Cyclic amp. Medical search

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Cell surface proteins that bind cyclic AMP with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized cyclic AMP receptors are those of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The transcription regulator CYCLIC AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN of prokaryotes is not included nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at several promoters. Cyclic AMP receptor protein was originally identified as a catabolite gene activator protein. It was subsequently shown to regulate several functions unrelated to catabolism, and to be both a negative and a positive regulator of transcription. Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins, which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.

A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP. EC 3.5.4.6.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with antidepressant properties.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

(11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGE(1)); (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGE(2)); and (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGE(3)). Three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. They are considered primary in that no one is derived from another in living organisms. Originally isolated from sheep seminal fluid and vesicles, they are found in many organs and tissues and play a major role in mediating various physiological activities.

An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)

Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.

One of the virulence factors produced by virulent BORDETELLA organisms. It is a bifunctional protein with both ADENYLYL CYCLASES and hemolysin components.

Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

N-Isopropyl-N-phenyl-adenosine. Antilipemic agent. Synonym: TH 162.

2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.

Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of oxo-pyrrolidines. A member of this group is 2-oxo pyrrolidine, which is an intermediate in the manufacture of polyvinylpyrrolidone. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.

A set of BACTERIAL ADHESINS and TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL produced by BORDETELLA organisms that determine the pathogenesis of BORDETELLA INFECTIONS, such as WHOOPING COUGH. They include filamentous hemagglutinin; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; pertactin; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN; dermonecrotic toxin; tracheal cytotoxin; Bordetella LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; and tracheal colonization factor.

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.

Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells and may play a role in the regulation of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. The enzyme family includes over twenty different variants that occur due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the mRNA of at least four different genes.

Cyclic AMP response element modulator is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is regulated by CYCLIC AMP. It plays an important role in SPERMATID development in the mammalian TESTIS.

A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).

A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

One of the virulence factors produced by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS. It is a multimeric protein composed of five subunits S1 - S5. S1 contains mono ADPribose transferase activity.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of G-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Twenty-carbon compounds derived from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphate nucleotidohydrolase. Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the 2'- or 3'- phosphate bonds of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. Also hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates. Includes EC 3.1.4.16 and EC 3.1.4.37. EC 3.1.4.-.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.

A class of glucosyltransferases that catalyzes the degradation of storage polysaccharides, such as glucose polymers, by phosphorolysis in animals (GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE) and in plants (STARCH PHOSPHORYLASE).

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Cell surface proteins that bind PURINES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized classes of purinergic receptors in mammals are the P1 receptors, which prefer ADENOSINE, and the P2 receptors, which prefer ATP or ADP.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme and through phosphorylation by regulatory kinases such as PROTEIN KINASE A and PROTEIN KINASE B. The two members of this family are referred to as type 3A, and type 3B, and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing.

A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

Catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleotides with the elimination of ammonia.

A class of cell surface receptors that prefer ADENOSINE to other endogenous PURINES. Purinergic P1 receptors are widespread in the body including the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and nervous systems. There are at least two pharmacologically distinguishable types (A1 and A2, or Ri and Ra).

A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Histamine H2 receptors act via G-proteins to stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are gastric acid secretion, smooth muscle relaxation, inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart muscle, and inhibition of lymphocyte function. (From Biochem Soc Trans 1992 Feb;20(1):122-5)

Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.

A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. Classical antihistaminics block the histamine H1 receptors only.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.

A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.

LIPOLYSIS of stored LIPIDS in the ADIPOSE TISSUE to release FREE FATTY ACIDS. Mobilization of stored lipids is under the regulation of lipolytic signals (CATECHOLAMINES) or anti-lipolytic signals (INSULIN) via their actions on the hormone-sensitive LIPASE. This concept does not include lipid transport.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.

A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily. The three members of this family are referred to as type 1A, type 1B, and type 1C and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition, multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing. Although the type 1 enzymes are classified as 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17), some members of this class have additional specificity for CYCLIC GMP.

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

A division of organisms that exist vegetatively as complex mobile plasmodia, reproduce by means of spores, and have complex life cycles. They are now classed as protozoa but formerly were considered fungi.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Fluids originating from the epithelial lining of the intestines, adjoining exocrine glands and from organs such as the liver, which empty into the cavity of the intestines.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

A genetically related subfamily of RAP GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that share homology with RAS PROTEINS. They bind to Ras effectors but do not activate them, therefore they may antagonize the effects of RAS PROTEINS. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. EC 2.7.4.3.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and water to D-fructose 6-phosphate and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.11.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate.

An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.

A glycoprotein enzyme present in various organs and in many cells. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a 5'-ribonucleotide to a ribonucleoside and orthophosphate in the presence of water. It is cation-dependent and exists in a membrane-bound and soluble form. EC 3.1.3.5.

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-TYROSINE and 2-oxoglutarate to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and L-GLUTAMATE. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein. L-PHENYLALANINE is hydroxylated to L-tyrosine. The mitochondrial enzyme may be identical with ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES (EC 2.6.1.1.). Deficiency of this enzyme may cause type II Tyrosinemia (see TYROSINEMIAS). EC 2.6.1.5.

Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They show pressor activity, are mediators of inflammation, and have potential antithrombotic effects.

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (1/18083)

The extracellular receptor stimulated kinase ERK2 (p42(MAPK))-phosphorylated human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 at Ser579 and profoundly reduced ( approximately 75%) its activity. These effects could be reversed by the action of protein phosphatase PP1. The inhibitory state of PDE4D3, engendered by ERK2 phosphorylation, was mimicked by the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3. In COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3, challenge with epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused the phosphorylation and inhibition of PDE4D3. This effect was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and was not apparent using the Ser579-->Ala mutant form of PDE4D3. Challenge of HEK293 and F442A cells with EGF led to the PD98059-ablatable inhibition of endogenous PDE4D3 and PDE4D5 activities. EGF challenge of COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3 increased cAMP levels through a process ablated by PD98059. The activity of the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3 was increased by PKA phosphorylation. The transient form of the EGF-induced inhibition of PDE4D3 is thus suggested to be due to feedback regulation by PKA causing the ablation of the ERK2-induced inhibition of PDE4D3. We identify a novel means of cross-talk between the cAMP and ERK signalling pathways whereby cell stimuli that lead to ERK2 activation may modulate cAMP signalling. (+info)

The paired-domain transcription factor Pax8 binds to the upstream enhancer of the rat sodium/iodide symporter gene and participates in both thyroid-specific and cyclic-AMP-dependent transcription. (2/18083)

The gene encoding the Na/I symporter (NIS) is expressed at high levels only in thyroid follicular cells, where its expression is regulated by the thyroid-stimulating hormone via the second messenger, cyclic AMP (cAMP). In this study, we demonstrate the presence of an enhancer that is located between nucleotides -2264 and -2495 in the 5'-flanking region of the NIS gene and that recapitulates the most relevant aspects of NIS regulation. When fused to either its own or a heterologous promoter, the NIS upstream enhancer, which we call NUE, stimulates transcription in a thyroid-specific and cAMP-dependent manner. The activity of NUE depends on the four most relevant sites, identified by mutational analysis. The thyroid-specific transcription factor Pax8 binds at two of these sites. Mutations that interfere with Pax8 binding also decrease transcriptional activity of the NUE. Furthermore, expression of Pax8 in nonthyroid cells results in transcriptional activation of NUE, strongly suggesting that the paired-domain protein Pax8 plays an important role in NUE activity. The NUE responds to cAMP in both protein kinase A-dependent and -independent manners, indicating that this enhancer could represent a novel type of cAMP responsive element. Such a cAMP response requires Pax8 but also depends on the integrity of a cAMP responsive element (CRE)-like sequence, thus suggesting a functional interaction between Pax8 and factors binding at the CRE-like site. (+info)

Identification of a cAMP response element within the glucose- 6-phosphatase hydrolytic subunit gene promoter which is involved in the transcriptional regulation by cAMP and glucocorticoids in H4IIE hepatoma cells. (3/18083)

The expression of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the human glucose 6-phosphatase gene promoter was stimulated by both dexamethasone and dibutyryl cAMP in H4IIE hepatoma cells. A cis-active element located between nucleotides -161 and -152 in the glucose 6-phosphatase gene promoter was identified and found to be necessary for both basal reporter-gene expression and induction of expression by both dibutyryl cAMP and dexamethasone. Nucleotides -161 to -152 were functionally replaced by the consensus sequence for a cAMP response element. An antibody against the cAMP response element-binding protein caused a supershift in gel-electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays using an oligonucleotide probe representing the glucose 6-phosphatase gene promoter from nucleotides -161 to -152. These results strongly indicate that in H4IIE cells the glucose 6-phosphatase gene-promoter sequence from -161 to -152 is a cAMP response element which is important for the regulation of transcription of the glucose 6-phosphatase gene by both cAMP and glucocorticoids. (+info)

PrKX is a novel catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulated by the regulatory subunit type I. (4/18083)

The human X chromosome-encoded protein kinase X (PrKX) belongs to the family of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. The catalytically active recombinant enzyme expressed in COS cells phosphorylates the heptapeptide Kemptide (LRRASLG) with a specific activity of 1.5 micromol/(min.mg). Using surface plasmon resonance, high affinity interactions were demonstrated with the regulatory subunit type I (RIalpha) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (KD = 10 nM) and the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor (KD = 15 nM), but not with the type II regulatory subunit (RIIalpha, KD = 2.3 microM) under physiological conditions. Kemptide and autophosphorylation activities of PrKX are strongly inhibited by the RIalpha subunit and by protein kinase inhibitor in vitro, but only weakly by the RIIalpha subunit. The inhibition by the RIalpha subunit is reversed by addition of nanomolar concentrations of cAMP (Ka = 40 nM), thus demonstrating that PrKX is a novel, type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase that is activated at lower cAMP concentrations than the holoenzyme with the Calpha subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Microinjection data clearly indicate that the type I R subunit but not type II binds to PrKX in vivo, preventing the translocation of PrKX to the nucleus in the absence of cAMP. The RIIalpha subunit is an excellent substrate for PrKX and is phosphorylated in vitro in a cAMP-independent manner. We discuss how PrKX can modulate the cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway by preferential binding to the RIalpha subunit and by phosphorylating the RIIalpha subunit in the absence of cAMP. (+info)

