Cullin Proteins
Ubiquitins
Alternate choice of initiation codon produces a biologically active product of the von Hippel Lindau gene with tumor suppressor activity. (1/749)
The VHL tumor suppressor gene has previously been reported to encode a protein of 213 amino acid residues. Here we report the identification of a second major VHL gene product with an apparent molecular weight of 18 kD, pVHL18, which appears to arise from alternate translation initiation at a second AUG codon (codon 54) within the VHL open reading frame. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the internal codon in the VHL mRNA is necessary and sufficient for production of pVHL18. pVHL18 can bind to elongin B, elongin C, and Hs-CUL2. When reintroduced into renal carcinoma cells that lack a wild-type VHL allele, pVHL18 suppresses basal levels of VEGF expression, restores hypoxia-inducibility of VEGF expression, and inhibits tumor formation in nude mice. These data strongly support the existence of two distinct VHL gene products in VHL tumor suppression. (+info)Cyclin D1 and D3 associate with the SCF complex and are coordinately elevated in breast cancer. (2/749)
D-type cyclins are important cell cycle regulators that promote cellular proliferation in response to growth factors by inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Cyclin D1 has been shown to be overexpressed in several cancer types and to act as an oncogene in breast cancers. As D-type cyclins are rate limiting for progression into S phase, the level at which they accumulate must be carefully regulated. Several mechanisms leading to overexpression of cyclin D1 have been reported including amplification, translocation and stabilization of the mRNA. Here, we present data showing elevated cyclin D1 protein in breast cancer samples in the absence of elevated mRNA level. Further, we found that in these cases, cyclin D3 protein also accumulates and that the coordinate increase in cyclin D1 and D3 occurs in 15% (7/47) of breast cancers. In addition we show that blocking the activity of the 26S proteosome results in the accumulation of cyclin D1 and D3, that both D-type cyclins are ubiquitinated and associate with Cul-1, a component of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Finally, we show that the coordinated elevation of cyclin D1 and D3 is also observed in the breast cell line MCF-7 and demonstrate that the degradation of cyclin D1 and D3 is deficient in this cell line. These results indicate that cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 share a common mechanism of degradation and we propose that the coordinate increase of D-type cyclins observed in primary breast cancers reflects a defect in their proteolysis. (+info)Rbx1, a component of the VHL tumor suppressor complex and SCF ubiquitin ligase. (3/749)
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is mutated in most human kidney cancers. The VHL protein is part of a complex that includes Elongin B, Elongin C, and Cullin-2, proteins associated with transcriptional elongation and ubiquitination. Here it is shown that the endogenous VHL complex in rat liver also includes Rbx1, an evolutionarily conserved protein that contains a RING-H2 fingerlike motif and that interacts with Cullins. The yeast homolog of Rbx1 is a subunit and potent activator of the Cdc53-containing SCFCdc4 ubiquitin ligase required for ubiquitination of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 and for the G1 to S cell cycle transition. These findings provide a further link between VHL and the cellular ubiquitination machinery. (+info)Reconstitution of G1 cyclin ubiquitination with complexes containing SCFGrr1 and Rbx1. (4/749)
Control of cyclin levels is critical for proper cell cycle regulation. In yeast, the stability of the G1 cyclin Cln1 is controlled by phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. Here it is shown that this reaction can be reconstituted in vitro with an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Phosphorylated Cln1 was ubiquitinated by SCF (Skp1-Cdc53-F-box protein) complexes containing the F-box protein Grr1, Rbx1, and the E2 Cdc34. Rbx1 promotes association of Cdc34 with Cdc53 and stimulates Cdc34 auto-ubiquitination in the context of Cdc53 or SCF complexes. Rbx1, which is also a component of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor complex, may define a previously unrecognized class of E3-associated proteins. (+info)Recruitment of a ROC1-CUL1 ubiquitin ligase by Skp1 and HOS to catalyze the ubiquitination of I kappa B alpha. (5/749)
Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B in response to proinflammatory stimuli requires the phosphorylation-triggered and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the NF-kappa B inhibitor, I kappa B alpha. Here, we show the in vitro reconstitution of the phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of I kappa B alpha with purified components. ROC1, a novel SCF-associated protein, is recruited by cullin 1 to form a quatemary SCFHOS-ROC1 holenzyme (with Skp1 and the beta-TRCP homolog HOS). SCFHOS-ROC1 binds IKK beta-phosphorylated I kappa B alpha and catalyzes its ubiquitination in the presence of ubiquitin, E1, and Cdc34. ROC1 plays a unique role in the ubiquitination reaction by heterodimerizing with cullin 1 to catalyze ubiquitin polymerization. (+info)ROC1, a homolog of APC11, represents a family of cullin partners with an associated ubiquitin ligase activity. (6/749)
We have identified two highly conserved RING finger proteins, ROC1 and ROC2, that are homologous to APC11, a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. ROC1 and ROC2 commonly interact with all cullins while APC11 specifically interacts with APC2, a cullin-related APC subunit. YeastROC1 encodes an essential gene whose reduced expression resulted in multiple, elongated buds and accumulation of Sic1p and Cln2p. ROC1 and APC11 immunocomplexes can catalyze isopeptide ligations to form polyubiquitin chains in an E1- and E2-dependent manner. ROC1 mutations completely abolished their ligase activity without noticeable changes in associated proteins. Ubiquitination of phosphorylated I kappa B alpha can be catalyzed by the ROC1 immunocomplex in vitro. Hence, combinations of ROC/APC11 and cullin proteins proteins potentially constitute a wide variety of ubiquitin ligases. (+info)Conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to cullin-2 is linked to von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor function. (7/749)
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein pVHL assembles with cullin-2 (hCUL-2) and elongin B/C forming a protein complex, CBCVHL, that resembles SKP1-CDC53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligases. Here, we show that hCUL-2 is modified by the conserved ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 and that NEDD8-hCUL-2 conjugates are part of CBCVHL complexes in vivo. Remarkably, the formation of these conjugates is stimulated by the pVHL tumor suppressor. A tumorigenic pVHL variant, however, is essentially deficient in this activity. Thus, ligation of NEDD8 to hCUL-2 is linked to pVHL activity and may be important for pVHL tumor suppressor function. (+info)Cdc53/cullin and the essential Hrt1 RING-H2 subunit of SCF define a ubiquitin ligase module that activates the E2 enzyme Cdc34. (8/749)
SCFCdc4 (Skp1, Cdc53/cullin, F-box protein) defines a family of modular ubiquitin ligases (E3s) that regulate diverse processes including cell cycle, immune response, and development. Mass spectrometric analysis of proteins copurifying with Cdc53 identified the RING-H2 finger protein Hrt1 as a subunit of SCF. Hrt1 shows striking similarity to the Apc11 subunit of anaphase-promoting complex. Conditional inactivation of hrt1(ts) results in stabilization of the SCFCdc4 substrates Sic1 and Cln2 and cell cycle arrest at G1/S. Hrt1 assembles into recombinant SCF complexes and individually binds Cdc4, Cdc53 and Cdc34, but not Skp1. Hrt1 stimulates the E3 activity of recombinant SCF potently and enables the reconstitution of Cln2 ubiquitination by recombinant SCFGrr1. Surprisingly, SCF and the Cdc53/Hrt1 subcomplex activate autoubiquitination of Cdc34 E2 enzyme by a mechanism that does not appear to require a reactive thiol. The highly conserved human HRT1 complements the lethality of hrt1Delta, and human HRT2 binds CUL-1. We conclude that Cdc53/Hrt1 comprise a highly conserved module that serves as the functional core of a broad variety of heteromeric ubiquitin ligases. (+info)Cullin proteins are a family of structual scaffolds that play a crucial role in the formation of multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediate the transfer of ubiquitin molecules to specific target proteins, marking them for degradation by the 26S proteasome.
