Cyclic amp receptor protein. Medical search

A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at several promoters. Cyclic AMP receptor protein was originally identified as a catabolite gene activator protein. It was subsequently shown to regulate several functions unrelated to catabolism, and to be both a negative and a positive regulator of transcription. Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins, which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

Cell surface proteins that bind cyclic AMP with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized cyclic AMP receptors are those of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The transcription regulator CYCLIC AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN of prokaryotes is not included nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.

An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that causes vascular wilts on a wide range of plant species. It was formerly named Erwinia chrysanthemi.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

In eukaryotes, a genetic unit consisting of a noncontiguous group of genes under the control of a single regulator gene. In bacteria, regulons are global regulatory systems involved in the interplay of pleiotropic regulatory domains and consist of several OPERONS.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.

A protein which is a subunit of RNA polymerase. It effects initiation of specific RNA chains from DNA.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

A transcription factor found in BACTERIA that positively and negatively regulates the expression of proteins required for the uptake and catabolism of L-ARABINOSE.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Catabolic repression of secB expression is positively controlled by cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein-cAMP complexes at the transcriptional level. (1/488)

SecB, a protein export-specific chaperone, enhances the export of a subset of proteins across cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia coli. Previous studies showed that the synthesis of SecB is repressed by the presence of glucose in the medium. The derepression of SecB requires the products of both the cya and crp genes, indicating that secB expression is under the control of catabolic repression. In this study, two secB-specific promoters were identified. In addition, 5' transcription initiation sites from these two promoters were determined by means of secB-lacZ fusions and primer extension. The distal P1 promoter appeared to be independent of carbon sources, whereas the proximal P2 promoter was shown to be subject to control by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP)-cAMP complexes. Gel-mobility shift studies showed that this regulation results from direct interaction between the secB P2 promoter region and the CRP-cAMP complex. Moreover, the CRP binding site on the secB gene was determined by DNase I footprinting and further substantiated by mutational analysis. The identified secB CRP binding region is centered at the -61.5 region of the secB gene and differed from the putative binding sites predicted by computer analysis. (+info)

The cyclic AMP receptor protein is dependent on GcvA for regulation of the gcv operon. (2/488)

The Escherichia coli gcv operon is transcriptionally regulated by the GcvA, GcvR, Lrp, and PurR proteins. In this study, the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) is shown to be involved in positive regulation of the gcv operon. A crp deletion reduced expression of a gcvT-lacZ fusion almost fourfold in glucose minimal (GM) medium. The phenotype was complemented by both the wild-type crp gene and four crp alleles that encode proteins with amino acid substitutions in known activating regions of CRP. A cyaA deletion also resulted in a fourfold decrease in gcvT-lacZ expression, and wild-type expression was restored by the addition of cAMP to the growth medium. A cyaA crp double deletion resulted in levels of gcvT-lacZ expression identical to those observed with either single mutation, showing that CRP and cAMP regulate through the same mechanism. Growth in GM medium plus cAMP or glycerol minimal medium did not result in a significant increase in gcvT-lacZ expression. Thus, the level of cAMP present in GM medium appears to be sufficient for regulation by CRP. DNase I footprint analysis showed that CRP binds and protects two sites centered at bp -313 (site 1) and bp -140 (site 2) relative to the transcription initiation site, but a mutational analysis demonstrated that only site 1 is required for CRP-mediated regulation of gcvT-lacZ expression. Expression of the gcvT-lacZ fusion in a crp gcvA double mutant suggested that CRP's role is dependent on the GcvA protein. (+info)

Role of ArgR in activation of the ast operon, encoding enzymes of the arginine succinyltransferase pathway in Salmonella typhimurium. (3/488)

The ast operon, encoding enzymes of the arginine succinyltransferase (AST) pathway, was cloned from Salmonella typhimurium, and the nucleotide sequence for the upstream flanking region was determined. The control region contains several regulatory consensus sequences, including binding sites for NtrC, cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), and ArgR. The results of DNase I footprintings and gel retardation experiments confirm binding of these regulatory proteins to the identified sites. Exogenous arginine induced AST under nitrogen-limiting conditions, and this induction was abolished in an argR derivative. AST was also induced under carbon starvation conditions; this induction required functional CRP as well as functional ArgR. The combined data are consistent with the hypothesis that binding of one or more ArgR molecules to a region between the upstream binding sites for NtrC and CRP and two putative promoters plays a pivotal role in modulating expression of the ast operon in response to nitrogen or carbon limitation. (+info)

Mapping cyclic nucleotide-induced conformational changes in cyclicAMP receptor protein by a protein footprinting technique using different chemical proteases. (4/488)

CyclicAMP receptor protein (CRP) regulates transcription of numerous genes in Escherichia coli. Both cAMP and cGMP bind CRP, but only cAMP induces conformational changes that dramatically increase the specific DNA binding activity of the protein. We have shown previously that our protein footprinting technique is sensitive enough to detect conformational changes in CRP by cAMP [Baichoo N, Heyduk T. 1997. Biochemistry 36:10830-10836]. In this work, conformational changes in CRP induced by cAMP and cGMP binding were mapped and quantitatively analyzed by protein footprinting using iron complexed to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ([Fe-DTPA]2-), iron complexed to ethylenediaminediacetic acid ([Fe-EDDA]), iron complexed to desferrioxamine mesylate ([Fe-HDFO]+), and copper complexed to o-phenanthroline ([(OP)2Cu]+) as proteases. These chemical proteases differ in size, charge, and hydrophobicity. Binding of cAMP to CRP resulted in changes in susceptibility to cleavage by all four proteases. Cleavage by [Fe-EDDA] and [Fe-DTPA]2- of CRP-cAMP detected hypersensitivities in the DNA-binding F alpha-helix, the interdomain hinge, and the ends of the C alpha-helix, which is involved in intersubunit interactions. [Fe-EDDA] and [Fe-DTPA]2- also detected reductions in cleavage in the D and E alpha-helices, which are involved in DNA recognition. Cleavage by [Fe-HDFO]+ of CRP-cAMP detected hypersensitivities in beta-strand 8, the B alpha-helix, as well as in parts of the F and C alpha-helices. [Fe-HDFO]+ also detected protections from cleavage in beta-strands 4 to 5 and their intervening loop, beta-strand 7, which is part of the nucleotide binding pocket, as well as in the D and E alpha-helices. Cleavage by [(OP)2Cu]+ of CRP-cAMP detected hypersensitivities in beta-strands 9 and 11 as well as in the D and E alpha-helices. [(OP)2Cu]+ also detected protections in the C alpha-helix , the interdomain hinge, and beta-strands 2-7. Binding of cGMP to CRP resulted in changes in susceptibility to cleavage only by [(OP)2Cu]+, which detected minor protections in beta-strands 3-7, the interdomain hinge, and the C alpha-helix. These results show that binding of cAMP causes structural changes in CRP in the nucleotide binding domain, the interdomain hinge, the DNA binding domain, and regions involved in intersubunit interaction. Structural changes induced by binding of cGMP appear to be very minor and confined to the nucleotide binding domain, the interdomain hinge, and regions involved in intersubunit interaction. Use of different cleaving agents in protein footprinting seems to give a more detailed picture of structural changes than the use of a single protease alone. (+info)

The medium-/long-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (fadF) gene of Salmonella typhimurium is a phase 1 starvation-stress response (SSR) locus. (5/488)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an enteric pathogen that causes significant morbidity in humans and other mammals. During their life cycle, salmonellae must survive frequent exposures to a variety of environmental stresses, e.g. carbon-source (C) starvation. The starvation-stress response (SSR) of S. typhimurium encompasses the genetic and physiological realignments that occur when an essential nutrient becomes limiting for bacterial growth. The function of the SSR is to produce a cell capable of surviving long-term starvation. This paper reports that three C-starvation-inducible lac fusions from an S. typhimurium C-starvation-inducible lac fusion library are all within a gene identified as fadF, which encodes an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACDH) specific for medium-/long-chain fatty acids. This identification is supported by several findings: (a) significant homology at the amino acid sequence level with the ACDH enzymes from other bacteria and eukaryotes, (b) undetectable beta-oxidation levels in fadF insertion mutants, (c) inability of fad insertion mutants to grow on oleate or decanoate as a sole C-source, and (d) inducibility of fadF::lac fusions by the long-chain fatty acid oleate. In addition, the results indicate that the C-starvation-induction of fadF is under negative control by the FadR global regulator and positive control by the cAMP:cAMP receptor protein complex and ppGpp. It is also shown that the fadF locus is important for C-starvation-survival in S. typhimurium. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that fadF is induced within cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells, suggesting that signals for its induction (C-starvation and/or long-chain fatty acids) may be present in the intracellular environment encountered by S. typhimurium. However, fadF insertion mutations did not have an overt effect on mouse virulence. (+info)

