Cyclic amp dependent protein kinase type i. Medical search

A cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in SMOOTH MUSCLE tissues and plays a role in regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Two isoforms, PKGIalpha and PKGIbeta, of the type I protein kinase exist due to alternative splicing of its mRNA.

A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.

A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type II-specific regulatory subunits.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed predominantly in INTESTINES, BRAIN, and KIDNEY. The protein is myristoylated on its N-terminus which may play a role its membrane localization.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in the CYTOPLASM. They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type I-specific regulatory subunits.

A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in neuronal tissues; T-LYMPHOCYTES and TESTIS. The activity of this enzyme is regulated by its phosphorylation by CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in a broad variety of mammalian cell types. Its expression is regulated by the action of CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE. Several isoforms of this enzyme subtype are encoded by distinct genes.

A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. It has a lower affinity for cAMP than the CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RIBETA SUBUNIT.

Toluenes in which one hydrogen of the methyl group is substituted by an amino group. Permitted are any substituents on the benzene ring or the amino group.

A group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group onto an alcohol group acceptor. EC 2.7.1.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

A species of ciliate protozoa. It is used in biomedical research.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase. A phosphotransferase that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the presence of ATP. It has four isozymes (L, R, M1, and M2). Deficiency of the enzyme results in hemolytic anemia. EC 2.7.1.40.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

A cytoplasmic serine threonine kinase involved in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. Overexpression of this enzyme has been shown to promote PHOSPHORYLATION of BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and chemoresistance in human acute leukemia cells.

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Specific enzyme subunits that form the active sites of the type I and type II cyclic-AMP protein kinases. Each molecule of enzyme contains two catalytic subunits.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.

A ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that is involved in a variety of cellular SIGNAL PATHWAYS. Its activity is regulated by a variety of signaling protein tyrosine kinase.

Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine. Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It is potentially useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Cell surface proteins that bind cyclic AMP with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized cyclic AMP receptors are those of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The transcription regulator CYCLIC AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN of prokaryotes is not included nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

An aspect of protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) in which serine residues in protamines and histones are phosphorylated in the presence of ATP.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A protein kinase C subtype that was originally characterized as a CALCIUM-independent, serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHORBOL ESTERS and DIACYLGLYCEROLS. It is targeted to specific cellular compartments in response to extracellular signals that activate G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS; and intracellular protein tyrosine kinase.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

PKC beta encodes two proteins (PKCB1 and PKCBII) generated by alternative splicing of C-terminal exons. It is widely distributed with wide-ranging roles in processes such as B-cell receptor regulation, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional regulation, insulin signaling, and endothelial cell proliferation.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that is primarily expressed in the TESTES and BRAIN. Variants of this subtype exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its mRNA.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.

A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a serine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and serine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs).

RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA).

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.

A family of serine-threonine kinases that bind to and are activated by MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS such as RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS and CDC42 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN. They are intracellular signaling kinases that play a role the regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

An abundant 43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase subtype with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A homologous family of regulatory enzymes that are structurally related to the protein silent mating type information regulator 2 (Sir2) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sirtuins contain a central catalytic core region which binds NAD. Several of the sirtuins utilize NAD to deacetylate proteins such as HISTONES and are categorized as GROUP III HISTONE DEACETYLASES. Several other sirtuin members utilize NAD to transfer ADP-RIBOSE to proteins and are categorized as MONO ADP-RIBOSE TRANSFERASES, while a third group of sirtuins appears to have both deacetylase and ADP ribose transferase activities.

A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at several promoters. Cyclic AMP receptor protein was originally identified as a catabolite gene activator protein. It was subsequently shown to regulate several functions unrelated to catabolism, and to be both a negative and a positive regulator of transcription. Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins, which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.

A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A sirtuin family member found primarily in the CELL NUCLEUS. It is an NAD-dependent deacetylase with specificity towards HISTONES and a variety of proteins involved in gene regulation.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and the RETINOID X RECEPTORS. It takes part in a SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway that is activated in response to cellular stress.

A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.

A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.

The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.

An indolocarbazole that is a potent PROTEIN KINASE C inhibitor which enhances cAMP-mediated responses in human neuroblastoma cells. (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;214(3):1114-20)

Tumor-promoting compounds obtained from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium). Some of these are used in cell biological experiments as activators of protein kinase C.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

An adaptor protein complex found primarily on perinuclear compartments.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. It regulates a diverse array of functions such as CELL DIVISION, microtubule function and APOPTOSIS.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A serine-threonine protein kinase that, when activated by DNA, phosphorylates several DNA-binding protein substrates including the TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53 and a variety of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A 235-kDa cytoplasmic protein that is also found in platelets. It has been localized to regions of cell-substrate adhesion. It binds to INTEGRINS; VINCULIN; and ACTINS and appears to participate in generating a transmembrane connection between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Highly conserved protein-serine threonine kinases that phosphorylate and activate a group of AGC protein kinases, especially in response to the production of the SECOND MESSENGERS, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,-biphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3).

Inhibition of T cell activation by cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate requires lipid raft targeting of protein kinase A type I by the A-kinase anchoring protein ezrin. (1/23)

cAMP negatively regulates T cell immune responses by activation of type I protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn phosphorylates and activates C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) in T cell lipid rafts. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, far-Western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescense analyses, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown, we identified Ezrin as the A-kinase anchoring protein that targets PKA type I to lipid rafts. Furthermore, Ezrin brings PKA in proximity to its downstream substrate Csk in lipid rafts by forming a multiprotein complex consisting of PKA/Ezrin/Ezrin-binding protein 50, Csk, and Csk-binding protein/phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains. The complex is initially present in immunological synapses when T cells contact APCs and subsequently exits to the distal pole. Introduction of an anchoring disruptor peptide (Ht31) into T cells competes with Ezrin binding to PKA and thereby releases the cAMP/PKA type I-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation. Finally, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Ezrin abrogates cAMP regulation of IL-2. We propose that Ezrin is essential in the assembly of the cAMP-mediated regulatory pathway that modulates T cell immune responses. (+info)

Prostaglandin E2 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha RNA through PKA type I. (2/23)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine that may contribute to the pathogenesis of septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and diabetes. Prostaglandins endogenously produced by macrophages act in an autocrine fashion to limit TNF-alpha production. We investigated the timing and signaling pathway of prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha production in Raw 264.7 and J774 macrophages. TNF-alpha mRNA levels were rapidly modulated by PGE(2) or carbaprostacylin. PGE(2) or carbaprostacyclin prevented and rapidly terminated on-going TNF-alpha gene transcription within 15 min of prostaglandin treatment. Selective activation of PKA type I, but not PKA type II or Epac, with chemical analogs of cAMP was sufficient to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA levels. The mechanisms by which prostaglandins limit TNF-alpha mRNA levels may underlie endogenous regulatory mechanisms that limit inflammation, and may have important implications for understanding chronic inflammatory disease pathogenesis. (+info)

Protein kinase A RI-alpha predicts for prostate cancer outcome: analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trial 86-10. (3/23)

(+info)

Protein kinase A type I and type II define distinct intracellular signaling compartments. (4/23)

(+info)

Dual specificity A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) contain an additional binding region that enhances targeting of protein kinase A type I. (5/23)

(+info)

The differential regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-mediated steroidogenesis by type I and type II PKA in MA-10 cells. (6/23)

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Protein expression in salivary glands of rats with streptozotocin diabetes. (7/23)

(+info)

The importance of protein kinase A in prostate cancer: relationship to patient outcome in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 92-02. (8/23)

