multifactorial condition that results from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Diagnosis can be challenging, but a comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary approach to treatment can improve outcomes for individuals with FASD.
Alcohol-related disorders refer to a group of mental and physical health conditions that are caused or exacerbated by excessive alcohol consumption. These disorders can affect individuals who drink heavily over a long period of time, as well as those who binge drink on occasion. Some common types of alcohol-related disorders include:
1. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): A diagnosis given to individuals who have difficulty controlling their alcohol consumption and experience negative consequences as a result.
2. Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS): A condition characterized by a strong psychological and physiological dependence on alcohol, leading to withdrawal symptoms when alcohol use is stopped suddenly.
3. Alcohol-Induced Neurological Disorders: Conditions such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which affects memory and coordination, and delirium tremens, a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can be life-threatening.
4. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ALD): A condition characterized by fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis, which can lead to liver failure and other complications.
5. Heart Disease: Excessive alcohol consumption can damage the heart muscle, increase blood pressure and triglycerides, and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
6. Mental Health Disorders: Alcohol can worsen symptoms of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
7. Nutritional Deficiencies: Poor nutrition and malabsorption associated with heavy alcohol consumption can lead to deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals.
8. Immune System Suppression: Chronic alcohol consumption can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections like pneumonia and tuberculosis.
9. Pancreatitis: A painful inflammatory condition of the pancreas that can be triggered by heavy alcohol consumption.
10. Various Cancers: Excessive alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk of several types of cancer, including liver, breast, colon, and throat cancer.
It is important to note that these risks are often dose-dependent, meaning that the more alcohol consumed, the greater the risk of developing these health problems. Additionally, binge drinking, or consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short period, can significantly increase the risk of acute injuries and death.
CAMP-dependent pathway
... cAMP). Increases in concentration of the second messenger cAMP may lead to the activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion ... which degrades cAMP - thus enabling higher levels of cAMP than would otherwise be had. bucladesine (dibutyryl cAMP, db cAMP) - ... The cAMP pathway is studied through loss of function (inhibition) and gain of function (increase) of cAMP. If cAMP-dependent ... Molecules that inhibit the cAMP pathway include: cAMP phosphodiesterase converts cAMP into AMP by breaking the phosphodiester ...
Cytidylate cyclase
... cyclic-CMP-forming). Other names in common use include 3',5'-cyclic-CMP synthase, cytidylyl cyclase, cytidyl cyclase, and CTP ... Newton RP, Salih SG, Hakeem NA, Kingston EE, Beynon JH (1985). "3',5'-Cyclic UMP, -cyclic IMP, -cyclic TMP and related enzymes ... The enzyme cytidylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction CTP = 3′,5′-cyclic CMP + diphosphate This ... cyclic CMP) formation by homogenates of mouse liver". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 80 (1): 119-25. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(78) ...
Waterwheel Falls
This cyclic "waterwheel" gives the falls their name. "Glen Aulin High Sierra Camp to Waterwheel Falls". Los Angeles Times. ...
Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch
"Control of bacterial exoelectrogenesis by c-AMP-GMP". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112 (17): 5389-5394. doi:10.1073/pnas. ... A second class of riboswitch that binds cyclic di-GMP is called the cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch. The two classes of cyclic di- ... some bacteria in which cyclic di-GMP has been studied lack cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic di ... Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are a class of riboswitch that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, which is a second messenger that ...
Skin whitening
Rodríguez, Carlos Iván; Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi (2014). "Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in melanocytes and melanoma". Arch. ... which produces cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates protein kinase A (PKA), which activates by protein ... The MC1R and cAMP signaling pathway starts with the activation of MC1R, which causes activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC), ... Lee, Ai-Young; Noh, Minsoo (2013). "The regulation of epidermal melanogenesis via cAMP and/or PKC signaling pathways: insights ...
Adenosine
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive in signal transduction. Adenosine is used as an intravenous medication for ... The A1 receptors couple to Gi/o and decreases cAMP levels, while the A2 adenosine receptors couple to Gs, which stimulates ... Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase. "Caffeine has a three- ... This is mediated via the A1 receptor, inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, reducing cAMP and so causing cell hyperpolarization by ...
Activator (genetics)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is produced during glucose starvation; this molecule acts as an allosteric effector that ... The catabolite activator protein (CAP), otherwise known as cAMP receptor protein (CRP), activates transcription at the lac ...
Beta2-adrenergic agonist
This enzyme produces the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In the lung, cAMP decreases calcium ...
Glycogenesis
Calcium ions or cyclic AMP (cAMP) act as secondary messengers. This is an example of negative control. The calcium ions ... The latter enzyme causes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP; two molecules of cyclic AMP bind to the regulatory subunit of ...
Thromboregulation
Some primary hemostasis inhibitors are cAMP, prostacyclin, PGE1, and kistrin. cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ... TPα stimulates cAMP levels whereas TPβ inhibits the level of intracellular cAMP. Serotonin, 5-HT, is an amine synthesized in ... inhibition of cyclic AMP breakdown by cyclic GMP". Molecular Pharmacology. 37 (5): 671-681. PMID 2160060. Siess, Wolfgang; ... PGI2, prostacyclin, binds to IP receptors that catalyze cAMP formation. This process is mediated via GTP-binding protein Gs and ...
