Culture media conditioned. Medical search

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Instruments or technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people with a common message: press, radio, television, etc.

Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.

CULTURE MEDIA free of serum proteins but including the minimal essential substances required for cell growth. This type of medium avoids the presence of extraneous substances that may affect cell proliferation or unwanted activation of cells.

Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.

A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; METABOLISM; and susceptibility to TERATOGENS.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Platforms that provide the ability and tools to create and publish information accessed via the INTERNET. Generally these platforms have three characteristics with content user generated, high degree of interaction between creator and viewer, and easily integrated with other sites.

A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The means of interchanging or transmitting and receiving information. Historically the media were written: books, journals, newspapers, and other publications; in the modern age the media include, in addition, radio, television, computers, and information networks.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -Gly in the sequence -Pro-Xaa-Gly-Pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from Clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other variants have been isolated from Bacillus cereus, Empedobacter collagenolyticum, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, and species of Vibrio and Streptomyces. EC 3.4.24.3.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Embryonic and fetal development that takes place in an artificial environment in vitro.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.

Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

A dipolar ionic buffer.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.

A compound originally developed as an anticoagulant, but possessing anticomplement action and lowering the bactericidal action of blood. It is used in vitro to inhibit blood coagulation and as a diagnostic reagent to encourage the growth of pathogens in the blood. It is also used to stabilize colloidal solutions such as milk and gelatin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

An early embryo that is a compact mass of about 16 BLASTOMERES. It resembles a cluster of mulberries with two types of cells, outer cells and inner cells. Morula is the stage before BLASTULA in non-mammalian animals or a BLASTOCYST in mammals.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The clear portion of BLOOD that is left after BLOOD COAGULATION to remove BLOOD CELLS and clotting proteins.

The process by which a tissue or aggregate of cells is kept alive outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

Techniques used in microbiology.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The study, utilization, and manipulation of those microorganisms capable of economically producing desirable substances or changes in substances, and the control of undesirable microorganisms.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Solutions that have a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.

Centers for storing various parts of the eye for future use.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Physiological processes and properties of the BLOOD.

A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.

Insulated enclosures in which temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, reproduction, or metabolic reactions.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

A genus of gram-negative, mostly facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family MYCOPLASMATACEAE. The cells are bounded by a PLASMA MEMBRANE and lack a true CELL WALL. Its organisms are pathogens found on the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of humans, ANIMALS, and BIRDS.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2COOH).

A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

Axin prevents Wnt-3a-induced accumulation of beta-catenin. (1/4091)

When Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, was expressed in COS cells, it coeluted with glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), beta-catenin, and adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) in a high molecular weight fraction on gel filtration column chromatography. In this fraction, GSK-3beta, beta-catenin, and APC were co-precipitated with Axin. Although beta-catenin was detected in the high molecular weight fraction in L cells on gel filtration column chromatography, addition of conditioned medium expressing Wnt-3a to the cells increased beta-catenin in the low molecular weight fraction. However, Wnt-3a-dependent accumulation of beta-catenin was greatly inhibited in L cells stably expressing Axin. Axin also suppressed Wnt-3a-dependent activation of Tcf-4 which binds to beta-catenin and acts as a transcription factor. These results suggest that Axin forms a complex with GSK-3beta, beta-catenin, and APC, resulting in the stimulation of the degradation of beta-catenin and that Wnt-3a induces the dissociation of beta-catenin from the Axin complex and accumulates beta-catenin. (+info)

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel angiopoietin family protein, angiopoietin-3. (2/4091)

Using homology-based PCR, we have isolated cDNA encoding a novel member (491 amino acids) of the angiopoietin (Ang) family from human adult heart cDNA and have designated it angiopoietin-3 (Ang3). The NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal portions of Ang-3 contain the characteristic coiled-coil domain and fibrinogen-like domain that are conserved in other known Angs. Ang3 has a highly hydrophobic region at the N-terminus (approximately 21 amino acids) that is typical of a signal sequence for protein secretion. Ang3 mRNA is most abundant in adrenal gland, placenta, thyroid gland, heart and small intestine in human adult tissues. Additionally, Ang3 is a secretory protein, but is not a mitogen in endothelial cells. (+info)

Microvessels from Alzheimer's disease brains kill neurons in vitro. (3/4091)

Understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is of widespread interest because it is an increasingly prevalent disorder that is progressive, fatal, and currently untreatable. The dementia of Alzheimer's disease is caused by neuronal cell death. We demonstrate for the first time that blood vessels isolated from the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients can directly kill neurons in vitro. Either direct co-culture of Alzheimer's disease microvessels with neurons or incubation of cultured neurons with conditioned medium from microvessels results in neuronal cell death. In contrast, vessels from elderly nondemented donors are significantly (P<0.001) less lethal and brain vessels from younger donors are not neurotoxic. Neuronal killing by either direct co-culture with Alzheimer's disease microvessels or conditioned medium is dose- and time-dependent. Neuronal death can occur by either apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms. The microvessel factor is neurospecific, killing primary cortical neurons, cerebellar granule neurons, and differentiated PC-12 cells, but not non-neuronal cell types or undifferentiated PC-12 cells. Appearance of the neurotoxic factor is decreased by blocking microvessel protein synthesis with cycloheximide. The neurotoxic factor is soluble and likely a protein, because its activity is heat labile and trypsin sensitive. These findings implicate a novel mechanism of vascular-mediated neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. (+info)

Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts favors neutrophil migration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion by the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. (4/4091)

Fibroblasts are important effector cells having a potential role in augmenting the inflammatory responses in various diseases. In infantile diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), the mechanism of inflammatory reactions at the mucosal site remains unknown. Although the potential involvement of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of cryptococcus-induced diarrhea in pigs has been suggested, the precise role of lamina propria fibroblasts in the cellular pathogenesis of intestinal infection and inflammation caused by EPEC requires elucidation. Earlier we reported the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis and downregulation of nitric oxide in lamina propria fibroblasts. In this report, we present the profile of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the cultured and characterized human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts in relation to neutrophil migration and adhesion in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from EPEC 055:B5. Upon interaction with LPS (1-10 micrograms/ml), lamina propria fibroblasts produced a high level of proinflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) such as intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM), A-CAM, N-CAM and vitronectin in a time-dependent manner. LPS induced cell-associated IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, and IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha as soluble form in the supernatant. Apart from ICAM, vitronectin, A-CAM, and N-CAM proteins were strongly induced in lamina propria fibroblasts by LPS. Adhesion of PBMC to LPS-treated lamina propria fibroblasts was ICAM-dependent. LPS-induced ICAM expression in lamina propria fibroblasts was modulated by whole blood, PBMC and neutrophils. Conditioned medium of LPS-treated lamina propria fibroblasts remarkably enhanced the neutrophil migration. The migration of neutrophils was inhibited by anti-IL-8 antibody. Co-culture of fibroblasts with neutrophils using polycarbonate membrane filters exhibited time-dependent migration of neutrophils. These findings indicate that the coordinate production of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in lamina propria fibroblasts which do not classically belong to the immune system can influence the local inflammatory reactions at the intestinal mucosal site during bacterial infections and can influence the immune cell population residing in the lamina propria. (+info)

Generation and characterization of aggrecanase. A soluble, cartilage-derived aggrecan-degrading activity. (5/4091)

A method was developed for generating soluble, active "aggrecanase" in conditioned media from interleukin-1-stimulated bovine nasal cartilage cultures. Using bovine nasal cartilage conditioned media as a source of the aggrecanase enzyme, an enzymatic assay was established employing purified aggrecan monomers as a substrate and monitoring specific aggrecanase-mediated cleavage products by Western analysis using the monoclonal antibody, BC-3 (which recognizes the new N terminus, ARGS, on fragments produced by cleavage between amino acid residues Glu373 and Ala374). Using this assay we have characterized cartilage aggrecanase with respect to assay kinetics, pH and salt optima, heat sensitivity, and stability upon storage. Aggrecanase activity was inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor, EDTA, while a panel of inhibitors of serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteinases had no effect, suggesting that aggrecanase is a metalloproteinase. Sensitivity to known matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as well as to the endogenous tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, further support the notion that aggrecanase is a metalloproteinase potentially related to the ADAM family or MMP family of proteases previously implicated in the catabolism of the extracellular matrix. (+info)

Bile duct epithelial cells exposed to alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate produce a factor that causes neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury in vitro. (6/4091)

The acute hepatotoxicity induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in rats is manifested as neutrophil-dependent necrosis of bile duct epithelial cells (BDECs) and hepatic parenchymal cells. This hepatotoxicity mirrors that of drug-induced cholangiolitic hepatitis in humans. Since BDECs are primary targets of ANIT-induced toxicity, we hypothesized that after exposure to ANIT, BDECs produce a factor(s) that causes neutrophil chemotaxis and neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury. To test this hypothesis BDECs were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and incubated with ANIT (6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 microM) or vehicle for 24 h. The conditioned medium (CM) was collected and placed in the bottom chamber of a two-chambered chemotaxis system, while isolated neutrophils were placed in the top chamber. Chemotaxis was indicated by neutrophil migration through a membrane to the bottom chamber. CM from BDECs exposed to each concentration of ANIT was chemotactic, whereas CM from vehicle-treated BDECs was not. ANIT alone caused a modest degree of chemotaxis at 50 microM. The conditioned media were added to isolated hepatocytes or to hepatocyte-neutrophil cocultures and incubated for 24 h. Hepatocyte toxicity was indicated by alanine aminotransferase release into the culture medium. CM from vehicle-treated BDECs did not cause hepatocyte killing in either hepatocyte-neutrophil cocultures or hepatocyte cultures. In contrast, the addition of CM from ANIT-treated BDECs (CM-BDEC-A) to hepatocyte-neutrophil cocultures resulted in hepatocyte killing. The same CM was not cytotoxic to hepatocyte cultures devoid of neutrophils. The hepatocyte killing could not be explained by residual ANIT in the CM, which was below the limit of detection (< or = 0.5 microM). The addition of antiproteases afforded protection against neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury induced by CM-BDEC-A. These results indicate that ANIT causes BDECs to release a factor(s) that attracts neutrophils and stimulates them to injure hepatocytes in vitro. (+info)

