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Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha SubunitCyclic AMPProtein KinasesProtein Kinase CCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesPhosphorylationCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type IIProtein Kinase InhibitorsEnzyme ActivationCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha SubunitCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1CalciumProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesCyclic GMP-Dependent Protein KinasesMolecular Sequence DataSignal TransductionAmino Acid SequenceA Kinase Anchor ProteinsKineticsIsoenzymesCalmodulinCell LineMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta SubunitParamecium tetraureliaMAP Kinase Signaling SystemProtein BindingPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesCells, Culturedp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesEnzyme InhibitorseIF-2 KinaseCyclic GMPTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateBinding SitesProtein Kinase C-alphaSubstrate SpecificityBase SequenceMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1Molecular Dynamics SimulationComputer SimulationModels, MolecularWaterTriacetoneamine-N-OxylMotionProtein ConformationSearch EngineAdrenal Cortex DiseasesEndocrinology
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit
A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. It has a higher affinity for cAMP than that of the CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA SUBUNIT. Binding of this subunit by A KINASE ANCHOR PROTEINS may play a role in the cellular localization of type II protein kinase A.
Cyclic AMP
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
Protein Kinases
A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II
A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type II-specific regulatory subunits.
Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.
Enzyme Activation
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE.
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit
A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. It has a lower affinity for cAMP than the CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RIBETA SUBUNIT.
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1
A monomeric calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that is expressed in a broad variety of mammalian cell types. Its expression is regulated by the action of CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE. Several isoforms of this enzyme subtype are encoded by distinct genes.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
A Kinase Anchor Proteins
A structurally-diverse family of intracellular-signaling adaptor proteins that selectively tether specific protein kinase A subtypes to distinct subcellular sites. They play a role in focusing the PROTEIN KINASE A activity toward relevant substrates. Over fifty members of this family exist, most of which bind specifically to regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Isoenzymes
Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.
Calmodulin
A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit
A type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. It has a lower affinity for cAMP than the CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA SUBUNIT. Binding of this subunit by A KINASE ANCHOR PROTEINS may play a role in the cellular localization of type II protein kinase A.
Paramecium tetraurelia
A species of ciliate protozoa. It is used in biomedical research.
MAP Kinase Signaling System
An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
eIF-2 Kinase
A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Protein Kinase C-alpha
A cytoplasmic serine threonine kinase involved in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. Overexpression of this enzyme has been shown to promote PHOSPHORYLATION of BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and chemoresistance in human acute leukemia cells.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.
Computer Simulation
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Water
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl
Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.
Motion
Physical motion, i.e., a change in position of a body or subject as a result of an external force. It is distinguished from MOVEMENT, a process resulting from biological activity.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Search Engine
Software used to locate data or information stored in machine-readable form locally or at a distance such as an INTERNET site.
Adrenal Cortex Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.
Endocrinology
A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the metabolism, physiology, and disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.

Conservation and function of a bovine sperm A-kinase anchor protein homologous to mouse AKAP82. (1/68)

Protein kinase A regulates sperm motility through the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of proteins. One mechanism to direct the activity of the kinase is to localize it near its protein substrates through the use of anchoring proteins. A-Kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) act by binding the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and tethering it to a cellular organelle or cytoskeletal element. We showed previously that mAKAP82, the major protein of the fibrous sheath of the mouse sperm flagellum, is an AKAP. The available evidence indicates that protein kinase A is compartmentalized to the fibrous sheath by binding mAKAP82. To characterize AKAP82 in bovine sperm, a testicular cDNA library was constructed and used to isolate a clone encoding bAKAP82, the bovine homologue. Sequence analysis showed that the primary structure of bAKAP82 was highly conserved. In particular, the amino acid sequence corresponding to the region of mAKAP82 responsible for binding the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A was identical in the bull. Bovine AKAP82 was present in both epididymal and ejaculated sperm and was localized to the entire principal piece of the flagellum, the region in which the fibrous sheath is located. Finally, bAKAP82 bound the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. These data support the idea that bAKAP82 functions as an anchoring protein for the subcellular localization of protein kinase A in the flagellum.  (+info)

Generation of a novel A kinase anchor protein and a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-like analog from a single gene. (2/68)

A unique Drosophila gene encodes two novel signaling proteins. Drosophila A kinase anchor protein 200 (DAKAP200) (753 amino acids) binds regulatory subunits of protein kinase AII (PKAII) isoforms in vitro and in intact cells. The acidic DAKAP200 polypeptide (pI approximately 3.8) contains an optimal N-terminal myristoylation site and a positively charged domain that resembles the multifunctional phosphorylation site domain of vertebrate myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate proteins. The 15-kilobase pair DAKAP200 gene contains six exons and encodes a second protein, DeltaDAKAP200. DeltaDAKAP200 is derived from DAKAP200 transcripts by excision of exon 5 (381 codons), which encodes the PKAII binding region and a Pro-rich sequence. DeltaDAKAP200 appears to be a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate analog. DAKAP200 and DeltaDAKAP200 are evident in vivo at all stages of Drosophila development. Thus, both proteins may play important physiological roles throughout the life span of the organism. Nevertheless, DAKAP200 gene expression is regulated. Maximal levels of DAKAP200 are detected in the pupal phase of development; DeltaDAKAP200 content is elevated 7-fold in adult head (brain) relative to other body parts. Enhancement or suppression of exon 5 excision during DAKAP200 pre-mRNA processing provides potential mechanisms for regulating anchoring of PKAII and targeting of cAMP signals to effector sites in cytoskeleton and/or organelles.  (+info)

A novel mechanism of PKA anchoring revealed by solution structures of anchoring complexes. (3/68)

The specificity of intracellular signaling events is controlled, in part, by compartmentalization of protein kinases and phosphatases. The subcellular localization of these enzymes is often maintained by protein- protein interactions. A prototypic example is the compartmentalization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) through its association with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). A docking and dimerization domain (D/D) located within the first 45 residues of each regulatory (R) subunit protomer forms a high affinity binding site for its anchoring partner. We now report the structures of two D/D-AKAP peptide complexes obtained by solution NMR methods, one with Ht31(493-515) and the other with AKAP79(392-413). We present the first direct structural data demonstrating the helical nature of the peptides. The structures reveal conserved hydrophobic interaction surfaces on the helical AKAP peptides and the PKA R subunit, which are responsible for mediating the high affinity association in the complexes. In a departure from the dimer-dimer interactions seen in other X-type four-helix bundle dimeric proteins, our structures reveal a novel hydrophobic groove that accommodates one AKAP per RIIalpha D/D.  (+info)

Binding of PKA-RIIalpha to the Adenovirus E1A12S oncoprotein correlates with its nuclear translocation and an increase in PKA-dependent promoter activity. (4/68)

The adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) E1A12S oncoprotein utilizes the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signal transduction pathway to activate expression of the viral E2 gene, the products of which are essential for viral replication. A central unsolved question is, however, whether E1A12S interacts directly with PKA in the process of promoter activation. We show here that E1A12S binds to the regulatory subunits (R) of PKA in vitro and in vivo. Interaction depends on the N-terminus and the conserved region 1 (CR1) of E1A12S. Both domains are also essential for the activation of viral E2 gene expression. Infection of cells with Ad12 leads to the cellular redistribution of RIIalpha from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Furthermore, RIIalpha is also located in the nucleus of cells transformed by E1 of Ad12 and transient expression of E1A12S leads to the redistribution of RIIalpha into the nucleus in a N-terminus- and CR1-dependent manner. Cotransfection of E1A12S with RIIalpha results in strong activation of the E2 promoter. Based on these results we conclude that E1A12S functions as a viral A-kinase anchoring protein redistributing RIIalpha from the cytoplasm into the nucleus where it is involved in E1A12S-mediated activation of the E2 promoter.  (+info)

CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of PKA works as a molecular switch that promotes dissociation of RIIalpha from centrosomes at mitosis. (5/68)