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"MTG8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes". ... Protein CBFA2T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX1T1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a putative zinc ... with serine/threonine protein kinases and heat shock protein HSP90 in human hematopoietic cell lines". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 90 ( ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode:2005Natur. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RUNX1T1

Huang W, Zhou X, Lefebvre V, de Crombrugghe B (June 2000). "Phosphorylation of SOX9 by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A ... August 1999). "Functional and structural studies of wild type SOX9 and mutations causing campomelic dysplasia". The Journal of ... SOX9+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) SOX9 human gene location in the UCSC ... The Sox9 protein has been implicated in both initiation and progression of multiple solid tumors. Its role as a master ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOX9

1996), "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK) in human B cells: co-localization of type I cAK (RIα2C2) with the antigen ... 1991), "Cyclic AMP modulation of human B cell proliferative responses: role of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in enhancing B ... Saxena, M. (1999), "Crosstalk between cAMP-dependent kinase and MAP kinase through a protein tyrosine phosphatase", Nat. Cell ... 1993), "Protein kinase A antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor-induced signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk_(biology)

... type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5 ... "MTG8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes". ... "Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein". The EMBO Journal. 16 (1): 35-43. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.1.35. ... "A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKAR2A

"Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates merlin at serine 518 independently of p21-activated kinase and promotes ... it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein ... protein kinase A, and p21 activated kinases. Work in Drosophila identified Merlin as an upstream regulator of the Hippo tumor ... Merlin is a member of the ERM family of proteins including ezrin, moesin, and radixin, which are in the protein 4.1 superfamily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_(protein)

... two sites on glycogen synthetase phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and their dephosphorylation by protein ... Patients with type 2 diabetes normally exhibit low glycogen storage levels because of impairments in insulin-stimulated ... "A reinvestigation of the phosphorylation of rabbit skeletal-muscle glycogen synthase by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. ... protein kinase A (PKA), and casein kinase 2 (CK2). Each of these protein kinases lead to phosphorylated and catalytically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_synthase

Pan, X, Heitman, J (July 1999). "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces ... "Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are controlled by the mating-type-specific homeodomain protein ... Pan, X, Heitman, J (June 2002). "Protein kinase A operates a molecular switch that governs yeast pseudohyphal differentiation ... Lorenz, MC, Pan, X, Harashima, T, Cardenas, ME, Xue, Y, Hirsch, JP, Heitman, J (February 2000). "The G protein-coupled receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Heitman

In eukaryotes, cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase). PKA is normally ... are not cAMP-dependent. Further effects mainly depend on cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which vary based on the type of cell. ... Not all protein kinases respond to cAMP. Several classes of protein kinases, including protein kinase C, ... Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate

... cyclic AMP or cAMP), which activates protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). This enzyme, in turn, activates ... It may occur alone or in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Elevated glucagon is the main contributor to ... cAMP binds to protein kinase A, and the complex phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase. Phosphorylated phosphorylase kinase ... The enzyme protein kinase A (PKA) that was stimulated by the cascade initiated by glucagon will also phosphorylate a single ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon

"Direct phosphorylation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: mechanism of enzyme activation". ... Tyrosine hydroxylase is also an autoantigen in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome (APS) type I. A consistent abnormality in ... that are phosphorylated by a variety of protein kinases. Ser40 is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Ser19 ( ... is phosphorylated by the calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. MAPKAPK2 (mitogen-activated-protein kinase-activating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_hydroxylase

A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs), which target cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to various sites in the cell. This ... Such as type 4 collagen Shaw, Andrey S.; Filbert, Erin L. (January 2009). "Scaffold proteins and immune-cell signalling". ... Huntingtin protein co-localizes with ATM repair protein at sites of DNA damage. Huntingtin is a scaffolding protein in the ATM ... In three-kinase signaling cascades, scaffolds bind all three kinases, enhancing kinase specificity and restricting signal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffold_protein

... which in turn produces cyclic AMP (cAMP). Protein kinase A, whose activation is dependent on the increased levels of cAMP, is ... "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel ... The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa protein that is activated by glucagon and is a member of the class B G-protein coupled family ... "Receptor activity modifying protein-directed G protein signaling specificity for the calcitonin gene-related peptide family of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon_receptor

By the late 1960s, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase had been purified, and most attention was centered on kinases and ... Casein kinase activity was found to be present in most cell types and to be associated with multiple enzymes. The type 1 casein ... "Synergistic phosphorylation of rabbit muscle glycogen synthase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and casein kinase I. ... Hanks SK, Hunter T (May 1995). "Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein_kinase_1

Through these studies, the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling has been identified as a key mediator of cortisol ... The treatment approach for the functioning cases of adrenocortical adenoma depends on the type of disorders they induce and ... and the mutations associated with the dysregulation of cyclic AMP - protein kinase A pathways have been implicated in the ... The term "Cushing's disease" refers specifically to "secondary hypercortisolism" classified as "ACTH-dependent Cushing's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocortical_adenoma

Expression of the promoter is shown to be induce by phorbol esters and cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase signaling. The four ... Circadian clocks dysregulation is associated with many types of cancer. PFKFB3 expression exhibits circadian rhythmicity that ... due to phosphorylation of Ser-460 by PKA or AMP-dependent protein kinase. The high '2-Kase' activity of PFKFB3 is also due to ... September 2009). "Nuclear targeting of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) increases proliferation via cyclin-dependent kinases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFKFB3

AMP-activated protein kinase). Protein kinase A, more precisely known as adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent ... As protein expression varies from cell type to cell type, the proteins that are available for phosphorylation will depend upon ... In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP ( ... Cyclic+AMP-Dependent+Protein+Kinases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Drosophila cAMP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKACG gene. Cyclic AMP- ... 1997). "The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances serine phosphorylation of the viral matrix". J. Virol. ... 1998). "Effects of [D-Ala1] peptide T-NH2 and HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 on cyclic AMP dependent protein kinases in normal ... "Characterization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Cgamma expressed and purified from sf9 cells". Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKACG

Mayeenuddin LH, Garrison JC (January 2006). "Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the ... August 2001). "A high-resolution 6.0-megabase transcript map of the type 2 diabetes susceptibility region on human chromosome ... 5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PREX1 gene. The protein encoded ... March 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PREX1

... on the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in cows as n-tetradecanoyl. Almost simultaneously in Claude B. ... This lipidation event is the most found type of fatty acylation and is common among many organisms including animals, plants, ... "n-Tetradecanoyl is the NH2-terminal blocking group of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine ... c-Src is a gene that codes for proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, a protein important for normal mitotic cycling. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myristoylation

... nuclear located protein kinase C and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase". Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 1206-26. doi: ... involved in calcium-mediated activation of protein kinase C; the prostaglandins, which are one type of fatty-acid derived ... Many polyketides are cyclic molecules whose backbones are often further modified by glycosylation, methylation, hydroxylation, ... Parodi AJ, Leloir LF (April 1979). "The role of lipid intermediates in the glycosylation of proteins in the eucaryotic cell". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

... cyclic AMP receptor - cyclic AMP receptor protein - cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein - cyclic electron flow - cyclic ... nucleotide - cyclic peptide - cyclin - cyclin A - cyclin B - cyclin E - cyclin-dependent kinase - cycloleucine - cyclosporin - ... IGF type 1 receptor - IGF type 2 receptor - IgG - IgM - immediate-early protein - immune cell - immune system - immunoglobulin ... protein subunit - protein synthesis - protein targeting - protein translocation - protein-tyrosine kinase - protein-tyrosine- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

They are Gs/a coupled and can stimulate neurons by indirectly activating cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The DRD1 gene ... It is one of the two types of D1-like receptor family - receptors D1 and D5. It is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... January 2022). "Reversible Photocontrol of Dopaminergic Transmission in Wild-Type Animals". International Journal of Molecular ... "Regulation of transport of the dopamine D1 receptor by a new membrane-associated ER protein". Nature Cell Biology. 3 (5): 492- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_receptor_D1

Phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin protein kinase; identification ... "A unique phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV/GR". J. ... calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I by calmodulin and by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 273 ... and activation of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV by Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ia kinase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK4

It is also a substrate for the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II, and ... is frequently over-expressed and functions as an oncogene in several tumor types". Biochemical Pharmacology. 137: 1-9. doi: ... calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation mechanism". The EMBO Journal. 16 (8): 1943-52. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8. ... "Phosphorylation by protein kinase C inactivates an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase purified from human platelets". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITPKA

... encoding protein cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 BCR (22q11) encoding breakpoint cluster region protein CARD10 ... encoding protein Nucleolar protein 12 PARVB PDGFB PI4KA: encoding enzyme Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha PI4KAP2: ... A rearrangement (translocation) of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22 is associated with several types of blood ... encoding protein Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 7 homolog A RTCB: encoding protein RNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_22

AMP). Cyclic AMP activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A phosphorylates and partially activates phosphorylase kinase. ... Its effects on various tissues depend on the type of tissue and expression of specific forms of adrenergic receptors. For ... It increases peripheral resistance via α1 receptor-dependent vasoconstriction and increases cardiac output by binding to β1 ... Binding of β adrenergic receptor also increases the production of cyclic AMP. Adrenaline causes liver cells to release glucose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenaline

Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase decreases the conversion of cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP. Lower levels of cAMP decrease the ... activity of protein kinase A to phosphorylate, thereby activating, hormone-sensitive lipase. The opposite effect can be reached ... Fatty acid oxidation was also found to increase to levels of wild-type mice that were deficient in non-AdPLA deficient obese ... AdPLA activity is calcium and pH dependent. Calcium binds to AdPLA and forms a positively charged oxyanion hole to stabilize a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HRASLS3

1998). "Effects of [D-Ala1] peptide T-NH2 and HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 on cyclic AMP dependent protein kinases in normal ... 1997). "The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances serine phosphorylation of the viral matrix". J. Virol. ... Rabbi MF, al-Harthi L, Saifuddin M, Roebuck KA (1998). "The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and protein kinase C-beta pathways ... "Evidence for two additional isoforms of the endogenous protein kinase inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mouse". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKACB

Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF1 gene. This gene encodes an ... transcription factor-1 and the cAMP response element-binding protein by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases type I, II, ... cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I/II, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase and ... "The cAMP-regulated enhancer-binding protein ATF-1 activates transcription in response to cAMP-dependent protein kinase A." J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATF1

... collaboration with Paul Greengard resulted in demonstration that cAMP-dependent protein kinase, also known as protein kinase A ... By 1972 they had evidence that the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP) was produced in Aplysia ganglia under conditions ... helped close the apparent gap between the simple forms of learning often associated with invertebrates and more complex types ... "Genetic evidence for a protein-kinase-A-mediated presynaptic component in NMDA-receptor-dependent forms of long-term synaptic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Kandel

This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. Cyclic ... Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ ... "The phosphodiesterase PDE4B limits cAMP-associated PI3K/AKT-dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma". Blood. 105 ( ... The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the cellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and thereby play a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE4B

Yang TT, Xiong Q, Enslen H, Davis RJ, Chow CW (Jun 2002). "Phosphorylation of NFATc4 by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases ... Chow CW, Davis RJ (Jan 2000). "Integration of calcium and cyclic AMP signaling pathways by 14-3-3". Molecular and Cellular ... Vacca A, Farina M, Maroder M, Alesse E, Screpanti I, Frati L, Gulino A (Nov 1994). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 tat ... Molkentin JD, Lu JR, Antos CL, Markham B, Richardson J, Robbins J, Grant SR, Olson EN (Apr 1998). "A calcineurin-dependent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFATC4

July 2002). "Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes". ... February 2008). "Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent regulation of the ... activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of glucagon-induced elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( ... "Metformin and phenformin activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart by increasing cytosolic AMP concentration". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

... neurite outgrowth and protein phosphorylation by a newly synthesized selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase ... in fetal rat alveolar type II epithelium". Biochemical Pharmacology. 66 (6): 1083-9. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00456-8. PMID ... novel and potent inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C". Biochemistry. 23 (21): 5036- ... H-89 is a protein kinase inhibitor with greatest effect on protein kinase A (PKA). H-89, derived from H-8 (N-[2-(methylamino) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-89

"Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP Receptor Protein Influence both Synthesis and Uptake of Extracellular Autoinducer 2 in Escherichia ... and is recognized by the two-component sensor kinase LuxPQ in Vibrionaceae. AI-2 is actively transported by the Lsr ABC-type ... Autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (species dependent), is a member of a family of ... Although the luxS gene, which encodes the protein responsible for AI-2 production is widespread, the latter has mainly a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoinducer-2

September 2004). "Cyclic AMP promotes growth and secretion in human polycystic kidney epithelial cells". Kidney International. ... March 2005). "Progressive loss of renal function is an age-dependent heritable trait in type 1 autosomal dominant polycystic ... "Polycystin-1 activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and AP-1 is mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins". The Journal of ... which in turn is suggested to increase due to secondary effects from an increased intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_dominant_polycystic_kidney_disease

Ikeda SR (March 1996). "Voltage-dependent modulation of N-type calcium channels by G-protein beta gamma subunits". Nature. 380 ... or inhibiting adenylyl cyclase leading to the intracellular increase or decrease of the secondary messenger cyclic AMP. For ... "Mechanism of assembly of G protein betagamma subunits by protein kinase CK2-phosphorylated phosducin-like protein and the ... Portal: Biology (Protein pages needing a picture, G proteins, Protein complexes). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex

Hoffmann R, Baillie GS, MacKenzie SJ, Yarwood SJ, Houslay MD (Feb 1999). "The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific ... "Phosphorylation and activation of a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Involvement of serine ... These proteins degrade the second messenger cAMP, which is a key signal transduction molecule in multiple cell types, including ... Le Jeune IR, Shepherd M, Van Heeke G, Houslay MD, Hall IP (Sep 2002). "Cyclic AMP-dependent transcriptional up-regulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE4D

... but has no effect on protein kinase C or cyclic AMP-dependent kinase. Mutagenicity does not appear to occur for purified toxins ... Microcystin-LR inhibits protein phosphatase type 1 and type 2A (PP1 and PP2A) activities in the cytoplasm of liver cells. This ... In this way the protein phosphatase is inhibited and more phosphorylated proteins in the liver cells are left, which is ... These large proteins are made up of different protein domains, coined 'modules', that each have their own specific enzymatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcystin-LR

Nguyen, P. V., & Woo, N. H. (2003). Regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. ... This type of addition of spines occurs in a specific pattern, meaning that spines added after one task will not cluster with ... For example, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways appear to participate in neuronal ... cyclic AMP responsive element-binding protein) in this process. Certain synapses on recruited neurons are more likely to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal_memory_allocation

Then, it converts adenosine triphosphate into cyclic AMP, which activates Protein kinase A. PKA leads to protein tyrosine ... and IL-1-type cytokines involving STAT3 and its crosstalk with NF-κB-dependent signaling". European Journal of Cell Biology. 91 ... These proteins activate protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that phosphorylates various proteins important for capacitation and ... Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) regulates gene transcription through successive kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

