Cyanophora
Eukaryota
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.
Organelles
Cyanobacteria
A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.
Plastids
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Strepsirhini
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Rhodophyta
Plants of the division Rhodophyta, commonly known as red algae, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However, if this pigment is destroyed, the algae can appear purple, brown, green, or yellow. Two important substances found in the cell walls of red algae are AGAR and CARRAGEENAN. Some rhodophyta are notable SEAWEED (macroalgae).
Encyclopedias as Topic
Phycobilisomes
Chloroplasts
Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.
Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins
Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.
Fatigue
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Rhodopseudomonas
Electron Transport
Biodiversity
Hepatitis, Infectious Canine
Earth (Planet)
Antibodies
Antibody Formation
Antibody Specificity
Period Circadian Proteins
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Biological Science Disciplines
All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.
Classification
Computer-Assisted Instruction
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Conservative sorting in a primitive plastid. The cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa. (1/19)
Higher plant chloroplasts possess at least four different pathways for protein translocation across and protein integration into the thylakoid membranes. It is of interest with respect to plastid evolution, which pathways have been retained as a relic from the cyanobacterial ancestor ('conservative sorting'), which ones have been kept but modified, and which ones were developed at the organelle stage, i.e. are eukaryotic achievements as (largely) the Toc and Tic translocons for envelope import of cytosolic precursor proteins. In the absence of data on cyanobacterial protein translocation, the cyanelles of the glaucocystophyte alga Cyanophora paradoxa for which in vitro systems for protein import and intraorganellar sorting were elaborated can serve as a model: the cyanelles are surrounded by a peptidoglycan wall, their thylakoids are covered with phycobilisomes and the composition of their oxygen-evolving complex is another feature shared with cyanobacteria. We demonstrate the operation of the Sec and Tat pathways in cyanelles and show for the first time in vitro protein import across cyanobacteria-like thylakoid membranes and protease protection of the mature protein. (+info)Monophyly of primary photosynthetic eukaryotes: green plants, red algae, and glaucophytes. (2/19)
Between 1 and 1.5 billion years ago, eukaryotic organisms acquired the ability to convert light into chemical energy through endosymbiosis with a Cyanobacterium (e.g.,). This event gave rise to "primary" plastids, which are present in green plants, red algae, and glaucophytes ("Plantae" sensu Cavalier-Smith). The widely accepted view that primary plastids arose only once implies two predictions: (1) all plastids form a monophyletic group, as do (2) primary photosynthetic eukaryotes. Nonetheless, unequivocal support for both predictions is lacking (e.g.,). In this report, we present two phylogenomic analyses, with 50 genes from 16 plastid and 15 cyanobacterial genomes and with 143 nuclear genes from 34 eukaryotic species, respectively. The nuclear dataset includes new sequences from glaucophytes, the less-studied group of primary photosynthetic eukaryotes. We find significant support for both predictions. Taken together, our analyses provide the first strong support for a single endosymbiotic event that gave rise to primary photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Plantae. Because our dataset does not cover the entire eukaryotic diversity (but only four of six major groups in), further testing of the monophyly of Plantae should include representatives from eukaryotic lineages for which currently insufficient sequence information is available. (+info)Distribution of the extrinsic proteins as a potential marker for the evolution of photosynthetic oxygen-evolving photosystem II. (3/19)
Distribution of photosystem II (PSII) extrinsic proteins was examined using antibodies raised against various extrinsic proteins from different sources. The results showed that a glaucophyte (Cyanophora paradoxa) having the most primitive plastids contained the cyanobacterial-type extrinsic proteins (PsbO, PsbV, PsbU), and the primitive red algae (Cyanidium caldarium) contained the red algal-type extrinsic proteins (PsO, PsbQ', PsbV, PsbU), whereas a prasinophyte (Pyraminonas parkeae), which is one of the most primitive green algae, contained the green algal-type ones (PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ). These suggest that the extrinsic proteins had been diverged into cyanobacterial-, red algal- and green algal-types during early phases of evolution after a primary endosymbiosis. This study also showed that a haptophyte, diatoms and brown algae, which resulted from red algal secondary endosymbiosis, contained the red algal-type, whereas Euglena gracilis resulted from green algal secondary endosymbiosis contained the green algal-type extrinsic proteins, suggesting that the red algal- and green algal-type extrinsic proteins have been retained unchanged in the different lines of organisms following the secondary endosymbiosis. Based on these immunological analyses, together with the current genome data, the evolution of photosynthetic oxygen-evolving PSII was discussed from a view of distribution of the extrinsic proteins, and a new model for the evolution of the PSII extrinsic proteins was proposed. (+info)The GapA/B gene duplication marks the origin of Streptophyta (charophytes and land plants). (4/19)
