A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS possessing the primitive radial configuration of podia in all five ambulacral areas.
A class of Echinodermata characterized by long, slender bodies.
A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS in the family Holothuriidae possessing thick body walls, a warty body surface, and microscopic ossicles.
Substances that are toxic to blood in general, including the clotting mechanism; hematotoxins may refer to the hematopoietic system.
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.
A toxic lectin from the seeds of jequirity, Abrus precatorius L. Very active poison. Five different proteins have so far been isolated: Abrus agglutinin, the component responsible for: hemagglutinating activity, & abrins a-d, the toxic principals each consisting of two peptide chains are held together by disulfide bonds.
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.
Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

Antibacterial activity of peptides derived from the C-terminal region of a hemolytic lectin, CEL-III, from the marine invertebrate Cucumaria echinata. (1/14)

Several synthetic peptides derived from the C-terminal domain sequence of a hemolytic lectin, CEL-III, were examined as to their action on bacteria and artificial lipid membranes. Peptide P332 (KGVIFAKASVSVKVTASLSK-NH(2)), corresponding to the sequence from residue 332, exhibited strong antibacterial activity toward Gram-positive bacteria. Replacement of each Lys in P332 by Ala markedly decreased the activity. However, when all Lys were replaced by Arg, the antibacterial activity increased, indicating the importance of positively charged residues at these positions. Replacement of Val by Leu also led to higher antibacterial activity, especially toward Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of these peptides was correlated with their membrane-permeabilizing activity toward the bacterial inner membrane and artificial lipid vesicles, indicating that the antibacterial action is due to perturbation of bacterial cell membranes, leading to enhancement of their permeability. These results also suggest that the hydrophobic region of CEL-III, from which P332 and its analogs were derived, may play some role in the interaction with target cell membranes to trigger hemolysis.  (+info)

Characteristic recognition of N-acetylgalactosamine by an invertebrate C-type Lectin, CEL-I, revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. (2/14)

CEL-I is a C-type lectin, purified from the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata, that shows a high specificity for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). We determined the crystal structures of CEL-I and its complex with GalNAc at 2.0 and 1.7 A resolution, respectively. CEL-I forms a disulfide-linked homodimer and contains two intramolecular disulfide bonds, although it lacks one intramolecular disulfide bond that is widely conserved among various C-type carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). Although the sequence similarity of CEL-I with other C-type CRDs is low, the overall folding of CEL-I was quite similar to those of other C-type CRDs. The structure of the complex with GalNAc revealed that the basic recognition mode of GalNAc was very similar to that for the GalNAc-binding mutant of the mannose-binding protein. However, the acetamido group of GalNAc appeared to be recognized more strongly by the combination of hydrogen bonds to Arg115 and van der Waals interaction with Gln70. Mutational analyses, in which Gln70 and/or Arg115 were replaced by alanine, confirmed that these residues contributed to GalNAc recognition in a cooperative manner.  (+info)

Constituents of Holothuroidea, 17. Isolation and structure of biologically active monosialo-gangliosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. (3/14)

Three new monosialo-gangliosides, CEG-3 (3), CEG-4 (4), and CEG-5 (5), were obtained, together with two known gangliosides, SJG-1 (1) and CG-1 (2), from the lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. The structures of the new gangliosides were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence to be 1-O-[4-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->11)-(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)- (2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (3) and 1-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->11)-(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-bet a-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (4, 5). The ceramide moieties of each compound were composed of heterogeneous sphingosine or phytosphingosine bases, and 2-hydroxy or nonhydroxylated fatty acid units. These gangliosides showed neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12 in the presence of nerve growth factor.  (+info)

Constituents of Holothuroidea, 18. Isolation and structure of biologically active disialo- and trisialo-gangliosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. (4/14)

Three new disialo- and trisialo-gangliosides, CEG-6 (6), CEG-8 (8), and CEG-9 (9), were obtained, together with one known ganglioside, HLG-3 (7), from the lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. The structures of the new gangliosides were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence to be 1-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->11)-(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->4)-(N- acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (6) and 1-O-[(N-glycolyl-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->11)-(N-glycolyl-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->4)-(N- acetyl-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (8, 9). The ceramide moieties of each compound were composed of an homogeneous sphingosine or phytosphingosine base and heterogeneous 2-hydroxy or nonhydroxylated fatty acid units. These gangliosides showed neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12 in the presence of nerve growth factor.  (+info)

Determination of the absolute configuration of sialic acids in gangliosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. (5/14)