Cullin proteins are a family of structurally related proteins that play a crucial role in the function of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. These complexes are responsible for targeting specific cellular proteins for degradation by the proteasome, which is a key process in maintaining protein homeostasis within cells.
Cullin proteins act as scaffolds that bring together different components of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, including RING finger proteins and substrate receptors. There are several different cullin proteins identified in humans (CUL1, CUL2, CUL3, CUL4A, CUL4B, CUL5, and CUL7), each of which can form distinct E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes with unique substrate specificities.
The regulation of cullin proteins is critical for normal cellular function, and dysregulation of these proteins has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. For example, mutations in CUL1 have been found in certain types of breast and ovarian cancers, while alterations in CUL3 have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
Overall, cullin proteins are essential components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which plays a critical role in regulating protein turnover and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Ubiquitins are small regulatory proteins that are ubiquitously expressed and involved in the post-translational modification of other proteins through ubiquitination, playing crucial roles in various cellular processes such as protein degradation, DNA repair, and stress response.
Ubiquitin is a small protein that is present in most tissues in the body. It plays a critical role in regulating many important cellular processes, such as protein degradation and DNA repair. Ubiquitin can attach to other proteins in a process called ubiquitination, which can target the protein for degradation or modify its function.
Ubiquitination involves a series of enzymatic reactions that ultimately result in the attachment of ubiquitin molecules to specific lysine residues on the target protein. The addition of a single ubiquitin molecule is called monoubiquitination, while the addition of multiple ubiquitin molecules is called polyubiquitination.
Polyubiquitination can serve as a signal for proteasomal degradation, where the target protein is broken down into its component amino acids by the 26S proteasome complex. Monoubiquitination and other forms of ubiquitination can also regulate various cellular processes, such as endocytosis, DNA repair, and gene expression.
Dysregulation of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions.
SKP Cullin F-Box Protein (SCF) ligases are a group of E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes that play a crucial role in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of specific cellular proteins, and are composed of three core components: SKP1, CUL1/CDC53, and an F-box protein which serves as the substrate recognition component.
SKP (S-phase kinase associated protein) Cullin F-box protein ligases, also known as SCF complexes, are a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase that play a crucial role in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of proteins. These complexes are composed of several subunits: SKP1, Cul1 (Cullin 1), Rbx1 (Ring-box 1), and an F-box protein. The F-box protein is a variable component that determines the substrate specificity of the SCF complex.
The ubiquitination process mediated by SCF complexes involves the sequential transfer of ubiquitin molecules to a target protein, leading to its degradation by the 26S proteasome. This pathway is essential for various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and DNA damage response.
Dysregulation of SCF complexes has been implicated in several diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, making them potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Vesicular transport adaptor protein
Burd C, Cullen PJ (2014). "Retromer: a master conductor of endosome sorting". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (2 ... In the AP complexes, there are two large proteins (~100 kD) and two smaller proteins. One of the large proteins is termed β ( ... Protein complexes, Protein families, Molecular evolution, Vesicular transport proteins). ... PTBs are protein domains that include NUMB, DAB1 and DAB2. Epsin and AP180 in the ANTH domain are other adaptor proteins that ...
Ubiquitin-like protein
NEDD8 is best known for its role in regulating cullin proteins, which in turn regulate ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, ... Ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are a family of small proteins involved in post-translational modification of other proteins in ... "The dual role of ubiquitin-like protein Urm1 as a protein modifier and sulfur carrier". Protein & Cell. 2 (8): 612-9. doi: ... One additional protein, known as FUBI, is encoded as a fusion protein in the FAU gene, and is proteolytically processed to ...
Butterfly
Harpel, D.; Cullen, D. A.; Ott, S. R.; Jiggins, C. D.; Walters, J. R. (2015). "Pollen feeding proteomics: Salivary proteins of ... During this phase, the cuticle, a tough outer layer made of a mixture of chitin and specialized proteins, is released from the ... it begins as a pale yellow granular secretion containing acidophilic proteins. This is viscous and darkens when exposed to air ...
Biotinylation
Cull, M. G.; Schatz, P. J. (2000-01-01). Biotinylation of proteins in vivo and in vitro using small peptide tags. Methods in ... More recently, in vivo protein biotinylation was developed to study protein-protein interactions and proximity in living cells ... the purification of biotinylated proteins has been a widely used approach to identify protein-protein interactions and post- ... If isolation of the tagged protein is needed, it is better to tag the protein with iminobiotin. This biotin analogue gives ...
Cullin
The RING protein appears to function as a docking site for ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s). Other proteins contain a cullin ... Cullin family - Sanger Institute website. Cullin+Proteins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings ( ... The catalytic core of CRLs consists of a RING protein and a cullin family member. For Cul1, the C-terminal cullin-homology ... Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), such as Cul1 (SCF) play an essential role in targeting proteins for ubiquitin-mediated ...
HIV Rev response element
... stabilized by protein-protein interactions with other Rev molecules (in addition to the RNA-protein interactions). Biochemical ... Ahmed, Y F; Hanly, S M; Malim, M H; Cullen, B R; Greene, W C (1990). "Structure-function analyses of the HTLV-I Rex and HIV-1 ... Assembly of this Rev-RRE complex is followed by the recruitment of a human protein complex containing the proteins exportin-1 ( ... In the presence of the HIV-1 accessory protein Rev, HIV-1 mRNAs that contain the RRE can be exported from the nucleus to the ...
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Cullen DK, Simon CM, LaPlaca MC (July 2007). "Strain rate-dependent induction of reactive astrogliosis and cell death in three- ... Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a protein that is encoded by the GFAP gene in humans. It is a type III intermediate ... GFAP can polymerize with other type III proteins. GFAP and other type III IF proteins cannot assemble with keratins, the type I ... "A new splice variant of glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP epsilon, interacts with the presenilin proteins". The Journal of ...
NEDD8
Pan ZQ, Kentsis A, Dias DC, Yamoah K, Wu K (March 2004). "Nedd8 on cullin: building an expressway to protein destruction". ... Liakopoulos D, Büsgen T, Brychzy A, Jentsch S, Pause A (May 1999). "Conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to cullin-2 ... Morimoto M, Nishida T, Honda R, Yasuda H (April 2000). "Modification of cullin-1 by ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 enhances the ... NEDD8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEDD8 gene. (in saccharomyces cerevisiae this protein is known as Rub1) ...
SKP2
The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), ... Ng RW, Arooz T, Yam CH, Chan IW, Lau AW, Poon RY (November 1998). "Characterization of the cullin and F-box protein partner ... and Fbxos containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by ... Yam CH, Ng RW, Siu WY, Lau AW, Poon RY (January 1999). "Regulation of cyclin A-Cdk2 by SCF component Skp1 and F-box protein ...