... and adenyl cyclase converts AMP into cyclic AMP (cAMP) thereby down-regulating cAMP-responsive proteins involved in cell ... DAG activates certain protein kinase C enzymes )PKCs) that phosphorylate and thereby regulate target proteins involved in cell ... mobilize one or more types of Heterotrimeric G proteins. DP2 is classified as a "contractile" prostanoid receptor in that it ... This control involves, at least in part, the DP2-dependent activation of the male germ cell marker Nanos2 and the inhibition of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_DP2_receptor

... further effects depend mainly on cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which vary based on the type of cell. IP3/DAG pathway: PLC ... Some of them create second messengers such as cyclic AMP and IP3, the latter controlling the release of intracellular calcium ... cAMP-dependent pathway: In humans, cAMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, cAMP-dependent protein kinase) (see picture ... Histidine-specific protein kinases are structurally distinct from other protein kinases and are found in prokaryotes, fungi, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction

... as a result of interference with activation of protein kinase A (PKA), a cAMP dependent protein. Other possible pathways ... Other, indirect effects may include increased norepinephrine output, increased neuronal cyclic AMP levels, and increased levels ... SSRIs can cause various types of sexual dysfunction such as anorgasmia, erectile dysfunction, diminished libido, genital ... Jeppesen U, Gram LF, Vistisen K, Loft S, Poulsen HE, Brøsen K (1996). "Dose-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor

Patrizio M, Colucci M, Levi G (Apr 2001). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein decreases cyclic AMP synthesis in ... "Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo". The Journal of ... kinase activation in IL-10 up-regulation in human monocytes by gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". ... "Chromosomal mapping of human adenylyl cyclase genes type III, type V and type VI". Human Genetics. 94 (1): 69-73. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADCY3

Siess, Wolfgang; Eduardo, Lapetina (1990). "Functional relationship between cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation and ... phosphorylate messengers via protein kinase A (PKA). These signaling elements include thromboxane A2, receptor type α, ... Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates cGMP production and therefore the activation cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G kinase). This kinase ... In vivo phosphorylation of thromboxane by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboregulation

As a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, caffeine raises intracellular cyclic AMP, activates protein kinase A ... Caffeine content in coffee varies widely depending on the type of coffee bean and the method of preparation used; even beans ... Caffeine in a dose dependent manner increases alertness in both fatigued and normal individuals. A systematic review and meta- ... Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Caffeine is a bitter, white ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine

Powell DW, Rane MJ, Chen Q, Singh S, McLeish KR (June 2002). "Identification of 14-3-3zeta as a protein kinase B/Akt substrate ... Chow CW, Davis RJ (January 2000). "Integration of calcium and cyclic AMP signaling pathways by 14-3-3". Molecular and Cellular ... Also, 14-3-3ζ can negatively regulate the G2-M phase checkpoint by binding and sequestering the cyclin-dependent kinases to the ... Kino T, Pavlakis GN (April 2004). "Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YWHAZ

"Cyclic AMP/GMP-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channels sets the polarity of nerve growth-cone turning". Nature. 423 (6943): 990-5 ... Overall, these studies show that regulating effects of netrin is dependent on the type of vascular tissue. Recently, netrin has ... DCC and UNC-5 proteins mediate netrin-1 responses. The UNC-5 protein is mainly involved in signaling repulsion. DCC, which is ... In the first pathway, the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is bound to DCC and both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation upon netrin-1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netrin

Parry GC, Mackman N (Dec 1997). "Role of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in cyclic AMP inhibition of NF-kappaB- ... Phosphorylation of serine 311 by protein kinase C zeta type (PKCζ) serves the same purpose. Two residues in the TAD region are ... phosphorylation is required for activation of a subset of NF-kappaB-dependent genes by recruiting cyclin-dependent kinase 9/ ... TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1) and TRAF2-associated kinase (T2K)). The fact that RELA can be modified by a collection of kinases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELA

As secretin binds to these receptors, it stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and converts ATP to cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP acts ... "Retinoic acid-induced human secretin gene expression in neuronal cells is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1". Annals of the ... This type of substance is now called a hormone, a term coined by Starling in 1905. Secretin is initially synthesized as a 120 ... Also, the secretion of secretin is increased by the products of protein digestion bathing the mucosa of the upper small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretin

... phosphorylates G protein coupled receptors in an agonist-dependent manner. Since the exact sites of receptor phosphorylation by ... beta-ARK are poorly defined, the identification of substrate amino acids that are critical to phosphorylation by the kinase a … ... Protein Kinases * Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases * G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1 ... Publication types * Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt * Research Support, U.S. Govt, P.H.S. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1645191/?dopt=Abstract

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Grant support * 5RO1-HD-08700/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ... Publication types * Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt * Research Support, U.S. Govt, P.H.S. ... Dialysis with the protein kinase A inhibitor 5-24 amide (2 microM) prevented relaxins effects, suggesting an obligatory role ... I. Inhibition of I(to) via PKA-dependent phosphorylation Am J Physiol. 1997 Apr;272(4 Pt 2):H1791-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9139964/?dopt=Abstract

The increase in synaptic currents is dependent upon an increase in newly synthesized cell surface synaptic GABAA receptors and ... and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. These kinases can subsequently phosphorylate γ-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) ... cGMP-dependent protein kinase protein kinase C and Ca2+/calmodulin type II-dependent protein kinase. Neuropharmacol 36, 1377- ... aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunits by calcium/calmodulin type 2- dependent protein kinase and cGMP-dependent protein ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms8364?error=cookies_not_supported&code=ab0fd473-2a13-4502-a303-1fff083dd18c

... produces a monophasic rise in cyclic AMP that peaks at 15 s and a depletion of cycl ... There was a comparable percent activation of both types I and II mast cell cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes with ... produces a monophasic rise in cyclic AMP that peaks at 15 s and a depletion of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase that ... Mast cell mediator release as a function of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation. C M Winslow, C M Winslow ...

https://rupress.org/jem/article/154/4/1125/22835/Mast-cell-mediator-release-as-a-function-of-cyclic

... is associated with reduction of type I cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein DNA- ... Alteration of type II regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human cisplatin-resistant cells as a basis of ... Regulation of mitochondrial poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase activation by the beta-adrenoceptor/cAMP/protein kinase A axis during ... Reversal of resistance to adriamycin by 8-chloro-cyclic AMP in adriamycin-resistant HL-60 leukemia cells ...

https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/24/13/3163/80952/An-Effective-Epigenetic-PARP-Inhibitor-Combination

Steady-State Modulation of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels in Rat Arterial Smooth Muscle by Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and ... A novel phospho-modulatory mechanism contributes to the calcium-dependent regulation of T-type Ca2+ channels: J. Chemin, et al ... Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase. By biological activity:. Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase Substrate. By catalog ... Protein Phosphatase 2B: J.L. Brignell, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0121285 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract; Full Text ...

https://www.enzolifesciences.com/BML-PR104/calcineurin-inhibitory-peptide/

... of enrichment based on gene annotations from the GO and KEGG databases indicated that various structural and functional protein ... cyclic AMP (cAMP), cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ras [45]. The homolog of Cryptococcus neoformans Gα protein Gpa1 and U. ... G-protein α: "cAMP-type" alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. PKA: protein kinase A. Proteins with activating ... These six proteins consist of one protein kinase, one rheb GTPase, one endopeptidase and three hypothetical proteins. ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-14-195

Green Fluorescent Proteins 11% * Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases 11% * G-Protein-Coupled Receptors 10% ... Activity-dependent expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 in hippocampal neurons. ... Dive into the research topics of Activity-dependent expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 in hippocampal ...

https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/activity-dependent-expression-of-inositol-145-trisphosphate-recep/fingerprints/