Protein kinase A regulatory subunit RIIalpha is tightly bound to centrosomal structures during interphase through interaction with the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP450, but dissociates and redistributes from centrosomes at mitosis. The cyclin B-p34(cdc2) kinase (CDK1) has been shown to phosphorylate RIIalpha on T54 and this has been proposed to alter the subcellular localization of RIIalpha. We have made stable transfectants from an RIIalpha-deficient leukemia cell line (Reh) that expresses either wild-type or mutant RIIalpha (RIIalpha(T54E)). When expressed, RIIalpha detaches from centrosomes at mitosis and dissociates from its centrosomal location in purified nucleus-centrosome complexes by incubation with CDK1 in vitro. By contrast, centrosomal RIIalpha(T54E) is not redistributed at mitosis, remains mostly associated with centrosomes during all phases of the cell cycle and cannot be solubilized by CDK1 in vitro. Furthermore, RIIalpha is solubilized from particular cell fractions and changes affinity for AKAP450 in the presence of CDK1. D and V mutations of T54 also reduce affinity for the N-terminal RII-binding domain of AKAP450, whereas small neutral residues do not change affinity detected by surface plasmon resonance. In addition, only RIIalpha(T54E) interacts with AKAP450 in a RIPA-soluble extract from mitotic cells. Finally, microtubule repolymerization from mitotic centrosomes of the RIIalpha(T54E) transfectant is poorer and occurs at a lower frequency than that of RIIalpha transfectants. Our results suggest that T54 phosphorylation of RIIalpha by CDK1 might serve to regulate the centrosomal association of PKA during the cell cycle.  (+info)

Regulation of anchoring of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of PKA to AKAP95 by threonine phosphorylation of RIIalpha: implications for chromosome dynamics at mitosis. (6/68)

CDK1 phosphorylates the A-kinase regulatory subunit RIIalpha on threonine 54 (T54) at mitosis, an event proposed to alter the subcellular localization of RIIalpha. Using an RIIalpha-deficient leukemic cell line (Reh) and stably transfected Reh cell clones expressing wild-type RIIalpha or an RIIalpha(T54E) mutant, we show that RIIalpha associates with chromatin-bound A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP95 at mitosis and that this interaction involves phosphorylation of RIIalpha on T54. During interphase, both RIIalpha and RIIalpha(T54E) exhibit a centrosome-Golgi localization, whereas AKAP95 is intranuclear. At mitosis and in a mitotic extract, most RIIalpha, but not RIIalpha(T54E), co-fractionates with chromatin, onto which it associates with AKAP95. This correlates with T54 phosphorylation of RIIalpha. Disrupting AKAP95-RIIalpha anchoring or depleting RIIalpha from the mitotic extract promotes premature chromatin decondensation. In a nuclear reconstitution assay that mimics mitotic nuclear reformation, RIIalpha is threonine dephosphorylated and dissociates from AKAP95 prior to assembly of nuclear membranes. Lastly, the Reh cell line exhibits premature chromatin decondensation in vitro, which can be rescued by addition of wild-type RIIalpha or an RIIalpha(T54D) mutant, but not RIIalpha(T54E, A, L or V) mutants. Our results suggest that CDK1-mediated T54 phosphorylation of RIIalpha constitutes a molecular switch controlling anchoring of RIIalpha to chromatin-bound AKAP95, where the PKA-AKAP95 complex participates in remodeling chromatin during mitosis.  (+info)

Positive regulation of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion by protein kinase A. (7/68)

Integrin receptor activation is an important regulatory mechanism for cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion. In this study, we explore a signaling pathway activated by mAb 12G10, an antibody that can activate beta(1) integrins and induce integrin-mediated cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. We have found that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is required for both mAb 12G10-induced cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion of HT-1080 cells. Binding of mAb 12G10 to beta(1) integrins stimulates an increase in intracellular cAMP levels and PKA activity, and a concomitant shift in the localization of the PKA type II regulatory subunits from the cytoplasm to areas where integrins expressing the 12G10 epitope are located. MAb 12G10-induced cell-cell adhesion was mimicked by a combination of clustering beta(1) integrins and elevating PKA activity with Sp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate or forskolin. We also show that two processes required for HT-1080 cell-cell adhesion, integrin clustering and F-actin polymerization are both dependent on PKA. Taken together, our data suggest that PKA plays a key role in the signaling pathway, resulting from activation of beta(1) integrins, and that this enzyme may be required for upregulation of cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion.  (+info)

Evidence for involvement of A-kinase anchoring protein in activation of rat arterial K(ATP) channels by protein kinase A. (8/68)

1. We have investigated the possible role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in protein kinase A (PKA) signalling to ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels of rat isolated mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells using whole-cell patch clamp and peptides that inhibit PKA-AKAP binding. 2. Intracellular Ht31 peptide (20 microM), which inhibits the PKA-AKAP interaction, blocked K(ATP) current activation by either dibutyryl cAMP or calcitonin gene-related peptide. Ht31-proline (20 microM), which does not inhibit PKA binding to AKAP, did not block K(ATP) current activation. 3. Ht31 reduced K(ATP) current activated by pinacidil and also prevented its inhibition by Rp-cAMPS, effects consistent with Ht31 blocking steady-state K(ATP) channel activation by PKA. However, Ht31 did not prevent K(ATP) current activation by the catalytic subunit of PKA. 4. An antibody to the RII subunit of PKA showed localization of PKA near to the cell membrane. Our results provide evidence that both steady-state and receptor-driven activation of K(ATP) channels by PKA involve the localization of PKA by an AKAP.  (+info)