A2B adenosine and P2Y2 receptors stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. cross-talk between cyclic AMP and protein kinase c pathways. (5/18083)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades underlie long-term mitogenic, morphogenic, and secretory activities of purinergic receptors. In HEK-293 cells, N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) activates endogenous A2BARs that signal through Gs and Gq/11. UTP activates P2Y2 receptors and signals only through Gq/11. The MAPK isoforms, extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), are activated by NECA and UTP. H-89 blocks ERK activation by forskolin, but weakly affects the response to NECA or UTP. ERK activation by NECA or UTP is unaffected by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein), attenuated by a phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122), and is abolished by a MEK inhibitor (PD098059) or dominant negative Ras. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by GF 109203X failed to block ERK activation by NECA or UTP, however, another PKC inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, which unlike GF 109203X, can block the zeta-isoform, and prevents UTP- but not NECA-induced ERK activation. In the presence of forskolin, Ro 31-8220 loses its ability to block UTP-stimulated ERK activation. PKA has opposing effects on B-Raf and c-Raf-1, both of which are found in HEK-293 cells. The data are explained by a model in which ERK activity is modulated by differential effects of PKC zeta and PKA on Raf isoforms. (+info)

CRE-mediated gene transcription in neocortical neuronal plasticity during the developmental critical period. (6/18083)

Neuronal activity-dependent processes are believed to mediate the formation of synaptic connections during neocortical development, but the underlying intracellular mechanisms are not known. In the visual system, altering the pattern of visually driven neuronal activity by monocular deprivation induces cortical synaptic rearrangement during a postnatal developmental window, the critical period. Here, using transgenic mice carrying a CRE-lacZ reporter, we demonstrate that a calcium- and cAMP-regulated signaling pathway is activated following monocular deprivation. We find that monocular deprivation leads to an induction of CRE-mediated lacZ expression in the visual cortex preceding the onset of physiologic plasticity, and this induction is dramatically downregulated following the end of the critical period. These results suggest that CRE-dependent coordinate regulation of a network of genes may control physiologic plasticity during postnatal neocortical development. (+info)

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (7/18083)

MAG is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Here, inhibition by MAG, and myelin in general, is blocked if neurons are exposed to neurotrophins before encountering the inhibitor; priming cerebellar neurons with BDNF or GDNF, but not NGF, or priming DRG neurons with any of these neurotrophins blocks inhibition by MAG/myelin. Dibutyryl cAMP also overcomes inhibition by MAG/myelin, and cAMP is elevated by neurotrophins. A PKA inhibitor present during priming abrogates the block of inhibition. Finally, if neurons are exposed to MAG/myelin and neurotrophins simultaneously, but with the Gi protein inhibitor, inhibition is blocked. We suggest that priming neurons with particular neurotrophins elevates cAMP and activates PKA, which blocks subsequent inhibition of regeneration and that priming is required because MAG/myelin activates a Gi protein, which blocks increases in cAMP. This is important for encouraging axons to regrow in vivo. (+info)

Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. (8/18083)

The formation of a persistently active cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is critical for establishing long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia. The injection of bovine catalytic (C) subunits into sensory neurons is sufficient to produce protein synthesis-dependent LTF. Early in the LTF induced by serotonin (5-HT), an autonomous PKA is generated through the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis of regulatory (R) subunits. The degradation of R occurs during an early time window and appears to be a key function of proteasomes in LTF. Lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, blocks the facilitation induced by 5-HT, and this block is rescued by injecting C subunits. R is degraded through an allosteric mechanism requiring an elevation of cAMP coincident with the induction of a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase. (+info)

No data available that match "cyclic amp"

Purchase Cyclic AMP - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780125904506, 9780323146487 ... Effects of Cyclic GMP VII. Cyclic GMP and Cyclic AMP in Urine VIII. Summary IX. Addendum Chapter 12. Cyclic AMP in Lower ... The Identification of Cyclic AMP Chapter 2. Cyclic AMP and Hormone Action. I. Introduction II. Hormones III. Receptors and ... Derivatives of Cyclic AMP III. Recent Progress Chapter 4. Formation and Metabolism of Cyclic AMP. I. Adenyl Cyclase II. ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/cyclic-amp/robison/978-0-12-590450-6

Table 2. Urine volume (UV), free water clearance (CH20), urine osmolarity (u-osm), urinary excretions of cyclic AMP (u-c-AMP) ... Urinary osmolarity (u-osm), urine volume (UV), free water clearance (CH2O), urinary excretions of cyclic-AMP (u-c-AMP) and ... The effect variables were urinary excretions of aquaporin2 (u-AQP2), cyclic-AMP (u-c-AMP), urine volume (UV), free water ... urinary excretions of cyclic AMP (u-c-AMP) and aquaporin2 (AQP2), 24 hours systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/732548_1

