Cyanogen bromide. Medical search

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

A thermostable extracellular metalloendopeptidase containing four calcium ions. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) 3.4.24.27.

Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.

Enzymes that act at a free C-terminus of a polypeptide to liberate a single amino acid residue.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from 3-phospho-D-glycerate in the presence of ATP to yield 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate and ADP. EC 2.7.2.3.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.

Biologically active molecules which are covalently bound to the enzymes or binding proteins normally acting on them. Binding occurs due to activation of the label by ultraviolet light. These labels are used primarily to identify binding sites on proteins.

A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains.

A zinc containing enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the removal of the N-terminal amino acid from most L-peptides, particularly those with N-terminal leucine residues but not those with N-terminal lysine or arginine residues. This occurs in tissue cell cytosol, with high activity in the duodenum, liver, and kidney. The activity of this enzyme is commonly assayed using a leucine arylamide chromogenic substrate such as leucyl beta-naphthylamide.

A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

Compounds that contain a 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl group.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

A family of galactoside hydrolases that hydrolyze compounds with an O-galactosyl linkage. EC 3.2.1.-.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms.

A colorless inorganic compound (HONH2) used in organic synthesis and as a reducing agent, due to its ability to donate nitric oxide.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A system of universal human blood group isoantigens with many associated subgroups. The M and N traits are codominant and the S and s traits are probably very closely linked alleles, including the U antigen. This system is most frequently used in paternity studies.

Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.

Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).

Analogs and derivatives of atropine.

COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.

Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.

A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, comprising bread molds. They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The heparin/heparan sulfate-binding site on apo-serum amyloid A. Implications for the therapeutic intervention of amyloidosis. (1/1543)

Serum amyloid A isoforms, apoSAA1 and apoSAA2, are apolipoproteins of unknown function that become major components of high density lipoprotein (HDL) during the acute phase of an inflammatory response. ApoSAA is also the precursor of inflammation-associated amyloid, and there is strong evidence that the formation of inflammation-associated and other types of amyloid is promoted by heparan sulfate (HS). Data presented herein demonstrate that both mouse and human apoSAA contain binding sites that are specific for heparin and HS, with no binding for the other major glycosaminoglycans detected. Cyanogen bromide-generated peptides of mouse apoSAA1 and apoSAA2 were screened for heparin binding activity. Two peptides, an apoSAA1-derived 80-mer (residues 24-103) and a smaller carboxyl-terminal 27-mer peptide of apoSAA2 (residues 77-103), were retained by a heparin column. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the CNBr-generated 27-mer also bound heparin, and by substituting or deleting one or more of its six basic residues (Arg-83, His-84, Arg-86, Lys-89, Arg-95, and Lys-102), their relative importance for heparin and HS binding was determined. The Lys-102 residue appeared to be required only for HS binding. The residues Arg-86, Lys-89, Arg-95, and Lys-102 are phylogenetically conserved suggesting that the heparin/HS binding activity may be an important aspect of the function of apoSAA. HS linked by its carboxyl groups to an Affi-Gel column or treated with carbodiimide to block its carboxyl groups lost the ability to bind apoSAA. HDL-apoSAA did not bind to heparin; however, it did bind to HS, an interaction to which apoA-I contributed. Results from binding experiments with Congo Red-Sepharose 4B columns support the conclusions of a recent structural study which found that heparin binding domains have a common spatial distance of about 20 A between their two outer basic residues. Our present work provides direct evidence that apoSAA can associate with HS (and heparin) and that the occupation of its binding site by HS, and HS analogs, likely caused the previously reported increase in amyloidogenic conformation (beta-sheet) of apoSAA2 (McCubbin, W. D., Kay, C. M., Narindrasorasak, S., and Kisilevsky, R. (1988) Biochem. J. 256, 775-783) and their amyloid-suppressing effects in vivo (Kisilevsky, R., Lemieux, L. J., Fraser, P. E., Kong, X., Hultin, P. G., and Szarek, W. A. (1995) Nat. Med. 1, 143-147), respectively. (+info)

The amino acid sequence of rabbit cardiac troponin I. (2/1543)

The complete amino acid sequence of troponin I from rabbit cardiac muscle was determined by the isolation of four unique CNBr fragments, together with overlapping tryptic peptides containing radioactive methionine residues. Overlap data for residues 35-36, 93-94 and 140-145 are incomplete, the sequence at these positions being based on homology with the sequence of the fast-skeletal-muscle protein. Cardiac troponin I is a single polypeptide chain of 206 residues with mol.wt. 23550 and an extinction coefficient, E 1%,1cm/280, of 4.37. The protein has a net positive charge of 14 and is thus somewhat more basic than troponin I from fast-skeletal muscle. Comparison of the sequences of troponin I from cardiac and fast skeletal muscle show that the cardiac protein has 26 extra residues at the N-terminus which account for the larger size of the protein. In the remainder of sequence there is a considerable degree of homology, this being greater in the C-terminal two-thirds of the molecule. The region in the cardiac protein corresponding to the peptide with inhibitory activity from the fast-skeletal-muscle protein is very similar and it seems unlikely that this is the cause of the difference in inhibitory activity between the two proteins. The region responsible for binding troponin C, however, possesses a lower degree of homology. Detailed evidence on which the sequence is based has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50072 (20 pages), at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7QB, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained on the terms given in Biochem. J. (1976) 153, 5. (+info)