Purification of a regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Drosophila heads<...Purification of a regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Drosophila heads<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Purification of a regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Drosophila heads. AU - Inoue, Hiroko. AU - Yoshioka, Tohru. PY - 1997/6/9. Y1 - 1997/6/9. N2 - The cytosolic extract from Drosophila heads was separated using anion-exchange column chromatography. Two types of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), type I and type II, were detected, and type II PKA was found to be a major isozyme. The regulatory subunit of type II PKA (RII) was purified, and only one isoform was observed. The purified protein had an apparent molecular mass of 51 kDa on SDS gel electrophoresis. Partial amino acid sequences of the protein were almost identical with the RIIα subunit of human. Since PKA has been implicated to be especially important for learning and memory in Drosophila, the RII subunit may play an essential role in the regulation of neuronal activity in the brain of Drosophila, and possibly in human.. AB - The cytosolic extract from Drosophila heads was separated using ...
https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/purification-of-a-regulatory-subunit-of-type-ii-camp-dependent-pr
Type II regulatory subunits are not required for the anchoring-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channel activity by cAMP-dependent...Type II regulatory subunits are not required for the anchoring-dependent modulation of Ca2+ channel activity by cAMP-dependent...
Our results provide evidence that PKA remains anchored to AKAPs in vivo in RIIα knockout mouse skeletal muscle and that this anchoring sustains the PKA-dependent potentiation of the L-type Ca2+ channel. These results challenge the idea that type II regulatory subunits are required for anchoring of PKA in vivo and raise the possibility that RIα can also serve in this capacity. Immunocytochemical studies show that the C subunit of the type I holoenzyme in RIIα knockout skeletal muscle is colocalized in transverse tubules with the L-type Ca2+ channel, consistent with anchoring of type I PKA with Ca2+ channels. In vitro measurements of RIα binding affinity to Ht31 demonstrate that RIα binds to AKAPs with a 500-fold lower affinity than RIIα, but this low affinity is apparently sufficient for anchoring in vivo. Previous reports have estimated the intracellular concentration of PKA to be in the 1 μM range, which would lead to significant binding at the Kd measured by surface plasmon resonance. ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/94/20/11067
AKAP8 - PCR Primer Pair - SYBR | PrimePCR | Bio-RadAKAP8 - PCR Primer Pair - SYBR | PrimePCR | Bio-Rad
Gene Information This gene encodes a member of the A-kinase anchor protein family. A-kinase anchor proteins are scaffold proteins that contain a binding domain for the RI/RII subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and recruit PKA and other signaling molecules to specific subcellular locations. This gene encodes a nuclear A-kinase anchor protein that binds to the RII alpha subunit of PKA and may play a role in chromosome condensation during mitosis by targeting PKA and the condensin complex to chromatin. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq May 2011]. ...
https://www.bio-rad.com/en-us/prime-pcr-assays/assay/qhsacid0009854-primepcr-sybr-green-assay-akap8-human
AKAP10 - A-kinase anchor protein 10, mitochondrial precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - AKAP10 gene & proteinAKAP10 - A-kinase anchor protein 10, mitochondrial precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - AKAP10 gene & protein
Differentially targeted protein that binds to type I and II regulatory subunits of protein kinase A and anchors them to the mitochondria or the plasma membrane. Although the physiological relevance between PKA and AKAPS with mitochondria is not fully understood, one idea is that BAD, a proapoptotic member, is phosphorylated and inactivated by mitochondria-anchored PKA. It cannot be excluded too that it may facilitate PKA as well as G protein signal transduction, by acting as an adapter for assembling multiprotein complexes. With its RGS domain, it could lead to the interaction to G-alpha proteins, providing a link between the signaling machinery and the downstream kinase (By similarity).
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43572
AKAP 250 Polyclonal AntibodyAKAP 250 Polyclonal Antibody
AKAP12; AKAP250; A-kinase anchor protein 12; AKAP-12; A-kinase anchor protein 250 kDa; AKAP 250; Gravin; Myasthenia gravis autoantigen ...
https://biolinkk.com/products/akap-250-polyclonal-antibody/
A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) a promising therapeutic target of colorectal cancer | Journal of Experimental & Clinical...A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) a promising therapeutic target of colorectal cancer | Journal of Experimental & Clinical...
CRC is the third leading cause of mortality in men and women worldwide [1]. Most of the cancer-related deaths in CRC patients are as a result of early spread of cancer cells or due to reoccurrence post-surgical interventions [15]. Alterations in some key regulatory molecules involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and EMT pathways have been proposed in the initiation of carcinogenesis [16]. In this context, efforts are being made to identify and characterize tumor associated molecules for development of therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. A unique class of tumor associated antigens called cancer testis (CT) antigens has been reported in various malignancies and have been shown to be associated with tumor growth and metastasis [4]. Only few CT antigens with abundant expression, namely sperm associated antigen (SPAG9) and AKAP4 have been shown to be associated with CRC [5, 10]. In this study, we examined the involvement of AKAP4 in various malignant properties at phenotype and molecular level of ...
https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-015-0258-y
Very large A-kinase anchor proteinVery large A-kinase anchor protein
MSSGRRRGSAPWHSFSRFFAPRSPSRDKEEEEEERPGTSPPPAPGRSAASVENEPMSTSQKKENVLSSEA 1 - 70 VKIRQSEDKRNHAEKPVTLPVQEDPKKAYDLSSSTSDTKIGESDRQPKESFFQFLGNLFNISGKSSLGEA 71 - 140 KQSSFKDDQDKTEKDLQNPSDHHEDGIKREREIFSGSLRTQTHPTEEQDSNSSELSDAFSLDTTQDSDQE 141 - 210 TTNLLKQIDGKPEKPSVTYATYRGPRHIGKYLKQQTGLATVNTLDRENESSDSSTNRHIDPGSEIEAGVL 211 - 280 PLLLSASTDSSMKGNLLEGPLEDSDCSKTSFNKENSLTNNPELQNIASSNNLLNKNAWGSIERNRSSPSS 281 - 350 VTNSSYDGESDSQHHLSCEPVSQTNRNLVCSALLTGSNHRKVPCSPDFQRVTTTENTIKENSTVMSNRTL 351 - 420 VQREELVEPQGPAISDFSCSKSDGSDTTEQESTNLPSPNKSIRHEHLQLPESECSDKQTIDSSSKQAATH 421 - 490 TNIIALQRHAVTDTEFVNEGKRLSAQDSQKNVAVREIRRETESASAGESIASSHVKAPEDKIESLPKDTD 491 - 560 QYFETKAKKLDFRSHDKIPHIRMNKKDLASLNYISESAVVASLGNENAPELKFELNRSHISETPLDSESP 561 - 630 QQAEVSPDAKTSLSLDCKKLNFSISPPTFVSGVGMLSKLDIPDLMNEGSPVPIETGNVNIVGISYQPRKC 631 - 700 KEENVKNHVEAAGRKSPPPSFCLEYTSAIFEFKEVLSNSEKCQVLPGSEASGPHLTGLELLSFDSGNLSK 701 - 770 DCSSILSQDPNRVELVSSNTKANMSIIEKSDSLSLEAKTANIVSKAEIDGQNNVLVESHSGRGKTISLSK 771 - 840 ...
https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/targets/Q68DQ2
CRIS-A Novel cAMP-Binding Protein Controlling Spermiogenesis and the Development of Flagellar Bending | proLékaře.czCRIS-A Novel cAMP-Binding Protein Controlling Spermiogenesis and the Development of Flagellar Bending | proLékaře.cz
1. CukkemaneA, SeifertR, KauppUB (2011) Cooperative and uncooperative cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels. Trends Biochem Sci 36: 55-64.. 2. KauppUB, NiidomeT, TanabeT, TeradaS, BönigkW, et al. (1989) Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of the rod photoreceptor cyclic GMP-gated channel. Nature 342: 762-766.. 3. LudwigA, ZongX, JeglitschM, HofmannF, BielM (1998) A family of hyperpolarization-activated mammalian cation channels. Nature 393: 587-591.. 4. TakioK, SmithSB, KrebsEG, WalshKA, TitaniK (1982) Primary structure of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 2544-2548.. 5. TakioK, WadeRD, SmithSB, KrebsEG, WalshKA, et al. (1984) Guanosine cyclic 3′,5′-phosphate dependent protein kinase, a chimeric protein homologous with two separate protein families. Biochemistry 23: 4207-4218.. 6. de RooijJ, ZwartkruisFJ, VerheijenMH, CoolRH, NijmanSM, et al. (1998) Epac is a Rap1 ...
https://www.prolekare.cz/casopisy/plos-genetics/2013-12/cris-a-novel-camp-binding-protein-controlling-spermiogenesis-and-the-development-of-flagellar-bending-47453
Mutagenetix > Incidental...Mutagenetix > Incidental...
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is highly expressed in various brain regions and cardiac and skeletal muscle. It is specifically localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane, and is involved in anchoring PKA to the nuclear membrane or sarcoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...
https://mutagenetix.utsouthwestern.edu/incidental/incidental_rec.cfm?mid=174045
Mutagenetix > Incidental...Mutagenetix > Incidental...
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein is highly expressed in various brain regions and cardiac and skeletal muscle. It is specifically localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane, and is involved in anchoring PKA to the nuclear membrane or sarcoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...
https://mutagenetix.utsouthwestern.edu/incidental/incidental_rec.cfm?mid=165723
Human-gpDBHuman-gpDB
RecName: Full=A-kinase anchor protein 13; Short=AKAP-13;AltName: Full=Protein kinase A-anchoring protein 13;AltName: Full=Breast cancer nuclear receptor-binding auxiliary protein;AltName: Full=Human thyroid-anchoring protein 31;AltName: Full=Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Lbc;AltName: Full=AKAP-Lbc;AltName: Full=P47;AltName: Full=Lymphoid blast crisis oncogene; Short=LBC oncogene;AltName: Full=Non-oncogenic Rho GTPase-specific GTP exchange ...
