AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumCryptosporidium parvumCoccidiaSwimming PoolsDiarrheaWater SupplyFecesParomomycinDisease OutbreaksOocystsGiardiasisAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsDNA, ProtozoanLung Diseases, ParasiticAmebicidesRecreationCoccidiostatsAntiparasitic AgentsRNA, Ribosomal, 18SParasite Egg CountWater PollutionWater MicrobiologySeasonsZoonosesWater PurificationCoccidiosisCyclosporaAntibodies, ProtozoanEnterocytozoonWaterIntestinal Diseases, ParasiticDrinking WaterHealth ResortsIsosporaCyclosporiasisAntigens, ProtozoanWisconsinImmunocompromised HostFood ParasitologyImmunocompetenceFresh WaterSchools, VeterinaryHaitiPopulation SurveillanceAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeCattle DiseasesWyomingRainMedlinePlusGross Domestic ProductNational Library of Medicine (U.S.)Soil
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.
Cryptosporidium
A genus of coccidian parasites of the family CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, found in the intestinal epithelium of many vertebrates including humans.
Cryptosporidium parvum
A species of parasitic protozoa that infects humans and most domestic mammals. Its oocysts measure five microns in diameter. These organisms exhibit alternating cycles of sexual and asexual reproduction.
Coccidia
A subclass of protozoans commonly parasitic in the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract but also found in the liver and other organs. Its organisms are found in both vertebrates and higher invertebrates and comprise two orders: EIMERIIDA and EUCOCCIDIIDA.
Swimming Pools
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.
Water Supply
Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Paromomycin
An oligosaccharide antibiotic produced by various STREPTOMYCES.
Disease Outbreaks
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Oocysts
Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA LAMBLIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
DNA, Protozoan
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.
Lung Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).
Amebicides
Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man and animal.
Recreation
Activity engaged in for pleasure.
Coccidiostats
Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.
Antiparasitic Agents
Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Parasite Egg Count
Determination of parasite eggs in feces.
Water Pollution
Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)
Water Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Seasons
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.
Water Purification
Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.
Coccidiosis
Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA.
Cyclospora
A genus of coccidian parasites in the family EIMERIIDAE. Cyclospora cayetanensis is pathogenic in humans, probably transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and causes nausea and diarrhea.
Antibodies, Protozoan
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.
Enterocytozoon
A genus of parasitic FUNGI in the family Enterocytozoonidae, which infects humans. Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been found in the intestines of patients with AIDS.
Water
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.
Drinking Water
Water that is intended to be ingested.
Health Resorts
Isospora
A genus of protozoan parasites found in the intestines of birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, including man. The oocysts produce two sporocysts, each with four sporozoites. Many species are parasitic in wild and domestic animals.
Cyclosporiasis
Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus CYCLOSPORA. It is distributed globally and causes a diarrheal illness. Transmission is waterborne.
Antigens, Protozoan
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.
Wisconsin
Immunocompromised Host
A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.
Food Parasitology
The presence of parasites in food and food products. For the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food, FOOD MICROBIOLOGY is available.
Immunocompetence
The ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by antigen.
Fresh Water
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
Schools, Veterinary
Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of veterinary medicine.
Haiti
A republic in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is Port-au-Prince. With the Dominican Republic it forms the island of Hispaniola - Haiti occupying the western third and the Dominican Republic, the eastern two thirds. Haiti belonged to France from 1697 until its rule was challenged by slave insurrections from 1791. It became a republic in 1820. It was virtually an American protectorate from 1915 to 1934. It adopted its present constitution in 1964 and amended it in 1971. The name may represent either of two Caribbean words, haiti, mountain land, or jhaiti, nest. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p481 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p225)
Population Surveillance
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.
Cattle Diseases
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
Wyoming
Rain
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
MedlinePlus
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.
Gross Domestic Product
Value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year.
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
An agency of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to advancement of medical and related sciences. Major activities of this institute include the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information important to the progress of medicine and health, research in medical informatics and support for medical library development.
Soil
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Cryptosporidium, enterocytozoon, and cyclospora infections in pediatric and adult patients with diarrhea in Tanzania. (1/928)

Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, and cyclosporiasis were studied in four groups of Tanzanian inpatients: adults with AIDS-associated diarrhea, children with chronic diarrhea (of whom 23 of 59 were positive [+] for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), children with acute diarrhea (of whom 15 of 55 were HIV+), and HIV control children without diarrhea. Cryptosporidium was identified in specimens from 6/86 adults, 5/59 children with chronic diarrhea (3/5, HIV+), 7/55 children with acute diarrhea (0/7, HIV+), and 0/20 control children. Among children with acute diarrhea, 7/7 with cryptosporidiosis were malnourished, compared with 10/48 without cryptosporidiosis (P < .01). Enterocytozoon was identified in specimens from 3/86 adults, 2/59 children with chronic diarrhea (1 HIV+), 0/55 children with acute diarrhea, and 4/20 control children. All four controls were underweight (P < .01). Cyclospora was identified in specimens from one adult and one child with acute diarrhea (HIV-). Thus, Cryptosporidium was the most frequent and Cyclospora the least frequent pathogen identified. Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon were associated with malnutrition. Asymptomatic fecal shedding of Enterocytozoon in otherwise healthy, HIV children has not been described previously.  (+info)

Cytokine profile induced by Cryptosporidium antigen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immunocompetent and immunosuppressed persons with cryptosporidiosis. (2/928)

The proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to a crude extract from Cryptosporidium parvum (CCE) was studied in persons who acquired cryptosporidiosis in the same outbreak (15 immunocompetent subjects with prior cryptosporidiosis and 22 human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-positive persons with various levels of immunosuppression and active cryptosporidiosis) and in individual patients (8 HIV-positive patients with active cryptosporidiosis and 15 HIV-positive persons without history of cryptosporidiosis). PBMC from HIV-positive persons showed less proliferation to CCE and mitogens than did PBMC from immunocompetent subjects with prior cryptosporidiosis, independent of CD4 cell count. In immunocompetent subjects, cytokine gene expression was consistent with cytokine production, whereas in HIV-positive subjects it was not. The production of interferon-gamma in CCE-stimulated PBMC from both immunocompetent and HIV-positive subjects with cryptosporidiosis and the lack of interferon-gamma in CCE-stimulated PBMC from HIV-positive subjects without cryptosporidiosis indicate that C. parvum mainly induces a Th1 response.  (+info)

Identification of Cryptosporidium felis in a cow by morphologic and molecular methods. (3/928)

Apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parasites infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. While some species are limited to a single host group, such as Cryptosporidium baileyi, which infects chickens, other species of this genus, such as C. parvum, infect a wide range of mammalian species from mice to humans. During an investigation of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle on a farm in northern Poland, we identified an infection caused by C. felis, in addition to known infections with C. muris and C. parvum. This new infection was identified based on the size of the oocysts (mean size, 4.3 +/- 0.4 micrometer; range, 3.5 to 5.0 micrometer), as well as by analysis of the molecular sequence of the variable region of the small-subunit rRNA. This finding demonstrates the complex host specificity and circulation in the environment of Cryptosporidium species.  (+info)

Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus. (4/928)

Biological data support the hypothesis that there are multiple species in the genus Cryptosporidium, but a recent analysis of the available genetic data suggested that there is insufficient evidence for species differentiation. In order to resolve the controversy in the taxonomy of this parasite genus, we characterized the small-subunit rRNA genes of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium baileyi, Cryptosporidium muris, and Cryptosporidium serpentis and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Cryptosporidium. Our study revealed that the genus Cryptosporidium contains the phylogenetically distinct species C. parvum, C. muris, C. baileyi, and C. serpentis, which is consistent with the biological characteristics and host specificity data. The Cryptosporidium species formed two clades, with C. parvum and C. baileyi belonging to one clade and C. muris and C. serpentis belonging to the other clade. Within C. parvum, human genotype isolates and guinea pig isolates (known as Cryptosporidium wrairi) each differed from bovine genotype isolates by the nucleotide sequence in four regions. A C. muris isolate from cattle was also different from parasites isolated from a rock hyrax and a Bactrian camel. Minor differences were also detected between C. serpentis isolates from snakes and lizards. Based on the genetic information, a species- and strain-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism diagnostic tool was developed.  (+info)

beta-tubulin mRNA as a marker of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. (5/928)

Determining the viability of waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts remains a technical challenge. rRNA and mRNA were evaluated in a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay as potential markers of oocyst viability. The rationale for this approach is the rapid turnover and postmortem decay of cellular RNA. The beta-tubulin mRNA and an anonymous mRNA transcript were chosen as potential markers because they are the only mRNA species in C. parvum known to possess introns. This feature facilitated the distinction between genuine RT-PCR products and PCR products originating from copurifying DNA. Prolonged incubation at room temperature of initially viable oocysts resulted in a gradual decrease in mRNA levels, which correlated with the loss of oocyst infectivity to neonatal mice. In contrast, oocysts stored at 4 degrees C for over 39 weeks maintained their infectivity and displayed no decrease in the level of beta-tubulin RT-PCR product. The postmortem decay of two mRNA species demonstrates that RT-PCR analysis can provide information on the viability of C. parvum oocysts. The methodological similarity between PCR detection and RT-PCR viability analysis could facilitate the development of a combined detection and viability assay.  (+info)