The primary structure of the parvalbumin II of pike (Esox lucius). (3/1543)

The amino acid sequence of the parvalbumin II of the pike is reported. The protein has a molecular weight of 11 435. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of 107 amino acid residues with an acetyl group blocking the N-terminus and an alanine residue at the C-terminus. The molecule has been enzymically cleaved by trypsin, thermolysin and by the protease of the Staphylococcus aureus strain V8. Chemical cleavages make use of the CNBr reaction and of the sulfocyanoethylation method. The comparison of this amino acid sequence with that of the parvalbumin III of the pike indicates that these two homologous proteins belong respectively to two different subgroups derived from an early gene duplication of an ancestral gene at least prior to the differentiation of the Osteichthyes. (+info)

Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the Escherichia coli thioredoxin-C' fragment complementation system. (4/1543)

Escherichia coli thioredoxin was cleaved with CNBr at its single Met residue at position 37, which lies in the middle of a long alpha-helix. The two fragments, 1-37 and 38-108, were purified and characterized by using CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both fragments lack structure at neutral pH and room temperature. The secondary and tertiary structural contents of the non-covalent complex formed on the mixing of the two peptide fragments are 47% and 35% of the intact protein respectively. The thermodynamics and kinetics of fragment association were characterized by titration calorimetry and stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. Single phases were observed for both association and dissociation, with rate constants at 298 K of kon=4971+/-160 M-1.s -1 and koff=0. 063+/-0.009 s-1 respectively. The ratio kon/koff was very similar to the binding constant determined by titration calorimetry, suggesting that binding is a two-state process. The values for DeltaCp, DeltaH0 and DeltaG0 at 298 K for dissociation of the complex were 5.7 kJ. mol-1.K-1, 45.3 kJ.mol-1 and 29.8 kJ.mol-1 respectively. The value for DeltaH0 was linearly dependent on temperature from 8-40 degrees C, suggesting that DeltaCp is independent of temperature. The values for DeltaCp and DeltaG0 are very similar to the corresponding values for the unfolding of intact thioredoxin at 25 degrees C. However, both DeltaH0 and DeltaS are significantly more positive for dissociation of the complex, suggesting a decreased hydrophobic stabilization of the complex relative to the situation for intact thioredoxin. (+info)

Oxidative refolding of recombinant prochymosin. (5/1543)

The disulphide-coupled refolding of recombinant prochymosin from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies was investigated. Prochymosin solubilized from inclusion bodies is endowed with free thiol groups and disulphide bonds. This partially reduced form undergoes renaturation more efficiently than the fully reduced form, suggesting that some native structural elements existing in inclusion bodies and remaining after denaturation function as nuclei to initiate correct refolding. This assumption is supported by the finding that in the solubilized prochymosin molecule the cysteine residues located in the N-terminal domain of the protein are not incorrectly paired with the other cysteines in the C-terminal domain. Addition of GSH/GSSG into the refolding system facilitates disulphide rearrangement and thus enhances renaturation, especially for the fully reduced prochymosin. Based on the results described in this and previous papers [Tang, Zhang and Yang (1994) Biochem. J. 301, 17-20], a model to depict the refolding process of prochymosin is proposed. Briefly, the refolding process of prochymosin consists of two stages: the formation and rearrangement of disulphide bonds occurs at the first stage in a pH11 buffer, whereas the formation and adjustment of tertiary structure leading to the native conformation takes place at the second stage at pH8. The pH11 conditions help polypeptides to refold in such a way as to favour the formation of native disulphide bonds. Disulphide rearrangement, the rate-limiting step during refolding, can be achieved by thiol/disulphide exchange initiated by free thiol groups present in the prochymosin polypeptide, GSH/GSSG or protein disulphide isomerase. (+info)

Characterization of the myosin light chain kinase from smooth muscle as an actin-binding protein that assembles actin filaments in vitro. (6/1543)

In addition to its kinase activity, myosin light chain kinase has an actin-binding activity, which results in bundling of actin filaments [Hayakawa et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199, 786-791, 1994]. There are two actin-binding sites on the kinase: calcium- and calmodulin-sensitive and insensitive sites [Ye et al., J. Biol. Chem. 272, 32182-32189, 1997]. The calcium/calmodulin-sensitive, actin-binding site is located at Asp2-Pro41 and the insensitive site is at Ser138-Met213. The cyanogen bromide fragment, consisting of Asp2-Met213, is furnished with both sites and is the actin-binding core of myosin light chain kinase. Cross-linking between the two sites assembles actin filaments into bundles. Breaking of actin-binding at the calcium/calmodulin-sensitive site by calcium/calmodulin disassembles the bundles. (+info)

A study of renaturation of reduced hen egg white lysozyme. Enzymically active intermediates formed during oxidation of the reduced protein. (7/1543)