Independent evidence from morphological, ultrastructural, biochemical, and molecular data have shown that land plants originated from charophycean green algae. However, the branching order within charophytes is still unresolved, and contradictory phylogenies about, for example,the position of the unicellular green alga Mesostigma viride are difficult to reconcile. A comparison of nuclear-encoded Calvin cycle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH) indicates that a crucial duplication of the GapA gene occurred early in land plant evolution. The duplicate called GapB acquired a characteristic carboxy-terminal extension (CTE) from the general regulator of the Calvin cycle CP12. This CTE is responsible for thioredoxin-dependent light/dark regulation. In this work, we established GapA, GapB, and CP12 sequences from bryophytes, all orders of charophyte as well as chlorophyte green algae, and the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of all available plastid GAPDH sequences suggest that glaucophytes and green plants are sister lineages and support a positioning of Mesostigma basal to all charophycean algae. The exclusive presence of GapB in terrestrial plants, charophytes, and Mesostigma dates the GapA/B gene duplication to the common ancestor of Streptophyta. The conspicuously high degree of GapB sequence conservation suggests an important metabolic role of the newly gained regulatory function. Because the GapB-mediated protein aggregation most likely ensures the complete blockage of the Calvin cycle at night, we propose that this mechanism is also crucial for efficient starch mobilization. This innovation may be one prerequisite for the development of storage tissues in land plants. (+info)Cyanobacterial contribution to algal nuclear genomes is primarily limited to plastid functions. (5/19)
A single cyanobacterial primary endosymbiosis that occurred approximately 1.5 billion years ago is believed to have given rise to the plastid in the common ancestor of the Plantae or Archaeplastida--the eukaryotic supergroup comprising red, green (including land plants), and glaucophyte algae. Critical to plastid establishment was the transfer of endosymbiont genes to the host nucleus (i.e., endosymbiotic gene transfer [EGT]). It has been postulated that plastid-derived EGT played a significant role in plant nuclear-genome evolution, with 18% (or 4,500) of all nuclear genes in Arabidopsis thaliana having a cyanobacterial origin with about one-half of these recruited for nonplastid functions. Here, we determine whether the level of cyanobacterial gene recruitment proposed for Arabidopsis is of the same magnitude in the algal sisters of plants by analyzing expressed-sequence tag (EST) data from the glaucophyte alga Cyanophora paradoxa. Bioinformatic analysis of 3,576 Cyanophora nuclear genes shows that 10.8% of these with significant database hits are of cyanobacterial origin and one-ninth of these have nonplastid functions. Our data indicate that unlike plants, early-diverging algal groups appear to retain a smaller number of endosymbiont genes in their nucleus, with only a minor proportion of these recruited for nonplastid functions. (+info)Algal genomics: exploring the imprint of endosymbiosis. (6/19)
The nuclear genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes are littered with genes derived from the cyanobacterial progenitor of modern-day plastids. A genomic analysis of Cyanophora paradoxa - a deeply diverged unicellular alga - suggests that the abundance and functional diversity of nucleus-encoded genes of cyanobacterial origin differs in plants and algae. (+info)Evolution of the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase: the plasticity of primary metabolism in photosynthetic eukaryotes. (7/19)
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) has an essential function in both catabolic glycolysis and anabolic gluconeogenesis and is universally distributed among Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and some Archaea. In addition to the cytosolic GPI, land plant chloroplasts harbor a nuclear encoded isoenzyme of cyanobacterial origin that is indispensable for the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and plastid starch accumulation. We established 12 new GPI sequences from rhodophytes, the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa, a ciliate, and all orders of complex algae with red plastids (haptophytes, diatoms, cryptophytes, and dinoflagellates). Our comprehensive phylogenies do not support previous GPI-based speculations about a eukaryote-to-prokaryote horizontal gene transfer from metazoa to gamma-proteobacteria. The evolution of cytosolic GPI is largely in agreement with small subunit analyses, which indicates that it is a specific marker of the host cell. A distinct subtree comprising alveolates (ciliates, apicomplexa, Perkinsus, and dinoflagellates), stramenopiles (diatoms and Phytophthora [oomycete]), and Plantae (green plants, rhodophytes, and Cyanophora) might suggest a common origin of these superensembles. Finally, in contrast to land plants where the plastid GPI is of cyanobacterial origin, chlorophytes and rhodophytes independently recruited a duplicate of the cytosolic GPI that subsequently acquired a transit peptide for plastid import. A secondary loss of the cytosolic isoenzyme and the plastid localization of the single GPI in chlorophycean green algae is compatible with physiological studies. Our findings reveal the fundamental importance of the plastid OPPP for Plantae and document the plasticity of primary metabolism. (+info)Phylogeny of nuclear-encoded plastid-targeted proteins supports an early divergence of glaucophytes within Plantae. (8/19)
