Crystallography x ray. Medical search

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei during NUCLEAR DECAY. The range of wavelengths of emitted radiation is between 0.1 - 100 pm which overlaps the shorter, more energetic hard X-RAYS wavelengths. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film).

Devices for accelerating protons or electrons in closed orbits where the accelerating voltage and magnetic field strength varies (the accelerating voltage is held constant for electrons) in order to keep the orbit radius constant.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The scattering of NEUTRONS by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. It is useful in CRYSTALLOGRAPHY and POWDER DIFFRACTION.

A subclass of cartilaginous fish comprising the SHARKS; rays; skates (SKATES (FISH);), and sawfish. Elasmobranchs are typically predaceous, relying more on smell (the olfactory capsules are relatively large) than sight (the eyes are relatively small) for obtaining their food.

A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The common name for all members of the Rajidae family. Skates and rays are members of the same order (Rajiformes). Skates have weak electric organs.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Light absorbing proteins and protein prosthetic groups found in certain microorganisms. Some microbial photoreceptors initiate specific chemical reactions which signal a change in the environment, while others generate energy by pumping specific ions across a cellular membrane.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Scattering of a beam of electromagnetic or acoustic RADIATION, or particles, at small angles by particles or cavities whose dimensions are many times as large as the wavelength of the radiation or the de Broglie wavelength of the scattered particles. Also know as low angle scattering. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Small angle scattering (SAS) techniques, small angle neutron (SANS), X-ray (SAXS), and light (SALS, or just LS) scattering, are used to characterize objects on a nanoscale.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Neutrons, the energy of which exceeds some arbitrary level, usually around one million electron volts.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.

Hospital department which is responsible for the administration and provision of x-ray diagnostic and therapeutic services.

Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

The effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation upon living organisms, organs and tissues, and their constituents, and upon physiologic processes. It includes the effect of irradiation on food, drugs, and chemicals.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.

The accumulation of an electric charge on a object

Analytical technique for studying substances present at enzyme concentrations in single cells, in situ, by measuring light absorption. Light from a tungsten strip lamp or xenon arc dispersed by a grating monochromator illuminates the optical system of a microscope. The absorbance of light is measured (in nanometers) by comparing the difference between the image of the sample and a reference image.

Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Membranous appendage of fish and other aquatic organisms used for locomotion or balance.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

The region of the HAND between the WRIST and the FINGERS.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The articulation between a metacarpal bone and a phalanx.

The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).

The electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. Users in different locations may simultaneously view images with greater access to secondary consultations and improved continuing education. (From American College of Radiology, ACR Standard for Teleradiology, 1994, p3)

The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation.

A vacuum tube equipped with an electron emitting CATHODE and a fluorescent screen which emits visible light when excited by the cathode ray. Cathode ray tubes are used as imaging devises for TELEVISIONS; COMPUTER TERMINALS; TEXT TELECOMMUNICATION DEVICES; oscilloscopes; and other DATA DISPLAY devices.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Controlled operations of analytic or diagnostic processes, or systems by mechanical or electronic devices.

The degree of 3-dimensional shape similarity between proteins. It can be an indication of distant AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and used for rational DRUG DESIGN.

Data processing largely performed by automatic means.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

A conjugated protein which is the oxygen-transporting pigment of muscle. It is made up of one globin polypeptide chain and one heme group.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Unstable isotopes of cadmium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cd atoms with atomic weights 103-105, 107, 109, 115, and 117-119 are radioactive cadmium isotopes.

A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found widely distributed in cells of almost all tissues. Deficiencies of carbonic anhydrase II produce a syndrome characterized by OSTEOPETROSIS, renal tubular acidosis (ACIDOSIS, RENAL TUBULAR) and cerebral calcification. EC 4.2.1.-

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Individuals responsible for fabrication of dental appliances.

Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A subdiscipline of genetics that studies RADIATION EFFECTS on the components and processes of biological inheritance.

The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere, or spacecraft and may create secondary radiation as a result of collisions with the atmosphere or spacecraft.

A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.

The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs (LUNG) and lining the THORACIC CAVITY. Pleura consist of two layers, the inner visceral pleura lying next to the pulmonary parenchyma and the outer parietal pleura. Between the two layers is the PLEURAL CAVITY which contains a thin film of liquid.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.

Quartz (SiO2). A glassy or crystalline form of silicon dioxide. Many colored varieties are semiprecious stones. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.

Large marine mammals of the order CETACEA. In the past, they were commercially valued for whale oil, for their flesh as human food and in ANIMAL FEED and FERTILIZERS, and for baleen. Today, there is a moratorium on most commercial whaling, as all species are either listed as endangered or threatened.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

The largest of the TARSAL BONES which is situated at the lower and back part of the FOOT, forming the HEEL.

Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.

Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A computer simulation technique that is used to model the interaction between two molecules. Typically the docking simulation measures the interactions of a small molecule or ligand with a part of a larger molecule such as a protein.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urate and unidentified products. It is a copper protein. The initial products decompose to form allantoin. EC 1.7.3.3.

The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.

The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.

Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.

Neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. The number of ligand atoms to which the metal center is directly bonded is the metal cation's coordination number, and this number is always greater than the regular valence or oxidation number of the metal. A coordination complex can be negative, neutral, or positively charged.

A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the three ester bonds in a phosphotriester-containing compound.

The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in hot springs of neutral to alkaline pH, as well as in hot-water heaters.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Family of rod-shaped DNA viruses infecting ARCHAEA. They lack viral envelopes or lipids.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Protein modules with conserved ligand-binding surfaces which mediate specific interaction functions in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS and the specific BINDING SITES of their cognate protein LIGANDS.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Outgrowth of immature bony processes or bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE) from the VERTEBRAE, reflecting the presence of degenerative disease and calcification. It commonly occurs in cervical and lumbar SPONDYLOSIS.

Macromolecular complexes formed from the association of defined protein subunits.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The science, art, or technology dealing with processes involved in the separation of metals from their ores, the technique of making or compounding the alloys, the techniques of working or heat-treating metals, and the mining of metals. It includes industrial metallurgy as well as metallurgical techniques employed in the preparation and working of metals used in dentistry, with special reference to orthodontic and prosthodontic appliances. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p494)

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

Heterodimers of FLAVONOIDS bound to LIGNANS.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

A research technique to measure solvent exposed regions of molecules that is used to provide insight about PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.

Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

An enzyme that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pancreatic ribonucleic acids to 3'-phosphomono- and oligonucleotides ending in cytidylic or uridylic acids with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. EC 3.1.27.5.

Breaks in bones.

A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A soluble cytochrome P-450 enzyme that catalyzes camphor monooxygenation in the presence of putidaredoxin, putidaredoxin reductase, and molecular oxygen. This enzyme, encoded by the CAMC gene also known as CYP101, has been crystallized from bacteria and the structure is well defined. Under anaerobic conditions, this enzyme reduces the polyhalogenated compounds bound at the camphor-binding site.

Proteins produced from GENES that have acquired MUTATIONS.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Large collections of small molecules (molecular weight about 600 or less), of similar or diverse nature which are used for high-throughput screening analysis of the gene function, protein interaction, cellular processing, biochemical pathways, or other chemical interactions.

The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The ability of a protein to retain its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to physical or chemical manipulations.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A thermostable extracellular metalloendopeptidase containing four calcium ions. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) 3.4.24.27.

Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.

The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.

The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics.

Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.

High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees with long, flat, spirally arranged needles that grow directly from the branch.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.

Collective name for a group of external MECHANORECEPTORS and chemoreceptors manifesting as sensory structures in ARTHROPODS. They include cuticular projections (setae, hairs, bristles), pores, and slits.

A representation, generally small in scale, to show the structure, construction, or appearance of something. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Rhodopsins found in the PURPLE MEMBRANE of halophilic archaea such as HALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM. Bacteriorhodopsins function as an energy transducers, converting light energy into electrochemical energy via PROTON PUMPS.

Storage-stable glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor Xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. A deficiency of factor X, sometimes called Stuart-Prower factor deficiency, may lead to a systemic coagulation disorder.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

A highly vascularized extra-embryonic membrane, formed by the fusion of the CHORION and the ALLANTOIS. It is mostly found in BIRDS and REPTILES. It serves as a model for studying tumor or cell biology, such as angiogenesis and TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.

Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of aldose and ketose compounds.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.

The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.

Crystal structure of MHC class II-associated p41 Ii fragment bound to cathepsin L reveals the structural basis for differentiation between cathepsins L and S. (1/22435)

The lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsins S and L play crucial roles in the degradation of the invariant chain during maturation of MHC class II molecules and antigen processing. The p41 form of the invariant chain includes a fragment which specifically inhibits cathepsin L but not S. The crystal structure of the p41 fragment, a homologue of the thyroglobulin type-1 domains, has been determined at 2.0 A resolution in complex with cathepsin L. The structure of the p41 fragment demonstrates a novel fold, consisting of two subdomains, each stabilized by disulfide bridges. The first subdomain is an alpha-helix-beta-strand arrangement, whereas the second subdomain has a predominantly beta-strand arrangement. The wedge shape and three-loop arrangement of the p41 fragment bound to the active site cleft of cathepsin L are reminiscent of the inhibitory edge of cystatins, thus demonstrating the first example of convergent evolution observed in cysteine protease inhibitors. However, the different fold of the p41 fragment results in additional contacts with the top of the R-domain of the enzymes, which defines the specificity-determining S2 and S1' substrate-binding sites. This enables inhibitors based on the thyroglobulin type-1 domain fold, in contrast to the rather non-selective cystatins, to exhibit specificity for their target enzymes. (+info)

Structural basis of profactor D activation: from a highly flexible zymogen to a novel self-inhibited serine protease, complement factor D. (2/22435)

The crystal structure of profactor D, determined at 2.1 A resolution with an Rfree and an R-factor of 25.1 and 20.4%, respectively, displays highly flexible or disordered conformation for five regions: N-22, 71-76, 143-152, 187-193 and 215-223. A comparison with the structure of its mature serine protease, complement factor D, revealed major conformational changes in the similar regions. Comparisons with the zymogen-active enzyme pairs of chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen and prethrombin-2 showed a similar distribution of the flexible regions. However, profactor D is the most flexible of the four, and its mature enzyme displays inactive, self-inhibited active site conformation. Examination of the surface properties of the N-terminus-binding pocket indicates that Ile16 may play the initial positioning role for the N-terminus, and Leu17 probably also helps in inducing the required conformational changes. This process, perhaps shared by most chymotrypsinogen-like zymogens, is followed by a factor D-unique step, the re-orientation of an external Arg218 to an internal position for salt-bridging with Asp189, leading to the generation of the self-inhibited factor D. (+info)

Crystal structure of an MHC class I presented glycopeptide that generates carbohydrate-specific CTL. (3/22435)

T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of nonpeptidic and modified peptide antigens has been recently uncovered but is still poorly understood. Immunization with an H-2Kb-restricted glycopeptide RGY8-6H-Gal2 generates a population of cytotoxic T cells that express both alpha/beta TCR, specific for glycopeptide, and gamma/delta TCR, specific for the disaccharide, even on glycolipids. The crystal structure of Kb/RGY8-6H-Gal2 now demonstrates that the peptide and H-2Kb structures are unaffected by the peptide glycosylation, but the central region of the putative TCR binding site is dominated by the extensive exposure of the tethered carbohydrate. These features of the Kb/RGY8-6H-Gal2 structure are consistent with the individual ligand binding preferences identified for the alpha/beta and gamma/delta TCRs and thus explain the generation of a carbohydrate-specific T cell response. (+info)

Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (4/22435)

Two synthetic O-GlcNAc-bearing peptides that elicit H-2Db-restricted glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) have been shown to display nonreciprocal patterns of cross-reactivity. Here, we present the crystal structures of the H-2Db glycopeptide complexes to 2.85 A resolution or better. In both cases, the glycan is solvent exposed and available for direct recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR). We have modeled the complex formed between the MHC-glycopeptide complexes and their respective TCRs, showing that a single saccharide residue can be accommodated in the standard TCR-MHC geometry. The models also reveal a possible molecular basis for the observed cross-reactivity patterns of the CTL clones, which appear to be influenced by the length of the CDR3 loop and the nature of the immunizing ligand. (+info)

Structure of CD94 reveals a novel C-type lectin fold: implications for the NK cell-associated CD94/NKG2 receptors. (5/22435)

The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of CD94, a component of the CD94/NKG2 NK cell receptor, has been determined to 2.6 A resolution, revealing a unique variation of the C-type lectin fold. In this variation, the second alpha helix, corresponding to residues 102-112, is replaced by a loop, the putative carbohydrate-binding site is significantly altered, and the Ca2+-binding site appears nonfunctional. This structure may serve as a prototype for other NK cell receptors such as Ly-49, NKR-P1, and CD69. The CD94 dimer observed in the crystal has an extensive hydrophobic interface that stabilizes the loop conformation of residues 102-112. The formation of this dimer reveals a putative ligand-binding region for HLA-E and suggests how NKG2 interacts with CD94. (+info)

Melatonin biosynthesis: the structure of serotonin N-acetyltransferase at 2.5 A resolution suggests a catalytic mechanism. (6/22435)

Conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin, the precursor of the circadian neurohormone melatonin, is catalyzed by serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) in a reaction requiring acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA). AANAT is a globular protein consisting of an eight-stranded beta sheet flanked by five alpha helices; a conserved motif in the center of the beta sheet forms the cofactor binding site. Three polypeptide loops converge above the AcCoA binding site, creating a hydrophobic funnel leading toward the cofactor and serotonin binding sites in the protein interior. Two conserved histidines not found in other NATs are located at the bottom of the funnel in the active site, suggesting a catalytic mechanism for acetylation involving imidazole groups acting as general acid/base catalysts. (+info)

Structural basis of multidrug recognition by BmrR, a transcription activator of a multidrug transporter. (7/22435)

Multidrug-efflux transporters demonstrate an unusual ability to recognize multiple structurally dissimilar toxins. A comparable ability to bind diverse hydrophobic cationic drugs is characteristic of the Bacillus subtilis transcription regulator BmrR, which upon drug binding activates expression of the multidrug transporter Bmr. Crystal structures of the multidrug-binding domain of BmrR (2.7 A resolution) and of its complex with the drug tetraphenylphosphonium (2.8 A resolution) revealed a drug-induced unfolding and relocation of an alpha helix, which exposes an internal drug-binding pocket. Tetraphenylphosphonium binding is mediated by stacking and van der Waals contacts with multiple hydrophobic residues of the pocket and by an electrostatic interaction between the positively charged drug and a buried glutamate residue, which is the key to cation selectivity. Similar binding principles may be used by other multidrug-binding proteins. (+info)