The molecular basis of the instability of a crp- mutation in Escherichia coli. (6/488)

We have described a rapid spontaneous conversion in the stationary phase of Escherichia coli strain DOO (crp-) cells as a whole population to crp+ state (Sugino and Morita, 1994). In this paper we have tried to elucidate the molecular basis of this unidirectional conversion by cloning and sequencing of the crp gene in their crp+ and crp- states. We have found that in the original crp- strain, an IS2 element has been inserted between its original promoter and the coding region of the crp gene in the so-called orientation II (Ahmed et al., 1981), accompanied by an 11 bp deletion. Unexpectedly, the crp+ "revertants" derived from the crp- mutant had no difference in sequence from the crp-, either in the coding or the regulatory region. This suggests that a change at another locus, such that this change somehow activates the expression of the crp gene to the level of a normal crp+, is responsible for the apparent reversion from crp- to crp+. (+info)

Role of multiple CytR binding sites on cooperativity, competition, and induction at the Escherichia coli udp promoter. (7/488)

The CytR repressor fulfills dual roles as both a repressor of transcription from promoters of the Escherichia coli CytR regulon and a co-activator in some circumstances. Transcription is repressed by a three-protein complex (cAMP receptor protein (CRP)-CytR-CRP) that is stabilized by cooperative interactions between CRP and CytR. However, cooperativity also means that CytR can recruit CRP and, by doing so, can act as a co-activator. The central role of cooperativity in regulation is highlighted by the fact that binding of the inducer, cytidine, to CytR is coupled to CytR-CRP cooperativity; this underlies the mechanism for induction. Similar interactions at the different promoters of the CytR regulon coordinate expression of the transport proteins and enzymes required for nucleoside catabolism but also provide differential expression of these genes. A fundamental question in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation is how combinatorial mechanisms of this sort regulate differential expression. Recently, we showed that CytR binds specifically to multiple sites in the E. coli deoP promoter, thereby providing competition for CRP binding to CRP operator site 1 (CRP1) and CRP2 as well as cooperativity. The effect of the competition at this promoter is to negate the role of CytR in recruiting CRP. Here, we have used quantitative footprint and mobility shift analysis to investigate CRP and CytR binding to the E. coli udp promoter. Here too, we find that CytR both cooperates and competes for CRP binding. However, consistent with both the distribution of CytR recognition motifs in the sequence of the promoter and the regulation of the promoter, the competition is limited to CRP2. When cytidine binds to CytR, the effect on cooperativity is very different at the udp promoter than at the deoP2 promoter. Cooperativity with CRP at CRP1 is nearly eliminated, but the effect on CytR-CRP2 cooperativity is negligible. These results are discussed in relation to the current structural model of CytR in which the core, inducer-binding domain is tethered to the helix-turn-helix, DNA-binding domain via flexible peptide linkers. (+info)

Control of acid resistance in Escherichia coli. (8/488)

Acid resistance (AR) in Escherichia coli is defined as the ability to withstand an acid challenge of pH 2.5 or less and is a trait generally restricted to stationary-phase cells. Earlier reports described three AR systems in E. coli. In the present study, the genetics and control of these three systems have been more clearly defined. Expression of the first AR system (designated the oxidative or glucose-repressed AR system) was previously shown to require the alternative sigma factor RpoS. Consistent with glucose repression, this system also proved to be dependent in many situations on the cyclic AMP receptor protein. The second AR system required the addition of arginine during pH 2.5 acid challenge, the structural gene for arginine decarboxylase (adiA), and the regulator cysB, confirming earlier reports. The third AR system required glutamate for protection at pH 2.5, one of two genes encoding glutamate decarboxylase (gadA or gadB), and the gene encoding the putative glutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter (gadC). Only one of the two glutamate decarboxylases was needed for protection at pH 2.5. However, survival at pH 2 required both glutamate decarboxylase isozymes. Stationary phase and acid pH regulation of the gad genes proved separable. Stationary-phase induction of gadA and gadB required the alternative sigma factor sigmaS encoded by rpoS. However, acid induction of these enzymes, which was demonstrated to occur in exponential- and stationary-phase cells, proved to be sigmaS independent. Neither gad gene required the presence of volatile fatty acids for induction. The data also indicate that AR via the amino acid decarboxylase systems requires more than an inducible decarboxylase and antiporter. Another surprising finding was that the sigmaS-dependent oxidative system, originally thought to be acid induced, actually proved to be induced following entry into stationary phase regardless of the pH. However, an inhibitor produced at pH 8 somehow interferes with the activity of this system, giving the illusion of acid induction. The results also revealed that the AR system affording the most effective protection at pH 2 in complex medium (either Luria-Bertani broth or brain heart infusion broth plus 0.4% glucose) is the glutamate-dependent GAD system. Thus, E. coli possesses three overlapping acid survival systems whose various levels of control and differing requirements for activity ensure that at least one system will be available to protect the stationary-phase cell under naturally occurring acidic environments. (+info)

"Downregulation of the Escherichia coli guaB promoter by upstream-bound cyclic AMP receptor protein". Journal of Bacteriology. ... The gua operon is repressed by GMP and is induced by AMP. Similarly AMP synthesis is repressed by AMP itself while it is ... While growing on media in which growth rates are low, cAMP binds to a cAMP receptor protein forming a complex which has ... One method through which this happens is the DnaA protein. DnaA is a protein which recognises the origin of replication, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua_Operon

In Escherichia coli, cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) can regulate the transcription of more than 100 genes. The signal to ... cAMP receptor protein (CRP; also known as catabolite activator protein, CAP) is a regulatory protein in bacteria. CRP protein ... CRP then activates transcription through direct protein-protein interactions with RNA polymerase. The genes regulated by CRP ... in which protein-protein interactions between CRP and RNA polymerase assist binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. Busby S ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP_receptor_protein

"Hepcidin directly inhibits transferrin receptor 1 expression in astrocytes via a cyclic AMP-protein kinase A pathway". Glia. 59 ... 4H+ outside Although the heme proteins are the most important class of iron-containing proteins, the iron-sulfur proteins are ... To be absorbed, dietary iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as heme protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe2+ form ... Iron-containing proteins participate in transport, storage and used of oxygen. Iron proteins are involved in electron transfer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_in_biology

"Hepcidin directly inhibits transferrin receptor 1 expression in astrocytes via a cyclic AMP-protein kinase A pathway". Glia. 59 ... To be absorbed, dietary iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as heme protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe2+ form ... Most cell types take up iron primarily through receptor-mediated endocytosis via transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), transferrin ... the interactions of transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor 2 with transferrin and the hereditary hemochromatosis protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism

It has also been shown that cyaR expression is tightly controlled by the cyclic AMP receptor protein, CRP. A comparative ... This small RNA was shown to be bound by the Hfq protein. This RNA has been renamed as CyaR for (cyclic AMP-activated RNA). It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RyeE_RNA

Polayes DA, Rice PW, Garner MM, Dahlberg JE (July 1988). "Cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein as a repressor of ... cAMP-receptor protein) complex. Spot42 is found in 100-200 copies per cell when cells are grown in glucose, and is reduced 3-4 ... Furthermore, in a spf deletion mutant a gene encoding a pirin-like protein was upregulated 16 folds. Pirin has key roles in the ... In E. coli Spot 42 accumulates under growth in the presence of glucose (i.e., when adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot_42_RNA

... from slime molds are a distinct family of G-protein coupled receptors. These receptors control development ... G protein-coupled receptors, Protein domains, Protein families, Membrane proteins, All stub articles, Transmembrane receptor ... In D. discoideum, the cyclic AMP receptors coordinate aggregation of individual cells into a multicellular organism, and ... cAMP receptor protein Devreotes PN, Kimmel AR, Johnson RL, Klein PS, Sun TJ, Saxe III CL (1988). "A chemoattractant receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_AMP_receptors

"Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP Receptor Protein Influence both Synthesis and Uptake of Extracellular Autoinducer 2 in Escherichia ... Rezzonico, F.; Duffy, B. (2008). "Lack of genomic evidence of AI-2 receptors suggests a non-quorum sensing role for luxS in ... "Chemistry - Queen Mary University of London". Rezzonico, F.; Smits, T.H.M.; Duffy, B. (2012). "Detection of AI-2 receptors in ... Although the luxS gene, which encodes the protein responsible for AI-2 production is widespread, the latter has mainly a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoinducer-2

