Cyanamide
Vicia
Acetaldehyde
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
The effect of inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase on nasal uptake of inspired acetaldehyde. (1/62)
At exposure concentrations of 750 ppm or more, acetaldehyde is a rodent inhalation carcinogen that induces nasal tumors. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is thought to be an important detoxifying enzyme for aldehydes. Although nasal tissues express ALDH, the importance of this enzyme relative to delivered dosage rates at high-inspired concentrations is not well defined. To provide such information, uptake of inspired acetaldehyde was measured at an inspiratory flow rate that approximated the minute ventilation rate in the surgically isolated nasal cavity of F 344 rats pretreated with either saline (control) or the ALDH inhibitor, cyanamide (10 mg/kg s.c.). ALDH activities (substrate concentration 3 times the K(m)) in anterior (respiratory mucosa) and posterior (olfactory mucosa) nasal tissues averaged 160 and 210 nmol/min), respectively, in control animals (total activity 370 nmol/min), compared to 60 and 80 nmol/min, respectively, in cyanamide-pretreated rats (p < 0.05), indicating that approximately 60% inhibition was obtained. Nasal uptake was measured at 3 inspired concentrations: 10, 300, and 1500 ppm. At these concentrations, acetaldehyde uptake efficiency averaged 54, 37, and 34% in saline-pretreated rats, respectively (p < 0.05). In absolute terms, the delivered dosage rates at these exposure concentrations averaged 21, 420, and 1990 nmol/min. The concentration dependence on uptake suggests a saturable process was involved. At inspired concentrations of 300 ppm or more, the delivered dosage rates exceeded the measured specific activity for nasal ALDH of 370 nmol/min. Cyanamide pretreatment abolished the concentration dependence. Specifically, uptake efficiencies in cyanamide-pretreated rats averaged 30, 27, and 31% at inspired concentrations of 10, 300, and 1500 ppm, respectively (p > 0.05); delivered dosage rates were 12, 310, and 1780 nmol/min. Thus, cyanamide pretreatment reduced nasal-delivered dosage rates at inspired concentrations of 10, 300, and 1500 ppm, respectively by 9, 110, and 210 nmol/min, values that correspond well with the total nasal ALDH activity of 370 nmol/min. In toto, these results suggest that inspired acetaldehyde is metabolized in situ by ALDH, but at exposure concentrations of 300 ppm or greater, the delivered dosage rate may equal or exceed the capacity of this enzyme. (+info)The transcriptional and DNA binding activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is inhibited by ethanol metabolism. A novel mechanism for the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver. (2/62)
Fatty acids are ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). Fatty acid levels are increased in liver during the metabolism of ethanol and might be expected to activate PPAR alpha. However, ethanol inhibited PPAR alpha activation of a reporter gene in H4IIEC3 hepatoma cells expressing alcohol-metabolizing enzymes but not in CV-1 cells, which lack these enzymes. Ethanol also reduced the ability of the PPAR alpha ligand WY14,643 to activate reporter constructs in the hepatoma cells or cultured rat hepatocytes. This effect of ethanol was abolished by the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole and augmented by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide, indicating that acetaldehyde was responsible for the action of ethanol. PPAR alpha/retinoid X receptor extracted from hepatoma cells exposed to ethanol or acetaldehyde bound poorly to an oligonucleotide containing peroxisome proliferator response elements. This effect was also blocked by 4-methylpyrazole and augmented by cyanamide. Furthermore, in vitro translated PPAR alpha exposed to acetaldehyde failed to bind DNA. Thus, ethanol metabolism blocks transcriptional activation by PPAR alpha, in part due to impairment of its ability to bind DNA. This effect of ethanol may promote the development of alcoholic fatty liver and other hepatic consequences of alcohol abuse. (+info)Ethanol potentiates hypoxic liver injury: role of hepatocyte Na(+) overload. (3/62)
