Carbon-Nitrogen Lyases
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
Carbamates
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Reactivity of cyanate with valine-1 (alpha) of hemoglobin. A probe of conformational change and anion binding. (1/258)
The 3-fold increase in the carbamylation rate of Val-1 (alpha) of hemoglobin upon deoxygenation described earlier is now shown to be a sensitive probe of conformational change. Thus, whereas this residue in methemoglobin A is carbamylated at the same rate as in liganded hemoglobin, upon addition of inositol hexaphosphate its carbamylation rate is enhanced 30% as much as the total change in the rate between the CO and deoxy states. For CO-hemoglobin Kansas in the presence of the organic phosphate, the relative increase in the carbamylation rate of this residue is about 50%. These results indicate that methemoglobin A and hemoglobin Kansas in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate do not assume a conformation identical with deoxyhemoglobin but rather form either a mixture of R and T states or an intermediate conformation in the region around Val-1 (alpha). Studies on the mechanism for the rate enhancement in deoxyhemoglobin suggest that the cyanate anion binds to groups in the vicinity of Val-1 (alpha) prior to proton transfer and carbamylation of this NH2-terminal residue. Thus, specific removal with carboxypeptidase B of Arg-141 (alpha), which is close to Val-1 (alpha) in deoxyhemoglobin, abolishes the enhancement in carbamylation. Chloride, which has the same valency as cyanate, is a better competitive inhibitor of the carbamylation of deoxyhemoglobin (Ki = 50 mM) compared with liganded hemoglobin. Nitrate and iodide are also effective inhibitors of the carbamylation of Val-1 (alpha) of deoxyhemoglobin (Ki = 35 mM); inorganic phosphate, sulfate, and fluoride are poor competitive inhibitors. The change in pKa of Val-1 (alpha) upon deoxygenation may be due to its differential interaction with chloride. (+info)Effect of chronic sodium cyanate administration on O2 transport and uptake in hypoxic and normoxic exercise. (2/258)
Systemic O2 transport during maximal exercise at different inspired PO2 (PIO2) values was studied in sodium cyanate-treated (CY) and nontreated (NT) rats. CY rats exhibited increased O2 affinity of Hb (exercise O2 half-saturation pressure of Hb = 27.5 vs. 42.5 Torr), elevated blood Hb concentration, pulmonary hypertension, blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and normal ventilatory response to exercise. Maximal rate of convective O2 transport was higher and tissue O2 extraction was lower in CY than in NT rats. The relative magnitude of these opposing changes, which determined the net effect of cyanate on maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max), varied at different PIO2: VO2 max (ml. min-1. kg-1) was lower in normoxia (72.8 +/- 1.9 vs. 81. 1 +/- 1.2), the same at 70 Torr PIO2 (55.4 +/- 1.4 vs. 54.1 +/- 1.4), and higher at 55 Torr PIO2 (48 +/- 0.7 vs. 40.4 +/- 1.9) in CY than in NT rats. The beneficial effect of cyanate on VO2 max at 55 Torr PIO2 disappeared when Hb concentration was lowered to normal. It is concluded that the effect of cyanate on VO2 max depends on the relative changes in blood O2 convection and tissue O2 extraction, which vary at different PIO2. Although uptake of O2 by the blood in the lungs is enhanced by cyanate, its release at the tissues is limited, probably because of a reduction in the capillary-to-tissue PO2 diffusion gradient secondary to the increased O2 affinity of Hb. (+info)Subchronic exposure to diisocyanates increases guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle responses to acetylcholine. (3/258)
OBJECTIVE: In order to study the threshold concentrations of isocyanates (IC) for induction of lung disorders, constrictive responses of tracheal smooth muscles to acetylcholine (ACH) in guinea pigs with and without diisocyanate [toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)] exposure were investigated. METHODS: An IC-induced increase in smooth muscle responsiveness was studied by measuring cumulative ACH dose responses (10(-10) to 10(-4) M ACH). Basal ACH dose-response curves, measured twice in intervals of 1 h using tracheal preparations of 11 guinea pigs previously not exposed to IC, were reproducible. RESULTS: Subchronic in vivo exposures to TDI, HDI, and MDI atmospheres of 10 and 20 parts per billion (ppb) on 5 consecutive days led to significantly (p < 0.05) increased ACH responsiveness of tracheal smooth muscle, whereas concentrations of 2.5 and 5 ppb were not effective. Exposure to HDI atmospheres of 10 ppb for 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks resulted in a time-dependent increase in ACH responses (p < 0.05) of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. Increased tracheal muscle responses to ACH were transient since tracheal preparations from animals exposed to 10 and 20 ppb MDI for 4 weeks and with an exposure-free interval of 8 weeks before preparation did not show enlarged ACH responses, which were present in preparations at the end of the exposure period (p < 0.05). Exposure to low IC concentrations as present in workplaces cause increased ACH responsiveness of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. The increased responsiveness of the airways seems to be largely reversible, since normal responses were found after 8 weeks of IC avoidance. CONCLUSION: Reversibility of IC-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is of great occupational and preventive medical importance. Workers with acquired airway hyperresponsiveness might escape lung damage if the changes are detected in an early stage before alterations in lung function are in a chronic stage. (+info)Bioactivation of cyanide to cyanate in sulfur amino acid deficiency: relevance to neurological disease in humans subsisting on cassava. (4/258)