The phylogenetic position of the glaucophyte algae within the eukaryotic supergroup Plantae remains to be unambiguously established. Here, we assembled a multigene data set of conserved nuclear-encoded plastid-targeted proteins of cyanobacterial origin (i.e., through primary endosymbiotic gene transfer) from glaucophyte, red, and green (including land plants) algae to infer the branching order within this supergroup. We find strong support for the early divergence of glaucophytes within the Plantae, corroborating 2 important putatively ancestral characters shared by glaucophyte plastids and the cyanobacterial endosymbiont that gave rise to this organelle: the presence of a peptidoglycan deposition between the 2 organelle membranes and carboxysomes. Both these traits were apparently lost in the common ancestor of red and green algae after the divergence of glaucophytes. (+info)
The Origin of Photosynthesis - Astrobiology Magazine
Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the large subunit of rubisco from Cyanophora paradoxa - phylogenetic implications. | EPIC
Glaucophyte - Wikipedia
Common ancestry of heterodimerizing TALE homeobox transcription factors across Metazoa and Archaeplastida | SpringerLink
Plantae | Category: Plant Physiology: Updates | Plantae
Plantae | Tag: Arabidopsis | Page 7 | Plantae
Metallome: Phe-Val crosslink in symerythrin
Kingdom-wide comparison reveals the evolution of diurnal gene expression in Archaeplastida
Archaeplastida - Wikispecies
Jobs | Plantae Jobs
Kingdom Plantae: Characteristics And Examples | Science Trends
Animalia Paradoxa - Wikipedia
Why dont plants have any chlamydial symbionts?
Vitellaria paradoxa - Wikimedia Commons
Diagrammatic scale of severity for postharvest black rot (Ceratocystis paradoxa) in coconut palm fruits
Myrialepis paradoxa (Kurz) J.Dransf., Kew Bull. 37: 242 (1982) | PALMweb
Category:Guihaia - Wikimedia Commons
Category:Gaylussacia - Wikimedia Commons
Dracaena auwahiensis - Wikimedia Commons
Kingdom Plantae: Its Definition, Characteristic and Classifications - HubPages
OG 01 0003907 details
starch - Baag.in
TRB 4:5 - Investigation 7 - Classification Schemes
Index Catalog // Imago
Classification |
USDA PLANTS
Classification |
USDA PLANTS
Cyanobacterial contribution to the genomes of the plastid-lacking protists | BMC Ecology and Evolution | Full Text
Plantes verdes - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliure
Oomizete - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.
Kingdom Plantae - Windows to the Universe
Fossilium Catalogus Plantae, Volume 108: Index of Angiosperm Leaf Species Names C, 1823-2005: J van der Burgh, HWJ van Amerom |...
Bibliography for Acacia+paradoxa- Biodiversity Heritage Library
Treevolution: Biology through the evolutionary lens: May 2016
OG 01 0005950 details
General characteristics of Kingdom Fungi and Kingdom Plantae | Science online
Index Catalog // Imago
iDigBio Portal
Regnul plantae II - Spermatofite - Revision Notes in A Level and IB Biology
Oil, sheanut Facts -In & Out Calorie Counter | Calorie Food & Exercise Diary Tracker
Where are proteins found in the cell membrane? - Lifeeasy Biology: Questions and Answers
Where are proteins found in the cell membrane? - Lifeeasy Biology: Questions and Answers
Class Anthocerotae - Classification - Systema Naturae 2000
Classification |
USDA PLANTS
Classification |
USDA PLANTS
Group A/1 resistant Phalaris paradoxa from Italy
Group A/1 resistant Phalaris paradoxa from Iran
Group A/1 resistant Phalaris paradoxa from Italy
Rhizaria - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Population dynamics of the freshwater clam Galatea paradoxa (Donacidae) in the Cross River, Nigeria
Cyanobacterial Genes Transmitted to the Nucleus Before Divergence of Red Algae in the Chromista | SpringerLink
Phytophthora
Kingdom Plantae - Overview - Systema Naturae 2000
Characteristics of different phyla of plantae.
Blank Canvas - Interests Photo Book
SEINet - Arizona Chapter - Nolana paradoxa
XI Biology - Chapter 9 - Kingdom Plantae, Plant Families ~ .: LearningPk :. Home Of Study, Education, Knowledge And Information...
iDigBio Portal
List of sequenced algae genomes
"Cyanophora Genome v2 Project". cyanophora.rutgers.edu/cyanophora_v2018. Retrieved 2019-08-01. "Info - Asterochloris sp. Cgr/ ... "Cyanophora Genome Project". cyanophora.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-12. Price DC, Goodenough UW, Roth R, Lee JH, Kariyawasam ... February 2012). "Cyanophora paradoxa genome elucidates origin of photosynthesis in algae and plants". Science. 335 (6070): 843- ... August 2019). "Analysis of an improved Cyanophora paradoxa genome assembly". DNA Research. 26 (4): 289-299. doi:10.1093/dnares/ ...