CAMP responsive element modulator
Inada A, Someya Y, Yamada Y, Ihara Y, Kubota A, Ban N, Watanabe R, Tsuda K, Seino Y (Jul 1999). "The cyclic AMP response ... cAMP responsive element modulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREM gene, and it belongs to the cAMP- ... The cAMP response element sites can be found in the promoter region of some postmeiotic genes, so that the CREM can target and ... "Entrez Gene: CREM cAMP responsive element modulator". Foulkes, N. S.; Sassone-Corsi, P. (1992-02-07). "More is better: ...
CAMP receptor protein
The signal to activate CRP is the binding of cyclic AMP. Binding of cAMP to CRP leads to a long-distance signal transduction ... CRP protein binds cAMP, which causes a conformational change that allows CRP to bind tightly to a specific DNA site in the ... cAMP receptor protein (CRP; also known as catabolite activator protein, CAP) is a regulatory protein in bacteria. ... In Escherichia coli, cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) can regulate the transcription of more than 100 genes. ...
8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) Rapoport, RM; Draznin, MB; Murad, F (Nov 1982). "Sodium nitroprusside- ... 8-Bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate is a brominated derivative of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). It acts as an ... 8-Bromoguanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate ( 8-Br-cGMP ) (Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in ... induced protein phosphorylation in intact rat aorta is mimicked by 8-bromo cyclic GMP" (Free full text). Proceedings of the ...
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase
3′,5′-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.53, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, cAMP-specific PDE, PDE1, PDE2A, PDE2B, PDE4, ... 3',5'-cyclic-AMP+phosphodiesterase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC ... Bader S, Kortholt A, Snippe H, Van Haastert PJ (July 2006). "DdPDE4, a novel cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase at the surface of ... Lugnier C, Keravis T, Le Bec A, Pauvert O, Proteau S, Rousseau E (November 1999). "Characterization of cyclic nucleotide ...
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) 8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) Francis SH, Corbin JD (August ... Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second ... cGMP, like cAMP, gets synthesized when olfactory receptors receive odorous input. cGMP is produced slowly and has a more ... 1999). "Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases: intracellular receptors for cAMP and cGMP action". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. ...
Piclamilast
PDE4 hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to inactive adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Inhibition of PDE4 blocks ... hydrolysis of cAMP thereby increasing levels of cAMP within cells. cAMP suppresses the activity of immune and inflammatory ... Souness JE, Houghton C, Sardar N, Withnall MT (June 1997). "Evidence that cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors suppress ...
Catabolite activator protein
Two cAMP (cyclic AMP) molecules bind dimeric CAP with negative cooperativity. Cyclic AMP functions as an allosteric effector by ... a cascade of events results in the increase of cytosolic cAMP levels. This increase in cAMP levels is sensed by CAP, which goes ... cAMP-CAP is required for transcription activation of the lac operon. This requirement reflects the greater simplicity with ... Catabolite activator protein (CAP; also known as cAMP receptor protein, CRP) is a trans-acting transcriptional activator that ...
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor
PDE4 hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to inactive adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Inhibition of PDE4 blocks ... on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is a member of the larger family of PDE inhibitors. The PDE4 family of enzymes are ... They are predominantly responsible for hydrolyzing cAMP within both immune cells and cells in the central nervous system. The ... Lelkes Z, Alföldi P, Erdos A, Benedek G (1998). "Rolipram, an antidepressant that increases the availability of cAMP, ...
Tropic cues involved in growth cone guidance
Netrin repulsion can also be mediated by changes in cyclic nucleotide levels; netrin-1 induces a repulsive response when cAMP ... Ming, GL; Song, HJ; Berninger, B; Holt, CE; Tessier-Lavigne, M; Poo, MM (Dec 1997). "cAMP-dependent growth cone guidance by ...
Chvostek sign
The 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) is required for parathyroid hormone activation. It is frequently seen in alcoholics, persons with ... Magnesium is a cofactor for adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the conversion of ATP to 3',5'-cyclic AMP. ...
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate
Nucleic acid DNA metabolism Cofactor Guanosine Cyclic AMP (cAMP) ATP Wishart, David S.; Guo, An Chi; Oler, Eponine; Wang, Fel; ...
Thompson submachine gun
The weapons had very high cyclic rates up to 1,500 rpm. This was the weapon Brigadier General Thompson demonstrated at Camp ... Early versions of the Thompson, the Model 1919, had a fairly high cyclic rate of fire, as high as 1,200 rounds per minute (rpm ... The original Model 1928s were Model 1921s with weight added to the actuator, which slowed down the cyclic rate of fire, a ... Thompson requested Payne to develop a method of reducing the cyclic rate of fire. Payne then replaced the actuator with one ...