FBXW10
SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603034), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases ... F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXW10 gene. Members of the F-box protein ... F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein ... 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs ...
S-phase kinase-associated protein 1
Ng RW, Arooz T, Yam CH, Chan IW, Lau AW, Poon RY (1998). "Characterization of the cullin and F-box protein partner Skp1". FEBS ... This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SCF ubiquitin ligase protein complex. It binds to F-box proteins (proteins ... Ng RW, Arooz T, Yam CH, Chan IW, Lau AW, Poon RY (November 1998). "Characterization of the cullin and F-box protein partner ... The encoded protein also collaborates with a network of proteins to control beta-catenin levels and affects the activity level ...
FBXO28
SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases ... F-box only protein 28 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO28 gene. Members of the F-box protein family, such as ... F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein ... 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode: ...
FBXO31
SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases ... F-box only protein 31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO31 gene. Members of the F-box protein family, such as ... F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein ... the F-box protein FBXO31, a candidate tumor suppressor encoded in 16q24.3 for which there is loss of heterozygosity in various ...
F-box protein 40
SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases ... F-box protein 40 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO40 gene. Fbxo40 induces ubiquitination of IRS1, thus ... F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein ... Fbxo40 in particular engages a unique substrate, IRS1, which is a protein in the IGF1 signaling pathway. In this way, Fbxo40 ...
Tat (HIV)
In molecular biology, Tat is a protein that is encoded for by the tat gene in HIV-1. Tat is a regulatory protein that ... Hauber J, Malim MH, Cullen BR (March 1989). "Mutational analysis of the conserved basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus ... 2001). "Protein Transduction Domain of HIV-1 Tat Protein Promotes Efficient Delivery of DNA into Mammalian Cells". Journal of ... RNA binding proteins. Tat contains a protein transduction domain (PTD), which is also known as a cell-penetrating peptide. ...
CUL1
Cullin 1, also known as CUL1, is a human protein and gene from cullin family. This protein plays an important role in protein ... Morimoto M, Nishida T, Honda R, Yasuda H (2000). "Modification of cullin-1 by ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 enhances the ... 1998). "Characterization of the cullin and F-box protein partner Skp1". FEBS Lett. 438 (3): 183-9. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98) ... 2000). "Covalent modification of all members of human cullin family proteins by NEDD8". Oncogene. 18 (48): 6829-34. doi:10.1038 ...
CUL4A
Cullin-4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CUL4A gene. CUL4A belongs to the cullin family of ubiquitin ligase ... protein is a CRL4A substrate only when directed by viral proteins §protein is a CRL4A substrate only when directed by IMiDs ... At the C-terminal end, CUL4A interacts with the RBX1/ROC1 protein via its RING domain. RBX1 is a core component of Cullin-RING ... Shiyanov P, Nag A, Raychaudhuri P (Dec 1999). "Cullin 4A associates with the UV-damaged DNA-binding protein DDB". The Journal ...
Hemoglobin
Each subunit is composed of a protein chain tightly associated with a non-protein prosthetic heme group. Each protein chain ... Perutz, M.F.; Rossmann, M.G.; Cullis, A.F.; Muirhead, H.; Will, G.; North, A.C.T. (1960). "Structure of haemoglobin: a three- ... and heme-bearing protein subunits bound together into a single protein complex with a molecular mass greater than 3.5 million ... Improperly degraded hemoglobin protein or hemoglobin that has been released from the blood cells too rapidly can clog small ...
AGFG1
Fridell RA, Bogerd HP, Cullen BR (1996). "Nuclear export of late HIV-1 mRNAs occurs via a cellular protein export pathway". ... Arf-GAP domain and FG repeat-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AGFG1 gene. The protein encoded ... Chen D, Li X, Zhai Z, Shu HB (2002). "A novel zinc finger protein interacts with receptor-interacting protein (RIP) and ... a novel protein-protein interaction module". Genes Dev. 11 (17): 2239-49. doi:10.1101/gad.11.17.2239. PMC 275390. PMID 9303539 ...
3-M syndrome
The Cullin 7 gene contains instructions for making the protein Cullin-7. Cullin-7 acts as scaffold protein in the E3 ubiquitin ... Mutations in the CUL7 gene blocks the ability of the cullin-7 protein to bring together the components of this E3 ubiquitin ... Disruption of the protein degradation process plays a role in the pathogensis of prenatal growth retardation in humans, a key ... However, the implications of 3M syndrome suggest that both these genes encode for proteins that play a role in the CUL7 ...
Reelin
Feng L, Allen NS, Simo S, Cooper JA (November 2007). "Cullin 5 regulates Dab1 protein levels and neuron positioning during ... "A cdc2-related kinase PSSALRE/cdk5 is homologous with the 30 kDa subunit of tau protein kinase II, a proline-directed protein ... "A protein related to extracellular matrix proteins deleted in the mouse mutant reeler". Nature. 374 (6524): 719-23. Bibcode: ... "Interaction of cytosolic adaptor proteins with neuronal apolipoprotein E receptors and the amyloid precursor protein". The ...
CUL2
Cullin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CUL2 gene. CUL2 has been shown to interact with: CAND1, DCUN1D1, RBX1, ... "Entrez Gene: CUL2 cullin 2". Menon S, Tsuge T, Dohmae N, Takio K, Wei N (2008). "Association of SAP130/SF3b-3 with Cullin-RING ... structural resemblance of the pVHL/elongin BC/hCUL-2 complex with the ubiquitin ligase complex SKP1/cullin/F-box protein". Proc ... "Covalent modification of all members of human cullin family proteins by NEDD8". Oncogene. 18 (48): 6829-34. doi:10.1038/sj.onc. ...
GPS1
2003). "Protein kinase CK2 and protein kinase D are associated with the COP9 signalosome". EMBO J. 22 (6): 1302-12. doi:10.1093 ... an assembly and maintenance platform for cullin ubiquitin ligases?". Nat. Cell Biol. 5 (12): 1029-33. doi:10.1038/ncb1203-1029 ... This gene is known to suppress G-protein and mitogen-activated signal transduction in mammalian cells. The encoded protein ... 1997). "Two human cDNAs, including a homolog of Arabidopsis FUS6 (COP11), suppress G-protein- and mitogen-activated protein ...
CUL4B
Cullin-4B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CUL4B gene which is located on the X chromosome. CUL4B has high ... protein is a CRL4 substrate only when directed by viral proteins §protein is a CRL4 substrate only when directed by IMiDs ... At the C-terminal end, CUL4B interacts with the RBX1/ROC1 protein via its RING domain. RBX1 is a core component of Cullin-RING ... This modification appears to induce conformational changes which promotes flexibility in the RING domain of cullin proteins and ...
DAB1
Feng L, Allen NS, Simo S, Cooper JA (2007). "Cullin 5 regulates Dab1 protein levels and neuron positioning during cortical ... 2009). "Activated protein C ligation of ApoER2 (LRP8) causes Dab1-dependent signaling in U937 cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. ... DAB1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short description, ... Such an increase in the expression of a protein that virtually functions as a receptor is expected to occur when the specific ...
