Cyclic AMP
Receptors, Cyclic AMP
Cell surface proteins that bind cyclic AMP with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized cyclic AMP receptors are those of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The transcription regulator CYCLIC AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN of prokaryotes is not included nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.
Bucladesine
Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein
A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at several promoters. Cyclic AMP receptor protein was originally identified as a catabolite gene activator protein. It was subsequently shown to regulate several functions unrelated to catabolism, and to be both a negative and a positive regulator of transcription. Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins, which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
Colforsin
Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Theophylline
A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.
Adenylate Cyclase
Isoproterenol
Adenosine Monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Stimulation, Chemical
The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Prostaglandins E
(11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGE(1)); (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGE(2)); and (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGE(3)). Three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. They are considered primary in that no one is derived from another in living organisms. Originally isolated from sheep seminal fluid and vesicles, they are found in many organs and tissues and play a major role in mediating various physiological activities.
Cholera Toxin
An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
Adenosine
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Glucagon
A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)
Cells, Cultured
Rats, Inbred Strains
Protein Kinases
Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
Second Messenger Systems
Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Enzyme Activation
2-Chloroadenosine
Papaverine
An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.
Dictyostelium
Adenosine Triphosphate
Pyrrolidinones
Aminophylline
Virulence Factors, Bordetella
A set of BACTERIAL ADHESINS and TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL produced by BORDETELLA organisms that determine the pathogenesis of BORDETELLA INFECTIONS, such as WHOOPING COUGH. They include filamentous hemagglutinin; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; pertactin; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN; dermonecrotic toxin; tracheal cytotoxin; Bordetella LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; and tracheal colonization factor.
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP
Propranolol
Dinoprostone
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells and may play a role in the regulation of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. The enzyme family includes over twenty different variants that occur due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the mRNA of at least four different genes.
Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)
Liver
Guinea Pigs
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Pertussis Toxin
Transcription, Genetic
Inositol Phosphates
Carbachol
Receptors, Adrenergic
Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of G-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction.
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Cycloheximide
Histamine
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Base Sequence
Glucose
Phosphorylation
2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases
Enzyme Induction
Prostaglandins
Phosphorylases
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Cell Membrane
Dideoxyadenosine
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.
Rabbits
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Receptors, Purinergic
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Parathyroid Hormone
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
Inosine Triphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3
A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme and through phosphorylation by regulatory kinases such as PROTEIN KINASE A and PROTEIN KINASE B. The two members of this family are referred to as type 3A, and type 3B, and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing.
Dactinomycin
A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
Calcimycin
An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.
Receptors, Purinergic P1
Receptors, Histamine H2
A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Histamine H2 receptors act via G-proteins to stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are gastric acid secretion, smooth muscle relaxation, inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart muscle, and inhibition of lymphocyte function. (From Biochem Soc Trans 1992 Feb;20(1):122-5)
Vasopressins
Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.
Phosphatidylinositols
Binding Sites
Secretin
Mutation
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
Gene Expression Regulation
Butyrates
Magnesium
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Muscle, Smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Histamine Antagonists
Cattle
Isoquinolines
GTP-Binding Proteins
Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.
Thyroid Gland
A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.
Lipid Mobilization
LIPOLYSIS of stored LIPIDS in the ADIPOSE TISSUE to release FREE FATTY ACIDS. Mobilization of stored lipids is under the regulation of lipolytic signals (CATECHOLAMINES) or anti-lipolytic signals (INSULIN) via their actions on the hormone-sensitive LIPASE. This concept does not include lipid transport.
Isoenzymes
Cytosol
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1
A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily. The three members of this family are referred to as type 1A, type 1B, and type 1C and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition, multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing. Although the type 1 enzymes are classified as 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17), some members of this class have additional specificity for CYCLIC GMP.
Thyrotropin
A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Myxomycetes
Trachea
Adrenal Cortex
The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN.
Cricetinae
Intestinal Secretions
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Guanosine Triphosphate
Colchicine
Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists
rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins
Adenylate Kinase
Rats, Wistar
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Amino Acid Sequence
Depression, Chemical
The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Iloprost
An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.
Fructose-Bisphosphatase
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Protein Binding
Indomethacin
Muscle Contraction
Biological Transport
Myocardium
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Trifluoperazine
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases
Octopamine
An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.
5'-Nucleotidase
Adrenal Glands
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Tyrosine Transaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-TYROSINE and 2-oxoglutarate to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and L-GLUTAMATE. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein. L-PHENYLALANINE is hydroxylated to L-tyrosine. The mitochondrial enzyme may be identical with ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES (EC 2.6.1.1.). Deficiency of this enzyme may cause type II Tyrosinemia (see TYROSINEMIAS). EC 2.6.1.5.