Glaucophyte
Genus Cyanophora Korshikov 1924 (is motile and lacks a cell wall) *C. tetracyanea Korshikov 1941 ...
Hoek, Mann and Jahns system
Cyanophora, Glaucocystis) Class Bangiophyceae Order Porphyridiales (e.g., Porphyridium, Chroodactylon) Order Rhodochaetales (e. ...
List of sequenced plastomes
Löffelhardt W, Bohnert HJ, Bryant DA (1997). "The complete sequence of the Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelle genome ( ...
Cyanobacteria
"Cyanophora paradoxa genome elucidates origin of photosynthesis in algae and plants". Science. 335 (6070): 843-47. Bibcode: ...
Carbon fixation
February 2012). "Cyanophora paradoxa genome elucidates origin of photosynthesis in algae and plants" (PDF). Science. 335 (6070 ...
Hermann Mucke (bioscientist)
The Central Part of the Cyanelle rDNA Unit of Cyanophora paradoxa: Sequence Comparison with Chloroplasts and Cyanobacteria. ... Partial Characterization of the Genome of the "Endosymbiotic" Cyanelles from Cyanophora paradoxa. FEBS Lett. 111(2), 347-352 ( ... earliest plant molecular biology phase of Mucke's work concerned the characterization and partial sequencing of the Cyanophora ...
Thiol sulfotransferase
Schmidt A, Christen U (1979). "A PAPS-dependent sulfotransferase in Cyanophora paradoxa inhibited by 5'-AMP, 5'-ADP and APS". Z ...
Эукариоты - Википедия
Isolation of a novel carotenoid-rich protein in Cyanophora paradoxa that is immunologically related to the light-harvesting ... The complete sequence of the Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelle genome (Glaucocystophyceae). Plant Syst Evol. 1997 ...
Glaucophyte
Strobilomonas Schiller 1954 Strobilomonas cyaneus Schiller 1954 Genus Cyanophora Korshikov 1924 (is motile and lacks a cell ...
Cyanophora paradoxa
... is a freshwater species of Glaucophyte that is used as a model organism. C. paradoxa has two cyanelles or ... Guiry, Michael D. (2015). Cyanophora paradoxa Korshikov, 1924. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2015). AlgaeBase. World-wide ... "Cyanophora paradoxa Genome Elucidates Origin of Photosynthesis in Algae and Plants". Science. 335 (6070): 843-847. doi:10.1126/ ... World Register of Marine Species at Cyanophora paradoxa on 2016-06-15 Lee, Robert Edward (2008). Phycology (4th ed.). Cambridge ...
Pinophyta
Most conifers are monoecious, but some are subdioecious or dioecious; all are wind-pollinated. Conifer seeds develop inside a protective cone called a strobilus. The cones take from four months to three years to reach maturity, and vary in size from 2 mm to 600 mm long. In Pinaceae, Araucariaceae, Sciadopityaceae and most Cupressaceae, the cones are woody, and when mature the scales usually spread open allowing the seeds to fall out and be dispersed by the wind. In some (e.g. firs and cedars), the cones disintegrate to release the seeds, and in others (e.g. the pines that produce pine nuts) the nut-like seeds are dispersed by birds (mainly nutcrackers, and jays), which break up the specially adapted softer cones. Ripe cones may remain on the plant for a varied amount of time before falling to the ground; in some fire-adapted pines, the seeds may be stored in closed cones for up to 60-80 years, being released only when a fire kills the parent tree. In the families Podocarpaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, ...
Embryophyte
The evolutionary origins of the embryophytes are discussed further below, but they are believed to have evolved from within a group of complex green algae during the Paleozoic era (which started around 540 million years ago). Charales or the stoneworts may be a living illustration of the middle step between green algae and embryophytes, due to a similarity in structure and function of its reproductive system and that the genus Equisetum, which is a vascular embryophyte that reproduces via spores.[13][14] However, this view was challenged recently. Another theory suggests that embryophytes emerged on land from terrestrial unicellular charophytes, similar to extant Klebsormidiophyceae.[15] Embryophytes are primarily adapted for life on land, although some are secondarily aquatic. Accordingly, they are often called land plants or terrestrial plants. On a microscopic level, the cells of embryophytes are broadly similar to those of green algae, but differ in that in cell division the daughter nuclei ...
