Crystallography, X-Ray
Crystallography
Models, Molecular
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Crystallization
Cryoelectron Microscopy
Synchrotrons
X-Ray Diffraction
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Binding Sites
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Molecular Structure
Electrons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.
Protein Structure, Secondary
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
Amino Acid Sequence
Hydrogen Bonding
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Protein Binding
Neutron Diffraction
Catalytic Domain
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Protein Structure, Quaternary
Photoreceptors, Microbial
Scattering, Small Angle
Scattering of a beam of electromagnetic or acoustic RADIATION, or particles, at small angles by particles or cavities whose dimensions are many times as large as the wavelength of the radiation or the de Broglie wavelength of the scattered particles. Also know as low angle scattering. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Small angle scattering (SAS) techniques, small angle neutron (SANS), X-ray (SAXS), and light (SALS, or just LS) scattering, are used to characterize objects on a nanoscale.
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Structure-Activity Relationship
Catalysis
Negative Staining
The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.
X-Rays
Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.
Dimerization
Models, Chemical
Muramidase
A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Protein Multimerization
Stereoisomerism
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Microspectrophotometry
Analytical technique for studying substances present at enzyme concentrations in single cells, in situ, by measuring light absorption. Light from a tungsten strip lamp or xenon arc dispersed by a grating monochromator illuminates the optical system of a microscope. The absorbance of light is measured (in nanometers) by comparing the difference between the image of the sample and a reference image.
Drug Design
The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.
Water
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Solutions
Neutrons
Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay.
Macromolecular Substances
Automation, Laboratory
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Structural Homology, Protein
Myoglobin
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Substrate Specificity
Carbonic Anhydrase II
Amino Acid Substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.
Computer Simulation
Calorimetry
The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Mutation
Protein Engineering
Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Fourier Analysis
Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Whales
Large marine mammals of the order CETACEA. In the past, they were commercially valued for whale oil, for their flesh as human food and in ANIMAL FEED and FERTILIZERS, and for baleen. Today, there is a moratorium on most commercial whaling, as all species are either listed as endangered or threatened.
Software
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Calixarenes
Molecular Docking Simulation
Spectrum Analysis
Urate Oxidase
Quantum Theory
Protons
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Mass Spectrometry
Solvents
Coordination Complexes
Neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. The number of ligand atoms to which the metal center is directly bonded is the metal cation's coordination number, and this number is always greater than the regular valence or oxidation number of the metal. A coordination complex can be negative, neutral, or positively charged.
Thermotoga maritima
A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Circular Dichroism
Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases
Thermus thermophilus
Biocatalysis
Spectrum Analysis, Raman
Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
Heme
Multiprotein Complexes
Temperature
Organometallic Compounds
Surface Plasmon Resonance
A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.
Enzyme Stability
Membrane Proteins
Base Sequence
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Deuterium Exchange Measurement
Metals
Potassium Acetate
Algorithms
Ribonuclease, Pancreatic
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Protein Subunits
Camphor 5-Monooxygenase
A soluble cytochrome P-450 enzyme that catalyzes camphor monooxygenation in the presence of putidaredoxin, putidaredoxin reductase, and molecular oxygen. This enzyme, encoded by the CAMC gene also known as CYP101, has been crystallized from bacteria and the structure is well defined. Under anaerobic conditions, this enzyme reduces the polyhalogenated compounds bound at the camphor-binding site.
Bromine
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Enzyme Inhibitors
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Zinc
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Hydrogen
The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.
Small Molecule Libraries
Egg White
Protein Stability
Thermolysin
Base Pairing
Oxygen
Computer-Aided Design
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Nucleic Acids
Copper
Sodium Acetate
Spectrophotometry, Infrared
Amino Acid Motifs
Bacteriorhodopsins
Models, Structural
Detergents
Conserved Sequence
Metmyoglobin
Biochemistry
Allosteric Regulation
Xenon
RNA, Catalytic
RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.
Mutagenesis
Ions
Metalloproteins
Databases, Protein
Acetylcholinesterase
Ruthenium
Amides
Cobalt
DNA, Z-Form
Isomerism
Protein Footprinting
A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cutting reaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis.
Carboxylic Acids
Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins
Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.
Organophosphorus Compounds
Cattle
Manganese
A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Deuterium
Protein Denaturation
Halogens
Tryptophan
An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.
Cyanobacteria
A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.
Peptide Fragments
Iron
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Pliability
Disulfides
Cytidine Monophosphate
Aspergillus flavus
Computational Biology
A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
Riboswitch
Part of a MESSENGER RNA molecule that undergoes a conformation change upon binding a specific metabolite or other small molecule thereby regulating the messenger RNA's transcription, post-transcriptional processing, transport, translation, or stability in response to varying levels of the metabolite or other small molecule.