The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (1/18083)
The extracellular receptor stimulated kinase ERK2 (p42(MAPK))-phosphorylated human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 at Ser579 and profoundly reduced ( approximately 75%) its activity. These effects could be reversed by the action of protein phosphatase PP1. The inhibitory state of PDE4D3, engendered by ERK2 phosphorylation, was mimicked by the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3. In COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3, challenge with epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused the phosphorylation and inhibition of PDE4D3. This effect was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and was not apparent using the Ser579-->Ala mutant form of PDE4D3. Challenge of HEK293 and F442A cells with EGF led to the PD98059-ablatable inhibition of endogenous PDE4D3 and PDE4D5 activities. EGF challenge of COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3 increased cAMP levels through a process ablated by PD98059. The activity of the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3 was increased by PKA phosphorylation. The transient form of the EGF-induced inhibition of PDE4D3 is thus suggested to be due to feedback regulation by PKA causing the ablation of the ERK2-induced inhibition of PDE4D3. We identify a novel means of cross-talk between the cAMP and ERK signalling pathways whereby cell stimuli that lead to ERK2 activation may modulate cAMP signalling. (+info)The paired-domain transcription factor Pax8 binds to the upstream enhancer of the rat sodium/iodide symporter gene and participates in both thyroid-specific and cyclic-AMP-dependent transcription. (2/18083)
The gene encoding the Na/I symporter (NIS) is expressed at high levels only in thyroid follicular cells, where its expression is regulated by the thyroid-stimulating hormone via the second messenger, cyclic AMP (cAMP). In this study, we demonstrate the presence of an enhancer that is located between nucleotides -2264 and -2495 in the 5'-flanking region of the NIS gene and that recapitulates the most relevant aspects of NIS regulation. When fused to either its own or a heterologous promoter, the NIS upstream enhancer, which we call NUE, stimulates transcription in a thyroid-specific and cAMP-dependent manner. The activity of NUE depends on the four most relevant sites, identified by mutational analysis. The thyroid-specific transcription factor Pax8 binds at two of these sites. Mutations that interfere with Pax8 binding also decrease transcriptional activity of the NUE. Furthermore, expression of Pax8 in nonthyroid cells results in transcriptional activation of NUE, strongly suggesting that the paired-domain protein Pax8 plays an important role in NUE activity. The NUE responds to cAMP in both protein kinase A-dependent and -independent manners, indicating that this enhancer could represent a novel type of cAMP responsive element. Such a cAMP response requires Pax8 but also depends on the integrity of a cAMP responsive element (CRE)-like sequence, thus suggesting a functional interaction between Pax8 and factors binding at the CRE-like site. (+info)Identification of a cAMP response element within the glucose- 6-phosphatase hydrolytic subunit gene promoter which is involved in the transcriptional regulation by cAMP and glucocorticoids in H4IIE hepatoma cells. (3/18083)
The expression of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the human glucose 6-phosphatase gene promoter was stimulated by both dexamethasone and dibutyryl cAMP in H4IIE hepatoma cells. A cis-active element located between nucleotides -161 and -152 in the glucose 6-phosphatase gene promoter was identified and found to be necessary for both basal reporter-gene expression and induction of expression by both dibutyryl cAMP and dexamethasone. Nucleotides -161 to -152 were functionally replaced by the consensus sequence for a cAMP response element. An antibody against the cAMP response element-binding protein caused a supershift in gel-electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays using an oligonucleotide probe representing the glucose 6-phosphatase gene promoter from nucleotides -161 to -152. These results strongly indicate that in H4IIE cells the glucose 6-phosphatase gene-promoter sequence from -161 to -152 is a cAMP response element which is important for the regulation of transcription of the glucose 6-phosphatase gene by both cAMP and glucocorticoids. (+info)PrKX is a novel catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulated by the regulatory subunit type I. (4/18083)
The human X chromosome-encoded protein kinase X (PrKX) belongs to the family of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. The catalytically active recombinant enzyme expressed in COS cells phosphorylates the heptapeptide Kemptide (LRRASLG) with a specific activity of 1.5 micromol/(min.mg). Using surface plasmon resonance, high affinity interactions were demonstrated with the regulatory subunit type I (RIalpha) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (KD = 10 nM) and the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor (KD = 15 nM), but not with the type II regulatory subunit (RIIalpha, KD = 2.3 microM) under physiological conditions. Kemptide and autophosphorylation activities of PrKX are strongly inhibited by the RIalpha subunit and by protein kinase inhibitor in vitro, but only weakly by the RIIalpha subunit. The inhibition by the RIalpha subunit is reversed by addition of nanomolar concentrations of cAMP (Ka = 40 nM), thus demonstrating that PrKX is a novel, type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase that is activated at lower cAMP concentrations than the holoenzyme with the Calpha subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Microinjection data clearly indicate that the type I R subunit but not type II binds to PrKX in vivo, preventing the translocation of PrKX to the nucleus in the absence of cAMP. The RIIalpha subunit is an excellent substrate for PrKX and is phosphorylated in vitro in a cAMP-independent manner. We discuss how PrKX can modulate the cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway by preferential binding to the RIalpha subunit and by