Structural basis of Rab effector specificity: crystal structure of the small G protein Rab3A complexed with the effector domain of rabphilin-3A. (8/22435)

The small G protein Rab3A plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The crystal structure of activated Rab3A/GTP/Mg2+ bound to the effector domain of rabphilin-3A was solved to 2.6 A resolution. Rabphilin-3A contacts Rab3A in two distinct areas. The first interface involves the Rab3A switch I and switch II regions, which are sensitive to the nucleotide-binding state of Rab3A. The second interface consists of a deep pocket in Rab3A that interacts with a SGAWFF structural element of rabphilin-3A. Sequence and structure analysis, and biochemical data suggest that this pocket, or Rab complementarity-determining region (RabCDR), establishes a specific interaction between each Rab protein and its effectors. RabCDRs could be major determinants of effector specificity during vesicle trafficking and fusion. (+info)

... allows measuring the size of these oscillations. The technique of single-crystal X-ray crystallography ... The oldest and most precise method of X-ray crystallography is single-crystal X-ray diffraction, in which a beam of X-rays ... Free-electron lasers have been developed for use in X-ray crystallography. These are the brightest X-ray sources currently ... X-ray crystallography is a form of elastic scattering; the outgoing X-rays have the same energy, and thus same wavelength, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

X-Ray Crystallography. University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-77-1. Wells, A.F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry ( ... In chemistry isomorphism has meanings both at the level of crystallography and at a molecular level. In crystallography, ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Crystallography, Mineralogy concepts). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism_(crystallography)

The connection between crystallography and quantum chemistry has always been very tight, after X-ray diffraction techniques ... Coppens, Philip (1997). X-Ray Charge Densities and Chemical Bonding. International Union of Crystallography. ISBN 9780195356946 ... Quantum crystallography is a branch of crystallography that investigates crystalline materials within the framework of quantum ... The Erice School of crystallography (52nd course): first course on Quantum crystallography (June 2018) The XIX Sagamore ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_crystallography

Neutron crystallography is often used to help refine structures obtained by X-ray methods or to solve a specific bond; the ... A number of women were pioneers in X-ray crystallography at a time when they were excluded from most other branches of physical ... Women have written many textbooks and research papers in the field of X-ray crystallography. For many years Lonsdale edited the ... X-ray crystallography is the primary method for determining the molecular conformations of biological macromolecules, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography

Cryo crystallography enables X-ray data collection at cryogenic temperatures, typically 100K. Crystals are transferred from the ... Cryo bio-crystallography is the application of crystallography to biological macromolecules at cryogenic temperatures. ... Significant improvement of resolution in data collection Reduced or eliminated radiation damage in crystals Crystallography of ... Ada Yonath (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Crystallography). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryo_bio-crystallography

In X-ray crystallography, a difference density map shows the spatial distribution of the difference between the measured ... "RCSB PDB: X-ray Electron Density Maps". www.rcsb.org. Retrieved 2021-01-08. (Crystallography). ... calculated using Fourier coefficients which are the differences between the observed structure factor amplitudes from the X-ray ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_density_map

Thermal ellipsoid plots quickly became the de facto standard used in the display of X-ray crystallography data, and are still ... were developed to overlay the molecular electron density determined from X-ray crystallography and the hypothetical molecular ... Crystallography. Assoc. Spring 23, (Abstr.). Stellman, S.D. (September 1975). "Application of three-dimensional interactive ... During the 1970s, methods for displaying 3D graphics using cathode ray tubes were developed using continuous tone computer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_graphics

X-ray crystallography; structure of the DNA molecule; submarine; modern refrigerator; A/C generator; electric motors; ... inventor of X-ray diffraction method for determination of molecular structure Henry C. Goldmark, designed and installed the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University_Tandon_School_of_Engineering

"X-Ray Crystallography - an overview , ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2022-11-08. "X-ray ... The structure of a protein can precisely be determined through a process known as X-ray crystallography. This process involves ... Smyth, M S; Martin, J H J (February 2000). "x Ray crystallography". Molecular Pathology. 53 (1): 8-14. doi:10.1136/mp.53.1.8. ... Alternatively, some protein structures have not been experimentally determined through the use of X-ray crystallography and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Operating_Environment

Barthelmy, Paramontroseite Crystallography. Paramontroseite - Handbook of Mineralogy, Crystal Data. Schorn, Kristallographie. ... Paramontroseite - Handbook of Mineralogy, X-ray Powder Pattern. Paramontroseite - Handbook of Mineralogy, Chemistry. ... 7.12.3 Physical properties of Paramontroseite include The X-ray powder diffraction pattern for a Bitter Creek mine sample is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramontroseite

Audebrand, N (1996). "Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction and crystal structure of CeRb2(NO3)5 · 4H2O". Solid State Ionics ... "Crystal Structure of Diammonium diaquapentanitratocerate(III) dihydrate". crystallography-online.com. ... Journal of Applied Crystallography. 33 (2): 372-379. doi:10.1107/s0021889800000868. ISSN 0021-8898. Staritscky, Eugene; Donald ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium_nitrates

As a comparison, X-ray crystallography has been used to determine the 3D structures of 169,077 biological molecules (as of ... According to Proteopedia, the median resolution achieved by X-ray crystallography (as of May 19, 2019) on the Protein Data Bank ... This has attracted wide attention to the approach as an alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy for ... The resolution of X-ray crystallography is limited by crystal purity, and coaxing biological molecules into a crystalline state ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_electron_microscopy

Application to Protein Crystallography". PhD Thesis. University of Warwick. (X-ray crystallography). ... An early demonstration of isomorphous replacement in crystallography came in 1927 with a paper reporting the x-ray crystal ... is historically the most common approach to solving the phase problem in X-ray crystallography studies of proteins. For protein ... The SSRL Absorption Package - Brennan S, Cowan PL (1992). "A suite of programs for calculating x-ray absorption, reflection and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_isomorphous_replacement

Gair, J. R. (2003). "John H Robertson Obituary". International Union of Crystallography. Robertson, John H (1949). "X-ray ... Following this, he returned to the University of Edinburgh to work on a PhD on the X-ray structure of strychnine hydrobromide. ... In 1949 he completed his thesis, entitled X-ray Analysis of Complex Structures. He went on to do post-doctoral research at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harry_Robertson

A common problem to X-ray crystallography and electron crystallography is radiation damage, by which especially organic ... These are more complex than the most complex zeolite structures determined by X-ray crystallography. R Hovden; Y Jiang; HL Xin ... Because of this problem, X-ray crystallography has been much more successful in determining the structure of proteins that are ... One of the main difficulties in X-ray crystallography is determining phases in the diffraction pattern. Because of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_crystallography

Direct methods (electron microscopy) Phase problem X-ray crystallography "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985". NobelPrize.org. ... In crystallography, direct methods are a family of methods for estimating the phases of the Fourier transform of the scattering ... Usón I, Sheldrick GM (1999). "Advances in direct methods for protein crystallography". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 9 (5): 643-8. ... Hauptman H (1997). "Phasing methods for protein crystallography". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7 (5): 672-80. doi:10.1016/S0959- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_methods_(crystallography)