Carboxypeptidases A
Carboxypeptidases that are primarily found the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM that catalyze the release of C-terminal amino acids. Carboxypeptidases A have little or no activity for hydrolysis of C-terminal ASPARTIC ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID; ARGININE; LYSINE; or PROLINE. This enzyme requires ZINC as a cofactor and was formerly listed as EC 3.4.2.1 and EC 3.4.12.2.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
EF Hand Motifs
Salts
Dialysis
Chromatiaceae
Computer Graphics
Allosteric Site
Intercalating Agents
Chemistry, Physical
Point Mutation
Lipid Bilayers
Three-dimensional structure of a recombinant gap junction membrane channel. (1/1562)
Gap junction membrane channels mediate electrical and metabolic coupling between adjacent cells. The structure of a recombinant cardiac gap junction channel was determined by electron crystallography at resolutions of 7.5 angstroms in the membrane plane and 21 angstroms in the vertical direction. The dodecameric channel was formed by the end-to-end docking of two hexamers, each of which displayed 24 rods of density in the membrane interior, which is consistent with an alpha-helical conformation for the four transmembrane domains of each connexin subunit. The transmembrane alpha-helical rods contrasted with the double-layered appearance of the extracellular domains. Although not indicative for a particular type of secondary structure, the protein density that formed the extracellular vestibule provided a tight seal to exclude the exchange of substances with the extracellular milieu. (+info)Structure of DNA-dependent protein kinase: implications for its regulation by DNA. (2/1562)
DNA double-strand breaks are created by ionizing radiation or during V(D)J recombination, the process that generates immunological diversity. Breaks are repaired by an end-joining reaction that requires DNA-PKCS, the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase. DNA-PKCS is a 460 kDa serine-threonine kinase that is activated by direct interaction with DNA. Here we report its structure at 22 A resolution, as determined by electron crystallography. The structure contains an open channel, similar to those seen in other double-stranded DNA-binding proteins, and an enclosed cavity with three openings large enough to accommodate single-stranded DNA, with one opening adjacent to the open channel. Based on these structural features, we performed biochemical experiments to examine the interactions of DNA-PKCS with different DNA molecules. Efficient kinase activation required DNA longer than 12 bp, the minimal length of the open channel. Competition experiments demonstrated that DNA-PKCS binds to double- and single-stranded DNA via separate but interacting sites. Addition of unpaired single strands to a double-stranded DNA fragment stimulated kinase activation. These results suggest that activation of the kinase involves interactions with both double- and single-stranded DNA, as suggested by the structure. A model for how the kinase is regulated by DNA is described. (+info)Solution structure of a lipid transfer protein extracted from rice seeds. Comparison with homologous proteins. (3/1562)
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the three dimensional structure of rice nonspecific lipid transfer protein (ns-LTP), a 91 amino acid residue protein belonging to the broad family of plant ns-LTP. Sequence specific assignment was obtained for all but three HN backbone 1H resonances and for more than 95% of the 1H side-chain resonances using a combination of 1H 2D NOESY; TOCSY and COSY experiments at 293 K. The structure was calculated on the basis of four disulfide bridge restraints, 1259 distance constraints derived from 1H-1H Overhauser effects, 72 phi angle restraints and 32 hydrogen-bond restraints. The final solution structure involves four helices (H1: Cys3-Arg18, H2: Ala25-Ala37, H3: Thr41-Ala54 and H4: Ala66-Cys73) followed by a long C-terminal tail (T) with no observable regular structure. N-capping residues (Thr2, Ser24, Thr40), whose side-chain oxygen atoms are involved in hydrogen bonds with i + 3 amide proton additionally stabilize the N termini of the first three helices. The fourth helix involving Pro residues display a mixture of alpha and 3(10) conformation. The rms deviation of 14 final structures with respect to the average structure is 1.14 +/- 0.16 A for all heavy atoms (C, N, O and S) and 0.72 +/- 0.01 A for the backbone atoms. The global fold of rice ns-LTP is close to the previously published structures of wheat, barley and maize ns-LTPs exhibiting nearly identical pattern of the numerous sequence specific interactions. As reported previously for different four-helix topology proteins, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic mechanisms of fold stabilization were found for the rice ns-LTP. The sequential alignment of 36 ns-LTP primary structures strongly suggests that there is a uniform pattern of specific long-range interactions (in terms of sequence), which stabilize the fold of all plant ns-LTPs. (+info)Biochemical evolution III: polymerization on organophilic silica-rich surfaces, crystal-chemical modeling, formation of first cells, and geological clues. (4/1562)
Catalysis at organophilic silica-rich surfaces of zeolites and feldspars might generate replicating biopolymers from simple chemicals supplied by meteorites, volcanic gases, and other geological sources. Crystal-chemical modeling yielded packings for amino acids neatly encapsulated in 10-ring channels of the molecular sieve silicalite-ZSM-5-(mutinaite). Calculation of binding and activation energies for catalytic assembly into polymers is progressing for a chemical composition with one catalytic Al-OH site per 25 neutral Si tetrahedral sites. Internal channel intersections and external terminations provide special stereochemical features suitable for complex organic species. Polymer migration along nano/micrometer channels of ancient weathered feldspars, plus exploitation of phosphorus and various transition metals in entrapped apatite and other microminerals, might have generated complexes of replicating catalytic biomolecules, leading to primitive cellular organisms. The first cell wall might have been an internal mineral surface, from which the cell developed a protective biological cap emerging into a nutrient-rich "soup." Ultimately, the biological cap might have expanded into a complete cell wall, allowing mobility and colonization of energy-rich challenging environments. Electron microscopy of honeycomb channels inside weathered feldspars of the Shap granite (northwest England) has revealed modern bacteria, perhaps indicative of Archean ones. All known early rocks were metamorphosed too highly during geologic time to permit simple survival of large-pore zeolites, honeycombed feldspar, and encapsulated species. Possible microscopic clues to the proposed mineral adsorbents/catalysts are discussed for planning of systematic study of black cherts from weakly metamorphosed Archaean sediments. (+info)Structural interpretation of site-directed mutagenesis and specificity of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2 using comparative modelling. (5/1562)
The catalytic subunit of protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2alpha), which has specificity for both ATP and GTP, shows significant amino acid sequence similarity to the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). We constructed site-directed mutants of CK2alpha and used a three-dimensional model to investigate the basis for the dual specificity. Introduction of Phe and Gly at positions 50 and 51, in order to restore the pattern of the glycine-rich motif, did not seriously affect the specificity for ATP or GTP. We show that the dual specificity probably originates from the loop situated around the position His115 to Asp120 (HVNNTD). The insertion of a residue in this loop in CK2 alpha subunits, compared with CDK2 and other kinases, might orient the backbone to interact with the base A and G; this insertion is conserved in all known CK2alpha. The mutant deltaN118, the design of which was based on the modelling, showed reduced affinity for GTP as predicted from the model. Other mutants were intended to probe the integrity of the catalytic loop, alter the polarity of a buried residue and explore the importance of the carboxy terminus. Introduction of Arg to replace Asn189, which is mapped on the activation loop, results in a mutant with decreased k(cat), possibly as a result of disruption of the interaction between this residue and basic residues in the vicinity. Truncation at position 331 eliminates the last 60 residues of the alpha subunit and this mutant has a reduced catalytic efficiency compared with the wild-type. Catalytic efficiency is restored in the truncation mutant by the replacement of a potentially buried Glu at position 252 by Lys, probably owing to a higher stability resulting from the formation of a salt bridge between Lys252 and Asp208. (+info)Molecular dynamics simulation of alpha-lactalbumin and calcium binding c-type lysozyme. (6/1562)