The material obtained from reduced hen egg white lysozyme after complete air oxidation at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees has yielded, by gel filtration on a Bio-Gel P-30 column, enzymically active species and an enzymically inactive form which eluted sooner than the active species but later than expected for a dimer of lysozyme. Reduced lysozyme also elutes at the same position as this inactive material. Examination of the fragments produced on CNBr cleavage of the inactive form indicates that at least 24% of the population contains incorrect disulfide bonds involving half-cystine residues 6, 30, 115, and 127. Tryptophan fluorescence and the intrinsic viscosity of the inactive form show an enlarged molecular domain with a disordered conformation. The yield of the inactive form increases as the oxidation of reduced lysozyme is accelerated using cupric ion. In the presence of 4 X 10(-5) M cupric ion, reduced lysozyme forms almost quantitatively the inactive form, which is almost completely converted to the native form by sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange catalyzed by thiol groups of either reduced lysozyme or beta-mercaptoethanol. The material trapped by alkylation of the free sulfhydryl groups with [1-14C]iodoacetic acid during the early stage of air oxidation of reduced lysozyme was fractionated by gel filtration to permit separation of the active species from the inactive form. Ion exchange chromatography of the active species yielded completely renatured lysozyme and three major enzymically active radioactive derivatives. Two of these derivatives contained approximately 2 mol of S-carboxymethylcysteine. Isolation and characterization of radioactive tryptic peptides from each of the three active forms, permitted the identification of Cys 6 and Cys 127, Cys 76 and 94, and Cys 80 as the sulfhydryl groups alkylated in these three incompletely oxidized, partially active forms. Thus, it appears that the interatomic interactions maintaining the compact three-dimensional structure of native lysozyme are operational even when one of these three native disulfide bonds between Cys 6 and Cys 127, Cys 76 and Cys 94, and Cys 64 and 80 is open. (+info)

Hydrophobic photolabeling as a new method for structural characterization of molten globule and related protein folding intermediates. (8/1543)

Recent advances in attempts to unravel the protein folding mechanism have indicated the need to identify the folding intermediates. Despite their transient nature, in a number of cases it has been possible to detect and characterize some of the equilibrium intermediates, for example, the molten globule (MG) state. The key features of the MG state are retention of substantial secondary structure of the native state, considerable loss of tertiary structure leading to increased hydrophobic exposure, and a compact structure. NMR, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopies have been most useful in characterizing such intermediates. We report here a new method for structural characterization of the MG state that involves probing the exposed hydrophobic sites with a hydrophobic photoactivable reagent--2[3H]diazofluorene. This carbene-based reagent binds to hydrophobic sites, and on photolysis covalently attaches itself to the neighboring amino acid side chains. The reagent photolabels alpha-lactalbumin as a function of pH (3-7.4), the labeling at neutral pH being negligible and maximal at pH 3. Chemical and proteolytic fragmentation of the photolabeled protein followed by peptide sequencing permitted identification of the labeled residues. The results obtained indicate that the sequence corresponding to B (23-34) and C (86-98) helix of the native structure are extensively labeled. The small beta-domain (40-50) is poorly labeled, Val42 being the only residue that is significantly labeled. Our data, like NMR data, indicate that in the MG state of alpha-lactalbumin, the alpha-domain has a greater degree of persistent structure than the beta-domain. However, unlike the NMR method, the photolabeling method is not limited by the size of the protein and can provide information on several new residues, for example, Leu115. The current method using DAF thus allows identification of stable and hydrophobic exposed regions in folding intermediates as the reagent binds and on photolysis covalently links to these regions. (+info)

Cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide each trimerize at elevated temperatures over a carbon catalyst. The chloride gives ... Morris, Joel; Kovács, Lajos; Ohe, Kouichi (2015). "Cyanogen Bromide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. pp. 1-8. ... Joel Morris; Lajos Kovács (2008). "Cyanogen Bromide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X. ... Like the chloride, it undergoes ab exothermic trimerisation to form cyanuric bromide. This reaction is catalyzed by traces of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimer_(chemistry)

The von Braun reaction is an organic reaction in which a tertiary amine reacts with cyanogen bromide to an organocyanamide. An ... the trimethylamine reacts with the cyanogen bromide to form a quaternary ammonium salt, which in the next step reacts by ... "The Von Braun Cyanogen Bromide Reaction". Organic Reactions. 7 (4): 198-262. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or007.04. ISBN 0471264180. ... most chemist have replaced cyanogen bromide reagent with chloroethyl chloroformate reagent instead. It appears as though ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Braun_reaction

Characterization of disulfide-containing cyanogen-bromide fragments". Eur. J. Biochem. 77 (3): 595-610. doi:10.1111/j.1432- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinogen_beta_chain

Cyanogen bromide peptides and complete amino acid sequence". J. Biol. Chem. 255 (13): 6412-20. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43754- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGK1

I. Amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide peptides". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 255 (7): 2878-85. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruloplasmin

1-Naphthylamine is reacted with cyanogen bromide to give 2. Treatment of this intermediate with 3-ethyl-N-methylaniline leads ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptiganel

Cyanogen bromide cleavage and N-terminal sequences of the fragments". The Biochemical Journal. 215 (3): 565-71. doi:10.1042/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_component_1s

Cusumano CL, Taniuchi H, Anfinsen CB (1968). "Staphylococcal nuclease (Foggi strain). I. Order of cyanogen bromide fragments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrococcal_nuclease

For example, cyanogen bromide cleaves the peptide bond after a methionine. Similar methods may be used to specifically cleave ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis

This is formed by a reaction between BPA and cyanogen bromide. Examples include BT-Epoxy, which is one of a number of resins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_A

Examples of cleaving agents used are cyanogen bromide, pepsin, and trypsin. Muller, P. (1 January 1994). "Glossary of terms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_cleavage