Enantiomeric pairs of sialic acid, D- and L-NeuAc (N-acetylneuraminic acid), were converted to D- and L-arabinose, respectively, by chemical degradation. Using this method, the absolute configuration of the sialic acid residues, NeuAc and NeuGc (N-glycolylneuraminic acid), in the gangliosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata was determined to be the D-form. Although naturally occurring sialic acids have been believed to be the D-form on the basis of biosynthetic evidence, this is the first report of the determination of the absolute configuration of the sialic acid residues in gangliosides using chemical methods.  (+info)

C-type lectin-like carbohydrate recognition of the hemolytic lectin CEL-III containing ricin-type -trefoil folds. (6/14)

CEL-III is a Ca(2+)-dependent hemolytic lectin, isolated from the marine invertebrate Cucumaria echinata. The three-dimensional structure of CEL-III/GalNAc and CEL-III/methyl alpha-galactoside complexes was solved by x-ray crystallographic analysis. In these complexes, five carbohydrate molecules were found to be bound to two carbohydrate-binding domains (domains 1 and 2) located in the N-terminal 2/3 portion of the polypeptide and that contained beta-trefoil folds similar to ricin B-chain. The 3-OH and 4-OH of bound carbohydrate molecules were coordinated with Ca(2+) located at the subdomains 1alpha, 1gamma, 2alpha, 2beta, and 2gamma, simultaneously forming hydrogen bond networks with nearby amino acid side chains, which is similar to carbohydrate binding in C-type lectins. The binding of carbohydrates was further stabilized by aromatic amino acid residues, such as tyrosine and tryptophan, through a stacking interaction with the hydrophobic face of carbohydrates. The importance of amino acid residues in the carbohydrate-binding sites was confirmed by the mutational analyses. The orientation of bound GalNAc and methyl alpha-galactoside was similar to the galactose moiety of lactose bound to the carbohydrate-binding site of the ricin B-chain, although the ricin B-chain does not require Ca(2+) ions for carbohydrate binding. The binding of the carbohydrates induced local structural changes in carbohydrate-binding sites in subdomains 2alpha and 2beta. Binding of GalNAc also induced a slight change in the main chain structure of domain 3, which could be related to the conformational change upon binding of specific carbohydrates to induce oligomerization of the protein.  (+info)

Hemolytic C-type lectin CEL-III from sea cucumber expressed in transgenic mosquitoes impairs malaria parasite development. (7/14)

The midgut environment of anopheline mosquitoes plays an important role in the development of the malaria parasite. Using genetic manipulation of anopheline mosquitoes to change the environment in the mosquito midgut may inhibit development of the malaria parasite, thus blocking malaria transmission. Here we generate transgenic Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes that express the C-type lectin CEL-III from the sea cucumber, Cucumaria echinata, in a midgut-specific manner. CEL-III has strong and rapid hemolytic activity toward human and rat erythrocytes in the presence of serum. Importantly, CEL-III binds to ookinetes, leading to strong inhibition of ookinete formation in vitro with an IC(50) of 15 nM. Thus, CEL-III exhibits not only hemolytic activity but also cytotoxicity toward ookinetes. In these transgenic mosquitoes, sporogonic development of Plasmodium berghei is severely impaired. Moderate, but significant inhibition was found against Plasmodium falciparum. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of stably engineered anophelines that affect the Plasmodium transmission dynamics of human malaria. Although our laboratory-based research does not have immediate applications to block natural malaria transmission, these findings have significant implications for the generation of refractory mosquitoes to all species of human Plasmodium and elucidation of mosquito-parasite interactions.  (+info)

Stress-strain experiments on individual collagen fibrils. (8/14)

 (+info)

There are two main types of hemolysis:

1. Intravascular hemolysis: This type occurs within the blood vessels and is caused by factors such as mechanical injury, oxidative stress, and certain infections.
2. Extravascular hemolysis: This type occurs outside the blood vessels and is caused by factors such as bone marrow disorders, splenic rupture, and certain medications.

Hemolytic anemia is a condition that occurs when there is excessive hemolysis of RBCs, leading to a decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells in the body. This can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

Some common causes of hemolysis include:

1. Genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
2. Autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).
3. Infections such as malaria, babesiosis, and toxoplasmosis.
4. Medications such as antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood thinners.
5. Bone marrow disorders such as aplastic anemia and myelofibrosis.
6. Splenic rupture or surgical removal of the spleen.
7. Mechanical injury to the blood vessels.

Diagnosis of hemolysis is based on a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC), blood smear examination, and direct Coombs test. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include supportive care, blood transfusions, and medications to suppress the immune system or prevent infection.