Alpha-lactalbumins (LAs) and c-type lysozymes (LYZs) are two classes of proteins which have a 35-40% sequence homology and share a common three dimensional fold but perform different functions. Lysozymes bind and cleave the glycosidic bond linkage in sugars, where as, alpha-lactalbumin does not bind sugar but participates in the synthesis of lactose. Alpha-lactalbumin is a metallo-protein and binds calcium, where as, only a few of the LYZs bind calcium. These proteins consist of two domains, an alpha-helical and a beta-strand domain, separated by a cleft. Calcium is bound at a loop situated at the bottom of the cleft and is important for the structural integrity of the protein. Calcium is an ubiquitous intracellular signal in higher eukaryotes and structural changes induced on calcium binding have been observed in a number of proteins. In the present study, molecular dynamics simulations of equine LYZ and human LA, with and without calcium, were carried out. We detail the differences in the dynamics of equine LYZ and human LA, and discuss it in the light of experimental data already available and relate it to the behavior of the functionally important regions of both the proteins. These simulations bring out the role of calcium in the conformation and dynamics of these metallo-proteins. In the calcium bound LA, the region of the protein around the calcium binding site is not only frozen but the atomic fluctuations are found to increase away from the binding site and peak at the exposed sites of the protein. This channeling of fluctuations away from the metal binding site could serve as a general mechanism by which the effect of metal binding at a site is transduced to other parts of the protein and could play a key role in protein-ligand and/or protein-protein interaction. (+info)Homogenization and crystallization of histidine ammonia-lyase by exchange of a surface cysteine residue. (7/1562)
Histidase (histidine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.3) from Pseudomonas putida was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. In the absence of thiols the tetrameric enzyme gave rise to undefined aggregates and suitable crystals could not be obtained. The solvent accessibility along the chain was predicted from the amino acid sequence. Among the seven cysteines, only one was labeled as 'solvent-exposed'. The exchange of this cysteine to alanine abolished all undefined aggregations and yielded readily crystals diffracting to 1.8 A resolution. (+info)Iron in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. An in vitro study using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and cryo-electron microscopy. (8/1562)
Iron is found in high concentration in some areas of the brain, and increased iron in the substantia nigra is a feature of Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical environment of brain iron in post-mortem tissue to provide information on the possible role of iron in neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Iron has also been implicated as the cause of signal loss in areas of high brain iron on T2-weighted MRI sequences. Knowledge of the physical environment of the brain iron is essential in interpreting the cause of signal change. Post-mortem tissue was obtained from six cases of Parkinson's disease and from six age-matched controls. Iron levels were measured using absorption spectrophotometry. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure was used to evaluate the atomic environment of iron within the substantia nigra and both segments of the globus pallidus. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy was used to probe the iron storage proteins in these areas. Iron levels were increased in the parkinsonian nigra and lateral portion of the globus pallidus. Spectra from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments showed that ferritin was the only storage protein detectable in both control and parkinsonian tissue in all areas studied. Cryo-electron transmission microscopy studies showed that ferritin was more heavily loaded with iron in Parkinson's disease when compared with age-matched controls. In summary we have shown that iron levels are increased in two areas of the brain in Parkinson's disease including the substantia nigra, the site of maximal neurodegeneration. This produces increased loading of ferritin, which is the normal brain iron storage protein. It is possible that increased loading of ferritin may increase the risk of free radical-induced damage. Differences in ferritin loading may explain regional differences in iron's effect on the T2 signal. (+info)
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Exploring coherent electron excitation and migration dynamics by electron diffraction with ultrashort X-ray pulses - Physical...
An electron diffraction and... - Researchers - ANU
Looking at graphene and other 2d crystals in energy conversion and storage | Graphene News | Graphene Flagship
ccp4bb] Protein Crystallography web course at Birkbeck College
Advancing methods for biomolecular crystallography (電子書, 2013) [WorldCat.org]
Genre: Drafts (documents) / Language: English / Subject: Crystallography, X-Ray - Francis Crick - Profiles in Science Search...
2014-National Seminar on Crystallography - IISER Mohali
Femtosecond electron diffraction: Preparation and characterization of (110)-oriented bismuth films
Crystallography system | Bruker AXS Inc. | BreakthroughProducts | Nov 2007 | BioPhotonics
Symmetry, Spectroscopy, and Crystallography - Robert Glaser - e-bok(9783527684205) | Adlibris Bokhandel
RAPID II: Curved imaging plate chemical crystallography system from Rigaku Corporation | SelectScience
MolProbity Validation &Corrections: for Crystallography, PDB &Biomedicine - David Richardson
Small Molecule Crystallography Starter Kit | MiTeGen
Author Guideliness
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section B Volume 40, Part 5, October 1984
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section B Volume 25, Part 5, May 1969
Ultracold Electron Source for Single-Shot, Ultrafast Electron Diffraction | Microscopy and Microanalysis | Cambridge Core
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Reveals Laser Melting | Presstime Bulletin | Dec 2003 | Photonics Spectra
Post-doctoral Positions in X-ray Crystallography and Computational
Biology
Protein crystallography | Biocenter Oulu
ChemPossible: Worlds fastest electron diffraction snapshots of atomic motions in gases
Orientation imaging microscopy in two-dimensional crystals via undersampled microscopy<...
The molecular structures of dimethyl-, diethyl- and dipropylzinc determined by gas phase electron diffraction. Normal...
British Library EThOS: An investigation of some molecular structures by the method of electron diffraction and a preliminary...
Complex oxide growth using simultaneous in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction and x-ray reflectivity: When is one...
Protein Crystallization & Crystallography Market - Forecast to 2018
Crystallography</span>
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Protein Crystallization and Crystallography Market by Technology & Product - 2018 | MarketsandMarkets
Protein Crystallization and Crystallography Industry by Technology, Products, End-Users, Global Regions Analysis and Forecasts...
