Crystallography, X-Ray
Crystallography
Models, Molecular
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Crystallization
Cryoelectron Microscopy
Synchrotrons
X-Ray Diffraction
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Binding Sites
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Molecular Structure
Electrons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.
Protein Structure, Secondary
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
Amino Acid Sequence
Hydrogen Bonding
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Protein Binding
Neutron Diffraction
Catalytic Domain
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Protein Structure, Quaternary
Photoreceptors, Microbial
Scattering, Small Angle
Scattering of a beam of electromagnetic or acoustic RADIATION, or particles, at small angles by particles or cavities whose dimensions are many times as large as the wavelength of the radiation or the de Broglie wavelength of the scattered particles. Also know as low angle scattering. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Small angle scattering (SAS) techniques, small angle neutron (SANS), X-ray (SAXS), and light (SALS, or just LS) scattering, are used to characterize objects on a nanoscale.
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Structure-Activity Relationship
Catalysis
Negative Staining
The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.
X-Rays
Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.
Dimerization
Models, Chemical
Muramidase
A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Protein Multimerization
Stereoisomerism
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Microspectrophotometry
Analytical technique for studying substances present at enzyme concentrations in single cells, in situ, by measuring light absorption. Light from a tungsten strip lamp or xenon arc dispersed by a grating monochromator illuminates the optical system of a microscope. The absorbance of light is measured (in nanometers) by comparing the difference between the image of the sample and a reference image.
Drug Design
The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.
Water
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Solutions
Neutrons
Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay.
Macromolecular Substances
Automation, Laboratory
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Structural Homology, Protein
Myoglobin
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Substrate Specificity
Carbonic Anhydrase II
Amino Acid Substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.
Computer Simulation
Calorimetry
The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Mutation
Protein Engineering
Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Fourier Analysis
Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Whales
Large marine mammals of the order CETACEA. In the past, they were commercially valued for whale oil, for their flesh as human food and in ANIMAL FEED and FERTILIZERS, and for baleen. Today, there is a moratorium on most commercial whaling, as all species are either listed as endangered or threatened.
Software
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Calixarenes
Molecular Docking Simulation
Spectrum Analysis
Urate Oxidase
Quantum Theory
Protons
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Mass Spectrometry
Solvents
Coordination Complexes
Neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. The number of ligand atoms to which the metal center is directly bonded is the metal cation's coordination number, and this number is always greater than the regular valence or oxidation number of the metal. A coordination complex can be negative, neutral, or positively charged.
Thermotoga maritima
A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Circular Dichroism
Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases
Thermus thermophilus
Biocatalysis
Spectrum Analysis, Raman
Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
Heme
Multiprotein Complexes
Temperature
Organometallic Compounds
Surface Plasmon Resonance
A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.
Enzyme Stability
Membrane Proteins
Base Sequence
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Deuterium Exchange Measurement
Metals
Potassium Acetate
Algorithms
Ribonuclease, Pancreatic
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Protein Subunits
Camphor 5-Monooxygenase
A soluble cytochrome P-450 enzyme that catalyzes camphor monooxygenation in the presence of putidaredoxin, putidaredoxin reductase, and molecular oxygen. This enzyme, encoded by the CAMC gene also known as CYP101, has been crystallized from bacteria and the structure is well defined. Under anaerobic conditions, this enzyme reduces the polyhalogenated compounds bound at the camphor-binding site.
Bromine
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Enzyme Inhibitors
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Zinc
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Hydrogen
The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.
Small Molecule Libraries
Egg White
Protein Stability
Thermolysin
Base Pairing
Oxygen
Computer-Aided Design
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Nucleic Acids
Copper
Sodium Acetate
Spectrophotometry, Infrared
Amino Acid Motifs
Bacteriorhodopsins
Models, Structural
Detergents
Conserved Sequence
Metmyoglobin
Biochemistry
Allosteric Regulation
Xenon
RNA, Catalytic
RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.
Mutagenesis
Ions
Metalloproteins
Databases, Protein
Acetylcholinesterase
Ruthenium
Amides
Cobalt
DNA, Z-Form
Isomerism
Protein Footprinting
A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cutting reaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis.
Carboxylic Acids
Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins
Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.
Organophosphorus Compounds
Cattle
Manganese
A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Deuterium
Protein Denaturation
Halogens
Tryptophan
An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.
Cyanobacteria
A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.
Peptide Fragments
Iron
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Pliability
Disulfides
Cytidine Monophosphate
Aspergillus flavus
Computational Biology
A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
Riboswitch
Part of a MESSENGER RNA molecule that undergoes a conformation change upon binding a specific metabolite or other small molecule thereby regulating the messenger RNA's transcription, post-transcriptional processing, transport, translation, or stability in response to varying levels of the metabolite or other small molecule.
Carboxypeptidases A
Carboxypeptidases that are primarily found the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM that catalyze the release of C-terminal amino acids. Carboxypeptidases A have little or no activity for hydrolysis of C-terminal ASPARTIC ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID; ARGININE; LYSINE; or PROLINE. This enzyme requires ZINC as a cofactor and was formerly listed as EC 3.4.2.1 and EC 3.4.12.2.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
EF Hand Motifs
Salts
Dialysis
Chromatiaceae
Computer Graphics
Allosteric Site
Intercalating Agents
Chemistry, Physical
Point Mutation
Lipid Bilayers
Three-dimensional structure of a recombinant gap junction membrane channel. (1/1562)
Gap junction membrane channels mediate electrical and metabolic coupling between adjacent cells. The structure of a recombinant cardiac gap junction channel was determined by electron crystallography at resolutions of 7.5 angstroms in the membrane plane and 21 angstroms in the vertical direction. The dodecameric channel was formed by the end-to-end docking of two hexamers, each of which displayed 24 rods of density in the membrane interior, which is consistent with an alpha-helical conformation for the four transmembrane domains of each connexin subunit. The transmembrane alpha-helical rods contrasted with the double-layered appearance of the extracellular domains. Although not indicative for a particular type of secondary structure, the protein density that formed the extracellular vestibule provided a tight seal to exclude the exchange of substances with the extracellular milieu. (+info)Structure of DNA-dependent protein kinase: implications for its regulation by DNA. (2/1562)
DNA double-strand breaks are created by ionizing radiation or during V(D)J recombination, the process that generates immunological diversity. Breaks are repaired by an end-joining reaction that requires DNA-PKCS, the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase. DNA-PKCS is a 460 kDa serine-threonine kinase that is activated by direct interaction with DNA. Here we report its structure at 22 A resolution, as determined by electron crystallography. The structure contains an open channel, similar to those seen in other double-stranded DNA-binding proteins, and an enclosed cavity with three openings large enough to accommodate single-stranded DNA, with one opening adjacent to the open channel. Based on these structural features, we performed biochemical experiments to examine the interactions of DNA-PKCS with different DNA molecules. Efficient kinase activation required DNA longer than 12 bp, the minimal length of the open channel. Competition experiments demonstrated that DNA-PKCS binds to double- and single-stranded DNA via separate but interacting sites. Addition of unpaired single strands to a double-stranded DNA fragment stimulated kinase activation. These results suggest that activation of the kinase involves interactions with both double- and single-stranded DNA, as suggested by the structure. A model for how the kinase is regulated by DNA is described. (+info)Solution structure of a lipid transfer protein extracted from rice seeds. Comparison with homologous proteins. (3/1562)