phosphorylating the RIIalpha subunit in the absence of cAMP. (+info)A2B adenosine and P2Y2 receptors stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. cross-talk between cyclic AMP and protein kinase c pathways. (5/18083)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades underlie long-term mitogenic, morphogenic, and secretory activities of purinergic receptors. In HEK-293 cells, N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) activates endogenous A2BARs that signal through Gs and Gq/11. UTP activates P2Y2 receptors and signals only through Gq/11. The MAPK isoforms, extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), are activated by NECA and UTP. H-89 blocks ERK activation by forskolin, but weakly affects the response to NECA or UTP. ERK activation by NECA or UTP is unaffected by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein), attenuated by a phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122), and is abolished by a MEK inhibitor (PD098059) or dominant negative Ras. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by GF 109203X failed to block ERK activation by NECA or UTP, however, another PKC inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, which unlike GF 109203X, can block the zeta-isoform, and prevents UTP- but not NECA-induced ERK activation. In the presence of forskolin, Ro 31-8220 loses its ability to block UTP-stimulated ERK activation. PKA has opposing effects on B-Raf and c-Raf-1, both of which are found in HEK-293 cells. The data are explained by a model in which ERK activity is modulated by differential effects of PKC zeta and PKA on Raf isoforms. (+info)CRE-mediated gene transcription in neocortical neuronal plasticity during the developmental critical period. (6/18083)
Neuronal activity-dependent processes are believed to mediate the formation of synaptic connections during neocortical development, but the underlying intracellular mechanisms are not known. In the visual system, altering the pattern of visually driven neuronal activity by monocular deprivation induces cortical synaptic rearrangement during a postnatal developmental window, the critical period. Here, using transgenic mice carrying a CRE-lacZ reporter, we demonstrate that a calcium- and cAMP-regulated signaling pathway is activated following monocular deprivation. We find that monocular deprivation leads to an induction of CRE-mediated lacZ expression in the visual cortex preceding the onset of physiologic plasticity, and this induction is dramatically downregulated following the end of the critical period. These results suggest that CRE-dependent coordinate regulation of a network of genes may control physiologic plasticity during postnatal neocortical development. (+info)Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (7/18083)
MAG is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Here, inhibition by MAG, and myelin in general, is blocked if neurons are exposed to neurotrophins before encountering the inhibitor; priming cerebellar neurons with BDNF or GDNF, but not NGF, or priming DRG neurons with any of these neurotrophins blocks inhibition by MAG/myelin. Dibutyryl cAMP also overcomes inhibition by MAG/myelin, and cAMP is elevated by neurotrophins. A PKA inhibitor present during priming abrogates the block of inhibition. Finally, if neurons are exposed to MAG/myelin and neurotrophins simultaneously, but with the Gi protein inhibitor, inhibition is blocked. We suggest that priming neurons with particular neurotrophins elevates cAMP and activates PKA, which blocks subsequent inhibition of regeneration and that priming is required because MAG/myelin activates a Gi protein, which blocks increases in cAMP. This is important for encouraging axons to regrow in vivo. (+info)Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. (8/18083)
The formation of a persistently active cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is critical for establishing long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia. The injection of bovine catalytic (C) subunits into sensory neurons is sufficient to produce protein synthesis-dependent LTF. Early in the LTF induced by serotonin (5-HT), an autonomous PKA is generated through the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis of regulatory (R) subunits. The degradation of R occurs during an early time window and appears to be a key function of proteasomes in LTF. Lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, blocks the facilitation induced by 5-HT, and this block is rescued by injecting C subunits. R is degraded through an allosteric mechanism requiring an elevation of cAMP coincident with the induction of a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase. (+info)
Cottage Country Reflections: Time for a trip to the ER ~ chest pains
Cottage Country Reflections: Canadian H1N1 Statistics: confirmed cases, hospitalisations, deaths
Community Events/Fundraisers | Wisconsin Humane Society
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
Sri Lanka: One Island Two Nations
Food Biz Startup - Quality Control
CVLT Nations Label Spotlight: DRY COUGH Records - CVLT Nation
Okiem kamery - ..:: Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny ::..
Estudio exploratorio en iberoamérica sobre procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y propuesta de evaluación en tiempos de pandemia
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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP, 3,5-cAMP) | definition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP,...
Leicester Research Archive: Studies on the mode of action of cyclic AMP in regulating the release of insulin from islets of...
Pharmacological evidence for a role for cyclic AMP signalling in Dictyostelium discoideum slug behaviour | Journal of Cell...
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Nutrient availability and the RAS/cyclic AMP pathway both induce expression of ribosomal protein genes in Saccharomyces...
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Adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-2 in airway smooth muscle: modulation by protein kinase...
Immunocytochemical expression of human muscle cell p75 neurotrophin receptor is down-regulated by cyclic adenosine 3,5...