A vascular bed-specific pathway. (7/4091)

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene is induced by a variety of extracellular signals under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying environmental regulation of eNos expression, transgenic mice were generated with the 1,600-bp 5' flanking region of the human eNos promoter coupled to the coding region of the LacZ gene. In multiple independent lines of mice, transgene expression was detected within the endothelium of the brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and aorta. beta-galactosidase activity was consistently absent in the vascular beds of the liver, kidney, and spleen. In stable transfection assays of murine endothelial progenitor cells, the 1,600-bp promoter region was selectively induced by conditioned media from cardiac myocytes, skeletal myocytes, and brain astrocytes. Cardiac myocyte-mediated induction was partly abrogated by neutralizing anti-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antibodies. In addition, promoter activity was upregulated by PDGF-AB. Analysis of promoter deletions revealed that a PDGF response element lies between -744 and -1,600 relative to the start site of transcription, whereas a PDGF-independent cardiac myocyte response element is present within the first 166 bp of the 5' flanking region. Taken together, these results suggest that the eNos gene is regulated in the cardiac endothelium by both a PDGF-dependent and PDGF-independent microvascular bed-specific signaling pathway. (+info)

Colonization of in vitro-formed cervical human papillomavirus- associated (pre)neoplastic lesions with dendritic cells: role of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (8/4091)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of CD1a+ Langerhans/dendritic cells (LCs/DCs) to infiltrate human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated (pre)neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. Migration of LCs/DCs in the presence of keratinocytes derived from normal cervix and HPV-transformed cell lines was evaluated in Boyden chambers and in organotypic cultures and correlated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by the cells, as determined by ELISA. Conditioned media of HPV-transformed keratinocytes contained lower amounts of GM-CSF and induced a decreased motile response of LCs/DCs in the Boyden chamber assay compared with those of normal cervical keratinocytes. The migration of LCs/DCs in the presence of conditioned media from normal keratinocytes could be blocked by an anti-GM-CSF antibody, and the migration of LCs/DCs in the presence of conditioned media from HPV-transformed keratinocytes could be increased by supplementing the media with recombinant GM-CSF. GM-CSF was also a potent factor in enhancing the colonization of LCs/DCs into organotypic cultures of HPV-transformed keratinocytes, as the infiltration of LCs/DCs in the in vitro-formed (pre)neoplastic epithelium was minimal under basal conditions and dramatically increased after the addition of GM-CSF to the cultures. These results suggest that GM-CSF could play an important role in the recruitment of LCs/DCs into the HPV-transformed (pre)neoplastic cervical epithelium and be useful as a new immunotherapeutic approach for cervical (pre)cancers. (+info)

Culture-media conditioned by macrophages can be used. Production in cell culture is usually preferred as the ascites technique ... The selective culture medium is called HAT medium because it contains hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine. This medium is ... Cell culture sample contaminants consist primarily of media components such as growth factors, hormones and transferrins. In ... Depending on the complexity of the media required in cell culture and thus the contaminants, one or the other method (in vivo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody

Three colony morphologies can be observed when the bacteria is cultured on solid media. Younger colonies tend to form a flat ... mirabilis is capable of growing in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions; however it grows best under aerobic conditions. ... Furthermore, when L. mirabilis is inoculated onto selective media, no growth can be observed. When grown in a broth culture, ... It is typically found on the edge of a colony after one day of culture. Between three and nine flagella project out from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautropia_mirabilis

Banaji, Shakuntala (October 1, 2011). South Asian Media Cultures: Audiences, Representations, Contexts (Anthem South Asian ... The movie hall on the 4th floor is fully air-conditioned. There is a community center, a residential hotel and 40 shops inside ... South Asian Media Cultures: Audiences, Representations, Contexts (Anthem South Asian Studies). Anthem Press. p. 82. ISBN 978- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monihar

"The cinematic condition of the politico-philosophical future". Scan: Journal of Media Arts Culture. "TRANSFORMATIONS Journal of ... "TRANSFORMATIONS Journal of Media & Culture". www.transformationsjournal.org. Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. ... 2007) "Technics, Media, Teleology: Interview with Bernard Stiegler," Theory, Culture & Society 24 (7-8): 334-41. (2009) "The ... Mark B. N. Hansen, "Media Theory," Theory, Culture & Society 23 (2006): 297-306. Conor Heaney, "Rhythmic Nootechnics: Stiegler ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Stiegler

V6 in synthetic media under shaking culture conditions". Bioresour. Technol. 86 (3): 215-219. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00176-1 ... Both static and agitated cultures are not feasible for large-scale production as static cultures have a long culture period as ... Cellulose production depends heavily on several factors such as the growth medium, environmental conditions, and the formation ... doi:10.1016/S0922-338X(97)82059-4. Bae, S.; Shoda, M. (2005). "Statistical optimization of culture conditions for bacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cellulose

... culture conditions (e.g., HAM F10 nutrient medium: 16.55 g/L; DMEM/ F12 medium: 16.78 g/L; DMEM high glucose and L-glutamine ... in the culture media will facilitate amplified production of ECM-rich living substitutes. Macromolecular crowding, by imitating ... The study of biochemical processes under realistically crowded conditions is very important, since these conditions are a ... Such conditions occur routinely in living cells; for instance, the cytosol of Escherichia coli contains about 300-400 mg/ml of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromolecular_crowding

The resulting shapes depend on the growth conditions. In particular, stresses (hardness of the culture medium, lack of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_formation

C. canimorsus requires very specific culture media and conditions; enriched media are necessary. C. canimorsus displays ... C. canimorsus requires the right medium for growth. The bacterium cultures well on blood agar plates (heart infusion agar with ... Common practice for culturing isolates is to keep agar plates for one week; sometimes, cultures of C. canimorsus are not ... C. canimorsus requires large amounts of iron to grow, so these conditions are optimal for the bacillus. Of the cases presented ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capnocytophaga_canimorsus

... invertebrate culture media, vertebrate bedding materials and animal feed. They thrive in humid conditions and on damp materials ... Media related to Acaridae at Wikimedia Commons Stuart M. Bennett (2003): Acarus siro (Flour Mite) (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaridae

... culture, sports and tourism; Encouraging interaction of mass media and other means of communication; Strengthening cooperation ... Creating favorable conditions for trade and investment; Aiming for comprehensive and balanced economic growth, social and ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Organization of Turkic States. Official website Text of Nakhchivan Agreement (CS1 ... The projects are grouped under six cooperation processes, which are: economy, culture, education, transport, customs, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States

The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. Wikimedia Commons has media ... The church remains in good condition. It was once surrounded by a castle wall, but this was largely demolished by 1871, when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_Church,_Câmpia_Turzii

The first one is by varying the initial seed density in the culture medium. The second is by changing the conditions of the ... The third is by the addition of additives such as proteins or growth hormones to the culture medium to promote growth. The ... During long-term culture, mesenchymal stem cells age, lose their ability to differentiate, and have a higher chance to undergo ... Genetic mutations in stem cells as well as conditions at target tissue may result in formation of a cancerous tumor. Studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_uses_of_mesenchymal_stem_cells

Also, he has studied culture/ethnicity, media influences, interpersonal processes, self/identity, self-affirmation theory and ... In a third condition, the soundbites were left in, but the audience reaction was edited out. In the unedited condition, the ... In one condition, there was no manipulation of the tape. In another condition, two brief, amusing "soundbites" by Reagan that ... In the condition in which the soundbites were cut out, the preference for Reagan was completely eliminated, showing how strong ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Fein

Colman's specialities include visual art, culture, and screen media forms, and creative philosophy. Colman, F., Bühlmann, V., ... O'Donnell, A. and van der Tuin, I. (2018). Ethics of Coding: A Report on the Algorithmic Condition [EoC]. H2020-EU.2.1.1. - ... Felicity Colman is a Creative Media Arts theorist. She is Professor of Film and Media Arts. She is the Associate Dean of ... where she held various positions in art and media at the Manchester School of Art from 2009-2017. Prior to this Colman held a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicity_Colman

Several studies have optimized the growing conditions of Bartonella spp. cultures in these liquid media, with no change in ... Riess, T (2008). "Analysis of a novel insect cell culture medium-based growth medium for Bartonella species". Appl Environ ... Insect-based liquid media supports the growth and co-culturing of at least seven Bartonella species, reduces bacterial ... Bartonella growth rates improve when cultured in an enrichment inoculation step in a liquid insect-based medium such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonellosis

Enhanced somatic embryo production by conditioned media in cell suspension cultures of Daucus carota. Biotechnol Lett 14:837- ... Certain compounds excreted by plant tissue cultures and found in culture media have been shown necessary to coordinate cell ... After callus formation, culturing on a low auxin or hormone free media will promote somatic embryo growth and root formation. ... Plant growth regulators in the tissue culture medium can be manipulated to induce callus formation and subsequently changed to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_embryogenesis

O. hominis may be cultured from clinical specimens such as nasopharyngeal swabs on solid media including blood agar, chocolate ... It requires microaerobic conditions and high humidity. Colonies grow slowly in a mixed bacterial sample and may require up to 5 ... Lawrence, K.A. (2019). "Method for culturing Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis". Journal of Microbial Methods. 159: 157-160. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithobacterium_hominis