Plant
Algae comprise several different groups of organisms which produce food by photosynthesis and thus have traditionally been included in the plant kingdom. The seaweeds range from large multicellular algae to single-celled organisms and are classified into three groups, the green algae, red algae and brown algae. There is good evidence that the brown algae evolved independently from the others, from non-photosynthetic ancestors that formed endosymbiotic relationships with red algae rather than from cyanobacteria, and they are no longer classified as plants as defined here.[23][24] The Viridiplantae, the green plants - green algae and land plants - form a clade, a group consisting of all the descendants of a common ancestor. With a few exceptions, the green plants have the following features in common; primary chloroplasts derived from cyanobacteria containing chlorophylls a and b, cell walls containing cellulose, and food stores in the form of starch contained within the plastids. They undergo ...
Flowering plant
It is generally assumed that the function of flowers, from the start, was to involve mobile animals in their reproduction processes. That is, pollen can be scattered even if the flower is not brightly colored or oddly shaped in a way that attracts animals; however, by expending the energy required to create such traits, angiosperms can enlist the aid of animals and, thus, reproduce more efficiently. Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example). Such a relationship, with a hypothetical wasp carrying pollen from one plant to another ...
Green algae
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta, which are now placed in separate divisions, as well as the potentially more basal Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae and Spirotaenia.[1][2] The land plants, or embryophytes, are thought to have emerged from the charophytes.[3] Therefore, cladistically, embryophytes belong to green algae as well. However, because the embryophytes are traditionally classified as neither algae nor green algae, green algae are a paraphyletic group. Since the realization that the embryophytes emerged from within the green algae, some authors are starting to include them.[4][5][6][7][8] The clade that includes both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic and is referred to as the clade Viridiplantae and as the kingdom Plantae. The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, most with two flagella per cell, as well as various colonial, coccoid and filamentous ...
Trebouxiophyceae
Friedl, T (1995). "Inferring taxonomic positions and testing genus level assignments in coccoid green lichen algae: a phylogenetic analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA sequences from Dictyochloropsis reticulata and from members of the genus Myrmecia (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae cl. nov.)". Journal of Phycology. 31 (4): 632-639. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1995.tb02559.x ...
Lycopodiophyta
The members of this division have a long evolutionary history, and fossils are abundant worldwide, especially in coal deposits. In fact, most known genera are extinct. The Silurian species Baragwanathia longifolia represents the earliest identifiable Lycopodiophyta, while some Cooksonia seem to be related. Lycopodolica is another Silurian genus which appears to be an early member of this group.[12] Fossils ascribed to the Lycopodiophyta first appear in the Silurian period, along with a number of other vascular plants. Phylogenetic analysis places them at the base of the vascular plants; they are distinguished by their microphylls and by transverse dehiscence of their sporangia (as contrasted with longitudinal in other vascular plants). Sporangia of living species are borne on the upper surfaces of microphylls (called sporophylls). In some groups, these sporophylls are clustered into strobili. Devonian fossil trees from Svalbard, growing in equatorial regions, raise the possibility that they drew ...
Embryophyte
The evolutionary origins of the embryophytes are discussed further below, but they are believed to have evolved from within a group of complex green algae during the Paleozoic era (which started around 540 million years ago)[13][14] probably from terrestrial unicellular charophytes, similar to extant Klebsormidiophyceae.[15] Embryophytes are primarily adapted for life on land, although some are secondarily aquatic. Accordingly, they are often called land plants or terrestrial plants. On a microscopic level, the cells of embryophytes are broadly similar to those of green algae, but differ in that in cell division the daughter nuclei are separated by a phragmoplast.[16] They are eukaryotic, with a cell wall composed of cellulose and plastids surrounded by two membranes. The latter include chloroplasts, which conduct photosynthesis and store food in the form of starch, and are characteristically pigmented with chlorophylls a and b, generally giving them a bright green color. Embryophyte cells also ...
Hornwort
From the protonema grows the adult gametophyte, which is the persistent and independent stage in the life cycle. This stage usually grows as a thin rosette or ribbon-like thallus between one and five centimeters in diameter, and several layers of cells in thickness. It is green or yellow-green from the chlorophyll in its cells, or bluish-green when colonies of cyanobacteria grow inside the plant.. When the gametophyte has grown to its adult size, it produces the sex organs of the hornwort. Most plants are monoicous, with both sex organs on the same plant, but some plants (even within the same species) are dioicous, with separate male and female gametophytes. The female organs are known as archegonia (singular archegonium) and the male organs are known as antheridia (singular antheridium). Both kinds of organs develop just below the surface of the plant and are only later exposed by disintegration of the overlying cells.. The biflagellate sperm must swim from the antheridia, or else be splashed ...
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
In the past, classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of systems (see List of systems of plant taxonomy). Different systems and their updates were generally favoured in different countries. Examples are the Engler system in continental Europe, the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew), the Takhtajan system in the former Soviet Union and countries within its sphere of influence and the Cronquist system in the United States.[1] Before the availability of genetic evidence, the classification of angiosperms (also known as flowering plants, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta) was based on their morphology (particularly of their flower) and biochemistry (the kinds of chemical compounds in the plant). After the 1980s, detailed genetic evidence analysed by phylogenetic methods became available and while confirming or clarifying some relationships in existing ...