Neurological disorders have been reported from parts of Africa with protein-deficient populations and attributed to cyanide (CN-) exposure from prolonged dietary use of cassava, a cyanophoric plant. Cyanide is normally metabolized to thiocyanate (SCN-) by the sulfur-dependent enzyme rhodanese. However, in protein-deficient subjects where sulfur amino acids (SAA) are low, CN may conceivably be converted to cyanate (OCN-), which is known to cause neurodegenerative disease in humans and animals. This study investigates the fate of potassium cyanide administered orally to rats maintained for up to 4 weeks on either a balanced diet (BD) or a diet lacking the SAAs, L-cystine and L-methionine. In both groups, there was a time-dependent increase in plasma cyanate, with exponential OCN- increases in SAA-deficient rats. A strongly positive linear relationship between blood CN- and plasma OCN- concentrations was observed in these animals. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that cyanate is an important mediator of chronic cyanide neurotoxicity during protein-calorie deficiency. The potential role of thiocyanate in cassava-associated konzo is discussed in relationship to the etiology of the comparable pattern of motor-system disease (spastic paraparesis) seen in lathyrism. (+info)Treatment of intradural paraclinoidal aneurysms. (5/258)
Intradural paraclinoidal aneurysm still presents conceptual confusion and technical surgical problems. The clinical features of 68 consecutive patients with paraclinoidal aneurysms were analyzed. The pterional approach was used in all patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occurred in 37 patients from the paraclinoidal aneurysm and in 10 patients from another associated aneurysm. Thirty-four of the 37 ruptured paraclinoidal aneurysms were clipped, two blister-like aneurysms required trapping, and one blister-like aneurysm was coated. Thirteen of the 31 unruptured paraclinoidal aneurysms, consisting of 10 with ruptured associated aneurysm, four symptomatic, and 17 incidental, were clipped and 18 were coated. Favorable outcomes were obtained in 38 of 47 patients with SAH and 17 of 21 patients without SAH. Nine unfavorable outcomes in SAH patients were caused by primary brain damage (5), vasospasm (2), cerebral infarction after trapping (1), and pneumonia (1). All four unfavorable outcomes in non-SAH patients were due to surgical procedures for giant aneurysms or associated basilar artery aneurysm. Removal of the anterior clinoid process was performed to secure the proximal neck in 15 patients with large or giant aneurysms. Multiple clips with or without fenestrated clips were required in all giant aneurysms, and exposure of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) in 17 giant or large aneurysms. Fenestrated clips were also useful for one small aneurysm projecting posteriorly. A favorable outcome was achieved in 17 of 19 patients undergoing coating. Coating without clipping might be better for some blister-like ICA aneurysms, even if ruptured. Paraclinoidal aneurysms can be clipped with favorable results using these techniques except for giant aneurysms and associated basilar artery aneurysm. (+info)Biological monitoring to assess exposure from use of isocyanates in motor vehicle repair. (6/258)
OBJECTIVES: To develop a method for the measurement of a metabolite of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), an isocyanate, and use it to assess the exposure of sprayers employed in motor vehicle repair shops. METHODS: Urine samples were taken from sprayers wearing personal protective equipment and spraying in booths or with local exhaust ventilation, from bystanders, and from unexposed subjects. Samples were analyzed for a metabolite of HDI, hexamethylene diamine (HDA), by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS: HDA was detected in four sprayers and one bystander out of 22 workers. No HDA was detected in the urine of unexposed subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to isocyanates still occurs despite the use of personal protective equipment and the use of a booth or extracted space. Health surveillance is likely to be required to provide feedback on the adequacy of controls even if such precautions are used and to identify cases of early asthma. Biological monitoring can provide a useful additional tool to assess exposure and the adequacy of controls in this group of exposed workers. (+info)Histological changes in the rat common carotid artery following simultaneous topical application of cotton sheet and cyanoacrylate glue. (7/258)
Histological changes in and around the arterial walls of rats were investigated following simultaneous topical application of cotton sheet and cyanoacrylate glue. The bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed using sterile techniques, and the test materials were applied to the right artery. The left artery served as a control. Changes in arterial histology were evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after surgery. Extensive inflammation consisting primarily of histiocytes and multinuclear giant cells was observed around the materials, but tended to decrease by 3 months. Necrosis in the media and fibrosis in the adventitia initially appeared around 2 weeks, and became advanced by 2-3 months. At 2-3 months, disruption of elastic fibers and marked fibrosis in the media were seen, and endothelial proliferation in the intima appeared. Intimal proliferation was observed at both the experimental and other sites of the vessels. The present results suggest that simultaneous use of the test materials can cause the arterial occlusive lesions observed following aneurysmal surgery. (+info)Exposure biomarkers and risk from gluing and heating of polyurethane: a cross sectional study of respiratory symptoms. (8/258)