Anthrax
Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate. The complexation of adenylate ... a 46-year-old scientist at the US Army Biological Warfare Laboratories at Camp (later Fort) Detrick, Maryland, who died in 1951 ...
Fungal behavior
One hormone that is used by many fungi is Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).[citation needed] Chemotaxis Dusenbery, David B ...
HRASLS3
Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase decreases the conversion of cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP. Lower levels of cAMP decrease the ... leading to an increase in cAMP and lipase activity. This mechanism was postulated on the basis that the predominant signaling ...
PDE4C
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4C gene. PDE4C is ... Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q08493 (cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic ... Engels P, Sullivan M, Müller T, Lübbert H (1995). "Molecular cloning and functional expression in yeast of a human cAMP- ... Sullivan M, Olsen AS, Houslay MD (2000). "Genomic organisation of the human cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4C gene ...
Adenosine monophosphate
AMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as cyclic AMP (or cAMP). Within certain cells the enzyme adenylate cyclase makes ... cAMP plays an important role in intracellular signaling. DNA Oligonucleotide Phosphodiesterase Glutamate flavoring Kikunae ... cAMP from ATP, and typically this reaction is regulated by hormones such as adrenaline or glucagon. ...
Tullio Pozzan
He was also interested in the signaling pathway controlled by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). His group generated the ... contributed to establishing the concept of cAMP microdomains and described the existence of an autonomous cAMP homeostatic ...
Beta3-adrenergic agonist
Increased activity of adenylyl cyclase leads to increased formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). β3-AR can also ... When they are coupled they lead to decrease in intracellular cAMP. The mechanism of β3-AR and Gi protein has been proposed as a ...
Thermogenin
This activates adenylyl cyclase, which catalyses the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP activates protein kinase A, ...
Bucladesine
... is a cyclic nucleotide derivative which mimics the action of endogenous cAMP and is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. ... cAMP is only able to elicit minimal responses in these situations. The neurite outgrowth instigated by bucladesine in cell ... The effect of bucladesine as a cAMP analog has been studied on the pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in the wild-type mice. The ... Bucladesine is a cell permeable cAMP analog. The compound is used in a wide variety of research applications because it mimics ...
Olfactory receptor neuron
CaMKII will be activated by the presence of CaM, which will phosphorylate ACIII and reduce cAMP production. CaMKII will also ... The activated OR in turn activates the intracellular G-protein, GOLF (GNAL), adenylate cyclase and production of cyclic AMP ( ... Bradley, J; Reuter, D; Frings, S (2001). "Facilitation of calmodulinmediated odor adaptation by cAMP-gated channel subunits". ... cAMP) opens ion channels in the cell membrane, resulting in an influx of sodium and calcium ions into the cell, and an efflux ...
Sandhya Srikant Visweswariah
Samanta et al (2017) Mycobacterial phenolic glycolipid synthesis is regulated by cAMP-dependent lysine acylation of FadD22 ... Her research involves the investigation of the mechanism of signal transduction via cyclic nucleotides, phosphodiesterases and ...
Metabotropic glutamate receptor
... prevent the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP, by activating a G protein that inhibits the enzyme adenylyl ... cyclase, which forms cAMP from ATP. These receptors are involved in presynaptic inhibition, and do not appear to affect ...
Corn silk
... and the direction in which the apex progresses responds to cyclic AMP levels, including cAMP cyclization by a pollen signalling ...
Effects of cannabis
... constituting a family of about 60 bi-cyclic and tri-cyclic compounds. Like most other neurological processes, the effects of ... and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa at the protein kinase A site in striatal projection neurons". The Journal of ...
Sekai Holland
In the 1970s in Zambia, Sekai spoke out against endemic violence against ZANU recruits in the camps and sexual abuse of female ... advocacy for women's and children's issues and she has continually spoken out against retribution and the culture of cyclic ...
INPP5D
... by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (30): 20070-8. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... this phosphorylation is mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Second allosteric regulation is mediated by binding ...
PDE4B
This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. Cyclic ... cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4B gene. ... The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the cellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and thereby play a ... Secchiero P, Zella D, Curreli S, Mirandola P, Capitani S, Gallo RC, Zauli G (Dec 2000). "Pivotal role of cyclic nucleoside ...
Olfactory receptor
... cAMP). The cAMP opens cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels which allow calcium and sodium ions to enter into the cell, ... The G protein (Golf and/or Gs) in turn activates the lyase - adenylate cyclase - which converts ATP into cyclic AMP ( ...
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Bradbury NA (2001). "cAMP signaling cascades and CFTR: is there more to learn?". Pflügers Archiv. 443 Suppl 1: S85-S91. doi: ... Cholera: ADP-ribosylation caused by cholera toxin results in increased production of cyclic AMP which in turn opens the CFTR ...
Acrasin
Brian Shaffer was the first to purify acrasin, now known to be cyclic AMP, in 1954, using methanol. Glorin, the acrasin of P. ... One of the earliest acrasins to be identified was cAMP, found in the species Dictyostelium discoideum by Brian Shaffer,[2] ...