Viridiplantae - Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
O clado Viridiplantae (literalmente "plantas verdes")[5] ´um agrupamento monofilético de organismos eucariotas constituído pelas algas verdes, que são primariamente aquáticas, e pelas plantas terrestres (Embryophyta), que emergiram a partir da mesma linhagem ancestral.[7][8][9] O agrupamento geralmente designado por «algas verdes» tradicionalmente exclui as «plantas terrestres», o que implica que ambos os grupos são na realidade parafiléticos dada a partilha de uma mesma linhagem, ou seja de um concestor. Em consequência do conhecimento de que as embriófitas emergiram de entre as algas verdes, é cada vez maior o número de autores que incluem estes grupo num único táxon, que assim é feito monofilético.[10][11][12][13][14] O agrupamento definido com esta circunscrição taxonómica inclui um conjunto de organismos que herdaram desse ancestral comum mais recente, nomeadamente apresentam células com celulose na sua parede celular e cloroplastos primários derivados da ...
Plantes verdes - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Glaucocystis · Cyanophora · Gloeochaete. Viridiplantae/. Plantae sensu stricto. Chlorophyta/Algues verdes. Prasinophyceae. ...
Chloroplast
The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast.[24] The glaucophyte ...
Tetanduran
Glaucocystis · Cyanophora · Gloeochaete. Viridiplantae/. Plantae. sensu stricto. Chlorophyta/GA. Bryopsidophyceae · ...
Cyanophora paradoxa - Wikipedia
Cyanophora paradoxa is a freshwater species of Glaucophyte that is used as a model organism. C. paradoxa has two cyanelles or ... Guiry, Michael D. (2015). Cyanophora paradoxa Korshikov, 1924. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2015). AlgaeBase. World-wide ... "Cyanophora paradoxa Genome Elucidates Origin of Photosynthesis in Algae and Plants". Science. 335 (6070): 843-847. doi:10.1126/ ... World Register of Marine Species at Cyanophora paradoxa on 2016-06-15 Lee, Robert Edward (2008). Phycology (4th ed.). Cambridge ...
RCSB PDB - 6GNG: Granule Bound Starch Synthase I from Cyanophora paradoxa bound to acarbose and ADP
Evolutionary conservation of dual Sec translocases in the cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa - Semantic Scholar
... for a dual location of the Sec translocon in the thylakoid as well as inner envelope membranes of the cyanelles from Cyanophora ... The cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa.. Jürgen M. Steiner, Juergen Berghöfer, +3 authors Wolfgang Löffelhardt ... Transketolase from Cyanophora paradoxa: in vitro import into cyanelles and pea chloroplasts and a complex history of a gene ... Conservative sorting in the muroplasts of Cyanophora paradoxa: a reevaluation based on the completed genome sequence. Jürgen M ...
Identification and Characterization of Glycolate Oxidase and Related Enzymes from the Endocyanotic Alga Cyanophora paradoxa and...
Cyanophora GO and pea GO cannot oxidize d-lactate. In contrast to GO from pea or other organisms, the affinity of Cyanophora GO ... The specific catalase activity in Cyanophora was only one-tenth of that in leaves. NADH-and NADPH-dependent hydroxypyruvate ... It is proposed that Cyanophora has multiple forms of HPR and glyoxylate reductase, but no enzyme clearly resembling leaf ... It is concluded that there is considerable inhomogeneity among the glycolate-oxidizing enzymes from Cyanophora, pea, and other ...
Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the large subunit of rubisco from Cyanophora paradoxa - phylogenetic implications. | EPIC
Cyanophora paradoxa Genome Elucidates Origin of Photosynthesis in Algae and Plants - NASA/ADS
We analyzed draft genome and transcriptome data from the basally diverging alga Cyanophora paradoxa and provide evidence for a ... Cyanophora paradoxa Genome Elucidates Origin of Photosynthesis in Algae and Plants *Price, Dana C. ... We analyzed draft genome and transcriptome data from the basally diverging alga Cyanophora paradoxa and provide evidence for a ...
Characterization of Peptidoglycan from the Cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa | Microbiology Society
Since the genome of the cyanelle closely resembles that of chloroplasts, the results suggest that the cyanelle of Cyanophora ... of Cyanophora paradoxa. The results indicate the presence of N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid ... Characterization of Peptidoglycan from the Cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa * ALASTAIR AITKEN and R. Y. STANIER ... Since the genome of the cyanelle closely resembles that of chloroplasts, the results suggest that the cyanelle of Cyanophora ...