OBJECTIVES: To define the relation between exposure to polyurethane (PUR) glue, biomarkers of exposure and effect, and work related symptoms that occur at least once a week. METHODS: In a cross sectional study, 152 workers and 14 clerks in a factory with exposure to sprayed and heated PUR glue containing 4, 4'-diphenylmethane (MDI) or 1,6-hexamethylene (HDI) di-isocyanate were examined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for metabolites of MDI in plasma (P-MDX) and urine (U-MDX), 2,4- and 2, 6-toluene di-isocyanate (TDI; P-TDX, U-TDX) and HDI in plasma and urine, specific serum IgG (S-IgG-MDI, S-IgG-HDI, and S-IgG-TDI, respectively) and IgE (S-IgE-MDI). Work related symptoms of the eyes and airways (nose or lower airways, or both), and lung function were also evaluated. RESULTS: P-MDX was detected in 65% of the workers, U-TDX in 47%, HDX in none. Three per cent were positive for S-IgE-MDI, 33% for S-IgG-MDI, 32% for S-IgG-TDI, and 12% for S-IgG-HDI. A few clerks had metabolites, and some had antibodies. Most metabolites and immunoglobulins were slightly correlated-for example, P-MDX v S-IgG-MDI: r(s)=0.21. Workers who heated glue had increased P-MDX (odds ratio (OR)=12 for a value above the median) and S-IgG-MDI (OR=3.7), sprayers P-2,4-TDX (OR=6.2) and P-2,6-TDX (OR=16). Twenty six per cent of the workers had work related symptoms of the airways, 21% from the nose, 11% from the lower airways. Spraying of glue increased the risk of work related symptoms and slightly decreased lung function. U-MDX was associated with work related symptoms from the airways (OR=3.7) and P-2,6-TDX with work related symptoms from the lower airways (OR=6.6). S-IgG-MDI was related to work related symptoms from the airways (OR=2.6). CONCLUSIONS: There were relations between exposures to sprayed and heated PUR glue based on MDI and HDI, concentrations of metabolites of MDI and TDI in plasma and urine, specific IgG serum antibodies against MDI, TDI, and HDI, and work related symptoms. (+info)
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Cyanate
Compounds that contain the group −O−C≡N, are known as a cyanates, or cyanate esters. Aryl cyanates such are phenyl cyanate, ... A cyanate ester is an organic compound containing the cyanate group. The cyanate ion is an ambidentate ligand, forming ... In N-bonded cyanate complexes the M−NCO unit sometimes has a linear structure, but with O-bonded cyanate the M−O−C unit is bent ... Sodium cyanate is isostructural with sodium fulminate, confirming the linear structure of the cyanate ion. It is made ...
Silver cyanate
... is the cyanate salt of silver. It can be made by the reaction of potassium cyanate with silver nitrate in ... with the cyanate ions perpendicular to that axis. Silver cyanate reacts with nitric acid to form silver nitrate, carbon dioxide ... analogous to the reaction used for the industrial production of sodium cyanate, may be used. Silver cyanate is a beige to gray ... 1965). 18, 424-428, doi:10.1107/S0365110X65000944 J. Milbauer: Bestimmung und Trennung der Cyanate, Cyanide, Rhodanide und ...
Ammonium cyanate
... is an inorganic compound with the formula [NH4]+[OCN]−. It is a colorless, solid salt. The structure of this ... Ammonium cation [NH4]+ forms hydrogen bonds with cyanate anion O=C=N−, but to N, not to O. The compound is notable as the ... Shorter, J. (1978). "The conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea. A saga on Reaction mechanisms". Chemical Society Reviews. 7 ... "Ammonium cyanate shows N-H···N hydrogen bonding, not N-H···O". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125: 14449-14451. doi: ...
Estrone cyanate
... , or estrone 3-O-cyanate, also known as estrocyanate, is an estrogen and an estrogen ester - specifically, the 3 ... cyanate ester of estrone - which was investigated for potential use in birth control pills but was found to be of relatively ... Cyanates, Estrogens, Estrone esters, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito-urinary system drug stubs). ...
Sodium cyanate
... is a useful reagent in producing asymmetrical urea derivatives that have a range of biological activity mostly ... Sodium cyanate is prepared industrially by the reaction of urea with sodium carbonate at elevated temperature. 2OC(NH2)2 + ... Sodium cyanate is an ideal nucleophile, and these nucleophilic properties make it a major contributor to the stereospecificity ... Cyanate Waddington, T.C. "Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)." 499. Lattice Parameters and Infrared Spectra of Some ...
Cyanate ester
The resulting product with a cyanate −OCN group is termed a cyanate ester. Cyanate esters based on a bisphenol or novolac ... Cyanate esters can also be mixed with bismaleimides to form BT-resins or with epoxy resins to optimize the end use properties. ... In chemistry, cyanate esters are chemical substances in which the hydrogen atom of the phenolic OH group is substituted by a ... Cyanate esters can be cured and postcured by heating, either alone at elevated temperatures or at lower temperatures in ...
Potassium cyanate
Veterinarians have also found potassium cyanate useful in that the cyanate salts and isocyanates can treat parasite diseases in ... The cyanate anion is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide and with the azide anion, being linear. The C-N distance is 121 pm, ... Potassium cyanate is often preferred to the sodium salt, which is less soluble in water and less readily available in pure form ... Potassium cyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula KOCN (sometimes denoted KCNO). It is a colourless solid. It is used ...
Tetraphenylarsonium chloride
... and Ammonium Cyanates and Cyanides". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 16. pp. 131-137. doi:10.1002/9780470132470. ...
Tetraethylammonium cyanide
... and Ammonium Cyanates and Cyanides". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 16. pp. 131-137. doi:10.1002/9780470132470. ...
Thiocarbamate
... as well as between thiols and cyanates. Alternatively, they arise by the reaction of amines with carbonyl sulfide. 2 R2NH + COS ...
Urea
Ammonium cyanate is urea." In fact, his second sentence was incorrect. Ammonium cyanate [NH4]+[OCN]− and urea CO(NH2)2 are two ... Urea can also be produced by heating ammonium cyanate to 60 °C. [NH4]+[OCN]− → (NH2)2CO Urea was first noticed by Herman ... Shorter, J. (1978). "The conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea-a saga in reaction mechanisms". Chemical Society Reviews. 7 ( ... Isocyanic acid HNCO and ammonia NH3 results from the thermal decomposition of ammonium cyanate [NH4]+[OCN]−, which is in ...