Amino acid sequence of heavy-chain cyanogen bromide fragments H1-H4". Biochemistry. 9 (16): 3161-70. doi:10.1021/bi00818a008. ... 8. Amino acid sequence of heavy-chain cyanogen bromide fragments H5-H7". Biochemistry. 9 (16): 3171-81. doi:10.1021/bi00818a009 ... the cyanogenbromide cleavage products, and the disulfide bridges (author's transl)]". Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 357 (11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGHG1

Isolation of cyanogen bromide peptides: complete covalent structure of the polypeptide chain". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptopain

... cyanogen bromide fragment of human thyroglobulin". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 320 (1): 96-105. doi:10.1006/abbi. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroglobulin

The racemic synthesis involves addition/cyclization reaction of 2-amino-1-phenylethanol with cyanogen bromide. A similar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminorex

Treatment of that with cyanogen bromide under von Braun reaction conditions leads to the isolable aminocyanide. This is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conorfone

Smith M, Ratledge C, Crook S (1990). "Properties of cyanogen bromide-activated, Agarose-immobilized catechol 1,2-dioxygenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol_1,2-dioxygenase

Homoserine lactone is also a product of the proteolytic reaction of cyanogen bromide (CNBr) with a methionine residue. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acyl_homoserine_lactone

Modifications have shown that it is possible to use sodium cyanide or cyanogen bromide in place of hydrogen cyanide. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattermann_reaction

Cacodyl Cyanogen bromide Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine Diphenylcyanoarsine Mercury(II) cyanide Mercury oxycyanide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacodyl_cyanide

Digestion is done either by endopeptidases such as trypsin or pepsin or by chemical reagents such as cyanogen bromide. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_sequencing

Green PR, Vanaman TC, Modrich P, Bell RM (1983). "Partial NH2- and COOH-terminal sequence and cyanogen bromide peptide analysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol-3-phosphate_O-acyltransferase

... , or its lactone form, is the product of a cyanogen bromide cleavage of a peptide by degradation of methionine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoserine

Lux SE, John KM, Ronan R, Brewer HB (Dec 1972). "Isolation and characterization of the tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_A-II

Seyer JM, Kang AH (1989). "Covalent structure of collagen: amino acid sequence of three cyanogen bromide-derived peptides from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_V,_alpha_1

The cyanogen bromide, by comparison, transformed norephedrine into the cis isomer and norpseudoephedrine into the trans isomers ... The cyanate reaction proceeds differently from the cyanogen bromide and transforms norephedrine into trans-4-methylaminorex ... such as replacing cyanogen bromide with sodium or potassium cyanate to form an intermediate and then reacting it with ... generally synthesized from dl-phenylpropanolamine in one step by cyclization with cyanogen bromide (sometimes prepared in situ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Methylaminorex

The use of cyanogen bromide for pyridine activation was independently reported by W. König: The synthesis and utility of Zincke ... A variation of the Zincke reaction has been applied in the synthesis of novel indoles: with cyanogen bromide mediated pyridine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zincke_aldehyde

More recently, it has become much more commonplace to use ethyl chloroformate instead of cyanogen bromide for the Von Braun ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalorphine

Common activation chemistries include cyanogen bromide (CNBr) activation and reductive amination of aldehydes to attach ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepharose

Reduction of the nitro group leads to the aniline and reaction of this with cyanogen bromide possibly gives cyanamide 3 as the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagrelide

More commonly encountered in the laboratory is the related compound cyanogen bromide, a room-temperature solid that is widely ... It is a linear molecule, as are the related cyanogen halides (NCF, NCBr, NCI). Cyanogen chloride is produced by the oxidation ... Cyanogen chloride is a molecule with the connectivity Cl−C≡N. Carbon and chlorine are linked by a single bond, and carbon and ... Cyanogen chloride is slowly hydrolyzed by water at neutral pH to release cyanate and chloride ions: ClCN + H 2 O ⟶ NCO − + Cl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanogen_chloride

3 Cyanogen bromide - BrCN Cyanogen chloride - ClCN Cyanogen iodide - ICN Cyanogen - (CN)2 Cyanuric chloride - C3Cl3N3 Cyanogen ... bromide - FeBr2 Iron(III) bromide - FeBr3 Lead(II) bromide - PbBr2 Lithium bromide - LiBr Magnesium bromide - MgBr2 Mercury(I) ... NaBrO4 Thionyl bromide - SOBr2 Tin(II) bromide - SnBr2 Zinc bromide - ZnBr2 Cadmium arsenide - Cd3As2 Cadmium bromide - CdBr2 ... BrF Calcium bromide - CaBr2 Carbon tetrabromide - CBr4 Copper(I) bromide - CuBr Copper(II) bromide - CuBr2 Hydrobromic acid - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds

... with cyanogen bromide mediated pyridine activation. In 2006 and again in 2007 the Zincke reaction was rediscovered by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zincke_reaction

... can be stored under dry conditions at 2 to 8 °C for extended periods. Cyanogen bromide is volatile, and ... "Cyanogen Bromide HSDB 708". HSDB. NIH / NLM. 2009-04-07. Lunn, G.; Sansone, E. B. (1985). "Destruction of Cyanogen Bromide and ... "Cyanogen Bromide MSDS Number: C6600". J. T. Baker. 1996-08-12. Teeri, A. E. (1948). "Thiamine and the Cyanogen Bromide Reaction ... Like some other cyanogen compounds, cyanogen bromide undergoes an exothermic trimerisation to cyanuric bromide ((BrCN)3). This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanogen_bromide