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the three dimensional structure of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein (ns-LTP), a 91 amino acid residue protein belonging to the broad family of plant ns-LTP. Sequence specific assignment was obtained for all but three HN backbone 1H resonances and for more than 95% of the 1H side-chain resonances using a combination of 1H 2D NOESY; TOCSY and COSY experiments at 293 K. The structure was calculated on the basis of four disulfide bridge restraints, 1259 distance constraints derived from 1H-1H Overhauser effects, 72 phi angle restraints and 32 hydrogen-bond restraints. The final solution structure involves four helices (H1: Cys3-Arg18, H2: Ala25-Ala37, H3: Thr41-Ala54 and H4: Ala66-Cys73) followed by a long C-terminal tail (T) with no observable regular structure. N-capping residues (Thr2, Ser24, Thr40), whose side-chain oxygen atoms are involved in hydrogen bonds with i + 3 amide proton additionally stabilize the N termini of the first three helices. The fourth helix involving Pro residues display a mixture of alpha and 3(10) conformation. The rms deviation of 14 final structures with respect to the average structure is 1.14 +/- 0.16 A for all heavy atoms (C, N, O and S) and 0.72 +/- 0.01 A for the backbone atoms. The global fold of rice ns-LTP is close to the previously published structures of wheat, barley and maize ns-LTPs exhibiting nearly identical pattern of the numerous sequence specific interactions. As reported previously for different four-helix topology proteins, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic mechanisms of fold stabilization were found for the rice ns-LTP. The sequential alignment of 36 ns-LTP primary structures strongly suggests that there is a uniform pattern of specific long-range interactions (in terms of sequence), which stabilize the fold of all plant ns-LTPs. (+info)Biochemical evolution III: polymerization on organophilic silica-rich surfaces, crystal-chemical modeling, formation of first cells, and geological clues. (4/1562)
Catalysis at organophilic silica-rich surfaces of zeolites and feldspars might generate replicating biopolymers from simple chemicals supplied by meteorites, volcanic gases, and other geological sources. Crystal-chemical modeling yielded packings for amino acids neatly encapsulated in 10-ring channels of the molecular sieve silicalite-ZSM-5-(mutinaite). Calculation of binding and activation energies for catalytic assembly into polymers is progressing for a chemical composition with one catalytic Al-OH site per 25 neutral Si tetrahedral sites. Internal channel intersections and external terminations provide special stereochemical features suitable for complex organic species. Polymer migration along nano/micrometer channels of ancient weathered feldspars, plus exploitation of phosphorus and various transition metals in entrapped apatite and other microminerals, might have generated complexes of replicating catalytic biomolecules, leading to primitive cellular organisms. The first cell wall might have been an internal mineral surface, from which the cell developed a protective biological cap emerging into a nutrient-rich "soup." Ultimately, the biological cap might have expanded into a complete cell wall, allowing mobility and colonization of energy-rich challenging environments. Electron microscopy of honeycomb channels inside weathered feldspars of the Shap granite (northwest England) has revealed modern bacteria, perhaps indicative of Archean ones. All known early rocks were metamorphosed too highly during geologic time to permit simple survival of large-pore zeolites, honeycombed feldspar, and encapsulated species. Possible microscopic clues to the proposed mineral adsorbents/catalysts are discussed for planning of systematic study of black cherts from weakly metamorphosed Archaean sediments. (+info)Structural interpretation of site-directed mutagenesis and specificity of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2 using comparative modelling. (5/1562)
The catalytic subunit of protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2alpha), which has specificity for both ATP and GTP, shows significant amino acid sequence similarity to the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). We constructed site-directed mutants of CK2alpha and used a three-dimensional model to investigate the basis for the dual specificity. Introduction of Phe and Gly at positions 50 and 51, in order to restore the pattern of the glycine-rich motif, did not seriously affect the specificity for ATP or GTP. We show that the dual specificity probably originates from the loop situated around the position His115 to Asp120 (HVNNTD). The insertion of a residue in this loop in CK2 alpha subunits, compared with CDK2 and other kinases, might orient the backbone to interact with the base A and G; this insertion is conserved in all known CK2alpha. The mutant deltaN118, the design of which was based on the modelling, showed reduced affinity for GTP as predicted from the model. Other mutants were intended to probe the integrity of the catalytic loop, alter the polarity of a buried residue and explore the importance of the carboxy terminus. Introduction of Arg to replace Asn189, which is mapped on the activation loop, results in a mutant with decreased k(cat), possibly as a result of disruption of the interaction between this residue and basic residues in the vicinity. Truncation at position 331 eliminates the last 60 residues of the alpha subunit and this mutant has a reduced catalytic efficiency compared with the wild-type. Catalytic efficiency is restored in the truncation mutant by the replacement of a potentially buried Glu at position 252 by Lys, probably owing to a higher stability resulting from the formation of a salt bridge between Lys252 and Asp208. (+info)Molecular dynamics simulation of alpha-lactalbumin and calcium binding c-type lysozyme. (6/1562)
Alpha-lactalbumins (LAs) and c-type lysozymes (LYZs) are two classes of proteins which have a 35-40% sequence homology and share a common three dimensional fold but perform different functions. Lysozymes bind and cleave the glycosidic bond linkage in sugars, where as, alpha-lactalbumin does not bind sugar but participates in the synthesis of lactose. Alpha-lactalbumin is a metallo-protein and binds calcium, where as, only a few of the LYZs bind calcium. These proteins consist of two domains, an alpha-helical and a beta-strand domain, separated by a cleft. Calcium is bound at a loop situated at the bottom of the cleft and is important for the structural integrity of the protein. Calcium is an ubiquitous intracellular signal in higher eukaryotes and structural changes induced on calcium binding have been observed in a number of proteins. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations of equine LYZ and human LA, with and without calcium, were carried out. We detail the differences in the dynamics of equine LYZ and human LA, and discuss it in the light of experimental data already available and relate it to the behavior of the functionally important regions of both the proteins. These simulations bring out the role of calcium in the conformation and dynamics of these metallo-proteins. In the calcium bound LA, the region of the protein around the calcium binding site is not only frozen but the atomic fluctuations are found to increase away from the binding site and peak at the exposed sites of the protein. This channeling of fluctuations away from the metal binding site could serve as a general mechanism by which the effect of metal binding at a site is transduced to other parts of the protein and could play a key role in protein-ligand and/or protein-protein interaction. (+info)Homogenization and crystallization of histidine ammonia-lyase by exchange of a surface cysteine residue. (7/1562)
Histidase (histidine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.3) from Pseudomonas putida was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. In the absence of thiols the tetrameric enzyme gave rise to undefined aggregates and suitable crystals could not be obtained. The solvent accessibility along the chain was predicted from the amino acid sequence. Among the seven cysteines, only one was labeled as 'solvent-exposed'. The exchange of this cysteine to alanine abolished all undefined aggregations and yielded readily crystals diffracting to 1.8 A resolution. (+info)Iron in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. An in vitro study using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and cryo-electron microscopy. (8/1562)
Iron is found in high concentration in some areas of the brain, and increased iron in the substantia nigra is a feature of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical environment of brain iron in post-mortem tissue to provide information on the possible role of iron in neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Iron has also been implicated as the cause of signal loss in areas of high brain iron on T2-weighted MRI sequences. Knowledge of the physical environment of the brain iron is essential in interpreting the cause of signal change. Post-mortem tissue was obtained from six cases of Parkinson's disease and from six age-matched controls. Iron levels were measured using absorption spectrophotometry. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure was used to evaluate the atomic environment of iron within the substantia nigra and both segments of the globus pallidus. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy was used to probe the iron storage proteins in these areas. Iron levels were increased in the parkinsonian nigra and lateral portion of the globus pallidus. Spectra from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments showed that ferritin was the only storage protein detectable in both control and parkinsonian tissue in all areas studied. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy studies showed that ferritin was more heavily loaded with iron in Parkinson's disease when compared with age-matched controls. In summary we have shown that iron levels are increased in two areas of the brain in Parkinson's disease including the substantia nigra, the site of maximal neurodegeneration. This produces increased loading of ferritin, which is the normal brain iron storage protein. It is possible that increased loading of ferritin may increase the risk of free radical-induced damage. Differences in ferritin loading may explain regional differences in iron's effect on the T2 signal. (+info)
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ccp4bb] Protein Crystallography web course at Birkbeck College
Advancing methods for biomolecular crystallography (電子書, 2013) [WorldCat.org]
Genre: Drafts (documents) / Language: English / Subject: Crystallography, X-Ray - Francis Crick - Profiles in Science Search...