PDE4A
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4A gene. The protein encoded ... Huston E, Pooley L, Julien P, Scotland G, McPhee I, Sullivan M, Bolger G, Houslay MD (Dec 1996). "The human cyclic AMP-specific ... "PDE4A phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP-specific ( Homo sapiens )". Entrez Gene. 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2012-04-02. Hansen RT, Conti M ... Horton YM, Sullivan M, Houslay MD (Jun 1995). "Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic ...
Transduction (physiology)
The G-protein activates a downstream signalling cascade that causes increased level of cyclic-AMP (cAMP), which trigger ...
AKAP5
1999). "The type and the localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulate transmission of cAMP signals to the nucleus in ... Dodge KL, Carr DW, Sanborn BM (1999). "Protein kinase A anchoring to the myometrial plasma membrane is required for cyclic ... Carr DW, Stofko-Hahn RE, Fraser ID, Cone RD, Scott JD (Sep 1992). "Localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase to the ... Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, Stofko-Hahn RE, Scott JD (Aug 1992). "Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase ...
Metformin
... inhibition of glucagon-induced elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) with reduced activation of protein kinase A ( ... Metformin inhibits cyclic AMP production, blocking the action of glucagon, and thereby reducing fasting glucose levels. ... "Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP". Nature. 494 (7436): 256-60. Bibcode: ...
David Fell (biochemist)
... cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) From the early 1980s David Fell switched his research to systems biology and was one of the very ... At this time he also worked on the first modeling studies related to the functioning of high- and low-Km cyclic nucleotide ... Fell, David A. (1980). "Theoretical analyses of the functioning of the high- and low-Km cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in ... the regulation of the concentration of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate in animal cells". Journal of Theoretical Biology. ...
HCN4
Schweizer PA, Duhme N, Thomas D, Becker R, Zehelein J, Draguhn A, Bruehl C, Katus HA, Koenen M (Oct 2010). "cAMP sensitivity of ... Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel Funny current GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138622 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: ... Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... "Entrez Gene: HCN4 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4". Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, Viscomi C, ...
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
Release of the hormone glucagon triggers production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates a cAMP-dependent ...
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
PTH Urine test for cAMP and phosphorus Treatment consists of maintaining normal levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. ... ". "Urinary 3'5' cyclic AMP. Diagnostic test in pseudohypoparathyroidism". Arch Dis Child. F. Albright, C. H. Burnett, P. H. ...
Melatonin
Norepinephrine elevates the intracellular cAMP concentration via beta-adrenergic receptors and activates the cAMP-dependent ... Melatonin metabolites generated from redox reactions include cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine ...
Ribonucleotide
Other variations include adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). ... Ribonucleotides can be converted to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) to regulate hormones in organisms as well. In ... Examples include ribonucleoside 2',3'-cyclic monophosphates which are isolatable intermediates, and ribonucleoside 3'- ...
Benzene
Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a ... "A Former Nazi Labor Camp in Austria, Now Billed as a Tourist Site". Haaretz. May 3, 2019. Archived from the original on May 11 ... In 1929, the cyclic nature of benzene was finally confirmed by the crystallographer Kathleen Lonsdale using X-ray diffraction ... to a cyclic diol with two double bonds, breaking the aromaticity. Next, the diol is newly reduced by NADH to catechol. The ...
Deficiency of RbAp48 protein and memory loss
... cAMP)-protein kinase element-binding protein CREB1 path way. Since histone acetylation and the cAMP-PKA-CREB1 pathway are ... In mice, the RbAp48 protein is key component in histone acetylation, transcriptional regulation and in cyclic adenosine ...
H-89
"Dual effect of cAMP agonist on ameliorative function of PKA inhibitor in morphine-dependent mice". Fundamental & Clinical ... novel and potent inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C". Biochemistry. 23 (21): 5036- ... of forskolin-induced neurite outgrowth and protein phosphorylation by a newly synthesized selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP- ...
Cyclic AMP receptors
... the cAMP receptors thus bear their own unique '7TM' signature. cAMP receptor protein Devreotes PN, Kimmel AR, Johnson RL, Klein ... Cyclic AMP receptors from slime molds are a distinct family of G-protein coupled receptors. These receptors control development ... Ginsburg GT, Louis JM, Johnson R, Devreotes PN, Kimmel AR, Saxe III CL (1993). "CAR2, a prestalk cAMP receptor required for ... In D. discoideum, the cyclic AMP receptors coordinate aggregation of individual cells into a multicellular organism, and ...
RAPGEF2
... is a cyclic AMP binding protein. Members of the RAS subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP- ... Emery AC, Eiden MV, Mustafa T, Eiden LE (2013). "Rapgef2 Connects GPCR-Mediated cAMP Signals to ERK Activation in Neuronal and ... "The guanine nucleotide exchange factor CNrasGEF activates ras in response to cAMP and cGMP". Curr. Biol. 10 (9): 555-8. doi: ...