Centrilobular hypoxia has been suggested to contribute to hepatic damage caused by alcohol intoxication. However, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. We have investigated whether alterations of Na(+) homeostasis might account for ethanol-mediated increase in hepatocyte sensitivity to hypoxia. Addition of ethanol (100 mmol/l) to isolated rat hepatocytes incubated under nitrogen atmosphere greatly stimulated cell death. An increase in intracellular Na(+) levels preceded cell killing and Na(+) levels in hepatocytes exposed to the combination of ethanol and hypoxia were almost twice those in hypoxic cells without ethanol. Na(+) increase was also observed in hepatocytes incubated with ethanol in oxygenated buffer. Ethanol addition significantly lowered hepatocyte pH. Inhibiting ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation with, respectively, 4-methylpyrazole and cyanamide prevented this effect. 4-methylpyrazole, cyanamide as well as hepatocyte incubation in a HCO(3)(-)-free buffer or in the presence of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger blocker 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride also reduced Na(+) influx in ethanol-treated hepatocytes. 4-methylpyrazole and cyanamide similarly prevented ethanol-stimulated Na(+) accumulation and hepatocyte killing during hypoxia. Moreover, ethanol-induced Na(+) influx caused cytotoxicity in hepatocytes pre-treated with Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ouabain. Also in this condition 4-methylpyrazole and 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride decreased cell killing. These results indicate that ethanol can promotes cytotoxicity in hypoxic hepatocytes by enhancing Na(+) accumulation. (+info)Acetaldehyde, a metabolite of ethanol, activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat. (4/62)
Cyanamide is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH: EC 1.2.1.3) used in the treatment of alcoholics. In the presence of ethanol, cyanamide causes an accumulation of acetaldehyde, a highly toxic metabolite of ethanol, with unpleasant side-effects. A similar accumulation is seen in some Oriental people with low ALDH activity. We have investigated the effects of ethanol and cyanamide administration on the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis using in situ hybridization histochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Ethanol plus cyanamide resulted in a significant increase in corticotrophin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus, and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA in the anterior pituitary. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were also significantly elevated following ethanol plus cyanamide administration. The blood concentration of acetaldehyde in the ethanol plus cyanamide group increased significantly. These results suggest that acetaldehyde, induced by blocking ethanol metabolism, is able to activate the HPA axis operating through a central mechanism. (+info)Cholinergic nerves mediate acetaldehyde action in the gastrointestinal tract. (5/62)
The regulation mechanism of inhibition of intestinal ethanol absorption induced by high acetaldehyde (AcH) concentration in blood was investigated. We used atropine (AT), atropine methylbromide (ATMB), pirenzepine (PI), bethanechol (BE) and pilocarpine (PL) with or without cyanamide (CY; a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which induces high AcH concentration in blood). The K(a) (absorption rate constant) value after the CY-alone pretreatment was significantly lower than that in controls. In the high AcH-induced cases, the values of K(a) in AT and ATMB pretreatments were similar to controls, but the value of K(a) in PI pretreatment was lower than that in controls. The values of K(a) in the case of BE pretreatment with and without high AcH levels were lower than in controls. The K(a) value in the PL with CY was significantly lower than that with CY alone. However, its action was blocked by ATMB pretreatment. These results suggest that high blood AcH concentrations inhibit intestinal ethanol absorption through the peripheral cholinergic nerves via muscarinic receptors, except for the muscarinic M(1) receptor, compared to other subtypes of muscarinic receptors. (+info)Pesticide-related illnesses associated with the use of a plant growth regulator--Italy, 2001. (6/62)
During January-February 2001, eight cases of acute illness in the county of Ragusa, Italy, were reported to the Italian National Institute for Health (INIH) by the Milan Poison Control Center (MPCC) and were attributed to exposure to Dormex, a plant growth regulator with hydrogen cyanamide as the active ingredient. These cases were identified during a pilot project for acute pesticide-related illness surveillance. Subsequent active case finding at health-care clinics by the Ragusa Occupational Health Unit identified six additional cases. MPCC identified nine cases in other areas of Italy. Of the 23 cases of acute illness, 22 resulted from occupational exposure during mixing and/or applying of Dormex, and one was from unintentional ingestion. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which implicates a pesticide as the causative agent and demonstrates the usefulness of surveillance for detecting pesticide-related illnesses. (+info)Combined calcium carbimide and ethanol treatment induces high blood acetaldehyde levels, myocardial apoptosis and altered expression of apoptosis-regulating genes in rat. (7/62)