2014-National Seminar on Crystallography - IISER Mohali
Femtosecond electron diffraction: Preparation and characterization of (110)-oriented bismuth films
Crystallography system | Bruker AXS Inc. | BreakthroughProducts | Nov 2007 | BioPhotonics
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Author Guideliness
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section B Volume 48, Part 4, August 1992
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section B Volume 27, Part 8, August 1971
Ultracold Electron Source for Single-Shot, Ultrafast Electron Diffraction | Microscopy and Microanalysis | Cambridge Core
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Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Reveals Laser Melting | Presstime Bulletin | Dec 2003 | Photonics Spectra
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Format: Text / Genre: Letters (correspondence) / Subject: Crystallography, X-Ray - Francis Crick - Profiles in Science Search...
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Paulings Rules: Protein Crystals Now Plug N Play | Science 2.0
The repeating group of a crystal is called the
A.
nucleus.
B.
unit cell.
C.
net.
D.
...
Technology - PRO Biostructures
Crystallization of Solid Materials | Ansforce
Overview | The Fass Lab
As a solid, Cr adopts a body-centered cubic unit ... - OpenStudy
Best Answers - Model Activity Task
Materials science
Crystallography is the science that examines the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids. Crystallography is a useful tool ... Giacovazzo, C; Monaco HL; Viterbo D; Scordari F; Gilli G; Zanotti G; Catti M (1992). Fundamentals of Crystallography. Oxford: ... Oxford: Oxford University Press & International Union of Crystallography. ISBN 978-0-19-855577-3. .. ...
Nicolas Steno
Crystallography[edit]. Further information on crystallographic indices: Crystal system. Steno gave the first accurate ... Molčanov, K.; Stilinović, V. (2014). "Chemical Crystallography before X-ray Diffraction". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53 (3): 638-652 ... or Steno's law of constant angles or the first law of crystallography,[35] states that the angles between corresponding faces ... "De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento".[34] The principle in crystallography, known simply as Steno's law, ...
Confocal microscopy
Optics and crystallography[edit]. CLSM is used as the data retrieval mechanism in some 3D optical data storage systems and has ...
Universal Decimal Classification
Crystallography. Mineralogy 55 Earth sciences. Geological sciences 56 Paleontology 57 Biological sciences in general 58 Botany ... Crystallography. Mineralogy 542 Practical laboratory chemistry. Preparative and experimental chemistry 543 Analytical chemistry ...
Christian Bök
On May 31, 2011, The BBC World Service broadcast Bök reading "The Xenotext." Crystallography. Coach House (1994) ISBN 978-1- ... In 1994, Bök published Crystallography, "a pataphysical encyclopaedia that misreads the language of poetics through the ... Crystallography was reissued in 2003, and was nominated for a Gerald Lampert Award. Bök is a sound poet and has performed an ...
Crystal twinning
Twinning can often be a problem in X-ray crystallography, as a twinned crystal does not produce a simple diffraction pattern. ... Macle Tin cry Icosahedral twins Spencer, Leonard James (1911). "Crystallography" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 (11th ed.). pp. ... twins Mathematical and Theoretical Crystallography Quartz Crystals - Twinning Grain Boundary Twinning. ...
Glide plane
In geometry and crystallography, a glide plane (or transflection) is a symmetry operation describing how a reflection in a ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Walter Borchardt-Ott (1995). Crystallography. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-59478-7.. ...
Artificial photosynthesis
Crystallography. Molecular biology, microbiology and synthetic biology methodologies. Advantages of solar fuel production ... A case study for metalloprotein crystallography". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (34): 12047-12052. ...
Kröhnkite
"Crystallography." Mineralogy Tutorials. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. CD-ROM. Herwig, S. , Hawthorne F.C. (2006) The Topology of ...
Philipp von Stosch
Spencer, Leonard James (1911). "Crystallography" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge ...
Screw axis
In crystallography, a screw axis symmetry is a combination of rotation about an axis and a translation parallel to that axis ... Crystallography. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-59478-7. J. M. McCarthy and G. S. Soh, Geometric Design of Linkages, 2nd Edition, ...
Diffraction
"Scattering and diffraction". Crystallography. International Union of Crystallography.. ... Optical diffraction pattern ( laser), (analogous to X-ray crystallography) Colors seen in a spider web are partially due to ...
Crystal
Various authors (2010). "Crystallography". Spanish National Research Council, Department of Crystallography. Retrieved 2010-01- ... Crystallography is the science of measuring the crystal structure (in other words, the atomic arrangement) of a crystal. One ... International Union of Crystallography (1992). "Report of the Executive Committee for 1991". Acta Crystallogr. A. 48 (6): 922- ... See diagram on right.) One of the oldest techniques in the science of crystallography consists of measuring the three- ...
Judith Howard
Her interests include in-situ crystallisation of liquids, ultra-low temperature crystallography, high pressure crystallography ... "Crystallography". In Our Time. 29 November 2012. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 18 January 2014. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link ... Howard has created instruments that allow scientists to help advance and prove theories in the field of X-ray crystallography. ... In 1991 Howard moved to become Professor of Crystallography at Durham University. She has co-authored over 1,500 scientific ...
Dibenzpyrenequinone
Crystallography Reports. 63 (7): 1110-1115. Bibcode:2018CryRp..63.1110Z. doi:10.1134/s1063774518070283.. ...
Anomalous photovoltaic effect
V.M. Fridkin (2001). "Bulk photovoltaic effect in noncentrosymmetric crystals". Crystallography Reports. 46 (4): 654-658. ...
Lomonosovite
Crystallography Reports. 65 (3): 22-427.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Gerasimovskii, V. I. "Lomonosovite, a ...
Lamprophyllite
Crystallography Reports. 50 (3): 379-381. doi:10.1134/1.1927593. ISSN 1063-7745. Rastsvetaeva, Ramiza K.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; ...
John Meurig Thomas
Crystallography Reviews. 17 (2): 153-155. doi:10.1080/0889311X.2010.520013. S2CID 97934253. "Yr Athro Syr John Meurig Thomas". ... Crystallography Reviews. 15 (2): 147-150. doi:10.1080/00343400802667749. S2CID 97637525. Somorjai, G. A.; Roberts, M. W. (2003 ...
Nina Vedeneyeva
History of the Crystallography Laboratory Of Crystal-optics of the Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of ... She was noted for development and design of instruments to improve the methods of optical crystallography. She was the last ... Пахомова 2004, p. 2. Crystallography 2010. Burgin 1994, p. 194. Burgin 1994, pp. 270-271. Burgin 2002, p. 48. Burgin 1994, p. ... Пахомова 2004, p. 3. Пахомова 2004, p. 4. Crystallography 2010. Пахомова 2004, p. 6. Burgin, Diana Lewis (2002). "Sophia Parnok ...
Ruddlesden-Popper phase
Beznosikov, B.V.; Aleksandrov, K.S. (2000). "Perovskite-like crystals of the Ruddlesden-Popper series". Crystallography Reports ...
Norra Kärr
Crystallography Reports. 53 (4): 553-556. doi:10.1134/S1063774508040044. "Norra Kärr mine" (PDF). tasmanmetals.com. 2012. ...
Potassium tetraperoxochromate(V)
Crystallography Reports. 52 (4): 639-646. Bibcode:2007CryRp..52..639S. doi:10.1134/S1063774507040116. S2CID 95018505. ...
Collinsite
Crystallography Reports. 48 (2): 226-232. Bibcode:2003CryRp..48..226Y. doi:10.1134/1.1564200. S2CID 94186620. (subscription ...
Praseodymium(III) fluoride
Crystallography Reports. 51 (5): 895-901. doi:10.1134/S106377450605021X. ISSN 1063-7745. S2CID 189794019.CS1 maint: multiple ...
Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth
"An Earth and Mars mineral - Meridianiite MgSO4.11H2O". Crystallography 365. July 30, 2014. Marion, G.M.; Catling, D.C.; Zahnle ...
Ikranite
... is a member of the eudialyte group, named after the Shubinov Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of ... Crystallography Reports. 48 (5): 717-720. Bibcode:2003CryRp..48..717R. doi:10.1134/1.1612591. Mindat, http://www.mindat.org ...
Beevers-Lipson strip
X-ray crystallography "Set of Beevers Lipson Strips, Sine Set, c.1936". Oxford: Museum of the History of Science. Retrieved 28 ... International Union of Crystallography. Retrieved 28 March 2014. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Cecil Arnold Beevers ... The technique was developed by C. Arnold Beevers (1908-2001), reader in crystallography at the University of Edinburgh, and ... The approach converted the sizable calculations of multi-dimensional Fourier summations needed in crystallography analysis into ...