General der Nachrichtenaufklärung
This was the so-called Der Fall Wicher (Case Wicher). In 1943-44, the two Polish officers, who were being held in a PoW camp in ... The only other Greek system mentioned as having been attacked in 1941 was a 5-letter code with a cyclic recipherment which ... stated that he had never seen any personnel from the Forschungsamt until the war was over and they turned up in prison camps. ... the strength of units being created on the training ground at Camp de Châlons at Mourmelon-le-Grand, was estimated by ...
Syed Ziaur Rahman
Use of Cyclic bioisosteres of purine system derivatives for the treatment of diseases caused by disorders of nitrergic and ... In the Academy, he arranged many medical camps on the occasion of World AIDS Day, World Health Day and World Tuberculosis Day. ...
Adenosine2A receptor vasodilation of rat preglomerular microvessels is mediated by EETs that activate the cAMP/PKA pathway
Cyclic AMP / physiology* * Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / analysis * Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / physiology ... Incubation of 11,12-EET (3 nM-3 microM) with PGMV resulted in an increase in cAMP levels (P,0.05). The responses to both 11,12- ... Adenosine2A receptor vasodilation of rat preglomerular microvessels is mediated by EETs that activate the cAMP/PKA pathway Am J ...
Platelet Disorders: Overview of Platelet Disorders, Pathophysiology of Platelet Disorders, Autoimmune Thrombocytopenias
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Protective Role of St. John's Wort and Its Components Hyperforin and Hypericin against Diabetes through...
... cAMP)/protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA)/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, against high-fat- ... mediated by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( ... cAMP. cyclic adenosine monophosphate. PTP1B. protein tyrosine ... mediated by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA)/adenosine monophosphate ... that was reactivated by a direct interaction of HYP with the PKACα subunit along the cAMP/PKA upstream regulator pathway, as ...
cAMP signaling in brain is decreased in unmedicated depressed patients and increased by treatment with a selective serotonin...
... cAMP) cascade in major depressive disorder (MDD) have noted that the cAMP cascade is downregulated in MDD and upregulated by ... We investigated cAMP cascade activity by using ,sup,11,/sup,C-(R)-rolip … ... Basic studies exploring the importance of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( ... Basic studies exploring the importance of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascade in major depressive disorder (MDD) ...
Establishment of a long-term stable β-cell line and its application to analyze the effect of Gcg expression on insulin...
... such as the GLP-1/cAMP signaling, in β-cells. ... Cellular cAMP levels were determined using a commercial kit ( ... Iwasaki, M. et al. Establishment of new clonal pancreatic β-cell lines (MIN6-K) useful for study of incretin/cyclic adenosine ... CB4-GcgKD cells showed the lowest cAMP level without exendin-4 treatment, but their cAMP level was drastically elevated after ... Capozzi, M. E. et al. β Cell tone is defined by proglucagon peptides through cAMP signaling. JCI Insight 4, e126742 (2019). ...
NIMH » Current Research
Our current research focuses on two broad areas of study: neuroinflammation and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling ... Consistent with the cAMP theory of depression, we found that [11C](R)-rolipram binding is decreased in unmedicated patients ... PDE4 metabolizes and thereby terminates the actions of cAMP. Rolipram is a reversible PDE4 inhibitor, and binding of [11C](R)- ... Towards this end, the two major targets currently being investigated in my laboratory are neuroinflammation and cyclic ...
ADCY5-related dyskinesia: MedlinePlus Genetics
... to another molecule called cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). ATP is a molecule that supplies energy for cells activities ... including muscle contraction, and cAMP is involved in signaling for many cellular functions. Some ADCY5 gene mutations that ... cause ADCY5-related dyskinesia are thought to increase adenylate cyclase 5 enzyme activity and the level of cAMP within cells. ...
Boosting brain's waste disposal system may slow neurodegenerative diseases | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Proteasome function is activated by a pathway involving protein kinase A and cyclic AMP (cAMP). The scientists hypothesized ... References: Tau-driven 26S proteasome impairment and cognitive dysfunction can be prevented early in disease by activating cAMP ... When the genetically engineered mice were given a drug that increases cAMP levels (rolipram), they showed increased proteasome ...
Associations between the Maternal Exposome and Metabolome during Pregnancy - PubMed
Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Proposed Management...
Warfarin, antiplatelet drugs and their interactions
Biomarkers Search
9. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in human osteoblastic cells; the effect of PDE inhibition on cAMP accumulation. ... Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in human colonic mucosa before and during chenodeoxycholic acid therapy.. Corazza GR; ... Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs): coincidence detectors acting to spatially and temporally integrate cyclic ... The conserved protective cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase function PDE4B is expressed in the adenoma and adjacent normal colonic ...
Frontiers | Cardiac Autonomic Responses during Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery Using Heart Rate Variability and Systolic...