34 Studies found for: cyclic amp. Also searched for Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Adenosine Monophosphate, Cycles and more. ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=cyclic+amp

The action of epinephrine illustrates the principles by which cyclic AMP mediates hormone action. Epinephrine is the ... Action of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP doesnt act directly on its target enzymes; for example, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen ... Instead, cyclic AMP stimulates a protein kinase cascade that ultimately leads to a cellular response. Cyclic AMP binds to ... Different G‐proteins may either stimulate or inhibit adenylate cyclase to make more or less cyclic AMP.. Figure 1. ...

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/biology/biochemistry-ii/integrated-metabolism/cyclic-amp-a-second-messenger

Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2Add BLAST. 487. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). Description ... "mXBP/CRE-BP2 and c-Jun form a complex which binds to the cyclic AMP, but not to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, ... "mXBP/CRE-BP2 and c-Jun form a complex which binds to the cyclic AMP, but not to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, ... sp,P16951,ATF2_MOUSE Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Atf2 PE=1 SV=2 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16951-3

Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger that transmits information to several proteins including cyclic ... Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase I: Cyclic nucleotide binding, structural changes, and release of the catalytic subunits. ... Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger that transmits information to several proteins including cyclic ... Review Article: Cyclic AMP Sensors in Living Cells: What Signals Can They Actually Measure?. *Thomas C. Rich1 & ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1114/1.1511242?error=cookies_not_supported&code=7f46c60b-36bf-4922-bc55-8e41d851f382

Cyclic AMP represses pathological MEF2 activation by myocyte-specific hypo-phosphorylation of HDAC5. by Tao He, Jiale Huang, ... Cyclic AMP represses pathological MEF2 activation by myocyte-specific hypo-phosphorylation of HDAC5.. Journal of molecular and ... Cyclic AMP represses pathological MEF2 activation by myocyte-specific hypo-phosphorylation of HDAC5. ... Recently, it has been shown that this process is counteracted by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling. Here, we investigated ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/tech-docs/paper/1428135

Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). ... Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2Add BLAST. 520. ... Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2. pale spear-nosed bat ... Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2. pale spear-nosed bat ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q70SY1

Adenosine 3, 5-monophosphate (cAMP) was measured in the CSF of 42 patients undergoing radiological investigation, neurosurgical procedures, or investigation of hepatic coma. The concentration of cAMP was significantly higher in ventricular CSF than in lumbar CSF. Premedication with pentobarbitone plus promethazine increased cAMP in lumbar CSF. There was no difference in cAMP concentration in lumbar CSF obtained before or after injection of air or after the administration of diazepam during lumbar pneumoencephalography. Lumbar CSF cAMP concentration was significantly increased in patients in hepatic coma. The concentration of cAMP in the lateral ventricle was not affected by general anaesthesia or by the presence of a complete block of the aqueduct of Sylvius. There was no decrease in lumbar CSF cAMP in patients with a complete stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, partial blocks of CSF flow at the cervical level, or a complete block at the lower thoracic level. The concentration of cisternal ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/39/12/1186

The heavy chain of the HLA-A2 antigen is phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase at two serine residues of the ... The heavy chain of the HLA-A2 antigen is phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase at two serine residues of the ... HLA-A2 antigen phosphorylation in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Sites of phosphorylation and segmentation in ... contains the proper arrangement of amino acids for recognition and phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6333425/

John Bonner talks about how cyclic AMP was shown to be an amoeba attractant ... is it really cyclic AMP that it makes? And is the enzyme which destroys acrasin and acrasinase? Does it destroy cyclic AMP, and ... And it really, I mean, I dont know how many papers have been published on slime molds cyclic AMP since then. Its just a ... And it was an interesting period for me because I was invited suddenly to medical schools because cyclic AMP had been a very ...

https://www.webofstories.com/play/john.bonner/54

Stimulation of the adult gland with norepinephrine elevates both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP production, through remarkably ... The pineal adrenergic----cyclic GMP response develops two weeks after the adrenergic----cyclic AMP response J L Weller 1 , D C ... The pineal adrenergic----cyclic GMP response develops two weeks after the adrenergic----cyclic AMP response J L Weller et al. ... As described here, however, the adrenergic stimulation of cyclic GMP is first detectable about 2 weeks after the cyclic AMP ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1325876

CYCLIC AMP PROMOTES PRE-ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATES p42 AND p44 MAP KINASES IN 3T3-F442A CELLS Stephen J Yarwood; ... Stephen J Yarwood, Elaine Kilgour, Neil G Anderson; CYCLIC AMP PROMOTES PRE-ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATES p42 AND p44 ...

https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/24/4/553S/93609/CYCLIC-AMP-PROMOTES-PRE-ADIPOCYTE-DIFFERENTIATION?redirectedFrom=PDF