Howard has created instruments that allow scientists to help advance and prove theories in the field of X-ray crystallography. ... Howard's research is in X-ray crystallography. Her interests include in-situ crystallisation of liquids, ultra-low temperature ... "Crystallography". In Our Time. 29 November 2012. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 18 January 2014. "Professor Judith Ann Kathleen Howard ... In 1991 Howard moved to become Professor of Crystallography at Durham University. She has co-authored over 1,500 scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Howard

Obituary: Professor David Kirk, in The Independent; by Ray Bonnett; published October 19, 1992; retrieved May 29, 2013; "His ... Journal of Applied Crystallography. 11: 62-63. 1978. doi:10.1107/S0021889878012741. Richmond, Caroline (2011). "Barbara Evelyn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Klyne

In X-ray crystallography, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) or wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) is the analysis of Bragg ... would describe the measurements as Bragg/X-ray/powder diffraction or crystallography. Wide-angle X-ray scattering is similar to ... "A new approach to wide-angle dynamical X-ray diffraction by deformed crystals". Journal of Applied Crystallography. ... X-ray diffraction is a non destructive method of characterization of solid materials. When X-rays are directed at solids they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_X-ray_scattering

International Union of Crystallography. Retrieved 2 October 2017. Adams, Frank D. (1918). "Haüy, father of crystallography". ... Shafranovskii, I. I.; Belov, N. V. "E. S. Fedorov 1853-1919". In Ewald, P. P. (ed.). Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction. ... Schuh, Curtis P. (2007). Mineralogy and Crystallography: An Annotated Biobibliography of Books Published 1469 to 1919. Vol 1. ... Schuh, Curtis P. (2007). Mineralogy and Crystallography: An Annotated Biobibliography of Books Published 1469 to 1919. Vol 2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mineralogists

Section D, Biological Crystallography. 55 (Pt 1): 272-5. doi:10.1107/S0907444998007768. PMID 10089422. Azuma Y, Renault L, ... Renault L, Nassar N, Wittinghofer A, Roth M, Vetter IR (January 1999). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCC1

In crystallography, the term was first used by Christopher Chantler and refers to a very thin layer of a perfect crystal, from ... Chantler, C. T. (1992). "X-ray diffraction of bent crystals in Bragg geometry. I. Perfect-crystal modelling". Journal of ... Applied Crystallography. 25 (6): 674-693. doi:10.1107/S0021889892005053. Schoeser, Mary (2007). Silk. New Haven: Yale ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella_(materials)

For example, x-ray scattering experiments directly measure electron-electron equal-time correlations. From knowledge of ... Journal of Applied Crystallography. 47 (4): 1315. arXiv:1402.1432. doi:10.1107/S1600576714012424. S2CID 97097937. Wochner, P.; ... Both the theory of such analysis and the experimental measurement of the needed X-ray cross-correlation functions are areas of ... For example, in order to measure the higher-order analogues of pair distribution functions, coherent x-ray sources are needed. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_function_(statistical_mechanics)

X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Several Stable Phases. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1961, 83, 10, S. 2219-23. v t ... G. J. McCarthy (October 1971). "Crystal data on C-type terbium sesquioxide (Tb 2O 3)". Journal of Applied Crystallography. 4 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium(III)_oxide

... is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the three-dimensional structure of ... Application to Protein Crystallography". PhD Thesis. University of Warwick. (Crystallography). ... CHOOCH - Evans G, Pettifer RF (2001). "CHOOCH: a program for deriving anomalous-scattering factors from X-ray fluorescence ... Method in Macrocolecular Crystallography". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. 2 (Pt 1): 36-48. doi:10.1107/S0909049594006680. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-wavelength_anomalous_dispersion

using X-ray crystallography. The correct CO/Rh ratio is 2.66. Relative to the original preparation, the carbonylation of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium

"X-Ray Crystal Structure of 1,4-Diphenylbutadiyne". Journal of Chemical Crystallography. 24 (10): 715-717. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenylbutadiyne

Hayter, J. B.; Mook, H. A. (1989). "Discrete Thin-Film Multilayer Design for X-ray and Neutron Supermirrors". Journal of ... Applied Crystallography. 22: 35-41. doi:10.1107/S0021889888010003. S2CID 94163755. Bentley, P. M. (2020). "Instrument suite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_supermirror

In addition, classical X-ray crystallography often employs the polyalanine-backbone model to determine three-dimensional ... Section D, Biological Crystallography. 65 (Pt 2): 121-7. doi:10.1107/S0907444908040006. PMC 2631632. PMID 19171966. Nelson DL, ... Karmali AM, Blundell TL, Furnham N (February 2009). "Model-building strategies for low-resolution X-ray crystallographic data ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine

Swanson, H. E.; McMurdie, H. F.; Morris, M. C.; Evans, E. H. (June 1968). Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns (PDF) ( ... Journal of Applied Crystallography. 13 (5): 450-451. doi:10.1107/s0021889880012514. Harrison, William T. A. (17 June 2010). " ... Swanson, H. E.; McMurdie, H. F.; Morris, M. C.; Evans, E. H. (September 1969). Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns (PDF ... Swanson, H. E.; McMurdie, H. F.; Morris, M. C.; Evans, E. H. (September 1970). Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns (PDF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langbeinites

The C-terminal dimer has been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography for several coronaviruses and has a highly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_nucleocapsid_protein

According to X-ray crystallography, the Mg center is 5-coordinate, occupying a C2O3 ligand sphere. The fold angle between the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_anthracene

H2O According to X-ray crystallography, S-nitrosotriphenylmethanethiol features a conventional trityl group appended to a bent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Nitrosotriphenylmethanethiol

X-ray crystallography, Officers of the Order of the British Empire, 2013 deaths, All stub articles, British chemist stubs). ... was a British chemist whose career involved the application of X-ray crystallography to the field of materials science. Jack ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Henderson_Jack

The institute gave Hawthorne the opportunity for both hands-on use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, single-crystal neutron ... Sokolova has had a major influence on his ideas concerning crystal structure and also introduced him to the Crystallography- ... He obtained funding from the Federal Government of Canada to develop a large laboratory: several X-ray diffractometers, ... returning several times a year to the Materials Research Institute at McMaster University to collect single-crystal X-ray data ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Hawthorne

... (Chinese: 施一公; born May 1967) is a Chinese biophysicist specializing in the fields of protein X-ray crystallography ... "THE RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER INTERNATIONAL PRIZE IN BIOPHYSICS". Tel Aviv University. Retrieved March 30, 2010. Dr. Shi Yigong ... 中国科学院院士 2010 Raymond and Beverly Sackler International Prize Irving Sigal Young Investigator Award, from the Protein Society ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Yigong

... structural biology of proteins and X-ray crystallography. He has played an active role in the development of drug design in the ... and X-ray and NMR structure determinations. These design rules are being exploited for making specific peptides to act as tight ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tej_P._Singh

Later, a "structural" unit cell was determined using X-ray crystallography. The morphological unit cell is rhombohedral, having ... McDougall, Raymond (2019-09-03). "Mineral Highlights from the Bancroft Area, Ontario, Canada". Rocks & Minerals. 94 (5): 408- ... Blatt, Harvey; Middleton, Gerard; Murray, Raymond (1980). Origin of sedimentary rocks (2d ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite

A practical guide to combine cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography". Methods. 49 (2): 174-180. doi:10.1016/j.ymeth ... using molecular dynamics in combination with cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography. to study the structures of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Schulten

... won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the atomic structure of biochemical substances through x-ray crystallography. ... The Kinks, created by English brothers Ray Davies and Dave Davies, released their first album. The self-titled album, Kinks, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1964

Among other jobs, she was tasked with helping prepare hemoglobin and myoglobin for x-ray crystallography, a technique used to ... determine the structures of crystallized molecules such as proteins, based on how they interact with x-ray beams to produce a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Southgate

... along with X-ray crystallography. He has been a major contributor to the evaluation of factors influencing the folding and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padmanabhan_Balaram

Professor James specialises in physical metallurgy, micromechanics, and X-ray crystallography of engineering materials, mainly ... This has concentrated recently on computed X-ray tomography and strain mapping by digital image correlation and digital volume ... correlation, together with X-ray and neutron diffraction. He applies these techniques to studies of the degradation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Marrow

She did tremendous work in the field of x-ray crystallography of clay minerals. She was raised by a progressive family in a ... She earned her doctorate in x-ray crystallography of clay minerals. She received her doctorate from the University of Calcutta ... X-ray crystallography, Scientists from Kolkata, 20th-century Indian women scientists, 2015 deaths). ... Purnima Sinha was looking for spare parts to build the X-ray equipment she needed for her doctoral research. We must remember ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purnima_Sinha

The rest are planned for later, with the third beam, an X-ray source used for crystallography, slated for late 2017. Dr. Masoud ... Macromolecular Crystallography), the beamline to be completed in 2019 Soft X-ray Beamline SAXS/WAXS (Small Angle and Wide Angle ... The first beam is an X-ray beam that will be used to study pollution in the Jordan Valley, among other things. While the second ... BASEMA (Beamline for Absorption Spectroscopy for Environmental and Material Applications ), a beamline for X-ray absorption ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron-Light_for_Experimental_Science_and_Applications_in_the_Middle_East

The structure of Zeise's salt was definitively resolved only with the advent of X-ray crystallography and the nature of its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Christopher_Zeise

... and X-ray crystallography". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (4): 1369-78. doi:10.1021/ic061899+. PMID 17256847. Smith GL, Mercier HP, ... Hogness, T.R.; Lunn, E.G. (1925). "The Ionization of Hydrogen by Electron Impact as Interpreted by Positive Ray Analysis". Phys ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas_compound

While one x-ray crystallography investigation concluded equidistant coordination of all four Mo-S ligands in the oxidized form ... X-ray crystallography established that the overall tertiary structure of the enzyme remains constant through the reaction ... Tenderholt AL, Wang JJ, Szilagyi RK, Holm RH, Hodgson KO, Hedman B, Solomon EI (June 2010). "Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption ... which is supported by numerous x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies, a different study characterized asymmetrical Mo-S ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMSO_reductase

Metallographic and X-ray diffraction can be used on kamacite to determine the shock history of a meteorite. Using hardness to ... Even with large crystals being so rare, crystallography is extremely important to understand plays an important role in the ... There is evidence of a tetragonal phase, observed in X-ray powder tests and later under a microscope. When tested two ... Shock causes a unique iron transformation structure that is able to be measured using metallographic and X-ray diffraction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamacite

X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The whole genome sequence allows for the design of every primer ... many of these protein targets into expression vectors for purification and structure determination by X-ray crystallography. ... were then crystallized and structures were determined for successfully crystallized proteins using X-ray crystallography. Among ... "The genesis of high-throughput structure-based drug discovery using protein crystallography". Curr Opin Chem Biol. 6 (5): 704- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_genomics

The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre ... ISBN 1586035371 Warren, B.E. (1969). X-Ray Diffraction. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Guinier, A (1963). X-Ray ... X-Ray Diffraction Procedures, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1974, p 687-703, ISBN 978-0-471-49369-3. B.E. Warren, X-Ray ... B.D. Cullity & S.R. Stock, Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall Inc., 2001, p 96-102, ISBN 0-201-61091-4. R. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherrer_equation

Tian G; Kong Q; Lai L; Ray-Chaudhury A; Lin CLG (May 2010). "Increased expression of cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase results in ... The enzymatic structure of the human cholesterol-24 hydroxylase was determined via crystallography at the Stanford Synchrotron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_24-hydroxylase

This work combined with advances in structural characterization techniques such as NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-targeting_small_molecule_drugs

... bound has been solved by X-ray crystallography. It is a homodimer in which each subunit has a Rossmann fold, and a common top ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase

This proposal has since been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. An ammine ligand bound to a metal ion is markedly more acidic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

Structural studies of E. coli Mfd by X-ray crystallography have revealed that this molecule is autoinhibited for UvrA-binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_Frequency_Decline

... and worked with Joachim Frank on approaches to combine X-ray crystallography with Cryo EM and molecular dynamics. She moved to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Villa

As established by X-ray crystallography, the S anions form a cubic close-packed lattice, and the Fe cations occupy both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_sulfide

Nonetheless, several members have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, which reveals a tetrahedral phosphorus center ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine_telluride

It was first compound containing a peptide bond to be characterized by X-ray crystallography in 1938. It is the parent of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,5-Diketopiperazine

... (1). *The big data ecosystem for science: X-ray crystallography - Jan 19, 2017.. Diffract-and-destroy ...

https://www.kdnuggets.com/tag/x-ray-crystallography

Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction. / Grey, F.; Feidenhansl, R.. In: Europhys. News, 1988.. Research output: ... Grey, F. ; Feidenhansl, R. / Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction. In: Europhys. News. 1988. ... Grey, F., & Feidenhansl, R. (1988). Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction. Europhys. News. ... Grey, F & Feidenhansl, R 1988, Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction, Europhys. News. ...

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/surface-crystallography-by-x-ray-diffraction

X-Ray Crystallography Determining the atomic three dimensional structures of large biological molecules, to link protein ... The X-ray Crystallography Facility provides instrumentation and expertise to help researchers crystallize biological ... Rigaku M007HF X-ray generator equipped with Varimax Cu-VHF optics, a Saturn 944HG+ CCD detector and an AFC-11 4-axis partial χ ... Diffraction analysis can be performed using our in-house Rigaku Micromax 007HF-M X-ray generator equipped with a Rigaku Saturn ...

https://www.dundee.ac.uk/facilities/x-ray-crystallography

Rigor and reproducibility are crucial to your research aims, and they are becoming greater factors in securing critical grant funding opportunities. There are eight steps to Rigorous and Reproducible Experiments in Biomolecular Research at UNC:. 1. If using a core facility, consult with the core staff in the planning stage. Consult with a statistician if you need help developing a Power Analysis to assure that your results will be adequately powered.. 2. Design your experiment with sufficient controls (rigor) and replicates (reproducibility).. 3. Assure that ALL of your reagents (antibodies, cell lines, mice) are fully validated (see below).. 4. Have a clear and detailed protocol (SOP) and data analysis plan that can be easily followed. Assure that the protocol is strictly followed or that any deviation is well documented.. 5. Assure that the staff or students performing the experiment are well trained and understand each step and the importance of performing them precisely (rigor again).. 6. ...

https://www.med.unc.edu/csb/mx/how-we-work/

Director, Biomolecular X-ray Crystallography Facility. Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building , 596 UCB. Office: JSCBB ... All the instruments in the X-ray core are located in the basement of JSCBB in the C-Wing, room C1B51, on East Campus. Card ... Two workstations are set up in the X-ray facility for remote data collection at the ALS. Other connections can be installed as ... After your online and hands-on training is completed, you will be given access to the Google calendar and the X-ray facility. ...

https://www.colorado.edu/facility/biomolecular-x-ray-crystallography/data-collection

Start Over You searched for: Subject Crystallography, X-Ray ✖ Remove constraint Subject: Crystallography, X-Ray Subject RNA ✖ ...