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Antiserum against the catalytic subunit of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Reactivity towards...
Cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate-binding proteins in human ovarian cancer: correlations with clinicopathological features. ...
Apparent correlation between adenosine 3.5 Cyclic monophosphate leve by M J. Tisdale and B J. Phillips
Cyclic AMP, 3,5-cAMP | definition of cyclic AMP, 3,5-cAMP by Medical dictionary
Cyclic AMP Effectors in African Trypanosomes Revealed by Genome-Scale RNA Interference Library Screening for Resistance to the...
Role of phosphodiesterases in the shaping of sub-plasma membrane cAMP oscillations and pulsatile insulin secretion | Journal of...
cAMP-dependent regulation of proenkephalin by JunD and JunB: positive and negative effects of AP-1 proteins | PNAS
Characterization of Gene Expression During Adenosine 3:5-Cyclic Monophosphate Induced Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Human...
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Phosphodiesterase III Inhibition Increases cAMP levels and augments the infarct size limiting effect of a dpp-4 inhibitor in...
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Heterologous desensitization in neoplastic thyroid cells: Influence of the phospholipase C signal transduction system on the...
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Cyclic AMP - 1st Edition
Purchase Cyclic AMP - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780125904506, 9780323146487 ... Effects of Cyclic GMP VII. Cyclic GMP and Cyclic AMP in Urine VIII. Summary IX. Addendum Chapter 12. Cyclic AMP in Lower ... The Identification of Cyclic AMP Chapter 2. Cyclic AMP and Hormone Action. I. Introduction II. Hormones III. Receptors and ... Derivatives of Cyclic AMP III. Recent Progress Chapter 4. Formation and Metabolism of Cyclic AMP. I. Adenyl Cyclase II. ...
The Vasopressin-cyclic-AMP-aquaporin2 Axis and Renal Function
Table 2. Urine volume (UV), free water clearance (CH20), urine osmolarity (u-osm), urinary excretions of cyclic AMP (u-c-AMP) ... Urinary osmolarity (u-osm), urine volume (UV), free water clearance (CH2O), urinary excretions of cyclic-AMP (u-c-AMP) and ... The effect variables were urinary excretions of aquaporin2 (u-AQP2), cyclic-AMP (u-c-AMP), urine volume (UV), free water ... urinary excretions of cyclic AMP (u-c-AMP) and aquaporin2 (AQP2), 24 hours systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP ...
Search of: cyclic amp - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Cyclic AMP: A Second Messenger
The action of epinephrine illustrates the principles by which cyclic AMP mediates hormone action. Epinephrine is the ... Action of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP doesnt act directly on its target enzymes; for example, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen ... Instead, cyclic AMP stimulates a protein kinase cascade that ultimately leads to a cellular response. Cyclic AMP binds to ... Different G‐proteins may either stimulate or inhibit adenylate cyclase to make more or less cyclic AMP.. Figure 1. ...
Atf2 - Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Atf2 gene & protein
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2Add BLAST. 487. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). Description ... "mXBP/CRE-BP2 and c-Jun form a complex which binds to the cyclic AMP, but not to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, ... "mXBP/CRE-BP2 and c-Jun form a complex which binds to the cyclic AMP, but not to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, ... sp,P16951,ATF2_MOUSE Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Atf2 PE=1 SV=2 ...
Review Article: Cyclic AMP Sensors in Living Cells: What Signals Can They Actually Measure? | SpringerLink
Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger that transmits information to several proteins including cyclic ... Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase I: Cyclic nucleotide binding, structural changes, and release of the catalytic subunits. ... Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger that transmits information to several proteins including cyclic ... Review Article: Cyclic AMP Sensors in Living Cells: What Signals Can They Actually Measure?. *Thomas C. Rich1 & ...
Cyclic AMP represses pathological MEF2 activation by myocyte-specific hypo-phosphorylation of HDAC5. | Sigma-Aldrich
Cyclic AMP represses pathological MEF2 activation by myocyte-specific hypo-phosphorylation of HDAC5. by Tao He, Jiale Huang, ... Cyclic AMP represses pathological MEF2 activation by myocyte-specific hypo-phosphorylation of HDAC5.. Journal of molecular and ... Cyclic AMP represses pathological MEF2 activation by myocyte-specific hypo-phosphorylation of HDAC5. ... Recently, it has been shown that this process is counteracted by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling. Here, we investigated ...
CREB3L2 - Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 - Homo sapiens (Human) - CREB3L2 gene & protein
Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). ... Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2Add BLAST. 520. ... Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2. pale spear-nosed bat ... Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2. pale spear-nosed bat ...