... chlorine or cyanogen bromide. The gas attacks stopped for three weeks after the Six-Day War of June, but resumed on July, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War

Sequence of the major cyanogen bromide-cleavage peptide (CB-II) and completion of the sequence of the Bb fragment". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_factor_B

Hundreds of thousands of tons of chemical agents, such as sulphur mustard, cyanogen chloride and arsine oil, were disposed of ... when Germany fired 18,000 artillery shells containing liquid xylyl bromide tear gas on Russian positions on the Rawka River, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I

... chloride or cyanogen bromide. The gas attacks stopped for three weeks after the Six-Day War of June, but resumed in July, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction

Such alkali metal bromides include cesium bromide. Filamentous carbon can also be synthesized by decomposing chromium carbide ... Filamentous carbon has been known since at least 1890, when P. and L. Schützenberger observed it while passing cyanogen over ... However, the addition of potassium bromide significantly increased the yield. Other alkali metal bromides also allow the ... "Growth of Filamentous Carbon from the Surface of Ni/SiO2 Doped with Alkali Metal Bromides". Journal of Colloid and Interface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamentous_carbon

... chloride or cyanogen bromide. Evidence points to a top-secret Rhodesian program in the 1970s to use organophosphate pesticides ... "Cyanogen chloride (CK): Systemic Agent , NIOSH , CDC". 9 July 2021. "Characteristics and Employment of Ground Chemical ... Germany used another irritant, xylyl bromide, in artillery shells that were fired in January 1915 at the Russians near Bolimów ... a cyanogen chloride (CK)-filled warhead for the 2.36-in rocket launcher. CK, a deadly blood agent, was capable of penetrating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chemical_warfare

Conversely, the chloride ion is a weaker reducing agent than bromide, but a stronger one than fluoride. It is intermediate in ... Some pseudohalides of chlorine are also known, such as cyanogen chloride (ClCN, linear), chlorine cyanate (ClNCO), chlorine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

1972). "Isolation and partial characterization of the cyanogen bromide fragments of 1 -acid glycoprotein and the elucidation of ... the amino acid sequence of the carboxyl-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment". Biochemistry. 11 (20): 3817-29. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORM1

The azidotetrazolate ion can be made from cyanogen bromide and sodium azide in water: BrCN + 2NaN3 → N4CN3− + Na+ + NaBr ... Marsh, F. D. (September 1972). "Cyanogen azide". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 37 (19): 2966-2969. doi:10.1021/jo00984a012 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azidotetrazolate

... be synthesised at below room temperature from the reaction of sodium azide with either cyanogen chloride or cyanogen bromide, ... Cyanogen azide, N3CN or CN4, is an azide compound of carbon and nitrogen which is an oily, colourless liquid at room ... Cyanogen azide is a primary explosive, although it is far too unstable for practical use as an explosive and is extremely ... Goldsmith, Derek (2001). "Cyanogen azide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. E-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanogen_azide

PMID 16218614.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) a) Starting from phenol reaction with cyanogen bromide ... A phase transfer catalyst, for instance benzyltriethylammonium bromide, facilitates the migration of the hydroxide in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichlorocarbene

Cyanogen fluoride Cyanogen chloride Cyanogen bromide Cyanogen iodide C.R. Noller (2013), Lehrbuch der Organischen Chemie (in ... in particular cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide, are important starting materials for the incorporation of the cyanogen ... It has been suggested that cyanogen chloride be used by the military as poison gas. Cyanogen bromide is a solid that is ... A cyanogen halide is a molecule consisting of cyanide and a halogen. Cyanogen halides are chemically classified as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanogen_halide

Isolation and characterization of cyanogen bromide peptides of rice α-globulin and purification and characterization of the 12K ... Isolation and characterization of cyanogen bromide peptides of rice α-globulin and purification and characterization of the 12K ...

https://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/22500

Alfa-amylase showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 Cyanogen bromide was prepared and was used to activate sephadex G200 at pH 11.5 ... The volume of the cyanogen bromide activated gel, at this pH decreased by about 50 percent, compared to that of the unactivated ... Alfa-amylase was coupled to cyanogen bromide activated Sephadex G200 at pH8.3 and 7.0. Coupling of the enzyme led to further ... ATTYGALLE, AB, Studies on immobilization of alfa- amylase to cyanogen bromide activated sephadex g 200, University of Sri Lanka ...

http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/129782

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) mapping * Thermal stability studies An analysis of the amino acid composition of collagens may be ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1256726-196684/what-is-the-role-of-lab-tests-in-the-workup-of-osteogenesis-imperfecta-oi

Cyanogen bromide. Diethyl sulfide. Hydrocyanic acid. Iodine pentafluoride. Kendalite. Magnesium arsenide. Martonite. ... Cyanogen chloride. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate. Dimethyldisulfide. Dimethyl methylphosphonate. Diphenylchlorarsine. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/springvalley/tech_assist_010898.html

Primary structure of murine major histocompatibility alloantigens: amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide fragment Ia ( ... Primary structure of murine major histocompatibility alloantigens: amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide fragment Ia ( ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71505969