Women of color have had a large influence in hip hop culture that often goes unrecognized in the media. When they are ... The conditions in the Bronx and other low income areas were substandard; issues facing the community included insufficient ... After recognizing these trends in hip hop/rap lyrics, mainstream media accredited hip hop culture with being inherently ... In the early 2000s Latina women became the beauty ideal in hip hop culture. Rappers would travel to Brazil and other places in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_stereotypes_in_hip_hop

On 22 July 2005 the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, Tessa Jowell, rejected a proposal to remove the building's ... with an indispensable condition of the proposed transfer being that "the buildings and funds of the Imperial Institute must not ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) "Letter to the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and the ... Application by the Commonwealth Institute to the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport for a Review of the Statutory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Education_Trust

Tourette's is a misunderstood and stigmatized condition, often mentioned in the popular media. Tourette syndrome was once ... and treatment of TS in the media and popular culture. Tourette syndrome is an inherited neurological disorder with onset in ... His condition was reported to have been aggravated by drug use. Some viewers expressed concern that the show had exploited ... Social media campaigns supported by the Tourette Association of America have been used to encourage engagement with legislative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_and_cultural_aspects_of_Tourette_syndrome

... growth was studied by Nguyen for bamboo shoots cultured with and without sugar and different photoperiods on the agar medium. ... Their survival rate was 20% higher than the shoots grown under photomixotrophic conditions. "The Plant List: A Working List of ... The shoots grown under photoautrophic conditions weighed more and produced more new leaves. ... sugar-free medium) Micropropagation as a New Micropropagation and Transplant Production System. Springer. p. 129. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrsostachys_siamensis

8 days of culture in a serum-free medium 8 days of culture in a serum-free medium with activin A 4 days of culture on membranes ... Improving the culture conditions may increase the maturation rates and the potential of IVM oocytes. Besides that, in mouse ... The oocytes are then cultured in media containing nutrients important for oocyte survival, such as gonadotrophins, growth ... In IVM, immature oocytes are removed from the antral follicle of a woman and then are matured in vitro in a culture rich in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_maturation

In 2017 Hull was awarded the title of 'City of Culture' by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Within the ... Statistics of Population on 29 September 1939 by Sex, Age and Marital Condition. b The Hull Daily Mail article indicates the ... "Deadline passes for UK City of Culture 2017 bids". BBC News. BBC. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013. "UK City of Culture 2017 ... "Hull named UK City of Culture 2017". BBC News. BBC. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013. "Hull City of Culture ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull

Increasing success rate of crystallisation projects Production of digested protein used in growth media to culture bacteria and ... The half life of a peptide bond under normal conditions can range from 7 years to 350 years, even higher for peptides protected ... Analysis of the stability of folded domain under a wide range of conditions. ... points may be degraded much faster than those enzymes whose activity is largely constant under all physiological conditions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis

Under anoxic conditions, the bacteria inhabiting algae cultures break down the organic material and produce hydrogen sulfide ... Effects of medium salinity". Biomass. Elsevier Ltd. 17 (1): 65-76. doi:10.1016/0144-4565(88)90071-6. Gilbert V. Levin; John R. ... Algal culture is the culturing of algae in ponds or other resources. Maximum productivity occurs when the "exchange rate" (time ... Individual species cultures are also much needed for research purposes. A common method of obtaining pure cultures is serial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaculture

Shi Xiujuan (2009). "Screening of Pleurotus cornucopiae varieties and culture media suitable to Baoshan local conditions". Acta ... Media related to Pleurotus cornucopiae at Wikimedia Commons Pleurotus cornucopiae in Index Fungorum "Pleurotus cornucopiae". ... cornucopiae and reported that it in the Shanghai area an appropriate growth medium is cotton-seed hulls and wood-chips, with 65 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurotus_cornucopiae

Serum-free culture media. Culture media is an instrumental part of cellular agriculture and generating cultured tissue because ... Culture conditions. As mammalian cells digest and metabolize glucose, they produce byproducts such as lactic acid which ... These stem cells are then immersed into a culture medium so that they can proliferate. Culture media consist of basal media, ... Instead, insect cell medium typically uses a basal medium (such as Eagle's Medium, Grace's Insect Medium or Schneider's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomoculture

Retrieved 2010-10-21 Richard T. Robertson School of Media and Culture. "About". Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved ... History and Present Condition of the Newspaper and Periodical Press of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing ... 31, 1800+ Virginia media List of radio stations in Virginia List of television stations in Virginia Media of cities in Virginia ... Journalists from Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Robertson School of Media and Culture (est. 1978), in Richmond ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Virginia

In the past[when?] when bacteria were no longer growing on culture media it was assumed that they were dead. Now we can ... Insects undergo a type of dormancy to survive these conditions, called diapause. Diapause may be obligatory for these insects ... Under typical conditions, molecular chaperones facilitate changes in shape (conformational change) of macromolecules in ... Biostasis is found in organisms that live in habitats that likely encounter unfavorable living conditions, such as drought, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostasis

In embryo culture, the embryo is excised and placed into a culture medium with proper nutrient in aseptic condition. To obtain ... Rapid production of callus after placing the explants in culture medium Stage II: The callus is transferred to other medium ... The protoplast are first cultured in liquid medium at 25 to 28 C with a light intensity of 100 to 500 lux or in dark and after ... cell can be isolated with the help of wall degrading enzymes and growth in a suitable culture medium in a controlled condition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropropagation

Moratto, Michael J. "Culture History of the New Melones Reservoir Area, Calaveras and Tuolumne County, California" (PDF). ... ISBN 0-74253-139-2. Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Melones Dam. New Melones Dam New Melones Power Plant Post-Audit ... although this figure may be lowered depending on flow conditions in the San Joaquin River. Between 1978 and 2010 the dam ... for actions such as the construction of dams or other instream activities that would harm the river's free-flowing condition, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Melones_Dam

But on these conditions: everything must be as it has been hitherto-that is, she must live in Moscow while I live in the ... served as a revolutionary backbone to what is common sense to the medium of acting to this day: an effort to recreate and ... culture and film studies works dedicated to Anton Chekhov's life and creative work (in Russian) Documentary 2010: Tschechow ... This realistic manifestation of the human condition may engender in audiences reflection upon what it means to be human. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov

He refused all media requests for interviews. Belhomme, Albert Constant (Sgt.). A native of Belgium who emigrated to the United ... He raised a family, and has given interviews to the press on the condition that his location not be disclosed. Pate, Arlie (Cpl ... Zweiback, Adam J. (1998). "The 21 "Turncoat Gis": Nonrepatriations and the Political Culture of the Korean War". The Historian ... of the French diplomat Philipe Baudet whom he met while working as an English teacher at the Beijing Language and Culture ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_and_British_defectors_in_the_Korean_War

The use of art in this time could be aesthetic, practical, ritual or religious, depending on the culture and the resources ... They also provided excellent conditions for the preservation of artwork (in churches, cloisters, etc.), until they were ... CADA represented the political opposition of the time and became critics of the media. Promoción 80, or Eighties Prom, was a ... Northern cultures, like the Diaguita, preferred geometric figures and used pottery and petroglyphs extensively. The Mapuche ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilean_art

As a Harvard man, I shall devote my life to bettering the condition of the black man, and especially to secure his admittance ... "Baseball Media Center: The W.C. Matthews Trophy". Harvard Baseball. Retrieved October 30, 2012. (CS1: Julian-Gregorian ... A Journal of Baseball History and Culture. 17 (1): 37-53. doi:10.1353/nin.0.0006. S2CID 154202908. Lindholm, Karl (1996). " ... I should think that Americans should rise up in revolt against such a condition. Many negroes are brilliant players and should ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clarence_Matthews

... sex-work-culture.pdf RenegadeCast: Evaluating Podcast Social Media as a Health Promotion Tool for Sex Workers & Adult ... "Working Conditions, HIV, STIs and Hep. C Among Female Sex Workers in San Francisco" SWEAT Study data prepared by Alix Lutnick ... There are many factors which affect the working conditions and experiences for all sex workers including the political and ... "RenegadeCast: Evaluating Podcast Social Media as a Health Promotion Tool for Sex Workers & Adult Entertainers with Internet ...

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On the same day, Józef Piłsudski sent a letter to the head office, in which he outlined the conditions of re-entry to the ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kazimierz Bartel. Rzuty cechowane Nürnberg. Crimes against humanity (Volume 5) (Russian ... Kazimierz Bartel (1882-1941) by J. B. Deregowski MacTutor biography The growth of mathematical culture in the Lvov area in the ... that would agree to cooperate on the terms and conditions of the British government. On 19 June 1941 Bartel's candidacy was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel

The artists, both men and women, work in many different mediums and represent their Lardil and Kaiadilt cultures in their ... Belcher ran a more humane administration than his predecessors, and respected the Lardil culture. Mission conditions were not ... The art centre works with Kaiadilt elders to help revive their language and culture. There is also a significant history of ... The school works with the art centre and Kaiadilt elders to help revive their language and culture. There are no schools ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornington_Island

Newspapers were one of the few mediums of Indies communication to the Dutch parliament, and as editor of the De Locomotief, the ... Proponents of the Policy argued that financial transfers should not be made to the Netherlands while conditions for the ... of other colonial powers in emphasising material welfare rather than a transfer of culture. The educational component of the ... Supporters of the Policy were concerned about the social and cultural conditions holding back the native population. They tried ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Ethical_Policy

... bounded to the south by Syria and Mesopotamia and to the east by that part of Media known as Media Atropatene, which represents ... The ascendancy of Greek, and by extension European culture in an area predominantly influenced by Asia to date was to leave a ... He had made his capital, Antioch, but found conditions in the East deteriorating again with the Goths pouring into Thrace. In ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient Anatolia. History of Anatolia Prehistory of Anatolia Ancient Regions of Anatolia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Anatolia