Studies on cyclic AMP in different compartments of cerebrospinal fluid. | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Adenosine 3, 5-monophosphate (cAMP) was measured in the CSF of 42 patients undergoing radiological investigation, neurosurgical procedures, or investigation of hepatic coma. The concentration of cAMP was significantly higher in ventricular CSF than in lumbar CSF. Premedication with pentobarbitone plus promethazine increased cAMP in lumbar CSF. There was no difference in cAMP concentration in lumbar CSF obtained before or after injection of air or after the administration of diazepam during lumbar pneumoencephalography. Lumbar CSF cAMP concentration was significantly increased in patients in hepatic coma. The concentration of cAMP in the lateral ventricle was not affected by general anaesthesia or by the presence of a complete block of the aqueduct of Sylvius. There was no decrease in lumbar CSF cAMP in patients with a complete stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, partial blocks of CSF flow at the cervical level, or a complete block at the lower thoracic level. The concentration of cisternal ...
HLA-A2 antigen phosphorylation in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Sites of phosphorylation and segmentation in...
The heavy chain of the HLA-A2 antigen is phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase at two serine residues of the ... The heavy chain of the HLA-A2 antigen is phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase at two serine residues of the ... HLA-A2 antigen phosphorylation in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Sites of phosphorylation and segmentation in ... contains the proper arrangement of amino acids for recognition and phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP- ...
John Bonner - Scientist - Discovery of cyclic AMP creates a stir - Web of Stories
John Bonner talks about how cyclic AMP was shown to be an amoeba attractant ... is it really cyclic AMP that it makes? And is the enzyme which destroys acrasin and acrasinase? Does it destroy cyclic AMP, and ... And it really, I mean, I dont know how many papers have been published on slime molds cyclic AMP since then. Its just a ... And it was an interesting period for me because I was invited suddenly to medical schools because cyclic AMP had been a very ...
The pineal adrenergic----cyclic GMP response develops two weeks after the adrenergic----cyclic AMP response - PubMed
Stimulation of the adult gland with norepinephrine elevates both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP production, through remarkably ... The pineal adrenergic----cyclic GMP response develops two weeks after the adrenergic----cyclic AMP response J L Weller 1 , D C ... The pineal adrenergic----cyclic GMP response develops two weeks after the adrenergic----cyclic AMP response J L Weller et al. ... As described here, however, the adrenergic stimulation of cyclic GMP is first detectable about 2 weeks after the cyclic AMP ...
CYCLIC AMP PROMOTES PRE-ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATES p42 AND p44 MAP KINASES IN 3T3-F442A CELLS | Biochemical...
Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one...
Using the attenuation of the cyclic AMP accumulation as a functional assay, the affinities of various antagonists for the alpha ... Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one ... Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one ... Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one ...
The Role of Cyclic AMP in the Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism | Semantic Scholar
Since cyclic AMP is involved in the release as well as several of the actions of insulin, the possible role of cyclic AMP in ... but there is also evidence that the cyclic AMP mechanism may be defective. At another level, the role of cyclic AMP is more ... and may also antagonize the action of cyclic AMP in muscle. Cyclic AMP is thus seen to mediate the actions of several catabolic ... Another role of cyclic AMP is to enhance or promote the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. Insulin then travels to ...
Moderate loss of function of cyclic-AMP-modulated KCNQ2/KCNQ3 K+ channels causes epilepsy - PubMed
Moderate loss of function of cyclic-AMP-modulated KCNQ2/KCNQ3 K+ channels causes epilepsy B C Schroeder 1 , C Kubisch, V Stein ... Moderate loss of function of cyclic-AMP-modulated KCNQ2/KCNQ3 K+ channels causes epilepsy B C Schroeder et al. Nature. 1998. . ... KCNQ2/KCNQ3 currents can be increased by intracellular cyclic AMP, an effect that depends on an intact phosphorylation site in ...
Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current...
Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ... Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ... Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ... Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ...
Protein kinase C-dependent cyclic AMP formation in airway smooth muscle: the role of type II adenylate cyclase and the blockade...
Pyne, N J and Moughal, N and Stevens, P A and Tolan, D and Pyne, S (1994) Protein kinase C-dependent cyclic AMP formation in ... Cyclic AMP formation can also be activated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), via a PKC-dependent pathway, although the ... Protein kinase C-dependent cyclic AMP formation in airway smooth muscle: the role of type II adenylate cyclase and the blockade ... Thus the PKC-stimulated cyclic AMP response can limit the activation of ERK-2 in response to bradykinin. These studies indicate ...
Pediatric Viral Myocarditis Medication: Cardiac glycosides, Diuretics, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,...
Regulation of Cox-2 by cyclic AMP response element binding protein in prostate cancer: potential role for nexrutine.
Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human gastric juice<...
Francavilla A, Pansini F, Panella C. Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human gastric ... Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human gastric juice. / Francavilla, A.; Pansini, F.; ... Dive into the research topics of Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human gastric juice ... Francavilla, A, Pansini, F & Panella, C 1976, Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human ...
Cyclic 3', 5'-AMP relay dictyostelium discoideum. V. Adaptation of the cAMP signaling response during cAMP stimulation |...