Potassium selenocyanate
E. Bulka (1977). "Selenocyanates and Related Compounds". In Saul Patai (ed.). Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives: Part 2, ...
Isocyanide dichloride
Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives: Part 2, Volume 2. PATAI'S Chemistry of Functional Groups. p. 619-818. doi:10.1002/ ...
Isocyanate
The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides ... 1977). Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives: Part 1, Volume 1. PATAI'S Chemistry of Functional Groups. doi:10.1002/9780470771525 ... 1977). Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives: Part 2, Volume 2. PATAI'S Chemistry of Functional Groups. doi:10.1002/9780470771532 ... Reinhard Richter, Henri Ulrich (1977). "Syntheses and Preparative Applications of Isocyanates". In Saul Patai (ed.). Cyanates ...
Organic thiocyanates
Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives: Part 2, Volume 2. PATAI'S Chemistry of Functional Groups. pp. 619-818. doi:10.1002/ ...
Organic selenocyanates
E. Bulka (1977). "Selenocyanates and Related Compounds". In Saul Patai (ed.). Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives: Part 2, ...
Homocitrulline
The metabolite is generated from a lysine residue after lysine reacts with cyanate. Cyanate is present in the human body in ... This enzyme converts thiocyanate to cyanate. Increased levels of cyanate can now carbamylate lysine residues. Myeloperoxidase ... 2001 Mar 24;131(11-12):139-4. Kraus LM, Elberger AJ, Handorf CR, Pabst MJ, Kraus AP Jr: Urea-derived cyanate forms epsilon- ... Myeloperoxidase can use SCN− as a cosubstrate together with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form cyanate. In patients with kidney ...
Amide
"Ueber einige Reaktionen der aromatischen Cyanate". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 18: 873-877. doi:10.1002/ ...
Ureas
Frederick Kurzer (1951). "Arylureas I. Cyanate Method p-Bromophenylurea". Org. Synth. 31: 8. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.031.0008. Roy ... NaCl The artificial sweetener dulcin is produced by the condensation of ethoxyaniline with potassium cyanate. Si(NCO)4 is also ... unsymmetrical primary ureas are generated by condensation of ammonium salts and alkali metal cyanates: Na+NCO− + [R2NH2]Cl → ( ...
Ozone
... can be used to detoxify cyanide wastes (for example from gold and silver mining) by oxidizing cyanide to cyanate and ... Ozone will also detoxify cyanides by converting them to cyanates. CN− + O3 → CNO− + O2 Ozone will also completely decompose ...
Nitrososphaera gargensis
As a chemolithoautotroph, Nitrososphaera gargensis performs aerobic oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and breaks down cyanate for ... "Cyanate as an Energy Source for Nitrifiers". Nature. 524 (7563): 105-08. Bibcode:2015Natur.524..105P. doi:10.1038/nature14856. ... or urea and potentially cyanate as other sources of ammonia. Nitrososphaera gargensis was discovered in a Garga hot spring and ...
Mercury(II) fulminate
Mercury(II) cyanate, though its chemical formula is identical, has a different atomic arrangement; the cyanate and fulminate ... 4 Hg(CNO)2 → 2 CO2 + N2 + HgO + 3 Hg(OCN)CN Hg(CNO)2 → 2 CO + N2 + Hg Hg(CNO)2 → :Hg(OCN)2 (cyanate or / and isocyanate) 2 Hg( ...
Gold cyanidation
Caro's acid - peroxomonosulfuric acid (H2SO5) - converts cyanide to cyanate. Cyanate then hydrolyses to ammonium and carbonate ... The INCO-licensed process and the Caro's acid process oxidise the cyanide to cyanate, which is not as toxic as the cyanide ion ... Remaining free cyanide degrades in the pond, while cyanate ions hydrolyse to ammonium. Studies show that residual cyanide ... Although aqueous solutions of cyanide degrade rapidly in sunlight, the less toxic products, such as cyanates and thiocyanates, ...
Thermoset polymer matrix
Kessler, Michael R. (2012). "Cyanate Ester Resins adapted from Cyanate Ester Resins". Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites. doi: ... The reaction of bisphenols or multifunctional phenol novolac resins with cyanogen bromide or chloride leads to cyanate ... When postcured, all residual cyanate ester functionality polymerises by cyclotrimerisation leading to tightly crosslinked ... Cyanate ester resin prepregs combine the high temperature stability of polyimides with the flame and fire resistance of ...
Tetracyanomethane
In alkaline solutions tricyanomethanide and cyanate ions are produced. Tricyanomethane (cyanoform) Barnes, D.S.; Mortimer, C.T ...
Matrix (composite)
... in space applications when they are cyanate-ester-based; in auto body and outdoor equipment repairs when they are epoxy-based. ...
Curtius rearrangement
Wentrup, C.; Bornemann, H. (2005). "Curtius rearrangment of acyl azides revisited - formation of cyanate". Eur. J. Org. Chem.: ...
Friedrich Wöhler
Urea and ammonium cyanate are further examples of structural isomers of chemical compounds. Heating ammonium cyanate converts ... Silver fulminate is explosive, while silver cyanate is a stable compound. Liebig and Wöhler recognized these as examples of ... Liebig and Wöhler investigated silver fulminate and silver cyanate. These two compounds have the same chemical composition yet ... a pioneer in organic chemistry as a result of his 1828 demonstration of the laboratory synthesis of urea from ammonium cyanate ...