Exposure to cyanogen chloride (CK) can be rapidly fatal. ... Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a highly volatile and toxic chemical ... Xie YF, Reckhow Da [1993]. A rapid and simple analytical method for cyanogen chloride and cyanogen-bromide in drinking-water. ... Cancho B, Ventura F, Galceran MT [2000]. Simultaneous determination of cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide in treated water ... Water: Cyanogen chloride (CK) can be used to contaminate water.. *Food: Cyanogen chloride (CK) can be used to contaminate food. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750039.html

Cyanogen bromide (CBrN). *Heptane, hexadecafluoro- (C7F16). *Benzene, pentafluoromethyl- (C7H3F5) ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Source=1984BOU%2FFRI972C&Units=SI&Mask=1A8F

... and dander coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated cellulose beads. A sample was considered positive if the binding to the ... Cyanogen; Bromides; Cellulose; Albumin; Statistical analysis; Questionnaires; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory system ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=711&RecNo=7110&View=f&

Bell, J., Duhon, S., and Doctor, V. M. The effect of fucoidan, heparin and cyanogen bromide-fibrinogen on the activation of ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/726.html

The amino acid sequence of staphylococcal protease has been determined by analysis of tryptic peptides obtained from cyanogen ... bromide fragments. Selected peptides obtained from digests with staphylococcal protease, thermolysin, and chymotrypsin provided ... and chymotrypsin provided the information necessary to align the tryptic peptides and the cyanogen bromide fragments. The ... acid sequence of staphylococcal protease has been determined by analysis of tryptic peptides obtained from cyanogen bromide ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/96922/

This coupling method provides several advantages over the traditional cyanogen bromide procedure:. *Maximum carbohydrate ...

https://vectorlabs.com/products/glycobiology/agarose-bound-wheat-germ-agglutinin

Cyanogen Bromide 33% * Dimerization 79% * G-Protein-Coupled Receptors 70% * Growth Factor Receptors 27% ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-peptide-agonist-acts-by-occupation-of-a-monomeric-g-protein-cou/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Y. Xie, D.A. Reckhow (1993) A Rapid and Simple Analytical Method for Cyanogen Chloride and Cyanogen Bromide in Drinking Water ... Y. Xie and C.J. Huang (2000) Analysis of Cyanogen Chloride and Cyanogen Bromide in Drinking Water in Encyclopedia of ... Qiwan Chai, Shujuan Zhang, Xiaomao Wang, Hongwei Yang, Yuefeng F. Xie, Effect of bromide on the transformation and genotoxicity ... An investigation from a non-bromide perspective, Water Research, 2018, 144:656-664.. ...

http://www.personal.psu.edu/yxx4/publicat.html

Quantification of aqueous cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide in environmental samples by MIMS ...

https://iwaponline.com/wst/crossref-citedby/9624

Linear Order of the Fragments Produced by Cleavage with Cyanogen Bromide Publication: American Society for Biochemistry and ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.format%5D%5B%5D=Text&f%5Bdrep2.subjectGenre%5D%5B%5D=Archival+Materials&f%5Bdrep2.subjectGenre%5D%5B%5D=Articles&f%5Bexample_query_facet_field%5D%5B%5D=years_1950&per_page=100&sort=drep3.titleSortForm+asc

In order to obtain the internal sequences, both P18 and P15 were cleaved with cyanogen bromide. Only P18 yielded sequence ... Portions of purified proteins were cleaved at the C terminus of internal methionine residues by cyanogen bromide in 70% formic ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/128/17/3339/41347/A-novel-C-type-lectin-regulating-cell-growth-cell?searchresult=1

... and its cyanogen bromide cleaved fragments examined by monoclonal antibodies and Western blotting. Arch Virol. 96:97-107, 1987 ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000008/p0000008.asp

Most studied and widely used activation reagent is Cyanogen bromide, tresyl chloride, carbodiimide, glutaraldehyde and ...

https://www.wepapers.com/samples/purification-of-antibodies-3-essays-example/

... such as cyanogen and cyanogen bromide).. A key sign of exposure to a blood agent is the breathing cycle is stimulated to such a ... Be aware that the cyanide agents (i.e. hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen, etc) can be absorbed through the skin although the primary ...

https://survivalblog.com/2011/05/24/a-guide-to-chemical-warfare-pr/

Never done an N-demethylation, cyanogen bromide sounds interesting and not too hard to prepare surely easier then BBr3 or ...

https://www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/viewthread.php?tid=70391

Failure to detect merchandise of thiol-disulfide change in cyanogen bromide or restricted acid digests of stabilized matrix ...

http://www.yhwh.com/experience/buy-cheap-sotalol-online/

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) is the most common method for preparing affinity chromatography to purify antibody because of its ... Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) is the most common method for preparing affinity chromatography to purify antibody because of its ... Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) is commonly used as a non-radioactive marker for identifying and visualizing nucleic acid bands in ... This colorimetric assay measures the reduction of yellow 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) by ...

http://www.abnova.com/abvideo/Antibody-Purification-Affinity.html

A novel reaction of cyanogen bromide with amino alcohols and amino ketones. 1966, Vol. 31, Issue 4, pp. 1752-1784 [Abstract] ... Synthesis of 1-azoniatricyclo-(3,3,3,0)-undecane bromide. 1954, Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp. 298-304 [Abstract] ...