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Venus Anadyomenes. Venus Anadyomene, Roman villa of Petit-Corbin, Gironde (Musée du ... In the time of Nero, owing to its dilapidated condition, it was replaced by a copy made by the painter Dorotheus. Pliny, ... "This extraordinary conservatism may perhaps be explained by the fact that the culture of the last pagan centuries remained ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_Anadyomene

Lai's racy publications were described as having a great impact on the country's hitherto staid media culture. Lai's ... On 2 December 2020, Lai reported to the police station as part of his bail condition for his August arrest related to on-going ... In 2011, Next Media reportedly sold 70 per cent stake of Next Media's subsidiary Colored World Holdings (CWH, incorporated in ... "Media mogul Jimmy Lai charged with fraud - RTHK". RTHK. Retrieved 3 December 2020. Soo, Zen (3 December 2020). "Hong Kong media ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Lai

The culture of the Assyrian elite was strongly influenced by Babylonia in the south; in a vein similar to how Greek ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Assyria. Ancient Near East Chronology of the ancient Near East History of Mesopotamia ... collecting taxes in the form of labor and goods and keeping the administration informed of the conditions of their settlements ... Ethnicity and culture are largely based in self-perception and self-designation. A distinct Assyrian identity seems to have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria

There is a wide range of leadership cultures and styles between the three main colony varieties. In some cases very dominant ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hutterites. Christianity portal Amish & Mennonite Heritage Center Anabaptist Museum ( ... and those who settled on private farms according to the conditions of the Homestead Act of 1862. The homesteaders were called ... "BBC - Inside The Bruderhof - Media Centre". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved October 10, 2019. "Fort Pitt Hutterite Colony (Frenchman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutterites

Crime is a substantial element in media news reporting. Media research is now determining whether the coverage of crime is ... The left avoids the issue of morality and crime which denies earlier work in Marxist criminology linking crime and the culture ... and so the condition of the underclass became hopeless. Box (1987) sums up the research into crime and unemployment at pp96-7: ... A further factor currently being researched is the role of the media in the social construction of "hot spots" or dangerous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-collar_crime

and Accompanying eight photos and Accompanying map Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fifth Street Historic District. ( ... and the Legacy Museum of African American History hosts a number of changing exhibits about black culture in the region. For ... travelers who might need to halt at the south side of the river to wait for the appropriate time of day or weather conditions ... sponsored the Legacy Project to provide educational exhibits and programs on the history and culture of African Americans in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Street_Historic_District

James Hulbert writes: In such historical conditions, an incalculable amount of the writings of the Anglo-Saxon period perished ... culture, and people. While it remains the normal term for the latter two aspects, the language began to be called Old English ... Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader/An Outline of Anglo-Saxon Grammar Wikimedia Commons has media related to Old English language. Old ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English

"Explanatory momerandum to the Age Appropriate Design Code". The U.K. Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport. 11 June ... In formulating his categorical imperative (kategorischer Imperativ), Kant suggested that humans, as a condition of their ... The Audiovisual Media Services Directive, regulating the freedom of information in the domain of Audiovisual Media Services as ... Digital literacy and media literacy have been proposed as necessary for individuals to acquire the knowledge and skills to use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_self-determination

However, in Hong Kong, the lease versus licensed hawker restrictions have put a burden on this mobile food culture. The term ... the bill made conditions more difficult for vendors as they have become more heavily scrutinized. In the capital city of Dhaka ... 2002 136 pages Media related to hawkers at Wikimedia Commons (CS1 maint: archived copy as title, CS1 Spanish-language sources ( ... Due to health concerns and other liability problems, the food culture has been seriously challenged in Indonesia, though ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_(trade)

These writings included: An Address to the Public (1789) A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks (1789) Sidi ... Olsen, Neil C. (2013). Pursuing Happiness: The Organizational Culture of the Continental Congress. Nonagram Publications. ISBN ... Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks ... Philosophers of culture, Philosophers of education, Philosophers of ethics and morality, Philosophers of history, Philosophers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin

Skin conditions resulting from physical factors, Sports injuries, Martial arts culture, Wrestling culture, Rugby league ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cauliflower ear. Medicinenet.com (Articles with short description, Short description ... The condition is common in martial arts such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu, wrestling, boxing, kickboxing, judo or mixed martial arts ... Cauliflower ear is an irreversible condition that occurs when the external portion of the ear is hit and develops a blood clot ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauliflower_ear

1938) A Medium is one whose organism is sensitive to vibrations from the spirit world and through whose instrumentality, ... and American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 10. Association, National Spiritualist. Spiritualist Manual. ... curative force to pathologic conditions. (1930, 1993) The Phenomena of Spiritualism consists of Prophecy, Clairvoyance, ... To these reasons, early leaders added the material support of spirit mediums and healers, just as other religious groups ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Spiritualist_Association_of_Churches

So an air-conditioned, carpeted room with 16 computer terminals was a stark contrast to the rest of the college. At times the ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to PLATO system. Bitzer, Donald L, Oral history interview, Charles Babbage Institute, ... Bitzer was more forthright about CDC's failure, blaming their corporate culture for the problems. He noted that development of ... Many alumni of the University of Illinois School of Music PLATO Project gained early hands-on experience in computing and media ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLATO_(computer_system)

In the early 1980s, the media began to call this style "breakdance", which in 1991 the New York Times wrote was "an art as ... "DJ Kool Herc - Health, Condition". Archived from the original on February 3, 2011. Retrieved January 30, 2010. Headlines, ... him with an education in New York City street culture. He began running with a graffiti crew called the Ex-Vandals, taking the ... ed., London: Serpent's Tail, 2000 ISBN 978-1-85242-627-9 DJ Kool Herc at Wikipedia's sister projects Media from Commons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Kool_Herc

Media reports have reported a decline in the local African population since 2014 with stricter immigration cited as one of the ... Studies on the Law and Legal Culture of China. Vol. 9. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 155-160. doi:10.5771/9783748907817. ISBN ... thanks to which we were able to save the lives of some African patients in severe or critical conditions. He also said in the ... The Consulate further raised a travel warning to announce the discrimination condition against African-Americans in Guangzhou ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou

DIC is used for imaging live and unstained biological samples, such as a smear from a tissue culture or individual water borne ... Its resolution[specify] and clarity in conditions such as this are unrivaled among standard optical microscopy techniques. One ... This is due to the similarity of refractive index of most samples and the media they are in: for example, a cell in water only ... Image quality, when used under suitable conditions, is outstanding in resolution and almost entirely free of artifacts unlike ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_interference_contrast_microscopy

In 1964, Marshall McLuhan, a noted media theorist, suggested in his book, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, that "[t] ... There are five conditions to violate the first precept: The being must be alive. There must be the knowledge that it is a ... Criticism for the violent aspects of video game culture has come from a number of anti-violence groups, and perhaps the most ... Kirsh, Stephen J. Children, Adolescents, and Media Violence - A Critical Look at the Research. Media Violence and the Concept ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game

The temperature optimum for this organism is around 35 °C. Based on environmental conditions, culture medium often has a pH ... Kebede E, Ahlgren G (October 1996). "Optimum growth conditions and light utilization efficiency of Spirulina platensis (= ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrospira_platensis

From the harsh economic conditions of the time came about the glamorous 1930s in film, and the glamorous clothing worn seen on ... As a result of the enormous increase in influence of the internet and social media, these bags quickly became very popular ... Fashion styles were inspired by previous decades, hinting at both nostalgia and an interest in other cultures. The current ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_oversized_fashion_in_the_United_States_since_the_1920s

"Conditions: Five." Bitch Media, 5 May 2009. Web. 21 May 2016. [1] But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies. The Feminist ... Bethel has taught and lectured on black women's literature and black female culture at various institutions. She currently ... "Conditions: Five". Bitch Media. Retrieved 2021-03-29. Hull, Akasha Gloria; Bell-Scott, Patricia; Smith, Barbara (1982). All the ... "Conditions: A Magazine of Writing by Women With an Emphasis on Writing by Lesbians". Emory Libraries Blog. 2012-11-16. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorraine_Bethel

... and full-term placental tissue was selected as the tissue research object to detect the effects of their conditioned medium (CM ... Placental cell-derived CM collected at 24 h or 48 h had the best effect, and sub-cultured placental tissue-derived CM collected ... The results showed that not only placental cells but also sub-cultured placental tissue, to some extent, promoted HUVEC ... We successfully isolated primary hPDMSCs and CTBs, collected CM from these placental cells and sub-cultured placental tissue, ...

https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-021-02192-1/figures/2

Enzyme activity depends decisively on defined conditions with respect to pH, temperature, ionic strength of the buffer, ... The COX activity was enhanced by 1.71 folds after optimization of the reaction conditions. ... 1.1 U/ml at simulated optimum assay conditions. MSE and MAPE depicted the precision in the prediction efficiency of the ... Medium Components and Culture Conditions. The production medium for COX contained (g/L): cholesterol―2, glucose―12, starch―9, ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=91707

Panax Ginseng Meristem Cell Culture Conditioned Media is the growth media removed from cultures of meristem cells isolated from ... PANAX GINSENG MERISTEM CELL CULTURE CONDITIONED MEDIA. antimikrobinen aine, antioksidantti ...

https://incihaku.fi/ainesosa/21227/panax-ginseng-meristem-cell-culture-conditioned-media

It has been reported that conditioned media from MSCs could improve the colitis, whereas the therapeutic efficiency could be ... we pre-treated the adipose derived MSCs with the serum from colitis rats and then the activated conditioned media (CM-AcMSC) ... we pre-treated the adipose derived MSCs with the serum from colitis rats and then the activated conditioned media (CM-AcMSC) ... from colitis rats could promote the production of paracrine factors and improve the therapeutic effects of conditioned medium ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.694908/full