Cyclic AMP Dependent Protein Kinase Type II Protein Kinase A, Type II Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP Dependent Protein ... Cyclic AMP Dependent Protein Kinase Type II. Protein Kinase A, Type II. Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP Dependent. Protein ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II - Preferred Concept UI. M0026999. Scope note. A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (1992-2007). Public MeSH Note:. 2008; for PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II, CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT see ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=52736&filter=ths_exact_term&q=PROTE%C3%8DNA+QUINASE+TIPO+II+DEPENDENTE+DE+AMP+C%C3%8DCLICO

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Medicine & Life Sciences 61% * Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Medicine & Life Sciences 61% ... IGF Type 1 Receptor Medicine & Life Sciences 60% * Leukocytes Medicine & Life Sciences 55% ... Tec kinase stimulates cell survival in transfected Hek293T cells and is regulated by the anti-apoptotic growth factor IGF-I in ... 8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2-O-methyladenosine-3-5-cyclic monophosphate Medicine & Life Sciences 47% ...

https://researchportal.vub.be/nl/persons/peggy-verdood

... of Type I and Type II Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinases Using Cyclic Nucleotide Analogs" ... Spectrometry of Cyclic Nucleotide Analogues Used as Site-selective Activators of Cyclic Nucleotide-dependent Protein Kinases" ... "Evidence That Cyclic Nucleotides Activating Rabbit Muscle Protein Kinase I Interact with Both Types of cAMP Binding Sites ... Pharmacol., 59, 1187 - 1201 (2000), "Transport of Cyclic AMP and Synthetic Analogs in the Perfused Rat Liver" ...

https://www.biolog.de/2-aza-camp

Whereas inhibition of protein kinase A increased TCR-induced immune responses, inhibition of PDE4 blunted T cell cytokine ... we found that the majority of cAMP was generated in T cell lipid rafts followed by activation of protein kinase A. However, ... Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, ... Whereas inhibition of protein kinase A increased TCR-induced immune responses, inhibition of PDE4 blunted T cell cytokine ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/55997?e6df861c-9f08-11ed-a592-061ab7f93640

... the anti-inflammatory effects of the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA); and 3) pro-inflammatory proteases as triggers ... airway epithelial cell release of IL-6 and IL-8 with sequential activation of the airway epithelial protein kinase C isoforms ( ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=139&RecNo=1385&View=f&

Phosphorylation of the type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and ... and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from lactating rat mammary gland by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase ... Insulin and growth factor effects on c-fos expression in normal and protein kinase C-deficient 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and ... Synergistic phosphorylation and activation of ATP-Mg-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase by F A/GSK-3 and casein kinase II ( ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34376018

... cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), noradrenaline, adrenaline (components of SNS), type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT1R ... caspase3/pS473 protein kinase B (Akt)).. Assuntos. Atenolol/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/tratamento farmacológico , ... Of beta-blocker types, Atenolol alone was associated with a 38% reduction in odds of incident CaP (P= 0.01), with a 40% and 54 ... However, the association between type of beta-blocker use and risk of incident CaP on initial prostate biopsy has not been ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/?lang=pt&q=mh:Atenolol/uso+terap%C3%AAutico

Cyclic AMP. *Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases. *Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/162744/Network/ResearchAreas

... and then activation of protein kinase A dependent (e.g., inhibition of calcium-dependent proteolysis) and independent ... The binding of catecholamines to β2 adrenoceptors initiates the G-protein-linked activation of the cyclic AMP secondary ... a "strength" type regimen, consisting of 5 sets of 5 exercises, performed with a 5RM load, and a 3-minute rest interval between ... GH initiates janus kinase 2 signaling, which activates phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, an upstream regulator of the protein ...

https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2013/10000/Exercise_and_Blood_Flow_Restriction.37.aspx

Cyclic AMP promotes cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-dependent induction of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 ... Endothelium-dependent and nitrovasodilator-induced activation of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in rat aorta. J Cyclic ... Fiscus RR, Rapoport RM, Waldman SA, Murad F. Atriopeptin II elevates cyclic GMP, activates cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase ... Cyclic GMP/protein kinase G type-Iα (PKG-Iα) signaling pathway promotes CREB phosphorylation and maintains higher c-IAP1, livin ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/48593

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates group III metabotropic glutamate receptors and inhibits their function as ... Effects of sub-chronic MPTP exposure on behavioral and cognitive performance and the microbiome of wild-type and mGlu8 knockout ... Opposing effects of protein kinase C and protein kinase a on metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling: Selective ... Sex-dependent cognitive phenotype of mice lacking mGluR8. Duvoisin, R. M., Villasana, L., Pfankuch, T. & Raber, J., May 1 2010 ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/robert-duvoisin/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

... responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) plays an important role in cognitive functions. In this study, we hypothesized ... gene locus is associated with PM in healthy individuals and contributes to knowledge on the genetics of this particular type of ... responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) plays an important role in cognitive functions. In this study, we hypothesized ... gene locus is associated with PM in healthy individuals and contributes to knowledge on the genetics of this particular type of ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00086/full

... cyclic AMP(cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) or its catalytic subunit. We find that ... Item Type:. Article. Source:. Copyright of this article belongs to National Academy of Sciences, USA. ... Hemin prevents the binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and blocks the cAMP-induced ... hemin inhibits the conversion of proinhibitor to inhibitor catalyzed by endogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase upon addition ...

http://repository.ias.ac.in/9326/

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases 84% * N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors 82% ... Photoaffinity labeling and binding studies reveal the existence of two types of phencyclidine receptors in the NCB-20 cell line ... Protein kinase C modulates NMDA receptor trafficking and gating. Lan, J. Y., Skeberdis, V. A., Jover, T., Grooms, S. Y., Lin, Y ... Protein kinase A regulates calcium permeability of NMDA receptors. Skeberdis, V. A., Chevaleyre, V., Lau, C. G., Goldberg, J. H ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/r-suzanne-zukin/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&page=2&ordering=title&descending=false

Tissue distribution of the AMP-activated protein kinase, and lack of activation by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, studied ... It was particularly intriguing that this cancer type, in which the gene encoding the downstream kinase, AMPK-α1, was often ... Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta is an alternative upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase ... The Ca2+/calmoldulin-dependent protein kinase kinases are AMP-activated protein kinase kinases ...

https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article/479/22/2327/232102/AMP-activated-protein-kinase-a-journey-from-1-to?searchresult=1

cAMP was imaged in live cells, transfected with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor based on the protein kinase ... in different cell types was studied by monitoring EF-induced changes in intracellular cAMP with biochemical and microscopic ... Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Endosomes, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Green Fluorescent Proteins ... The entry and enzymatic activity of the anthrax edema factor (EF) in different cell types was studied by monitoring EF-induced ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/237500

Use of photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to study phosphates in proteins.在哪里下载？这篇文献在哪里可以阅读？:Photoacoustic ... Effect of phosphorylation on 68 KDa neurofilament subunit protein assembly by the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase in vitro. ... A novel type of single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein recognizing a highly frequent motif in the intergenic regions of ... abstract：:The effect of phosphorylation by cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase on the assembly of the core-forming 68 KDa

https://www.shengsci.com/wenxian/2799330.html

3.3.2. Protein kinase A (Mg2+). The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (or PKA) was the first protein kinase to be ... When a single suitable ion type is determined for a water molecule, the atom type is converted internally; the occupancy is ... The small regulatory protein calmodulin binds four Ca2+ ions, which act as a switch for calmodulin binding to other proteins; ... Protein Chem. 42, 1-76. CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Harding, M. M. (1999). Acta Cryst. D55, 1432-1443. Web of Science ...