Bisphenol A
As a major component Polycyanurates can be produced from BPA by way of its di-cyanate ester (BADCy). This is formed by a ... Hamerton, Ian (1994). Chemistry and technology of cyanate ester resins (1st ed.). London: Blackie Academic & Professional. ISBN ...
Ferritic nitrocarburizing
The process uses a salt bath of alkali cyanate. This is contained in a steel pot that has an aeration system. The cyanate ... The bath is then treated to convert the carbonate back to a cyanate. The surface formed from the reaction has a compound layer ... This is done to minimize distortion and to destroy any lingering cyanates or cyanides left on the workpiece. Other trademarked ...
Cyanate and Sickle-Cell Disease - Scientific American
... anemia is made to behave like normal hemoglobin in experiments with the administration of the simple chemical sodium cyanate ... Cyanate and Sickle-Cell Disease. The abnormal hemoglobin of people who suffer from sickle-cell anemia is made to behave like ... normal hemoglobin in experiments with the administration of the simple chemical sodium cyanate ...
Inactivation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by sugars, prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate, cyanate and other small...
In-vitro incubations of GAP-DH with sugars, cyanate and prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate, all led to significant loss of enzyme ... Slower inactivation was observed when GAP-DH was incubated with fructose, glucose 6-phosphate or potassium cyanate. Glucose did ... Inactivation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by sugars, prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate, cyanate and other small ...
John Vinson | NIST
The impact of ultra-low amounts of amino-modified MMT on dynamics and properties of densely cross-linked cyanate ester resins |...
Sodium cyanate alters glutathione homeostasis in rodent brain: relationship to neurodegenerative diseases in protein-deficient...
Sodium cyanate depleted GSH levels in all regions of mouse brain. Brain glutathione reductase activity was dose-dependently ... Sodium cyanate, a neurotoxic chemical in rodents, primates and humans, is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders in protein- ... This study investigates the effect of sodium cyanate on glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in rodent brain and liver in vitro and in ... Sodium cyanate alters glutathione homeostasis in rodent brain: relationship to neurodegenerative diseases in protein-deficient ...
Toxic Neuropathy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
IMSEAR at SEARO: In vivo effect of cyanate on serum and eye lens in rat.
Supplementation of cyanate in rats caused a significant decrease in serum GSH and increase in calcium and phosphate level both ... Srivastava VK, Varshney N, Jaiswal A. In vivo effect of cyanate on serum and eye lens in rat. Indian Journal of Experimental ... In vivo effect of cyanate on serum and eye lens in rat. ...
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Cyanate Ester Resin Market | Size | Share | Analysis forecast to 2029
Cyanate Ester Resin Market Growth Strategy and Company Profiles And Key Figures Reviewed In Latest Research Report by 2029 ... Cyanate Ester Resin Market , Exactitude Consultancy. Key Market Segments: Cyanate ester resin market. Cyanate Ester Resin ... Cyanate ester adhesives are based on cyanate resins. The cyanate groups (-O-C≡N) of these resins polymerize on heating, forming ... Cyanate Ester Resin Market , Exactitude Consultancy. Cyanate Ester Resin Market Segment Analysis. On the basis of end user, the ...
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Cyanate Ester Resin Market - High Growth of Market During the Forecast Period - MNM Chemical Research Reports
The global cyanate ester resin market is estimated at USD 195.2 Million in 2017 and is projected to reach USD 338.8 Million… ... Cyanate Ester Resins Market by End-Use Industry (Aerospace & Defense, Electrical & Electronics), Application (Composites, ... Tagged Cyanate Ester Resins, Cyanate Ester Resins Market, Cyanate Ester Resins Market share, Cyanate Ester Resins Market size, ... The company manufactures and supplies various grades of cyanate ester resin products. The company manufactures cyanate ester ...
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CYANATE HYDRATASE. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J ... in bacteria and plants that catalyzes the reaction of cyanate ... Cyanase is an enzyme found in bacteria and plants that catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to produce ammonia ... In Escherichia coli, cyanase is induced from the cyn operon in response to extracellular cyanate. The enzyme is functionally ... In Escherichia coli, cyanase is induced from the cyn operon in response to extracellular cyanate. The enzyme is functionally ...
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It was found when Wohler attempted to synthesis ammonium cyanate, to continue a study of cyanates which he had been carrying ... Ammonium cyanate is urea.". This organic synthesis dealt a severe blow to a widespread belief called "vitalism" which ... On treating silver cyanate with ammonium chloride solution he obtained a white crystalline material which proved identical to ...
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Cyanate Ester Resin Market Trends and ForecastThe global cyanate ester resin market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 6% from ... bisphenol-based cyanate ester resin and novolac-based cyanate ester resin), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, ... Trends, opportunities and forecast in cyanate ester resin market to 2027 by application (printed circuit boards, radomes, ...