... culture, and the modern condition hosted by James Brown.,br /,,hr,,p style=color:grey; font-size:0.75em;, See ,a style=color ... A show about media, culture, and the modern condition hosted by James Brown.. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out ...

https://jamesbrowntv.libsyn.com/website/2021/05

The Communication of Fan Culture: The Impact of New Media on Science Fiction and Fantasy Fandom Gooch, Betsy (Georgia ... Historically, fan culture has played an enormous role in the creation and development of science fiction and fantasy, and the ...

https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/61578

Nanoparticle growth and surface chemistry changes in cell-conditioned culture medium.. Kendall, Michaela; Hodges, Nikolas J; ... we studied ENPs in conditioned medium from A549 cell culture, using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and linear trap quadrupole ... indicating inter-sample variability in secretion rates and extracellular medium conditions. In samples conditioned for 1 h or ... In identically prepared conditioned medium, agglomeration was visible in all samples after 1 h, but was variable, ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-25533102

Yeast strains, medium, and culture conditions. S. pombe strains used are listed in Supplemental Table 1. Cells were cultured in ... For latrunculin A treatment and fixation, 5-10 ml of mid-log phase culture was spun down and resuspended in 1 ml YEA. To this, ... For staining with CW, fixed cells (prepared from 10 ml mid-log phase culture) were resuspended in 25 μl of PBS, and then 2 μl ... the culture was first incubated at the appropriate temperature for a length of time, ∼3 h for Myo2-E1 mutants, and until ,50% ...

https://www.molbiolcell.org/doi/10.1091/mbc.E18-08-0511

See more interesting photos in the STB Media Library. ... These Media Library General Terms and Conditions shall apply ... The General Terms and Conditions determine the conditions and manner of using the Slovenian Tourist Boards Media Library ... The General Terms and Conditions determine the conditions and manner of using the Slovenian Tourist Boards Media Library ... These Media Library General Terms and Conditions shall apply for all instances of using the material unless the Slovenian ...

https://www.slovenia.info/en/media-library/videos/my-way-of-experiencing-culture-in-slovenia-old-castle-celje-and-roman-poetovio-ptuj-15-sec-590

General Terms and Conditions (GTC) Published: 22 April 2008 Last Updated: 30 April 2020 General terms and conditions for Stefan ... Copyright © 2022 Stefan ONZEK , Compliance, Law, Politics, Media, Economics and Culture - Consulting. All Rights Reserved. ... you agree to the following terms and conditions. Onzek reserves the right to amend these terms at any time. The respectively ... damages and other claims and liabilities related to the use of these sites and violation of these Terms and Conditions. ...

https://onzek.at/index.php/en/general-terms-and-conditions-gtc

Media and Culture Conditions. The isolates were grown on brain-heart infusion (BHI) (DIFCO, Detroit, MI, USA), corn meal agar ( ... Living Cultures. A complete list of the strains and their accession numbers is shown in the Table. In brief, we studied the ... Morphologic Characteristics of L. giganteum in Culture. Figure 5. Figure 5. Morphologic features of isolates of Lagenidium ... In liquid sporulation medium, hyphal segments develop 1-2 discharge tubes that produce terminal vesicles containing reniform ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/2/14-1091_article

What Our Rapt Attention Reveals about Our Spiritual Condition by Ryan Denison - Christian breaking news commentary. ... "How can I parent well in such a media-saturated culture?" ... Ryan Denison , Denison Forum on Truth and Culture , Monday, ... Shark Week to Devour Millions: What Our Rapt Attention Reveals about Our Spiritual Condition. Share ... And what does it say about us as a culture that so many will dedicate their evenings to watching documentaries, movies, and ...

https://www.christianheadlines.com/columnists/denison-forum/shark-week-to-devour-millions-what-our-rapt-attention-reveals-about-our-spiritual-condition.html

Biotransformations and extraction conditions. Culture media was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Each thioether (5-10 mg) was ... Cultures of C. elegans were grown in Saboraud dextrose medium and incubated on an orbital shaker at 28 °C for 72 hours. New ... By way of example α,α-difluoroethyl ether 14 [18] was incubated with cultures of C. elegans under the standardised conditions, ... The cultures were incubated at 28 °C and 180 rpm for 72 h. Blank experiments were carried out in the absence of C. elegans. ...

https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/articles/15/144

... and 50 hours compared to both control cultures and cultures incubated with L. rhamnosus conditioned media. Incubation with R. ... Culture of epithelial-immune monolayers with microbe conditioned media increases permeability. To determine if a factor other ... Flow of medium during culture likely enables longer-term culture with bacteria [12] in part through removal of ROS/RNS as well ... Spent Media Studies. To identify damaging activity of agents other than live, active bacteria in the co-cultures, spent media ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-583209/v1

At work or in public places, in media representations and in advertisements, on social platforms, in schools and universities: ... At work or in public places, in media representations and in advertisements, on social platforms, in schools and universities: ... At work or in public places, in media representations and in advertisements, on social platforms, in schools and universities: ... At work or in public places, in media representations and in advertisements, on social platforms, in schools and universities: ...

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joerg-Metelmann

Cultured H35 hepatoma cells release a cytotoxic factor in response to irradiation with X-rays. When the conditioned medium from ... N2 - Cultured H35 hepatoma cells release a cytotoxic factor in response to irradiation with X-rays. When the conditioned medium ... AB - Cultured H35 hepatoma cells release a cytotoxic factor in response to irradiation with X-rays. When the conditioned medium ... T1 - Changes in the ornithine cycle following ionising radiation cause a cytotoxic conditioning of the culture medium of H35 ...

https://research.vumc.nl/en/publications/changes-in-the-ornithine-cycle-following-ionising-radiation-cause

Content of phenolic compounds in Acorus calamus L. tissue culture and nutrient culture medium under in vitro conditions * A. Z ... Murashige T., Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 1962. Vol ... Results. Tissues of A. calamus and the nutrient medium contained different amount of phenolic compounds, depending on parent ... Conclusions. Since the explants were cultivated in identical conditions, the difference of phenolic compound content both in ...

https://utgis.org.ua/journals/index.php/VisnykUTGiS/article/view/690

Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Visit our corporate site ( ... Terms and conditions (opens in new tab). *Privacy policy (opens in new tab) ... The diet and culture, more than genetics, might have something to do with this, because Japanese women (and men) often get fat ... The book is an unintended eye-opener to the relationship between genes and culture. ...

https://www.livescience.com/4311-culture-weight-gain.html

MSC-CM, conditioned media of mesenchymal stem cells. BCM, basic culture medium. ... After 2 hours of standing for cell penetration, culture media were added and then changed every 3 days. TECs harvested on day ... After 48 hours, the supernatants were collected, centrifuged, and aliquoted to prepare conditioned media of MSCs (MSC-CM). ... cells from flushing solutions of the femora and tibia were cultured in α-Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium (α-DMEM, α-DMEM ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sci/2019/1513526/

To remove FFAs from the medium during cultivation, an aqueous-organic two-phase culture system was developed. When the dAS1T ... Removal of FFA from the culture medium is important for improving the productivity of the FFA production system using ... Growth of dAS1T cells but not WT cells was inhibited in a liquid medium supplemented with 0.13 g L−1 of palmitic acid ... This suggested that when FFA accumulates in the medium, it would inhibit the release of FFA from the cell, leading to FFA ...

https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-017-0831-z

Culture medium different from test medium: No. OTHER TEST CONDITIONS. - Adjustment of pH: No. - Photoperiod: 16 h light. - ... Under the conditions of the study, the test material produced no visble effects in zebra-fish at or below 3.2 mg/L (NOEC). The ... Water media type:. freshwater. Limit test:. no. Total exposure duration:. 96 h. Post exposure observation period:. None. ... Under the conditions of the study, the test material produced no visble effects in zebra-fish at or below 3.2 mg/L (NOEC). ...

https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5420/6/2/2

Studies in Book Culture is a bilingual, open-access journal available through Erudit. It is dedicated to the study of the boo… ... On social media. Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture. ... Mémoires du livre - Studies in Book Culture strives to shed light on the whole book culture, from the production to the ... Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture focuses on books of all kinds and from all cultures. ...

https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/memoires/

Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in BG-11 medium, with or without test water. The results showed that filtered lake water ... Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in BG-11 medium, with or without test water. The results showed that filtered lake water ... Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in BG-11 medium, with or without test water. The results showed that filtered lake water ... Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in BG-11 medium, with or without test water. The results showed that filtered lake water ...

https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/observation-on-colony-formation-of-microcystis-aeruginosa-induced

Culture medium: Nutrient Medium Z acc. to LÜTTGE et al. (1994). OTHER TEST CONDITIONS. - Sterile test conditions: no. - ... GROWTH MEDIUM. - Standard medium used: yes. TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS. - Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution ... Under the conditions of this test the NOEC and the EC10/50 of the submission substance after 72 hours was 1 mg/L and , 1 mg/L, ... Environmental conditions were determined to be within the acceptable limits. No analytical determination was carried out since ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14131/6/2/6

... which doesnot sustain cell growth in the culture. We have demonstrated that cellular toxicityof [3,2]Tpa for the production of ... Culture Conditions. 500 μL of an overnight culture in LB-medium werecollected and washed twice in NMM19 medium (7.5 mL 1 M(NH4) ... 3a).If both, indole and Tp are present in the culture medium, indole is preferablyconverted into Trp and used for ribosomal ... After the second wash the cells wereused for inoculation of a 50 mL culture ofNMM19 + [3,2]Tp (NMM19 medium supplemented ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33447?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e9130dc3-3ae4-4f90-b127-cdd3c2078c19

... debris in culture media, cell detachment or clumping, slow growth, and low viability. ... Expert tips for correcting common problems with cell culture including bacterial and fungal contamination, ... Microbial Contamination of Cell Cultures. Cell culture media and incubation conditions provide the ideal environment for cells ... Cell Culture Media Preparation. Culture media preparation for in vitro cell cultivation including preparation of different ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/VN/en/applications/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/cell-culture-troubleshooting