Using the attenuation of the cyclic AMP accumulation as a functional assay, the affinities of various antagonists for the alpha ... Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one ... Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one ... Alpha-2A and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor subtypes: attenuation of cyclic AMP production in cell lines containing only one ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/251/2/640?ijkey=5398f7afd1e34b1d5f2f40813e6f2323893e547e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Since cyclic AMP is involved in the release as well as several of the actions of insulin, the possible role of cyclic AMP in ... but there is also evidence that the cyclic AMP mechanism may be defective. At another level, the role of cyclic AMP is more ... and may also antagonize the action of cyclic AMP in muscle. Cyclic AMP is thus seen to mediate the actions of several catabolic ... Another role of cyclic AMP is to enhance or promote the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. Insulin then travels to ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Role-of-Cyclic-AMP-in-the-Control-of-Metabolism-Sutherland-Robison/4522054079041e6b28ef2e2c9bc6c92bd9b28d11

Moderate loss of function of cyclic-AMP-modulated KCNQ2/KCNQ3 K+ channels causes epilepsy B C Schroeder 1 , C Kubisch, V Stein ... Moderate loss of function of cyclic-AMP-modulated KCNQ2/KCNQ3 K+ channels causes epilepsy B C Schroeder et al. Nature. 1998. . ... KCNQ2/KCNQ3 currents can be increased by intracellular cyclic AMP, an effect that depends on an intact phosphorylation site in ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9872318

Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ... Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ... Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ... Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/47/1/191

Pyne, N J and Moughal, N and Stevens, P A and Tolan, D and Pyne, S (1994) Protein kinase C-dependent cyclic AMP formation in ... Cyclic AMP formation can also be activated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), via a PKC-dependent pathway, although the ... Protein kinase C-dependent cyclic AMP formation in airway smooth muscle: the role of type II adenylate cyclase and the blockade ... Thus the PKC-stimulated cyclic AMP response can limit the activation of ERK-2 in response to bradykinin. These studies indicate ...

https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/34919/

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Class Summary. Inotropic effects occur through the ... inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) phosphodiesterase, which increases the cellular levels of c-AMP. The ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890740-medication

Our data also indicate that the anti-proliferative effects of Nexrutine are emediated in part by Akt and Cyclic AMP response ... Regulation of Cox-2 by cyclic AMP response element binding protein in prostate cancer: potential role for nexrutine.. ...

https://edrn.nci.nih.gov/data-and-resources/publications/18030357-regulation-of-cox-2-by-cyclic-amp-response-element-binding-protein-in-prostate-cancer-potential-role-for-nexrutine/

Francavilla A, Pansini F, Panella C. Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human gastric ... Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human gastric juice. / Francavilla, A.; Pansini, F.; ... Dive into the research topics of Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human gastric juice ... Francavilla, A, Pansini, F & Panella, C 1976, Effect of histamine and 5 methylhistamine on HCl and cyclic AMP output in human ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-histamine-and-5-methylhistamine-on-hcl-and-cyclic-amp-o

Cyclic 3, 5-AMP relay dictyostelium discoideum. V. Adaptation of the cAMP signaling response during cAMP stimulation M ... Cyclic 3, 5-AMP relay in dictyostelium discoideum. IV. Recovery of the cAMP signaling response after adaptation to cAMP ... Cyclic 3,5-AMP relay in Dictyostelium discoideum III. The relationship of cAMP synthesis and secretion during the cAMP ... Cyclic 3,5 AMP relay in Dictyostelium discoideum. I. A technique to monitor responses to controlled stimuli. ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/86/2/554/19232/Cyclic-3-5-AMP-relay-dictyostelium-discoideum-V?searchresult=1

Purchase Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1). It is produced in E.coli. High purity. Good ... Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1). Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element- ... Recombinant Human Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1) ( Yeast-CSB-YP005947HU Baculovirus-CSB-BP005947HU ... Results suggest that low nuclear cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (pCREB) expression in the primary lesion is ...

https://www.cusabio.com/Recombinant-Protein/Recombinant-Human-Cyclic-AMP-responsive-element-binding-protein-1CREB1-1030646.html

Cell surface cyclic AMP receptors are not included (CYCLIC AMP RECEPTORS), nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP ... A transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes which, when activated by binding cyclic AMP, acts at several promoters. Cyclic AMP ... "Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein" was a major or minor ... "Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ...

https://profiles.jefferson.edu/display/8039

Cyclic AMP, 60-92-4, Adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate, Adenosine 3,5-cyclophosphate, 3,5-cyclic AMP, cyclic 3,5-AMP, ...

https://3dprint.nih.gov/discover/35-cyclic-amp

Mutants in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli have been constructed by ... Mutations in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli A M Gronenborn 1 , R Sandulache ... Mutations in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli A M Gronenborn et al. Biochem J ... Mutants in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli have been constructed by ...