http://schneider.embl.de/cgi-bin/human_gpdb.cgi?section=summary_sheet&gene=ENSG00000170776&category=effector&id=31
Gene Ontology ClassificationsGene Ontology Classifications
This gene encodes a member of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), a family of functionally related proteins that target protein kinase A to discrete locations within the cell. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and interacts with both the type I and type II regulatory subunits of PKA. It has been reported that this protein is important for maintaining heart rate and myocardial contractility through its targeting of protein kinase A. In mouse, defects of this gene lead to cardiac arrhythmias and premature death. In humans, polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013 ...
http://www.informatics.jax.org/go/marker/MGI:1890218
Akap10 (untagged) - Mouse A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 10 (Akap10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, (10ug) -...Akap10 (untagged) - Mouse A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 10 (Akap10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, (10ug) -...
Akap10 (untagged) - Mouse A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 10 (Akap10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, (10ug), 10 µg.
https://www.acris-antibodies.com/cdna/mouse-cdna/akap10-untagged-mouse-a-kinase-prka-anchor-protein-10-akap10-nuclear-gene-encoding-mitochondrial-protein-10ug-mc220256.htm
AKAP9 (A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9)AKAP9 (A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9)
AKAP9 (A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9), Authors: Raffaele Ciampi, Yuri E Nikiforov. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol.
http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/AKAP9ID42999ch7q21.html
Mus musculus A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 3 (Akap3), mRNA - Nucleotide - NCBIMus musculus A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 3 (Akap3), mRNA - Nucleotide - NCBI
Opens the Highlight Feature Bar and highlights feature annotations from the FEATURES table of the record. The Highlight Feature Bar can be used to navigate to and highlight other features and provides links to display the highlighted region separately. Links in the FEATURES table will also highlight the corresponding region of the sequence. More... ...
https://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/nuccore/NM_009650
OriGene - AKAP7 (NM 138633) cDNA CloneOriGene - AKAP7 (NM 138633) cDNA Clone
AKAP7 - AKAP7 (untagged)-Human A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 7 (AKAP7), transcript variant beta available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
http://www.origene.com/human_cdna/NM_138633/SC110061.aspx
OriGene - Akap1 (NM 009648) cDNA CloneOriGene - Akap1 (NM 009648) cDNA Clone
Akap1 - Akap1 (untagged) - Mouse A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 1 (Akap1), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1, (10ug) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
http://www.origene.com/Mouse_cDNA/MC222137.aspx
AKAP12 Pre-design Chimera RNAi - (H00009590-R01) - Products - AbnovaAKAP12 Pre-design Chimera RNAi - (H00009590-R01) - Products - Abnova
Homo sapiens A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein (gravin) 12 (AKAP12), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (H00009590-R01) - Products - Abnova
http://www.abnova.com/products/products_detail.asp?catalog_id=H00009590-R01
A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 | definition of A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 by Medical dictionaryA kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 | definition of A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 in the Medical Dictionary? A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 explanation free. What is A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6? Meaning of A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 medical term. What does A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/A+kinase+
akap14 Protein, A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 14 - Creative BioMartakap14 Protein, A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 14 - Creative BioMart
The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The protein anchors PKA in ciliary axonemes and, in this way, may play a role in regulating ciliary beat frequency. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
https://www.creativebiomart.net/symbolsearch_akap14.htm
Abstract 1231: Competitive Displacement of A Kinase Anchor Protein 121 From Mitochondria Triggers DNA Damage And Lowers...Abstract 1231: Competitive Displacement of A Kinase Anchor Protein 121 From Mitochondria Triggers DNA Damage And Lowers...
cAMP signals are locally amplified by scaffold proteins (A Kinase Anchor Proteins, AKAPs) that tether cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA) to discrete cellular locations. Here we hypothesized that mitochondrial anchoring of PKA promotes survival in muscle cells. We identified AKAP121 as the major mitochondrial AKAP in cardiomyocytes and aortic smooth muscle cells. In response to pressure overload, cardiac AKAP121 levels were significantly reduced, inducing marked mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and activation of the DNA repair machinery. To test the role of AKAP121 in the modulation of cell survival, we synthesized peptides (AK-in) containing AKAP121 mitochondrial targeting domain but lacking its PKA binding motif, in order to competitively displace the endogenous AKAP121/PKA complex from mitochondria. Sequence-scrambled peptides were synthetized and used as controls (S). 24 hours after administration, FITC-conjugated AK-in peptides co-localized with mitochondria at confocal microscopy; ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/Suppl_16/II_250.2
AKAP10 Antibody - AFG ScientificAKAP10 Antibody - AFG Scientific
A-kinase anchor protein 10, mitochondrial (AKAP-10) (Dual specificity A kinase-anchoring protein 2) (D-AKAP-2) (Protein kinase A-anchoring protein 10) (PRKA10), ...
https://www.afgsci.com/product/akap10-antibody-2/
Structural information and membrane binding of truncated RGS9-1 Anchor Protein and its C-terminal hydrophobic segment | ...Structural information and membrane binding of truncated RGS9-1 Anchor Protein and its C-terminal hydrophobic segment | ...
Sarah C. Bernier, Marc-Antoine Millette, Sarah Roy, Line Cantin, Ana Coutinho, Christian Salesse, (2021). Structural information and membrane binding of truncated RGS9-1 Anchor Protein and its C-terminal hydrophobic segment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1863, ISSN 0005-2736. eISSN . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183566 ...
https://biblios.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/detalhes/49232
Organelle-specific targeting of protein kinase AII (PKAII): Molecular and in situ characterization of murine A kinase anchor...Organelle-specific targeting of protein kinase AII (PKAII): Molecular and in situ characterization of murine A kinase anchor...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Organelle-specific targeting of protein kinase AII (PKAII). T2 - Molecular and in situ characterization of murine A kinase anchor proteins that recruit regulatory subunits of PKAII to the cytoplasmic surface of mitochondria. AU - Chen, Qian. AU - Lin, Reigh Yi. AU - Rubin, Charles S.. PY - 1997/6/13. Y1 - 1997/6/13. N2 - Experiments were designed to test the idea that A kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) tether regulatory subunits (RII) of protein kinase AII (PKAII) isoforms to surfaces of organelles that are bounded by phospholipid bilayers. S-AKAP84, one of three RII-binding proteins encoded by a single-copy murine gene, was studied as a prototypic organelle-associated AKAP. When S-AKAP84 was expressed in HEK293 cells, the anchor protein was targeted to mitochondria and excluded from other cell compartments. The RII tethering site is located in the cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial surface. Endogenous RII subunits are not associated with mitochondria isolated from control ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/organelle-specific-targeting-of-protein-kinase-aii-pkaii-molecula-2
Kinome and phosphoproteome of high-grade meningiomas reveal AKAP12 as a central regulator of aggressiveness and its possible...Kinome and phosphoproteome of high-grade meningiomas reveal AKAP12 as a central regulator of aggressiveness and its possible...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Kinome and phosphoproteome of high-grade meningiomas reveal AKAP12 as a central regulator of aggressiveness and its possible role in progression. AU - Parada, Carolina Angelica. AU - Osbun, Joshua. AU - Kaur, Sumanpreet. AU - Yakkioui, Youssef. AU - Shi, Min. AU - Pan, Catherine. AU - Busald, Tina. AU - Karasozen, Yigit. AU - Gonzalez-Cuyar, Luis Francisco. AU - Rostomily, Robert. AU - Zhang, Jing. AU - Ferreira, Manuel. PY - 2018/12/1. Y1 - 2018/12/1. N2 - There is a need to better understand meningioma oncogenesis for biomarker discovery and development of targeted therapies. Histological or genetic criteria do not accurately predict aggressiveness. Post-translational studies in meningioma progression are lacking. In the present work, we introduce a combination of mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics and peptide array kinomics to profile atypical and anaplastic (high-grade) meningiomas. In the discovery set of fresh-frozen tissue specimens (14), the A-kinase anchor protein ...
https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/publications/kinome-and-phosphoproteome-of-high-grade-meningiomas-reveal-akap1