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Graphical User Interface Design for the X-Ray Crystallography Data Processing Program - Scaling ...

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Crystallography, X-Ray ✖ Remove constraint Subject: Crystallography, X-Ray Genre Letters (correspondence) ✖ Remove constraint ...

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preLights is a community initiative supported by The Company of Biologists. The Company of Biologists is a not-for-profit publishing organisation dedicated to supporting and inspiring the biological community. The Company publishes five specialist peer-reviewed journals: Development, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Experimental Biology, Disease Models & Mechanisms and Biology Open. It offers further support to the biological community by facilitating scientific meetings, providing travel grants for researchers and supporting research societies.. In this video our directors tell you more about our activities and why they choose to dedicate their time to the Company.. www.biologists.com. ...

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... *GARIMAMATELA1, ROBINAAMAN2* and NAGMANAZ ...

http://www.e-journals.in/abstract.asp?Totarticle=1592

Growth of Structures from X-ray Crystallography Experiments Released per Year. Experimental methods such as X-ray ... crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and 3D electron microscopy are used to determine the location of each atom relative to each ...

https://bioinformatics.sdsc.edu/stats/growth/growth-xray

... structure of artemisinin. * Mendeley ... X射线晶体衍射是解析出青蒿素三维结构的唯一

https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/128504?show=full

Biological significance and comparison with X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. ... Biological significance and comparison with X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. ...

https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/travelling-wave-ion-mobility-mass-spectrometry-studies-of-protein/fingerprints/

... Dont go slippery on me, tRNA. RNA can both carry genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions, ... Using X-ray crystallography, researchers at Emory made an atomic-scale snapshot of how the enzyme encoded by NpmA interacts ... "Our role* on the project was to solve the three dimensional structure of this enzyme using X-ray crystallography to figure out ... Structural biologists use techniques such as X-ray crystallography to figure out how the parts of biologyâ€™s machines fit ...

http://www.emoryhealthsciblog.com/tag/x-ray-crystallography/

X-ray diffraction data at 1.95 angstrom reso … ... X-ray diffraction data at 1.95 angstrom resolution and Raman ... Raman-assisted crystallography reveals end-on peroxide intermediates in a nonheme iron enzyme Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823): ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17446401/?ordinalpos=6&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

Researchers have developed tiny, glowing crystals that can both detect and trap toxic heavy metals at the same time. Similar research has been done on structures to either detect or remove such nasty substances, but this appears to be the first capable of doing both ...

https://newatlas.com/tag/x-ray-crystallography/

The absolute structures of the two isomers were confirmed by X-ray crystallography to be 32d and 36d (see Scheme 4). ... X-ray crystallography. All data generated or analyzed were provided in "Supplementary information S1". CCDC 2110331, 2110336- ... The X-ray co-crystal structure of Bcl-xL with ABT-737 revealed that ABT-737 binds in the same cleft as the Bax native helix at ... The structures of 18 (scaffold III), 5,9,10-triiodo-m-carborane 22, and compound 25 (scaffold IV) were determined by X-ray ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-03459-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b640e471-e021-4ce3-a69c-0452d1d47876

X-ray diffraction data collection is available at both the Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire and the European Synchrotron ... imaging to Identify the optimal conditions for Lipidic Cubic Phase crystal growth for membrane protein crystallography. ...

https://biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk/facilities/doc/x-ray-crystallography-1/page/2

... by serial synchrotron crystallography, Xylose Isomerase 4.5 s timepoint ... Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION. *Resolution: 1.85 Å. *R-Value Free: 0.209 *R-Value Work: 0.180 ... Liquid application method for time-resolved analyses by serial synchrotron crystallography.. Mehrabi, P., Schulz, E.C., Agthe, ... Liquid Application Method for time-resolved Analyses (LAMA) by serial synchrotron crystallography, Xylose Isomerase 4.5 s ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6QNJ

X-ray Crystallography: Dont let Disorder get you Down DSR can Help! ... X-ray Crystallography: Dont let Disorder get you Down DSR can Help!. ...

https://my.bruker.com/acton/fs/blocks/showLandingPage/a/2655/p/p-0168/t/page/fm/0

X-Ray Crystallography. Instrumentation. *Automated liquid handling system (Tecan).. *Crystallization (Mosquito) robots for high ... Electron Microscopy and Crystallography. Welcome. The Electron Microscopy and Crystallography Platform is an open access ... Personal training for data collection using the X-Ray home system.. *Support and training in quick cryosoaking technique for in ... Macromolecular Crystallography. Service Catalogue. *High-throughput screening of crystallization solutions (1800 commercial ...

https://www.cicbiogune.es/research/platforms/electron-microscopy-and-crystallography

The ultrafast resolution may be provided either by fast detectors or short x-ray pulses, and the limitations of both techniques ... This article gives an overview of recent x-ray diffraction experiments with time resolutions down to 10^-13s. The scientific ... subpicosecond conformation changes was recently achieved with simple solids using an ultrafast laser-produced plasma x-ray ... Femtosecond x-ray crystallography Antoine Rousse 1 Christian Rischel 2, 3 Jean-Claude Gauthier 4 Details. ...

https://hal-polytechnique.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00523536

Division present new computational methods that will enable metalloprotein studies at X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) light ...

https://biosciences.lbl.gov/tag/x-ray-crystallography/

Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography. Preclinical Drug Development Unit is a professional partner responsible for ... X-ray diffraction data collection at sychrotron beamlines.. *Solution and refinement of protein and protein-ligand structures ...

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We worked in the download Principles of Protein X ray Crystallography 1994 criticism and Only at though, a journal later, the ... Download Principles Of Protein X Ray Crystallography 1994. Willkommen auf der Homepage. von Amelie & Thorsten Hornung. fr den ... Kathryn StewartAn linguistic download Principles of Protein X ray St. James Encyclopedia of of Sam Shepards while was for six ...