The effects of ethanol and ethanol-derived acetaldehyde on rat myocardial apoptosis and expression of genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were studied. Combined ethanol and calcium carbimide treatment for 2, 5 or 8 days (E + CC) markedly increased blood acetaldehyde levels. Cytosolic DNA fragmentation was quantified in the 5-day treatment group. Increased amount of DNA-fragmentation, reflecting increased apoptosis, was evident in the E + CC group (23% increase compared to controls). mRNA levels of genes regulating apoptosis were measured by using quantitative PCR in the 2- and 8-day treatment groups. In the 2-day treatment group, p21 gene expression was increased by 25% and bax/bcl-2 mRNA ratio by 57% in E + CC, compared to the control, group. In the 8-day treatment group, p21 mRNA level was 24% lower, p53 mRNA level was 15% higher (P < 0.005), and bcl-2 mRNA level 36% higher in E + CC-treated, compared to the control, group. Interestingly, both ethanol and calcium carbimide treatments alone increased bax mRNA levels, as compared to the control group at 2 and 8 days. These results indicate that acetaldehyde might regulate the expression of apoptosis-linked genes and that apoptosis of myocardial cells may be involved in the development of alcoholic heart disease. (+info)Modelling kiwifruit budbreak as a function of temperature and bud interactions. (8/62)
This paper presents two models of budbreak on canes of 'Hayward' kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). A conventional 'chill unit' (CU) type model is compared with an alternative 'loss of potential' (LOP) approach, which assumes that the number of buds developing in spring depends on climate and node position-dependent bud-to-bud interactions that vary in duration and intensity. Both models describe how temperature, and application of a dormancy-breaking chemical, determine the overall amount of budbreak for whole canes. However, the LOP model does so by describing patterns of budbreak along canes. To do this, the cumulative influence of distal neighbours is assumed to cause a progressive fall in the capacity for bud development over the autumn-winter period, an influence that gets stronger as temperature rises. The LOP model also assumes that the rate of decline varies along the cane, as a function of some inherent bud property. These two factors mean that buds towards the base of the cane break less often under the suppressive influence of distal neighbours, while low temperature ('chilling') increases budbreak by diminishing the intensity of suppression relative to bud development rate. Under this scenario, dormancy-breaking chemicals (such as hydrogen cyanamide, HC) enhance budbreak by diminishing the duration of suppression. Models were calibrated using daily temperature series and budbreak proportion data from a multi-year regional survey, and were then tested against independent data sets. Both models were run from a fixed start date until the time budbreak was almost complete, or until a standard date. The fitted models described 87 % of variation in amount of budbreak due to site, year, HC and node position effects in the original data set. Results suggest that the correlation between chilling and the amount of budbreak can be interpreted as a population-based phenomenon based on interaction among buds. (+info)
Cyanamide | definition of cyanamide by Medical dictionary
Recent Research into the Global Calcium Cyanamide Sales 2016: Reportstack
Cyanamide process | Article about cyanamide process by The Free Dictionary
Calcium cyanamide | 156-62-7
Cyanamide
- Calcium Carbimide
Summary Report | CureHunter
Silver cyanamide nanoparticles decorated ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced visible-light-driven...
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03/21/2013: EPA Reaches Agreement with Wyeth Holdings Corporation on the Cleanup of the American Cyanamid Superfund Site in...
Cyanamide Potentiates the Ethanol-Induced Impairment of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis in a Recombinant Hepatic Cell Line...
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Calcium carbide
Production of calcium cyanamide[edit]. Calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen at high temperature to form calcium cyanamide:[5] ... Commonly known as nitrolime, calcium cyanamide is used as fertilizer. It is hydrolysed to cyanamide, H2NCN.[5] ... Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide.[3] ... "Manufacture of Cyanamide". The Chemical News and the Journal of Physical Science. 117: 232. ...
History of the Haber process
Today, cyanamide is used primarily as a herbicide. Wilhelm Ostwald, considered one of the best German chemists of the early ... However, the Cyanamide process consumed large amounts of electrical power and was more labor-intensive than the Haber process. ... Calcium cyanamide". Retrieved 18 July 2008. Hager 2008, pp. 76-78, 94-96 Travis 1993 Wisniak 2002, p. 163 David V. "Bradley & ... German chemists Adolf Frank and Nikodem Caro succeeded in reacting calcium carbide with dinitrogen to obtain calcium cyanamide ...