https://journals.iucr.org/d/issues/2014/04/00/lv5059/index.html

Tissue distribution of the AMP-activated protein kinase, and lack of activation by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, studied ... AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: possible roles in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol 1999. 277:E1-E10. View ... Purification and characterization of the AMP-activated protein kinase. Copurification of acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase and 3- ... Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. Gaochao Zhou,1 Robert Myers,1 Ying Li,1 Yuli Chen,1 ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13505?content_type=full

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases 9% * Exocytosis 32% * Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 78% ... Dive into the research topics of Synaptotagmin-7 phosphorylation mediates GLP-1-dependent potentiation of insulin secretion ... Synaptotagmin-7 phosphorylation mediates GLP-1-dependent potentiation of insulin secretion from β-cells. ...

https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/synaptotagmin-7-phosphorylation-mediates-glp-1-dependent-potentia/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

... indicating that they are mediated by a calcium-dependent mechanism. These findings demonstrate for the first time that ... Here we test the hypothesis that spontaneous electrical activity activates protein kinase A (PKA). We use live-cell indicators ... Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cells, Cultured, Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Enzyme Activation, Fluorescence ... Type. Journal article. Journal. J Neurosci. Publication Date. 06/12/2006. Volume. 26 ...

https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/237759?4ef8e01e-6e52-11ed-a55b-061ab7f93640

The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta-ARK) phosphorylates G protein coupled receptors in an agonist-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
The increase in synaptic currents is dependent upon an increase in newly synthesized cell surface synaptic GABA A receptors and is abolished by preventing CaMKII phosphorylation of GABA A receptors. (nature.com)
This effect is mediated by GalR(1) receptors on vagal neurons coupled to protein kinase C dependent signalling pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
Heterotrimeric G proteins located within the cell are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that span the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
These include receptor antagonists , neurotransmitters , neurotransmitter reuptake , G protein-coupled receptors , G proteins, second messengers , the enzymes that trigger protein phosphorylation in response to cAMP , and consequent metabolic processes such as glycogenolysis . (wikipedia.org)
The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck for their work on G protein-coupled olfactory receptors . (wikipedia.org)
These receptors, known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are characterized by an extracellular ligand-binding domain, seven transmembrane α helices, and an intracellular domain that interacts with G proteins (Figure 8.6). (pharmacy180.com)
[ 40 , 47 ] Two recent studies identified STING and the cytoplasmic helicase DDX41 as host cell receptors for c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP. (medscape.com)

Since the exact sites of receptor phosphorylation by beta-ARK are poorly defined, the identification of substrate amino acids that are critical to phosphorylation by the kinase are also unknown. (nih.gov)
Removal of the negatively charged amino acids surrounding a cluster of serines in this alpha 2-peptide resulted in a complete loss of phosphorylation by the kinase. (nih.gov)
Comparing a variety of kinases, only rhodopsin kinase and casein kinase II exhibited significant phosphorylation of the acidic peptides. (nih.gov)
Insulin and growth factors stimulate the phosphorylation of a Mr-22000 protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (wikidata.org)
Phosphorylation of the type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5. (wikidata.org)
A casual decision made one evening in 1976, in a bar near the Biochemistry Department at the University of Dundee, led me to start my personal research journey by following up a paper that suggested that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (believed to be a key regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis) was inactivated by phosphorylation by what appeared to be a novel, cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase. (portlandpress.com)
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) localize protein kinase A (PKA) to discrete microdomains in the cell, and act as scaffolds for the phosphorylation targets and regulatory proteins of the PKA signaling pathway. (umaryland.edu)
The 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Edwin G. Krebs and Edmond H. Fischer for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins , and to regulate various cellular processes including glycogenolysis . (wikipedia.org)
this enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of 5-InsP7 to at least one 1,5-InsP8. (immune-source.com)

P. Banky, L. Huang, and S. S. Taylor , Dimerization/docking domain of the type Ia regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (inserm.fr)
The formation of translational inhibitor (active eIF-2 kinase) from proinhibitor (inactive eIF-2 kinase) in reticulocyte lysates, known to be controlled by hemin, can, as we recently reported, be induced by 3':5'-cyclic AMP(cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) or its catalytic subunit. (ias.ac.in)
We find that in crude preparations from rabbit reticulocyte lysates, hemin inhibits the conversion of proinhibitor to inhibitor catalyzed by endogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase upon addition of cAMP, but not that caused by the addition of free protein kinase catalytic subunit. (ias.ac.in)
Hemin prevents the binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and blocks the cAMP-induced dissociation of regulatory and catalytic subunits of the enzyme whereby the enzyme is inactivated. (ias.ac.in)
Somatic mutations of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA) gene in Japanese patients with several adrenal adenomas secreting cortisol [Rapid Communication]. (cdc.gov)
Novel somatic mutations in the catalytic subunit of the protein kinase A as a cause of adrenal Cushing's syndrome: a European multicentric study. (cdc.gov)
These proteins, referred to as G proteins because the α subunit binds guanine nucleotides (GTP and GDP), form a link in the chain of communication between the receptor and AC. (pharmacy180.com)
In the inactive form of a G protein, the a-subunit is bound to GDP (Figure 8.7). (pharmacy180.com)

Stereo-specific perturbation of the IgE-receptor (shown in previous studies) produces a monophasic rise in cyclic AMP that peaks at 15 s and a depletion of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase that plateaus at 30-60 s. (rupress.org)
The previously observed linear relationship between the attenuation in the monophasic rise in cyclic AMP and the quantity of mediator release in the presence of incremental concentrations of the adenosine analogue 2',5',-dideoxyadenosine, DDA, which is known to inhibit adenylate cyclase, indicated a direct relationship between receptor perturbation, transmembrane activation of adenylate cyclase, and granule secretion. (rupress.org)
Although these studies firmly link the activation of cytoplasmic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to the IgE receptor-initiated transmembrane activation of adenylate cyclase. (rupress.org)
Moreover we hypothesize that galanin acts similarly to NPY by reducing vagal acetylcholine release via a receptor mediated, protein kinase-dependent pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
Common genetic variants in the glucocorticoid receptor and the 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 genes influence long-term cognitive impairments in patients with Cushing's syndrome in remission. (cdc.gov)
G protein-coupled receptor and G proteins working together transmit signals from many hormones , neurotransmitters , and other signaling factors. (wikipedia.org)
Instead, the receptor stimulates a G protein, which then stimulates an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
The chemical signals are most often hormones or neurotransmitters, each of which binds to a unique type of membrane receptor. (pharmacy180.com)
Many molecules of active Gα protein are formed by one activated receptor. (pharmacy180.com)
Note: The ability of a hormone or neurotransmitter to stimulate or inhibit AC depends on the type of Gα protein that is linked to the receptor. (pharmacy180.com)
Importantly, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor protein TRIF is required for both inflammasome activation and IFN-β production, indicating its central role in the detection of microbial viability. (medscape.com)
Kinases can cause posttranslational modifications of the progesterone receptor (PR) to influence cellular localization and protein stability. (webpediatrica.com)
We evaluated receptor mRNA and protein expression levels and effects of octreotide, pasireotide, and cabergoline on ACTH secretion by cultured human corticotroph adenoma cells. (webpediatrica.com)