Sparrho | Regulatory and functional compartment of three multifunctioSparrho | Regulatory and functional compartment of three multifunctio
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase has been well established to be composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits, and cyclic AMP acts to dissociate these subun
https://www.sparrho.com/item/regulatory-and-functional-compartment-of-three-multifunctional-protein-kinase-systems/11e2824/
Positive Tested Species Reactivity: Human, Rhesus-monkeyPositive Tested Species Reactivity: Human, Rhesus-monkey
The Enzyme Collection contains over 550 mAbs that recognize catalytic domains or associated regulatory subunits in enyme complexes
https://dshb.biology.uiowa.edu/collections/enzymes/custitem34/Human,Rhesus-monkey?page=3
Positive Tested Species Reactivity: Xenopus-laevis, Recommended Applications: FACS, ImmunohistochemistryPositive Tested Species Reactivity: Xenopus-laevis, Recommended Applications: FACS, Immunohistochemistry
The Enzyme Collection contains over 550 mAbs that recognize catalytic domains or associated regulatory subunits in enyme complexes
https://dshb.biology.uiowa.edu/collections/enzymes/custitem34/Xenopus-laevis/custitem40/FACS,Immunohistochemistry
AKAP12 Gene - GeneCards | AKA12 Protein | AKA12 AntibodyAKAP12 Gene - GeneCards | AKA12 Protein | AKA12 Antibody
Complete information for AKAP12 gene (Protein Coding), A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 12, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=AKAP12
AKAP7 Gene - GeneCards | AKA7G Protein | AKA7G AntibodyAKAP7 Gene - GeneCards | AKA7G Protein | AKA7G Antibody
Complete information for AKAP7 gene (Protein Coding), A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 7, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=AKAP7
Bifunctional Ligands for Inhibition of Tight-Binding Protein-Protein Interactions. - Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsBifunctional Ligands for Inhibition of Tight-Binding Protein-Protein Interactions. - Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
The acknowledged potential of small-molecule therapeutics targeting disease-related protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has promoted active research in this field. The strategy of using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) to fight strong (tight-binding) PPIs tends to fall short due to the flat and wide interfaces of PPIs. Here we propose a biligand approach for disruption of strong PPIs. The potential of this approach was realized for disruption of the tight-binding (KD = 100 pM) tetrameric holoenzyme of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Supported by X-ray analysis of cocrystals, bifunctional inhibitors (ARC-inhibitors) were constructed that simultaneously associated with both the ATP-pocket and the PPI interface area of the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAc). Bifunctional inhibitor ARC-1411, possessing a KD value of 3 pM toward PKAc, induced the dissociation of the PKA holoenzyme with a low-nanomolar IC50, whereas the ATP-competitive inhibitor H89 bound to the PKA holoenzyme without disruption of the
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/636526
PRKAR2APRKAR2A
... type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5 ... and characterization of subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human testis. Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and ... "MTG8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes". ... "Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein". The EMBO Journal. 16 (1): 35-43. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.1.35. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKAR2A
Tore Jahnsen - Institutt for medisinske basalfagTore Jahnsen - Institutt for medisinske basalfag
Solberg, Rigmor & Jahnsen, Tore (1994). Human type I regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. Structure, ... and characterization of subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human testis. Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and ... Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (vertebrates), In G. Hardie & S. Hanks (ed.), The Protein Kinase FactsBook. Elsevier. ISBN ... and regulation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. * Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Jahnsen, Tore (1993). Isozymes of cyclic AMP- ...
https://www.med.uio.no/imb/personer/vit/torej/index.html
SMART: Secondary literature for RIIa domainSMART: Secondary literature for RIIa domain
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is tethered to protein kinase A anchoring proteins (AKAPs) through regulatory subunits (R) ... with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Using an interaction cloning strategy with RIIalpha as a probe, we have isolated ... of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK), the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) and the regulatory (R) ... A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) bind to the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to direct the kinase ...
http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/smart/show_secondary.cgi?domain=RIIa
obesity - BioMedLib™ search engineobesity - BioMedLib™ search engine
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit; EC 2.7.11.11 / Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ... The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling system is widely expressed and has a central role in regulating cellular ... Differentially regulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in adipose tissue and liver is associated with resistance to diet- ... Title] Differentially regulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in adipose tissue and liver is associated with resistance to ...
http://bmlreview.com/?kwr=obesity&smntc=governmental+or+regulatory+activity&kwr=&ck=&cxts=10&fntszff=100&hghlght=maroon&srtrdr=relevance&annttn=none&pdthm=2010&hqryhstry=5062b3f288e4d101&pgwdth=100&mld=&wft=wims&b4s=469216088
Gene Report for G00001423 - Genes2Cognition Neuroscience Research ProgrammeGene Report for G00001423 - Genes2Cognition Neuroscience Research Programme
Here we found that MTG8 interacted with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA RIIalpha). ... Phosphorylation of the type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and ... Localization of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) restricts the action of ... subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, particularly the RII subunits in rat tissues (Jahnsen, T., Lohmann, S. M., ...
http://www.genes2cognition.org/db/Gene/G00001423
Molecular basis of AKAP specificity for PKA regulatory subunits. | PsychologyMolecular basis of AKAP specificity for PKA regulatory subunits. | Psychology
Localization of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) restricts the action of ... The high-resolution crystal structures of the docking and dimerization (D/D) domain of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of PKA ... Molecular basis of AKAP specificity for PKA regulatory subunits. Share this page: ... whereas polar residues are important in conferring R subunit isoform specificity. Using a peptide screening approach, we have ...
https://psychology.as.uky.edu/molecular-basis-akap-specificity-pka-regulatory-subunits
Oculocutaneous Albinism - Albinism, Yellow Mutant Summary Report | CureHunterOculocutaneous Albinism - Albinism, Yellow Mutant Summary Report | CureHunter
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha SubunitIBA 01/01/2015 - "Serum 25(OH)D and SNPs (n = 960) related to genes with ... cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [PRKACG], cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit [ ... cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [PRKACG], cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit [ ... cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [PRKACG], cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit [ ...
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD016115.do
PRKAR2A - WikipediaPRKAR2A - Wikipedia
... type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5 ... and characterization of subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in human testis. Reverse mobilities of human RII alpha and ... "MTG8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes". ... "Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein". The EMBO Journal. 16 (1): 35-43. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.1.35. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKAR2A
Selected Publications of Dr. Holz | Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism | SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySelected Publications of Dr. Holz | Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism | SUNY Upstate Medical University
... cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PDE, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase; K-ATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channel; VDCC, voltage- ... demonstrated to be a selective activator of proglucagon gene expression under the control of RII alpha/beta regulatory subunits ... High-throughput FRET assays for fast time-dependent detection of cyclic AMP in pancreatic beta cells. "Cyclic Nucleotide ... Surprisingly, protein kinase A (PKA) activity was found to be permissive in order for the Epac activator to exert its effect. ...
https://www.upstate.edu/endo/research/laboratory-research/holz_publications.php
NEW (2008) DeCS DESCRIPTORS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 21/02/2008NEW (2008) DeCS DESCRIPTORS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 21/02/2008