Dipole
cyanamide: 4.27 D. *potassium bromide: 10.41 D. The linear molecule CO2 has a zero dipole as the two bond dipoles cancel. ...
2-Cyanoguanidine
... is produced by treating cyanamide with base. It is produced in soil by decomposition of cyanamide. A variety ... It is a dimer of cyanamide, from which it can be prepared. 2-Cyanoguanidine is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, ... "Cyanamides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_139.pub2. H. Deim; G ...
Cyanuric bromide
Cyanamides. Part III. The formation of substituted triazines from o-halogenophenylureas and arylsulphonyl chlorides". Journal ...
Nitrile
Organic cyanamidesEdit. Cyanamides are N-cyano compounds with general structure R1R2N−CN and related to the inorganic parent ... with amines, e.g. the reaction of the amine sarcosine with cyanamide yields creatine[30] ...
Isodiazomethane
"Ab initio study on cyanamide and isocyanamide". Chemical Physics. 72 (3): 301-312. Bibcode:1982CP.....72..301I. doi:10.1016/ ...
Frank-Caro process
In 1945 the production of calcium cyanamide reached a peak of an estimated 1.5 million tons a year. German patent nr. DE 88363 ... The synthesis produces a solid mixture of calcium cyanamide (CaCN2), also known as nitrolim, and carbon. CaC2 + N2 → CaCN2 + C ... The Frank-Caro process, also called cyanamide process, is the nitrogen fixation reaction of calcium carbide with nitrogen gas ... In its first decades, the world market for inorganic fertilizer was dominated by factories utilizing the cyanamide process. The ...
Carbodiimide
The parent compound, methanediimine, (HN=C=NH), is a tautomer of cyanamide. A classic route to carbodiimides involves ...
Aza-Cope rearrangement
Cyanamide groups and analogs have been often used in the generation iminium ions. They are typically installed by nucleophilic ...
Nitrosyl cyanide
The compound has been invoked as a product of the oxidation of cyanamide catalyzed by the enzyme glucose oxidase. In terms of ... a putative metabolic oxidation product of the alcohol-deterrent agent cyanamide". Biochemical Pharmacology. 52 (1): 141-147. ...
Akabori amino-acid reaction
The reaction of cyanamide with α-amino-acetals and α-amino-aldehydes". J. Chem. Soc.: 307-310. doi:10.1039/jr9560000307. ...
List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
1975), "Microwave detection of interstellar cyanamide", Astrophysical Journal, 201: L149-L152, Bibcode:1975ApJ...201L.149T, doi ...
Graphitic carbon nitride
... can be made by polymerization of cyanamide, dicyandiamide or melamine. The firstly formed polymeric ...
CA1 (gene)
"Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction?". Journal of Biological ...
Trostberg
The Chemiepark Trostberg originated from a calcium cyanamide production plant, founded in 1908. Between 1978 and 2000, the ...
George Owen Knapp
The colorless compound was used in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide. Acetylene was critical to the large and ...
Diazomethane
... is both isomeric and isoelectronic with the more stable cyanamide, but they cannot interconvert. Many substituted ... The stable compound cyanamide, whose minor tautomer is carbodiimide, is an isomer of diazomethane. Less stable but still ...
Compounds of carbon
Cyanuric chloride is the trimer of cyanogen chloride and 2-cyanoguanidine is the dimer of cyanamide. Other types of inorganic ... Small inorganic carbon - nitrogen compounds are cyanogen, hydrogen cyanide, cyanamide, isocyanic acid and cyanogen chloride. ... thiocyanate and cyanamide ions. Examples of cyanides are copper cyanide (CuCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN), examples of ...
Denka (company)
One year later, Fujiyama patented his own process of producing cyanamide, the continuous cyanamide process. In 1913, Fujiyama ...
Bettina Lotsch
"Rational design of carbon nitride photocatalysts by identification of cyanamide defects as catalytically relevant sites". ...
Dormancy
Specifically, hydrogen cyanamide stimulates cell division and growth in dormant plants, causing buds to break when the plant is ... Hydrogen cyanamide interacts with the cytokinin metabolic cycle, which results in triggering a new growth cycle.[citation ...