Chirality
Bunn, C.W. (1945). Chemical Crystallography. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 88. Williams, R. (1969). "Optical-rotary ...
Taseqite
Crystallography Reports. 63 (3): 349-357. doi:10.1134/s1063774518030240. ISSN 1063-7745.. ...
Electron crystallography - Wikipedia
Comparison with X-ray crystallography[edit]. It can complement X-ray crystallography for studies of very small crystals (,0.1 ... A common problem to X-ray crystallography and electron crystallography is radiation damage, by which especially organic ... T.E. Weirich, X.D. Zou & J.L. Lábár (2006). Electron Crystallography: Novel Approaches for Structure Determination of Nanosized ... Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope ( ...
X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia
International Tables for Crystallography[edit]. *. Theo Hahn, ed. (2002). International Tables for Crystallography. Volume A, ... Interactive Crystallography Timeline from the Royal Institution. Primary databases[edit]. *Crystallography Open Database (COD) ... 2001). International Tables for Crystallography. Volume F, Crystallography of biological molecules. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic ... Although crystallography can be used to characterize the disorder in an impure or irregular crystal, crystallography generally ...
Modern Crystallography III | SpringerLink
... the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the whole science of the ... chemistry crystallography diffraction dynamics electron microscopy materials science thermodynamics Authors and affiliations. * ... Early in this century, the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the ... Other important factors promoting the development of crystallog- raphy were the elaboration of the theory of crystal growth ( ...
Ionic crystal | crystallography | Britannica
Other articles where Ionic crystal is discussed: chemical bonding: Ionic solids:
The structures of ionic solids have already been described in some detail. They consist of individual ions that are stacked together in such a way that the assembly has the lowest possible energy. These ions may be monatomic (as in sodium chloride, which…
A127 - Crystallography Preparation Laboratory | NIST
Twinning plane | crystallography | Britannica.com
Other articles where Twinning plane is discussed: twinning: …reflected images along a common twinning plane, repetitions rotated about a common twinning axis, or both. Such twinning planes and axes have simple relations to the crystallographic axes of the crystal and are governed by some fundamental laws; e.g., because the resulting twin would be identical to the original crystal,…
X-Ray Crystallography
Description of x-ray crystallography research in the Chemical, Physical and Structural Biology Program in the Graduate School ... A number of faculty members in CPSB apply x-ray crystallography in their labs, and these activities are supported by a core x- ... X-ray crystallography allows visualization of macromolecules with the clarity of resolving individual atoms. High-resolution ...
Protein Crystallography | SpringerLink
This volume provides methods for modern macromolecular crystallography, including all steps leading to crystal structure ... 1.Macromolecular Crystallography LaboratoryNational Cancer InstituteFrederickUSA. *2.Synchrotron Radiation Research SectionMCL ... Authoritative and practical, Protein Crystallography aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field ... 3.Department of CrystallographyFaculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland ...
Crystallography - Wikipedia
US DOE Crystallography Research Resources International Union of Crystallography Web Portal of Open Access Crystallography ... Resources Interactive Crystallography Timeline from the Royal Institution Nature Milestones in Crystallography Crystallography ... Hence crystallography applies for the most part only to crystals, or to molecules which can be coaxed to crystallize for the ... Crystallography covers the enumeration of the symmetry patterns which can be formed by atoms in a crystal and for this reason ...
Crystallography
Over 4,714 mineral species descriptions are included in this HTML-linked table of crystallography for all known valid mineral ... Crystallography and Minerals Arranged by Crystal Form. Amorphous. Isometric. Tetragonal. Orthorhombic. Hexagonal. Trigonal. ... Table Crystallography (Mason 68, p18) - The thirty-two crystal classes are summarized by symmetry elements in the following ... Example crystal images within the crystallography group in the yellow columns.. *Stereo crystal images/java example and mineral ...
Expanding the femtosecond crystallography toolkit | PNAS
Expanding the femtosecond crystallography toolkit. Sol M. Gruner. PNAS December 2, 2014 111 (48) 16986-16987; published ahead ... 2014) Serial crystallography on in vivo grown microcrystals using synchrotron radiation. IUCrJ 1(Pt 2):87-94. ... 2014) Goniometer-based femtosecond crystallography with X-ray free electron lasers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:17122-17127. ... This is the basis for the term "femtosecond crystallography" (FSC), also known as "diffract before destroy" (4). Thus, although ...
Science Crystallography Books - Alibris
Crystallography | Institute of Physics
Crystallography is one of the most important techniques in helping to understand the world around us. But what is ... The discovery of crystallography. The story of crystallography dates back to 1912. German physicist Max von Laue and colleagues ... This means crystallography can be used to understand how the immune system fights off viruses. Or it can be used by robotic ... Crystallography reveals why diamonds are hard and shiny and why salt melts in the mouth. But the technique doesnt just look at ...
Isomorphism (crystallography) - Wikipedia
Neutron protein crystallography (Conference) | ETDEWEB
title = {Neutron protein crystallography}. author = {Niimura, Nobuo}. abstractNote = {X-ray diffraction of single crystal has ... It is difficult to make structural analysis of hydrogen atoms in a protein using X-ray crystallography, whereas neutron ... It is difficult to make structural analysis of hydrogen atoms in a protein using X-ray crystallography, whereas neutron ... 66 PHYSICS; PROTEINS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; MONOCHROMATORS; HYDROGEN; LYSOZYME; LAUE METHOD; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ...
Super-resolution biomolecular crystallography with low-resolution data | Nature
X-ray crystallography has become the most common way for structural biologists to obtain the three-dimensional structures of ... Use of homology information is not restricted to X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy: as optical imaging ... X-ray crystallography has become the most common method used by structural biologists to obtain three-dimensional structures of ... Making more of X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystallography has become the most common method used by structural biologists to ...
Chapter 8
-
Protein Crystallography
(RSC Publishing)
Practical optical crystallography - Norman Holt Hartshorne, Alan Stuart - Google Books
The January edition of the Crystallography Times newsletter is online
The January edition of Crystallography Times from Rigaku Corporation is now available on the companys global ... The January edition of the Crystallography Times newsletter is onlinePress Release: The January edition of the Crystallography ... Crystallography Times vol. 13, No. 1, focusing on single crystal X-ray diffraction, is available from the Rigaku global website ... Crystallography Times is an electronic newsletter published by Rigaku. It serves the X-ray analysis community by presenting ...
Introduction Chemical Crystallography - AbeBooks
An introduction to chemical crystallography / by P. H. Groth, Authorised translation by Hugh Marshall. 1906 [Ebook PDF] by P. H ... Chemical Crystallography: An Introduction to Optical and X-Ray Methods (Second Edition) Bunn, C W ... An introduction to chemical crystallography / by P. H. Groth, Authorised translation by Hugh Marshall. 1906 [Ebook PDF] P. H. ... Chemical crystallography;: An introduction to optical and X-ray methods, Bunn, C. W ...
Crystallography in Canada
... crystallography in art and cultural heritage crystallography of materials electron crystallography high pressure inorganic and ... crystallography in art and cultural heritage crystallography of materials electron crystallography high pressure inorganic and ... He now is a prominent part of the history of Crystallography in Canada. Early days of protein crystallography in Canada. ... Crystallography in Canada. continued from Volume 17, Number 4. (This is an extended version of the article that appeared in the ...
IUCr) Crystallography in Poland
... physical crystallography, III) applied crystallography, IV) crystal growth and liquid crystals and V) protein crystallography. ... The staff of the Crystallography Laboratory at Warsaw U.. Crystallography Lab., Warsaw U. (K. Wozniak, [email protected] ... of Crystallography, Inst. of Low Temperature and Structural Research, PAN, Wroclaw (A. Pietraszko, [email protected] ... of Crystallography, U. of Gdansk, A. Sikorski, [email protected] u.gda.pl), metal complexes and small organic molecules (Dept. of ...