The complete chloroplast DNA sequence of the green alga Nephroselmis olivacea: Insights into the architecture of ancestral...
As shown in Table 3, all genes in the smallest segment delimited by the rRNA operons in Cyanophora and Guillardia cpDNAs, with ... Although the orientation of the Synechocystis IR is the same as that of Cyanophora, the pattern of gene partitioning in the ... Only the chloroplasts of Cyanophora have been shown to feature a peptidoglycan cell wall (23) and to contain a second gene ... To our surprise, close inspection of the patterns of gene partitioning in the IR-containing cpDNAs of Cyanophora and Guillardia ...
Glaucophyte - Wikipedia
Proteins matched: Photosynthetic reaction centre, L/M (IPR000484) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Preferential interaction of the his pause RNA hairpin with RNA polymerase β subunit residues 904-950 correlates with strong...
List of sequenced algae genomes - Wikipedia
"Cyanophora Genome v2 Project". cyanophora.rutgers.edu/cyanophora_v2018. Retrieved 2019-08-01. "Info - Asterochloris sp. Cgr/ ... "Cyanophora Genome Project". cyanophora.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-12. Price DC, Goodenough UW, Roth R, Lee JH, Kariyawasam ... February 2012). "Cyanophora paradoxa genome elucidates origin of photosynthesis in algae and plants". Science. 335 (6070): 843- ... August 2019). "Analysis of an improved Cyanophora paradoxa genome assembly". DNA Research. 26 (4): 289-299. doi:10.1093/dnares/ ...
Symbiosis: Mechanisms and Model Systems, Book by JOSEPH SECKBACH (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca
Roth R[au] - PubMed - NCBI
The Diversity of Plastid Form and Function | SpringerLink
Schenk HEA (1990) Cyanophora paradoxa: a short survey. In: Nardon P, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Greneir AM, Margulis L and Smith DC ... Schenk HEA (1994) Cyanophora paradoxa: anagenetic model or missing link of plastid evolution. Endocytobiosis Cell Res 10: 87- ... Kugrens P, Clay BL, Meyer CJ and Lee RE (1999) Ultrastruc-ture and description of Cyanophora biloba, sp., Nov., with additional ... L öffelhardt W, Bohnert HJ and Bryant DA (1997) The complete sequence of the Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelle genome. In: ...
Bioenergetic Processes of Cyanobacteria - From Evolutionary Singularity to Ecological Diversity | Guenter A. Peschek | Springer
Эукариоты - Википедия
Protist Diversity and Eukaryote Phylogeny | SpringerLink
Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation : speciation and morphogenesis (Book, 1991) [WorldCat.org]
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Peptidoglycan Fine Structure of the Radiotolerant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans Sark | Journal of Bacteriology
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PPT - Classification of Microorganisms PowerPoint Presentation - ID:5956615
10. Classification of Microorganisms. Taxonomy. Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms Provides universal names for organisms Provides a reference for identifying organisms. Taxonomy. Systematics or phylogeny : The study of the evolutionary history of organisms. Slideshow 5956615 by sonya-foley
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Bacterial Growth and Lysis, Metabolism and Structure of the Bacterial Sacculus by M.A.De Pedro | 9780306444012 | Booktopia
Putative Stage-specific Genes (p ≤ 0
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Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelle, NC_001675; Guil-lardia theta, NC_000926; Marchantia polymorpha, NC_001319; Mesostigma viride, NC_ ... Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelle, Guillardia theta, Marchantia polymorpha, Mesostigma viride, Nephroselmis olivacea, Nicotiana ... exhibit repetitive sequences that clearly are above the background level seen in Cyanophora paradoxa, Arabidopsis, and all ...