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X-ray crystallography is the study of the structures of crystallized materials. X-ray diffraction analysis is the most ... X-Ray Crystallography in General Education of University Hao SU,Pengfei WANG,Hui LI*(. ) ... In this paper, the brief history of X-ray crystallography is introduced and its contribution to human civilization is included ... Key words: General education, X-ray crystallography, Crystal structure, Video open course ...

http://www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn/EN/10.3866/PKU.DXHX201806020

Crystallography, X-Ray * Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / chemistry * Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / genetics * Fructose- ... We have also determined the X-ray crystal structures of Sbi00515 in complexes with formate and pyruvate. The structures show ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26039798/

An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction and Symmetry. textbook De Graef, Marc McHenry, Michael E. Published: November ... Principles of Coherent X-Ray Generation. Kim, Kwang-Je Huang, Zhirong Lindberg, Ryan Published: March 2017 ... Receive email alerts on new books, offers and news in Denver X-Ray Conference. ...

https://www.cambridge.org/hk/academic/conferences/denver-x-ray-conference1

Experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and 3D electron microscopy are used to determine the location of each atom relative to each other in the molecule. (sdsc.edu)
Biophysical methods such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, analytical ultra-centrifugation (AUC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are being used to study the molecular and structural basis of macromolecular functions. (iitkgp.ac.in)
Dr. Chapman points out that "no other representative enzyme" has proven amenable to the combination of high resolution crystallography and NMR spectroscopy needed to extend our understanding beyond static structure to the functionally important dynamics. (ohsu.edu)

The Electron Microscopy and Crystallography Platform is an open access facility at the CIC bio GUNE. (cicbiogune.es)
Different methods can be used to analyze the effects of cariogenic challenge on dentin-resin interfaces, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized light microscopy, microhardness analysis, microradiography, confocal laser scanning microscopy and X-ray analytical microscopy 2-5 . (bvsalud.org)

We introduce a liquid application method for time-resolved analyses (LAMA), an in situ mixing approach for serial crystallography. (rcsb.org)
Currently, ID29 is being converted to a highly intense beamline dedicated to time-resolved, synchrotron serial crystallography (SSX) experiments. (esrf.fr)

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) imaging to Identify the optimal conditions for Lipidic Cubic Phase crystal growth for membrane protein crystallography. (leeds.ac.uk)
Irimpan Mathews, a protein crystallography expert at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, joined the research effort to help the team better understand the binding mechanism between the Axl decoy and Gas6. (futurism.com)
Protein crystallography captures the interaction of two proteins in a solid form, allowing researchers to take X-ray-like images of how the atoms in each protein bind together. (futurism.com)

X-ray diffraction data collection is available at both the Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, France. (leeds.ac.uk)
X-ray diffraction data collection at sychrotron beamlines. (gov.pl)

A) X-ray crystallization causes a reduction in the interatomic distances of wavelengths. (pteking.com)

The X-ray Crystallography Facility provides instrumentation and expertise to help researchers crystallize biological macromolecules and determine their three-dimensional structures by X-ray crystallography. (dundee.ac.uk)
The X-ray crystal structures indicate that tRNA methylation - a relatively small bump - at position 37 influences interactions between the tRNA and the ribosome. (emoryhealthsciblog.com)
X-ray crystallography is the study of the structures of crystallized materials. (pku.edu.cn)
We have also determined the X-ray crystal structures of Sbi00515 in complexes with formate and pyruvate. (nih.gov)
The three-dimensional structures of the magnesium- and manganese-bound forms of calbindin D(9k) were determined to 1.6 Å and 1.9 Å resolution, respectively, using X-ray crystallography. (ruc.dk)
We demonstrate that it is feasible to determine high-resolution protein structures by electron crystallography of three-dimensional crystals in an electron cryo-microscope (CryoEM). (elifesciences.org)
To eliminate the alternate possibility that Asp55 is a structurally important amino acid, the X-ray structures of unbound D55N and complexes of D55N with two non-hydrolyzable substrate analogues have been solved and refined to 2.0, 2.0, and 2.3Å, respectively. (montclair.edu)
A year later, Lawrence Bragg successfully analyzed the crystalline structures of potassium chloride and sodium chloride using X-ray crystallography, and developed a rudimentary treatment for X-ray/crystal interaction (Bragg's Law). (pteking.com)
Modern X-ray crystallography provides the mast powerful and accurate method far determining single-crystal structures. (pteking.com)

X-ray crystallography has been used to work out the atomic structure of a large number of proteins. (elifesciences.org)

A XtaLAB MM003 equipt with a MicroMax-003 Microfocus sealed tube X-ray generator system, a AFC11 Partial-χ, 4-axis goniometer, a Dectris PILATUS 200K 2D hybrid pixel array area detector and an Oxford cryostream 700. (colorado.edu)

Ideal candidates will have a Ph.D. with experience in (a) structural biology (x-ray crystallography) and/or (b) protein biochemistry. (professorpositions.com)
This research employs X-ray crystallography and structural electron cryo-microscopy that will be enriched in the near future by in situ structural biology technologies. (paris-saclay.fr)

Evaluation of inhibitory activity, purification and X-ray crystallography of Alpha-Amylase inhibitor from Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars of Uttarakhand, India. (bvsalud.org)

The crystals used for X-ray crystallography must be large to withstand the damage caused by repeated exposure to the X-ray beam. (elifesciences.org)
It is possible to overcome this problem by using extremely short pulses of X-rays, but this requires a very large number of small crystals and ultrashort X-ray pulses are only available at a handful of research centers around the world. (elifesciences.org)
report a new approach to electron crystallography that works with very small three-dimensional crystals. (elifesciences.org)
The CRYSTALS software package for single crystal X-ray structure refinement and analysis consists of CRYSTALS, Cameron and specially recompiled versions of SIR92 and SHELXS. (file-extensions.org)
If you need more information please contact the developers of CRYSTALS (Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Oxford), or check out their product website. (file-extensions.org)

A team of scientists, led by researchers from the Max Born Institute in Berlin and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in Germany and from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States has developed a revolutionary new method for capturing high-resolution images of fluctuations in materials at the nanoscale using powerful X-ray sources. (helmholtz-berlin.de)

In a paper published in Acta Crystallographica Section D, scientists in the Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging (MBIB) Division present new computational methods that will enable metalloprotein studies at X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) light sources. (lbl.gov)
As the authors point out, this was done not to showcase computational methods but because crystallography didn't initially work. (blogspot.com)

Two workstations are set up in the X-ray facility for remote data collection at the ALS. (colorado.edu)
Users should contact Dr.Erbse if they are interested in using the X-ray facility and to schedule hands on training. (colorado.edu)
All users must complete the online "Radiation Safety Training for X-Ray Machine Users" before they can enter the X-ray facility to receive training from Dr.Erbse. (colorado.edu)
After your online and hands-on training is completed, you will be given access to the Google calendar and the X-ray facility. (colorado.edu)
Don't allow unauthorized persons in the X-ray facility! (colorado.edu)

This article gives an overview of recent x-ray diffraction experiments with time resolutions down to 10^-13s. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
The ultrafast resolution may be provided either by fast detectors or short x-ray pulses, and the limitations of both techniques are discussed on the basis of state of the art experiments. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

This phenomenon, known as X-ray diffraction, occurs when the wavelength of X-rays and the interatomic distances in the lattice have the same order of magnitude. (pteking.com)

When an X-ray beam bombards a crystalline lattice in a given orientation, the beam is scattered in a definite manner characterized by the atomic structure of the lattice. (pteking.com)