Crystallography - New World Encyclopedia
The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction, 2nd ed. Texts on Crystallography, 5. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN ... X-ray crystallography. Notes. *↑ J.C. Kendrew, et al. 1958. A three-dimensional model of the myoglobin molecule obtained by X- ... Notations used in crystallography. *Coordinates in square brackets such as [100] denote a direction vector (in real space). ... The word "crystallography" is derived from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to ...
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Structural Cell Biology Group - DNA Repair X-Ray Crystallography
Crystallography facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Crystallography
Make research projects and school reports about Crystallography easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia ... Home Earth and the Environment Minerals, Mining, and Metallurgy Mineralogy and Crystallography Crystallography ... Crystallography is particularly concerned with the internal structure of crystals. X-ray crystallography uses X-rays to ... crystallography A Dictionary of Earth Sciences © A Dictionary of Earth Sciences 1999, originally published by Oxford University ...
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The Macromolecular Crystallography SR facility provides PCCR with robotic systems, temperature-controlled rooms, x-ray data ... Macromolecular Crystallography. Overview The ability to determine the structure of proteins using X-ray crystallography has ... As such, X-ray crystallography is an essential tool for the PCCR to carry out its mission - to uncover the fundamental sources ... To enable the research of X-ray crystallography expert and nonexpert PCCR members, the MM-SR provides and maintains in-house ...
Researchers publish review on serial femtosecond crystallography
Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology have published a review on serial femtosecond crystallography, ... X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystallography is one of the main methods for revealing the 3D structure of biological ... X-ray crystallography produces good results for crystals that are large, stable, and homogeneous -- that is, with no impurities ... Conventional X-ray crystallography involves exposing one crystal to radiation from various angles and analyzing the resulting ...
Protein-crystallography] From Paul Tucker
Previous message: [Protein-crystallography] Two-detector Rigaku Crystallography System Available! *Next message: [Protein- ... Previous message: [Protein-crystallography] Two-detector Rigaku Crystallography System Available! *Next message: [Protein- ... Protein-crystallography] From Paul Tucker. Paul Tucker via xtal-log%40net.bio.net (by tucker from embl-hamburg.de). Tue Apr 15 ... crystallography] 6th International NCCR Symposium on New Trends in Structural Biology * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] ...
January Crystallography & Cryo-EM News: One Big Milestone
All crystallography labs need access to the latest technology. Enable your lab by requesting a free printed catalog of the most ... With the aid of x-ray crystallography, scientist found that an antibody, MR191 neutralizes the virus by binding to receptors, ... Help your lab utilize the best techniques and practices, get a free set of crystallography related lab posters today by ... Be first to hear the latest news and developments in Crystallography & Cryo-EM ...
Femtosecond crystallographyCrystalsElectronChemical CrystallographyProteinsSingle crystal X-ray diffracIUCrIntroduction to protein crystallographySolidsConventional X-ray crystallogrSmall molecule crystallographyField of crystallographyCrystallizationXFELsModern crystallographyQuantum crystallographyTheoretical crystallographyDiffraction crystallographyBiomolecular crystallographyMacromoleculesMineralogyCrystal structureAtomsStructural BiologyTechniqueResearchersRigaku CorporationAtomicChemistryFundamental19th centuryCrystallographersBranch of scienceBeamlinesScienceDiffractometerMainPowderMolecularCrystallographicStructuresInvolved in proteinSerial
Femtosecond crystallography9
- This is the basis for the term "femtosecond crystallography" (FSC), also known as "diffract before destroy" ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
- This chapter introduces XFELs and focuses on serial femtosecond crystallography. (rsc.org)
- Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology have published a review on serial femtosecond crystallography, one of the most promising methods for analyzing the tertiary structure of proteins. (news-medical.net)
- Here we present a technique for extruding gel-like LCP with embedded membrane protein microcrystals, providing a continuously renewed source of material for serial femtosecond crystallography. (nature.com)
- Nanoflow electrospinning serial femtosecond crystallography. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- An electrospun liquid microjet has been developed that delivers protein microcrystal suspensions at flow rates of 0.14-3.1 µl min(-1) to perform serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) studies with X-ray lasers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Serial femtosecond crystallography based on X-ray free-electron laser sources (XFELs) provides new opportunities for structural sciences, in particular for the time-resolved investigation of dynamic processes [1-3]. (psi.ch)
- Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) is a powerful new method for protein structure determination at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) and synchrotron X-ray sources [1,2]. (psi.ch)
- High-resolution protein structure determination by serial femtosecond crystallography. (psi.ch)
Crystals24
- [7] The highest resolution protein structure solved by electron crystallography of 2D crystals is that of the water channel aquaporin -0. (wikipedia.org)
- [8] In 2013 electron crystallography was extended to 3D crystals by a new method called microcrystal electron diffraction, or MicroED. (wikipedia.org)
- Since many materials can form crystals-such as salts , metals , minerals , semiconductors , as well as various inorganic, organic, and biological molecules-X-ray crystallography has been fundamental in the development of many scientific fields. (wikipedia.org)
- Early in this century, the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the whole science of the atomic structure of matter, thus giving a new impetus to the development of solid-state physics. (springer.com)
- Other important factors promoting the development of crystallog- raphy were the elaboration of the theory of crystal growth (which brought crystallography closer to thermodynamics and physical chem- istry) and the development of the various methods of growing synthetic crystals dictated by practical needs. (springer.com)
- Exponential growth in the number of determined protein structures has largely been driven by new technologies in protein X-ray crystallography, including synchrotron X-ray sources, X-ray detectors, computational tools, and methods of handling protein crystals. (pnas.org)
- Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography (see below), the study of crystals was based on physical measurements of their geometry using a goniometer. (wikipedia.org)
- In crystallography crystals are described as isomorphous if they are closely similar in shape. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, conferences on applied crystallography (Z. Bojarski, U. Silesia), solid crystals and liquid crystals (J. Zmija, Military U. of Tech.), defects in crystals (J. Auleytner and M. Lefeld-Sosnowska), and organic Crystal Chemistry (A. Mickiewicz, U. of Poznan). (iucr.org)
- In this report five areas of crystallographic study in Poland are summarized: I) chemical crystallography, II) physical crystallography, III) applied crystallography, IV) crystal growth and liquid crystals and V) protein crystallography. (iucr.org)
- Some materials studied using crystallography, proteins for example, do not occur naturally as crystals. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Crystallography is particularly concerned with the internal structure of crystals. (encyclopedia.com)
- X-ray crystallography uses X-rays to discover the molecular structure of crystals. (encyclopedia.com)
- X-ray crystallography produces good results for crystals that are large, stable, and homogeneous -- that is, with no impurities or structural defects. (news-medical.net)
- But membrane proteins, many receptors among them, form crystals that are not large and pure enough for standard X-ray crystallography. (news-medical.net)
- Extensively revised and updated, this new edition of a classic text presents a unified approach to crystallography and to the defects found within crystals. (wiley.com)
- The Braggs - of Bragg's Law fame - used crystallography to explain how sodium and chloride together form salt crystals and how carbon atoms interact to form diamond crystals. (theconversation.com)
- The Protein Crystallography Lab offers users a unique capability to perform room- and cryogenic X-ray diffraction data collection from biomacromolecular crystals, data analysis and visualization. (ornl.gov)
- Frequently, protein crystallographers will start out with small crystals that need to be optimized to larger crystals for conventional X-ray crystallography. (biophysics.org)
- It can complement X-ray crystallography on proteins , such as membrane proteins , that cannot easily form the large 3-dimensional crystals required for that process. (wikidoc.org)
- A wide variety of materials can form crystals - such as salts , metals , minerals , semiconductors , as well as various inorganic, organic and biological molecules - which has made X-ray crystallography fundamental to many scientific fields. (wikidoc.org)
- The term "X-ray crystallography" is also sometimes applied to methods that involve X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline materials, such as powders of small crystals studied by X-ray powder diffraction . (wikidoc.org)
- The second section focusses on high pressure crystallography as a technique for exploring polymorphic landscapes, of a series of acid-base co-crystals, and the well-known active pharmaceutical ingredient 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (ROY). (bl.uk)