https://www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2845936

Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP. Marc G. Weisskopf, Pablo E. Castillo, Robert A. ... Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP. / Weisskopf, Marc G.; Castillo, Pablo E.; Zalutsky, ... Dive into the research topics of Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP. Together they ... title = "Mediation of hippocampal mossy fiber long-term potentiation by cyclic AMP", ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/mediation-of-hippocampal-mossy-fiber-long-term-potentiation-by-cy-2

Cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA)6 mediate intracellular signals from a wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, growth ... Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein. EMBO J. 16: 35-43. ... Inhibition of T Cell Activation by Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Requires Lipid Raft Targeting of Protein Kinase A Type I ... Inhibition of T Cell Activation by Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Requires Lipid Raft Targeting of Protein Kinase A Type I ...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/179/8/5159?ijkey=f785c99236727474bd4f17e8ac762f11289ba631&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Cyclic AMP elevation by phosphodiesterase blockade restored the male Nf1+/- microglia defects in P2Y-dependent membrane currents and process motility. (mdc-berlin.de)
MCI-154 inhibited the activity of a crude phosphodiesterase (PDE) from the canine ventricular muscle and it enhanced the PIE of isoproterenol, which implied the involvement of cyclic AMP. (aspetjournals.org)
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) enzymes degrade cAMP and underpin the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling through their targeting to particular protein complexes and intracellular locales. (strath.ac.uk)
Whereas chronic cadmium treatment failed to alter adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (phosphodiesterase) activity, the endogenous levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and the activity of basal- and fluoride-stimulated forms of hepatic adenylate cyclase (AC) were markedly increased in cadmium-injected animals. (aku.edu)
8. Sudo T, Tachibana K, Toga K, Tochizawa S, Inoue Y, Kimura Y, Hidaka H. (2000) Potent effects of novel anti-platelet aggregatory cilostamide analogues on recombinant cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme activity. (guidetopharmacology.org)

British Library EThOS: The importance of cyclic nucleotides (cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP) in the development of malignant disease. (bl.uk)
Specificity This antibody reacts with cyclic AMP and to lesser degrees with other 5' nucleotides. (qedbio.com)
Although different cyclic nucleotides can bind to CRP with almost equal affinity, only in the presence of cAMP could wild-type CRP bind to specific DNA sequences. (utmb.edu)
Thus, these mutants might aid in identifying the structural elements that are involved in the modulation of CRP to correctly differentiate the messages embedded in cyclic nucleotides. (utmb.edu)
In this in vitro study, five CRP* mutants, namely, D53H, S62F, G141Q, G141K, and L148R, were tested for their abilities to bind the lac promoter sequence and the effects of cyclic nucleotides in modulating DNA sequence recognition. (utmb.edu)
Thus, residues in CRP outside of the cyclic nucleotide binding site modulate the ability of CRP to differentiate these three cyclic nucleotides through long-range communication. (utmb.edu)
Localization of beta adrenergic receptors, and effects of noradrenaline and cyclic nucleotides on action potentials, ionic currents and tension in mammalian cardiac muscle. (wikidata.org)

Mechanistically, cholera toxin increases intracellular cyclic AMP, which subsequently activates protein kinase A and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator chloride channel (CFTR). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
To characterize the function of cyaB, a deletion mutant was constructed, and the mutant showed decreased level of intracellular cyclic AMP compared to that of wild-type. (elsevier.com)

Salicylic acid and aspirin inhibit the activity of RSK2 kinase and repress RSK2-dependent transcription of cyclic AMP response element binding protein- and NF-kappa B-responsive genes. (drugbank.com)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) plays an important role in cognitive functions. (frontiersin.org)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key regulator of Dictyostelium discoideum development ( Loomis, 2014 ). (biologists.com)
A radioisotopic method for measuring the formation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in incubated slices of brain. (wikidata.org)
The effect of benzo( a )pyrene on the accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in mouse skin in response to isoproterenol has been measured. (aacrjournals.org)
COCs expanded in vitro with FSH or EGF underwent the same changes, whereas those expanded with 8-bromo-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) maintained integrity for a longer time. (torvergata.it)
Under the action of 1 mM of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) the survival and rate of reproduction of culture cells of the Chinese hamster decreased, in comparison with the control group, to 27 and 42%, respectively. (umn.edu)
Polunovsky, VA 1975, ' Protective effect of thymidine against the cytostatic action of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate in the cell cultures of mammals (Russian) ', Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny , vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 93-95. (umn.edu)
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway has been shown to play an essential role in memory and cognitive abilities ( Kandel, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including salmeterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3,5 -adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). (pediatriconcall.com)
As the first-of-its-kind platform, the Microbubble-assisted UltraSound-guided Immunotherapy of Cancer (MUSIC) approach employs nanocomplexes combined with microbubbles to effectively deliver cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), an immunotransmitter involved in anticancer immunity, into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mdanderson.org)

Among these receptors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has been identified as a major and universal cytosolic DNA sensor that is independent of specificity of DNA sequence and/or cell type. (phys.org)

Zinc reverses the effect of cyclic AMP inhibition of NHE3 activity. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. (pediatriconcall.com)
In the mid-1990s, researchers found that Fasoracetam reverses the inhibition of cyclic AMP formation produced by the GABA-B agonist, Baclofen. (newmind.com)