Protein Kinase Type II, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit UI - D054754 MN - ... Protein Kinase A, Type I BX - Protein Kinase Type I, Cyclic AMP-Dependent MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic ... protein kinase A. HN - 2008(1998) BX - Protein Kinase A, RII alpha Subunit MH - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta ... CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. HN - 2008 MH ...
http://decs2020.bvsalud.org/I/dcsnew2008.txt
A kinase anchor protein 200A kinase anchor protein 200
... subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The Akap200 gene produces two different transcripts, one that contains ... The RIalpha subunit binds AKAPs, although with a 500-fold lower affinity than the RIIalpha subunit. The potentiation of the L- ... In wild-type ovaries, cAMP-dependent protein kinase R2 (Pka-RII) the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (Pka ... A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAP) help regulate the intracellular organization of cyclic AMP-dependent kinase (PKA) and actin ...
https://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/dbzhnsky/akap2c-1.htm
PROTEIN KINASE A ANCHORING IN SPERMATOZOAN FUNCTION - Oregon Health & Science UniversityPROTEIN KINASE A ANCHORING IN SPERMATOZOAN FUNCTION - Oregon Health & Science University
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Medicine & Life Sciences * Protein Kinases Medicine & Life Sciences ... This targeting of PKA is mediated by binding of the regulatory subunits (R) with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). If ... We and others have shown that the type II alpha (RIIalpha) isoform is detected exclusively in the flagellum suggesting an ... There is ample evidence that cAMP and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are involved in the regulation of sperm motility ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/protein-kinase-a-anchoring-in-spermatozoan-function-2
cGMP BIOLOG Life Science InstitutecGMP BIOLOG Life Science Institute
Target receptors for the second messenger cyclic GMP include protein kinase G isozymes, cGMP-gated ion channels as well as cGMP ... as a Potent and Specific Activator of cyclic AMP- dependent Protein Kinase in Cell Extracts and Intact Cells" ... J. Biochem., 268, 6197 - 6206 (2001), "The Regulatory Subunit of a cGMP- regulated Protein Kinase A of Trypanosoma Brucei" ... Pharmacol., 387, 1163 - 1175 (2014), "N4-monobutyryl-cCMP Activates PKA RIalpha and PKA RIIalpha more Potently and with Higher ...
https://www.biolog.de/cgmp
Signal transduction PKA signalingSignal transduction PKA signaling
Biological Actions of Activated RSK1 Are Determined by Its Interactions with Subunits of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase. ... Regulation of anchoring of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of PKA to AKAP95 by threonine phosphorylation of RIIalpha: ... A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent ... PKA-cat may be regulated by 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 ( PDK-1 ) [15], Protein kinase (cAMP-dependent, ...
http://pathwaymaps.com/maps/675/
Search | Global Index MedicusSearch | Global Index Medicus
Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics , ... those of RIIalpha and Calpha were increased remarkably. The activities of AC, PDE and PKA were also increased in the SH-SY5Y ... cAMP-degrading cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Experiments were performed to ... Purpose: The G-protein β3-subunit gene C825T polymorphism (GNB3-C825T) has been reported to be associated with essential ...
https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/?lang=en&q=mh:Heterotrimeric+GTP-Binding+Proteins/genetics
Frontiers | Candidate genes in ocular dominance plasticity | NeuroscienceFrontiers | Candidate genes in ocular dominance plasticity | Neuroscience
... acetylcholine esterase and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. This was indicative of the viability of ... The list contained unproven, but not surprising, candidates, such as the genes for IGF-1, NCAM1, NOGO-A, the gamma2 subunit of ... The list contained unproven, but not surprising, candidates, such as the genes for IGF-1, NCAM1, NOGO-A, the gamma2 subunit of ... The objective of this study was to identify new candidate genes involved in experience-dependent plasticity. To this aim, we ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2012.00011/full
AKAP5 Gene - GeneCards | AKAP5 Protein | AKAP5 AntibodyAKAP5 Gene - GeneCards | AKAP5 Protein | AKAP5 Antibody
Protein Coding), A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 5, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. ... Binding protein for dimer of the RII-beta regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and also for the protein ... RII-alpha binding site, predicted to form an amphipathic helix, could participate in protein-protein interactions with a ... cyclic amp. Experimental. *MalaCards. *Medline Plus. Pharma. 0. (2) Additional Compounds for AKAP5 Gene - From: Novoseek ...
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=AKAP5
Sp-cAMPS, triethyl ammonium salt BIOLOG Life Science InstituteSp-cAMPS, triethyl ammonium salt BIOLOG Life Science Institute
... cyclic AMP agonist). Considerably higher resistance against cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases compared to dibutyryl- or 8-Br ... "Crystal Structures of RI Alpha Subunit of Cyclic Adenosine 5 monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent Protein Kinase Complexed with (R-p ... Pharmacol., 387, 1163 - 1175 (2014), "N4-monobutyryl-cCMP Activates PKA RIalpha and PKA RIIalpha more Potently and with Higher ... Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res., 10, 371 - 382 (1985), "Inhibition of Cyclic AMP- Dependent Protein Kinase ...
https://www.biolog.de/sp-camps-3365
Drug-induced Parkinsons disease modulates protein kinase A and Olfactory Marker Protein in the mouse olfactory bulb |...Drug-induced Parkinson's disease modulates protein kinase A and Olfactory Marker Protein in the mouse olfactory bulb |...
Olfactory Marker Protein decreased in the olfactory bulb of MPTP mice, while a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase increased in ... Differential expression and Ser 897 phosphorylation of striatal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 in animal models of ... murine PKA RIIalpha (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany, 1:200); adjacent sections were incubated with 100 nM 8- ... Olfactory Marker Protein and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as an intracellular pathway involved in dopaminergic ...
https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12993-017-0119-2
Search | Global Index MedicusSearch | Global Index Medicus
Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics , ... those of RIIalpha and Calpha were increased remarkably. The activities of AC, PDE and PKA were also increased in the SH-SY5Y ... Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism , Gamma Rays , ... cAMP-degrading cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Experiments were performed to ...
https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/?lang=en&q=mh:Heterotrimeric+GTP-Binding+Proteins
DeCS 2008 - New termsDeCS 2008 - New terms
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit. Subunidade RIIalfa da Proteína Quinase Dependente de AMP Cíclico. ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIbeta Subunit. Subunidade RIbeta da Proteína Quinase Dependente de AMP Cíclico. Subunidad ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit. Subunidade RIalfa da Proteína Quinase Dependente de AMP Cíclico. Subunidad ... Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits. Subunidades Catalíticas da Proteína Quinase Dependente de AMP Cíclico. ...
http://decs2008.bvsalud.org/I/new_2008.htm
Protein ks | Article about protein ks by The Free DictionaryProtein k's | Article about protein k's by The Free Dictionary
Find out information about protein ks. Any enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation reactions Explanation of protein ks ... cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. *Cyclic Nucleotides. *cyclin-dependent kinase. *cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase ... protein kinase A RII-alpha subunit. *protein kinase A type-1a regulatory subunit ... kinase. (redirected from protein ks). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical. kinase. [′kī‚nās] (biochemistry) Any ...
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/protein+k
Pain modulators regulate the dynamics of PKA-RII phosphorylation in subgroups of sensory neurons | Journal of Cell SciencePain modulators regulate the dynamics of PKA-RII phosphorylation in subgroups of sensory neurons | Journal of Cell Science
1999). PrKX is a novel catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulated by the regulatory subunit type I. J. ... the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current in neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurones via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A ... 2004). Reduced ocular dominance plasticity and long-term potentiation in the developing visual cortex of protein kinase A RII ... Protein kinase A (PKA) represents a family of tetrameric kinases composed of regulatory (R) and catalytic (C) subunits. At low ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/127/1/216
OUH - PublicationsOUH - Publications
Cyclic AMP regulates expression of the RI alpha subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase through an alternatively spliced 5 ... Mapping of the gene encoding the regulatory subunit RII alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (locus PRKAR2A) to human ... MULTIPLE GENES FOR REGULATORY AND CATALYTIC SUBUNITS OF CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED AND ... Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases and human trophoblast cell differentiation in vitro. J Cell Sci, 111 ( Pt 7), 995-1004. ...