- The Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, based at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory and headed by Dr. Zbigniew Dauter, is involved in developing new macromolecular crystallography methods related to the tunability and high intensity of synchrotron radiation, such as the use of anomalous signals, particularly from comparatively light atoms, and the effects of radiation damage incurred in crystals of proteins. (cancer.gov)
Electron17
- Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). (wikipedia.org)
- A common problem to X-ray crystallography and electron crystallography is radiation damage , by which especially organic molecules and proteins are damaged as they are being imaged, limiting the resolution that can be obtained. (wikipedia.org)
- This is especially troublesome in the setting of electron crystallography, where that radiation damage is focused on far fewer atoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Since then, several other high-resolution structures have been determined by electron crystallography, including the light-harvesting complex , [5] the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor , [6] and the bacterial flagellum . (wikipedia.org)
- If the material under investigation is only available in the form of nanocrystalline powders or suffers from poor crystallinity, the methods of electron crystallography can be applied for determining the atomic structure. (wikipedia.org)
- Alongside synchrotrons, two other forms of crystallography can probe molecules in different ways: neutron diffraction and electron diffraction. (iop.org)
- Crystallographers often explicitly state the type of beam used, as in the terms X-ray crystallography, neutron diffraction and electron diffraction. (wikipedia.org)
- This new technique, called serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography, or SFX, relies on X-ray free-electron lasers, developed shortly before SFX. (news-medical.net)
- Topics range from topological methods in crystallography (Nancy 2010, Samara 2014) to irreducible representations of space groups (Nancy 2010) to electron crystallography (Antwerp 2016) to graph theory. (iucr.org)
- The Biomolecular X-ray crystallography group, headed by Assistant Prof. Albert Guskov, is embedded in the GBB Institute and together with the Electron Microscopy group headed by Assistant Prof. Cristina Paulino constitutes the Structural Biology unit of GBB. (rug.nl)
- In their research the group uses the combination of macromolecular crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy as well as various biochemical and biophysical techniques. (rug.nl)
- We report direct determination of the structures and dynamics of interfacial water on a hydrophilic surface with atomic-scale resolution using ultrafast electron crystallography. (sciencemag.org)
- Since then, several other high-resolution structures have been done by electron crystallography, including the light-harvesting complex , [2] and the bacterial flagellum . (wikipedia.org)
- Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex by electron crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
- Fortunately, electron microscopes contain electron lenses , and phase information tends to be much more reliable in electron crystallography. (wikidoc.org)
- Here we report ligand-induced conformational changes in full-length MloK1, a cyclic nucleotide-modulated potassium channel from the bacterium Mesorhizobium loti, analysed by electron crystallography and atomic force microscopy. (rcsb.org)
- To discover how biology works researchers are now combining the power of crystallography with multiple other methods, spanning from the atomic to cellular scale, and including revolutionary developments in electron cryo-microscopy and tomography. (crystalerice.org)
Chemical Crystallography7
- Looking back to the late 60's and early 70's, and the start of my own independent career, it was clear that the young crystallographers of my generation, helped by some very skilled mentors and experts, were really at the forefront of what became a" Chemical Crystallography" revolution, with crystal structure analysis feeding back fundamental information into synthetic organic, inorganic and organometallic chemistry research. (biomedcentral.com)
- An introduction to chemical crystallography / by P. H. Groth, Authorised translation by Hugh Marshall. (abebooks.com)
- An introduction to chemical crystallography. (abebooks.com)
- The Chemical Crystallography Laboratory is located in the white house with white shutters just by the junction of Parks Road and South Parks Road. (ccp14.ac.uk)
- The Chemical Crystallography Laboratory has a long history of involvement in software development. (ccp14.ac.uk)
- which includes useful articles and methods utilizing single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and its applications in protein and small molecule (chemical) crystallography, features breakthroughs from top research institutions around the world. (prweb.com)
- ROD is a leader in the field of single crystal analysis, both in the field of chemical crystallography as well as well as macromolecular crystallography. (prweb.com)
Proteins14
- Because of this problem, X-ray crystallography has been much more successful in determining the structure of proteins that are especially vulnerable to radiation damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Since then, the crystal structures of tens of thousands of proteins have been determined using X-ray crystallography. (iop.org)
- misc{etde_327261, title = {Neutron protein crystallography} author = {Niimura, Nobuo} abstractNote = {X-ray diffraction of single crystal has enriched the knowledge of various biological molecules such as proteins, DNA, t-RNA, viruses, etc. (osti.gov)
- The ability to determine the structure of proteins using X-ray crystallography has been one of the great scientific achievements over the past 50-60 years. (purdue.edu)
- X-ray crystallography is one of the main methods for revealing the 3D structure of biological macromolecules, such as proteins. (news-medical.net)
- X-ray crystallography provides a wealth of biologically important molecular data in the form of atomic three-dimensional structures of proteins, nucleic acids and increasingly large complexes in multiple forms and states. (nih.gov)
- Since this discovery, crystallography has become the very core of structural science, revealing the structure of DNA, allowing us to understand and fabricate computer memories, showing us how proteins are created in cells and helping scientists to design powerful new materials and drugs. (msvu.ca)
- Time-resolved structural studies with serial crystallography: A new light on retinal proteins. (psi.ch)
- Many proteins and cell structures are studied at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) using a procedure called protein crystallography. (osti.gov)
- Yang will explain the protein crystallography procedure, the simple structure of the cell membrane, and the unusual characteristics of its proteins and lipids. (osti.gov)
- We manage a platform for protein expression in insect cells, purification and characterization of proteins and macromolecular complexes and state-of-the-art infrastructures for X-ray Crystallography. (ieo.it)
- At the Crystallography Unit, we routinely express proteins and multi-protein complexes in insect cells with the MultiBac system, and offer a complete service that goes from gene cloning to protein production. (ieo.it)
- However, insufficiency of qualified and experienced researchers, lack of generalized crystallization methods associated with the types of proteins, and highly time-consuming and expensive protein crystallization and crystallography processes are expected to hinder the growth of this market during the forecasted period. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- Over the last 50 years, crystallography has developed from a method capable of determining the structures of isolated, soluble proteins to one able to provide detailed information on mechanisms of action of integral membrane proteins, whole viruses and the complex nano-machines that are central to cellular function. (crystalerice.org)
Single crystal X-ray diffrac3
- Crystallography Times vol. 13, No. 1, focusing on single crystal X-ray diffraction, is available from the Rigaku global website. (prweb.com)
- The Product Spotlight showcases the Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy Custom single crystal X-ray diffraction system, a fully flexible Hybrid Photon Counting (HPC)-based system for laboratories requiring tailored solutions for their unique crystallography applications. (prweb.com)
- The oldest and most precise method of X-ray crystallography is single-crystal X-ray diffraction , in which a beam of X-rays is reflected from evenly spaced planes of a single crystal, producing a diffraction pattern of spots called reflections . (wikidoc.org)
IUCr3
- In 1966, Poland became a member of the IUCr and the 11th Int'l Congress of Crystallography was held in Warsaw in 1978 under the leadership of J. Auleytner. (iucr.org)
- The resurgence in mathematical crystallography motivated the formation of the IUCr Commission on Mathematical Crystallography, as well as this virtual special issue of Acta Crystallographica Section A . This foreword describes some of the current activities of the Commission and introduces the articles in the special issue. (iucr.org)
- Such considerations led to the formation of a MaThCryst `workgroup' in 2002, which the 20th IUCr Congress in Florence transformed into the Commission on Mathematical and Theoretical Crystallography in August 2005. (iucr.org)
Introduction to protein crystallography2
Solids4
- Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids (see crystal structure). (wikipedia.org)
- Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In 2014, on the occasion of the UN's International Year of Crystallography, UNSECO stated, "In the early 20th century, it was discovered that X-rays could be used to 'see' the structure of matter in a non-intrusive manner, thus beginning the dawn of modern crystallography - the science that examines the arrangement of atoms in solids. (msvu.ca)