Improve Your Company Culture. Posted on January 26, 2021. January 25, 2021. by Pearl A. Massa ... Air Conditioning Service. Posted on March 29, 2021. March 29, 2021. by Pearl A. Massa ... When the individual for the air conditioning service firm comes out, they are mosting likely to do an evaluation of your ... If you assess the manual that comes with you air conditioning unit, you are going to find that the producer highly suggests ...

http://clipmovie.org/air-conditioning-service/

Media and Culture, and the School of Computer Science and Informatics.. *Postgraduate Certificate/Diploma awards are not ... You must accept your offer and meet all the offer conditions, including any English Language conditions as stated in your offer ... Terms and conditions. 1. The Cardiff University - GREAT Scholarship 2022 is a £10,000 award applied to students entering into ...

https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/cy/documents/2583003-great-scholarship-2022-terms-and-conditions

Neurite-promoting factor in conditioned medium from RN22 Schwannoma cultures: bioassay, fractionation, and properties. ... Expression of cone-like properties by chick embryo neural retina cells in glial-free monolayer cultures. Adler R, Lindsey JD, ... Expression of transfected genes by differentiated, postmitotic neurons and photoreceptors in primary cell cultures. Werner M, ... Cholinergic neuronotrophic factors: I. Survival, neurite outgrowth and choline acetyltransferase activity in monolayer cultures ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Adler+R&cauthor_id=487083

Thus, in vitro models that enable highly controlled studies of these interactions are of value, yet critical parameters enabling long term homeostasis between bacteria and mammalian cultures have not been established. (researchsquare.com)
To find out the biochemical peculiarities of Acorus calamus L of the two genotypes, acquired from different populations, an analysis of phenolic compounds in explant tissues and in nutrient medium in vitro was conducted. (org.ua)
Tissues of A. calamus and the nutrient medium contained different amount of phenolic compounds, depending on parent plant origin and in vitro cultivation duration. (org.ua)
The first in vitro carnery 'Counter Culture' opens its doors. (nextnature.net)
We could detect Ct-SLCO1B3 RNA in EVs harvested from conditioned medium of RDEB-SCC cells cultured in vitro and from the serum of tumor-bearing mice. (eb-researchnetwork.org)
For in vitro studies, rat primary AM cultures were incubated with various concentrations of AFC for 24 h at 37 degrees C. AM-conditioned medium was collected and assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a marker of cytotoxicity. (cdc.gov)

The effect of conditioned medium derived from different placental cells or sub-cultured placental tissues on the proliferation of HUVECs. (biomedcentral.com)
e The graph of the HUVECs number on the 6th day of proliferation assay with different placental cells CM obtained at 24 h. f The growth curve on HUVECs culturing with sub-cultured placental tissue-CM obtained at different time points. (biomedcentral.com)
Panax Ginseng Meristem Cell Culture Conditioned Media is the growth media removed from cultures of meristem cells isolated from Panax ginseng after several days of growth. (incihaku.fi)
Conditioned medium (CM) was collected from aMoC1 cells overexpressing a control vector or KRasV12 vector (KRasV12-CM), and the effects of KRasV12-CM on IMFs were analyzed by performing proliferation assays, wound-healing assays, Boyden chamber assays, and western blotting. (nih.gov)
In this study, we developed a model incorporating epithelial and immune cells as well as different bacterial species ( B. fragilis, E. coli, L. rhamnosus, or R. gnavus ) over a 50 hour culture period. (researchsquare.com)
Interestingly, both obligate and facultative anaerobes grew to similar extents in aerobic culture environments in co-culture with epithelial and immune cells, potentially due to measured microaerobic oxygen levels near the epithelial apical surface. (researchsquare.com)
We thus hypothesized that accumulation of ROS may be a limiting factor in static co-culture of microbes and intestinal epithelial and immune cells. (researchsquare.com)
Cultured H35 hepatoma cells release a cytotoxic factor in response to irradiation with X-rays. (vumc.nl)
When the conditioned medium from irradiated cells is given to nonirradiated cells, growth is inhibited and followed by cell death, possibly apoptosis, Analysis of the conditioned medium reveals a dramatic change in the ornithine (urea) cycle components after the irradiation. (vumc.nl)
The development of hyperammonia by irradiated cells and the related toxicity depend on the radiation dose and the number of cells seeded thereafter for the medium conditioning. (vumc.nl)
Development of cytotoxicity by irradiated cells is completely prevented with the arginase inhibitor L-norvaline, in arginine-deficient medium or when citrulline replaces arginine. (vumc.nl)
Growth of dAS1T cells but not WT cells was inhibited in a liquid medium supplemented with 0.13 g L −1 of palmitic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
Microcystis aeruginosa mainly occurs as single cells in laboratory cultures, but in the colonial morph under natural conditions. (elsevier.com)
Though this technique is highly accessible, successful propagation of cells for stock expansion or modeling experiments can be plagued by contamination or other conditions that negatively impact cell viability. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cell culture media and incubation conditions provide the ideal environment for cells, as well as bacterial, fungal, and viral contaminants. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It's frustrating when cells in culture that otherwise appear healthy fail to attain confluency. (sigmaaldrich.com)
When cells seem viable but fail to expand, learn what you can do to improve culture conditions for optimal growth before heading back to the liquid nitrogen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Adherent cells may spontaneously detach in culture, singly or in sheets. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cells in suspension mimic in vivo conditions as singlets. (sigmaaldrich.com)
When cells start to clump, this can be due to sticky nucleic acids, present in media when cultures are stressed. (sigmaaldrich.com)
What's hiding in media that can cause cells to clump? (sigmaaldrich.com)
When cells die in culture, contamination with microorganisms must first be ruled out. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Rather than relying on recombinant growth factors, cultivated meat companies could use conditioned media from animal cells producing high levels of these molecules. (gfi.org)
a cell line, a media to feed the cells, a bioreactor where cell growth can take place, and a structure upon which the cells can attach and grow. (nextnature.net)
We did not have the kind of overcrowded conditions for unaccompanied kids in Border Patrol holding cells like we saw in Clint," said Michael Bochenek, a lawyer from Human Rights Watch. (kpbs.org)
Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis). (bvsalud.org)
Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)
Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)
At each passage, the cells were counted, photographed using an inverted phase-contrast microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, LLC, Thornwood, NY, USA) and cyro-preserved in cyrovial tube for further culture and later for RNA analysis. (bvsalud.org)
After washing, 1x10ˆ6 cells were seeded and cultured in KGM (Lonza Group Ltd., Basel, Switzerland). (bvsalud.org)
Total RNA was extracted from the cells cultured in KGM after 1, 3 and 7 days. (bvsalud.org)
Briefly, the plasmid NM2973 was transformed into NEB Nico-21 competent cells (#C2529H), and Cas9 expression was induced by adding IPTG to the culture media. (wormbook.org)
In the present study it has been investigated whether or not the conditioned medium from human neuroblastoma cell line (IMR-32) and human glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) may augment neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. (who.int)
The result showed that both the conditioned media induce neurite outgrowth within 48 hr and stops further proliferation of PC12 cells. (who.int)
However no outgrowth was noted in PC12 cells incubated without conditioned medium. (who.int)
In conclusion, it is shown that both the conditioned media (IMR-32 and U87MG) have the potential to induce the neurite outgrowth in the PC12 cells. (who.int)
It detaches epithelial cells from tissues in a sheet-like structure and has long been used for cell separation and dispersion for primary culture. (fujifilm.com)
Recent studies on extracellular RNA raised awareness that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from cultured cells may co-purify RNAs derived from media supplements such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) confounding EV-associated RNA. (the-mwg.com)
Estrogen may promote the secretion of NO, VEGF and IL-8 by activating the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway of hBMSC cells, increase the cell viability and migration ability of HUVECs and inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis, play a protective role against the injury of HUVECs induced by HG condition. (magtech.com.cn)
Each individ- cluding immune cells, but also the was previously cal ed the gastroin- ual harbours hundreds of different metabolic and nervous systems), testinal flora or microflora, the more species, most of which have not and protecting against pathogens pragmatic term "microbiota" is now yet been cultured. (who.int)

It was demonstrated that bacteria elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and that these species heavily contribute to observed epithelial barrier damage in these static cultures. (researchsquare.com)
These results indicate that monitoring and mitigating ROS concentrations can enable longer term bacteria-intestinal epithelial cultures, but also highlight the significance of additional factors that impact homeostasis in mammalian cell-bacteria systems. (researchsquare.com)
As addition of an antioxidant can ameliorate damage to the epithelial monolayer induced by bacterial co-culture, ROS accumulation likely plays a significant role in epithelial monolayer damage in the presence of microbes. (researchsquare.com)

Since the explants were cultivated in identical conditions, the difference of phenolic compound content both in tissues and nutrient medium indicates genetic variability of A. calamus plants on population level. (org.ua)

To remove FFAs from the medium during cultivation, an aqueous-organic two-phase culture system was developed. (biomedcentral.com)
An average FFA excretion rate of 1.5 mg L −1 h −1 was attained in the 432 h of cultivation, with a total amount of excreted FFA being 0.64 g L −1 of culture. (biomedcentral.com)
After processing, samples were cultured in half-Fraser and Fraser broth followed by cultivation on PALCAM and Oxford media. (who.int)

In identically prepared conditioned medium , agglomeration was visible in all samples after 1 h, but was variable, indicating inter-sample variability in secretion rates and extracellular medium conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, the two-phase culture system effectively facilitated FFA secretion out of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike TAG production using green algae, production of free fatty acids (FFA) using genetically engineered cyanobacteria results in secretion of the product into the medium [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
If the rate of FFA secretion is raised to a level comparable to the TAG production rate of algal cultures, the cyanobacterial system would be advantageous over the algal production system as the cost-intensive steps in biofuel extraction can be omitted. (biomedcentral.com)
There was a parallel decrease in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 secretion into the HSC conditioned media but no change in gelatinase expression was observed. (bmj.com)

The total amount of extracellular FFA was more than three times larger than that in the control culture grown without IM, with most of the secreted FFAs being recovered in the IM layer. (biomedcentral.com)
Serum-free media supplements carry miRNAs that co-purify with extracellular vesicles. (the-mwg.com)

Introduction of a ROS scavenger significantly mitigated ROS-mediated damage, improving cell monolayer integrity and reducing lipid peroxidation, although not to control (bacteria-free culture) levels. (researchsquare.com)
Flow may thus promote co-culture survival through the removal and dilution of anti-microbial products including ROS, as well as non-adherent bacteria and microbial products (e.g. lipopolysaccharides) that trigger their release 12 . (researchsquare.com)
When sampling for culturable bacteria and fungi, the bioaerosol is generally collected by impaction onto the surface of a broad spectrum solid medium (agar), filtration through a membrane filter, or impingement into an isotonic liquid medium (water-based). (cdc.gov)
All of the enteric bacteria isolated from the patients and grown on nonselective bromocresol purple medium were K. pneumoniae, whereas an average of 10% to 20% of the enteric bacteria isolated from the controls were K. pneumoniae . (cdc.gov)
The surface structure offers the important purification bacteria excellent colonisation conditions. (eheim.com)
The bacteria cultures must not be completely destroyed, otherwise re-colonisation will be retarded. (eheim.com)
Real time polymerase chain reaction will be performed in all blood samples and those cultures that isolated bacteria. (fapesp.br)
Table 3, below, lists common bacteria and the optimal culture media for their growth. (medscape.com)
The following is a list of the different culture media used to isolate bacteria. (medscape.com)

Nonculturable organisms do not reproduce in the laboratory because of intracellular stress or because the conditions (e.g., culture medium or incubation temperature) are not conducive to growth. (cdc.gov)

Also, solvents and impurities are addressed, for instance concerning their often high (millimolar range) concentrations in assay buffers and cell culture media. (uni-konstanz.de)
Runner tips explants of strawberry give rise to multiple shoots when cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BAP with KIN or NAA or GA3.The highest response of shoot multiplication was obtained on MS containing 2.5 mgl-1 BAP + 0.5 mgl-1 Kin + 0.5 mgl-1 GA3. (who.int)

Murashige T., Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. (org.ua)
1994). This pattern of localized toxicity emphasizes the impor- inhaled organic acid vapor, acrylic acid, than the olfactory epi- tance of local tissue dose for interspecies extrapolation and risk thelium of the rodent nasal cavity when the exposure conditions assessment. (cdc.gov)

You must accept your offer and meet all the offer conditions, including any English Language conditions as stated in your offer by 16 September 2022. (cardiff.ac.uk)

Twelve isolates of N. ditissima obtained from different origins and host organs (Table 1 ) were stored as lyophilised conidial preparations (Smith and Onions 1983 ) in the Esteburg Centre culture collection. (springer.com)
As a postdoctoral researcher, you will conduct research in the context of the Erasmus Centre for Media, Communication and Culture (ERMeCC) or [email protected] (historici.nl)

METHODS Following isolation, HSC were activated by culture on plastic and exposed to relaxin (1-100 ng/ml). (bmj.com)
These methods consist of serological tests, histopathological examination, culture and molecular tests. (fapesp.br)

1,3-DNB can undergo biodegradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in water and soil. (cdc.gov)
Compared with glucose-limited condition, under Pi-limited aerobic condition, the budding yeast S. cerevisiae up-regulated 292 genes and activated a regulatory mechanism known as the PHO pathway, leading to an increased expression of multiple genes involved in Pi acquisition and uptake [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These as well as one- to three-septate macroconidia are also produced by agar cultures. (springer.com)
Weber ( 2014 ) observed that microconidia were able to germinate on standard agar media and suggested that they should be regarded as unicellular macroconidia in functional terms. (springer.com)
Growth was not detected after transfer of colonies to Columbia blood agar and several other available diagnostic media that contained blood products (e.g., chocolate agar, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention anaerobe agar, Bordet-Gengou agar, Mycoplasma agar, and hemin-supplemented thioglycolate medium). (cdc.gov)

In this study, we pre-treated the adipose derived MSCs with the serum from colitis rats and then the activated conditioned media (CM-AcMSC) were collected. (frontiersin.org)
These results suggested that pre-activation of MSCs with serum from colitis rats could promote the production of paracrine factors and improve the therapeutic effects of conditioned medium on colitis rats. (frontiersin.org)

The diet and culture, more than genetics , might have something to do with this, because Japanese women (and men) often get fat after living in the United States for a few months. (livescience.com)

In samples conditioned for 1 h or more, ENP agglomeration rates varied significantly. (bvsalud.org)

We used mixtures of ions to simulate the groundwater conditions in the most contaminated wells and verified that few isolates aside from Rhodanobacter can tolerate these eight ions. (nature.com)
Furthermore, our general high-throughput approach can be applied to other environments, isolates, and conditions to systematically help identify selective pressures on microbial communities. (nature.com)

Some ubiquitous microbial contaminants evade visual detection, as up to 30% of all cultures are estimated to be contaminated with mycoplasma. (sigmaaldrich.com)

L. giganteum strains used for testing and commercial development were deposited within the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), and the ATCC strains and other not-well-characterized strains were released in nature for field studies ( 12 - 16 ). (cdc.gov)
Unless necessary, ATCC recommends that these cultures be stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen rather than submersed in liquid nitrogen. (atcc.org)

Cultivationof the E. coli strain in defined synthetic media resulted in the generation ofthe bacterial strain MT21, which is capable of proteome-wideTrp → [3,2]Tpa substitutions in response to all TGGcodons in the genome. (nature.com)

Enzyme activity depends decisively on defined conditions with respect to pH, temperature, ionic strength of the buffer, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, reaction time. (scirp.org)
Due to the relatively wide range of reaction conditions, DISPASE is suitable for varying conditions with respect to enzyme concentration, processing time, temperature, and pH. (fujifilm.com)
DISPASE is stable at 37°C, the common cell culture temperature, and can be applied to a medium for suspension culture of some cell lines. (fujifilm.com)
The study tested 13 different oils from various manufacturers analysing their toxicity, density and viscosity as well as the ability of the oil to maintain stable culture conditions, by minimising changes in culture media temperature, pH and osmolality. (planer.com)
More viscous oils performed better at maintaining osmolality and pH of culture media, whilst maintenance of culture media temperature outside the incubator showed minimal differences between oils. (planer.com)

After 12 h treatment, the cell viability of hBMSC was detected by CCK8 assay, and the contents of NO, VEGF and IL8 in the supernatant of cultured medium in each group were detected by nitrate reductase and ELISA assay ( n =6). (magtech.com.cn)
The cell viability of HUVECs in each group was detected by CCK8 assay after 12 h cultured ( n =6). (magtech.com.cn)

In nature, these are produced more commonly by ageing sporodochia (Braun and Riehm 1957 ), whereas in the laboratory the proportion of macro- to microconidia may vary with the age of the culture (Wesche and Weber, unpublished observations), growth media (Scheper et al. (springer.com)
Traditionally, laboratory tests have rarely been used in the workup and diagnosis of otitis media with effusion (OME) unless another process is suspected. (medscape.com)
Standardised techniques and procedures are useful if they meet the needs of - and are prepared in accordance with - prevailing epidemiological conditions and different laboratory levels. (who.int)
Send the isolate (or CIDT-positive sample, if unable to culture) to the state public health laboratory using appropriate shipping conditions. (cdc.gov)
The sample is taken to a laboratory and placed in a medium under conditions that allow the organisms to grow. (medlineplus.gov)

The maximum predicted activity of COX was 1.073 U/ml, which was close to the experimental value i.e. , 1.1 U/ml at simulated optimum assay conditions. (scirp.org)
Unit Definition One unit is defined as 1 µmol of NAD + production per minute under the assay conditions (25°C, pH 7.5). (antikoerper-online.de)

But the low expression level, the high cost of medium and the culture conditions restrict the promotion of mammalian cell expression systems. (antikoerper-online.de)

It has been reported that conditioned media from MSCs could improve the colitis, whereas the therapeutic efficiency could be significantly elevated by the stimulation of pro-cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
Based on this specialty and the multilineage differentiation capacity, they have been intensively studied and applied as powerful therapeutic tools for a variety of diseases and conditions, including LSBDs [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

The microbiome, the "other ge- species have no representative in nome" or "second genome" of the culture collections. (who.int)
Mycobacterial species isolated from sputum and grown in culture were examined to distinguish between NTM and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). (who.int)

This test reveals a type B result in 43% of cases of otitis media with effusion and a type C result in 47% of cases. (medscape.com)

The aim of this study was to detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signallng pathway in SHED cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, KGM. (bvsalud.org)

NTM were detected in 4% (9/225) of sputum samples grown in culture. (who.int)
A. Screening, baseline study, and Week 1 visit sputum cultures fail to grow M. tuberculosis. (who.int)

Culturable organisms reproduce under controlled conditions. (cdc.gov)

Inmates in an isolation unit at the prison went on a hunger strike to protest conditions they describe as inhumane. (kpbs.org)
In Bangui, the rate of isolation of pure cultures of K. pneumoniae from the stools of immunocompromised HIV-infected adults with chronic diarrhea is increasing. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial culture of blood samples will be performed in culture media specifically prepared and under conditions recommended for isolation of Bartonella spp. (fapesp.br)