Hofmann-Löffler reaction
Further developments of this transformation have led to the expansion of the substrate scope to N-cyanamides, N- ... Carrau, R.; Hernández, R.; Suárez, E.; Betancor, C. (1987). "Intramolecular functionalization of N-cyanamide radicals: ... funcionalizations generally proceed in higher yields than the reactions involving N-nitro or N-cyanamides. In 2008 Baran et al ...
Nitrogen fixation
In 1898 Frank and Caro developed a way to fix nitrogen in the form of calcium cyanamide. The Frank-Caro and Ostwald processes ...
Shitagau Noguchi
In 1906, two Germans, A.Frank and N. Caro, invented a new method to produce calcium cyanamide to be used a fertilizer. Noguchi ... He also produced ammonium sulphate out of the calcium cyanamide, because it was safer and better known. In 1914, he formed " ...
Isocyanic acid
Cyanate Thiocyanic acid Cyanamide also has this name, and for which it is more systematically correct "Oxomethaniminium , CH2NO ...
Odda
The carbide production and the subsequent production of cyanamide was started in 1908 after the water power plant was ... Offices of Odda Smelteverk, former North Western Cyanamide Company and Alby United Carbide Factory, 1906. ...
Coprinopsis atramentaria
Marchner, H.; Tottmar, O. (1978). "A Comparative Study on the Effects of Disulfiram, Cyanamide and 1-Aminocyclopropanol on the ...
Lonza Group
With calcium cyanamide and calcium nitrate (made from nitric acid), Lonza commercialised formulated fertilisers starting in the ... from electric lighting reduced demand for calcium carbide and in 1915 Lonza started industrial production of calcium cyanamide ...
No data available that match "cyanamide"
HydrogenDormexGlobal Calcium Cyanamide market sizeNitrideMoleculeFertilizer calcium cyanamideCyanideAmmoniaCompoundsCaCN2CrystallineAnionAldehyde dehydrogenaseUrea2025Reacts with waterSaltsLumpy powderCaCNMelamineDisulfiramSodiumFertilizersToxicDicyandiamide2016ReactionNitrogenHerbicideVapourCentersAcetyleneHydrolysisMicrobialInhalationExposureResults showed
Hydrogen17
- However, Dr. Dulak was unsure whether this method is applicable to hydrogen cyanamide. (cdc.gov)
- Hydrogen cyanamide* is used in agriculture as a plant growth regulator and is applied to many deciduous plants to stimulate uniform budbreak after dormancy, resulting in uniform flowering and maturity. (cdc.gov)
- Hydrogen cyanamide is highly toxic, and adverse health effects from contact include severe irritation and ulceration of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract ( 1,2 ). (cdc.gov)
- After Dormex ® (Degussa AG, Trostberg, Germany), a pesticide product containing hydrogen cyanamide (49% by weight), was introduced in Italy in 2000, a total of 23 cases of acute illness associated with exposure to this chemical were identified in early 2001 ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- This report describes 28 additional cases of hydrogen cyanamide--related illness that occurred during 2002--2004, 14 of which occurred after sales resumed. (cdc.gov)
- These illnesses suggest that the preventive measures adopted in Italy in 2003 to protect workers using hydrogen cyanamide are inadequate. (cdc.gov)
- Workers exposed to hydrogen cyanamide should be provided adequate information, training, personal protective equipment (PPE), and engineering controls. (cdc.gov)
- A total of 28 hydrogen cyanamide--related illnesses were identified during 2002--2004. (cdc.gov)
- Water, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen selenide react with cyanamide to give urea, thiourea, and selenourea, respectively: H2NCN + H2E → H2NC(E)NH2 (E = O, S, Se) In this way, cyanamide behaves as a dehydration agent and thus can induce condensation reactions. (wikipedia.org)
- The cyanamide anion has the character of a pseudo chalcogen, cyanamide can therefore be regarded as analogue to water or hydrogen sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
- Thiourea can be produced by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence of carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
- Pérez, Francisco 2012-03-31 00:00:00 It has been reported that dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (HC) stimulates the fermentative pathway and inhibits respiration in grapevine-buds, suggesting in this way, that a respiratory stress must be involved in the release of buds from dormancy. (deepdyve.com)
- Global Hydrogen Cyanamide Market Growth 2020-2025 is a detailed research recently added by MarketsandResearch.biz that offers a thorough study of the market current status and evaluates the market over the years with a comprehensive study. (bcfocus.com)