Global cyanate ester resins marketResinsEpoxyCyanideEster resin marketSodiumEstersResin systemsPotassiumMonomersEscherichiaInhibitionCyanaseBisphenolDefenseAerospaceApplicationsEffectTestHigh strengthSuppliesSignificantPotassiumSodium CyanateAmmoniumUreaThiocyanateResinNitrogenDecompositionPhenolicReaction1984AliphaticConcentrationsCynTHydrogenAnionsConsumptionAdhesivesOrganicCatalyzesTypePropertiesDate
Global cyanate ester resins market5
- Composites is estimated to be the largest application segment in the global cyanate ester resins market during the forecast period, in terms of value and volume. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Mergers & Acquisitions was the Key Strategy Adopted by Major Players to Enhance their Presence in the Global Cyanate Ester Resins Market Between 2013 and 2017. (wordpress.com)
- The global cyanate ester resins market is projected to grow from USD 195.2 Million in 2017 to reach USD 338.8 Million by 2022, at a CAGR of 11.7% from 2017 to 2022. (wordpress.com)
- The rapidly increasing demand for cyanate ester resins in the aerospace & defense and electrical & electronics industries and high growth of the automotive industry in Asia Pacific are expected to boost the growth of the global cyanate ester resins market. (wordpress.com)
- Key players operating in the global cyanate ester resins market include Lonza (Switzerland), Huntsman (US), Cytec Solvay Group (US), Henkel (Germany), Tencate Advanced Composites (Netherlands), and others. (wordpress.com)
Resins15
- Due to this, revenue of the cyanate ester resins market witnessed a decline in 2020. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- The cyanate ester resins are used in manufacturing of structural and semi-structural composites in transportation industry. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Cyanate ester resins are used as a functional material in applications in the aerospace industry. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Aerospace & defense is expected to be the fastest-growing end-use segment of the cyanate ester resins market, in terms of value, during the forecast period due to the high-end properties of cyanate ester resins. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- The growth in the aerospace & defense industry has led to an increase in the demand for cyanate ester resins in the composites application. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- In addition, it is also used to manufacture exhaust of race cars and brakes, which is increasing demand for cyanate ester resins. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- In the composite's application, cyanate ester resins are used to enhance the properties of composites. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Cyanate ester adhesives are based on cyanate resins. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- The cyanate groups (-O-C≡N) of these resins polymerize on heating, forming triazine rings which impart higher thermal stability to these adhesives than epoxies. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- The novel properties of cyanate ester resins are favored in specialty applications. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Cyanate ester resins are in demand because of their properties such as low dielectric constant, high strength, easy processability, and durability. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Cyanate ester resins are used across various end-use industries. (wordpress.com)
- Cyanate ester resins are used in various applications such as composites, adhesives, and coatings, amongst others. (wordpress.com)
- It manufactures multiple grades of cyanate ester resins for various uses such as microwave antennas, radome, high temperature composites, structural adhesives, and electronic grade adhesives. (wordpress.com)
- On the basis of the resin type, the market is segregated into epoxy resin, phenolic resin, BMI resin, cyanate ester resin, thermoplastic resin and other resins. (openpr.com)
Epoxy2
- Graphene was dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide, and the mixture was spooned into epoxy-cyanate ester mixtures to form graphene/epoxy-cyanate ester nanocomposites. (emerald.com)
- Thermal conductivity and Kapitza resistance of cyanate ester epoxy mix and tri-functional epoxy electrical insulations at superfluid helium temperature. (iifiir.org)
Cyanide1
- Footnote 12 Conversion of cyanide to a less toxic cyanate occurs at pH levels of 8.5 and above. (canada.ca)
Ester resin market5
- COVID-19 outbreak has affected the production cost and also affected the growth of the cyanate ester resin market. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- On the basis of end user, the global cyanate ester resin market has been segmented as aerospace & defense, electrical & electronics. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Based on application, the cyanate ester resin market can be divided into composites, adhesives. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- Lonza is the largest player in the cyanate ester resin market. (wordpress.com)
- Huntsman is the second-largest player in the cyanate ester resin market. (wordpress.com)
Sodium6
- Sodium cyanate alters glutathione homeostasis in rodent brain: relationship to neurodegenerative diseases in protein-deficient malnourished populations in Africa. (oregonstate.edu)
- Sodium cyanate, a neurotoxic chemical in rodents, primates and humans, is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders in protein-deficient populations subsisting in parts of Africa on the cyanogenic plant cassava. (oregonstate.edu)
- This study investigates the effect of sodium cyanate on glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in rodent brain and liver in vitro and in vivo. (oregonstate.edu)
- GSH levels in mouse brain were rapidly, time- and dose-dependently decreased following intraperitoneal administration of 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg sodium cyanate. (oregonstate.edu)
- Sodium cyanate depleted GSH levels in all regions of mouse brain. (oregonstate.edu)
- Brain glutathione reductase activity was dose-dependently inhibited, while glutathione peroxidase activity was not affected by sodium cyanate. (oregonstate.edu)
Esters2
- Jayalath H , Herath M, Epaarachchi J. Cyanate esters as a high performing shape memory polymer: A review. (wjgnet.com)