October edition of Crystallography Times newsletter is available online | Rigaku
Crystallography Made Crystal Clear: A Guide for Users of Macromolecular Models - Gale Rhodes - Google Books
Global Protein Crystallization & Crystallography Market 2020 Growth Factors, Outlook and Forecast to 2027 - BCFocus
Protein crystallization and crystallography market available in new report - WhaTech
X-ray crystallography technology platform / Protein crystallisation facility - University of Helsinki
Introduction >
...
Ultrafast Electron Microscopy | Department of Materials
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Ultrafast/Electron Beam CT Scan
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Ultrafast/Electron Beam CT Scan
BioXFEL - Resources: 2015 HWI Crystallization Workshop
Proteros Biostructures Expands Successful Protein Crystallography Collaboration With OSI Pharmaceuticals
Graphene teams up with two-dimensional crystals for faster data communications
Looking at graphene and other 2D crystals in energy conversion and storage
Format: Text / Genre: Letters (correspondence) / Subject: Crystallography, X-Ray - Francis Crick - Profiles in Science Search...
3D Crystal Puzzle - Skull (Black) | Wood Puzzles | Puzzle Master Inc
Journal of Applied Crystallography - Feedage - 29619
Neutrons - A New Weapon Against Cancer
Seeing hydrogen atoms to unveil enzyme...
Detection and measurement of local distortions in a semiconductor layered structure by convergent-beam electron diffraction. -...
Download Chemistry Crystallography Organic Physics Science, a. guin...
Download The Crystal Lattice Of Calcium Metaborate
Structural Crystallography of Inorganic Oxysalts - Sergey V. Krivovichev - Oxford University Press
International Tables for Crystallography (), 9781402082078, OKIAN.ro
Protein crystallization prediction with a combined feature set - IEEE Conference Publication
Paulings Rules: Protein Crystals Now Plug N Play | Science 2.0
The repeating group of a crystal is called the
A.
nucleus.
B.
unit cell.
C.
net.
D.
...
Technology - PRO Biostructures
Crystallization of Solid Materials | Ansforce
Overview | The Fass Lab
As a solid, Cr adopts a body-centered cubic unit ... - OpenStudy
Best Answers - Model Activity Task
Crystallography
... is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids. Crystallography is a ... American Crystallographic Association Learning Crystallography Web Course on Crystallography Crystallographic Space Groups (CS1 ... Hence crystallography applies for the most part only to crystals, or to molecules which can be coaxed to crystallize for the ... Crystallography covers the enumeration of the symmetry patterns which can be formed by atoms in a crystal and for this reason ...
Isomorphism (crystallography)
In chemistry isomorphism has meanings both at the level of crystallography and at a molecular level. In crystallography, ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Crystallography, Mineralogy concepts). ... X-Ray Crystallography. University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-77-1. Wells, A.F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry ( ...
Racemic crystallography
... is a technique used in structural biology where crystals of a protein molecule are developed from an ... In molecular crystallography, these arrangements are called 'space groups'. However, only 65 of these arrangements are ... In the first practical application to solving an unknown structure, racemic and quasi-racemic X-ray crystallography were used ... Yan B, Ye L, Xu W, Liu L (September 2017). "Recent advances in racemic protein crystallography". Bioorganic & Medicinal ...
Quantum crystallography
... is a branch of crystallography that investigates crystalline materials within the framework of quantum ... The Erice School of crystallography (52nd course): first course on Quantum crystallography (June 2018) The XIX Sagamore ... The International Union of Crystallography has recently established a commission on Quantum Crystallography, as extension of ... Quantum crystallography involves both experimental and computational work. The theoretical part of quantum crystallography is ...
Electron crystallography
A common problem to X-ray crystallography and electron crystallography is radiation damage, by which especially organic ... Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope ( ... These are more complex than the most complex zeolite structures determined by X-ray crystallography. R Hovden; Y Jiang; HL Xin ... Because of this problem, X-ray crystallography has been much more successful in determining the structure of proteins that are ...
Cosmic crystallography
... is a technique used in physics and astronomy to determine the possible topology of the universe (e.g. a ... September 1996), "Cosmic crystallography", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 313: 339-346, arXiv:gr-qc/9604050, Bibcode:1996A&A...313 ...
Mercury (crystallography)
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). 58 (3): 380-388. doi:10.1107/s0108768102003890. ISSN 0108-7681. Bruno, I. J. " ... "Mercury 4.0: from visualization to analysis, design and prediction" (PDF). Journal of Applied Crystallography. 53: 226. doi: ... Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre Crystallographic Information File International Union of Crystallography Protein Data ... Journal of Applied Crystallography. 39: 453. doi:10.1107/S002188980600731X. "Mercury User Guide and Tutorials" (PDF). ccdc.cam. ...
Crystallography (book)
Crystallography refers to both the science of crystallography and a reanalysis of the word's roots: crystal meaning "clear", ... Crystallography is a book of poetry and prose published in 1994 and revised in 2003 by Canadian author Christian Bök. Based ... and "graph" meaning "writing": Inspired by the etymology of the word "crystallography," such a work represents an act of lucid ... Crystallography. Toronto: Coach House Press, 2003(2nd. Ed.). Writing with images. (n.d.). from http://writingwithimages.com/2-3 ...
Crystallography Reviews
... is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing review articles on all aspects of ... "Crystallography Reviews". 2020 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Sciences ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2021. Official website ... "Crystallography Reviews". Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) (Displaying Record for Publication). American ... Crystallography journals, Publications established in 1987, Taylor & Francis academic journals, All stub articles, Materials ...
Polysome (crystallography)
In crystallography, the term polysome is used to describe overall mineral structures which have structurally and ... v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Crystallography, All stub articles ...
Serial femtosecond crystallography
... (SFX) is a form of X-ray crystallography developed for use at X-ray free-electron lasers ( ... a software suite for snapshot serial crystallography" (PDF). Journal of Applied Crystallography. 45 (2): 335-41. doi:10.1107/ ... March 2014). "Serial crystallography on in vivo grown microcrystals using synchrotron radiation". IUCrJ. 1 (Pt 2): 87-94. doi: ... While the idea of serial crystallography had been proposed earlier, it was first demonstrated with XFELs by Chapman et al. at ...