- The global Hydrogen Cyanamide market assessment puts forth in-detailed data that enhance the scope, understanding, and application of this report. (bcfocus.com)
- The report highlights the vital entities associated with the global Hydrogen Cyanamide market. (bcfocus.com)
- The report analyzes the profit and loss numbers, item value, production capacity, logistics, and distribution channels in the global Hydrogen Cyanamide market. (bcfocus.com)
- The aim of this study is to assess the acute toxic effects of Hydrogen Cyanamide , the active ingredient in Donnex which is a plant growth regulator, in human and to estimate the magnitude of hydrogen cyanamide -related illnesses in our locality [El-Minia govemorate- Upper Egypt ]. (bvsalud.org)
Dormex1
- Cyanamide, under the trade name Dormex, is a common agricultural rest-breaking agent applied in spring to stimulate uniform opening of buds, early foliation and bloom. (wikipedia.org)
Global Calcium Cyanamide market size2
- The report then analyzes the global Calcium Cyanamide market size (volume and value), and the sales segment market is also discussed by product type, application and region. (pitchengine.com)
- Global Calcium Cyanamide market size will increase to xx Million US$ by 2025, from xx Million US$ in 2017, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. (reportsnreports.com)
Nitride1
- The cyanamide-functionalised carbon nitride (NCN-CNx) can be employed as a photo-redox catalyst for the light-induced sulfonylation of alkenes with sulfinate salts, attaining product yields twice those obtained with the non-functionalised counterpart and comparable to those achieved with the benchmark homogeneous photocatalyst Eosin Y. NCN-CNx as a heterogeneous photocatalyst is easily isolatable and can be re-used for this reaction for over three cycles. (uni-muenchen.de)
Molecule4
- The rest frequencies for the rotational transitions of the cyanamide molecule (NH2CN) in the ground state and the lowest vibrational (NH2 inversion) state were calculated from a study carried out with a conventional 80 kHz Stark-modulated spectrometer with a 30-cm long parallel-plate absorption cell. (harvard.edu)
- Containing both a nucleophilic and electrophilic site within the same molecule, cyanamide undergoes various reactions with itself. (wikipedia.org)
- The cyanamide molecule has two identical H atoms in the $NH_{2}$ group. (osu.edu)
- The team tried mixing cyanamide and glycolaldehyde, two chemicals probably present in the primordial soup, to make a molecule with a bit of the sugar and the base. (thefreedictionary.com)
Fertilizer calcium cyanamide2
- The fertilizer calcium cyanamide helps plants to reach high yields, thus maximizing profits for farmers. (reportsnreports.com)
- Cyanamide process - is a process of manufacturing fertilizer calcium cyanamide and ammonia. (academic.ru)
Cyanide5
- Fritz Rothe, a colleague of Frank and Caro, succeeded in 1898 in overcoming problems with the use of calcium carbide and clarified that at around 1,100 °C not calcium cyanide but calcium cyanamide is formed in the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- In fact, the initial target product sodium cyanide can also be obtained from calcium cyanamide by melting it with sodium chloride in the presence of carbon: CaCN2 + 2 NaCl + C → 2 NaCN + CaCl2 Frank and Caro developed this reaction for a large-scale, continuous production process. (wikipedia.org)
- Calcium cyanamide can be used as a fertilizer because it reacts with water to give ammonia and calcium carbonate:CaCN 2 (s)+3H 2 O(l) → CaCO 3 (s)+2NH 3 (g) It is also used in the production of melamine, urea, and certain cyanide salts. (oup.com)
- At 1400°-1500°C, technical-grade calcium cyanamide combines with sodium chloride (NaCl) to form cyanide flux, which in the recent past was the major source of hydrocyanic acid and cyanide salts. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This ebook Silver Azide, Cyanide, Cyanamides, Cyanate, Selenocyanate happens examples to organisation and tree becoming in statistical administrator considered by a dropdown of economists and structure companies and solid ' changes. (crowd-estate.de)
Ammonia3
- This produces cyanamide (see ICSC 0424), ammonia, calcium hydroxide and acetylene. (inchem.org)
- Frank and Caro also noted the formation of ammonia from calcium cyanamide. (wikipedia.org)
- CaCN2 + 3 H2O → 2 NH3 + CaCO3 Albert Frank recognized the fundamental importance of this reaction as a breakthrough in the provision of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and in 1901 recommended calcium cyanamide as a nitrogen fertilizer. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds3