CUL5
Cullin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CUL5 gene. The mammalian gene product was originally discovered by ... Since then, VACM-1 has been shown to be homologous to the Cullin family of proteins, and was subsequently dubbed cul5. Studies ... Feng L, Allen NS, Simo S, Cooper JA (November 2007). "Cullin 5 regulates Dab1 protein levels and neuron positioning during ... 2000). "Covalent modification of all members of human cullin family proteins by NEDD8". Oncogene. 18 (48): 6829-34. doi:10.1038 ...
APPBP1
"Covalent modification of all members of human cullin family proteins by NEDD8". Oncogene. 18 (48): 6829-34. doi:10.1038/sj.onc. ... The protein encoded by this gene binds to the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Beta-amyloid precursor protein is a cell surface ... APPBP1 (Amyloid Precursor Protein-Binding Protein 1) binds to the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) carboxy terminal domain. ... In addition, the encoded protein can form a heterodimer with UBE1C and bind and activate NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein. This ...
Lipid bilayer
Chonn A, Semple SC, Cullis PR (15 September 1992). "Association of blood proteins with large unilamellar liposomes in vivo. ... Some of these proteins are linked to the exterior of the cell membrane. An example of this is the CD59 protein, which ... The most common class of this type of protein is the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). GPCRs are responsible for much of the ... The first of these proteins to be studied were the viral fusion proteins, which allow an enveloped virus to insert its genetic ...
APOBEC3F
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3F gene. This gene is a member of the ... Wiegand HL, Doehle BP, Bogerd HP, Cullen BR (2004). "A second human antiretroviral factor, APOBEC3F, is suppressed by the HIV-1 ... It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. Alternatively ... Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine ...
Depressant
Ho, Jo-Hao; Stahl, Edward L.; Schmid, Cullen L.; Scarry, Sarah M.; Aubé, Jeffrey; Bohn, Laura M. (2018-08-07). "G protein ... is a G protein-coupled receptor located in the central nervous system. KOR is also a G-protein coupled receptor. Humans and ... The μ-opioid receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor. When the μ-opioid receptor is activated, it causes pain relief, euphoria ... The GHB receptor is an excitatory G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Its endogenous ligand is GHB, since GHB is also a ...
Vesicular transport adaptor protein - Wikipedia
Burd C, Cullen PJ (2014). "Retromer: a master conductor of endosome sorting". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (2 ... In the AP complexes, there are two large proteins (~100 kD) and two smaller proteins. One of the large proteins is termed β ( ... Protein complexes, Protein families, Molecular evolution, Vesicular transport proteins). ... PTBs are protein domains that include NUMB, DAB1 and DAB2. Epsin and AP180 in the ANTH domain are other adaptor proteins that ...
7b5r.1 | SWISS-MODEL Template Library
Ubiquitin ligation to F-box protein substrates by SCF-RBR E3-E3 super-assembly: CUL1-RBX1-SKP1-SKP2-CKSHS1-Cyclin A-CDK2-p27 ... Cullin-1: A. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2: B. Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1: C. S-phase kinase- ... associated protein 1: D. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2: E. Cyclin-A2: F. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B: G. SMTL:PDB. SMTL ... Horn-Ghetko, D. et al., Ubiquitin ligation to F-box protein targets by SCF-RBR E3-E3 super-assembly. Nature (2021) Release Date ...
Design, synthesis and characterization of a peptide able to bind proteins of the KCTD family: implications for KCTD - cullin 3...
Protein Binding, Protein Domain, Protein Protein Interaction, Circular Dichroism, Cullin Proteins, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent ... Keywords: Poz Btb Domains, Protein-Protein Recognition, Structure-Function Relationships, Ubiquitination, Cullin, Protein Kctd ... Design, synthesis and characterization of a peptide able to bind proteins of the KCTD family: implications for KCTD - cullin 3 ... Design, synthesis and characterization of a peptide able to bind proteins of the KCTD family: implications for KCTD - cullin 3 ...
Design, synthesis and characterization of a peptide able to bind proteins of the KCTD family: implications for KCTD - cullin 3...
Protein Binding, Protein Domain, Protein Protein Interaction, Circular Dichroism, Cullin Proteins, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent ... Keywords: Poz Btb Domains, Protein-Protein Recognition, Structure-Function Relationships, Ubiquitination, Cullin, Protein Kctd ... Design, synthesis and characterization of a peptide able to bind proteins of the KCTD family: implications for KCTD - cullin 3 ... Design, synthesis and characterization of a peptide able to bind proteins of the KCTD family: implications for KCTD - cullin 3 ...
Cul3 regulates cytoskeleton protein homeostasis and cell migration during a critical window of brain development | Nature...
CUL3 is a conserved protein of the Cullin family, comprising eight members, which contain a conserved cullin homology domain, ... Some downregulated proteins belong to a family of microtubule-associated proteins linked to abnormal brain development in ... Despite the well-understood process of CUL3-mediated protein ubiquitination and degradation12, its target proteins in the ... However, as Cul3 targets proteins for degradation, we were most interested in the identified up-regulated proteins, as their ...
Table 3 - Candidate Cell Substrates, Vaccine Production, and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Volume 17, Number 12...
![FBXL17 F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 17 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI](data:image/png;base64,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)
FBXL17 F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 17 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases ... General protein information Go to the top of the page Help Preferred Names. F-box/LRR-repeat protein 17. Names. F-box only ... involved_in protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins IDA Inferred from Direct Assay. more ... mRNA and Protein(s) * XM_005272048.5 → XP_005272105.1 F-box/LRR-repeat protein 17 isoform X1 ...
Protein Dynamics: How Crowding Affects Functionality - University of Houston
Andrei Gasic modeling protein dynamics in cellular environment. ... 3507 Cullen Blvd, Room 214. Houston, Texas 77204-5008. NSM ... Andrei Gasic, a Ph.D. student in physics, studies how proteins function in crowded environments.. Proteins can be thought of as ... To answer this question, Gasic is modeling protein networks in order to predict how factors such as concentration or protein ... An energy barrier is the amount of energy needed for a protein to carry out a reaction. "In crowded environments, it appears ...
Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis: its role in human diseases and the design of therapeutic strategies
In eukaryotes, ATP-dependent protein degradation in the cytoplasm and nucleus is carried out by the 26S proteasome. Most ... Protein degradation is one of the tactics employed by the cell for irreversibly inactivating proteins. ... proteins are targeted to the 26S proteasome by covalent attachment of a mult … ... Proteins / metabolism* * Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism * Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl * SKP Cullin F-Box Protein ...
3-M syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics
The CUL7 gene provides instructions for making a protein called cullin-7. The cullin-7 protein plays a role in the cell ... Mutations in the CUL7 or OBSL1 gene prevent the cullin-7 protein from bringing together the components of the E3 ubiquitin ... The protein produced from the OBSL1 gene is thought to help maintain normal levels of cullin-7. ... Specifically, cullin-7 helps assemble a complex called an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which tags the unneeded proteins for degradation ...
SCOPe 2.08: Superfamily e.40.1: Cullin homology domain
e.40.1.1: Cullin homology domain [75633] (2 proteins). More info for Superfamily e.40.1: Cullin homology domain. Timeline for ... Lineage for Superfamily e.40.1: Cullin homology domain. *Root: SCOPe 2.08 *. Class e: Multi-domain proteins (alpha and beta) [ ... Fold e.40: Cullin homology domain [75631] (1 superfamily). 3 domains: (1) 4-helical bundle; (2) alpha+beta; (3) "winged helix"- ... Superfamily e.40.1: Cullin homology domain first appeared in SCOP 1.61, called Superfamily e.40.1: Culin homology domain. * ...