X-ray crystallography
... allows measuring the size of these oscillations. The technique of single-crystal X-ray crystallography ... Although crystallography can be used to characterize the disorder in an impure or irregular crystal, crystallography generally ... crystallography-are often discerned. Small-molecule crystallography typically involves crystals with fewer than 100 atoms in ... X-ray crystallography is a form of elastic scattering; the outgoing X-rays have the same energy, and thus same wavelength, as ...
Crystallography Open Database
The Crystallography Open Database (COD) is a database of crystal structures. Unlike similar crystallography databases, the ... Crystallography Crystallographic database Gražulis, Saulius; Daškevič Adriana; Merkys Andrius; Chateigner Daniel; Lutterotti ... Oxford Journal - Nucleic Acids Research Crystallography Open Database (COD): an open-access collection of crystal structures ... and contains Crystallographic Information Files as defined by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). There are ...
R-factor (crystallography)
In crystallography, the R-factor (sometimes called residual factor or reliability factor or the R-value or RWork) is a measure ... "R factor". International Union of Crystallography. Retrieved 2013-12-13. Brunger AT (January 1992). "Free R value: a novel ... Patterson function (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Crystallography). ...
Periodic graph (crystallography)
In crystallography, a periodic graph or crystal net is a three-dimensional periodic graph, i.e., a three-dimensional Euclidean ... J. Math., 7: 1-39, doi:10.1007/s11537-012-1144-4 Senechal, M. (1990), "A brief history of geometrical crystallography", in Lima ... Soc., 353: 1-20, doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-00-02632-5 Sunada, T. (2012), Topological crystallography ---With a View Towards ... Faria, J. (ed.), Historical Atlas of Crystallography, Kluwer, pp. 43-59 Wells, A. (1977). Three-dimensional Nets and Polyhedra ...
Time resolved crystallography
... utilizes X-ray crystallography imaging to visualize reactions in four dimensions (x, y, z and ...
Cryo bio-crystallography
... is the application of crystallography to biological macromolecules at cryogenic temperatures. Cryo ... Significant improvement of resolution in data collection Reduced or eliminated radiation damage in crystals Crystallography of ... Ada Yonath (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Crystallography). ... crystallography enables X-ray data collection at cryogenic temperatures, typically 100K. Crystals are transferred from the ...
Direct methods (crystallography)
In crystallography, direct methods are a family of methods for estimating the phases of the Fourier transform of the scattering ... Usón I, Sheldrick GM (1999). "Advances in direct methods for protein crystallography". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 9 (5): 643-8. ... Direct methods (electron microscopy) Phase problem X-ray crystallography "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985". NobelPrize.org. ... Hauptman H (1997). "Phasing methods for protein crystallography". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7 (5): 672-80. doi:10.1016/S0959- ...
Timeline of crystallography
This is a timeline of crystallography. 1723 - Moritz Anton Cappeller introduces the term 'crystallography'. 1766 - Pierre- ... 1979 - The first award of the Gregori Aminoff Prize for a contribution in the field of crystallography is made by the Royal ... 1999 - G. N. Ramachandran wins the fifth IUCr Ewald Prize "for his outstanding contributions to the field of crystallography: ... 2008 - David Sayre wins the eighth IUCr Ewald Prize "for the unique breadth of his contributions to crystallography, which ...
Phase transformation crystallography
... describes the orientation relationship and interface orientation after a phase ... "On the crystallography of precipitation". Progress in Materials Science. 50 (2): 181-292. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2004.04.002. ... Software to calculate transformation crystallography-PTCLab, http://sourceforge.net/projects/tclab/ (Wikipedia articles needing ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance crystallography
... (NMR crystallography) is a method which utilizes primarily NMR spectroscopy to ... In NMR crystallography the observed spins in case of organic molecules would often be spin-1/2 nuclei of moderate frequency (13 ... Unlike in the case of diffraction methods, it appears that NMR crystallography needs to work on a case-by-case basis. This is ... The main interest in NMR crystallography is in microcrystalline materials which are amenable to this method but not to X-ray, ...
Journal of Chemical Crystallography
... is abstracted and indexed in the following databases: Chemical Abstracts Service - CASSI ... The editor-in-chief of Journal of Chemical Crystallography is W.T. Pennington. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the ... "Journal of Chemical Crystallography". Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) (Displaying Record for Publication). ... The Journal of Chemical Crystallography covers crystal chemistry and physics and their relation to problems of molecular ...
International Year of Crystallography
The opening ceremony of the International Year of Crystallography was held in Paris on 20 and 21 January 2014. Many activities ... The International Year of Crystallography (abbreviation: IYCr2014) is an event promoted in the year 2014 by the United Nations ... They include among others the International Union of Crystallography, the European Crystallographic Association, the American ... UNESCO and the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) are responsible for this event. ...
Journal of Applied Crystallography
"A new format and overall appearance for Journal of Applied Crystallography". Journal of Applied Crystallography. 33: 1. doi: ... "Journal of Applied Crystallography". Official website (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... The Journal of Applied Crystallography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the ... The Journal of Applied Crystallography publishes articles on the crystallographic methods that are used to study crystalline ...
International Union of Crystallography
"International Tables for Crystallography". International Tables for Crystallography. International Union of Crystallography. " ... Acta Crystallographica X-ray crystallography Crystallography International Year of Crystallography Open Access Scholarly ... "Crystallography Journals Online". Crystallography Journals Online. The International Union of Crystallography. " ... Ewald, Paul P (ed.). "The Consolidation of the New Crystallography". The International Union of Crystallography. With one very ...
Crystallography and NMR system
CNS or Crystallography and NMR system, is a software library for computational structural biology. It is an offshoot of X-PLOR ... It is used in the fields of X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy of biological macromolecules. Brunger AT, Adams PD, ... Brunger AT (2007). "Version 1.2 of the Crystallography and NMR System" (PDF). Nature Protocols. 2: 2728-2733. doi:10.1038/nprot ... "Crystallography & NMR System (CNS), A new software suite for macromolecular structure determination". Acta Crystallogr D. 54: ...