Dialysis with the protein kinase A inhibitor 5-24 amide (2 microM) prevented relaxin's effects, suggesting an obligatory role for this kinase in the relaxin-dependent regulation of the potassium current. (nih.gov)
Tumor angiogenesis also involves the vascular endothelium-induced stimulation of cancer cell growth (1) and the higher expression levels of certain "cell survival proteins", such as the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs, including c-IAP1, Livin and Survivin), which are expressed in both the proliferating cancer cells (2, 3) and the vascular endothelial cells involved in tumor angiogenesis (4). (intechopen.com)
The mechanism by which hemin prevents the formation of the inhibitor and maintains protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates is thus explained. (ias.ac.in)
The protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin (100 nM, n=6) abolished the effect of galanin on vagal bradycardia whilst the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 (500 nM, n=6) had no effect. (ox.ac.uk)
On molecular level EFMF exposure led to a significant decreased thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA- (0.81) and protein- (0.54) expression, which in turn reduced the TGFß1-dependent mRNA- (0.68) and protein- (0.5) expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (ßIG-H3) significantly, an inhibitor of endochondral ossification. (springeropen.com)
Our testing strategy could be generally appropriate to inhibitor finding campaigns for additional inositol phosphate kinases. (immune-source.com)
Tofacitinib citrate, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is such a medication that has shown promise in the treatment of psoriasis. (medscape.com)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) plays an important role in cognitive functions. (frontiersin.org)
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway has been shown to play an essential role in memory and cognitive abilities ( Kandel, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
Functional coupling between the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway and cholecystokinin secretion in RIN cells. (shengsci.com)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key regulator of Dictyostelium discoideum development ( Loomis, 2014 ). (biologists.com)
This is a membrane-bound enzyme that converts ATP to 3 I ,5 I -adenosine monophosphate (commonly called cyclic AMP, or cAMP). (pharmacy180.com)

This led me to define and name the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway, on which I am still working 46 years later. (portlandpress.com)

Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by cilostazol via a cAMP/protein kinase A- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism. (scienceopen.com)

We take advantage of sets of transcription factors that program mouse ESC to two types of human neurons with different sensitivities to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). (nyu.edu)

It has been proposed that mutated PCs result in reduced intracellular calcium, which in turn upregulates cAMP, protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, and subsequently other proliferative signaling pathways. (elsevier.com)

They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type II-specific regulatory subunits. (bvsalud.org)
cAMP was imaged in live cells, transfected with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor based on the protein kinase A regulatory and catalytic subunits fused to CFP and YFP, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
Beta and gamma subunits of G-protein are shown by blue and red, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
The effect of the activated, occupied GPCR on second messenger formation is not direct but, rather, is mediated by specialized trimeric proteins (α, β, and γ subunits) of the cell membrane. (pharmacy180.com)

Patterns of enrichment based on gene annotations from the GO and KEGG databases indicated that various structural and functional protein families were uniquely employed in either stage and that during primordial growth, cellular metabolism is highly up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
The strongest genetic risk factor is the presence of the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene, which encodes a protein that has a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. (lidsen.com)

Chromodomain helicase binding protein 8 (Chd8) is a chromatin remodeling protein that is expressed at high levels in embryogenesis, and regulates transcription of apoptotic genes in the context of large protein complexes. (umaryland.edu)
Consequently, EFMF exposure stimulated the expression of genes characteristic for endochondral ossification, such as collagen type 10, A1 (1.50), osteopontin (1.50) and acellular communication network factor 3 (NOV) (1.45). (springeropen.com)
The three adenylate cyclase genes, acaA , acrA and acgA are required for aggregation, culmination and spore dormancy, respectively, and some of their functions can be suppressed by activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase PKA. (biologists.com)
One observation that's particularly illustrative may be the altered amount of transcription of over 900 genes (2-fold transformation in appearance), following deletion of (a PPIP5K homologue) in person in the inositol phosphate kinase signaling family members. (immune-source.com)

Depolarization-evoked increases in PKA activity were blocked by the removal of extracellular calcium, indicating that they are mediated by a calcium-dependent mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
Some active-state GPCRs have also been shown to be "pre-coupled" with G proteins, whereas in other cases a collision coupling mechanism is thought to occur. (wikipedia.org)

As investigated in in vitro cell culture studies at the level of human fibroblast cultures, exposure to electromagnetic fields has the potential to stimulate terminal differentiation of fibroblasts into functioning, highly collagen producing fibrocytes predominantly through modulation of Ca 2+ -influx and activation of protein kinase A [ 31 , 40 ]. (springeropen.com)
Here, we provide a focused minireview of recent progress in allosteric modulation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases, including protein kinases A and G. We show how apparently diverse emerging concepts, such as allosteric pluripotency, allosteric nonadditive binding, and uncompetitive allosteric inhibition, are all manifestations of complex conformational ensembles. (cdnsciencepub.com)
Dans le présent article, nous proposons une minisynthèse ciblée des récentes avancées en modulation allostérique des kinases dépendantes de nucléotides cycliques, notamment les protéines kinases A et G. Nous montrons comment des concepts émergents en apparence divers, tels que la pluripotence allostérique, la liaison allostérique non additive et l'inhibition allostérique non compétitive, sont tous en réalité des manifestations d'ensembles conformationnels complexes. (cdnsciencepub.com)

It is often challenging to selectively inhibit one specific kinase but not another, because their active sites, where MgATP and substrates dock, are highly conserved ( Fig. 1 ). (cdnsciencepub.com)
5 The conservation of kinase active sites is a response to evolutionary pressure to efficiently catalyze phosphoryl transfer from ATP to downstream protein substrates. (cdnsciencepub.com)

Casein kinases--multipotential protein kinases. (wikidata.org)
Induction of casein kinase II during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. (wikidata.org)
A synthetic peptide substrate specific for casein kinase II. (wikidata.org)

The resulting postsynaptic Ca 2+ entry via voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels activates Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. (nature.com)
Here we test the hypothesis that spontaneous electrical activity activates protein kinase A (PKA). (ox.ac.uk)
[3] Signaling molecules bind to a domain of the GPCR located outside the cell, and an intracellular GPCR domain then in turn activates a particular G protein. (wikipedia.org)

mRNA- and protein-expressions were assessed during a time interval of 21 days and compared with expression data obtained from control osteoblasts. (springeropen.com)
The initial proliferative phase was characterized by a constitutively high mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins. (springeropen.com)
Musene har ingen uttrykk av mRNA eller protein for NCU-G1. (uio.no)
There were no statistically significant differences in sst 5 and D 2 R mRNA expression or in sst 2 , sst 5 , and D 2 R protein expression between both groups of corticotroph adenomas. (webpediatrica.com)
After achieving normocortisolism induced by medical therapy, cortisol-mediated sst 2 downregulation on corticotroph adenomas appears to be a reversible process at the mRNA but not at the protein level. (webpediatrica.com)
Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to assess mRNA and protein expression of cartonectin. (webpediatrica.com)

There was a comparable percent activation of both types I and II mast cell cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes with anti-IgE-induced activation and secretion, and there was a parallel suppression of the activation of both isoenzymes in the presence of DDA. (rupress.org)

Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting confirmed the gene expression and protein products of the major targets by ITCs. (researchgate.net)
Kinases include a wide variety of valuable drug targets, but full therapeutic exploitation requires a high degree of selectivity. (cdnsciencepub.com)
The kinase superfamily provides a multitude of drug targets for a variety of pathological conditions related to cancer, neurodegeneration, and infections, e.g., leukemia, Huntington's disease, as well as malaria and antibiotic resistance. (cdnsciencepub.com)
Using the nucleotide-binding sites of proteins TNR kinases specifically at heart as drug-targets, several chemical libraries have already been curated that consist of substances either knownor forecasted and purified to homogeneity [8]. (immune-source.com)

Cell-free translation is one potential approach to the production of functional transmembrane proteins. (shengsci.com)
We have now examined various detergents as supplements to a wheat-germ cell-free system in order to optimize the production and subsequent purification of a functional model transmembrane protein, bacteriorhodopsin. (shengsci.com)
Allorecognition and tissue formation are interconnected processes that require signaling between matching pairs of the polymorphic transmembrane proteins TgrB1 and TgrC1 in Dictyostelium . (biologists.com)

modulations by kinases and phosphatases. (stanford.edu)