- CNBr reacts with the hydroxyl groups on agarose to form cyanate esters and imidocarbonates. (abnova.com)
Resin systems1
- The standard hydraulic lamination recommended for cyanate resin systems is used for normal lamination using Speedboard C prepreg. (microwavejournal.com)
Potassium1
- Slower inactivation was observed when GAP-DH was incubated with fructose, glucose 6-phosphate or potassium cyanate. (nih.gov)
Monomers1
- Polycyanurate thermoset networks with high thermal, mechanical, and hydrolytic stability based on liquid multifunctional cyanate ester monomers with bisphenol A and AF units. (mpg.de)
Escherichia1
- In Escherichia coli, cyanase is induced from the cyn operon in response to extracellular cyanate. (rcsb.org)
Inhibition1
- The disruption of GSH homeotasis, as evidenced by reduced tissue GSH/GSSG ratios, likely results from cyanate-induced inhibition of glutathione reductase activity. (oregonstate.edu)
Cyanase1
- Cyanase is an enzyme found in bacteria and plants that catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. (rcsb.org)
Bisphenol2
- Cyanate ester resin is a thermoset resin containing repeated -OCN groups and a three-dimensional network, manufactured from cyanic acid and bisphenol A. They have a very high glass transition temperature of about 400°C. Because of their low dielectric constant and resistance to temperatures they are often used in printing circuit boards. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
- The company manufactures cyanate ester from bisphenol-A, bisphenol-E, bisphenol-F, and bisphenol M. The company has production plants for cyanate ester in Switzerland. (wordpress.com)
Defense1
- Cyanate ester resin is widely used in manufacturing composites for the aerospace & defense industry. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
Aerospace1
- In addition to that, cyanate ester resin possesses superior characteristics such as lightweight, high stability, high-temperature resistance, and excellent 3-D moldability which makes them more suitable for aerospace applications. (exactitudeconsultancy.com)
Applications1
- Can you describe other standard MDI-based polyiso-cyanates and their typical applications? (adhesivesmag.com)
Effect2
Test1
- If you have more question or need COA,MSDS,test spectra of phenyl cyanate, CAS:1122-85-6 please feel easy to contact with us. (lookchem.com)
High strength1
- CE 221 (Cyanate Ester) is a high-performance material with high strength, stiffness, and temperature resistance. (dilabs.cc)
Supplies2
- FINETECH INDUSTRY LIMITED supplies the phenyl cyanate, CAS:1122-85-6 with the most competitive price and the best quality. (lookchem.com)
- The company manufactures and supplies various grades of cyanate ester resin products. (wordpress.com)
Significant2
- In-vitro incubations of GAP-DH with sugars, cyanate and prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate, all led to significant loss of enzyme activity with time in two buffer systems. (nih.gov)
- Supplementation of cyanate in rats caused a significant decrease in serum GSH and increase in calcium and phosphate level both in serum and lens. (who.int)
Potassium5
- Sodium cyanate and potassium cyanate are cyanate salts with the formula NaCN and KCN. (wiseguyreports.com)
- Potassium cyanate is often preferred to the sodium salt, which is less soluble in water and less readily available in pure form. (wiseguyreports.com)
- According to Gen Consulting Company, global sodium cyanate and potassium cyanate market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast pe. (wiseguyreports.com)
- In the decade of chemical innocence following the Second World War, cuddly compounds like potassium cyanate, and even tear gas, were used to sterilize crabgrass seed in residential lawns. (mvtimes.com)
- The molecular weight of Potassium cyanate (KOCN) is 81.11514. (laboratorynotes.com)
Sodium Cyanate3
- Sodium cyanate at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM inhibited the growth of Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3 Strain) utilizing the Trager-Jensen continuous culture system. (elsevier.com)
- Pretreatment of red cells with sodium cyanate prior to infection did not alter the intracellular growth of the parasite. (elsevier.com)
- Our product range includes a wide range of sodium cyanate, acid zinc electroplating chemicals, metal cleaner pk20 and strong wick metal cleaner. (patelplatingchemicals.com)
Ammonium6
- In his effort to make ammonium cyanate, the German chemist Friedrich Wohler earned the title of 'father of organic chemistry' by being the first person to create a chemical previously thought to be produced solely through organic processes. (skeptic.com)
- Ammonium cyanate is urea," Wohler wrote enthusiastically to the chemist Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius. (skeptic.com)
- He reacted silver cyanate (AgOCN) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), expecting to get ammonium cyanate (NH 4 OCN). (libretexts.org)
- OCN - (ammonium cyanate) may also contribute to a band at 1470 cm -1 , widely observed in many protostellar infrared sources and which remains up to now poorly explained in numerous ISO-SWS spectra. (aanda.org)
- 17. Who prepared urea the first time by heating ammonium cyanate? (wittychimp.com)
- Soil cyanate concentrations were three orders of magnitude lower than ammonium or nitrate. (univie.ac.at)
Urea4
- One route involves a reaction between cyanoacetylene and cyanate, and the other reaction begins with cyanoacetalydehyde and urea. (reasons.org)
- We estimated that in-situ cyanate production rates were similar to those associated with urea fertilizer decomposition, a major source of cyanate in the environment. (univie.ac.at)
- Lastly, we identified that the hydrolysate of urea, cyanate, was also involved in this pathophysiology. (emory.edu)
- Urea or cyanate carbamylates mTOR to inhibit the mTORC1-S6K dependent dendritic protein synthesis, inducing impairment of synaptic plasticity in mPFC and depression-like behaviour. (emory.edu)
Thiocyanate1
- Thiocyanate is analogous to the cyanate ion, [OCN] − , wherein oxygen is replaced by sulfur . (wikibedia.ru)
Resin5
- The possible cross reactions indicated by solid-state NMR between cyanate functionalized resin and epoxy functionalized resin have been investigated by using both natural abundance and labeled monofunctional model compounds. (ubc.ca)