Heart of Europe Bio-Crystallography Meeting
The Heart of Europe Bio-Crystallography Meeting (short HEC-Meeting) is an annual academic conference on structural biology, in ... Former HEC-Meetings: Mariusz Jaskolski und Michal M. Sikorski: 15 Years of Heart of Europe bio-Crystallography Meetings - ... 4, https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-27/number-4/heart-of-europe-bio-crystallography Website of HEC-16 at the ... particular protein crystallography. Researchers from universities, other research institutions and industry from Austria, Czech ...
Hexagonal crystal family
ISBN 0-471-80580-7. "Crystallography and Minerals Arranged by Crystal Form". Webmineral. "Crystallography". Webmineral.com. ... In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal families, which includes two crystal systems ( ... Jaswon, Maurice Aaron (1965-01-01). An introduction to mathematical crystallography. American Elsevier Pub. Co. De Graef, Marc ... 186 (in International Union of Crystallography classification) or P63mc (in Hermann-Mauguin notation). The Hermann-Mauguin ...
Universal Decimal Classification
Crystallography. Mineralogy 55 Earth sciences. Geological sciences 56 Paleontology 57 Biological sciences in general 58 Botany ... Crystallography. Mineralogy 542 Practical laboratory chemistry. Preparative and experimental chemistry 543 Analytical chemistry ...
Christian Bök
On May 31, 2011, The BBC World Service broadcast Bök reading "The Xenotext." Crystallography. Coach House (1994) ISBN 978-1- ... In 1994, Bök published Crystallography, "a pataphysical encyclopaedia that misreads the language of poetics through the ... Crystallography was reissued in 2003, and was nominated for a Gerald Lampert Award. Bök is a sound poet and has performed an ...
splintery fracture
Crystallography Open Database
Crystallography | Open Library
Success in Crystallography, Step by Step
X-ray crystallography
ID29 SMX - Serial Macromolecular Crystallography
ID29 offers two techniques: MX (macromolecular crystallography) and SMX (serial macromolecular crystallography). ... ID29 is currently being upgraded as part of the EBSL8 project to a new Serial Macromolecular Crystallography Beamline for room ... ID29 is intended for room temperature serial crystallography experiments over a wide energy range (10-25 keV and 35 keV) with ... EH1 - SMX is dedicated to room temperature serial crystallography experiments, EH2 is designed to be a flexible endstation for ...
History: Women in crystallography - NASA/ADS
IUCr) Serial crystallography using synchrotron radiation
The Rotation Method in Crystallography. Amsterdam: North Holland. Google Scholar. Buerger, M. J. (1944). The Photography of the ... Copyright © International Union of Crystallography. Home Contact us Site index About us Partners and site credits Help Terms of ... Synchrotrons started being used for X-ray crystallography in the early 1980s. Synchrotron data gave much cleaner patterns that ... serial femtosecond crystallography or SFX). Thus each image is a `still of a randomly orientated crystal. It is therefore not ...
Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction<...
Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction. / Grey, F.; Feidenhansl, R.. In: Europhys. News, 1988.. Research output: ... Grey, F. ; Feidenhansl, R. / Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction. In: Europhys. News. 1988. ... Grey, F., & Feidenhansl, R. (1988). Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction. Europhys. News. ... Grey, F & Feidenhansl, R 1988, Surface Crystallography by X-Ray Diffraction, Europhys. News. ...
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF METAL CLUSTERS IN TERNARY SUPERCONDUCTORS. - Nokia Bell Labs
Macromolecular Crystallography Group | PXII | Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
X-Ray Crystallography | University of Dundee
X-Ray Crystallography Determining the atomic three dimensional structures of large biological molecules, to link protein ... The X-ray Crystallography Facility provides instrumentation and expertise to help researchers crystallize biological ... macromolecules and determine their three-dimensional structures by X-ray crystallography. To aid crystallisation we have access ...
Raman-assisted crystallography reveals end-on peroxide intermediates in a nonheme iron enzyme
José BARRENECHEA | Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid | UCM | Department of Mineralogy and Crystallography
How We Work | Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography
Rigor and reproducibility are crucial to your research aims, and they are becoming greater factors in securing critical grant funding opportunities. There are eight steps to Rigorous and Reproducible Experiments in Biomolecular Research at UNC:. 1. If using a core facility, consult with the core staff in the planning stage. Consult with a statistician if you need help developing a Power Analysis to assure that your results will be adequately powered.. 2. Design your experiment with sufficient controls (rigor) and replicates (reproducibility).. 3. Assure that ALL of your reagents (antibodies, cell lines, mice) are fully validated (see below).. 4. Have a clear and detailed protocol (SOP) and data analysis plan that can be easily followed. Assure that the protocol is strictly followed or that any deviation is well documented.. 5. Assure that the staff or students performing the experiment are well trained and understand each step and the importance of performing them precisely (rigor again).. 6. ...
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Data Collection | Biomolecular X-ray Crystallography Facility | University of Colorado Boulder
International Tables for Crystallography) Overview
Beamline Team - Macromolecular crystallography | ANSTO
Injector-based room-temperature serial crystallography of a membrane protein using synchrotron radiation
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as pursued at X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources relies mainly on injectors ... Lipidic cubic phase serial millisecond crystallography using synchrotron radiation, P. Nogly (a), D. James (b), D. Wang (b), T. ... To demonstrate how serial crystallography, developed in femtosecond timescales at X-ray free electron laser sources, can be ... These results suggest that synchrotron based serial crystallography with fast and sensitive state-of-the-art detectors ...
Advanced Chemical Crystallography - Application Training | Bruker
Citing a Interview in ACTA-CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA-SECTION-D-BIOLOGICAL-CRYSTALLOGRAPHY | Citation Machine
International tables for crystallography in SearchWorks catalog
Happy hour for time-resolved crystallography | EMBL
Happy hour for time-resolved crystallography. Researchers from Hamburg simplify time-resolved X-ray crystallography ... One method that illuminates them is time-resolved X-ray crystallography, where the reaction of a biological molecule is ... allowing many more researchers to carry out time-resolved crystallography studies. ... method has already been implemented as a generally accessible option at the new time-resolved macromolecular crystallography ...