Results: Notch-1 was highly expressed in SHED cultured in KGM and showed increase in density as the days progressed, while Jagged-1 showed a decrease. (bvsalud.org)
3 hours) than stool cultures, which are labor intensive and whose results may take longer than 1 day (66.5 hours). (medscape.com)
This report describes the results of a pilot Safety Culture Assessment implemented at a small Appalachian underground coal mine. (cdc.gov)

A positive culture may identify disease-producing organisms that may help diagnose bronchitis, tuberculosis, a lung abscess, or pneumonia. (medlineplus.gov)

To augment diligent adherence to aseptic culture technique, cultures must be regularly examined microscopically for evidence of bacterial and fungal intruders. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Know when to use antibiotics to prevent bacterial or fungal, mycoplasma, or viral contamination in cell culture and find suitable antibiotics or other biological agents. (sigmaaldrich.com)

In this manuscript, we report for the first time the microbial transformation of a synthetic anabolic steroidal drug, oxymetholone, by fungal cell cultures. (biomedcentral.com)

The official, who briefed reporters on the condition of anonymity, wouldn't say exactly how many. (kpbs.org)
The hybrid work culture is definitely causing a major power demand peak in the afternoon,' he said on condition of anonymity as he was not authorised to speak to media. (indiatimes.com)

Mémoires du livre - Studies in Book Culture is a bilingual, open-access journal available through Erudit. (erudit.org)
Mémoires du livre - Studies in Book Culture strives to shed light on the whole book culture, from the production to the reception of books : every link in the chain is analysed, from author to reader, including editor, distributor, translator, bookseller, and librarian. (erudit.org)
Resolutely interdisciplinary (history, literary studies, economics, sociology, etc.), the journal is equally open to the study of identities - by gender, culture, social group - as they express themselves in the history of the book. (erudit.org)
Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture is managed by Anthony Glinoer, assisted by Eli MacLaren, Marie-Pier Luneau and Josée Vincent. (erudit.org)
Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture is published twice a year. (erudit.org)
Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture focuses on books of all kinds and from all cultures. (erudit.org)
Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book culture adheres to the definition of free access, as formulated by the Budapest Open Access Initiative. (erudit.org)
In acute otitis media (AOM) histologic studies of the temporal bone reveal vascular dilatation and hyperplasia, inflammation and metaplasia of the mucosa, gland formation, edema, and infiltration with a mononuclear cell population. (medscape.com)
In addition, you will be a member of one of the three departments of the School: History, Arts & Culture Studies, or Media & Communication. (historici.nl)
You will publish about your research in highly qualified journals, conference proceedings, or edited volumes, preferably in the domains of media and communication, arts and culture studies, and/or historical studies. (historici.nl)

Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not applicable, samples analysed on day of sampling. (europa.eu)
Repeat cultures from lot 1 showed a 97% reduction in colony numbers after 37 days of storage and no growth in samples after 72 days of storage. (cdc.gov)
Then samples were inoculated in BPA culture medium of BacT/ALERT system and studied after 0, 6, 24, 48 hrs. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
Samples were prepared under Pi-limited as well as Pi-repleted chemostat conditions, and subjected to analysis at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Under healthy conditions, the in- nomes obtained from individuals crobiota resembles the mother's skin testinal microbiota is considered to on three continents, including 760 microbial community, composed of be a stable community, influenced samples from Europe. (who.int)

As per the available literature, Streptomyces is a promising culture for COX production to meet the above mentioned applications. (scirp.org)

The well grown rooted plantlets were acclimatized and successfully established in autoclaved vermiculate soil and as well as natural condition. (who.int)

Plain radiography of the mastoid was once used effectively to screen for otitis media with effusion (OME), but this imaging study is now rarely used for this purpose, given the sensitivity of history and physical examination in helping diagnose the disease. (medscape.com)
A recent Embryotools study published in the journal Human Reproduction has revealed significant differences between commercially available oils used in embryo culture. (planer.com)
This study highlights the need for IVF labs to ensure the products they use undergo appropriate quality testing, as well as consider their culture conditions (humidification, culture duration) when selecting an appropriate oil to use. (planer.com)

When you think of slothfulness, your first thought might be related to laziness, perhaps in regard to binge-watching Netflix or endlessly perusing social media. (christianheadlines.com)
The Cultural Services of the French Embassy (l'Institut Français des Etats-Unis - Villa Albertine) is seeking a creative and strategy-minded Social Media Associate to create trendy, on-brand, impactful written and visual content across our channels. (frenchculture.org)
The Social Media Associate creates and distributes relevant and impactful content through the Cultural Services' 10+ social media platforms. (frenchculture.org)
The Social Media Associate creates both written and visual content, which may entail filming video, editing video or editing photographs, images, or graphics that are being used in their posts and adjacent communication tools (websites, emails). (frenchculture.org)
The Social Media Associate maintains a content calendar and communicates with staff across offices and departments to collect material and information to be used in posts. (frenchculture.org)
One of their main objectives is to increase website and social media traffic by reaching a wider audience with their material. (frenchculture.org)
Social Media Associates use their expertise with providing timely, relevant material to attract these viewers. (frenchculture.org)
The Social Media Associate also supports the Communication Department's administrative operations. (frenchculture.org)
Many of the clips went viral on Moroccan social media, garnering hundreds of comments expressing positivity toward the group of Israelis, along with negative reactions. (timesofisrael.com)
It is a privilege for us to create the conditions for a bridge between people, opinions and cultures with posts on Instagram and Tiktok videos - this is the essence of the power of social networks. (timesofisrael.com)
In another of Matalon's videos, he addressed the online reaction, saying he "understands" the negative comments, but invited Arab-language social media users to "understand better about Israel," and highlighted the shared history of Morocco and the Jewish people. (timesofisrael.com)
Making Our World is essential reading for students and scholars of technology and society, particularly those interested in social movements and DIY cultures. (peterlang.com)
While the culture of work from home has gained more social acceptance, offices have also opened up across India, which has led to a combination of both higher domestic and commercial demand,' said Prabhajit Kumar Sarkar, Managing Director and CEO at Power Exchange India Limited. (indiatimes.com)
This is really needed, particularly (for) the recovery of people in our visual culture where everything is selfies and social media," he said. (oregoncapitalchronicle.com)
This is a book about the ways in which the Indic (primarily Hindu and Buddhist) cultures approach food as 'essence' and experience within personal and social life. (exoticindiaart.com)
As the papers of this volume variously emphasize, food in South Asia intimately concerns bodily conditions, social experiences, emotional states, literary expressions, religious practices, and philosophical ideals. (exoticindiaart.com)
This article invites to thought about the role of media and particularly the digital world in the surge of new subjective and bonding configurations, a concept feasible when one thinks in terms of social production of subjectivity. (bvsalud.org)

An existing computer program for mine ventilation network is modified so that it can simulate ventilation conditions under the influence of mine fires. (cdc.gov)

Pulmonary TB diagnosed by Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, Line Probe Assay (LPA), or mycobacterial culture. (who.int)

were found in wild and domestic ruminants from Europe and North America ( 2 - 4 ), but previous blood cultures performed on 150 domestic sheep and 84 bighorn sheep failed to isolate Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)

A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. (medlineplus.gov)

We obtained 2.5 mg of Cas9 from 1L of culture, and made 2 µl aliquots at a concentration of 10 µg/µl for storage at -80°C. (wormbook.org)

The COX activity was enhanced by 1.71 folds after optimization of the reaction conditions. (scirp.org)

Molecular cloning and characterization of a xanthone prenyltransferase from Hypericum calycinum cell cultures. (org.ua)

Anatomy38

Organisms24

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs89

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment46

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science7

Health Care6

Axin prevents Wnt-3a-induced accumulation of beta-catenin. (1/4091)

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel angiopoietin family protein, angiopoietin-3. (2/4091)

Microvessels from Alzheimer's disease brains kill neurons in vitro. (3/4091)

Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts favors neutrophil migration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion by the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. (4/4091)

Generation and characterization of aggrecanase. A soluble, cartilage-derived aggrecan-degrading activity. (5/4091)

Bile duct epithelial cells exposed to alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate produce a factor that causes neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury in vitro. (6/4091)

A vascular bed-specific pathway. (7/4091)

Colonization of in vitro-formed cervical human papillomavirus- associated (pre)neoplastic lesions with dendritic cells: role of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (8/4091)

Culture Media

Culture Media, Conditioned

Cells, Cultured

Mass Media

Otitis Media

Culture Media, Serum-Free

Culture Techniques

Agar

Bacteriological Techniques

Blood

Embryo Culture Techniques

Cell Culture Techniques

Kinetics

Cell Division

Time Factors

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Molecular Sequence Data

Cattle

Social Media

Organ Culture Techniques

Fibroblasts

Blastocyst

RNA, Messenger

Cell Line

Glucose

Cell Survival

Peptones

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Recombinant Proteins

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Communications Media

Molecular Weight

Escherichia coli

Cell Differentiation

Amino Acid Sequence

Temperature

Base Sequence

Bacterial Proteins

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Fertilization in Vitro

Bacteria

Microscopy, Electron

Amino Acids

Contrast Media

Blotting, Western

Swine

Glycoproteins

Rabbits

Mutation

Fermentation

Cloning, Molecular

Cell Membrane

Embryonic and Fetal Development

Calcium

Microbial Collagenase

Biological Transport

Cricetinae

Gene Expression

Anaerobiosis

Pregnancy

Osmolar Concentration

Proteoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans

Epithelial Cells

Embryo, Mammalian

Aerobiosis

Collagen

Cycloheximide

Macrophages

Ectogenesis

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Species Specificity

Sulfates

Otitis Media, Suppurative

Sodium Chloride

Tissue Culture Techniques

Chromogenic Compounds

Cell Count

Growth Substances

Liver