Xinyue Tao et al, Ku proteins promote DNA binding and condensation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, Cell Reports (2022). (phys.org)
Dysfunctional telomeres trigger cellular senescence mediated by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. (bvsalud.org)
We found that this phenomenon is caused not by telomere shortening , but by cyclic GMP -AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizing cytosolic chromatin fragments and then activating the stimulator of interferon genes ( STING ) cytosolic DNA -sensing pathway and downstream interferon signaling. (bvsalud.org)
Inside the APCs, the microbubbles release cGAMP to activate the GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which stimulates type I interferon responses that are essential for priming tumor-specific T cells. (mdanderson.org)

Activated cGAS catalyzes the synthesis of the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP. (phys.org)
Natural agonists, such as cyclic dinucleotides, activate the cGAS-STING pathway, but concerns over poor cytosolic entry, serum stability and systemic toxicity have been major limitations for clinical translation. (mdanderson.org)

Mast cell mediator release as a function of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation. (rupress.org)
Stereo-specific perturbation of the IgE-receptor (shown in previous studies) produces a monophasic rise in cyclic AMP that peaks at 15 s and a depletion of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase that plateaus at 30-60 s. (rupress.org)
The role of cyclic AMP as a second messenger in this sequence is now apparent from the linear relationship between net percent mediator release and net percent activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzyme when IgE-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase is suppressed by incremental quantities of DDA. (rupress.org)
There was a comparable percent activation of both types I and II mast cell cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes with anti-IgE-induced activation and secretion, and there was a parallel suppression of the activation of both isoenzymes in the presence of DDA. (rupress.org)
Although these studies firmly link the activation of cytoplasmic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to the IgE receptor-initiated transmembrane activation of adenylate cyclase. (rupress.org)

Here we report that the cyclic AMP signal pathway modulates the dependency of Cln cyclins on growth. (elsevier.com)

It has been shown that zinc acts as an intestinal epithelial cell basolateral potassium channel blocker of cyclic AMP-mediated chloride secretion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is a global transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of many different genes. (utmb.edu)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Cyclic AMP control of the envelope growth in Escherichia coli: envelope morphology of the mutants in cya and crp genes. (who.int)
Genetic association of cyclic AMP signaling genes with bipolar disorder. (cdc.gov)

The previously observed linear relationship between the attenuation in the monophasic rise in cyclic AMP and the quantity of mediator release in the presence of incremental concentrations of the adenosine analogue 2',5',-dideoxyadenosine, DDA, which is known to inhibit adenylate cyclase, indicated a direct relationship between receptor perturbation, transmembrane activation of adenylate cyclase, and granule secretion. (rupress.org)
Cyclic AMP promotes cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) by stimulating cell proliferation and fluid secretion. (ewha.ac.kr)

Since the discovery of c-di-GMP almost three decades ago, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have emerged as widely used signaling molecules in most kingdoms of life. (nature.com)

The family of second messengers now includes c-di-AMP and distinct versions of mixed cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) compounds. (nature.com)

ARPP-21 is a cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 21 kDa that is enriched in the cell bodies and terminals of medium-sized spiny neurons in the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
Topical application of benzo( a )pyrene caused a rise in the basal levels of cyclic AMP and a decreased response to isoproterenol, either injected i.p. or added to a salts medium containing skin pieces. (aacrjournals.org)
Acetic acid application did not increase the basal levels of cyclic AMP. (aacrjournals.org)

Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid. (nature.com)
In the concentrations under study the cystostatic action of exogenous cAMP on the cells of mammals served as the sequence of splitting to 5' AMP in the culture medium and was realized by blocking one of the stages of TMP synthesis. (umn.edu)
Not only is eurycoma apparent in increasing the activity of steroidogenic enzymes but an increase in cyclic AMP, which has a favorable effect on steroid synthesis has been shown. (criticalbench.com)
A beta-lactam is a cyclic amide that inhibits cell wall synthesis of bacteria, and the resistance from MRSA comes from its production of beta lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down beta-lactams. (quintessay.com)

Response of hepatic carbohydrate and cyclic AMP metabolism to cadmium " by Zul Merali, S. Kacew et al. (aku.edu)

Cyclic AMP mediates the effects of adrenaline on cardiac purkinje fibres. (wikidata.org)
300mg of Natural Caffeine-Green Coffee Beans (SUSTAINABLE ENERGY) Potent central nervous system stimulant, increases the release of adrenaline and extends the life of cyclic AMP. (patriotsupplements.com)

This is why cells make use of second messengers (such as cyclic AMP) to relay and amplify the intracellular signals The signal transduction steps involve adding or removing the phosphate group that results in protein activation. (inspiritvr.com)

A similar decrease in the isoproterenol stimulation of cyclic AMP occurred after application of croton oil or acetic acid to mouse skin, indicating that the effect was not specific for carcinogens. (aacrjournals.org)

Cyclic AMP" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)