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY | Rigaku Global Website
33rd European Conference of Crystallography ECM33 | French national synchrotron facility
Corentin won the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) "Applied Crystallography" Poster Prize for his poster "In situ ... The 33rdedition of the European Crystallography Conference (ECM33) has just come to an end after five days of effervescent ... Corentin CHATELIER, second on the left side, winner of the poster prize IUCr « Applied Crystallography » ... and the 50th anniversary of the European Crystallography Meetings, before the gala dinner on a cruise on the Seine. ...
Protein Crystallization and Crystallography Market - Report Methodology | Future Market Insights
Protein Crystallization and Crystallography Market. Protein Crystallization and Crystallography Market by Product Type, ... Market Insights on Protein Crystallization and Crystallography covering sales outlook, demand forecast & up-to-date key trends ... Which are the positive and negative factors impacting the Protein Crystallization and Crystallography Market ...
Persons tagged with «protein crystallography» - Department of Biosciences
Persons tagged with «protein crystallography» Name. Phone. E-mail. Tags. Hatlem, Daniel Senior Executive Officer [email protected] ... protein crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, structural biology Hersleth, Hans-Petter Senior Lecturer +47 ... structural biology, biochemistry, enzymology, protein crystallography, protein structure, diffraction, spectroscopy, Life ...
Three-dimensional electron crystallography of protein microcrystals | eLife
Electron crystallography is similar to X-ray crystallography in that a protein crystal scatters a beam to produce a diffraction ... 5) Did the authors try a standard indexing programs used in X-ray crystallography? It is curious why a new indexing program was ... X-ray crystallography has been used to work out the atomic structure of a large number of proteins. In a typical X-ray ... 1998) Crystallography & NMR system: a new software suite for macromolecular structure determination Acta Crystallogr D Biol ...
IUCrDiffractionProteinMacromolecularRoom temperature serial crystallographyInternational Year of CrystallographyEuropean Crystallography MeetingTables for crystallographyQuantum CrystallographyElectron crystallographySynchrotron radiationSerialStructuralInstrumentationFacilityCrystalsMunksgaardTime resolvedCrystallographersScienceStructuresResearchChemistryChemicalJournalStructureReactionSubjectResolutionPersonsScientific
IUCr1
- Welcome to the Online Dictionary of Crystallography (the ODC) maintained by the Commission for Crystallographic Nomenclature (CCN) of the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). (iucr.org)
Diffraction5
- In a typical X-ray crystallography experiment, a beam of X-rays is directed at a protein crystal, which scatters some of the X-ray photons to produce a diffraction pattern. (elifesciences.org)
- Electron crystallography is similar to X-ray crystallography in that a protein crystal scatters a beam to produce a diffraction pattern. (elifesciences.org)
- By reducing the electron dose by a factor of 200, it was possible to collect up to 90 diffraction patterns from the same, very small, three-dimensional crystal, and then-similar to what happens in X-ray crystallography-work backwards to figure out the structure of the protein. (elifesciences.org)
- To commemorate the International Year of Crystallography and also the centennial year of X-ray diffraction, the Indian Crystallography Association has planned to organize three National Seminars on Crystallography across the country. (iycr2014.org)
- Crystallography: Introduction, Symmetry, Diffraction. (iiserkol.ac.in)
Protein9
- To demonstrate how serial crystallography, developed in femtosecond timescales at X-ray free electron laser sources, can be implemented on a millisecond timescale at a synchrotron radiation source, membrane protein microcrystals in lipidic cubic phase have been injected into a X-ray microbeam. (esrf.fr)
- Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as pursued at X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources relies mainly on injectors delivering the sample, such as protein microcrystals, in a fluid medium to pulsed X-rays. (esrf.fr)
- We demonstrate that it is feasible to determine high-resolution protein structures by electron crystallography of three-dimensional crystals in an electron cryo-microscope (CryoEM). (elifesciences.org)
- demonstrated the feasibility of the MicroED approach by using it to determine the structure of lysozyme, which is widely used as a test protein in crystallography, with a resolution of 2.9 Å. (elifesciences.org)
- Teams from Rigaku UK and Rigaku Europe SE in Germany attended the event, representing both materials and protein crystallography. (technologynetworks.com)
- The Protein Crystallography Unit at Karolinska Institutet, led by Dr. Luca Jovine, has now determined the structure of the most conserved part of this building block, the ZP-N domain. (expertsvar.se)
- Femtosecond time resolved pump-probe protein X-ray crystallography requires highly accurate measurements of the photoinduced structure factor amplitude differences. (rsc.org)
- We offer a complete range of protein crystallography equipment from benchtop to floor standing systems. (wirsam.com)
- Heterogeneity and Inaccuracy in Protein Structures Solved by X-Ray Crystallography. (uni-konstanz.de)
Macromolecular8
- ID29 is currently being upgraded as part of the EBSL8 project to a new Serial Macromolecular Crystallography Beamline for room temperature and time resolved studies. (esrf.fr)
- ID29 offers two techniques: MX (macromolecular crystallography) and SMX (serial macromolecular crystallography). (esrf.fr)
- Please don't hesitate to contact any of the Macromolecular crystallography team. (ansto.gov.au)
- The High Performance Macromolecular Crystallography MX3 beamline is one of the upcoming Project BR-GHT Beamlines and is in the development stages. (ansto.gov.au)
- These results suggest that synchrotron based serial crystallography with fast and sensitive state-of-the-art detectors operating in the kHz range could well develop into a powerful method for macromolecular crystal structure determination that is complementary regarding timescales ( i.e. femtoseconds vs. milliseconds) with SFX applications. (esrf.fr)
- The LAMA method has already been implemented as a generally accessible option at the new time-resolved macromolecular crystallography end station on the EMBL beamline P14-2 at the PETRA III synchrotron at DESY. (embl.org)
- The Macromolecular Crystallography (MX) team at PSI is responsible for the development and operation of three MX beamlines and a crystallization facility at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) and for serial crystallography at both large research infrastructures SLS and SwissFEL. (myscience.be)