CUL7 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
The CUL7 gene provides instructions for making a protein called cullin-7. Learn about this gene and related health conditions. ... for another amino acid in the cullin-7 protein or result in a cullin-7 protein that is abnormally short and nonfunctional. ... The CUL7 gene provides instructions for making a protein called cullin-7. This protein plays a role in the ubiquitin-proteasome ... Cullin-7 helps assemble a complex known as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. This complex tags damaged and excess proteins with molecules ...
SSSNFL H
Neurofilament light protein in blood as a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration in Huntingtons disease: a retrospective ... Olsson B, Portelius E, Cullen NC, Sandelius Å, Zetterberg H, Andreasson U, et al. Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid ... Neurofilaments are the dominant proteins of the neural cytoskeleton and are released into the extracellular space following ... Neurofilament Light Protein Levels With Cognition in Patients With Dementia, Motor Neuron Disease, and Movement Disorders. JAMA ...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Methods for Studying Endocytotic Pathways of Herpesvirus Encoded G Protein-Coupled Receptors
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a family of receptors with seven transmembrane alpha-helical domains (7TM ... McNally, K.E.; Cullen, P.J. Endosomal Retrieval of Cargo: Retromer Is Not Alone. Trends. Cell Biol. 2018, 28, 807-822. [Google ... Adaptor protein 2 (AP2) is the major adaptor protein which is bound to the membrane phosphatidylinositol. It consists of four ... Rab proteins are specific markers of the endocytic route. Different proteins mark different intracellular organelles which play ...
Ras GTPase activating protein 1
Cullen, P. J., et al. (1995). Identification of a specific Ins(1,3,4,5)P4-binding protein as a member of the GAP1 family. ... Gene name - Ras GTPase activating protein 1 Synonyms - GTPase-activating protein 1, Gap1 Cytological map position - 67D2--3 ... GAP1(IP4BP) is a protein that interacts with one or more monomeric G-proteins, so evidence was sought for involvement of ... The cloning and characterization of this protein reveals it to be a GTPase-activating protein, specifically a member of the ...
Weekly global protein digest: USDA making more investments in meat processing | The Cattle Site
Analyst Jim Wyckoff shares an update on the USDA reports and global protein news ... Japan to cull record number of chickens in bid to halt HPAI. Japan will cull a record of more than 10 million chickens to ... Weekly global protein digest: USDA making more investments in meat processing Analyst Jim Wyckoff shares an update on the USDA ... Culls in 2022 totaled 10.08 million chickens in 57 cases, taking out the prior record of 9.87 million chickens culled in ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Targeting ERK-Hippo Interplay in Cancer Therapy
Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes ... is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular ... CUL7 (cullin-7) represents another ERK and MST kinase interactor involved in the process of protein ubiquitination. CUL7 is a ... protein phosphorylation, protein translation and cell death induction. The canonical MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is often ...
Publications - Professor Michael A. ('Mike') Skinner
By binding the Skp1/Cullin-1 complex, the F-box in such proteins appears to target ligands bound by the ANKs for ubiquitination ... including the mimicry of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. One such viral pro-survival protein is the fowlpox virus protein FPV039, ... Our findings suggest that FPV039 is a pan Bcl-2 protein inhibitor that can engage all host BH3-only proteins as well as Bcl-2 ... while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g., ...
science.ca Scientists
Webinar: Genome Integrity Discussion Group April 2021 | The New York Academy of Sciences
SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1) is a core subunit of the SKP1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin E3 ligase. We previously ... SKP1 is required for eviction of HORMAD proteins from synapsed synaptonemal complexes. SKP1- deficient spermatocytes display ... this cKO mutant reveals that SKP1 is required for synapsis formation and counteracts DSB formation by keeping HORMAD proteins ... identified SKP1 as one of the meiotic chromatin-associated proteins in a proteomic screen (1). SKP1 localizes to synapsed ...
Research publications | IRB Barcelona
Plasticity of the Cullin-RING Ligase Repertoire Shapes Sensitivity to Ligand-Induced Protein Degradation ... The histone code reader PHD finger protein 7 controls sex-linked disparities in gene expression and malignancy in Drosophila ... Regulation of death receptor signaling by the autophagy protein TP53INP2. Ivanova, Saska; Polajnar, Mira; Jesus Narbona-Perez, ... Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis and mtDNA Levels Coordinated through an Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Subunit ...
Experts suggest steps to stop spread of resistant corn rootworms
The Bt protein produced by transgenic corn kills corn rootworms, says Cullen. "But when broad acreages of corn contain the same ... Bt derives its name from Bacillus thuringiensis, the bacterium that was the source of the gene for insect-killing protein. " ... In any case, its vital to monitor fields to detect problems early, says Cullen, who is also a UW extension specialist in field ... Committee chair Eileen Cullen, an extension specialist and associate professor of entomology at the University of Wisconsin- ...
Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling.
In the inhibition of shoot branching, the α/β hydrolase D14-which metabolizes strigolactone-interacts with the F-box protein D3 ... Plant Proteins. dc.subject. Protein Binding. dc.subject. Protein Structure, Secondary. dc.subject. SKP Cullin F-Box Protein ... In the inhibition of shoot branching, the α/β hydrolase D14-which metabolizes strigolactone-interacts with the F-box protein D3 ...
Dairy prices fall; will producers respond and cull more cows?
At what point will the dairy industry begin to respond to lower prices and/or negative profitability and cull cows beyond the ... whey protein supplements and yogurt. Therefore, dairy protein increasingly serves as a potential substitute (at least partially ... Dairy prices fall; will producers respond and cull more cows?Dairy prices fall; will producers respond and cull more cows?. At ... That is, theres greater availability of protein options than ever before - thats especially true when considering the ...
The Graduate School of the Stowers Institute | ASB2 is an Elongin…
MPD: Genomic feature: Cul4a
Figures and data in Multiple UBX proteins reduce the ubiquitin threshold of the mammalian p97-UFD1-NPL4 unfoldase | eLife
UBX proteins reduce the ubiquitin threshold of mammalian p97-UFD1-NPL4. ... Cells lacking FAF1 and UBXN7 are sensitive to global inhibition of cullin ligase activity.. (A) Cells of the indicated ... Purified human UBX proteins bind to p97-UFD1-NPL4.. (A) Purified UBX proteins. (B) Proteins were mixed as indicated and the ... B) Purified proteins. (C) CMG was ubiquitylated as in Figure 1-figure supplement 1D and then bound to anti-FLAG beads. ...
Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neurological disorders | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Cullen NC , et al . Association of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light protein levels with cognition in patients with ... Serum neurofilament light protein predicts clinical outcome in traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2016;6:1-9.doi:10.1038/srep36791 ... CSF neurofilament proteins in the differential diagnosis of dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:936-8.doi:10.1136/ ... Serum neurofilament light protein as a marker for diffuse axonal injury: results from a case series study. J Neurotrauma 2017; ...