Cyclic 3, 5-AMP relay dictyostelium discoideum. V. Adaptation of the cAMP signaling response during cAMP stimulation M ... Cyclic 3, 5-AMP relay in dictyostelium discoideum. IV. Recovery of the cAMP signaling response after adaptation to cAMP ... Cyclic 3,5-AMP relay in Dictyostelium discoideum III. The relationship of cAMP synthesis and secretion during the cAMP ... Cyclic 3,5 AMP relay in Dictyostelium discoideum. I. A technique to monitor responses to controlled stimuli. ...
Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1) - Cusabio
Purchase Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1). It is produced in E.coli. High purity. Good ... Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1). Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element- ... Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1) ( Yeast-CSB-YP005947HU Baculovirus-CSB-BP005947HU ... Results suggest that low nuclear cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (pCREB) expression in the primary lesion is ...
Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein | Profiles RNS
Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP ... A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at several promoters. Cyclic AMP ... "Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein" was a major or minor ... "Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ...
3',5'-cyclic AMP | NIH 3D Print Exchange
Mutations in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli - PubMed
Mutants in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli have been constructed by ... Mutations in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli A M Gronenborn 1 , R Sandulache ... Mutations in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli A M Gronenborn et al. Biochem J ... Mutants in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli have been constructed by ...
Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP<...
Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP. Marc G. Weisskopf, Pablo E. Castillo, Robert A. ... Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP. / Weisskopf, Marc G.; Castillo, Pablo E.; Zalutsky, ... Dive into the research topics of Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP. Together they ... title = "Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP", ...
Inhibition of T Cell Activation by Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Requires Lipid Raft Targeting of Protein Kinase A Type I...
Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA)6 mediate intracellular signals from a wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, growth ... Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein. EMBO J. 16: 35-43. ... Inhibition of T Cell Activation by Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Requires Lipid Raft Targeting of Protein Kinase A Type I ... Inhibition of T Cell Activation by Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Requires Lipid Raft Targeting of Protein Kinase A Type I ...
Phosphodiesterase5
- Cyclic AMP elevation by phosphodiesterase blockade restored the male Nf1+/- microglia defects in P2Y-dependent membrane currents and process motility. (mdc-berlin.de)
- MCI-154 inhibited the activity of a crude phosphodiesterase (PDE) from the canine ventricular muscle and it enhanced the PIE of isoproterenol, which implied the involvement of cyclic AMP. (aspetjournals.org)
- Cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) enzymes degrade cAMP and underpin the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling through their targeting to particular protein complexes and intracellular locales. (strath.ac.uk)
- Whereas chronic cadmium treatment failed to alter adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (phosphodiesterase) activity, the endogenous levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and the activity of basal- and fluoride-stimulated forms of hepatic adenylate cyclase (AC) were markedly increased in cadmium-injected animals. (aku.edu)
- 8. Sudo T, Tachibana K, Toga K, Tochizawa S, Inoue Y, Kimura Y, Hidaka H. (2000) Potent effects of novel anti-platelet aggregatory cilostamide analogues on recombinant cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme activity. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Nucleotides7
- British Library EThOS: The importance of cyclic nucleotides (cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP) in the development of malignant disease. (bl.uk)
- Specificity This antibody reacts with cyclic AMP and to lesser degrees with other 5' nucleotides. (qedbio.com)
- Although different cyclic nucleotides can bind to CRP with almost equal affinity, only in the presence of cAMP could wild-type CRP bind to specific DNA sequences. (utmb.edu)
- Thus, these mutants might aid in identifying the structural elements that are involved in the modulation of CRP to correctly differentiate the messages embedded in cyclic nucleotides. (utmb.edu)
- In this in vitro study, five CRP* mutants, namely, D53H, S62F, G141Q, G141K, and L148R, were tested for their abilities to bind the lac promoter sequence and the effects of cyclic nucleotides in modulating DNA sequence recognition. (utmb.edu)
- Thus, residues in CRP outside of the cyclic nucleotide binding site modulate the ability of CRP to differentiate these three cyclic nucleotides through long-range communication. (utmb.edu)
- Localization of beta adrenergic receptors, and effects of noradrenaline and cyclic nucleotides on action potentials, ionic currents and tension in mammalian cardiac muscle. (wikidata.org)
Intracellular cyclic2
- Mechanistically, cholera toxin increases intracellular cyclic AMP, which subsequently activates protein kinase A and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator chloride channel (CFTR). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- To characterize the function of cyaB, a deletion mutant was constructed, and the mutant showed decreased level of intracellular cyclic AMP compared to that of wild-type. (elsevier.com)
Binding protein2
- Salicylic acid and aspirin inhibit the activity of RSK2 kinase and repress RSK2-dependent transcription of cyclic AMP response element binding protein- and NF-kappa B-responsive genes. (drugbank.com)
- Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) plays an important role in cognitive functions. (frontiersin.org)
Monophosphate9
- Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key regulator of Dictyostelium discoideum development ( Loomis, 2014 ). (biologists.com)
- A radioisotopic method for measuring the formation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in incubated slices of brain. (wikidata.org)
- The effect of benzo( a )pyrene on the accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in mouse skin in response to isoproterenol has been measured. (aacrjournals.org)
- COCs expanded in vitro with FSH or EGF underwent the same changes, whereas those expanded with 8-bromo-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) maintained integrity for a longer time. (torvergata.it)
- Under the action of 1 mM of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) the survival and rate of reproduction of culture cells of the Chinese hamster decreased, in comparison with the control group, to 27 and 42%, respectively. (umn.edu)
- Polunovsky, VA 1975, ' Protective effect of thymidine against the cytostatic action of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate in the cell cultures of mammals (Russian) ', Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny , vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 93-95. (umn.edu)
- The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway has been shown to play an essential role in memory and cognitive abilities ( Kandel, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
- The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including salmeterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3,5 -adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). (pediatriconcall.com)
- As the first-of-its-kind platform, the Microbubble-assisted UltraSound-guided Immunotherapy of Cancer (MUSIC) approach employs nanocomplexes combined with microbubbles to effectively deliver cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), an immunotransmitter involved in anticancer immunity, into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mdanderson.org)
Receptors1
- Among these receptors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has been identified as a major and universal cytosolic DNA sensor that is independent of specificity of DNA sequence and/or cell type. (phys.org)
Inhibition3
- Zinc reverses the effect of cyclic AMP inhibition of NHE3 activity. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. (pediatriconcall.com)
- In the mid-1990s, researchers found that Fasoracetam reverses the inhibition of cyclic AMP formation produced by the GABA-B agonist, Baclofen. (newmind.com)
Synthase4
- Xinyue Tao et al, Ku proteins promote DNA binding and condensation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, Cell Reports (2022). (phys.org)
- Dysfunctional telomeres trigger cellular senescence mediated by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. (bvsalud.org)
- We found that this phenomenon is caused not by telomere shortening , but by cyclic GMP -AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizing cytosolic chromatin fragments and then activating the stimulator of interferon genes ( STING ) cytosolic DNA -sensing pathway and downstream interferon signaling. (bvsalud.org)
- Inside the APCs, the microbubbles release cGAMP to activate the GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which stimulates type I interferon responses that are essential for priming tumor-specific T cells. (mdanderson.org)
CGAS2
- Activated cGAS catalyzes the synthesis of the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP. (phys.org)
- Natural agonists, such as cyclic dinucleotides, activate the cGAS-STING pathway, but concerns over poor cytosolic entry, serum stability and systemic toxicity have been major limitations for clinical translation. (mdanderson.org)
Protein kinase5
- Mast cell mediator release as a function of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation. (rupress.org)
- Stereo-specific perturbation of the IgE-receptor (shown in previous studies) produces a monophasic rise in cyclic AMP that peaks at 15 s and a depletion of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase that plateaus at 30-60 s. (rupress.org)
- The role of cyclic AMP as a second messenger in this sequence is now apparent from the linear relationship between net percent mediator release and net percent activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzyme when IgE-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase is suppressed by incremental quantities of DDA. (rupress.org)
- There was a comparable percent activation of both types I and II mast cell cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes with anti-IgE-induced activation and secretion, and there was a parallel suppression of the activation of both isoenzymes in the presence of DDA. (rupress.org)
- Although these studies firmly link the activation of cytoplasmic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to the IgE receptor-initiated transmembrane activation of adenylate cyclase. (rupress.org)
Pathway1
- Here we report that the cyclic AMP signal pathway modulates the dependency of Cln cyclins on growth. (elsevier.com)
Potassium1
- It has been shown that zinc acts as an intestinal epithelial cell basolateral potassium channel blocker of cyclic AMP-mediated chloride secretion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Genes3
- Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is a global transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of many different genes. (utmb.edu)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Cyclic AMP control of the envelope growth in Escherichia coli: envelope morphology of the mutants in cya and crp genes. (who.int)
- Genetic association of cyclic AMP signaling genes with bipolar disorder. (cdc.gov)
Secretion2
- The previously observed linear relationship between the attenuation in the monophasic rise in cyclic AMP and the quantity of mediator release in the presence of incremental concentrations of the adenosine analogue 2',5',-dideoxyadenosine, DDA, which is known to inhibit adenylate cyclase, indicated a direct relationship between receptor perturbation, transmembrane activation of adenylate cyclase, and granule secretion. (rupress.org)