These results suggest that the elevation of cyclic AMP levels is only partially involved in the PIE of MCI-154 in the canine right ventricular muscle, and that MCI-154 may have novel mechanisms of action different from those of amrinone, milrinone and CI-914 that are largely cyclic AMP-dependent. (aspetjournals.org)

These defects resulted from Nf1+/- male-specific defects in cyclic AMP regulation, rather than from changes in purinergic receptor expression. (mdc-berlin.de)
The receptor is generally considered to be coupled to the GI, INHIBITORY G-PROTEIN which causes down regulation of CYCLIC AMP. (reference.md)

In addition, gel mobility assay showed that exposure of the cells to GHB also increased nuclear DNA-binding activity specific for the cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcriptional element in a concentration-dependent manner. (erowid.org)
Using molecular biology tools and an in vitro fluid shear model, we report that shear stress upregulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release, which in turn promotes the invasion of chondrosarcoma cells via the induction of MMP-1 in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. (elsevier.com)

The human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 (hHCN1) subunit was heterologously expressed in mammalian cell lines (CV-1 and CHO) and its properties investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. (nih.gov)

Forskolin is thought to work by stimulating the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is a molecule that has been shown to promote hair growth. (herbal-treatments.net)

p-OH-amphetamine 8 mg/kg increased c AMP levels in Cortex but had no action in diencephalon. (erowid.org)
MCI-154 increased the cyclic AMP levels only at 3 X 10(-4) M, whereas CI-914, of which chemical structure is similar to that of MCI-154, elevated definitely the cyclic AMP at the lower concentrations (10(-5) to 10(-4) M). Carbachol at a concentration known to decrease markedly the PIE of amrinone, milrinone and papaverine, did not affect the PIE of MCI-154. (aspetjournals.org)
In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries and emerging themes that illustrate the ubiquity and versatility of cyclic dinucleotide function at the transcriptional and post-translational levels and, in particular, on insights gained through mechanistic structure-function analyses. (nature.com)
Hickman, J.W., Tifrea, D.F. & Harwood, C.S. A chemosensory system that regulates biofilm formation through modulation of cyclic diguanylate levels. (nature.com)
The characteristic diurnal fluctuation in epidermal cyclic AMP levels present in untreated mice was not observed after benzo( a )pyrene treatment. (aacrjournals.org)

Because dopamine is thought to stimulate the production of cyclic AMP in the brain, we hypothesized that CSF cyclic AMP would be increased in schizophrenia. (mssm.edu)
Two intracellular signaling pathways for the dopamine D3 receptor: opposite and synergistic interactions with cyclic AMP. (bvsalud.org)

Does the positive inotropic action of a novel cardiotonic agent, MCI-154, involve mechanisms other than cyclic AMP? (aspetjournals.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs116

Phenomena and Processes24

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (1/18083)

The paired-domain transcription factor Pax8 binds to the upstream enhancer of the rat sodium/iodide symporter gene and participates in both thyroid-specific and cyclic-AMP-dependent transcription. (2/18083)

Identification of a cAMP response element within the glucose- 6-phosphatase hydrolytic subunit gene promoter which is involved in the transcriptional regulation by cAMP and glucocorticoids in H4IIE hepatoma cells. (3/18083)

PrKX is a novel catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulated by the regulatory subunit type I. (4/18083)

A2B adenosine and P2Y2 receptors stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. cross-talk between cyclic AMP and protein kinase c pathways. (5/18083)

CRE-mediated gene transcription in neocortical neuronal plasticity during the developmental critical period. (6/18083)

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (7/18083)

Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. (8/18083)

No data available that match "cyclic amp"

Cyclic AMP

Receptors, Cyclic AMP

Bucladesine

Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine

Colforsin

Theophylline

Adenylate Cyclase

AMP Deaminase

Isoproterenol

Adenosine Monophosphate

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Cyclic GMP

Rolipram

Kinetics

Stimulation, Chemical

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Prostaglandins E

Cholera Toxin

Calcium

Nucleotides, Cyclic

Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases

Adenosine

Epinephrine

Glucagon

Xanthines

Cells, Cultured

Rats, Inbred Strains

Protein Kinases

Alprostadil

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin

Second Messenger Systems

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Enzyme Activation

Phenylisopropyladenosine

2-Chloroadenosine

Cell Line

Papaverine

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone

Dictyostelium

Adenosine Triphosphate

Pyrrolidinones

Aminophylline

Virulence Factors, Bordetella

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta

Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP

Thionucleotides

Propranolol

Dinoprostone

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4

Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)

Liver

Guinea Pigs

Adrenergic beta-Agonists

Signal Transduction

Molecular Sequence Data

Pertussis Toxin

Transcription, Genetic

Time Factors

Inositol Phosphates

Carbachol

Receptors, Adrenergic

Norepinephrine

Cycloheximide

Histamine

Escherichia coli

Base Sequence

Diterpenes

Glucose

Phosphorylation

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases

Enzyme Induction

Prostaglandins

Phosphorylases

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone