A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. It has a lower affinity for cAMP than the CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA SUBUNIT. Binding of this subunit by A KINASE ANCHOR PROTEINS may play a role in the cellular localization of type II protein kinase A.
A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type II-specific regulatory subunits.
A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)
Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.

Generation of a novel A kinase anchor protein and a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-like analog from a single gene. (1/56)

A unique Drosophila gene encodes two novel signaling proteins. Drosophila A kinase anchor protein 200 (DAKAP200) (753 amino acids) binds regulatory subunits of protein kinase AII (PKAII) isoforms in vitro and in intact cells. The acidic DAKAP200 polypeptide (pI approximately 3.8) contains an optimal N-terminal myristoylation site and a positively charged domain that resembles the multifunctional phosphorylation site domain of vertebrate myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate proteins. The 15-kilobase pair DAKAP200 gene contains six exons and encodes a second protein, DeltaDAKAP200. DeltaDAKAP200 is derived from DAKAP200 transcripts by excision of exon 5 (381 codons), which encodes the PKAII binding region and a Pro-rich sequence. DeltaDAKAP200 appears to be a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate analog. DAKAP200 and DeltaDAKAP200 are evident in vivo at all stages of Drosophila development. Thus, both proteins may play important physiological roles throughout the life span of the organism. Nevertheless, DAKAP200 gene expression is regulated. Maximal levels of DAKAP200 are detected in the pupal phase of development; DeltaDAKAP200 content is elevated 7-fold in adult head (brain) relative to other body parts. Enhancement or suppression of exon 5 excision during DAKAP200 pre-mRNA processing provides potential mechanisms for regulating anchoring of PKAII and targeting of cAMP signals to effector sites in cytoskeleton and/or organelles.  (+info)

Mutation of the RIIbeta subunit of protein kinase A differentially affects lipolysis but not gene induction in white adipose tissue. (2/56)

Targeted disruption of the RIIbeta subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) produces lean mice that resist diet-induced obesity. In this report we examine the effects of the RIIbeta knockout on white adipose tissue physiology. Loss of RIIbeta is compensated by an increase in the RIalpha isoform, generating an isoform switch from a type II to a type I PKA. Type I holoenzyme binds cAMP more avidly and is more easily activated than the type II enzyme. These alterations are associated with increases in both basal kinase activity and the basal rate of lipolysis, possibly contributing to the lean phenotype. However, the ability of both beta(3)-selective and nonspecific beta-adrenergic agonists to stimulate lipolysis is markedly compromised in mutant white adipose tissue. This defect was found in vitro and in vivo and does not result from reduced expression of beta-adrenergic receptor or hormone-sensitive lipase genes. In contrast, beta-adrenergic stimulated gene transcription remains intact, and the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism is normal under both fasted and fed conditions. We suggest that the R subunit isoform switch disrupts the subcellular localization of PKA that is required for efficient transduction of signals that modulate lipolysis but not for those that mediate gene expression.  (+info)

High ethanol consumption and low sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation in protein kinase A-mutant mice. (3/56)

Both in vitro and in vivo evidence indicate that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) mediates some of the acute and chronic cellular responses to alcohol. However, it is unclear whether PKA regulates voluntary alcohol consumption. We therefore studied alcohol consumption by mice that completely lack the regulatory IIbeta (RIIbeta) subunit of PKA as a result of targeted gene disruption. Here we report that RIIbeta knockout mice (RIIbeta-/-) showed incr eased consumption of solutions containing 6, 10, and 20% (v/v) ethanol when compared with wild-type mice (RIIbeta+/+). On the other hand, RIIbeta-/- mice showed normal consumption of solutions containing either sucrose or quinine. When compared with wild-type mice, the RIIbeta-/- mice were found to be less sensitive to the sedative effects of ethanol as measured by more rapid recovery from ethanol-induced sleep, even though plasma ethanol concentrations did not differ significantly from those of controls. Finally, both RIbeta- and catylatic subunit beta1-deficient mice showed normal voluntary consumption of ethanol, indicating that increased ethanol consumption is not a general characteristic associated with deletion of PKA subunits. These data demonstrate a role for the RIIbeta subunit of PKA in regulating voluntary consumption of alcohol and sensitivity to the intoxication effects that are produced by this drug.  (+info)

8-chloro-cAMP inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and neointima formation induced by balloon injury in vivo. (4/56)

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to assess 1) the effect of 8-C1-cAMP (cyclic-3'-5'-adenosine monophosphate) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in vitro and 2) the efficacy of systemic administration of 8-C1-cAMP on neointimal formation after balloon injury in vivo. BACKGROUND: Neointimal formation after vascular injury is responsible for restenosis after arterial stenting. Recently, 8-C1-cAMP, a cAMP analogue that induces growth arrest, has been safely administered in phase I studies in humans. METHODS: The effect of 8-C1-cAMP on cell proliferation was first assessed on SMCs in vitro. To study the effects of cAMP in vivo, balloon injury was performed in 67 rats using a 2F Fogarty balloon catheter. RESULTS: The 8-C1-cAMP markedly inhibited VSMC proliferation in vitro, reduced protein kinase A (PKA) RIalpha subunit expression, and induced PKA RIIbeta subunit expression. In addition, 8-C1-cAMP reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, neointimal area and neointima/media ratio after balloon injury. The proliferative activity, assessed by proliferating nuclear cell antigen immunostaining, revealed a reduction of proliferative activity of VSMCs in vivo in the 8-C1-cAMP group. Moreover, the systemic administration of 8-C1-cAMP did not affect renal function, blood pressure and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 8-C1-cAMP potently inhibits VSMC proliferation in vitro and reduces neointima formation by balloon injury in vivo after systemic administration. These data may have a clinical relevance in designing future strategies to prevent restenosis after arterial stenting and perhaps after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.  (+info)

Association of deficient type II protein kinase A activity with aberrant nuclear translocation of the RII beta subunit in systemic lupus erythematosus T lymphocytes. (5/56)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of indeterminate etiology characterized by abnormal T cell signal transduction and altered T cell effector functions. We have previously observed a profound deficiency of total protein kinase A (PKA) phosphotransferase activity in SLE T cells. Here we examined whether reduced total PKA activity in SLE T cells is in part the result of deficient type II PKA (PKA-II) isozyme activity. The mean PKA-II activity in SLE T cells was 61% of normal control T cells. The prevalence of deficient PKA-II activity in 35 SLE subjects was 37%. Deficient isozyme activity was persistent over time and was unrelated to SLE disease activity. Reduced PKA-II activity was associated with spontaneous dissociation of the cytosolic RIIbeta2C2 holoenzyme and translocation of the regulatory (RIIbeta) subunit from the cytosol to the nucleus. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the RIIbeta subunit was present in approximately 60% of SLE T cell nuclei compared with only 2-3% of normal and disease controls. Quantification of nuclear RIIbeta subunit protein content by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting demonstrated a 54% increase over normal T cell nuclei. Moreover, the RIIbeta subunit was retained in SLE T cell nuclei, failed to relocate to the cytosol, and was associated with a persistent deficiency of PKA-II activity. In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism of deficient PKA-II isozyme activity due to aberrant nuclear translocation of the RIIbeta subunit and its retention in the nucleus in SLE T cells. Deficient PKA-II activity may contribute to impaired signaling in SLE T cells.  (+info)

Compensatory stabilization of RIIbeta protein, cell cycle deregulation, and growth arrest in colon and prostate carcinoma cells by antisense-directed down-regulation of protein kinase A RIalpha protein. (6/56)

The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) exists in two isoforms, PKA-I (type I) and PKA-II (type II), that contain an identical catalytic (C) subunit but distinct regulatory (R) subunits, RI and RII, respectively. Increased expression of RIalpha/PKA-I has been shown in human cancer cell lines, in primary tumors, in cells after transformation, and in cells upon stimulation of growth. We have shown previously that a single-injection RI, antisense treatment results in a reduction in RIalpha and PKA-I expression and sustained inhibition of human colon carcinoma growth in athymic mice (M. Nesterova and Y. S. Cho-Chung, Nat. Med., 1: 528-533, 1995). Growth inhibition accompanied reduction in RIalpha/PKA-I expression and compensatory increases in RIIbeta protein and PKA-IIbeta, the RIIbeta-containing holoenzyme. Here, we report that these in vivo findings are consistent with observations made in cancer cells in culture. We demonstrate that the antisense depletion of RIalpha in cancer cells results in increased RIIbeta protein without increasing the rate of RIIbeta synthesis or RIIbeta mRNA levels. Pulse-chase experiments revealed a 3-6-fold increase in the half-life of RIIbeta protein in antisense-treated colon and prostate carcinoma cells with little or no change in the half-lives of RIalpha, RIIalpha, and Calpha proteins. Compensation by RIIbeta stabilization may represent a novel biochemical adaptation mechanism of the cell in response to sequence-specific loss of RIalpha expression, which leads to sustained down-regulation of PKA-I activity and inhibition of tumor growth.  (+info)

Molecular basis for regulatory subunit diversity in cAMP-dependent protein kinase: crystal structure of the type II beta regulatory subunit. (7/56)

BACKGROUND: Cyclic AMP binding domains possess common structural features yet are diversely coupled to different signaling modules. Each cAMP binding domain receives and transmits a cAMP signal; however, the signaling networks differ even within the same family of regulatory proteins as evidenced by the long-standing biochemical and physiological differences between type I and type II regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. RESULTS: We report the first type II regulatory subunit crystal structure, which we determined to 2.45 A resolution and refined to an R factor of 0.176 with a free R factor of 0.198. This new structure of the type II beta regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase demonstrates that the relative orientations of the two tandem cAMP binding domains are very different in the type II beta as compared to the type I alpha regulatory subunit. Each structural unit for binding cAMP contains the highly conserved phosphate binding cassette that can be considered the "signature" motif of cAMP binding domains. This motif is coupled to nonconserved regions that link the cAMP signal to diverse structural and functional modules. CONCLUSIONS: Both the diversity and similarity of cAMP binding sites are demonstrated by this new type II regulatory subunit structure. The structure represents an intramolecular paradigm for the cooperative triad that links two cAMP binding sites through a domain interface to the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The domain interface surface is created by the binding of only one cAMP molecule and is enabled by amino acid sequence variability within the peptide chain that tethers the two domains together.  (+info)

Positive regulation of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion by protein kinase A. (8/56)

Integrin receptor activation is an important regulatory mechanism for cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion. In this study, we explore a signaling pathway activated by mAb 12G10, an antibody that can activate beta(1) integrins and induce integrin-mediated cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. We have found that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is required for both mAb 12G10-induced cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion of HT-1080 cells. Binding of mAb 12G10 to beta(1) integrins stimulates an increase in intracellular cAMP levels and PKA activity, and a concomitant shift in the localization of the PKA type II regulatory subunits from the cytoplasm to areas where integrins expressing the 12G10 epitope are located. MAb 12G10-induced cell-cell adhesion was mimicked by a combination of clustering beta(1) integrins and elevating PKA activity with Sp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate or forskolin. We also show that two processes required for HT-1080 cell-cell adhesion, integrin clustering and F-actin polymerization are both dependent on PKA. Taken together, our data suggest that PKA plays a key role in the signaling pathway, resulting from activation of beta(1) integrins, and that this enzyme may be required for upregulation of cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion.  (+info)

Combinatorial assembly of catalytic and regulatory subunits results in diverse isoforms of the PKA family. Their quaternary structures differ substantially (Taylor et al., 2012). A detailed analysis of isoform-specific cellular functions, however, remains challenging. Approaches to directly detect the activation of endogenous isoforms in primary cells models are largely missing. It was unclear whether changes in RII phosphorylation reflect the process of PKA-II activation. Early biochemical studies on PKA-II purified from bovine cardiac muscle showed that a large proportion of PKA-II is phosphorylated in vivo (Rangel-Aldao et al., 1979). Another report suggests that RII subunits are fully phosphorylated in non-stimulated cardiomyocytes (Manni et al., 2008). Accordingly, these researchers found that activation of PKA resulted in a phosphatase-dependent loss of basal RII phosphorylation detected in cell lysates (Manni et al., 2008). The assumption that RII subunits are fully phosphorylated in the ...
London E, Nesterova M, Sinaii N, Szarek E, Chanturiya T, Mastroyannis SA, Gavrilova O, Stratakis CA: Differentially regulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in adipose tissue and liver is associated with resistance to diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice that lack PKA regulatory subunit type IIα. Endocrinology; 2014 Sep;155(9):3397-408 ...
London E, Nesterova M, Sinaii N, Szarek E, Chanturiya T, Mastroyannis SA, Gavrilova O, Stratakis CA: Differentially regulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in adipose tissue and liver is associated with resistance to diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice that lack PKA regulatory subunit type IIα. Endocrinology; 2014 Sep;155(9):3397-408 ...
A stearated form of the peptide Ht-31 derived from human thyroid A-kinase anchoring protein. This peptide inhibits the interaction between the RII subunits of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) and AKAP in cell extracts.
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Organelle-specific targeting of protein kinase AII (PKAII). T2 - Molecular and in situ characterization of murine A kinase anchor proteins that recruit regulatory subunits of PKAII to the cytoplasmic surface of mitochondria. AU - Chen, Qian. AU - Lin, Reigh Yi. AU - Rubin, Charles S.. PY - 1997/6/13. Y1 - 1997/6/13. N2 - Experiments were designed to test the idea that A kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) tether regulatory subunits (RII) of protein kinase AII (PKAII) isoforms to surfaces of organelles that are bounded by phospholipid bilayers. S-AKAP84, one of three RII-binding proteins encoded by a single-copy murine gene, was studied as a prototypic organelle-associated AKAP. When S-AKAP84 was expressed in HEK293 cells, the anchor protein was targeted to mitochondria and excluded from other cell compartments. The RII tethering site is located in the cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial surface. Endogenous RII subunits are not associated with mitochondria isolated from control ...
cAMP signals are locally amplified by scaffold proteins (A Kinase Anchor Proteins, AKAPs) that tether cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA) to discrete cellular locations. Here we hypothesized that mitochondrial anchoring of PKA promotes survival in muscle cells. We identified AKAP121 as the major mitochondrial AKAP in cardiomyocytes and aortic smooth muscle cells. In response to pressure overload, cardiac AKAP121 levels were significantly reduced, inducing marked mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and activation of the DNA repair machinery. To test the role of AKAP121 in the modulation of cell survival, we synthesized peptides (AK-in) containing AKAP121 mitochondrial targeting domain but lacking its PKA binding motif, in order to competitively displace the endogenous AKAP121/PKA complex from mitochondria. Sequence-scrambled peptides were synthetized and used as controls (S). 24 hours after administration, FITC-conjugated AK-in peptides co-localized with mitochondria at confocal microscopy; ...
Objective. In human adipocytes the cAMP-dependent pathway mediates signals originating from beta-adrenergic activation, thus playing a key role in the regulation of important metabolic processes, i.e. lipolysis and thermogenesis. Cyclic AMP effects are mainly mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), whose R2B regulatory isoform is the most expressed in mouse adipose tissue, where it protects against diet-induced obesity and fatty-liver development. Aim of the study was to investigate possible differences in R2B expression, PKA activity and lipolysis in adipose tissues from obese and non-obese subjects. Research Design and Methods. The expression of the different PKA regulatory subunits were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time PCR in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples from 20 non-obese and 67 obese patients. PKA activity and glycerol release were evaluated in total protein extract and adipocytes isolated from fresh tissue samples, respectively. Results. Expression
Most PRKAR1A tumorigenic mutations lead to nonsense mRNA that is decayed; tumor formation has been associated with an increase in type II protein kinase A (PKA) subunits. The IVS6+1G>T PRKAR1A mutation leads to a protein lacking exon 6 sequences [R1 alpha Delta 184-236 (R1 alpha Delta 6)]. We compared in vitro R1 alpha Delta 6 with wild-type (wt) R1 alpha. We assessed PKA activity and subunit expression, phosphorylation of target molecules, and properties of wt-R1 alpha and mutant (mt) R1 alpha; we observed by confocal microscopy R1 alpha tagged with green fluorescent protein and its interactions with Cerulean-tagged catalytic subunit (C alpha). Introduction of the R1 alpha Delta 6 led to aberrant cellular morphology and higher PKA activity but no increase in type II PKA subunits. There was diffuse, cytoplasmic localization of R1 alpha protein in wt-R1 alpha- and R1 alpha Delta 6-transfected cells but the former also exhibited discrete aggregates of R1 alpha that bound C alpha; these were absent ...
Background: Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive hematological neoplasm that responds poorly to therapy. The molecular etiology and pathology of this disease remain unclear, hampering the development of an effective therapy. Therefore, a need for more, and more realistic, animal models remains. Lymphoproliferative disorders have been reported in mice deficient for the prkar1a gene coding for the regulatory subunit type 1A of protein kinase A (PKA), but nothing is known about the role of type II PKA regulatory subunits in hematologic malignancies.. Methods: Mice deficient for the Prkar1a and Prkar2a alleles were previously reported (Kirschner et al, 2005 και Burton et al, 1997) and were kept on a mixed genetic background (C57BL/129Sv). Mice were crossed to create prkar2a+/- and prkar2a-/-. Mice were phenotyped at the ages of 3-6-9-12-18 months or when they exhibited signs of advanced disease. Tissues were collected for histological and molecular analysis.. Results: Unexpectedly, mice ...
Enterobacteria-Secreted Particles Induce Production of Exosome-Like S1P-Containing Particles by Intestinal Epithelium to Drive Th17-Mediated Tumorigenesis
Kesimer M., Scull M., Brighton B., DeMaria G., Burns K., ONeal W., Pickles R.J., Sheehan J.K.. Airway mucus forms the structural basis of the local innate immune defense mechanism. It is an integrated, active, viscoelastic gel matrix evolved to protect the exposed lung from physical, chemical, and pathological erosion. Exosomes are biologically active vesicles secreted by different cell types including epithelial, hematopoietic, and some tumor cells. They are also present in some biological fluids such as serum, urine, breast milk, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that exosome-like vesicles with antiviral properties are present in human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cell culture secretions. These vesicles have been isolated by differential centrifugation and are characterized further by mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, electron microscopy, and light-scattering methods. HTBE vesicles exhibited characteristic exosomal size ...
Skålhegg BS, Landmark B, Foss KB, Lohmann SM, Hansson V, Lea T and Jahnsen T. Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.. We have previously identified and characterized regulatory (R) subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, particularly the RII subunits in rat tissues (Jahnsen, T., Lohmann, S. M., Walter, U., Hedin, L., and Richards, J. S. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15980-15987; Jahnsen, T., Hedin, L., Lohmann, S. M., Walter, U., and Richards, J. S. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6637-6639; Jahnsen, T., Hedin, L., Kidd, V. J., Beattie, W. G., Lohmann, S. M., Walter, U., Durica, J., Schulz, T. Z., Schiltz, E., Browner, M., Lawrence, C. B., Goldman, D., Ratoosh, S. L., and Richards, J. S. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12352-12361). These studies showed that rat RII alpha and RII beta had apparent molecular masses of 54 and 52 kDa, respectively. The aim of the present study was to purify and characterize cAMP-dependent protein kinase R subunits in human testis and to examine which of ...
The major objective of the present study was to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which perturbations of the cAMP pathway regulate PKA subunit expression in neural cells. Indeed, the cAMP-induced down-regulation of PKA subunits described here contrasts with the findings reported for non-neural systems. In Sertoli cells, an extensively studied model system for PKA regulation (reviewed in Skålhegg and Taskén, 1997), activation of the cAMP pathway elevates PKA subunit protein levels along with a 2- to 4-fold increase in RIα, RIIα and Cα mRNA and a 50-fold increase in RIIβ mRNA. This up-regulation of mRNA levels involved both increased transcription and increased mRNA stability. In mouse epithelial cells (Lange-Carter and Malkinson, 1991), elevated levels of cAMP resulted in a similar increase in RIIβ mRNA but a decrease in mRNA for RIα and no change in that for RIIα. Earlier studies have suggested cAMP stimulated proteolytic degradation of C, but not R, subunits in ...
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We recovered extracellular vesicles with a size consistent with exosomes that we called exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) from the supernatants of SS and Toxo cultures. The mRNA and miRNA content of these ELVs was highly regulated creating specific and unique expression profiles comparing Toxo ELVs, SS ELVs and RNA isolated from whole cell homogenates. Interestingly, among the most enriched mRNA isolated from ELVs of Toxo cells are 4 specific mRNA species that have been described in the literature as having neurologic activity: Rab-13, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1, thymosin beta 4 and LLP homolog. In addition, miRNA species uniquely expressed in Toxo ELVs include miR-23b, a well-known regulator of IL-17 ...
Exosomes are nanovesicles of endocytic origin that are about 30-100 nm in diameter, surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules. Mammalian cells- a
Guided axonal growth is essential for both the initial wiring of neuronal circuitry during development and the regeneration of synaptic connections in the adult nervous system after injury and diseases (Bahr and Bonhoeffer, 1994; Aubert et al., 1995; Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996; Harel and Strittmatter, 2006). The directional motility of the growth cone at axonal tips is regulated by a variety of environmental factors that either promote/attract or inhibit/repel the axonal elongation (Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996; Dickson, 2002). Although many families of guidance ligands and receptors have been recently identified (Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996; Dickson, 2002; Charron and Tessier-Lavigne, 2005), the intricate signaling cascades that control and regulate axonal growth and guidance remain to be fully understood. The second messenger, cAMP, represents an important intracellular signal that exhibits profound effects on growth cone motility and guidance. Previous studies have linked ...
Study considering that that point, by several laboratories, has furnished substantial help for these hypotheses. Particularly, opiates Chuck Grassley in many CNS locations such as NAc, and cocaine additional selectively in NAc induce expression of certain adenylyl cyclase isoforms and PKA subunits by way of the transcription factor, CREB, and these transcriptional adaptations provide a homeostatic perform to oppose drug motion. In selected brain areas, for instance locus coeruleus, these adaptations mediate aspects of Bodily opiate dependence and withdrawal, While in NAc they mediate reward tolerance and dependence that drives amplified drug self-administration ...
PIK3C2B (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 beta), Authors: Dessen P. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol.
View Notes - Bacterial Recombination from MCB 2000 at University of Florida. BACTERIAL RECOMBINATION Purposes A. Vaccine production (subunit type) B. Production of proteins (growth hormone) C.
AKAP9 (A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9), Authors: Raffaele Ciampi, Yuri E Nikiforov. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol.
Opens the Highlight Feature Bar and highlights feature annotations from the FEATURES table of the record. The Highlight Feature Bar can be used to navigate to and highlight other features and provides links to display the highlighted region separately. Links in the FEATURES table will also highlight the corresponding region of the sequence. More... ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Purification of a regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Drosophila heads. AU - Inoue, Hiroko. AU - Yoshioka, Tohru. PY - 1997/6/9. Y1 - 1997/6/9. N2 - The cytosolic extract from Drosophila heads was separated using anion-exchange column chromatography. Two types of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), type I and type II, were detected, and type II PKA was found to be a major isozyme. The regulatory subunit of type II PKA (RII) was purified, and only one isoform was observed. The purified protein had an apparent molecular mass of 51 kDa on SDS gel electrophoresis. Partial amino acid sequences of the protein were almost identical with the RIIα subunit of human. Since PKA has been implicated to be especially important for learning and memory in Drosophila, the RII subunit may play an essential role in the regulation of neuronal activity in the brain of Drosophila, and possibly in human.. AB - The cytosolic extract from Drosophila heads was separated using ...
In this study, we found that ELVs released from adipose tissue of ob/ob mice induce macrophage activation in a TLR4-dependent manner and that the RBP4 that is incorporated in these ELVs plays a role in the induction of macrophage activation. Several independent lines of evidence support these conclusions. The exposure of wild-type macrophages to obELVs resulted in an increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, enhanced the migration of macrophages into adipose tissue and the liver, and promoted the development of insulin resistance. In contrast, the intravenous injection of obELVs into TLR4 knockout mice did not result in the development of insulin resistance, and treatment of TLR4 knockout macrophages with obELVs did not enhance the production of IL-6 or TNF-α. Adipose obELV RBP4 protein can induce the production of macrophage IL-6 and TNF-α in a TLR4-dependent manner.. Using an ex vivo adipose tissue culture approach, we provide evidence that ELVs are secreted from ...
Exosomes bud from the plasma membrane of T cells and may be the means of escape for newly formed retroviral particles, according to Booth et al. (page 923).. Exosomes are small vesicles that bud from the endosome membrane into its lumen. Following endosome fusion with the plasma membrane, the exosomes are released into the extracellular space.. Booth et al. found that the plasma membranes of cultured T cells have discrete domains enriched in proteins typically found in endosomes. The same sites were enriched for exosomal lipids, and small exosome-like vesicles were found just outside of these membrane sites, suggesting that exosomes can bud not only from endosomes but from the plasma membrane itself.. When T cells were engineered to express HIV Gag, which encodes the viral capsid proteins, the viral proteins were sorted to these membrane domains and budded from these sites in exosome-like vesicles.. The team thinks retroviruses have co-opted this endogenous cellular pathway for viral budding. ...
Akap10 (untagged) - Mouse A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 10 (Akap10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, (10ug), 10 µg.
(Listen to the story here.) Right now, it costs me about $50 dollars to fill up my gas tank. If the price of regular unleaded gasoline goes up a penny, say from $4 dollars to $4.01, it might cost me […]
MSSGRRRGSAPWHSFSRFFAPRSPSRDKEEEEEERPGTSPPPAPGRSAASVENEPMSTSQKKENVLSSEA 1 - 70 VKIRQSEDKRNHAEKPVTLPVQEDPKKAYDLSSSTSDTKIGESDRQPKESFFQFLGNLFNISGKSSLGEA 71 - 140 KQSSFKDDQDKTEKDLQNPSDHHEDGIKREREIFSGSLRTQTHPTEEQDSNSSELSDAFSLDTTQDSDQE 141 - 210 TTNLLKQIDGKPEKPSVTYATYRGPRHIGKYLKQQTGLATVNTLDRENESSDSSTNRHIDPGSEIEAGVL 211 - 280 PLLLSASTDSSMKGNLLEGPLEDSDCSKTSFNKENSLTNNPELQNIASSNNLLNKNAWGSIERNRSSPSS 281 - 350 VTNSSYDGESDSQHHLSCEPVSQTNRNLVCSALLTGSNHRKVPCSPDFQRVTTTENTIKENSTVMSNRTL 351 - 420 VQREELVEPQGPAISDFSCSKSDGSDTTEQESTNLPSPNKSIRHEHLQLPESECSDKQTIDSSSKQAATH 421 - 490 TNIIALQRHAVTDTEFVNEGKRLSAQDSQKNVAVREIRRETESASAGESIASSHVKAPEDKIESLPKDTD 491 - 560 QYFETKAKKLDFRSHDKIPHIRMNKKDLASLNYISESAVVASLGNENAPELKFELNRSHISETPLDSESP 561 - 630 QQAEVSPDAKTSLSLDCKKLNFSISPPTFVSGVGMLSKLDIPDLMNEGSPVPIETGNVNIVGISYQPRKC 631 - 700 KEENVKNHVEAAGRKSPPPSFCLEYTSAIFEFKEVLSNSEKCQVLPGSEASGPHLTGLELLSFDSGNLSK 701 - 770 DCSSILSQDPNRVELVSSNTKANMSIIEKSDSLSLEAKTANIVSKAEIDGQNNVLVESHSGRGKTISLSK 771 - 840 ...
Looking for online definition of A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 in the Medical Dictionary? A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 explanation free. What is A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6? Meaning of A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 medical term. What does A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 mean?
Excellgen Cre Recombinase Exosome Like Vesicles [EG-1020] - Description Cre Recombinase exosome-like vesicles are 20 to 50 nm lipid vesicles isolated from cultured mammalian cells. These vesicles encapsulate high concentration of NLS-Cre recombinase, but do not contain virus and nucleic acids (plasmid DNA, RNA etc). Addition of 10 ~ 50 µl of the vesicles to reporter cells (such as
The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The protein anchors PKA in ciliary axonemes and, in this way, may play a role in regulating ciliary beat frequency. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
Fragments matching several proteins were obtained in the major spots at about 140 and 120 kDa, ie: dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and neprilysin (NEP) (140 kDa), and phosphodiesterase-I (E-NPP3) and beta-mannosidase (120 kDa). These proteins were also found when the 140 kDa and 120 kDa bands from a one-dimensional gel were processed in the same way.. Because of their abundance and the vertical smear they produced in the gel, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and neprilysin signatures were found in a large number of other spots with lower molecular weights. The cytoskeleton protein actin (45 kDa) was also one of the major proteins of the vesicles; this protein was separated as a series of at least four different spots composed of alpha- and beta-actin isoforms. The actin-associated protein Ezrin/Cytovillin was found in two major trains of spots: one at 75-80 kDa, which is its normal molecular weight, and one at 50 kDa, which could represent a degradation product of this protein. Tubulin and annexin II ...
The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a pivotal role in axonal growth and guidance, but its downstream mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we report that type II protein kinase A (PKA) is highly enriched in growth cone filopodia, and this spatial localization enables the coupling of cAMP signaling to its specific effectors to regulate guidance responses. Disrupting the localization of PKA to filopodia impairs cAMP-mediated growth cone attraction and prevents the switching of repulsive responses to attraction by elevated cAMP. Our data further show that PKA targets protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) through the phosphorylation of a regulatory protein inhibitor-1 (I-1) to promote growth cone attraction. Finally, we find that I-1 and PP1 mediate growth cone repulsion induced by myelin-associated glycoprotein. These findings demonstrate that the spatial localization of type II PKA to growth cone filopodia plays an important role in the regulation of growth cone motility and ...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is hallmarked by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose production. The worldwide increasing prevalence of T2D calls for efforts to understand its pathogenesis in order to improve disease prevention and management. Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed strong associations between the CDKN2A/B locus and T2D risk. The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16Ink4a, which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. Here we show that p16Ink4a-deficiency enhances fasting-induced hepatic glucose production in vivo by increasing the expression of key gluconeogenic genes. p16Ink4a down-regulation leads to an activation of PKA-CREB-PGC1α signalling through increased phosphorylation of PKA regulatory subunits (PKAR2). Taken together, these results provide evidence that p16Ink4a controls fasting glucose homeostasis and could as such modulate in T2D development. ...
Exosomes are 40-100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are also found in vivo in body fluids such as blood, urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, synovial fluid, and breast milk. While the biological function of exosomes is still unclear, they can mediate communication between cells, facilitating processes such as antigen presentation and in trans signaling to neighboring cells. Exosome-like vesicles identified in Drosophila (referred to as argosomes) may be potential vehicles for the spread of morphogens in epithelia. The advent of current MS-based proteomic technologies has contributed significantly to our understanding of the molecular composition of exosomes. In addition to a common set of membrane and cytosolic proteins, it is becoming increasingly apparent that exosomes harbor distinct subsets of proteins that may be linked to cell-type associated functions. The secretion ...
Melbourne scientists have made the surprise discovery that malaria parasites can talk to each other - a social behaviour to ensure the parasites survival and improve its chances of being transmitted to other humans. The finding could provide a niche for developing antimalarial drugs and vaccines that prevent or treat the disease by cutting these communication networks. Professor Alan Cowman, Dr. Neta Regev-Rudzki, Dr. Danny Wilson, and colleagues from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, in collaboration with Professor Andrew Hill from the University of Melbournes Bio21 Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, showed that malaria parasites are able to send out messages in exosome-like vesicles to communicate with other malaria parasites in the body. The study was published on March 15, 2013 in Cell. Professor Cowman said the researchers were shocked to discover that malaria parasites work in unison to enhance activation into sexually mature forms that can be picked ...
In this issue of Acta Physiologica, Benz et al. study the role of one important protein in the cyclic AMP signaling pathway, the A-kinase anchoring (AKAP)12. The downstream effects stemming from cAMP release are tightly controlled and activate a profusion of signaling pathways. However, many of these different processes function with largely the same major constituent proteins, including adenylate cyclases, kinases, phosphatases, and phosphodiesterases. cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which is the main intracellular target for cAMP, is widely found in these signaling assemblies, and is present at high concentrations in many tissues, playing varied roles in the regulation of molecular processes. Unexpectedly, despite its ubiquity there are only four isoforms of PKA regulatory subunit with which to impart functional and locational specificity ...
AKAP12; AKAP250; A-kinase anchor protein 12; AKAP-12; A-kinase anchor protein 250 kDa; AKAP 250; Gravin; Myasthenia gravis autoantigen ...
Numele ţării noastre a răsunat de-a lungul timpului în toată lumea datorită inventatorilor noştrii. Acest fapt continuă şi-n zilele noastre graţie inventatorilor care reprezintă an ...
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha - Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase family. Detailed annotation on the structure, function, physiology, pharmacology and clinical relevance of drug targets.
Gene Information This gene encodes a member of the A-kinase anchor protein family. A-kinase anchor proteins are scaffold proteins that contain a binding domain for the RI/RII subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and recruit PKA and other signaling molecules to specific subcellular locations. This gene encodes a nuclear A-kinase anchor protein that binds to the RII alpha subunit of PKA and may play a role in chromosome condensation during mitosis by targeting PKA and the condensin complex to chromatin. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq May 2011]. ...
Sarah C. Bernier, Marc-Antoine Millette, Sarah Roy, Line Cantin, Ana Coutinho, Christian Salesse, (2021). Structural information and membrane binding of truncated RGS9-1 Anchor Protein and its C-terminal hydrophobic segment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1863, ISSN 0005-2736. eISSN . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183566 ...
ALEXANDRIA, Va. - Awareness and knowledge of how to use high ethanol fuel blends remains relatively unchanged among consumers over the last few years, according to a recent national poll conducted online by Harris Poll on behalf of the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI). According to poll results, price continues to drive decisions at the pump and consumers do not pay much attention to pump warning labels. OPEI conducted similar research in 2013 and 2015. The 2016 poll results show that almost two-thirds (64%) of . . .
AKAP7 - AKAP7 (untagged)-Human A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 7 (AKAP7), transcript variant beta available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
Homo sapiens A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12 (AKAP12), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (H00009590-R01) - Products - Abnova
1. CukkemaneA, SeifertR, KauppUB (2011) Cooperative and uncooperative cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels. Trends Biochem Sci 36: 55-64.. 2. KauppUB, NiidomeT, TanabeT, TeradaS, BönigkW, et al. (1989) Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of the rod photoreceptor cyclic GMP-gated channel. Nature 342: 762-766.. 3. LudwigA, ZongX, JeglitschM, HofmannF, BielM (1998) A family of hyperpolarization-activated mammalian cation channels. Nature 393: 587-591.. 4. TakioK, SmithSB, KrebsEG, WalshKA, TitaniK (1982) Primary structure of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 2544-2548.. 5. TakioK, WadeRD, SmithSB, KrebsEG, WalshKA, et al. (1984) Guanosine cyclic 3′,5′-phosphate dependent protein kinase, a chimeric protein homologous with two separate protein families. Biochemistry 23: 4207-4218.. 6. de RooijJ, ZwartkruisFJ, VerheijenMH, CoolRH, NijmanSM, et al. (1998) Epac is a Rap1 ...