http://cccc.uochb.cas.cz/18/3/0407/same_authors/

The amino acid sequence obtained from a cyanogen bromide digest was greater than 80% identical to nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/show_secondary.cgi?domain=NDK

Cyanogen bromide cation. [BrCN]+ (g). 1331.2. 1324.9. ± 1.1. kJ/mol. 105.9209 ±. 0.0013. 34749-77-4*0. ... Cyanogen bromide anion. [BrCN]- (g). 57.8. 54.2. ± 3.8. kJ/mol. 105.9220 ±. 0.0013. 54092-05-6*0. ... Cyanogen bromide. BrCN (g). 186.7. 180.1. ± 1.1. kJ/mol. 105.9214 ±. 0.0013. 506-68-3*0. ... Isocyanogen bromide anion. [BrNC]- (g). 105.0. 101.8. ± 4.6. kJ/mol. 105.9220 ±. 0.0013. *238754-53-5*0. ...

https://atct.anl.gov/Thermochemical%20Data/version%201.122e/species/?species_number=221

Cyanogen Bromide - Preferred Concept UI. M0005440. Scope note. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to ... Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=3508

Cyanogen bromide. 5.486. 5.824. -0.338. C2H4S. Thiirane. 6.588. 6.910. -0.322. ...

https://cccbdb.nist.gov/polcalccomp2x.asp?method=57&basis=18

B) Top: expected partial peptides of S100C/A11 cleaved by cyanogen bromide (for p0 and p2-4) or by cyanogen bromide followed by ... B) Top: expected partial peptides of S100C/A11 cleaved by cyanogen bromide (for p0 and p2-4) or by cyanogen bromide followed by ... After further purification by PAGE, the protein was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and the peptides were fractionated by HPLC. ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/163/4/825/33719/S100C-A11-is-a-key-mediator-of-Ca2-induced-growth

Bromine Cyanide Gold Leaching: Cyanogen Bromide. Although the bromo-cyanide or Diehl process for the extraction of gold from ...

https://www.911metallurgist.com/tag/907/

Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a highly volatile and toxic chemical asphyxiant that interferes with the body's ability to use oxygen. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to cyanogen chloride (CK) can be rapidly fatal. (cdc.gov)
Cyanogen chloride (CK) has strong irritant and choking effects. (cdc.gov)
Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a chemical warfare agent (military designation CK). (cdc.gov)
Indoor Air: Cyanogen chloride (CK) can be released into indoor air as a liquid spray (aerosol) or as a gas. (cdc.gov)
Water: Cyanogen chloride (CK) can be used to contaminate water. (cdc.gov)
Agricultural: If cyanogen chloride (CK) is released into the air as a liquid spray (aerosol), it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
If cyanogen chloride (CK) is released as a gas, it is highly unlikely to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
Cyanogen chloride (CK) can affect the body by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or eye contact. (cdc.gov)
the other is cyanogen chloride (NATO designation CK). (medscape.com)
The introduction of cyanogen chloride by the French in 1916 made available a compound that, being both more toxic and less volatile, was a more effective chemical agent. (medscape.com)
Cyanogen chloride is used in mining and metalworking, and thus may be involved in an industrial accident. (medscape.com)
1993. A rapid and simple analytical method for cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide in drinking water . (umass.edu)
The entered price of "Cyanogen chloride, liquid" per 9 ounces is equal to 4.99 . (aqua-calc.com)
Cyanogen chloride is a colorless gas or liquid with a strong acrid/pungent odor. (aqua-calc.com)

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) is the most common method for preparing affinity chromatography to purify antibody because of its simplicity and mild pH conditions. (abnova.com)

Alfa-amylase was coupled to cyanogen bromide activated Sephadex G200 at pH8.3 and 7.0. (who.int)
The serum samples were analyzed for total IgE content by a commercial radioimmunoassay (PRIST), and for specific IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using extracts of swine urine, serum, blood, and dander coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated cellulose beads. (cdc.gov)

Methyl bromide poisoning primarily occurs after inhalational exposure, but concurrent dermal exposure might also occur. (cdc.gov)
Detection of bromide below toxic levels does not rule out methyl bromide poisoning. (cdc.gov)

We tested two different chemical ligation agents, EDC ((1-[(3-dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide) and Cyanogen Bromide (BrCN). (sciencetrends.com)

The amino acid sequence of staphylococcal protease has been determined by analysis of tryptic peptides obtained from cyanogen bromide fragments. (nih.gov)
Selected peptides obtained from digests with staphylococcal protease, thermolysin, and chymotrypsin provided the information necessary to align the tryptic peptides and the cyanogen bromide fragments. (nih.gov)

The amyloid protein had a blocked N-terminus but deblocking and sequence analysis ofpeptides obtained after cyanogen bromide and BNPS-skctole cleavage provided an amino acid sequence conforming to positions 1 through 91 of dog SAA. (umn.edu)

An MT derivative containing an extra homoserine residue at the carboxy terminus was prepared by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the fused protein followed by a reverse-phase HPLC separation. (elsevier.com)

We offer a variety of amino acids coupled through the amino group to cyanogens bromide activated 4% beaded agarose. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-H+L affinitiy purified antibodies were coupled to agarose beads using a cyanogen bromide method. (abcam.cn)