... adela Clark, 1946 Cucumaria anivaensis Levin, 2004 Cucumaria arcuata (Hérouard, 1921) Cucumaria compressa (R. Perrier ... 1958 Cucumaria irregularis Vaney, 1906 Cucumaria joubini Vaney, 1914 Cucumaria koreaensis Östergren, 1898 Cucumaria lamberti ... 1980 Cucumaria solangeae Martins & Souto, 2015 Cucumaria tenuis Ludwig, 1875 Cucumaria vaneyi Cherbonnier, 1949 Cucumaria vegae ... 1942 Cucumaria parassimilis Deichmann, 1930 Cucumaria perfida Vaney, 1908 Cucumaria periprocta Vaney, 1908 Cucumaria piperata ( ...
... is a species of sea cucumber. It is commonly known as the orange sea cucumber or red sea cucumber due to its ... Cucumaria miniata can be found from northern Alaska to northern Mexico. They live in rocky areas from the intertidal zone to a ... Cucumaria miniata spawn from March to May. They extend the anterior portion of their body and release eggs and sperm into the ... Cucumaria miniata are suspension feeders. They use their bushy tentacles to capture detritus and plankton from the water column ...
Externally, Cucumaria vegae is all but identical to another species of sea cucumber, Cucumaria pseudocurata. This latter ... Cucumaria vegae, also known as tiny black sea cucumber or northern tar spot, is a species of sea cucumber. It was first ...
A study of the biology for fishery in two populations of Cucumaria frondosa: In the Barents Sea (Russia) and in the Gulf of ... The orange-footed sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) is the largest sea cucumber in New England, United States. It is one of the ... Hansson, Hans (2010). "Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1767)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-02-01. ... Most sea cucumbers are deposit feeders but Cucumaria frondosa are a suspension feeding organism where they catch available ...
Examples include Thyonella and Cucumaria. Holothurians in this order are characterised by ten to thirty much branched tentacles ... Pseudocolochirus violaceus Cucumaria planci An illustrated key to the sea cucumbers of the South Atlantic Bight Retrieved 2012- ... 1942 Cucumaria miniata, a Cucumariidae Thyone aurea, a Phyllophoridae Psolus fabricii, a Psolidae Eupentacta quinquesemita, a ...
Mouth of a Cucumaria miniata, with dendritic tentacles, for filtering the water. Faeces of an holothurian. This participates in ... One study found that a lectin from Cucumaria echinata impaired the development of the malaria parasite when produced by ... Cucumaria miniata, a filter-feeding sea cucumber. Pseudocolochirus ("sea apple"). Holothuria leucospilota Isostichopus ... ISBN 978-0-03-056747-6. Cucumaria frondosa Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Invertebrate anatomy online. ed2012-02-12 ...
Cucumaria frondosa, the orange-footed sea cucumber. Heterotrypa frondosa, an Ordovician fossil organism among the Paleozoic ...
... is a parasite of sea cucumbers such as Cucumaria miniata. It inhabits the gut of the sea cucumber, being ...
Cucumaria insolens Théel, 1886 Pseudocnella sykion (Lampert, 1885) Black sea cucumber syn. Cucumaria sykion (Lampert, 1885) ... Cucumaria stephensoni John, 1939 Roweia frauenfeldi frauenfeldi (Ludwig, 1882) Horseshoe sea cucumber syn. Cucumaria ... Cucumaria spyridophora, Pentacucumis spyridophora Pentacta doliolum (Pallas, 1766) Cask sea cucumber, mauve sea cucumber ...
ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0. Fankboner (1981). "A re-examination of mucus feeding by the sea cucumber Leptopentacta ( = Cucumaria) ...
Cucumaria curata has been found in tidepools on exposed rock areas near the creek. Anglers fish for surfperch and rockfish ...
This starfish feeds on various small sea cucumbers, such as Cucumaria miniata, Cucumaria curata, Eupentacta quinquesemita, ...
So, J. J.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (December 2010). "Habitat utilisation, growth and predation of Cucumaria frondosa: ...
On December 21, 2007, a study published in PLoS Pathogens found the hemolytic C-type lectin CEL-III from Cucumaria echinata, a ...
... cucumaria MeSH B01.500.408.560.400 - holothuria MeSH B01.500.408.560.700 - stichopus MeSH B01.500.408.578 - sea urchins MeSH ...
... horrens Stichopus ludwigi Stichopus mollis Stichopus monotuberculatus Stichopus variegatus Paracaudina tetrapora Cucumaria ...
... a plant species native to North and Central America and parts of Eurasia Cucumaria echinata, a sea cucumber species found in ...