Background and purpose: The proteasome subunit α type 6 (PSMA6) is an important proteolytic protein regulating the expression of genes involved in inflammation. Recently, a functional polymorphism rs1048990, located in PSMA6, has been reported with the susceptibility to ischemic stroke (IS) in several ethnic cohorts, but the results were inconsistent. Moreover, it still lacks the data in Asian. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this polymorphism confers significant risk to IS in a Chinese population.. Methods: A total of 1102 IS cases and 975 healthy controls were analyzed in our study. We genotyped rs1048990 with ligation detection reaction (LDR) method and then performed a meta-analysis.. Results: Significant association between rs1048990 in PSMA6 and ischemic stroke was observed in all comparison models (genotype, p=0.016; allele, p=0.004; CG+GG vs. CC, adjusted p=0.006; GG vs. CG+CC, adjusted p=0.038). Further stratification for stroke subtype, similar differences ...
Differentially targeted protein that binds to type I and II regulatory subunits of protein kinase A and anchors them to the mitochondria or the plasma membrane. Although the physiological relevance between PKA and AKAPS with mitochondria is not fully understood, one idea is that BAD, a proapoptotic member, is phosphorylated and inactivated by mitochondria-anchored PKA. It cannot be excluded too that it may facilitate PKA as well as G protein signal transduction, by acting as an adapter for assembling multiprotein complexes. With its RGS domain, it could lead to the interaction to G-alpha proteins, providing a link between the signaling machinery and the downstream kinase (By similarity).
... type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5 ... Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and RII beta on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared with ... "MTG8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes". ... "Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein". The EMBO Journal. 16 (1): 35-43. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.1.35. ...
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit Descripteur en anglais: Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit [D12.776.476.563.150.125.875.875] Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits [D12.776.476.563.150.125.875.500] Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit [D12.776.476.563.150.125.875.750] Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... Protein Kinase A, Type II BX - Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
Cyclic AMP increases the mRNA levels for the regulatory subunit (R-II51) of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase in rat ... cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinases (RII beta and RI alpha) via multiple and distinct mechanisms. ... Hormonal regulation and age dependent changes in mRNA levels for regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in rat ... Cellular localization and age-dependent changes in mRNA for cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases in ...
Mutation of the RIIbeta subunit of protein kinase A differentially affects lipolysis but not gene induction in white adipose ... Cyclic AMP, PKA, and the physiological regulation of adiposity. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1998, 53:139-59. ... Activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway by luteinizing hormone in trout theca layers. Mol Cell ... Genetically lean mice result from targeted disruption of the RII beta subunit of protein kinase A. Nature. 1996, 382(6592):622- ...
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous enzymatic complex that is involved in a broad spectrum of ... The RIIß subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is expressed in the brain and adipose tissue. RIIß-knockout mice show ... Subunidad RIIbeta de la Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP ... Interaction between A-kinase anchoring protein 5 and protein kinase A mediates CaMKII/HDAC signaling to inhibit cardiomyocyte ...

No data available that match "cyclic amp dependent protein kinase riibeta subunit"


  • The lysosomal transporter mfsd1 is essential for liver homeostasis and critically depends on its accessory subunit glmp. (uio.no)
  • The activity of PKA depends on A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) that attach to PKAs close to their substrates to control signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, western blot analysis showed that WP and UroA treatment significantly increased the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and the expression of pCREB (Ser133) and its downstream molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which were decreased by H2O2 treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1957, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was identified as the first secondary messenger, and the first signaling cascade discovered was the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Not long ago, a new cAMP effector named exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) emerged as a critical mediator of cAMP's actions. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of WP and urolithin A (UroA) on H2O2-induced damage in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, and investigated its mechanisms in the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated signaling pathway, which is tightly involved in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. (bvsalud.org)