CUL3 Antibody | Cell Signaling Technology
... is a member of the cullin-based ubiquitin ligase family. By interacting with Hrt1 and BTB domain containing proteins, the ... Blue Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (11-250 kDa): (#59329).. *Blotting Membrane and Paper: (#12369) This protocol has ... D. Detection of Proteins. Directions for Use:. *Wash membrane-bound HRP (antibody conjugate) three times for 5 minutes in TBST. ... B. Protein Blotting. A general protocol for sample preparation.. *Treat cells by adding fresh media containing regulator for ...
Informace o časopisu PLOS Pathogens | proLékaře.cz
mammalian prion proteins (cell biology & biochemistry), host control of prion pathogenesis, prion protein life-cycle ... Bryan R. Cullen. Duke University Medical Center. Durham, NC, USA. retroviral molecular biology, viral microRNAs, innate ... envelope proteins of alphaviruses and flaviviruses, vector borne infections. Oliver Pybus. University of Oxford. Oxford, United ... virus structure and assembly, viral protein trafficking, herpes virology. Mark L. Buller. Saint Louis University. Saint Louis, ...
Border colliesUbiquitin ligase complexesLigasesHomologyRBX1Degradation of target proteinsSpecificityGenesTarget proteins2021SaccharomycesComplexesRegulateUbiquitination and subsequentAdaptor proteinSubunitCUL4BSubstrate recognition componentGeneRecombinantCharacterizationNeddylationHumansMetabolismComplexTargetsCellularDrosophilaFunctionalRegulationInteractionYeastMetabolitesApoptosisSequencesVivoInhibitionViralDrug-inducedAbundanceMotifVitroCatalytic
Border collies18
- Border collies are great pets, but we know you are aware of this if you already own one. (hepper.com)
- Keeping your dog healthy is essential for their well-being, and this article features six reviews of the best dog foods for Border Collies. (hepper.com)
- The Farmer's Dog is expensive, and you'll need a subscription, but with the price comes the utmost nutrition for your Border Collie, making it the best overall dog food for Border Collies. (hepper.com)
- Purina Complete Adult is the best dog food for Border Collies for the money because the recipe has 100% complete and balanced nutrition at an affordable price. (hepper.com)
- It is ideal for all breeds, so it is a good choice for border collies. (hepper.com)
- While they may look very similar and have the same herding tendencies, Border Collies and Australian Shepherds are actually two entirely different dog breeds. (k9web.com)
- Both Australian Shepherds and Border Collies were developed as herding breeds , although their exact work varies slightly. (k9web.com)
- While Australian Shepherds always have a rough coat, Border Collies come in two varieties: a rough coat and a smooth coat. (k9web.com)
- Australian Shepherds are also usually characterized by a docked tail, while Border Collies are left with their bushy, long tails. (k9web.com)
- Australian Shepherds are known for their gorgeous merle coloring, while Border Collies are typically black and white . (k9web.com)
- Border Collies are herders, meaning they were bred in the past for the specific purpose of herding livestock such as sheep and cattle [ 1 ]. (simplyfamilydog.com)
- Border Collies are extremely energetic and are also one of the most intelligent breeds of dogs, excelling in different types of sports including but not limited to obedience and agility. (simplyfamilydog.com)
- Based on my research, the optimal nutritional intake for Border Collies differs depending on whether they take part in sports careers or are simply a family companion. (simplyfamilydog.com)
- For most family Border Collies,, the best option will be ORIJEN Dog Original Recipe . (simplyfamilydog.com)
- Border Collies are more suitable for grain-free options). (simplyfamilydog.com)
- That's why I have selected a list of the best dog food for Border Collies to keep you informed of the possible varieties your Border Collie may benefit from. (simplyfamilydog.com)
- ORIJEN brand is the best fit for Border Collies as they are among the highest quality dog food brands out in the market. (simplyfamilydog.com)
- The original formula provides both grain and grain-free options, although we suggest the grain-free option for Border Collies as they are more sensitive to grains. (simplyfamilydog.com)
Ubiquitin ligase complexes2
- Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes are activated upon post-translational modification by neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated protein 8. (nih.gov)
- Two-dimensional classifications and subsequent 3D reconstructions of electron density maps show that Ltn1 has an elongated form and presents a continuum of conformational states about two flexible hinge regions, whereas its overall architecture is reminiscent of multisubunit cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes. (nih.gov)
Ligases12
- The cullin proteins are a family of scaffolding proteins that associate with RING proteins and ubiquitin E3 ligases and mediate substrate-receptor bindings. (nih.gov)
- Cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) function in the ubiquitin proteasome system by catalysing the transfer of ubiquitin from E2 conjugating enzymes to specific substrate proteins. (dundee.ac.uk)
- MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. (nih.gov)
- Regulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant response by the ubiquitin proteasome system: an insight into cullin-ring ubiquitin ligases. (nih.gov)
- Regulation of Nrf2 by the Cul3-Keap1-E3 ligase provides strong evidence that tight regulation of Cullin-ring ligases (CRLs) is imperative to maintain cellular homeostasis. (nih.gov)
- We have developed versatile tools based on recombinant E3 ubiquitin ligases that are controlled by light or drug induced heterodimerization for nanobody or DARPin targeted depletion of endogenous proteins in cells and organisms. (nature.com)
- For ubiquitination, proteins are recognized and bound by the substrate binding part of specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, which ligate ubiquitin to the substrate proteins via their catalytic domain. (nature.com)
- As a general strategy we replaced the native substrate binding domain of E3 ubiquitin ligases with recombinant binding modules to direct the ubiquitin ligase activity to selected target proteins and mark them for depletion. (nature.com)
- Using various cellular and biochemical assays, we demonstrated that WRS17 interacts with pro-apoptotic proteins and with other components of the ECS E3 ubiquitin ligases. (broadinstitute.org)
- In VHL-box E3 Ubiquitin ligases, VHL is bound to a heterodimer complex composed of Elongin B (ELOB) and Elongin C (ELOC) through the "BC-box motif" found in many proteins in the VHL-box and SOCS-box protein families. (rndsystems.com)
- They play important roles in regulation of the CELL CYCLE and as components of UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES . (nih.gov)
- A subset of ubiquitin protein ligases that are formed by the association of a SKP DOMAIN PROTEIN , a CULLIN DOMAIN PROTEIN and a F-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN. (bvsalud.org)
Homology2
- All of these proteins contain a conserved cullin homology domain that binds to RING box proteins. (nih.gov)
- GGAs (Golgi-localising, Gamma-adaptin ear domain homology, ARF-binding proteins) are a group of related proteins (three in humans) that act as monomeric clathrin adaptor proteins in various important membrane vesicle traffickings, but are not similar to any of the AP complexes and will not be discussed in detail in this article. (wikipedia.org)
RBX12
- 1 μg and 2 μg per lane of Recombinant Human VHL/ELOB/ELOC/CUL2/RBX1 Complex (Catalog # E3-655) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by colloidal Coomassie Blue staining, showing bands corresponding to the individual proteins of the complex. (rndsystems.com)
- ELOB/ELOC serves as an adapter between substrate recognition proteins and Cullin-2 (or Cullin-5) and RBX1 to form an active E3 ligase. (rndsystems.com)
Degradation of target proteins3
- ASB13 may be a substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (prosci-inc.com)
- belonging to the Skp1-Cdc53/Cullin-F-box-protein complex (SCF/β-TrCP)- F-Box proteins- regulate proteins involved in DNA replication, transcription, cell differentiation, and cell death, via ubiquitination-mediated degradation of target proteins (Kahn, 2021). (genial.ly)
- Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (nih.gov)
Specificity3
- Thus, cullin proteins regulate the specificity of ubiquitin targeting in the regulation of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