https://www.ous-research.no/home/kt/Publications/18749
Adenovirus e2 proteins. Medical searchAdenovirus e2 proteins. Medical search
A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. They ... ONCOGENE PROTEINS, FUSION).Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein: A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium- ... Based on these results we conclude that E1A12S functions as a viral A-kinase anchoring protein redistributing RIIalpha from the ... Adenovirus E1A ProteinsAdenovirus E4 ProteinsAdenovirus E1B ProteinsAdenovirus Early ProteinsAdenovirus E3 ProteinsAdenovirus ...
https://lookformedical.com/en/search/adenovirus-e2-proteins
AKAPsRegulatoryCatalytic subunitAKAPIntracellularLocalizationPhosphorylationNucleotideIsoformsGeneAnchorCalphaInteractsReceptorsActivatorRIalphaEnzymePolymorphismSperm-specificTarget proteinsCytoskeletalRegulateConformationalAdenylateRegulator2002PathwaysAxonemeBindingVariantsPredominantly expressedRegulationBiochemicalEndosomesGenes involvedHuman
AKAPs12
  • The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is targeted to specific subcellular compartments through its interaction with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • AKAPs contain an amphipathic helix domain that binds to the type II regulatory subunit of PKA (RII). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • These data suggest that sperm contains several proteins that bind to AKAPs in a manner similar to RII and imply that AKAPs may have additional and perhaps unique functions in spermatozoa. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • cAMP-dependent protein kinase is targeted to discrete subcellular locations by a family of specific anchor proteins (A-kinase anchor proteins, AKAPs). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Although AKAPs have been identified on the basis of their interaction with PKA, they also bind other signaling molecules, mainly phosphatases and kinases, that regulate AKAP targeting and activate other signal transduction pathways.We suggest that AKAP forms a "transduceosome" by acting as an autonomous multivalent scaffold that assembles and integrates signals derived from multiple pathways. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Localization of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) restricts the action of this broad specificity kinase. (uky.edu)
  • It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and determine the subcellular localization of PKA. (wikipedia.org)
  • This sequestration is achieved through A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), a heterogeneous family of proteins that bind to PKA regulatory subunits and anchor PKA holoenzyme (Scott, 1994). (sdbonline.org)
  • This targeting of PKA is mediated by binding of the regulatory subunits (R) with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). (elsevier.com)
  • We have also shown that membrane permeable peptides, designed to disrupt the interaction of RIIalpha with sperm AKAPs, arrest sperm motility. (elsevier.com)
  • Specifically, we will determine the structure and function of AKAP 110, document the subcellular location of PKA regulatory subunits and their AKAPs and define the key biochemical mechanisms regulated by PKA/AKAP110 interaction. (elsevier.com)
  • The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. (genecards.org)
Regulatory18
  • Undifferentiated NT2 cells expressed mainly cytoplasmic PKA type I, consisting of the regulatory subunit RIalpha and the catalytic subunit Calpha. (uio.no)
  • Identification of sperm-specific proteins that interact with A-kinase anchoring proteins in a manner similar to the type II regulatory subunit of PKA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • and (ii) a tethering domain that interacts with PKA regulatory subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Molecular basis of AKAP specificity for PKA regulatory subunits. (uky.edu)
  • The high-resolution crystal structures of the docking and dimerization (D/D) domain of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of PKA both in the apo state and in complex with the high-affinity anchoring peptide AKAP-IS explain the molecular basis for AKAP-regulatory subunit recognition. (uky.edu)
  • cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR2A gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inactive holoenzyme of PKA is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits of PKA have been identified in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the absence of cAMP, inactive Protein kinase A is a holoenzyme (PKA), a heterotetramer of two identical catalytic subunits (Pka-C) and two identical regulatory subunits (Pka-R). When cAMP is present, it binds to the regulatory subunits and releases catalytic subunits from the holoenzyme, allowing phosphorylation of target substrates. (sdbonline.org)
  • In metazoans (except C. elegans ), the PKA regulatory subunits are of two types: type I (Pka-RI) or type II (Pka-RII). (sdbonline.org)
  • Mammals have two isoforms of each type of regulatory subunit (e.g. (sdbonline.org)
  • Pka-RI a or Pka-RIß) but Drosophila has only one isoform of each type of regulatory subunit. (sdbonline.org)
  • In its inactivated state, PKA exists as a tetrameric complex of two catalytic subunits ( PKA-cat alpha and PKA-cat beta) and two regulatory subunits ( PKA-reg ) (alpha and beta type I or alpha and beta type II). (pathwaymaps.com)
  • The encoded protein binds to the RII-beta regulatory subunit of PKA, and also to protein. (genecards.org)
  • Protein kinase A (PKA) represents a family of tetrameric kinases composed of regulatory (R) and catalytic (C) subunits. (biologists.org)
  • Four regulatory (RIα, RIβ, RIIα, RIIβ) and four catalytic subunits (Cα, Cβ, Cγ, PrKX) give rise to multiple isoenzymes, categorized by their R-subunit class into PKA-I and PKA-II, respectively. (biologists.org)
Catalytic subunit7
  • Identification and Characterization of Novel Mutations in the Human Gene Encoding the Catalytic Subunit Calpha of Protein Kinase A (PKA). (uio.no)
  • Involvement of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and of HA95 in pre-mRNA splicing. (uio.no)
  • Identification of novel splice variants of the human catalytic subunit cbeta of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (uio.no)
  • Four different isoforms of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, termed Calpha, Cbeta,Cgamma and PrKX have been identified. (uio.no)
  • This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. (wikipedia.org)
  • The list contained unproven, but not unexpected candidates such as the genes for IGF-1, NCAM1, NOGO-A, the gamma2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, acetylcholine esterase, and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. This demonstrates the viability of our approach. (frontiersin.org)
  • One difference between PKA-I and PKA-II is in their inhibitory domain, which blocks the catalytic subunit. (biologists.org)
AKAP7
  • However, inhibition of the PKA catalytic activity does not mimic these peptides, suggesting that the peptides are disrupting the interaction of AKAP(s) with proteins other than PKA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • These proteins, ropporin (a protein previously shown to interact with the Rho signaling pathway) and AKAP-associated sperm protein, are 39% identical to each other and share a strong sequence similarity with the conserved domain on the N terminus of RII that is involved in dimerization and AKAP binding. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Flagellar radial spoke protein 3 is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Here we test the hypothesis that the axoneme contains an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Conserved AKAP aliphatic residues dominate interactions to RII at the predominantly hydrophobic interface, whereas polar residues are important in conferring R subunit isoform specificity. (uky.edu)
  • Bovine, mouse, monkey and human sperm all contain one predominant RIIalpha binding AKAP with Mr of approximately 110,000. (elsevier.com)
  • Purification and partial amino acid sequences show that sperm AKAP 110 is a novel protein. (elsevier.com)
Intracellular6
  • Protein kinase A, a ubiquitous, highly conserved serine-threonine kinase, is a key intracellular transducer of many hormonal and other extracellular signals. (sdbonline.org)
  • cAMP is a cyclic nucleotide that serves as an intracellular and, in some cases, extracellular second messenger mediating the action of many peptide or amine hormones. (pathwaymaps.com)
  • The level of intracellular cAMP is regulated by the balance between the activities of two types of enzyme, Adenylate Cyclase and the cyclic nucleotide Phosphodiesterase (PDE). (pathwaymaps.com)
  • Multivalent scaffold protein that anchors the cAMP-dependent protein kinase/PKA to cytoskeletal and/or organelle-associated proteins, targeting the signal carried by cAMP to specific intracellular effectors (PubMed:1512224). (genecards.org)
  • Brains and olfactory mucosa were investigated via immunohistochemistry for thyrosine hydroxylase, Olfactory Marker Protein and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as an intracellular pathway involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heterotrimeric G proteins are key intracellular coordinators that receive signals from cells through activation of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (bvsalud.org)
Localization1
  • These isoenzymes differ in their biochemical properties, expression pattern, interacting proteins, as well as their subcellular localization ( Pidoux and Taskén, 2010 ). (biologists.org)
Phosphorylation4
  • cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase, more commonly called Protein Kinase A (PKA), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isoform-specific PKA reporters showed in sensory-neuron-derived F11 cells that the inflammatory mediator PGE 2 specifically activated PKA-II but not PKA-I. Accordingly, pain-sensitizing inflammatory mediators and activators of PKA increased the phosphorylation of RII subunits (pRII) in subgroups of primary sensory neurons. (biologists.org)
  • Increase of pRII was followed by phosphorylation of CREB in a PKA-dependent manner. (biologists.org)
  • Thus, we propose RII phosphorylation to represent an isoform-specific readout for endogenous PKA-II activity in vivo , suggest RIIβ as a novel nociceptive subgroup marker, and extend the current model of PKA-II activation by introducing a PP2A-dependent basal state. (biologists.org)
Nucleotide2
  • Sustained activation of cAMP-G protein signaling system by agonist results in desensitization of the pathway at receptor levels, however it is not clear whether such receptor responses induce other changes in post-receptor signaling path that are associated with maintenance of AMP levels, i.e. cAMP-forming adenylate cyclase (AC), cAMP-degrading cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). (bvsalud.org)
  • Considerably higher resistance against cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases compared to dibutyryl- or 8-Br-cAMP (Cat. (biolog.de)
Isoforms2
  • Experiments were performed to determine the expression of AC, PDE, and PKA isoforms in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, in which cAMP system was activated by expressing a constitutively activated mutant of stimulatory G protein (Q227L Gsalpha). (bvsalud.org)
  • Knowledge about the molecular structure of protein kinase A (PKA) isoforms is substantial. (biologists.org)
Gene4
  • One of such activation pathways is Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor(I-kB)-dependent cascade. (pathwaymaps.com)
  • Purpose: The G-protein β3-subunit gene C825T polymorphism (GNB3-C825T) has been reported to be associated with essential hypertension (EH), but results from previous studies are conflicting. (bvsalud.org)
  • AKAP5 (A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 5) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
  • To explore the association between C825T polymorphism of G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) gene and different Hilit types of essential hypertension (EH) in the Uygur nationality of Xinjiang. (bvsalud.org)
Anchor2
  • The biological functions of A-kinase anchor proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • It is predominantly expressed in cerebral cortex and may anchor the PKA protein at postsynaptic densities (PSD) and be involved in the regulation of postsynaptic events. (genecards.org)
Calpha2
  • Low levels of PKA type II consisting of RIIalpha or RIIbeta associated with Calpha were also detected, mainly in the cytoplasm and in the Golgi-centrosomal area. (uio.no)
  • the levels of PKA RIalpha, RIbeta, and RIIbeta were increased moderately, however, those of RIIalpha and Calpha were increased remarkably. (bvsalud.org)
Interacts3
  • Protein kinase A-anchoring protein AKAP95 interacts with MCM2, a regulator of DNA replication. (uio.no)
  • Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 90kDa polypeptide 1 ( p90RSK1 ) may regulate the ability of PKA to be bound to cAM P. Inactive p90RSK1 interacts with PKA-reg type I subunit. (pathwaymaps.com)
  • Conversely, active p90RSK1 interacts with the PKA-cat subunit. (pathwaymaps.com)
Receptors3
  • Target receptors for the second messenger cyclic GMP include protein kinase G isozymes, cGMP-gated ion channels as well as cGMP-responsive phosphodiesterases. (biolog.de)
  • Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G protein) are known to participate in the transduction of signals from ligand activated receptors to effector molecules to elicit cellular responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • G-protein β-polypeptide 3 (GNB3) is a β subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). (bvsalud.org)
Activator1
  • Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)
RIalpha1
  • During retinoic acid-induced differentiation, the RIalpha and RIIalpha expressions remained in the cytoplasm, while we observed a strong upregulation of RIIbeta, located to the whole cytoplasm including neurite extensions. (uio.no)
Enzyme1
  • Protein kinase cAMP-dependent ( PKA ) is an enzyme playing key role in a number of cellular processes. (pathwaymaps.com)
Polymorphism1
  • BACKGROUND/AIMS: A link between G protein beta3 (GNB3) polymorphism and functional dyspepsia (FD) has been suggested. (bvsalud.org)
Sperm-specific1
  • Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have now identified two sperm-specific human proteins that interact with the amphipathic helix region of AKAP110. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Target proteins1
  • The PKA-cat subunits are then free to phosphorylate specific target proteins [8] . (pathwaymaps.com)
Cytoskeletal2
  • Bacillus anthracis edema toxin suppresses human macrophage phagocytosis and cytoskeletal remodeling via the protein kinase A and exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP pathways. (genes2cognition.org)
  • To further examine the role of EdTx during anthrax pathogenesis, we explored the hypothesis that EdTx treatment leads to deregulation of the cAMP-dependent PKA system, resulting in impaired cytoskeletal functions essential for MPhi activity. (genes2cognition.org)
Regulate1
  • This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (wikipedia.org)
Conformational3
  • When both binding sites on the PKA-reg subunits are occupied by cAMP , the PKA-reg subunits undergo a conformational change that lowers their affinity towards the PKA-cat subunits. (pathwaymaps.com)
  • Specifically, a framework for understanding conformational changes in the receptor upon ligand binding and associated G protein activation was provided by description of the crystal structure of the β2-adrenoceptor-Gs complex in 2011. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review focused on recent findings in the conformational dynamics of G proteins and GPCRs during activation processes. (bvsalud.org)
Adenylate1
  • It produces edema toxin (EdTx), a powerful adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in host cells. (genes2cognition.org)
Regulator2
  • A-kinase regulator runs amok to provide a paradigm shift in cAMP signaling. (upstate.edu)
  • Taken together, these data indicate that AKAP200 is a novel tissue specific posttranslational regulator of Notch, maintaining high Notch protein levels and thus promoting Notch signaling. (sdbonline.org)
20021
  • Once activated, the catalytic subunits are capable of phosphorylating a large number of protein substrates, both in vitro and in vivo (Jackson, 2002 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
Pathways1
  • Among its related pathways are Metabolism and Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA . (genecards.org)
Axoneme1
  • Previous physiological and pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that the Chlamydomonas flagellar axoneme contains a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) that regulates axonemal motility and dynein activity. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Binding3
  • Further, EdTx altered the protein levels and activity of PKA and exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), a recently identified cAMP-binding molecule. (genes2cognition.org)
  • Akap550 encodes a protein that has no known functional domains other than a coiled-coil Pka-RII binding site (Han, 1997). (sdbonline.org)
  • One of the most important targets of PKA is a cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 ( CREB1 ) [26] . (pathwaymaps.com)
Variants1
  • Induction of Cbeta splice variants and formation of novel forms of protein kinase A type II holoenzymes during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human NT2 cells. (uio.no)
Predominantly expressed1
  • Using a high content screening microscopy approach, we identified the RIIβ subunit of PKA-II to be predominantly expressed in a subgroup of sensory neurons. (biologists.org)
Regulation3
  • AKAP200 is a Drosophila melanogaster member of the "A Kinase Associated Protein" family of scaffolding proteins, known for their role in the spatial and temporal regulation of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in multiple signaling contexts. (sdbonline.org)
  • There is ample evidence that cAMP and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are involved in the regulation of sperm motility. (elsevier.com)
  • We and others have shown that the type II alpha (RIIalpha) isoform is detected exclusively in the flagellum suggesting an involvement in sperm motility regulation. (elsevier.com)
Biochemical1
  • Biochemical studies reveal that AKAP200 stabilizes endogenous Notch protein, and that it limits ubiquitination of Notch. (sdbonline.org)
Endosomes1
  • Plays a role in long term synaptic potentiation by regulating protein trafficking from the dendritic recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane and controlling both structural and functional plasticity at excitatory synapses (PubMed:25589740). (genecards.org)
Genes involved2
  • Our previous GeneChip data showed that EdTx downregulated MPhi genes involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, including protein kinase A (PKA). (genes2cognition.org)
  • Many studies have been devoted to the identification of genes involved in experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. (frontiersin.org)
Human2
  • The expression, levels and activities of PKA subunits were studied prior to and during differentiation of the human neuronal precursor cell line NTera 2 (NT2). (uio.no)
  • Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. (wikipedia.org)