- It can be equally well applied to study crystalline solids (see crystallography ), gasses, liquids or amorphous materials. (thefullwiki.org)
Conventional X-ray crystallogr3
- In conventional X-ray crystallography, a protein crystal is rotated in the X-ray beam to produce diffraction patterns for various spatial orientations. (news-medical.net)
- Conventional X-ray crystallography involves exposing one crystal to radiation from various angles and analyzing the resulting diffraction patterns collectively. (news-medical.net)
- In conventional X-ray crystallography, simply choosing the largest and highest-quality crystal was the way to go. (news-medical.net)
Small molecule crystallography2
- The University of Toronto was also a hub of small molecule crystallography, with Stan Nyberg in the Chemistry Department and Norman Camerman in the Biochemistry Department. (iucr.org)
- Crystallography Times is designed to keep the scientific community abreast of topics related to protein and small molecule crystallography. (prweb.com)
Field of crystallography2
- This review reports on the application of charge density analysis in the field of crystal engineering, which is one of the most growing and productive areas of the entire field of crystallography. (biomedcentral.com)
- In 1912 Lawrence Bragg , a young Australian working in Cambridge, made a key discovery that helped establish the field of crystallography. (theconversation.com)
Crystallization10
- Additionally the group has an interest in macromolecular crystallization and serial crystallography techniques. (rug.nl)
- Advances in automation, in everything from crystallization to data collection to phasing to model building to refinement, have made solving a structure using crystallography easier than ever. (nih.gov)
- The Protein crystallography core facility of Biocenter Oulu has the infrastructure for protein structural studies from crystallization to x-ray data collection and structure determination. (oulu.fi)
- Protein crystallization & crystallography are techniques that are used very frequently by researchers to understand the three-dimensional structure of a protein. (sbwire.com)
- The market for protein crystallization & crystallography is expected to grow at a high rate owing to its huge potential in drug discovery and development. (sbwire.com)
- This research report categorizes the protein crystallization & crystallography market on the basis of technologies (protein purification, protein crystallization, protein crystal mounting, and protein crystallography), products (analyzers and reagents), and end users (pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, government institutes, and academic institutions). (sbwire.com)
- The growing need to identify new ligands for the drug discovery process and the rising popularity of structure-based/rational drug design are factors that present opportunities for the protein crystallization & crystallography market. (sbwire.com)
- The large numbers of ongoing research projects involving protein crystallization, and the increased variety of reagents and analytical techniques employed are are also major drivers for the protein crystallography reagents market. (sbwire.com)
- Geographically, North America commanded the largest market share of the protein crystallization & crystallography market, followed by Europe. (sbwire.com)
- The Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt, Germany is updating its x-ray crystallography facility with Rigaku protein crystallography and automated crystallization systems, Rigaku Americas Corp. of The Woodlands, Texas, announced this week. (photonics.com)
XFELs1
- Short-wavelength XFELs suitable for crystallography have only become available since the Linac Coherent Light Source turned on at the Department of Energy's California SLAC laboratory in 2009. (pnas.org)
Modern crystallography1
- In this class we'll discuss the steps and techniques involved in modern crystallography. (meetup.com)
Quantum crystallography5
- Some results obtained by quantum crystallography illustrate the potential and limitations of this field. (rsc.org)
- The group applies spectroscopic, crystallographic and theoretical methods of structure determination and advances them, especially quantum crystallography. (rsc.org)
- He happily enjoys his retirement at the Universities of Zürich, Western Australia and Berkeley where he collaborates with his colleagues and friends in areas of common interest: structure determination of disordered materials from diffuse scattering, quantum crystallography, dynamics and thermodynamics of crystalline polymorphs. (rsc.org)
- Called Sagamore , the conference (which started in 1964) will this year feature a focus on quantum crystallography, "bringing together top scientists at the interface of crystallography, material science, quantum and computational chemistry, and solid state physics" in an environment that is inclusive of "theory and experiment, early career and established scientists, and women and visible minorities. (msvu.ca)
- Dr. Matta is a Member of the International Union of Crystallography's Commission on Quantum Crystallography, and an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and Institute of Physics (UK). (msvu.ca)
Theoretical crystallography1
- At the Jagiellonian U. in Krakow in 1933, S. Kreutz, an author of books on theoretical crystallography, supervised the Ph.D. thesis of S. Janik on the X-ray structure of ZnCl 2 .2NH 3 . (iucr.org)
Diffraction crystallography3
- X-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. (springer.com)
- To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. (springer.com)
- This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. (springer.com)
Biomolecular crystallography2
- This work presents a snapshot of the state of the art of modern biomolecular crystallography, from crystallisation through structure determination and even interactive presentation on the web. (worldcat.org)
- Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Present and Future Methods of Biomolecular Crystallography: the Structural Path to Defence Against CBRN Agents, Erice Italy, 1-10 June 2012"--Title page verso. (worldcat.org)
Macromolecules5
- X-ray crystallography allows visualization of macromolecules with the clarity of resolving individual atoms. (bcm.edu)
- Soon after X-ray crystallography emerged, it became clear that not all biological macromolecules can be crystallized. (news-medical.net)
- The Protein Crystallography Core Facility assists investigators in the determination of the 3-D structure of biological macromolecules and their complexes. (btk.fi)
- X-ray crystallography is the major method for structure determination of macromolecules. (btk.fi)
- X-ray crystallography is the foremost technique used in structural biology to determine the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules. (ieo.it)
Mineralogy2
- Polish textbooks of mineralogy containing elements of crystallography were published in the universities of Krakow and Lwow in the second half of the 19th century. (iucr.org)
- In 1953, crystallography was introduced as an obligatory subject in university chemistry curricula producing new crystallographic laboratories, and separating crystallography from mineralogy. (iucr.org)
Crystal structure2
- This volume provides methods for modern macromolecular crystallography, including all steps leading to crystal structure determination and analysis. (springer.com)
- My supervisor has been very supportive and encouraging," she said, adding that Ramsland helped her navigate the roadblocks of learning crystallography, teaching her how to collect data from the Australian Synchrotron and walking her through the process of solving a crystal structure. (asbmb.org)
Atoms4
- It is difficult to make structural analysis of hydrogen atoms in a protein using X-ray crystallography, whereas neutron diffraction seems usable to directly determine the location of those hydrogen atoms. (osti.gov)
- X-ray crystallography is the science of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal from the manner in which a beam of X-rays is scattered from the electrons within the crystal. (wikidoc.org)
- By contrast, macromolecular crystallography often involves tens of thousands of atoms in the unit cell. (wikidoc.org)
- however, X-ray crystallography has proven possible even for viruses with hundreds of thousands of atoms. (wikidoc.org)
Structural Biology3
- Upgrading and expanding the x-ray crystallography facility will make it one of seven core European centers for structural biology and was part of an initiative by ESFRI-INSTRUCT (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures -- Integrated Structural Biology Infrastructure). (photonics.com)
- The Crystallography Unit supports scientific groups which are interested in developing structural biology aspects of their projects. (ieo.it)
- Macromolecular crystallography and structural biology databases at NIST. (thefreelibrary.com)
Technique7
- X-ray crystallography remains a crucial technique for this mission. (iop.org)
- Since that time, the integration of the two fundamental subjects of chemistry, in its broadest sense, and crystallography has created a focussed multidisciplinary area, aided and abetted by consistent and continuing technique and instrumental developments. (biomedcentral.com)
- Now London-based photographer Max Alexander had shed light on some of these shapes, highlighting the importance of a technique known as X-ray crystallography. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Tao's [ Yizhi Jane Tao, assistant professor of biochemistry and cell biology ] lab specializes in X-ray crystallography, a powerful technique that can pinpoint the exact location of every atom in a biomacromolecule or a large biomacromolecular assembly. (medgadget.com)
- Dear Readers, Macromolecular crystallography is my favorite scientific technique, and likely the most important one of the past 100 years. (biophysics.org)
- At its surface, crystallography is a beautiful technique: the specimens look gorgeous, the diffraction patterns can cause grown men to weep, and protein structures are delightful to look at. (biophysics.org)
- The technique of single-crystal X-ray crystallography has three basic steps. (wikidoc.org)