2009 Cucumaria Blainville, 1830 Cucusquama O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin, Tavancheh & Harding, 2016 Cucuvitrum O'Loughlin & O' Hara ... 1876 Aslia lefevrii Colochirus robustus Cucumaria miniata Ocnus planci Pawsonia saxicola Marine Species Identification Portal ...
Aslia lefevrei Cucumaria frondosa (orange-footed sea cucumber) Leptopentacta elongata Ocnus lacteus Ocnus planci Paracucumaria ...
It has been shown that four species of sea cucumber (Thyonella gemmate, Holothuria floridana, H. grisea and Cucumaria frondosa ...
... an orchid species Cucumaria miniata, the orange sea cucumber, an echinoderm species Miniata This disambiguation page lists ...
Cucumaria miniata) Feather Star (Florometra serratissima) Orange Sea Pen (Ptilosarcus gurneyi) Decorated Warbonnet (Chirolophis ...
Cucumaria B01.050.500.408.560.400 Holothuria B01.050.500.408.560.700 Stichopus B01.050.500.408.578 Sea Urchins B01.050.500.408. ...
Examples of FCS from holothuria: (a) a polysaccharide from Cucumaria japonica [3] that has a trisaccharide repeating unit ... Examples of FCS from holothuria: (a) a polysaccharide from Cucumaria japonica [3] that… ... typical of most known FCS; (b) a fragment of the FCS carbohydrate chain from Cucumaria frondosa [4] that has branching both at ...
Cucumaria Preferred Term Term UI T571727. Date02/06/2004. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2005). ... Cucumaria Preferred Concept UI. M0460437. Registry Number. txid28832. Scope Note. A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS possessing the ... Cucumaria. Tree Number(s). B01.050.500.408.560.150. Unique ID. D048016. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ ...
Cucumaria Preferred Term Term UI T571727. Date02/06/2004. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2005). ... Cucumaria Preferred Concept UI. M0460437. Registry Number. txid28832. Scope Note. A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS possessing the ... Cucumaria. Tree Number(s). B01.050.500.408.560.150. Unique ID. D048016. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ ...
4. Other animals, starfish (Pisaster ochraceus), sea cucumber (Cucumaria miniata), gum boot chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) and ...
Fanfarillo, Emanuele; Angiolini, Claudia; Tordoni, Enrico; Bacaro, Giovanni; Bazzato, Erika; Castaldini, Maurizio; Cucu, Maria ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
B1.50.500.308.361 Cucumaria B1.500.408.560.150 B1.50.500.408.560.150 Cucumis B6.388.100.300.188 B1.650.388.100.300.188 Cucumis ...
Wang Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Hu S, Shi D and Xue C (2016) Fucoidan from sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa exhibits anti-hyperglycemic ... Characterization of a Coproduct from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and Its Effects on Visceral Adipocyte Size in Male ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis Dysidea Dysidea Dysidea Echinococcus granulosus Echinococcus ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumaria Cucumaria Cães Guaxinins Raccoon Dogs Perros del Raccoon Didelphis Didelphis Didelphis ...
Cucumaria Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite Cucumis Cucumis melo Cucumis sativus Cucumovirus Cucurbita Cucurbitaceae ...
  • 4. Other animals, starfish (Pisaster ochraceus), sea cucumber (Cucumaria miniata), gum boot chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) and mussels (Mytilus californianus), injected with p-nitroanisole exhibited a trend toward oxidative biotransformation. (nih.gov)
  • I was euphoric that I happened to be in the water when Orange Sea Cucumbers ( Cucumaria miniata ) and Giant Plumose Anemones ( Metridium farcimen) were broadcast spawning. (themarinedetective.com)
  • 5. Immunomodulatory properties of frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from the North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. (nih.gov)
  • 16. [Monosulfated triterpene glycosides from Cucumaria okhotensis Levin et Stepanov, a new species of sea cucumbers from Sea of Okhotsk]. (nih.gov)
  • Die größte Dendrochirotida-Art ist Cucumaria frondosa , die eine Länge von 60 Zentimeter erreichen kann. (eol.org)
  • 10. Sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa fucoidan inhibits osteosarcoma adhesion and migration by regulating cytoskeleton remodeling. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Other animals, starfish (Pisaster ochraceus), sea cucumber (Cucumaria miniata), gum boot chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) and mussels (Mytilus californianus), injected with p-nitroanisole exhibited a trend toward oxidative biotransformation. (nih.gov)