- The main reaction exhibited by cyanamide involves additions of compounds containing an acidic proton. (wikipedia.org)
- Metal cyanamide compounds are an emerging class of photoactive materials for solar energy applications. (rsc.org)
- cyanamide: used chiefly as a fertilizer, herbicide, and intermediate in the synthesis of nitrogen compounds. (academic.ru)
CaCN23
- Derivatives of this compound are also referred to as cyanamides, the most common being calcium cyanamide (CaCN2). (wikipedia.org)
- Calcium cyanamide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaCN2. (wikipedia.org)
- Through hydrolysis in the presence of carbon dioxide, calcium cyanamide produces cyanamide:[clarification needed] CaCN2 + H2O + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2NCN The conversion is conducted in slurries, consequently most commercial calcium cyanamide is sold as an aqueous solution. (wikipedia.org)
Crystalline2
- Undiluted cyanamide is a deliquescent, crystalline solid. (cdc.gov)
- Commercial calcium cyanamide is a crystalline substance which contains trace amounts of calcium carbide which may produce acetylene in production vessels or containers. (inchem.org)
Anion2
- It is the calcium salt of the cyanamide (CN2− 2) anion. (wikipedia.org)
- Moreover, results obtained using a difference spectrophotometric assay based upon the oxidation of haemoglobin were consistent with the catalase-dependent oxidation of sodium azide to nitric oxide (NO) and of cyanamide to nitroxyl anion. (elsevier.com)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase2
- The role of acetaldehyde in this dysfunction was also examined by inclusion of the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, cyanamide. (hindawi.com)
- Methods for analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes using high‐performance (pressure) liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine in vivo effects of disulfiram and cyanamide on canine liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoenzymes. (okstate.edu)
Urea2
- As urea (formed via the Haber-Bosch process) was significantly more nitrogen-rich (46% compared to ca. 20% nitrogen content) cheaper and faster acting, the role of calcium cyanamide was gradually reduced to a multifunctional nitrogen fertilizer in niche applications. (wikipedia.org)
- Can hydrates cyanamide to urea. (abcam.com)
20251
- In this study, 2017 has been considered as the base year and 2018 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Calcium Cyanamide. (reportsnreports.com)
Reacts with water1
- Depending on the calcium carbide content, the cyanamide reacts with water (moisture from air or soil) to produce acetylene and hydrated calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. (chemicalbook.com)
Salts1
- It is a weakly acidic compound (the parent acid of cyanamide salts) that is soluble in water and ethanol. (oup.com)
Lumpy powder1
- According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, commercially available calcium cyanamide preparations appear as a lumpy powder that is dark gray to black in color. (sfgate.com)
CaCN2
- A colourless solid, CaCN 2 , which sublimes at 1300°C. It is prepared by heating calcium dicarbide at 800°C in a stream of nitrogen:CaC 2 (s)+N 2 (g) → CaCN 2 (s)+C(s)The reaction has been used as a method of fixing nitrogen in countries in which cheap electricity is available to make the calcium dicarbide (the cyanamide process). (oup.com)
- CaCN 2 , the calcium salt of cyanamide (H 2 N-C≡N, the amide of cyanic acid). (thefreedictionary.com)
Melamine1
- For a long time calcium cyanamide was used as a raw material in the production of melamine. (thefreedictionary.com)
Disulfiram1
- Liver ALDH isoenzymes from control and disulfiram‐ or cyanamide‐treated dogs were separated by ion‐exchange HPLC, and enzyme activity was detected using a postcolumn reactor. (okstate.edu)
Sodium3
- This process requires meticulous temperature control since the melting point of calcium cyanamide is only about 120°C lower than the boiling point of sodium chloride. (wikipedia.org)
- The aim of this study was to determine the role of catalase in the smooth muscle relaxant actions of sodium azide and cyanamide. (elsevier.com)
- The effects of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole suggested a role for this enzyme in the relaxant actions of sodium azide on rat aorta and bovine retractor penis muscle and cyanamide on rat aorta. (elsevier.com)
Fertilizers5
- Cyanamide (CAS NO.420-04-2) is used as industrial raw materials, pharmaceutical, pesticide intermediates, agricultural fertilizers, plant regulators and food additives, etc. (lookchem.com)