"Dual control for transcription of the galactose operon by cyclic AMP and its receptor protein at two interspersed promoters". ... For this repressor protein to function properly, the operon also contains a histone binding site to facilitate this process. An ... Activity of this repressor protein is controlled based on the levels of D-galactose in the cell. Increased levels of this sugar ... This looping requires the presence of the histone-like protein, HU to facilitate the formation of the structure and allow for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal_operon

First discovered in Gram-negative bacteria, both Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP) function in sucrose ... The covalent complex was experimentally isolated by chemical modification of the protein using NaIO4 after addition of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose_phosphorylase

araC encodes the AraC protein, which regulates activity of both the PBAD and PC promoters. The cyclic AMP receptor protein CAP ... Schleif R. AraC protein, regulation of the L-arabinose operon in Escherichia coli, and the light switch mechanism of AraC ... The N-terminal arm of AraC interacts with its DNA binding domain, allowing two AraC proteins to bind to the O2 and I1 operator ... Schleif R. AraC protein: a love-hate relationship. Bioessays 2003, 25:274-282. Reed WL, Schleif RF. Hemiplegic Mutations in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBAD_promoter

Flanking rpoSp are two putative cAMP-CRP (cyclic AMP-cAMP receptor protein) binding sites that seem to control rpoS ... Sigma factors are proteins that regulate transcription in bacteria. Sigma factors can be activated in response to different ... However, the RNA-binding protein Hfq is implicated in the process. Hfq binds to rpoS mRNA in vitro and may thereby modify rpoS ... The gene rpoS (RNA polymerase, sigma S, also called katF) encodes the sigma factor sigma-38 (σ38, or RpoS), a 37.8 kD protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RpoS

... cyclic AMP receptor - cyclic AMP receptor protein - cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein - cyclic electron flow - cyclic ... prostaglandin receptor - protein - protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein ... fusion oncogene protein G protein - G protein-coupled receptor - G3P - GABA - GABA receptor - GABA-A receptor - gag-onc fusion ... protein P16 - protein P34cdc2 - protein precursor - protein structure prediction - protein subunit - protein synthesis - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

... cyclic AMP receptor protein) positively regulated the activity of many genes. These studies serve as a paradigm for the ... the first general mechanism of positive gene regulation in bacteria showing that cyclic AMP and its receptor protein CRP ( ... Additionally, with his colleague Jesse Roth, he was the first to clearly demonstrate the presence of specific protein receptors ... Besides being one of the first 3 laboratories to obtain the DNA sequence of the EGF receptor, they showed that the EGF receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Pastan

"Neural expression of G protein-coupled receptors GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12 up-regulates cyclic AMP levels and promotes neurite ... G protein-coupled receptor 6, also known as GPR6, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GPR6 gene. GPR6 is a member of ... GPR6 up-regulates cyclic AMP levels and promotes neurite outgrowth. Cannabidiol Lysophospholipid receptor GRCh38: Ensembl ... G protein-coupled receptors, All stub articles, Transmembrane receptor stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR6

They are Gs/a coupled and can stimulate neurons by indirectly activating cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The DRD1 gene ... histamine H3 receptor, μ opioid receptor, NMDA receptor, and adenosine A1 receptor. D1-D2 receptor complex D1−H3−NMDAR receptor ... The D1 receptor forms heteromers with the following receptors: dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine D3 receptor, ... It is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD1 gene. D1 receptors are the most abundant kind of dopamine receptor in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_receptor_D1

... stimulation of this receptor is known to effectively decrease cyclic AMP levels and downregulate the activity of protein kinase ... is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins. It is coupled to Gq protein. Binding ... "Phosphorylation of human m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and protein kinase C". ... G protein-coupled receptors, Human proteins, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M5

"Differential A1-adenosine receptor reserve for inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation and G-protein activation in DDT1 MF-2 ... cyclic AMP accumulation or elimination, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. The 35S labelled radioligand of the ... binding assay for analysis of ligand potency and efficacy at G protein-coupled receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology. 161 ... This usually occurs rapidly, and the GTP-binding protein can then only be activated by exchanging the GDP for a new GTP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTPgammaS

Epinephrine binds to a receptor protein that activates adenylate cyclase. The latter enzyme causes the formation of cyclic AMP ... two molecules of cyclic AMP bind to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, which activates it allowing the catalytic ... Calcium ions or cyclic AMP (cAMP) act as secondary messengers. This is an example of negative control. The calcium ions ... This latter enzyme is itself activated by protein kinase A and deactivated by phosphoprotein phosphatase-1. Protein kinase A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesis

... thereby reducing the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cyclic AMP. The human protein is coded by the DRD4 on ... The dopamine receptor D4 is a dopamine D2-like G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the DRD4 gene on chromosome 11 at 11p15.5 ... "Modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by different human dopamine D4 receptor variants". Journal of Neurochemistry. 65 ... The D4 receptor is considered to be D2-like in which the activated receptor inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_receptor_D4

The G protein (Golf and/or Gs) in turn activates the lyase - adenylate cyclase - which converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP). The ... Olfactory Receptor Database Human Olfactory Receptor Data Exploratorium (HORDE) Olfactory+Receptor+Protein at the US National ... Olfactory receptors, Sensory receptors, Olfactory system, Neurophysiology, Integral membrane proteins, Protein families). ... These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The olfactory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor

... cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases MeSH D12.644.360.200.125.500 - beta-adrenergic receptor kinase MeSH D12.644.360.200.150 - ... smad6 protein MeSH D12.644.360.024.334.200.700 - smad7 protein MeSH D12.644.360.024.334.500 - smad proteins, receptor-regulated ... tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated peptides and proteins MeSH D12.644.360.024.500.500 - tnf receptor-associated factor 1 ... 14-3-3 proteins MeSH D12.644.360.024.318 - proto-oncogene proteins c-crk MeSH D12.644.360.024.326 - proto-oncogene proteins c- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.644)

Gαs activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by stimulating the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP. This is accomplished by ... Whereas G proteins are activated by G protein-coupled receptors, they are inactivated by RGS proteins (for "Regulator of G ... 5 Gβ proteins, and 12 Gγ proteins. G protein can refer to two distinct families of proteins. Heterotrimeric G proteins, ... These include receptor antagonists, neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter reuptake, G protein-coupled receptors, G proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein

... receptor domain by protein kinases. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (protein kinase A) are activated by the signal chain ... transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors ( ... G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are key modulators of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. They constitute a ... G protein-coupled receptors database List of MeSH codes (D12.776) Metabotropic receptor Orphan receptor Pepducins, a class of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor

The activated OR in turn activates the intracellular G-protein, GOLF (GNAL), adenylate cyclase and production of cyclic AMP ( ... The surface of the cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a type of G protein-coupled receptor. Each olfactory receptor ... but many separate olfactory receptor cells express ORs which bind the same set of odors. The axons of olfactory receptor cells ... An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a sensory neuron within the olfactory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor_neuron

When released, ADH binds to V2 G-protein coupled receptors within the distal convoluted tubules, increasing cyclic AMP, which ... it acts on proteins called aquaporins and more specifically aquaporin 2 in the following cascade. ... couples with protein kinase A, stimulating translocation of the aquaporin 2 channel stored in the cytoplasm of the distal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

Patrizio M, Colucci M, Levi G (2001). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein decreases cyclic AMP synthesis in rat ... It is regulated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, protein kinases, and calcium. The type 9 adenylyl cyclase is a ... cyclic AMP generation, Ig production, and B-cell receptor expression". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 105 (5): 975-82. doi:10.1067/ ... Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADCY9

This mechanism was postulated on the basis that the predominant signaling protein and receptor present in WAT are PGE2 and EP3 ... Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase decreases the conversion of cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP. Lower levels of cAMP decrease the ... PGE2 enters the signaling pathway binding to G protein-coupled receptor (EP3) which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. ... "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HRASLS3

... the G-protein complex associated with the receptor cannot activate production of cyclic AMP, which is responsible for turning ... Sotalol non-selectively binds to both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors preventing activation of the receptors by their ... Sotalol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker which has both class II and class III antiarrhythmic properties. ... Kassotis J, Sauberman RB, Cabo C, Wit AL, Coromilas J (November 2003). "Beta receptor blockade potentiates the antiarrhythmic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotalol

... often cyclic AMP) to indirectly open ion-channels. Direct ion-channel controlling receptors can respond in microseconds, ... A slow-acting receptor that acts through a G-protein (guanine nucleotide-binding protein) that stimulates second-messengers ( ... Acetylcholine receptors are of two types: A fast-acting ion-channel controlled receptor. ... whereas indirect second-messenger controlling receptors take milliseconds to produce a response. When leptophos binds to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptophos

... by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (30): 20070-8. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... SHIP1 can also interact with other inhibitory receptors and contribute to negative signaling. Overall, the protein functions as ... pathways independently on its catalytic activity by serving as a bridge for other proteins thereby regulate protein-protein ... for example T cell receptor (TCR) and CD79a/b. SHIP1 does not bind only to intracellular chains of cell surface receptor. Its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INPP5D

Chow CW, Davis RJ (Jan 2000). "Integration of calcium and cyclic AMP signaling pathways by 14-3-3". Molecular and Cellular ... NFATC4+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text ... a preexisting cytosolic component that translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and an inducible ... Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC4 gene. The product of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFATC4

Cholera: ADP-ribosylation caused by cholera toxin results in increased production of cyclic AMP which in turn opens the CFTR ... "Protein kinase C epsilon-dependent regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator involves binding to a receptor for ... at the 508th position on the protein. As a result, the protein does not fold normally and is more quickly degraded. The vast ... at position 508 in the CFTR protein. This altered protein never reaches the cell membrane because it is degraded shortly after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis_transmembrane_conductance_regulator

The G-protein activates a downstream signalling cascade that causes increased level of cyclic-AMP (cAMP), which trigger ... In the olfactory system, odorant molecules in the mucus bind to G-protein receptors on olfactory cells. ... A receptor cell converts the energy in a stimulus into an electrical signal. Receptors are broadly split into two main ... through taste receptor cells, G proteins, ion channels, and effector enzymes. In the somatosensory system the sensory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(physiology)

... activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of glucagon-induced elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( ... inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor SHP ... AMP) (as opposed to a change in total AMP or total AMP/adenosine triphosphate) which could activate AMPK allosterically at high ... "Metformin and phenformin activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart by increasing cytosolic AMP concentration". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

2008). "Structure of Epac2 in complex with a cyclic AMP analogue and RAP1B". Nature. 455 (7209): 124-7. Bibcode:2008Natur.455.. ... Ras-related protein Rap-1b, also known as GTP-binding protein smg p21B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1B ... 2004). "Contribution of protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 and glycoprotein Ib-IX-V in the G(i)-independent activation of ... 2004). "The GTPase-activating protein Rap1GAP uses a catalytic asparagine". Nature. 429 (6988): 197-201. Bibcode:2004Natur.429 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAP1B

AMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as cyclic AMP (or cAMP). Within certain cells the enzyme adenylate cyclase makes ... Though the γ-subunit can bind AMP/ADP/ATP, only the binding of AMP/ADP results in a conformational shift of the enzyme protein ... Ming D, Ninomiya Y, Margolskee RF (August 1999). "Blocking taste receptor activation of gustducin inhibits gustatory responses ... AMP Or AMP may be produced by the hydrolysis of one high energy phosphate bond of ADP: ADP + H2O → AMP + Pi AMP can also be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate

... action potentials have been shown to induce BDNF-dependent phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB ... Neural backpropagation occurs in this window to interact with NMDA receptors at the apical dendrites by assisting in the ... Rózsa, B; Katona, G; Kaszás, A; Szipöcs, R; Vizi, ES (Jan 2008). "Dendritic nicotinic receptors modulate backpropagating action ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_backpropagation

... is a cyclic AMP binding protein. Members of the RAS subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP- ... 2002). "The semaphorin receptor plexin-B1 signals through a direct interaction with the Rho-specific nucleotide exchange factor ... 1999). "nRap GEP: a novel neural GDP/GTP exchange protein for rap1 small G protein that interacts with synaptic scaffolding ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 4 (2): 141-50. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAPGEF2

September 2004). "Cyclic AMP promotes growth and secretion in human polycystic kidney epithelial cells". Kidney International. ... Polycystin-1, the protein encoded by the PKD1 gene, is present on these cilia and is thought to sense the flow with its large ... The underlying beneficial mechanism of increased water intake may be related to effects on the vasopressin V2 receptor or may ... which in turn is suggested to increase due to secondary effects from an increased intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_dominant_polycystic_kidney_disease

Yoshida, M., Inaba, K., Ishida, K. and Morisawa, M. (1994) Calcium and cyclic AMP mediate sperm activation, but Ca2+ alone ... cAMP and protein kinase A as well as soluble guanylyl cyclase, cGMP, inositol trisphosphate receptor and store-operated Ca2+ ... Cyclic GMP possibly opens cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) K+-selective channels, thereby causing hyperpolarization of the ... comparing receptor occupancy over time) rather than spatially (comparing receptor occupancy over space). This is because the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_chemotaxis

... cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in human epithelial cells expressing the FLT-1 receptor". Growth Factors. 19 (3): 193-206. doi: ... There are three isoforms of this protein: PGF-1, PGF-2, PGF-3. PGF-1 is specifically found in the colon as well as mammary ... Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGF gene. Placental growth factor (PGF) is a ... Serum levels of PGF and sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, also known as soluble VEGF receptor-1) are altered in women ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_growth_factor

Hoeffler JP, Meyer TE, Yun Y, Jameson JL, Habener JF (Dec 1988). "Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein: structure based on ... "The role of protein kinase A pathway and cAMP responsive element-binding protein in androgen receptor-mediated transcription at ... Pandey SC (Oct 2004). "The gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein: role in positive and ... This protein is a CREB transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CREB1

... cAMP or cyclic AMP) is a second messenger that has been implicated in facilitating mushroom body calcium influx in Drosophila ... Protein kinase A (PKA) has been found to play an important role in learning and memory in Drosophila. When calcium enters a ... which acts as a memory formation suppressor through one of its inhibitory GABAergic receptors. Decrease in calcium response of ... Both long-term memory traces that have been mapped depend on activity and protein synthesis of CREB and CaMKII, and only exist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_bodies

... binds to the IP receptor in the lung tissue which will cause G protein activation and lead to three major effects ... Through a complementary, yet cyclic AMP-independent pathway, treprostinil activates PPARs, another mechanism that contributes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treprostinil

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which phosphorylates and deactivates certain G protein coupled receptors . When the ... or inhibiting adenylyl cyclase leading to the intracellular increase or decrease of the secondary messenger cyclic AMP. For ... Portal: Biology (Protein pages needing a picture, G proteins, Protein complexes). ... "Targeting G protein-coupled receptor signaling at the G protein level with a selective nanobody inhibitor". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex

This showed that the missing membrane protein was responsible for mediating hormonal signal to cyclic AMP by producing GTP. His ... G proteins are a vital intermediary between the extracellular activation of receptors (G protein-coupled receptors) on the cell ... and that cyclic AMP is produced only when hormones (the first messengers) bind on the cell surface. Cyclic AMP is formed from ... thereby losing their ability to produce cyclic AMP. This was due to loss of proteins in these cancer cells. When he introduced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman

"Alteration of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site in the c-Fos protein augments its transforming ... Joel PB, Smith J, Sturgill TW, Fisher TL, Blenis J, Lannigan DA (Apr 1998). "pp90rsk1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated ... Zaheer A, Lim R (Feb 1997). "Protein kinase A (PKA)- and protein kinase C-phosphorylated glia maturation factor promotes the ... Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KA1 gene. This gene encodes a member of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPS6KA1

... which causes the creation of cyclic AMP (cAMP). As the intracellular concentration of cAMP rises, protein kinase A (PKA) is ... Alpha cells have 5-HT1f receptors which are triggered by the binding of serotonin. Once activated, these receptors suppress the ... Kasaragod, Vikram Babu; Schindelin, Hermann (2019-08-07). "Structure of Heteropentameric GABAA Receptors and Receptor-Anchoring ... "Structure-Function Relationships of Glycine and GABAA Receptors and Their Interplay With the Scaffolding Protein Gephyrin". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_cell

"Conversion of protein kinase to a cyclic AMP independent form by affinity chromatography on N0-caproyl 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine ... or receptor and ligand. The method was subsequently adopted for a variety of other techniques. Specific uses of affinity ... To purify, proteins are tagged e.g. using His-tags or GST (glutathione-S-transferase) tags, which can be recognized by a metal ... In 1971, Wilchek and colleagues applied this method to show that protein kinase is composed of regulatory and catalytic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir_Wilchek