Researchers4
- The latest issue highlights several noteworthy crystallography papers from researchers around the world. (prweb.com)
- Formally established as a shared resource in 1998, this resource has been committed to the support of macromolecular crystallography projects of PCCR researchers. (purdue.edu)
- The MM-SR's services and support are critical to PCCR members' research needs because X-ray crystallography requires that sophisticated and dedicated resources be immediately and locally available to researchers. (purdue.edu)
- The researchers have now answered this question: High-resolution X-ray crystallography provided incredibly accurate structural snapshots of a sodium-bound glutamate transporter right before the binding of glutamate. (eurekalert.org)
Rigaku Corporation1
- The January edition of Crystallography Times from Rigaku Corporation is now available on the company's global website. (prweb.com)
Atomic6
- X-ray crystallography ( XRC ) is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal , in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. (wikipedia.org)
- X-ray crystallography is still the primary method for characterizing the atomic structure of new materials and in discerning materials that appear similar by other experiments . (wikipedia.org)
- X-ray crystallography is related to several other methods for determining atomic structures. (wikipedia.org)
- Crystallography is the study of atomic and molecular structure. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Designed to allow organic and inorganic chemists to produce atomic-resolution 3-D structures of routine samples without any specialized crystallography training, the system determines x-ray structure. (photonics.com)
- As the crystal's unit cell becomes larger, the atomic-level picture provided by X-ray crystallography becomes less well-resolved (more "fuzzy") for a given number of observed reflections. (wikidoc.org)
Chemistry2
- Download Chemistry Crystallography Organic Physics Science, a. guin. (tradebit.com)
- The website of the American Chemical Society notes that, "Within the past century, crystallography has been a primary force in driving major advances in the detailed understanding of materials, synthetic chemistry, the understanding of basic principles of biological processes, genetics, and has contributed to major advances in the development of drugs for numerous diseases. (msvu.ca)
Fundamental2
- As such, X-ray crystallography is an essential tool for the PCCR to carry out its mission - to uncover the fundamental sources of cell growth anomalies associated with cancer and to develop new and effective therapeutics through structure-based drug design. (purdue.edu)
- In particular, the lack of a solid education in fundamental crystallography among chemists, crystallographers, physicists and other participants prompted the Commission to develop itinerant schools, which are becoming a tradition. (iucr.org)
19th century1
- Much of `mathematical crystallography' arose during the 19th century from the work of mathematicians, mineralogists, physicists and chemists. (iucr.org)
Crystallographers2
- Organizations of Polish crystallographers include The Committee of Crystallography of PAN (chair, A. Pietraszko), The Polish Society of Crystal Growth (chair, S. Krukowski), The Polish Society of Synchrotron Radiation, (chair, B. Orlowski), The Polish Society of Neutron Scattering, (chair, A. Szytula. (iucr.org)
- Jenny is Vice-President of the Asian Crystallography Association, a former President of the Society of Crystallographers in Australia and New Zealand, and a former chair of the National Committee for Crystallography of the Australian Academy of Science. (crystalerice.org)
Branch of science1
- It may not be the most familiar branch of science to everyone, but crystallography is one of the most important techniques in helping to understand the world around us. (iop.org)
Beamlines4
- A number of faculty members in CPSB apply x-ray crystallography in their labs, and these activities are supported by a core x-ray facility in BCM as well as access to synchrotron beamlines in National Laboratories located near Chicago, New York City, and San Francisco. (bcm.edu)
- The year 2003 was one of great excitement and hard work at the Macromolecular Crystallography (MX) beamlines of the ESRF (ID14 A&B, ID29), and the year's closing brings about a welcome chance to report on some of the work carried out there. (esrf.eu)
- The Crystallography Science Group comprises beamlines I11, I15, I15-1, and I19, members of the former Engineering & Environment and the Materials Villages. (diamond.ac.uk)
- The Crystallography Science Group beamlines employ various X-ray scattering and diffraction techniques to study structural properties of crystalline, amorphous, and liquid materials at ambient and different nonambient conditions. (diamond.ac.uk)
Science12
- In July 2012, the United Nations recognised the importance of the science of crystallography by proclaiming that 2014 would be the International Year of Crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
- Crystallography is a process in which art and science overlap,' he said. (dailymail.co.uk)
- The 53-year-old, originally from New Zealand, is hoping his photographs of the science and the people who made it happen, could raise the profile of crystallography. (dailymail.co.uk)
- It opens up a new set of people that might be engaged with crystallography and the science, just as we're engaging with the arts,' he told the BBC . (dailymail.co.uk)
- Crystallography is a natural area for the collaboration of physical science and mathematics. (iucr.org)
- In particular, the 2013 SIAM Conference on Mathematical Aspects of Materials Science in Philadelphia was the occasion to gather articles, partly issued from that meeting, for this second special issue on Mathematical Crystallography in Acta Crystallographica Section A . Perhaps befitting this digital age, this is a virtual issue, spanning three regular issues, but all appearing during the International Year of Crystallography. (iucr.org)
- Furthermore, the technical and scientific expertise within the Crystallography Science Group can be fully exploited to provide the basis for future development and pioneering experiments. (diamond.ac.uk)
- He is the principal author of the two previous very successful editions of ""Crystallography and Crystal Defects"" and of other books and has a worldwide reputation in materials science. (wiley.com)
- As a science, crystallography has produced 28 Nobel Prizes, more than any other scie ntific field. (msvu.ca)
- Lead sponsors for the event include Mount Saint Vincent University, the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada, and the International Union of Crystallography - an international scientific union aimed at promoting pure and applied crystallography, including promoting global cooperation and standardization of notation, units, and nomenclature. (msvu.ca)
- The Division of Science at New York University Abu Dhabi is inviting applications for a fully-funded postdoctoral associate position in the area of Solid-State NMR Crystallography in the group of Dr Maria Baias ( http://nyuad.nyu.edu/en/academics/faculty/maria-baias.html ). (weizmann.ac.il)
- She was subsequently awarded a Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Science Research Scholarship to undertake a DPhil research degree at the University of Oxford, in protein crystallography and structure-based inhibitor design. (crystalerice.org)
Diffractometer1
- In the late 1970s, macromolecular crystallography at NIST began with collaboration between NIST and NIH to establish a single-crystal neutron diffractometer. (thefreelibrary.com)
Main2
- One of the main difficulties in X-ray crystallography is determining phases in the diffraction pattern . (wikipedia.org)
- The main problem in neutron protein crystallography is the low flux of present reactor based or pulsed neutron sources. (spie.org)
Powder1
- I11 is a high resolution powder diffraction beamline for structural crystallography using an undulator source. (diamond.ac.uk)
Molecular5
- In addition to Cambridge's Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Dorothy Hodgkin's laboratory in the University of Oxford was also a Mecca for those wanting to learn the methods of protein crystallography. (iucr.org)
- This multi-subunit transmembrane protein complex has a molecular weight of ~ 540 kDa and represents one of the largest assemblies solved by macromolecular crystallography. (esrf.eu)
- Crystallography in Molecular Biology', a NATO Advanced Study Institute, was held on September 12-21, 1985, at the Bi sc. (exlibris.ch)
- The aim of the course was to gi ve an overvi ew of crystallography related to molecular biology with special emphasis on recent results and new methodo 1 ogi ca 1 approaches. (exlibris.ch)
- This Course will celebrate its milestone as the 50th in the crystallography series started by Dorothy Hodgkin by focusing on integration: 1) of different techniques, 2) of molecular and cellular approaches and 3) of the crystallographic community, including diversity. (crystalerice.org)
Crystallographic1
- He was a strong believer in the preservation of the history of the development of crystallography and crystallographic computing. (iucr.org)
Structures3
- Crystallography allows us to see our world at the level of the atom, by generating crystal structures that can be analysed and probed, and then used to design new and improved molecules. (theconversation.com)
- About 85% of all known structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank have been determined by X-ray crystallography. (btk.fi)
- She returned to Oxford to learn protein crystallography where in 1989, working with Prof Dave Stuart, she determined one of the first crystal structures of a cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF). (crystalerice.org)
Involved in protein1
- Carol returned to Canada and went to the NRC labs in Ottawa, where she eventually became involved in protein crystallography and specialized in the cathepsins, a group of lysosomal proteinases that resembled the plant enzyme papain. (iucr.org)
Serial1
- Serial millisecond crystallography for routine room-temperature structure determination at synchrotrons, Nat. (psi.ch)