One of the pyrimidines so obtained was further subjected to interactions with different reagents such as propionic acid, formic acid, ethyl chloroformate, acdetic anhydride, carbon disulphide, cyanogene bromide, triflauroacetic acid and ethyl chloroacetate which resulted in the formation of annulated heterocyclic systems as pairs of isomers in most cases as a result of Dimroth-type rearrangement. (kpubs.org)

Analysis of two cyanogen bromide fragments (CB14 and CB17) isolated from the intact molecule yielded the overlap between the light and heavy fragments and the remainder of the sequence. (unipr.it)

Methyl bromide is an ocular, dermal, and mucous membrane irritant. (cdc.gov)

Failure to detect merchandise of thiol-disulfide change in cyanogen bromide or restricted acid digests of stabilized matrix fibronectin. (yhwh.com)

Qiwan Chai, Shujuan Zhang, Xiaomao Wang, Hongwei Yang, Yuefeng F. Xie, Effect of bromide on the transformation and genotoxicity of octyl-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid during chlorination, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 324:626-633. (psu.edu)
Bothrops asper myotoxin II was cleaved with cyanogen bromide to determine the role of NH2-terminal amino acid residues in its ability to destabilize negatively charged liposomes and to induce myonecrosis. (ucr.ac.cr)

Detection of methyl bromide in environmental samples, as determined by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)

In addition, a number of cyanide-containing compounds, known as cyanogens, may release cyanide during metabolism. (medscape.com)

Health effects associated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation workers. (cdc.gov)
Methyl bromide intoxication during grain store fumigation. (cdc.gov)

however, detection of elevated bromide levels in serum (reference level: 50-100 mg/L) might indicate that an exposure has occurred. (cdc.gov)

A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for methyl bromide exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)

Compuesto utilizado e biología molecular para digerir algunas proteínas y como agente acoplante de puentes internucleotídicos fosforamidato o pirofosfato en los ADN de doble hebra. (bvsalud.org)

Kuan Z. Huang, Hao L. Tang, Yuefeng F. Xie, Impacts of shale gas production wastewater on disinfection byproduct formation: An investigation from a non-bromide perspective, Water Research, 2018, 144:656-664. (psu.edu)

These toxins have a structure that could probably be partially derived from the formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and cyanogen bromide reaction with other chemical contaminants in the vaccine. (drsergegregoire.com)

The volume of the cyanogen bromide activated gel, at this pH decreased by about 50 percent, compared to that of the unactivated Sephadex G200. (who.int)

ATTYGALLE, AB, Studies on immobilization of alfa- amylase to cyanogen bromide activated sephadex g 200, University of Sri Lanka (Colombo Campus) UC(MED), 1977: 50p. (who.int)

The serum samples were analyzed for total IgE content by a commercial radioimmunoassay (PRIST), and for specific IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using extracts of swine urine, serum, blood, and dander coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated cellulose beads. (cdc.gov)
The IgG fraction was isolated from serum, and when coupled to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose, could be used to purify tyrosine hydroxylase from crude extracts in a single step. (elsevier.com)

Sequence data were obtained after cyanogen bromide cleavage of this amino-terminally blocked peptide. (nih.gov)
Chemical cleavage with hydroxylamine and cyanogen bromide also revealed a similar pattern for liganded and unliganded AhR. (nih.gov)
Selective cleavage of the methionyl peptide bonds in ribonuclease with cyanogen bromide. (microbiologyresearch.org)
3) A technique was developed to monitor the extent of oxidation of the individual methionine residues in proteins, based on the observation that methionine in its sulphoxide form is resistant to cleavage by cyanogen bromide. (elsevier.com)
By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify and quantitate the partial breakdown products resulting from incomplete cyanogen bromide cleavage, an estimate of methionine oxidation was obtained. (elsevier.com)
The polypeptide chain of the highly purified nuclease was subjected to cleavage at its four methionyl bonds with cyanogen bromide. (nih.gov)

1993. A rapid and simple analytical method for cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide in drinking water . (umass.edu)

Methyl bromide poisoning primarily occurs after inhalational exposure, but concurrent dermal exposure might also occur. (cdc.gov)
Methyl bromide is an ocular, dermal, and mucous membrane irritant. (cdc.gov)
Detection of bromide below toxic levels does not rule out methyl bromide poisoning. (cdc.gov)
Detection of methyl bromide in environmental samples, as determined by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for methyl bromide exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
Health effects associated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation workers. (cdc.gov)
Methyl bromide intoxication during grain store fumigation. (cdc.gov)
Death and injury caused by methyl bromide-an insecticide fumigant. (cdc.gov)
Methyl bromide. (cdc.gov)

Kimura, M & Funatsu, G 1981, ' Amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment cb i from ala chain of ricin d ', Agricultural and Biological Chemistry , vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 265-275. (elsevier.com)

Cyanogen bromide digestion of the nuclease yielded five fragments, designated A, B, C, D, and E. These fragments have been purified and analyzed for amino acid composition. (nih.gov)

these toxins have a structure that could probably be partially derived from the formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and cyanogen bromide reaction with other chemical contaminants in the vaccine. (ageofautism.com)

The introduction of cyanogen chloride by the French in 1916 made available a compound that, being both more toxic and less volatile, was a more effective chemical agent. (medscape.com)

Various aromatic hydrazides were allowed to undergo cyclization to substituted oxadiazole-2- amines in the presence of cyanogen bromide and further condensed with different heterocyclic aldehydes to give new oxadiazole derivatives. (elsevier.com)