- While some of the details of how these adaptor proteins achieve their trafficking specificity has been worked out, there is still much to be learned. (wikipedia.org)
- The functional specificity of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex depends on the variable substrate recognition subunit. (nih.gov)
Genes3
- The individual proteins of the COPII complex are called SEC proteins, because they are encoded by genes identified in secretory mutants of yeast. (wikipedia.org)
- Recent advances in high-throughput technologies in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, in combination with robust bioinformatics enable researchers to rapidly survey thousands of differentially expressed genes, proteins, or metabolites simultaneously, thus employing an integrative approach to identify unique biomarker signatures. (nih.gov)
- Transcriptional analysis of endophilin-A mutant mice, complemented by proteomics, highlighted ataxia- and protein-homeostasis-related genes and revealed upregulation of the E3-ubiquitin ligase FBXO32/atrogin-1 and its transcription factor FOXO3A. (genscript.com)
Target proteins2
- Therefore, current protein knockdown techniques, directly target proteins of interest (POIs) with the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), mainly using two strategies. (nature.com)
- The goal of this study is to develop versatile toolsets for efficient and controlled depletion of tagged as well as untagged endogenous target proteins in cells and organisms. (nature.com)
20211
- The fourth-quarter broiler export forecast was increased on record October volumes, and the 2021 export forecast was increased on expectations that broiler meat will remain attractive as an affordable protein. (thepoultrysite.com)
Saccharomyces1
- Cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are born carrying localized transmembrane landmark proteins that guide the subsequent establishment of a polarity axis and hence polarized growth to form a bud in the next cell cycle. (rupress.org)
Complexes8
- Vesicular transport adaptor proteins are proteins involved in forming complexes that function in the trafficking of molecules from one subcellular location to another. (wikipedia.org)
- In the AP complexes, there are two large proteins (~100 kD) and two smaller proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- The other large protein has different designations in the different complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- The two smaller proteins are a medium subunit named μ (mu ~50 kD) and a small subunit σ (sigma ~20 kD), and named 1 through 5 corresponding to the 5 AP complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- Parts of the AP complexes have evolved into parts of the GGA and stonin proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- An almost universal feature of coat assembly is the recruitment of the various adaptor complexes to the "donor" membrane by the protein Arf1. (wikipedia.org)
- CRLs are large dynamic multi-subunit complexes that control the fate of many proteins in cells and, therefore, constitute attractive drug targets for the development of small-molecule tools and potential drug leads, such as inhibitors and chemical inducers of protein degradation. (dundee.ac.uk)
- There are seven known Cullin proteins that form various CRL complexes. (nih.gov)
Regulate1
- This provides the first in vivo evidence that bHLH-PAS proteins regulate levels of other bHLH-PAS proteins during development and possibly influence cell fate and morphogenetic decisions (Jiang, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
Ubiquitination and subsequent1
- In the presence of the drug in vitro, substrate proteins are targeted for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, leading to direct cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. (ascopost.com)
Adaptor protein1
- Nrf2 is negatively regulated by Keap1, a substrate adaptor protein for the Cullin3 (Cul3)-containing E3-ligase complex, which targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). (nih.gov)
Subunit2
- VHL (von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor) is the substrate recognition subunit for an E3 ligase activity that ubiquitinates proteins containing hydroxyproline residues. (rndsystems.com)
- SCF-Dia2 is a member of the SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase family, in which the F-box protein, Dia2, forms the substrate recognition subunit. (yeastgenome.org)
CUL4B1
- CUL4B may act within the complex as a scaffold protein, contributing to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. (nih.gov)
Substrate recognition component2
- WRS17 is predicted to be the substrate recognition component of an Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein (ECS) E3 ubiquitin ligase. (broadinstitute.org)
- Due to the predicted activity, we hypothesized that WRS17 serves as the substrate recognition component of an ECS E3 ubiquitin ligase that specifically targets pro-apoptotic proteins for proteolysis. (broadinstitute.org)
Gene9
- This gene provides instructions for making a protein called cullin-3. (medlineplus.gov)
- The CUL3 gene variants that cause CUL3 -related neurodevelopmental disorder can lead to the production of nonfunctional cullin-3 proteins, and in some cases, no cullin-3 protein production at all. (medlineplus.gov)
- 15. The Neuronal Gene Arc Encodes a Repurposed Retrotransposon Gag Protein that Mediates Intercellular RNA Transfer. (nih.gov)
- Kelch-like protein 6 (KLHL6) is an uncharacterized gene mutated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (nih.gov)
- This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. (genscript.com)
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class and contains an F-box domain. (genscript.com)
- This protein is highly expressed during muscle atrophy, whereas mice deficient in this gene were found to be resistant to atrophy. (genscript.com)
- Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
- Investigators discovered that the addition of m5C in infected cells highly modifies HIV-1 mRNA, and that NSUN2 methyltransferase-a protein coding gene-adds the m5C to the nucleus. (nih.gov)
Recombinant5
- CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)
- Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
- In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
- Nevertheless whereas constitutes an ideal organism to study the role of GIIβ because it has a glycoprotein folding quality control mechanism similar to that occurring in mammalian cells and it expresses an active GT (Fernández DH5α and JA226 were utilized for cloning purposes whereas recombinant protein expression was carried out using BL26 cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- This recombinant protein can be used for biological assays. (prosci-inc.com)
Characterization2
Neddylation1
- Analysis of in vivo interacting proteins using a mass spectrometry approach identified the cdk11 p58 and a DCND1 (defective in cullin neddylation 1) as partners of the GADD45 family members. (icgeb.org)
Humans1
- Slovakia on Thursday reported its first case of African swine fever, which is deadly to pigs but not humans, prompting the authorities to order a cull. (phys.org)
Metabolism1
- Proteomic analysis resulted in the identification of 6054 proteins, including 1845 PAW-modulated proteins that were majorly associated with energy metabolism, ROS-detoxification, phytohormones signaling, and biosynthesis of glucosinolates. (bvsalud.org)
Complex11
- One of the large proteins is termed β (beta), with β1 in the AP-1 complex, β2 in the AP-2 complex, and so on. (wikipedia.org)
- AP-5 is associated with 2 proteins, SPG11 and SPG15, which have some structural similarity to clathrin, and may form the coat around the AP-5 complex, but the ultrastructure of that coat is not known. (wikipedia.org)
- The von Hippel-Lindau complex forms part of a larger complex with elongin-B, elongin-C and cullin-2, which is later destroyed by proteosomes. (medscape.com)
- Vif targets A3 restriction factors for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by recruiting them to a multi-protein ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. (nih.gov)
- These independent tools can be combined for spatial and temporal depletion of different sets of proteins, can help to distinguish immediate cellular responses from long-term adaptation effects and can facilitate the exploration of complex networks. (nature.com)
- Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic biological process for this protein complex. (yeastgenome.org)
- Cellular activities of pomalidomide are mediated through its target cereblon, a component of a cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme complex. (ascopost.com)