- In addition to the cross reactions of epoxy and cyanate, the reactions of epoxy and the carbamate, which is the major side product for the curing reaction of cyanate resin in solution, have also been investigated, and the mechanism of these reactions discussed. (ubc.ca)
- Novolac-based Cyanate ester is a non-phthalic and aliphatic resin made from oil, mainly used as the binder in PVC. (dataintelo.com)
- Ueyama J , Ogawa R, Ota K, Mori Y, Tsuge A, Endo T. Rapid Curing System of a Cyanate Ester Resin/Epoxy Resin with a Thermal Latent Polymeric Hardener Based on a Phenol-Amine Salt. (wjgnet.com)
- Driven by commercial application and environmental concerns, the paper draws attention on a modified formula of cyanate ester with a common epoxy resin under an optimized ratio. (infona.pl)
Nitrogen4
- However, at the increased temperature of distillation, cyanates or organic compounds containing nitrogen can hydrolyze to form ammonia where none previously existed. (coleparmer.com)
- The case hardening medium is a molten, nitrogen-bearing, fused-salt bath containing either cyanides or cyanates. (lexico.com)
- Cyanate can serve as a nitrogen and/or carbon source for different microorganisms and as an energy source for autotrophic ammonia oxidizers. (univie.ac.at)
- We provide evidence that cyanate is actively turned over in soils and represents a small but continuous nitrogen/energy source for soil microbes. (univie.ac.at)
Decomposition1
- Carbonic anhydrase functions to prevent depletion of cellular bicarbonate during cyanate decomposition (the product CO2 can diffuse out of the cell faster than noncatalyzed hydration back to bicarbonate). (nih.gov)
Phenolic1
- Hydroxyls primers promote adhesion between substrates and polyurethanes, iso-cyanates, melamine formaldehydes, phenolic epoxy based coatings. (caplinq.com)
Reaction6
- The major cross-reaction product is a racemic mixture of enantiomers, which contain an oxazolidinone ring formed by one cyanate molecule and two epoxy molecules. (ubc.ca)
- However, epoxy consumption lags cyanate consumption in the overall reaction as triazine formation from the cyanate is much faster than the two competing reactions, the cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy, and the self-polymerization of epoxy, under the conditions investigated. (ubc.ca)
- The cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy is limited. (ubc.ca)
- Approximately 12% of cross reaction between cyanate and epoxy was found in the overall reaction. (ubc.ca)
- From the reactions of epoxy and carbamate, several products related to cross reaction between epoxy and cyanate have been isolated and identified. (ubc.ca)
- This reactivity was extended in chapter 4, in a novel 3-component reaction between haloarenes, isocyanides and cyanates to form 4-aminobenzoxazin-2-ones and 4- aminoquinazolin-2-ones. (researchportal.be)
19841
- Drumm, Joseph Eugene, "Heterocyclic Syntheses Utilizing Aryl Cyanates" (1984). (wmich.edu)
Aliphatic1
- Raymax PU Enamel is a polyurethane finish paint cured with aliphatic ISO CYANATE. (raymaxpaints.com)
Concentrations1
- Here we analyse cyanate concentrations in soils across a range of soil types, land management practices and climates. (univie.ac.at)
CynT1
- Addition of cyanate to the culture medium of a delta cynT mutant strain of E. coli (having a nonfunctional carbonic anhydrase) results in depletion of cellular bicarbonate, which leads to inhibition of growth and an inability to catalyze cyanate degradation. (nih.gov)
Hydrogen1
- High-purity powder samples of lithium and sodium azide (LiN 3 , NaN 3), cyanate (LiOCN, NaOCN) and hydrogen fluoride (LiFHF, NaFHF) were studied by means of 59.54 keV Compton spectroscopy. (mpg.de)
Anions2
- In the title compound, [Co 2 (NCSe) 4 (C 4 H 4 N 2 ) 3 (CH 3 OH) 2 ] n , the Co II ion is coordinated by three N-bonded pyrimidine ligands, two N-bonded seleno-cyanate anions and one O-bonded methanol mol-ecule in an octa-hedral coordination mode. (iucr.org)
- The asymmetric unit consists of one Co II ion, one pyrimidine ligand, two seleno-cyanate anions and one methanol mol-ecule in general positions as well as one pyrimidine ligand located around a twofold rotation axis. (iucr.org)
Consumption1
- We determined cyanate consumption in a grassland and rice paddy soil using stable isotope tracer experiments. (univie.ac.at)
Adhesives1
- Cyanate ester (CE) is a type of reactive solvent used as an industrial chemical with applications in adhesives, composite materials, and plastics. (dataintelo.com)
Organic2
- Toluene Di Iso Cyanate (TDI) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(NCO)2. (fsforeigntrade.com)
- Bisphenol-based type Cyanate Ester is a chloroform derivative that has the property of being soluble in organic solvents. (dataintelo.com)
Catalyzes1
- Conclusion We propose that MPO, potentially produced by MDSCs, catalyzes the buildup of cyanate in the TME which diffuses into tumor cells causing homocitrullination of cytoplasmic proteins which are degraded and, in the presence of IFNγ, presented by MHC-II for direct CD4 T-cell recognition. (scancell.co.uk)
Type1
- On the basis of Type, the market is segmented into Bisphenol-based type Cyanate Ester, Novolac-based Type Cyanate Ester and Others. (dataintelo.com)
Properties3
- Cyanate Ester has the properties that make it an attractive candidate for use in electron emission displays (EED) because they emit electrons when heated by the applied voltage which is capable of generating images on screens without backlighting required as LCD's require. (dataintelo.com)
- Wang Z , Li R, Qin Q, Al Hassan M, Dayo AQ, Liu W, Wang J. Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of cyanate ester/hyperbranched benzoxazine copolymers. (wjgnet.com)
- One began with observations of the interaction of cyanate with amidotransferases, but led to the clarification of the regulatory properties of CTP synthetase and the elucidation of its crystal structure, opening opportunities for drug design. (nih.gov)
Date1
- Toxic MIC (methyl iso-cyanate) gas escaped into the ambient air ofBhopal city from the premises of the UCIL plant and resulted in an unprecedented publichealth emergency, the legacy of which stays on till date to haunt the surviving victimsand their future generations. (cseindia.org)