1j59.1 | SWISS-MODEL Template Library
CATABOLITE GENE ACTIVATOR PROTEIN (CAP)/DNA COMPLEX + ADENOSINE-3,5-CYCLIC-MONOPHOSPHATE ... 2 x CMP: ADENOSINE-3,5-CYCLIC-MONOPHOSPHATE(Non-covalent). CMP.1: 15 residues within 4Å:*. Chain E: I.30, A.36, V.49, L.61, S ... CATABOLITE GENE ACTIVATOR PROTEIN (CAP)/DNA COMPLEX + ADENOSINE-3,5-CYCLIC-MONOPHOSPHATE Coordinates. PDB Format Method. X- ... CMP.2: 11 residues within 4Å:*. Chain E: L.124, S.128 ...
DailyMed - OTEZLA- apremilast kit
OTEZLA- apremilast tablet, film coated
Early Childhood Neurobehavioral Assessment for the Differential Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Alcohol-Related...
Eucrisa (crisaborole topical) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
PDF) Penile erection responses of Nigella sativa seed extract on isolated rat corpus cavernosum
cyclic adenosine monophosphate) or cGMP into AMP or GMP. Inhibition to this enzyme will cause ... because of the inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE). This enzyme plays role to convert cAMP ... responsible for the conversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic guanosine monophosphate ...
Functional Expression of the Heteromeric "Olfactory" Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel in the Hippocampus: A Potential Effector...
cyclic nucleotide-gated channels cAMP cGMP olfaction sensory transduction hippocampus synaptic plasticity ... cAMP opens the olfactory cng channel, which is highly permeable to Ca^(2+). Here we demonstrate by in situ hybridization and ... Cyclic nucleotide elevation has been implicated in several mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and these ... We also show that Ca^(2+) influx into hippocampal neurons in response to cyclic nucleotide elevation can be detected using fura ...
MeSH Browser
CYCLIC CMP & CYTIDINE CYCLIC-2,3-MONOPHOSPHATE were see CYTIDINE CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93. Online Note. use CYCLIC CMP to ... CYCL CMP. Entry Term(s). Cyclic CMP, Monosodium Salt Cytidine Cyclic 3,5 Monophosphate Cytidine Cyclic Monophosphate Cytidine ... Cyclic CMP, Monosodium Salt Narrower Concept UI. M0330602. Registry Number. 54925-33-6. Terms. Cyclic CMP, Monosodium Salt ... 94; was CYTIDINE CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93 (see under CYTOSINE NUCLEOTIDES 1980-90); CYCLIC CMP & CYTIDINE CYCLIC-2,3- ...
Rodbell Inspiration - Office of NIH History and Stetten Museum
Council Minutes - September 2011 | National Institute on Aging
In the younger brain, the elimination of cAMP by the stress enzyme PDE4A and further inhibition of cAMP by alpha 2A receptors ... Biochemical data suggest that the loss in the memory-related firing of delay cells arises from dysregulation of cyclic ... Nor is it clear whether age-associated dysregulation of cAMP signaling is a disease process or a time-related phenomenon ... Stress or fatigue promotes production of cAMP, and potassium channels open gating network connections so that persistent firing ...
BindingDB PrimarySearch ki
BindingDB PrimarySearch ki
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 3416 : Physiological and Pharmacological Influences on Dopaminergic Receptors in the Retina :...
Publication Detail
Abstract: Cyclic-AMP (cAMP) exerts suppressive effects in the innate and adaptive immune system. The PD-1/PD-L1 immune ... Mechanistically, we discovered that the cAMP effectors PKA and CREB induce the transcription/secretion of IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 ... In summary, we discovered that PD-L1 induction is a part of the repertoire of immunosuppressive actions mediated by cAMP, ... Using normal and malignant lymphocytes from humans, and the phosphodiesterase 4b (Pde4b) knockout mouse, we found that cAMP ...
Intracellular cyclicAdenosine triphosphateMoleculeNucleotidePhosphodiesterase 4BProtein kinasesCytidineMonophosphatePathwaysSynthesisEpithelialExertsCREBEndocrineCGMPLevelsEnzymeProteinsElevationStimulationLymphocytesEffectorsAdenylate cyclaseProliferationCellsIncreasesPathwayMechanismsComplexEffectsSmoothInhibitionDependentActionGrowthSpecificEarlyBrain
Intracellular cyclic2
- Dopamine, by acting on the dopamine D 1 -like receptor, stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity to increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels [ 10 ], which stimulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels leads to diverse cellular responses dependent on the cell type. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Adenosine triphosphate2
- This enzyme helps convert a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to another molecule called cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (medlineplus.gov)
- A receptor accepts a hormone and stimulates adenylyl cyclase (AC) to convert adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inside the cell to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (nih.gov)
Molecule5
- This enzyme is inhibited by high concentrations of caffeine, so it is possible that the stimulatory effect of this drug is the result of the raised cAMP levels that it causes (However it seems the concentrations required for caffeine to be effective are very high and a more likely explanation for the drug's effects involve the adenosine molecule). (dadamo.com)
- ATP is a molecule that supplies energy for cells' activities, including muscle contraction, and cAMP is involved in signaling for many cellular functions. (medlineplus.gov)
- These intracellular events are the result of a second messenger, another small molecule called cyclic AMP ( cAMP ) that stimulates enzyme production. (fsu.edu)