- In Chapter 5 of this work, I focus on two essential components of the SCF complex, Cullin A (CulA) and SkpA. (ku.edu)
- The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. (genscript.com)
- The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. (prosci-inc.com)
- Plays a role as part of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex in polyubiquitination of CDT1, histone H2A, histone H3 and histone H4 in response to radiation-induced DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Targets1
- F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (summary by Jin et al. (nih.gov)
Cellular9
- When oxygen levels are sufficient to meet cellular demand (normoxia), HIF-α subunits are subjected to oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylation, which promotes an interaction with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. (medscape.com)
- Mediation of the physiological and pathological stimulation that causes a change in cellular phenotype is enacted by a variety of proangiogenic factors, which include secreted proteins, transcription factors, cytokines, oncogenes, trace elements, proteases, enzymes and low-molecular-weight mediators. (medscape.com)
- Biological processes in development and disease are controlled by the abundance, localization and modification of cellular proteins. (nature.com)
- The cellular abundance of proteins is determined by transcription, translation and degradation, each of which may be targeted for functional studies. (nature.com)
- Here, we present light and drug-controlled depletion tools that can be used in combination to control cellular levels of two or more sets of proteins. (nature.com)
- The critical role of thioredoxin-interacting protein ( TXNIP ) in cellular sulfhydryl redox homeostasis and inflammasome activation is already widely known, however, no pan-cancer analysis is currently available. (researchsquare.com)
- Thioredoxin-interacting protein ( TXNIP ), also known as Thioredoxin-binding protein-2 or Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein-1, was originally identified as an endogenous antagonist of thioredoxin (Trx), a key regulator in cellular redox equilibrium 3 . (researchsquare.com)
- TXNIP protein may act as an oxidative stress mediator by inhibiting Trx activity or limiting its bioavailability, however this protein also exerts several other physiological and pathological effects, including regulating cell proliferation, cell division, apoptotic process, and cellular response to estradiol/progesterone or mechanical/chemical stimulus 5 - 7 . (researchsquare.com)
- We also explored the potential molecular mechanism of TXNIP in the oncogenesis or clinical prognosis of malignancies by analyzing relevant protein ubiquitination sites, protein phosphorylation sites, and related cellular pathway. (researchsquare.com)
Drosophila3
- 6. Structures of virus-like capsids formed by the Drosophila neuronal Arc proteins. (nih.gov)
- Drosophila Dys belongs to a novel conserved subfamily of bHLH-PAS proteins that includes C. elegans C15C8.2 and H-NXF. (sdbonline.org)
- Dys also likely belongs to an extended family of Drosophila bHLH-PAS proteins, including Sim, Sima, Ss, and Trh, that dimerize with Tgo. (sdbonline.org)
Functional5
- Of the multiple proteins that transiently interact with AMPARs and that determine their trafficking, synaptic targeting and recycling in neurons, some special attention must be given to transmembrane proteins that form integral part of the functional receptor. (frontiersin.org)
- 4. Structure of monomeric full-length ARC sheds light on molecular flexibility, protein interactions, and functional modalities. (nih.gov)
- We use this rapid, tunable and reversible protein depletion for functional studies of essential proteins like PCNA in DNA repair and to investigate the role of CED-3 in apoptosis during Caenorhabditis elegans development. (nature.com)
- Moreover, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, protein post-translational modification and other related pathways were involved in the functional mechanisms of TXNIP . (researchsquare.com)
- We report that KLHL6 assembles with CULLIN3 to form a functional CULLIN-Ring ubiquitin ligase. (nih.gov)
Regulation3
- Despite the abundance of AMPAR partners, recent proteomic studies have revealed even more interacting proteins that could potentially be involved in AMPAR regulation. (frontiersin.org)
- Diego Rodriguez, a senior biochemistry and psychology double major at Oregon State University, worked to identify and characterize a novel mechanism of the regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins in cancer. (broadinstitute.org)
- A family of structurally related proteins that were originally discovered for their role in cell-cycle regulation in CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS . (nih.gov)
Interaction1
- The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. (genscript.com)
Yeast1
- Yeast Total Protein Extract and Microsomal Portion Preparations Yeast whole cell extracts were prepared from 20 ml of exponentially growing cultures (for 20 min. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Metabolites1
- This study investigated the impact of plasma-activated water (PAW) on Raphanus sativus (radish) roots at the level of proteins and metabolites. (bvsalud.org)
Apoptosis1
- Recent research has indicated that certain proteins found in the flagella (the tail-like propeller used for locomotion) of the benign Salmonella bacteria can prevent intestinal cells from going through the process of apoptosis, a sort of controlled cell suicide that naturally culls old cells. (nbcnews.com)
Sequences2
- To learn about the virus-fighting potential of human ERVs, a research team led by Dr. Cedric Feschotte of Cornell University scanned the human genome for sequences that might code for receptor-binding portions of envelope proteins. (nih.gov)
- These sequences represent the protein coding region of the FBXO32 cDNA ORF which is encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) sequence. (genscript.com)
Vivo1
- I have determined their terminal phenotypes via the heterokaryon rescue technique, and I have studied their in vivo localization patterns using fluorescent protein fusions I have generated. (ku.edu)
Inhibition2
- Dysregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins causes an inhibition of apoptotic cell death, leading to increased cell proliferation and resistance to therapy in cancer. (broadinstitute.org)
- Proteins involved in Cdh1 inhibition and inactivation have been identified in other organisms but not in A. nidulans prior to my work. (ku.edu)
Viral5
- The lentiviral protein Viral Infectivity Factor (Vif) counteracts the antiviral effects of host APOBEC3 (A3) proteins and contributes to persistent HIV infection. (nih.gov)
- Researchers found that stretches of viral DNA long embedded in the human genome can produce proteins that help block infection by viruses. (nih.gov)
- Further identification and study of these protective virus-based proteins could provide new insights for fighting viral infections. (nih.gov)
- The human cytidine deaminase Apobec3F (h-A3F) a protein linked to the previously recognized antiviral factor Apobec3G (h-A3G) has antiviral activity against individual immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that's suppressed with the viral protein Vif. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- Each viral protein carries its own code-or transcript-and for the virus to thrive, these transcripts must be replicated. (nih.gov)
Drug-induced2
- Identification of protein biomarkers of drug-induced protein degradation in CSF would be important for testing therapeutics utilizing this mechanism in human Parkinson's disease patients. (michaeljfox.org)
- It is anticipated that a signature of drug-induced protein clearance will be identified in CSF. (michaeljfox.org)
Abundance2
- We will use a sensitive technique with the ability to analyze changes in the concentrations of hundreds of proteins, and will screen for proteins whose abundance increases or decreases in the CSF of drug-treated models. (michaeljfox.org)
- CSF of treated models was successfully subjected to detailed proteomic analysis and screened for proteins whose abundance increased or decreased compared to non-treated models. (michaeljfox.org)
Motif2
Vitro1
- Typical protein concentration for use in vitro will depend on experimental conditions. (rndsystems.com)
Catalytic1
- In addition to its evolutionarily conserved large size, Ltn1 is characterized by the presence of a conserved N terminus, HEAT/ARM repeats predicted to comprise the majority of the protein, and a C-terminal catalytic RING domain, although the protein's exact structure is unknown. (nih.gov)