- Biophysical methods such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, analytical ultra-centrifugation (AUC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are being used to study the molecular and structural basis of macromolecular functions. (iitkgp.ac.in)
Room temperature serial crystallography2
- ID29 is intended for room temperature serial crystallography experiments over a wide energy range (10-25 keV and 35 keV) with an extremely high flux density. (esrf.fr)
- EH1 - SMX is dedicated to room temperature serial crystallography experiments, EH2 is designed to be a flexible endstation for developing and prototyping new methods. (esrf.fr)
International Year of Crystallography1
- Partner with UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the International Year of Crystallography 2014. (iucr.org)
European Crystallography Meeting2
- The 29th European Crystallography Meeting will be held in Rovinj, Croatia from 23-28 August 2015. (technologynetworks.com)
- Basel will held the 30th European Crystallography Meeting, ECM-30 , from 28 August until 1 September 2016. (ecanews.org)
Tables for crystallography1
- There is no formal review process, so if an entry in the ODC differs from a similar definition in one of the volumes of the International Tables for Crystallography the latter is the more authoritative source. (iucr.org)
Quantum Crystallography1
- New developments in quantum crystallography offer a remedy. (univ-lorraine.fr)
Electron crystallography1
- report a new approach to electron crystallography that works with very small three-dimensional crystals. (elifesciences.org)
Synchrotron radiation1
- Excitingly, this new method has great potential on existing and up-coming high-brilliance synchrotron radiation sources, allowing many more researchers to carry out time-resolved crystallography studies. (embl.org)
Serial2
- These improvements will further enable serial microsecond crystallography, offering interesting opportunities for room-temperature kinetics studies, e.g. via laser excitation. (esrf.fr)
- We introduce a liquid application method for time-resolved analyses (LAMA), an in situ mixing approach for serial crystallography. (rcsb.org)
Structural1
- X-ray Crystallography and NMR: Complementary Views of Structure and Dynamics, Nature Structural Biology 4, 862-865 (1997). (uni-konstanz.de)
Instrumentation1
- The X-ray Crystallography Facility provides instrumentation and expertise to help researchers crystallize biological macromolecules and determine their three-dimensional structures by X-ray crystallography. (dundee.ac.uk)
Facility1
- The Electron Microscopy and Crystallography Platform is an open access facility at the CIC bio GUNE. (cicbiogune.es)
Crystals2
- The crystals used for X-ray crystallography must be large to withstand the damage caused by repeated exposure to the X-ray beam. (elifesciences.org)
- If you need more information please contact the developers of CRYSTALS (Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Oxford), or check out their product website. (file-extensions.org)
Munksgaard2
Time resolved1
- One method that illuminates them is time-resolved X-ray crystallography, where the reaction of a biological molecule is triggered and then snapshots are taken as it reacts. (embl.org)
Crystallographers2
- At the meeting, crystallographers and researchers with interests in crystallography and crystal growth met to share their scientific views and new achievements. (technologynetworks.com)
- The International Union of Crystallography is a non-profit scientific union serving the world-wide interests of crystallographers and other scientists employing crystallographic methods. (iucr.org)
Science1
- The big data ecosystem for science: X-ray crystallography - Jan 19, 2017. (kdnuggets.com)
Structures1
- The three-dimensional structures of the magnesium- and manganese-bound forms of calbindin D(9k) were determined to 1.6 Å and 1.9 Å resolution, respectively, using X-ray crystallography. (ruc.dk)
Research2
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded David H. Mao of the Geophysical Laboratory the Gregori Aminoff Prize in Crystallography 2005 "for pioneering research of materials at ultrahigh pressures and temperatures. (anl.gov)
- Research into the pathogenesis of based in part on x-ray crystallography. (cdc.gov)
Chemistry4
- Optical Mineralogy:Introduction to Optics, Optical Crystallography & Crystal Chemistry. (iiserkol.ac.in)
- F.D. Bloss, Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, (1971). (iiserkol.ac.in)
- The article describes a course in undergraduate solid state chemistry that integrates the main concepts of crystallography which is also considered as an attempt to create a course in applied crystallography. (stanford.edu)
- The experience of teaching this course proved that the merging of chemistry and crystallography is synergistic. (stanford.edu)
Chemical1
- This course is designed for experienced users of the Bruker D8 QUEST or D8 VENTURE systems for X-ray crystal structure determination (chemical crystallography). (bruker.com)
Journal1
- Journal of Applied Crystallography [electronic resource]. (who.int)
Structure5
- X-ray crystallography has been used to work out the atomic structure of a large number of proteins. (elifesciences.org)
- Elucidating the medium-resolution structure of ribosomal particles: an interplay between electron cryo-microscopy and X-ray crystallography. (uni-konstanz.de)
- In 1952, a young female scientist Rosalind Franklin at Kings' College London took the first known picture of DNA in its helical structure using x-ray crystallography. (soci.org)
- The structure and absolute configuration has been confirmed with single crystal X-ray crystallography. (who.int)
- The structure of the IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeat domain, bound to a partially truncated NF-kappaB heterodimer (p50/ p65), has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.7 A resolution. (embl.de)
Reaction1
- We then pierce the molecular secret of their reaction by looking at them with X-ray crystallography, which means that we have to crystallize the enzymes, and use X-ray to get their pictures. (mpi-bremen.de)
Subject1
- During the subsequent days, June 9-10, there will be a symposium on a theme in crystallography related to the subject of the award. (anl.gov)
Resolution1
- Using high-resolution X-ray crystallography, we show that the SH3 domain in the Shank family has lost its canonical ligand-binding site. (uib.no)
Persons1
- Named after Gregori Aminoff, the pioneering Swedish crystallographer, the prize is given annually to recognized scientists, or to a group of no more than three persons of international distinction, who have made a major contribution to crystallography. (anl.gov)
Scientific2
- The 33rdedition of the European Crystallography Conference (ECM33) has just come to an end after five days of effervescent scientific meetings, in a renovated congress venue, in the immediate vicinity of "her majesty" the Château de Versailles. (synchrotron-soleil.fr)
- ECM-30 will be a four-day vibrant and intensive scientific meeting with many learning opportunities in every current aspect of crystallography. (ecanews.org)