- Forskolin increases cellular levels of a molecule called cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (supplementcentre.com)
- One theory is that brain cells with low levels of a molecule called cyclic AMP (cAMP) may cause depression. (nih.gov)
Nucleotide5
- This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. (nih.gov)
- 11. Relationships between chemotaxis, chemotactic modulators, and cyclic nucleotide levels in tumor cells. (nih.gov)
- 16. Proceedings: Effects of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cAMP, dbcAMP, cGMP, cIMP) on transepithelial netfluxes in proximal convolutions of rat kidneys. (nih.gov)
- A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. (nih.gov)
- It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions. (nih.gov)
Phosphodiesterase 4B1
- Using normal and malignant lymphocytes from humans, and the phosphodiesterase 4b (Pde4b) knockout mouse, we found that cAMP induces PD-L1 transcription and protein expression. (nih.gov)
Protein kinases1
- Cyclic AMP is involved in some protein kinases. (dadamo.com)
Cytidine1
- 18. Cytidine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic CMP). (nih.gov)
Monophosphate6
- CBP [cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein] is one of the most researched proteins for its therapeutic function. (nih.gov)
- 13. Adenosine 3': 5'-cyclic monophosphate as a possible mediator in the proliferative effect of prolactin on the pigeon crop sac. (nih.gov)
- Adhesion results in initial platelet activation by internal signalling pathways often involving reduced intra-platelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate. (nps.org.au)
- These findings have led to the suggestion that in these areas the DA-stimulated adenylate cyclase and the DA receptor may be related, and that the physiological effects of DA could be mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (erowid.org)
- It is this second substance, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), that stimulates the breakdown of stored carbohydrate into sugar. (nih.gov)
- The stimulation of cells with isoproterenol (7683592) in the presence of TDI failed to release cyclic-adenosine- monophosphate (cAMP). (cdc.gov)
Pathways3
- We do not yet know the discrete targets, in brain, of the NCS-Rapgef2/ERK-, PKA/CREB- and Epac/p38-specific cAMP signaling pathways elucidated in cellula . (nih.gov)
- These results implicate the myometrium as an essential regulator of endocrine hormone (cortisol and progesterone synthesis) and signaling pathways (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP stimulation) that direct quiescence via the transcripitional upregulation of both novel and previously associated regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
- A number of these regulators stimulate cyclic AMP (cAMP)- and cGMP-mediated signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Synthesis1
- 20. Effects of cyclic nucleotides on hemoglobin synthesis in fetal calf liver cells in culture. (nih.gov)
Epithelial2
- 1. Cyclic nucleotides and the control of epithelial cell proliferation: cyclic CMP may be a partial mediator of the response of the pigeon crop-sac to prolactin. (nih.gov)
- Activation of G s -coupled receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase leading to cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, which is known to induce mucus overproduction through the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in airway epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Exerts1
- Cyclic-AMP (cAMP) exerts suppressive effects in the innate and adaptive immune system. (nih.gov)
CREB2
- A recently constructed conditional PACAP knock-out mouse, in conjunction with Rapgef2- and CREB-conditional knockout mice, are being deployed to determine the cAMP effectors required in vivo for PACAP-dependent activation of the HPA axis, PACAP-dependent stress-induced hypophagia, and PACAP-dependent aversive responding. (nih.gov)
- Mechanistically, we discovered that the cAMP effectors PKA and CREB induce the transcription/secretion of IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6, which initiate an autocrine loop that activates the JAK/STAT pathway and ultimately increase PD-L1 expression in the cell surface. (nih.gov)
Endocrine1
- The lab has recently identified NCS-Rapgef2 as a novel cAMP effector linking Gs-coupled GPCR activation to activation of the MAP kinase ERK in neurons and endocrine cells. (nih.gov)
CGMP1
- 10. cAMP, cGMP, cCMP and cUMP concentrations across the tree of life: High cCMP and cUMP levels in astrocytes. (nih.gov)
Levels6
- When the genetically engineered mice were given a drug that increases cAMP levels (rolipram), they showed increased proteasome function, reduced aggregated tau levels, and improved cognitive performance. (nih.gov)
- Our long-term goal is to examine the parcellation of cAMP signaling during neurotransmission in the brain, at the genetic, cellular, morphological, and biochemical levels, and their penetrance to experience-driven behavior in the mouse. (nih.gov)
- We hypothesised that prostacyclin action could be enhanced by inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3), a major regulator of cyclic AMP levels in the lung, whose activity appears increased in PAH [1]. (ucl.ac.uk)
- Elevated cAMP levels are associated with increased rates of fat loss and can improve the effects of other fat burning compounds. (supplementcentre.com)
- A drug called ketamine may increase the levels of cAMP in a person s brain cells. (nih.gov)
- To find out if administering ketamine to people with depression affects cAMP levels in their brains. (nih.gov)
Enzyme4
- cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme Phosphodiesterase (PDE) . (dadamo.com)
- This occurs through inhibition of the cAMP-producing enzyme, adenylate cyclase, as a side effect of glucose transport into the cell. (dadamo.com)
- Some ADCY5 gene mutations that cause ADCY5 -related dyskinesia are thought to increase adenylate cyclase 5 enzyme activity and the level of cAMP within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- An additional focus of my research has been an investigation of enzymes (particularly those involved in turnover of endocannabinoids, hydrogen sulphide and cyclic nucleotides), as convergence points for signalling cross-talk, as well as quantifying enzyme activities ex vivo , for example, in pathological conditions or following drug exposure. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Proteins1
- Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the regulatory and catalytic subunits, thus activating the catalytic units and enabling them to phosphorylate substrate proteins. (dadamo.com)
Elevation1
- In conclusion, PDE3 inhibition may help improve prostacyclin analogue action in IPAH by prolonging elevation in cAMP and enhancing the antiproliferative effects of these agents. (ucl.ac.uk)
Stimulation1
- To characterize the stimulation of cAMP through the dopamine D 1 receptor, 16HBE14o- cells and NCI-H292 cells were treated with dopamine or the dopamine D 1 receptor agonists (SKF38393 or A68930) before cAMP measurements. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocytes1
- 17. [Effect of cyclic nucleotides on the transformation and proliferation of lymphocytes]. (nih.gov)
Effectors1
- We have previously demonstrated that cAMP signaling is parcellated via multiple effectors in neuroendocrine cells. (nih.gov)
Adenylate cyclase1
- cAMP is synthesised from ATP by adenylate cyclase. (dadamo.com)
Proliferation2
- Transcription Factor Trps1 Promotes Tubular Cell Proliferation after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through cAMP-Specific 3',5'-Cyclic Phosphodiesterase 4D and AKT. (bvsalud.org)
- Cell proliferation (assessed by cell number) and cyclic AMP assays were performed in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells derived from patients with idiopathic PAH (n=6). (ucl.ac.uk)
Cells4
- 2. Effects of cyclic nucleotides on growth activity of V79-1A cells. (nih.gov)
- In fact, the activation of ERK by cyclic AMP, via NCS-Rapgef2, appears to be a unique feature of neurons and neuroendocrine cells in adult mammals. (nih.gov)
- MIN6-CB4 cells can serve as an invaluable tool for studying the regulatory mechanisms of insulin secretion, such as the GLP-1/cAMP signaling, in β-cells. (nature.com)
- Dopamine or the dopamine D 1 -like receptor agonists stimulated cAMP production in 16HBE14o- cells and NCI-H292 cells, which was reversed by the selective dopamine D 1 -like receptor antagonists (SCH23390 or SCH39166). (biomedcentral.com)
Increases1
- CRP-cAMP increases expression of a large number of genes, including some encoding enzymes that can supply energy independent of glucose. (dadamo.com)
Pathway1
- Proteasome function is activated by a pathway involving protein kinase A and cyclic AMP (cAMP). (nih.gov)
Mechanisms1
- Bell, D & McDermott, B 1994, ' Use of cyclic AMP antagonist Rp-cAMPS to distinguish between cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic AMP independent contractile coupling mechanisms in mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes ', Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology , vol. 26, pp. 1439-1448. (qub.ac.uk)
Complex1
- The transcription factor CRP (or CAP) forms a complex with cAMP and thereby is activated to bind to DNA. (dadamo.com)
Effects1
- cAMP is a second messenger, used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot get through the cell membrane. (dadamo.com)
Smooth1
- Smooth muscle contraction is inhibited by the phosphorylation of myosin light-chain kinase by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition1
- In summary, we discovered that PD-L1 induction is a part of the repertoire of immunosuppressive actions mediated by cAMP, defined a cytokine-mediated autocrine loop that executes this action and, reassuringly, showed that PDE4 inhibition does not antagonize immune checkpoint blockade in an in vivo syngeneic lymphoma model. (nih.gov)
Dependent3
- For example, PKA (protein kinase A, also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase) is normally inactive as a tetrameric holoenzyme, consisting of 2 catalytic and 2 regulatory units (C2R2), with the regulatory units blocking the catalytic centers of the catalytic units. (dadamo.com)
- PACAPergic synapses mediating stress-dependent relapse to cocaine preference in rodents are also being investigated, in the context of parcellated cAMP signaling in both the PACAP- and dopamine-dependent components of this translationally important behavior. (nih.gov)
- The cyclic AMP was assayed using the activation of a purified cAMP dependent protein kinase described by Kuo and Greengard (12). (erowid.org)
Action1
- 19. Central action of cyclic: 3',5'-thymidine, 3',5'-uridine and 3',5'-citidine monophosphates in rat. (nih.gov)
Growth1
- In bacteria, the level of cAMP varies depending on the medium used for growth. (dadamo.com)
Specific1
- Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assays and RT-PCR revealed that Trps1 regulated cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D (Pde4d) expression. (bvsalud.org)
Early2
Brain1
- Parcellated cyclic AMP signaling is likely to be functionally critical at neuropeptidergic, and catecholamine-modulated as well as glutamate-driven synapses in the brain. (nih.gov)