- Calcium cyanamide is a chemical compound used in industrial agricultural fertilizers. (reportsnreports.com)
- This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and export managers whose primary concern is the world market for calcium cyanamide fertilizers. (marketresearch.com)
- I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for calcium cyanamide fertilizers for those firms serving the world via exports and foreign direct investment. (marketresearch.com)
- In what follows, this report begins by summarizing the world exporter's market for calcium cyanamide fertilizers. (marketresearch.com)
Toxic2
- If exposed to water or high temperatures, calcium cyanamide may generate toxic and flammable fumes. (chemicalbook.com)
- Calcium cyanamide is toxic. (thefreedictionary.com)
Dicyandiamide1
- Cyanamide dimerizes to give 2-cyanoguanidine (dicyandiamide). (wikipedia.org)
20162
- Global Calcium Cyanamide Sales 2016 Market Research Report is a new market research publication announced by Reportstack. (pitchengine.com)
- Then we forecast the 2016-2021 market size of Calcium Cyanamide. (pitchengine.com)
Reaction4
- A convenient method for the preparation of secondary amines which are not contaminated with primary or tertiary amines is the reaction of cyanamide with alkyl halides to N,N-dialkylcyanamides which can easily be hydrolyzed to dialkylamines and then decarboxylated. (wikipedia.org)
- A guanidino group is introduced by reaction of cyanamide with sarcosine In the industrial synthesis of creatine: This synthesis route mostly avoids problematic impurities like chloroacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, or dihydrotriazine that occur in other routes. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1901, Ferdinand Eduard Polzeniusz patented a process that converts calcium carbide to calcium cyanamide in the presence of 10% calcium chloride at 700 °C. The advantage of lowering the reaction temperature by about 400 °C, however, must be weighed against the high amount of calcium chloride required and the discontinuous process control. (wikipedia.org)
- The main reaction exhibited by cyanamide involves additions of protic reagents. (lookchem.com)
Nitrogen3
- Calcium cyanamide is also used as a wire-fed alloy in steelmaking, in order to introduce nitrogen into the steel. (wikipedia.org)
- Fertilizer-grade calcium cyanamide, which has a nitrogen content of 18-22 percent, is effective in acidic and slightly basic soils when applied during autumn plowing. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A method for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbon tubes involves preparing a solution of cyanamide and a suitable transition metal-containing salt in a solvent, evaporating the solvent to form a solid, and pyrolyzing the solid under an inert atmosphere under conditions suitable for the production of nitrogen-doped carbon tubes from the solid. (osti.gov)
Herbicide1
- Calcium cyanamide is a nitrogenous fertilizer, a defoliant, and a herbicide. (thefreedictionary.com)
Vapour1
- The entire cell was held at a temperature of 373 K, thus providing enough vapour pressure of cyanamide for the infrared absorption spectra. (osu.edu)
Centers1
- Despite these health hazards, the Centers for Disease Control says that calcium cyanamide is not a carcinogen, whether inhaled, absorbed or taken orally. (sfgate.com)
Acetylene1
- Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide . (wikipedia.org)
Hydrolysis2
- Cyanamide is produced by hydrolysis of calcium cyanamide, which in turn is prepared from calcium carbide via the Frank-Caro process. (wikipedia.org)
- Solid cyanamide is produced by careful evaporation of the solvent and subsequent addition of a hydrolysis-labile ester of formic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Microbial2
- In this study, the quicklime and calcium cyanamide treatments increased the microbial population and activity in tobacco rhizospheric soil. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Effects of calcium cyanamide on soil microbial communities and Fusarium oxysporum f. (thefreedictionary.com)
Inhalation1
- Dr. Dulak's third point is that there is no health basis for setting an inhalation limit for cyanamide (Ex. (cdc.gov)
Exposure2
- Chronic exposure to calcium cyanamide can cause long-lasting rhinitis, or nasal inflammation, and perforation of the nasal septum. (sfgate.com)
- In all cases of accidental exposure to calcium cyanamide, call the Poison Control Center. (sfgate.com)
Results showed1
- The results showed calcium cyanamide and quicklime treatment resulted in a significant increase in these indices (e. (thefreedictionary.com)