The X-ray structure of the second ever adduct based on an aromatic bromofluoroalkane and DABCO, is reported from the vapour phase diffusion of DABCO and 1bromoperfluorobenzene. (manchester.ac.uk)
By reducing the electron dose by a factor of 200, it was possible to collect up to 90 diffraction patterns from the same, very small, three-dimensional crystal, and then-similar to what happens in X-ray crystallography-work backwards to figure out the structure of the protein. (elifesciences.org)
demonstrated the feasibility of the MicroED approach by using it to determine the structure of lysozyme, which is widely used as a test protein in crystallography, with a resolution of 2.9 Å. (elifesciences.org)
Through X-ray crystallography the chemical structure of thousands of organic, inorganic, organometallic, and biological compounds are determined every year. (pteking.com)
In 1952, a young female scientist Rosalind Franklin at Kings' College London took the first known picture of DNA in its helical structure using x-ray crystallography. (soci.org)
The structure and absolute configuration has been confirmed with single crystal X-ray crystallography. (who.int)
The structure of the IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeat domain, bound to a partially truncated NF-kappaB heterodimer (p50/ p65), has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.7 A resolution. (embl.de)
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (bvsalud.org)
It was cloned from horseshoe crab, expressed and its structure was solved by x-ray crystallography. (ohsu.edu)

X-Ray Crystallography in General Education of University[J].University Chemistry, 2019, 34(2): 30-36. (pku.edu.cn)
The questions collected here originate from the examination papers and take-home assignments arising from the teaching of courses in Chemical Bonding, Elementary Quantum Chemistry, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, and X-Ray Crystallography by the book's two senior authors over the past five decades. (psychologycolleges.net)

Using electric field induced ferromagnetic resonance excitation and recording the x-ray intensity of a so called Bragg peak, the research group demonstrated experimentally for the first time that all three characteristic oscillation modes occur in Cu 2 OSeO 3 - the team observed magnetic skyrmions turning clockwise, counterclockwise, and expanding and contracting ("breathing" mode). (helmholtz-berlin.de)

The first experiment showing subpicosecond conformation changes was recently achieved with simple solids using an ultrafast laser-produced plasma x-ray source. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
In a typical X-ray crystallography experiment, a beam of X-rays is directed at a protein crystal, which scatters some of the X-ray photons to produce a diffraction pattern. (elifesciences.org)

Everyone is required to pass the University "Online Radiation Safety Training for X-Ray machines users" before using data collection systems. (colorado.edu)
The importance of X-ray crystallography in university education, particularly in general education, is discussed. (pku.edu.cn)

Using high-resolution X-ray crystallography, we show that the SH3 domain in the Shank family has lost its canonical ligand-binding site. (uib.no)

X-ray diffraction data at 1.95 angstrom resolution and Raman spectra recorded in crystallo revealed iron-(hydro)peroxo intermediates with the (hydro)peroxo group bound end-on. (nih.gov)

The big data ecosystem for science: X-ray crystallography - Jan 19, 2017. (kdnuggets.com)

In this paper, the brief history of X-ray crystallography is introduced and its contribution to human civilization is included. (pku.edu.cn)

Diffraction analysis can be performed using our in-house Rigaku Micromax 007HF-M X-ray generator equipped with a Rigaku Saturn 944+ CCD detector. (dundee.ac.uk)
Rigaku M007HF X-ray generator equipped with Varimax Cu-VHF optics, a Saturn 944HG+ CCD detector and an AFC-11 4-axis partial χ goniometer. (dundee.ac.uk)
A Rigaku MM007 rotating anode x-ray generator with Varimax optics, a Raxis IV++ image plate detector, and an Oxford cryosystem 800. (colorado.edu)
X-ray Generator (X8-Proteum) with two detectors. (cicbiogune.es)

Returning to arginine kinase, the group reported, in the January issue of the Journal of Molecular Biology , a combination of x-ray crystallography and NMR Residual Dipolar Coupling measurements demonstrating that even without substrates, in solution, the enzyme exists as a dynamic equilibrium of the open and closed (substrate-bound) forms seen crystallographically. (ohsu.edu)

We then pierce the molecular secret of their reaction by looking at them with X-ray crystallography, which means that we have to crystallize the enzymes, and use X-ray to get their pictures. (mpi-bremen.de)

Journal of Applied Crystallography. (helsinki.fi)

Research into the pathogenesis of based in part on x-ray crystallography. (cdc.gov)
As the only soft X-ray source in Germany, BESSY II is indispensable for the national and international research community. (helmholtz-berlin.de)

Receive email alerts on new books, offers and news in Denver X-Ray Conference. (cambridge.org)

X-ray diffraction analysis is the most important technology to measure and provide the more detailed structural information. (pku.edu.cn)

Personal training for data collection using the X-Ray home system. (cicbiogune.es)

Graphical User Interface Design for the X-Ray Crystallography Data Pro" by K. C. Van Zandt, Dan C. Marinescu et al. (purdue.edu)

Kathryn StewartAn linguistic download Principles of Protein X ray St. James Encyclopedia of of Sam Shepard's while was for six applications, measuring information and other application into the cyber-weapon. (thorsten-hornung.de)

Users must inform Dr. Erbse of plans to run the X-ray source at least 2 days in advance. (colorado.edu)

Anatomy14

Organisms14

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment58

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science15

Named Groups1

Health Care19

Geographicals2

Crystal structure of MHC class II-associated p41 Ii fragment bound to cathepsin L reveals the structural basis for differentiation between cathepsins L and S. (1/22435)

Structural basis of profactor D activation: from a highly flexible zymogen to a novel self-inhibited serine protease, complement factor D. (2/22435)

Crystal structure of an MHC class I presented glycopeptide that generates carbohydrate-specific CTL. (3/22435)

Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (4/22435)

Structure of CD94 reveals a novel C-type lectin fold: implications for the NK cell-associated CD94/NKG2 receptors. (5/22435)

Melatonin biosynthesis: the structure of serotonin N-acetyltransferase at 2.5 A resolution suggests a catalytic mechanism. (6/22435)

Structural basis of multidrug recognition by BmrR, a transcription activator of a multidrug transporter. (7/22435)

Structural basis of Rab effector specificity: crystal structure of the small G protein Rab3A complexed with the effector domain of rabphilin-3A. (8/22435)

Crystallography, X-Ray

Crystallography

Models, Molecular

Protein Conformation

X-Ray Diffraction

Gamma Rays

Crystallization

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Radiography

Synchrotrons

Binding Sites

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Molecular Conformation

Molecular Structure

Electrons

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Protein Structure, Secondary

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular

Hydrogen Bonding

Electron Probe Microanalysis

Protein Binding

Neutron Diffraction

Elasmobranchii

Pneumoconiosis

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Skates (Fish)

Catalytic Domain

X-Rays

Protein Structure, Quaternary

Photoreceptors, Microbial

Ligands

Scattering, Small Angle

Proteins

Structure-Activity Relationship

Fast Neutrons

Catalysis

Negative Staining

Radiology Department, Hospital

Neutrons

Dimerization

Kinetics

Mutation

Models, Chemical

Wrist Joint

Bacterial Proteins

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Muramidase

Radiation Effects

Water

Stereoisomerism

Ultraviolet Rays

Protein Multimerization

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Protein Folding

Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Static Electricity

Microspectrophotometry

Aluminum Silicates

Animal Fins

Drug Design

Metacarpus

Thermodynamics

Escherichia coli

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Radiation Dosage

Teleradiology

Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission

Solutions

Macromolecular Substances

X Chromosome

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation

Cathode Ray Tube

Recombinant Proteins

Automation, Laboratory

Structural Homology, Protein

Automatic Data Processing

Substrate Specificity

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Myoglobin