... cyclic AMP). Some protein hormones also interact with intracellular receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus by an ... These receptors belong to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. To bind their receptors, these ... Hormones are ligands, which are any kinds of molecules that produce a signal by binding to a receptor site on a protein. ... Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell, resulting in a change in cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone

All adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) are G-protein-coupled receptors. The four receptor subtypes are further ... Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase. "Caffeine has a three- ... Its derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. Cyclic adenosine ... The A1 receptors couple to Gi/o and decreases cAMP levels, while the A2 adenosine receptors couple to Gs, which stimulates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine

At high concentrations, cyclic di-AMP binds to receptor and target proteins to control specific pathways. Elevated c-di-AMP ... Cyclic di-AMP (also called c-di-AMP and c-di-adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in ... Cyclic di-AMP has also been linked to bacterial RNA synthesis inhibition. c-di-AMP stimulates the production of (p)ppGpp, an ... December 2012). "The helicase DDX41 recognizes the bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_di-AMP

2007). "Cyclic AMP Stimulates SF-1-Dependent CYP11A1 Expression through Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 3-Mediated Jun N ... 1999). "Activation of Androgen Receptor Function by a Novel Nuclear Protein Kinase". Mol. Biol. Cell. 9 (9): 2527-43. doi: ... Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HIPK3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Kim YH, Choi CY, Lee SJ, Conti MA, Kim Y (Nov 1998). "Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases, a novel family of co-repressors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPK3

Expression from this promoter is dependent on direct activation by the cyclic AMP receptor protein, which binds to a target ... Activation of sigma 28-dependent transcription in Escherichia coli by the cyclic AMP receptor protein requires an unusual ... Expression from this promoter is dependent on direct activation by the cyclic AMP receptor protein, which binds to a target ... only the trg promoter is activated directly by the cyclic AMP receptor protein. The organization of the different promoter ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19843224/

Transcription from the Escherichia coli melR promoter is dependent on the cyclic AMP receptor protein. Gene. 68(2), 297-305 ... Mutations that alter the ability of the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein to activate transcription. Nucleic acids ... Alterations in the binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein at the Escherichia coli galactose operon regulatory region. ... Binding of the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein to DNA fragments containing consensus nucleotide sequences. The ...

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ccs/people/kevin.gaston

It was a most exciting lab because in this lab cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor protein were discovered. That became the ... a negative control protein that causes gene repression. Iras protein, cyclic AMP receptor, is a positive control which turns ... Cyclic AMP was just discovered. It happened just at that time, and I was fascinated, and Ira wanted to combine biochemistry and ... At the time Ira had other research on eukaryotic cell cultures and hormones and effect of cyclic AMP on fibroblasts. I was not ...

https://history.nih.gov/x/wIHi

1991) Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase at serines 1755 and 1589. ... 1994) Phosphorylation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 269:8701 ... Microsomal membrane proteins (50 μg protein/lane for antibody SP-3A, 8 μg protein/lane for SP-2A) were separated by SDS-PAGE on ... Genetic and molecular data presented here demonstrate that the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) protein, ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/17/2/635

Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling. Sussman CR, Wang X, Chebib FT ... mPGES-2 protein is mainly expressed in the renal cortex and the outer stripe of the outer medulla. cPGES is diffusely expressed ... Endothelial cell prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 is essential for blood pressure homeostasis. Xu H, Fang B, Du S, Wang S, Li Q, ... Localization of prostaglandin E2 synthases and E-prostanoid receptors in the spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=29104159

Regulation of the endothelial cell urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. Evidence for cyclic AMP-dependent and protein ... 5. A 55,000-60,000 Mr receptor protein for urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Identification in human tumor cell lines and ... Inhibition of receptor-bound urokinase by plasminogen-activator inhibitors.. Ellis V; Wun TC; Behrendt N; Rønne E; Danø K. J ... Regulation of urokinase receptors in monocytelike U937 cells by phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate.. Picone R; Kajtaniak ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=2156717&mod=related&page=1&from=&outid=&proj=

CYCLIC AMP 1987; CATABOLIC GENE ACTIVATORS was see RECEPTORS, CYCLIC AMP 1977-87. Online Note. use CYCLIC AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN ... Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP ... Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP ... Catabolite Gene Activator Proteins Catabolite Regulator Protein Catabolite Regulator Proteins Cyclic AMP Receptor Proteins Gene ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002373

Beta Adrenergic Sensitization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors to Ethanol Involves a Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A Second- ... Modulation of the NMDA Receptor by Cyanide: Enhancement of Receptor-Mediated Responses Peiwen Sun, Stanley G. Rane, Palur G. ... Comparison of the Water Diuretic Activity of KappaReceptor Agonists and a Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist in Dogs David P. ... Protein Phosphatase in Neuroblastoma Cells: [3H]Cantharidin Binding Site in Relation to Cytotoxicity Charles W. Laidley, ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/280/3

Slow, or metabotropic, neurotransmitters act through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to alter intracellular cyclic AMP or ... of specific target genes in neuroendocrine cells through a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism that does not require protein kinase ... is a neuropeptide slow transmitter that elevates post-synaptic cyclic AMP (through Gs) and calcium (through Gq and other ... Jiang SZ, Xu W, Emery AC, Gerfen CR, Eiden MV, Eiden LE (2017). NCS-Rapgef2, the Protein Product of the Neuronal Rapgef2 Gene, ...

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/research-conducted-at-nimh/principal-investigators/lee-eiden

... cyclic AMP receptor protein 43.7 ng/mL, creatine kinase 514 U/L. Cultures of blood, stool, and urine samples were negative for ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/4/04-0893

... ansB and its regulation by cyclic AMP receptor and FNR proteins. J. Bacteriol., 172: 1491-1498.. Direct Link ... The attachment of PEG molecules to a protein can modify the interaction capabilities or active sites of the protein (L- ... In case of toxicities arising out of inhibited protein synthesis, normal tissues with high rates of protein synthesis (e.g., ... L-asparagine is an amino acid required by cells for the synthesis of protein molecules and survival of the cells. L-asparagine ...

https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ijp.2014.182.199

... of capsaicin-activated currents in the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is decreased by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase pathway ... Several receptors including G-protein coupled prostaglandin receptors have been reported to functionally interact with the ... mu opioid agonist morphine modulates potentiation of capsaicin-evoked TRPV1 responses through a cyclic AMP-dependent protein ... Identification and characterization of a novel human vanilloid receptor-like protein, VRL-2. Delany, N.S., Hurle, M., Facer, P ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/7442.html

... which in turn downregulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) and inactivates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA depletion was previously associated ... Subsequent experiments established that LINK-A activates G-coupled protein receptor pathways (GPCR), ... Those same crucial proteins in the antigen-presenting machinery were marked for destruction by the cells proteasome - further ... A slice of RNA that doesnt code for a protein manages to stifle tumor-suppressing genes and wreck the cellular mechanism that ...

https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/cancer-frontline/long-non-coding-rna-implicated-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer.h00-159303834.html

Caption: This is a computer model of the defined structure for the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) found in Mycobacterium ... found inside most types of bacteria-the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein, or CRP-in its "off" state. CRP is the "binding site ... a protein called tubulin (shown in green), which is strictly a cytoplasmic protein, shows up as long filaments that co-opt a ... Long-sought protein structure may help reveal how gene switch works. On February 8, 2009. February 8, 2009. By DeryaIn ...

https://biosingularity.wordpress.com/2009/02/

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate multiple cyclic AMP sensors (effectors) to regulate neuronal function. Previous ... studies in our laboratory have shown that the neuritogenic cyclic AMP sensor (NCS), encoded by the Rapgef2 gene, is involved in ... D1 receptor-mediated activation of ERK in CNS (Jiang et al, 2017). D1-dependent ERK activation, in both forebrain and ventral ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/2018/posters/role-rapgef2-behavioral-effects-cocaine-mouse

... cyclic AMP receptor protein CRP,cyclic AMP receptor protein CRP,cyclic AMP receptor protein CRP,cyclic AMP receptor protein Cs, ... C reactive protein CRP,c-AMP receptor protein CRP,c-AMP receptor protein CRP,c-AMP receptor protein CRP,c-AMP receptor protein ... C-reactive-protein CRP,cAMP receptor protein CRP,cAMP receptor protein CRP,cAMP receptor protein CRP,cAMP receptor protein CRP, ... cyclase associated protein Cap,cyclase-associated protein Cap,cyclic alternating pattern Cap,cyclic AMP receptor protein Cap, ...

https://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/LSG/Projects/lvg/current/docs/designDoc/LifeCycle/test/fa.html

use CYCLIC AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN to search CATABOLITE GENE ACTIVATOR PROTEINS 1988-93; use RECEPTORS, CYCLIC AMP to search ... Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP ... Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP ... Protein, cAMP Receptor Proteins, Catabolite Activator Proteins, Catabolite Regulator Proteins, cAMP Receptor Receptor Protein, ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=31804&filter=ths_exact_term&q=PROTE%C3%8DNA+RECEPTORA+DE+AMP+C%C3%8DCLICO

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002373

phage repressor proteins Medicine & Life Sciences 37% * Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Medicine & Life Sciences 30% ... This method is unique in that it allows resolution of both the intrinsic and cooperative Gibbs free energies for proteins which ... The goal of the proposed biophysical studies is to understand the physical mechanisms by which cooperative DNA-binding proteins ... Thermodynamic characterization of the binding and cooperative interactions among gal-repressor, catabolite activator protein ( ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/mechanisms-of-cooperative-protein-dna-interactions

An example of this is the specific binding of 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate to the cyclic AMP receptor protein, I. Pastan ... With this system, since the receptor protein is insoluble in water, it will be imbedded in a lipid bilayer structure as for ... 3. Hormone receptors and other receptors on the surface of the cell to which organic molecules will specifically bind. An ... Not only could such proteins be attached to nucleotides or polynucleotides but also such proteins could be identified per se ...

https://patents.justia.com/patent/5241060

The function of the catabolite activator protein (CAP), also known as the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), as a regulator of ... In bacteria, the most prevalent receptor proteins of 3,5-cyclic AMP (cAMP) and 3,5-cyclic GMP (cGMP) are found among ... cyclic AMP receptor protein)/FNR (fumarate and nitrate reductase regulatory protein) family called RedB, an acronym for redox ... cyclic AMP receptor protein)/FNR (fumarate and nitrate reductase regulatory protein) family of transcription factors indicate ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/?lang=pt&q=mh:Prote%C3%ADna+Receptora+de+AMP+C%C3%ADclico/metabolismo

Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein 67% * Kidney 41% * Proteins 28% * Virulence 19% 16 引文斯高帕斯（Scopus） ... CAMP receptor protein regulates mouse colonization, motility, fimbria-mediated adhesion, and stress tolerance in uropathogenic ...

https://hub.tmu.edu.tw/zh/organisations/biotechnology-executive-masters-degree-in-business-administration/publications/?page=3

Ability of E. coli Cyclic AMP receptor protein to differentiate cyclic nucelotides: Effects of single site mutations. Lin, S. H ... Ablation of the scaffold protein JLP causes reduced fertility in male mice. Iwanaga, A., Wang, G., Gantulga, D., Sato, T., ... Ablation of amyloid precursor protein increases insulin-degrading enzyme levels and activity in brain and peripheral tissues. ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/?ordering=type&showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2011&publicationYear=2012&publicationYear=2013&publicationYear=2015&publicationYear=2016&publicationYear=2020&format=&nofollow=true&descending=false&page=5

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism; Estradiol/metabolism; Estradiol/pharmacology; Estrogen Receptor alpha/ ... Abstract: The nuclear hormone receptor, estrogen receptor α (ERα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play key roles ... Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics*; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism*; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase ... Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=1723538

Increases intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) leads to insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose concentrations. ... a membrane bound cell-surface receptor coupled to adenylyl cyclase by the stimulatory G-protein, Gs, in pancreatic beta cells. ... Hypertensives agents that are useful in the diabetic population include ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/925700-176539/what-is-a-proposed-management-algorithm-for-pediatric-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-dm

Crp/fnr family transcriptional regulator, cyclic amp receptor protein; Can bind cyclic AMP. Is a global regulator of virulence ... Crp/fnr family transcriptional regulator, cyclic amp receptor protein; Can bind cyclic AMP. Is a global regulator of virulence ... Crp/fnr family transcriptional regulator, cyclic amp receptor protein; Can bind cyclic AMP. Is a global regulator of virulence ... Edges represent protein-protein associations. associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly ...

https://string-db.org/network/287.DR97_1672

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/925700-treatment

Cyclic AMP N0000169877 Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein N0000169855 Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator N0000169862 Cyclic AMP ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I N0000178580 Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II N0000170598 Cyclic AMP- ... Element-Binding Protein N0000169868 Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein A N0000178795 Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein ... Cyclic N0000170820 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate N0000168976 Receptors, Cyclic AMP N0000170851 Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP ...

https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/FDA/ndfrt/Archive/StructuralClass%202013-10-07.txt

cAMP acts as an intracellular signaling molecule by activating cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. ... Cell Receptor, or discriminator point -- A chemical group or molecule, such as a protein, on a cells surface or in the cell ... G proteins -- A protein with GTPase activity that binds GTP, which activates the protein. The intrinsic GTPase activity ... Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) -- One of the four nucleotides in an RNA molecule. Two phosphates are added to AMP to form ATP. ...

https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/gg/feature/glossary

Trabucchi M Physiological and Pharmacological Influences on Dopaminergic Receptors in the Retina Advances in Biochemical ... The cyclic AMP was assayed using the activation of a purified cAMP dependent protein kinase described by Kuo and Greengard (12 ... "Physiological and Pharmacological Influences on Dopaminergic Receptors in the Retina". Advances in Biochemical ... These findings have led to the suggestion that in these areas the DA-stimulated adenylate cyclase and the DA receptor may be ...

https://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=3416&S=Green_AR

Several major proteins which specifically bind a photoactivatable analogue of cAMP are observed in GCPs and correspond to isoelectric variants of the regulatory subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase described in adult brain. (nih.gov)
cAMP-stimulated phosphoproteins of GCPs are similar to cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrates characterized in nerve terminals (synaptosomes) of adult brain and include the nerve terminal-specific protein, synapsin I. However, as shown in the companion paper (Katz, F., L. Ellis, and K. H. Pfenninger (1985) J. Neurosci. (nih.gov)
Protein kinase CK2 inhibition suppresses neointima formation via a proline-rich homeodomain-dependent mechanism. (nottingham.ac.uk)
We recently discovered that PACAP is capable of enhancing transcription of specific target genes in neuroendocrine cells through a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism that does not require protein kinase A (PKA). (nih.gov)
Cyclic AMP effects are mainly mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), whose R2B regulatory isoform is the most expressed in mouse adipose tissue, where it protects against diet-induced obesity and fatty liver development. (diabetesjournals.org)
Subsequent experiments established that LINK-A activates G-coupled protein receptor pathways (GPCR), which in turn downregulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) and inactivates protein kinase A (PKA). (mdanderson.org)
Genomic collaboration of estrogen receptor alpha and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 in regulating gene and proliferation programs. (nih.gov)
Our study reveals a novel paradigm with convergence of ERK2 and ERα at the chromatin level that positions this kinase to support nuclear receptor activities in crucial and direct ways, a mode of collaboration likely to underlie MAPK regulation of gene expression by other nuclear receptors as well. (nih.gov)
cAMP acts as an intracellular signaling molecule by activating cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. (nih.gov)
5. Mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase A signaling pathways stimulate cholecystokinin transcription via activation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein. (nih.gov)
12. Regulation of the preprotachykinin-I gene promoter through a protein kinase A-dependent, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein-independent mechanism. (nih.gov)
13. Nemo-like kinase as a negative regulator of nuclear receptor Nurr1 gene transcription in prostate cancer. (nih.gov)
The cyclic AMP was assayed using the activation of a purified cAMP dependent protein kinase described by Kuo and Greengard (12). (erowid.org)

The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide slow transmitter that elevates post-synaptic cyclic AMP (through Gs) and calcium (through Gq and other mechanisms) after secretion from pre-synaptic neurons. (nih.gov)
These findings have led to the suggestion that in these areas the DA-stimulated adenylate cyclase and the DA receptor may be related, and that the physiological effects of DA could be mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (erowid.org)
Hormones and neurotransmitters act by releasing the inhibitory constraints imposed by the receptors, thus allowing the GTP-regulatory proteins to interact with and control the activity of enzymes such as adenylate cyclase. (nih.gov)
ADENYLATE CYCLASE, the enzyme that produces cyclic AMP, is part of a complex regulatory system that mediates the actions of hormones and neurotransmitters on their target cells. (nih.gov)
Here I present a theoretical framework for the role of hormone receptors and N units in regulating adenylate cyclase activity. (nih.gov)
Effects of dietary-induced hyperparathyroidism on the parathyroid hormone-receptor-adenylate cyclase system of canine kidney. (jci.org)
The present studies were designed to examine the consequences of chronic mild elevations of endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vivo on the PTH receptor-adenylate cyclase system of canine kidney cortex. (jci.org)
After 6-9 wk on the diet the animals were killed and basolateral renal cortical membranes prepared for the study of the PTH receptor-adenylate cyclase system in vitro. (jci.org)
The dietary hyperparathyroidism resulted in desensitization of the PTH-responsive adenylate cyclase (Vmax 3,648 +/- 654 pmol cyclic (c)AMP/mg protein per 30 min in hyperparathyroid animals vs. 5,303 +/- 348 in normal controls). (jci.org)
Thus, dietary hyperparathyroidism resulted in an uncoupling of the PTH receptor-adenylate cyclase system. (jci.org)
These data indicate that desensitization of the PTH-responsive adenylate cyclase system of canine kidney as a result of mild chronic elevations of endogenous PTH is due to a postreceptor defect, demonstrable by NaF activation, not corrected by guanyl nucleotides, leading to abnormal PTH-receptor adenylate cyclase coupling. (jci.org)

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) -- One of the four nucleotides in an RNA molecule. (nih.gov)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) -- A nucleotide generated from ATP by adenylyl cyclase in response to the stimulation of many types of cell-surface receptors. (nih.gov)
6. Regulation of niemann-pick c1 gene expression by the 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway in steroidogenic cells. (nih.gov)

Slow', or metabotropic, neurotransmitters act through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to alter intracellular cyclic AMP or calcium levels, controlling gene transcription that encodes synaptic experience over longer periods. (nih.gov)
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate multiple cyclic AMP sensors (effectors) to regulate neuronal function. (nih.gov)

Members of the E2 class of DNA binding proteins regulate human papillomavirus (HPV) gene expression and are required for HPV replication. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Study of these proteins has provided several insights into how transcription factors find their binding sites and regulate gene expression. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Fast', or ionotropic, neurotransmitters regulate ion flux through membrane receptors to control instantaneous firing rates of receptive cells. (nih.gov)
The goal of the proposed biophysical studies is to understand the physical mechanisms by which cooperative DNA-binding proteins regulate the transcription of genes. (elsevier.com)

La proteína receptora del AMP cíclico se identificó originalmente como proteína activadora de genes catabólicos. (bvsalud.org)
A slice of RNA that doesn't code for a protein manages to stifle tumor-suppressing genes and wreck the cellular mechanism that flags cancer cells for destruction by the immune system. (mdanderson.org)
Conclusion Aside from the identified specific clusters of prodigiosin synthesis-associated genes, additional factors in the forms of enzymes, transcriptional regulators, and/or structural proteins were now speculated to also directly or indirectly contribute in varying degrees to the prodigiosin synthesis in Serratia sp. (fjnyxb.cn)

Cyclic AMP receptor proteins (CRPs) are important transcription regulators in many species. (bvsalud.org)
The focus of my research is on transcription factors and the roles that these proteins play in tumourigenesis. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Our current focus is the Proline Rich Homeodomain protein (PRH/Hhex), an oligomeric transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation and cell migration in multiple contexts. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Our previous work showed that PRH directly regulates transcription of a TGFbeta co-receptor and that this is important for the regulation of prostate cell migration by PRH. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors regulates insulin-responsive gene transcription involved in glucose production, transport, and utilization, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations and reducing hyperinsulinemia. (medscape.com)
1. Functional cyclic AMP response element in the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) promoter modulates epidermal growth factor receptor pathway- or androgen withdrawal-mediated BCRP/ABCG2 transcription in human cancer cells. (nih.gov)
4. Temporal recruitment of transcription factors at the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-response element of the human GnRH-II promoter. (nih.gov)

Cyclic AMP receptor protein was originally identified as a catabolite gene activator protein. (nih.gov)

A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP , acts at several promoters. (nih.gov)
The cellular protein components of this 'non-canonical' cAMP transcriptional activation pathway are not known, although its importance in mediating cellular plasticity in the synaptic response to stress in both brain and peripheral neuroendocrine networks is quickly becoming clear. (nih.gov)

Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included ( CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS ), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins, which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES . (nih.gov)
Catalyzes the transfer of the ADP ribosyl moiety of oxidized NAD (NAD(+)) onto eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) thus arresting protein synthesis. (string-db.org)

These data suggest that the convulsions and ataxia observed in opt mice may be caused by the physiological dysregulation of a functional IP 3 R1 protein. (jneurosci.org)
A target cell responds to a hormone because it contains functional receptors for that hormone. (nih.gov)
Our recent finding that ComP is the long sought DUS receptor in Neisseria species paves the way for the functional analysis of the DUS-ComP interdependence which is reported here. (prelekara.sk)
Functional Analysis of the Interdependence between DNA Uptake Sequence and Its Cognate ComP Receptor during Natural Transformation in Species. (prelekara.sk)

RESULTS- Expression techniques showed that R2B was the most abundant regulatory protein, both at mRNA and protein level. (diabetesjournals.org)
Thermodynamic characterization of the binding and cooperative interactions among gal-repressor, catabolite activator protein (CAP), and RNA polymerase as a function of the allosteric regulatory molecules galactose and cAMP is proposed in order to develop a comprehensive physical- chemical description of the regulation of the goal operon. (elsevier.com)
8. Regulation of steroidogenesis and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein by a member of the cAMP response-element binding protein family. (nih.gov)

Genetic and molecular data presented here demonstrate that the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP 3 R1) protein, which serves as an IP 3 -gated channel to release calcium from intracellular stores, is altered in the opt mutant. (jneurosci.org)
Nonetheless, a strong calcium release from intracellular stores can be elicited in cerebellar Purkinje neurons treated with the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist quisqualate (QA). (jneurosci.org)
QA activates Group I mGluRs linked to GTP-binding proteins that stimulate phospholipase C and subsequent production of the intracellular messenger IP 3 , leading to calcium mobilization via the IP 3 R1 protein. (jneurosci.org)

Specific areas of expertise include RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing and related bioinformatics, protein-DNA interactions, cell migration and cell invasion assays, and the analysis of signal transduction pathways. (nottingham.ac.uk)
His work at the NIH has focused on stimulus-secretion-synthesis coupling, characterization of the vesicular and secretory proteins mediating chemically coded neurotransmission, including chromogranin A, VMAT1, VMAT2, and VAChT and signaling pathways underlying neuropeptide-mediated stress responses. (nih.gov)
10. Up-regulation of breast cancer resistance protein plays a role in HER2-mediated chemoresistance through PI3K/Akt and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways in MCF7 breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)

Expression from this promoter is dependent on direct activation by the cyclic AMP receptor protein, which binds to a target centred 49.5 base pairs upstream from the transcript start. (nih.gov)
G proteins -- A protein with GTPase activity that binds GTP, which activates the protein. (nih.gov)

This method is unique in that it allows resolution of both the intrinsic and cooperative Gibbs free energies for proteins which bind to multiple, specific-sites on DNA. (elsevier.com)
Can bind cyclic AMP. (string-db.org)
It is now clear that the actions of both hormones (through their specific receptors) and fluoride ion are mediated through pro- teins that bind GTP. (nih.gov)

The intrinsic GTPase activity eventually converts the GTP to GDP that activates the protein. (nih.gov)

17. [Regulation mechanism of breast cancer resistance protein by toremifene to reverse BCRP-mediated multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells]. (nih.gov)

1500 structures of protein-DNA complexes now available in the Protein Data Bank, we argue that individual DNA-binding proteins combine multiple readout mechanisms to achieve DNA-binding specificity. (nih.gov)
Specificity that distinguishes between families frequently involves base readout in the major groove, whereas shape readout is often exploited for higher resolution specificity, to distinguish between members within the same DNA-binding protein family. (nih.gov)
Our work investigated the DNA binding specificity of the HPV E2 proteins and their effects on gene regulation and cell survival. (nottingham.ac.uk)

The drug is highly selective and is a potent agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). (medscape.com)

Biosynthesis of the purines AMP and GMP in Escherichia coli is a many-staged process supported by a complex network of enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the neuritogenic cyclic AMP sensor (NCS), encoded by the Rapgef2 gene, is involved in D1 receptor-mediated activation of ERK in CNS (Jiang et al, 2017). (nih.gov)
7. Induction of human NF-IL6beta by epidermal growth factor is mediated through the p38 signaling pathway and cAMP response element-binding protein activation in A431 cells. (nih.gov)

NaF-stimulated enzyme activity was reduced in the hyperparathyroid animals (8,285 +/- 607 pmol cAMP/mg protein per 30 min vs. 10,851 +/- 247 in controls). (jci.org)

The cancer lacks expression of the therapeutic target HER2 and both targets for hormonal therapy -- estrogen and progesterone receptors. (mdanderson.org)
The nuclear hormone receptor, estrogen receptor α (ERα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play key roles in hormone-dependent cancers, and yet their interplay and the integration of their signaling inputs remain poorly understood. (nih.gov)

This theory may apply generally to membrane signal transduction involving surface receptors. (nih.gov)
Located at the outer membrane surface is the receptor (R) component containing a specific site for binding of hormones and neurotransmitters. (nih.gov)

Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-binding proteins and cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation were examined in growth cone particles (GCPs) prepared from fetal rat brain. (nih.gov)
We found no evidence for differential compartmentalization of specific cAMP-binding proteins in subcellular fractions of fetal brain or within GCPs. (nih.gov)
15. 5-Aminolaevulinate synthase gene promoter contains two cAMP-response element (CRE)-like sites that confer positive and negative responsiveness to CRE-binding protein (CREB). (nih.gov)

In addition, biotin-labeled nucleotides can be selectively immunoprecipitated in the presence of antibiotin antibody and Staphylococcus aurea, Protein A. These unique features of biotin-labeled polynucleotides suggest that they are useful affinity probes for the detection and isolation of specific DNA and RNA sequences. (justia.com)

Specific interactions between proteins and DNA are fundamental to many biological processes. (nih.gov)

Its antitumor effect results from the depletion of asparagine, an amino acid essential to leukemia cells and subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis leading to cytotoxicity. (scialert.net)
GTP has a special role in microtubule assembly, protein synthesis, and cell signaling. (nih.gov)

Proline-Rich Homeodomain protein (PRH/HHEX) is a suppressor of breast tumour growth. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Goosecoid protein is a homeodomain protein that was first identified in XENOPUS. (harvard.edu)

PMID- 214392 TI - Regulation of lipogenesis by adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate in chicken liver in vitro. (nih.gov)
PMID- 214393 TI - Regulation of growth & metabolism of ovariectomised rat uterus by adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate. (nih.gov)

1) During Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) epithelial cells begin to express different cell adhesion proteins and they start to become more migratory. (nottingham.ac.uk)
2) Our recent work has shown that the PRH protein is important in bile duct cells and in bile duct cancer. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Cells that do not have such a receptor cannot be influenced directly by that hormone. (nih.gov)
2. Changes in androgen receptor nongenotropic signaling correlate with transition of LNCaP cells to androgen independence. (nih.gov)
Although its structure remains unknown, N, must have highly conserved recognition sites that allow it to activate C derived from a variety of cells and to 'couple' with the several types of receptors that mediate the stimulatory actions of hormones. (nih.gov)

In this review, we provide a revised view of protein-DNA interactions that emphasizes the importance of the three-dimensional structures of both macromolecules. (nih.gov)
We divide protein-DNA interactions into two categories: those when the protein recognizes the unique chemical signatures of the DNA bases (base readout) and those when the protein recognizes a sequence-dependent DNA shape (shape readout). (nih.gov)
The E2 proteins are an excellent model system in which to study DNA-protein interactions. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Among other E. coli promoters recognized by RNA polymerase containing sigma(28), only the trg promoter is activated directly by the cyclic AMP receptor protein. (nih.gov)

Those same crucial proteins in the antigen-presenting machinery were marked for destruction by the cell's proteasome - further evidence that LINK-A helps tumors evade immune system detection. (mdanderson.org)

Spano PF, Govoni S, Hofmann M, Kumakura K, Trabucchi M. "Physiological and Pharmacological Influences on Dopaminergic Receptors in the Retina" Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology . (erowid.org)

Goosecoid Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

Cell Receptor, or discriminator point -- A chemical group or molecule, such as a protein, on a cell's surface or in the cell interior with an affinity for a specific chemical group, molecule, or virus. (nih.gov)

Cocaine-Dependent Acquisition of Locomotor Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference Requires D1 Dopaminergic Signaling through a Cyclic AMP, NCS-Rapgef2, ERK, and Egr-1/Zif268 Pathway. (nih.gov)

Calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation. (nih.gov)

The advantage of our model is that it includes relationships between the reaction rate, the concentrations of three substrates (GTP, IMP and ASP), the effects of five inhibitors (GMP, GDP, AMP, ASUC and SUCC), and the influence of Mg 2+ ions. (biomedcentral.com)

First identified* with GTP-photoaffinity analogues as a heat-stable 42,000 molecular weight protein in detergent extracts of avian erythrocytes, the protein (N,) has been shown to exist in a variety of cell membranes. (nih.gov)

20. Cyclic AMP-receptor proteins in human salivary glands. (nih.gov)
Our previous work looked at the human papillomavirus E2 proteins. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFbeta) is up-regulated in many tumours and this protein can induce EMT and increase cell migration. (nottingham.ac.uk)
An analysis of triple negative breast cancer patients who had been treated with the PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab showed that non-responders had high levels of LINK-A and notably lower expression of proteins involved in presenting antigens on the cell surface for immune targeting. (mdanderson.org)

Properties and role of RN complexes In classical theories of hormone action, the binding event leads the receptor to adopt a structure that is favourable for action. (nih.gov)

Depending on the type of R and N unit attached to C, the holoenzyme exhibits either increased or decreased production of cyclic AMP. (nih.gov)

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes22

Information Science3

Catabolic repression of secB expression is positively controlled by cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein-cAMP complexes at the transcriptional level. (1/488)

The cyclic AMP receptor protein is dependent on GcvA for regulation of the gcv operon. (2/488)

Role of ArgR in activation of the ast operon, encoding enzymes of the arginine succinyltransferase pathway in Salmonella typhimurium. (3/488)

Mapping cyclic nucleotide-induced conformational changes in cyclicAMP receptor protein by a protein footprinting technique using different chemical proteases. (4/488)

The medium-/long-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (fadF) gene of Salmonella typhimurium is a phase 1 starvation-stress response (SSR) locus. (5/488)

The molecular basis of the instability of a crp- mutation in Escherichia coli. (6/488)

Role of multiple CytR binding sites on cooperativity, competition, and induction at the Escherichia coli udp promoter. (7/488)

Control of acid resistance in Escherichia coli. (8/488)

Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein

Receptors, Cyclic AMP

Cyclic AMP

Escherichia coli

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Operon

Escherichia coli Proteins

Bacterial Proteins

DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases

Base Sequence

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Lac Operon

Galactose

DNA, Bacterial

Molecular Sequence Data

Pectobacterium chrysanthemi

Transcription, Genetic

Genes, Bacterial

DNA Footprinting

beta-Galactosidase

Binding Sites

Plasmids

Regulon

Mutation

Protein Binding

Carrier Proteins

Lactose

Sigma Factor

Mutagenesis, Insertional

Amino Acid Sequence

Genes, Regulator

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

Allosteric Regulation

DNA-Binding Proteins

Repressor Proteins

AraC Transcription Factor

Protein Conformation

Gene Deletion

Arabinose

Anaerobiosis

Trans-Activators

Dictyostelium

Adenylate Cyclase

Cloning, Molecular

Kinetics

Transcription Factors

Models, Molecular

Transcriptional Activation

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Glucose

DNA

Salmonella typhimurium

Bucladesine

Restriction Mapping

Genetic Complementation Test

Gene Expression Regulation

Catabolic repression of secB expression is positively controlled by cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein-cAMP complexes at the transcriptional level. (1/488)

The cyclic AMP receptor protein is dependent on GcvA for regulation of the gcv operon. (2/488)

Role of ArgR in activation of the ast operon, encoding enzymes of the arginine succinyltransferase pathway in Salmonella typhimurium. (3/488)

Mapping cyclic nucleotide-induced conformational changes in cyclicAMP receptor protein by a protein footprinting technique using different chemical proteases. (4/488)

The medium-/long-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (fadF) gene of Salmonella typhimurium is a phase 1 starvation-stress response (SSR) locus. (5/488)

The molecular basis of the instability of a crp- mutation in Escherichia coli. (6/488)

Role of multiple CytR binding sites on cooperativity, competition, and induction at the Escherichia coli udp promoter. (7/488)

Control of acid resistance in Escherichia coli. (8/488)

Gua Operon

CAMP receptor protein

Iron in biology

Human iron metabolism

RyeE RNA

Spot 42 RNA

Cyclic AMP receptors

Autoinducer-2

Gal operon

Sucrose phosphorylase

PBAD promoter

RpoS

Index of biochemistry articles

Ira Pastan

GPR6

Dopamine receptor D1