- Cyclic AMP promotes cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) by stimulating cell proliferation and fluid secretion. (ewha.ac.kr)
Dinucleotides1
- Since the discovery of c-di-GMP almost three decades ago, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have emerged as widely used signaling molecules in most kingdoms of life. (nature.com)
CGAMP1
- The family of second messengers now includes c-di-AMP and distinct versions of mixed cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) compounds. (nature.com)
Basal3
- ARPP-21 is a cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 21 kDa that is enriched in the cell bodies and terminals of medium-sized spiny neurons in the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
- Topical application of benzo( a )pyrene caused a rise in the basal levels of cyclic AMP and a decreased response to isoproterenol, either injected i.p. or added to a salts medium containing skin pieces. (aacrjournals.org)
- Acetic acid application did not increase the basal levels of cyclic AMP. (aacrjournals.org)
Synthesis4
- Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid. (nature.com)
- In the concentrations under study the cystostatic action of exogenous cAMP on the cells of mammals served as the sequence of splitting to 5' AMP in the culture medium and was realized by blocking one of the stages of TMP synthesis. (umn.edu)
- Not only is eurycoma apparent in increasing the activity of steroidogenic enzymes but an increase in cyclic AMP, which has a favorable effect on steroid synthesis has been shown. (criticalbench.com)
- A beta-lactam is a cyclic amide that inhibits cell wall synthesis of bacteria, and the resistance from MRSA comes from its production of beta lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down beta-lactams. (quintessay.com)
Hepatic1
- Response of hepatic carbohydrate and cyclic AMP metabolism to cadmium " by Zul Merali, S. Kacew et al. (aku.edu)
Adrenaline2
- Cyclic AMP mediates the effects of adrenaline on cardiac purkinje fibres. (wikidata.org)
- 300mg of Natural Caffeine-Green Coffee Beans (SUSTAINABLE ENERGY) Potent central nervous system stimulant, increases the release of adrenaline and extends the life of cyclic AMP. (patriotsupplements.com)
Signal transduction1
- This is why cells make use of second messengers (such as cyclic AMP) to relay and amplify the intracellular signals The signal transduction steps involve adding or removing the phosphate group that results in protein activation. (inspiritvr.com)
Isoproterenol1
- A similar decrease in the isoproterenol stimulation of cyclic AMP occurred after application of croton oil or acetic acid to mouse skin, indicating that the effect was not specific for carcinogens. (aacrjournals.org)
MeSH1
- Cyclic AMP" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
Elevation1
- These results suggest that the elevation of cyclic AMP levels is only partially involved in the PIE of MCI-154 in the canine right ventricular muscle, and that MCI-154 may have novel mechanisms of action different from those of amrinone, milrinone and CI-914 that are largely cyclic AMP-dependent. (aspetjournals.org)
Regulation2
- These defects resulted from Nf1+/- male-specific defects in cyclic AMP regulation, rather than from changes in purinergic receptor expression. (mdc-berlin.de)
- The receptor is generally considered to be coupled to the GI, INHIBITORY G-PROTEIN which causes down regulation of CYCLIC AMP. (reference.md)
Cells2
- In addition, gel mobility assay showed that exposure of the cells to GHB also increased nuclear DNA-binding activity specific for the cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcriptional element in a concentration-dependent manner. (erowid.org)
- Using molecular biology tools and an in vitro fluid shear model, we report that shear stress upregulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release, which in turn promotes the invasion of chondrosarcoma cells via the induction of MMP-1 in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. (elsevier.com)
Subunit1
- The human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (hHCN1) subunit was heterologously expressed in mammalian cell lines (CV-1 and CHO) and its properties investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. (nih.gov)
CAMP1
- Forskolin is thought to work by stimulating the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is a molecule that has been shown to promote hair growth. (herbal-treatments.net)
Levels5
- p-OH-amphetamine 8 mg/kg increased c AMP levels in Cortex but had no action in diencephalon. (erowid.org)
- MCI-154 increased the cyclic AMP levels only at 3 X 10(-4) M, whereas CI-914, of which chemical structure is similar to that of MCI-154, elevated definitely the cyclic AMP at the lower concentrations (10(-5) to 10(-4) M). Carbachol at a concentration known to decrease markedly the PIE of amrinone, milrinone and papaverine, did not affect the PIE of MCI-154. (aspetjournals.org)
- In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries and emerging themes that illustrate the ubiquity and versatility of cyclic dinucleotide function at the transcriptional and post-translational levels and, in particular, on insights gained through mechanistic structure-function analyses. (nature.com)
- Hickman, J.W., Tifrea, D.F. & Harwood, C.S. A chemosensory system that regulates biofilm formation through modulation of cyclic diguanylate levels. (nature.com)
- The characteristic diurnal fluctuation in epidermal cyclic AMP levels present in untreated mice was not observed after benzo( a )pyrene treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
Dopamine2
- Because dopamine is thought to stimulate the production of cyclic AMP in the brain, we hypothesized that CSF cyclic AMP would be increased in schizophrenia. (mssm.edu)
- Two intracellular signaling pathways for the dopamine D3 receptor: opposite and synergistic interactions with cyclic AMP. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanisms1
- Does the positive inotropic action of a novel cardiotonic agent, MCI-154, involve mechanisms other than cyclic AMP? (aspetjournals.org)