Mast cell mediator release as a function of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation. (rupress.org)
The role of cyclic AMP as a second messenger in this sequence is now apparent from the linear relationship between net percent mediator release and net percent activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzyme when IgE-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase is suppressed by incremental quantities of DDA. (rupress.org)
Upon T cell activation of human peripheral blood T cells, we found that the majority of cAMP was generated in T cell lipid rafts followed by activation of protein kinase A. However, upon TCR and CD28 coligation, beta-arrestin in complex with cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) was recruited to lipid rafts which down-regulated cAMP levels. (ox.ac.uk)
found that TRIF induces caspase-11 expression via auto/parakrine type-I IFN signaling, which leads to a noncanonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to live Gram-negative bacteria. (medscape.com)

G proteins , also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins , are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. (wikipedia.org)

In vitro exposure of osteoblasts to EFMF supports cell differentiation and induces gene- and protein-expression patterns characteristic for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing in vivo. (springeropen.com)
To fulfill those expectations, ESCs have to be directed at high efficiency to disease relevant cell types, either by the application of extracellular signals or direct programming by forced expression of transcription factors. (nyu.edu)
Expression of PIM1 protein in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. (uchicago.edu)
Whether sustained normocortisolism induced by medical therapy induces re-expression of functional sst 2 protein in corticotroph adenomas and whether this increases the ACTH-lowering potency of octreotide remains to be established. (webpediatrica.com)

Characterization of the phosphorylated form of the insulin-stimulated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from rat liver plasma membranes. (wikidata.org)
Identification and characterization of an A-kinase anchoring domain in Chromodomain Helicase Binding Protein 8. (umaryland.edu)

An insulin-stimulated ribosomal protein S6 kinase in 3T3-L1 cells. (wikidata.org)

[ 43 ] Moreover, TRIF-dependent responses are crucial for host defense against systemic E. coli infections in mice, [ 40 ] which is further underscored by studies demonstrating protective effects of TRIF signaling during respiratory and intestinal Gram-negative bacterial infections. (medscape.com)
Cyclic dinucleotides are bacterial second messenger molecules, which were recently shown to activate innate immune responses. (medscape.com)

Intro Inositol phosphate kinases (IP3K, IPMK, ITPK1, IP5K, IP6K and PPIP5K) perform several biological procedures through their involvement inside a carefully-regulated, metabolic network that changes phospholipase C-derived Ins(1,4,5)P3 into a range of even more extremely phosphorylated cell-signaling substances [1C3]. (immune-source.com)

The entry and enzymatic activity of the anthrax edema factor (EF) in different cell types was studied by monitoring EF-induced changes in intracellular cAMP with biochemical and microscopic methods. (ox.ac.uk)
The cellular events associated with cAMP-dependent cholecystokinin (CCK) release were investigated with an X-ray induced rat pancreatic tumor cell line (RIN 1056 E). Forskolin dose-dependently stimulated the release of CCK. (shengsci.com)
Imaging of cAMP levels and protein kinase A activity reveals that retinal waves drive oscillations in second-messenger cascades. (ox.ac.uk)

Filamin A (FLNA) is a ubiquitously expressed actin-crosslinking protein that also serves as an intracellular signalling scaffold. (portlandpress.com)

An example is adenylate cyclase , which produces the second messenger cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
The 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Earl Sutherland for discovering the key role of adenylate cyclase , which produces the second messenger cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)

We have previously reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. (shengsci.com)

When nutrients are depleted, the relatively loose mesh of undifferentiated mycelium undergoes a drastic change to form a compact multihyphal structure with many different cell types holding each other through hyphal-hyphal interactions, known as the fruiting body [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)

Rho-kinase regulates endothelin-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis via p38 MAP kinase in osteoblasts. (shengsci.com)
Mesenchymal cells in the fracture area undergo hypertrophy, differentiate and simultaneously secrete extracellular matrix (osteoid) mainly consisting of collagen type I. Chondroclasts remove the cartilage matrix, and differentiating osteoblasts use the remnants of cartilage matrix as scaffolds for the deposition of bone matrix [ 9 ]. (springeropen.com)

Our selection of a collection was influenced with the recognition the fact that substrate binding storage compartments of inositol phosphate kinases are extremely electropositive buy Protopanaxatriol [7,8,21,22]. (immune-source.com)

G proteins are important signal transducing molecules in cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the future, both cell types can be the substrate for chemical screens to identify molecules that enhance MN survival. (nyu.edu)

Basidiocarps of A. hygrometricus are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, crude fibre and essential amino acids with lower concentration of fat. (fulltxt.org)
Basidiocarp of this macrofungi contains considerable amount of carbohydrate, protein, fibre, minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids and very minute concentration of fat. (fulltxt.org)
4 Edible mushrooms are low calorie-low fat food supplement with generous amount of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals amino acids 5 and dietary fibre. (fulltxt.org)

Therefore, our long term goal is to understand how extracellular signals and transcription factors control cell fate and apply that knowledge to differentiate ESC into disease relevant neuronal cell types. (nyu.edu)

These results suggest that the rs2253206 polymorphism in the CREB1 gene locus is associated with PM in healthy individuals and contributes to knowledge on the genetics of this particular type of memory. (frontiersin.org)
NCU-G1 "knockout" musen ble skapt ved innsetting av en "gene-trap" i første intron som fører til stopp i transkripsjonen etter første ekson. (uio.no)
Up to now, research in to the biology of inositol phosphate kinases continues to be well-served by hereditary research, including gene knock-outs both in microorganisms and cultured cells. (immune-source.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes29

Information Science3

Inhibition of T cell activation by cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate requires lipid raft targeting of protein kinase A type I by the A-kinase anchoring protein ezrin. (1/23)

Prostaglandin E2 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha RNA through PKA type I. (2/23)

Protein kinase A RI-alpha predicts for prostate cancer outcome: analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trial 86-10. (3/23)

Protein kinase A type I and type II define distinct intracellular signaling compartments. (4/23)

Dual specificity A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) contain an additional binding region that enhances targeting of protein kinase A type I. (5/23)

The differential regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-mediated steroidogenesis by type I and type II PKA in MA-10 cells. (6/23)

Protein expression in salivary glands of rats with streptozotocin diabetes. (7/23)

The importance of protein kinase A in prostate cancer: relationship to patient outcome in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 92-02. (8/23)

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II

Cyclic AMP

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II

Protein Kinases

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Cyclic GMP

Protein Kinase C

Isoenzymes

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Phosphorylation

Enzyme Activation

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit

Benzylamines

Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)

Calcium

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Molecular Sequence Data

Kinetics

Signal Transduction

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Amino Acid Sequence

Cells, Cultured

Calmodulin

Cell Line

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Paramecium tetraurelia

MAP Kinase Signaling System

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

eIF-2 Kinase

Protein Binding

Enzyme Inhibitors

Pyruvate Kinase

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Protein Kinase C-alpha

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

Base Sequence

Substrate Specificity

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits

Binding Sites

Mutation

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

Blotting, Western

Transfection

Nucleotides, Cyclic

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3

Protein Kinase C-delta

Colforsin

Bucladesine

Isoquinolines

Calcium-Binding Proteins

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Phosphoprotein Phosphatases

Recombinant Proteins

RNA, Messenger

Peptide T

Adenosine Triphosphate

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases

Cattle

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine

Serine

Phosphoproteins

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

Receptors, Cyclic AMP

Protamine Kinase

Molecular Weight

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

src-Family Kinases

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Protein Kinase C-epsilon

Calcium Signaling

Protein Kinase C beta

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Recombinant Fusion Proteins