Genome5
- We analyzed draft genome and transcriptome data from the basally diverging alga Cyanophora paradoxa and provide evidence for a single origin of the primary plastid in the eukaryote supergroup Plantae. (harvard.edu)
- Since the genome of the cyanelle closely resembles that of chloroplasts, the results suggest that the cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa is an intermediate form between an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium and a chloroplast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- In a paper " Cyanophora paradoxa genome elucidates origin of photosynthesis in algae and plants" that appeared this week in the journal Science , an international team led by evolutionary biologist and Rutgers University professor Debashish Bhattacharya has shed light on the early events leading to photosynthesis, the result of the sequencing of 70 million base pair nuclear genome of the one-celled alga Cyanophora . (astrobio.net)
- In the world of plants, " Cyanophora is the equivalent to the lung fish, in that it maintains some primitive characteristics that make it an ideal candidate for genome sequencing," said Bhattacharya. (astrobio.net)
- Basic understanding of much of the subsequent evolution of eukaryotes , including the rise of plants and animals, is emerging from the sequencing of the Cyanophora paradoxa genome, a function-rich species that retains much of the ancestral gene diversity shared by algae and plants. (astrobio.net)
Glaucophyte4
- Cyanophora paradoxa is a freshwater species of Glaucophyte that is used as a model organism. (wikipedia.org)
- Here we report the crystal structures of the catalytic domains of SSIV from Arabidopsis thaliana , of GBSS from the cyanobacterium CLg1 and GBSSI from the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa , with all three bound to ADP and the inhibitor acarbose. (rcsb.org)
- Smith, D. R., Jackson, C. J., Reyes-Prieto, A. 2014 Nucleotide substitution analyses of the glaucophyte Cyanophora suggest an ancestrally lower mutation rate in plastid vs mitochondrial DNA for the Archaeplastida. (go.jp)
- Nucleotide substitution analyses from distinct isolates of the unicellular glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa reveal 4-5-fold lower rates of mutation in the plastid and nucleus than the mitochondrion, which is similar to the mutational pattern observed in red algae and haptophytes, but opposite to that of seed plants. (jove.com)
Glaucocystophyte1
- 2000). We augment the earlier studies by using a data set of 14 taxa: 6 land plants, 2 green algae, a diatom, 2 red algae and a cryptophyte, the cyanelle of the glaucocystophyte Cyanophora, and the blue-green alga Synechocystis as an outgroup. (nih.gov)
Korshikov1
- Cyanophora paradoxa Korshikov, 1924. (wikipedia.org)
Cyanelle Peptidoglycan1
- Structural characterization of the cyanelle peptidoglycan of Cyanophora paradoxa by 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment/tandem mass. (naver.com)
Phylogenetic implications1
- The cyanelle str operon from Cyanophora paradoxa: sequence analysis and phylogenetic implications. (pills2021.com)
Cyanelles2
- Transketolase from Cyanophora paradoxa: in vitro import into cyanelles and pea chloroplasts and a complex history of a gene often, but not always, transferred in the context of secondary endosymbiosis. (semanticscholar.org)
- Glycolate oxidase (GO) has been identified in the endocyanom Cyanophora paradoxa which has peroxisome-like organelles and cyanelles instead of chloroplasts. (plantphysiol.org)
Species2
- World Register of Marine Species at Cyanophora paradoxa on 2016-06-15 Lee, Robert Edward (2008). (wikipedia.org)
- Drawing the tree of eukaryotic life based on the analysis of 2,269 manually annotated myosins from 328 species » (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
Organisms3
- In contrast to GO from pea or other organisms, the affinity of Cyanophora GO for l -lactate is very low ( K m 25 millimolar). (plantphysiol.org)
- It is concluded that there is considerable inhomogeneity among the glycolate-oxidizing enzymes from Cyanophora , pea, and other organisms. (plantphysiol.org)
- In the master thesishe concentrated on unicellular organisms using the archaic algae Cyanophora paradoxa as a model organism and investigated protein transport within plastids as well as the evolution of two components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, Cytochrome c6 and PsbP. (mba.ac.uk)
Reductase1
- It is proposed that Cyanophora has multiple forms of HPR and glyoxylate reductase, but no enzyme clearly resembling leaf peroxisomal HPR was identified in these homogenates. (plantphysiol.org)
Genes1
- Gain and loss of elongation factor genes in green algae » (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
Plastid1
- Phylogeny and Classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Nuclear and Plastid-encoded rRNA Operons» (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
- These proteins include, the Escherichia coli and related bacteria cell division protein ftsW and the rod shape-determining protein rodA (or mrdB), the Bacillus subtilis stage V sporulation protein E (spoVE), the B. subtilis hypothetical proteins ywcF and ylaO and the Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelle ftsW homolog. (ebi.ac.uk)
Classification1
- Fensome , Robert A. «The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists» (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
Origin1
- Lewis, L. A & R. M. McCourt « Green algae and the origin of land plants » (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
Analysis3
- Gene expression analysis of Cyanophora paradoxa reveals conserved abiotic stress responses between basal algae and flowering plants. (mpg.de)
- Kim E, Graham LE « EEF2 analysis challenges the monophyly of Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata » (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
- EST analysis of the scaly green flagellate Mesostigma viride (Streptophyta): implications for the evolution of green plants (Viridiplantae) » (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
- The specific catalase activity in Cyanophora was only one-tenth of that in leaves. (plantphysiol.org)
Green1
- Becker B « Function and evolution of the vacuolar compartment in green algae and land plants (Viridiplantae) » (en anglès). (wikipedia.org)
Paradoxa2
- Cyanophora paradoxa genome elucidates origin of photosynthesis in algae and plants. (monkeyshines.co.uk)
- sequence the genome of a glaucophyte, Cyanophora paradoxa in an attempt to gain sufficient data to convincingly confirm or refute the monophyly of Plantae. (monkeyshines.co.uk)