Age-dependent resistance to Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) infection in golden hamsters and mice. (6/928)

An age-dependent aspect of resistance to Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) infection was monitored in Syrian golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, at 1-, 5- and 10-week of age and in ICR mice. Mus musculus, at 3-, 12-, and 15-week of age orally inoculated with a single dose of 2 x 10(6) oocysts, respectively. The prepatent periods for both animals were similar, independent of age, but the patency was significantly longer in younger hamsters (P < 0.001) and a long tendency in younger mice. Hamsters infected at 1-week of age excreted about 10 times higher oocysts than those at 5- and 10-week of age. However, the total oocyst output was similar among mice of different ages. There was a good correlation between the length of the patency and the total oocyst output in hamsters (R = 0.9646), but not in mice (R = 0.4561). The immunogenicity of the parasite to homologous challenge infections was very strong in hamsters and relatively strong in mice. These results indicate that acquired resistance to C. muris infection is age-related and the innate resistance is independent of age of hamsters, and that both innate and acquired resistance, on the contrary, are irrespective of age of mice.  (+info)

Use of a sentinel system for field measurements of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inactivation in soil and animal waste. (7/928)

A small-volume sentinel chamber was developed to assess the effects of environmental stresses on survival of sucrose-Percoll-purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in soil and animal wastes. Chambers were tested for their ability to equilibrate with external chemical and moisture conditions. Sentinel oocysts were then exposed to stresses of the external environment that affected their viability (potential infectivity), as indicated by results of a dye permeability assay. Preliminary laboratory experiments indicated that temperatures between 35 and 50 degrees C and decreases in soil water potential (-0.003 to -3.20 MPa) increased oocyst inactivation rates. The effects of two common animal waste management practices on oocyst survival were investigated on three dairy farms in Delaware County, N.Y., within the New York City watershed: (i) piling wastes from dairy youngstock (including neonatal calves) and (ii) spreading wastes as a soil amendment on an agricultural field. Sentinel containers filled with air-dried and sieved (2-mm mesh) youngstock waste or field soil were wetted and inoculated with 2 million oocysts in an aqueous suspension and then placed in waste piles on two different farms and in soil within a cropped field on one farm. Controls consisted of purified oocysts in either phosphate-buffered saline or distilled water contained in sealed microcentrifuge tubes. Two microdata loggers recorded the ambient temperature at each field site. Sentinel experiments were conducted during the fall and winter (1996 to 1997) and winter (1998). Sentinel containers and controls were removed at 2- to 4-week intervals, and oocysts were extracted and tested by the dye permeability assay. The proportions of potentially infective oocysts exposed to the soil and waste pile material decreased more rapidly than their counterpart controls exposed to buffer or water, indicating that factors other than temperature affected oocyst inactivation in the waste piles and soil. The effect of soil freeze-thaw cycles was evident in the large proportion of empty sentinel oocysts. The potentially infective sentinel oocysts were reduced to <1% while the proportions in controls did not decrease below 50% potentially infective during the first field experiment. Microscopic observations of empty oocyst fragments indicated that abrasive effects of soil particles were a factor in oocyst inactivation. A similar pattern was observed in a second field experiment at the same site.  (+info)

CpABC, a Cryptosporidium parvum ATP-binding cassette protein at the host-parasite boundary in intracellular stages. (8/928)

The intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium parvum develops inside a vacuole at the apex of its epithelial host cell. The developing parasite is separated from the host cell cytoplasm by a zone of attachment that consists of an extensively folded membranous structure known as the feeder organelle. It has been proposed that the feeder organelle is the site of regulation of transport of nutrients and drugs into the parasite. In this report, we localize an approximately 200-kDa integral membrane protein, CpABC, from Cryptosporidium parvum to the host-parasite boundary, possibly the feeder organelle. The predicted amino acid sequence of CpABC has significant structural similarity with the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator and the multidrug resistance protein subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins. This is an example of a parasite-encoded transport protein localized at the parasite-host interface of an intracellular protozoan.  (+info)

Update: Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Update: Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
In November 1982, 21 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and severe, protracted diarrhea caused by cryptosporidiosis were reported; the report concluded that no effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis was known at that time (1). Since then, 91 additional AIDS patients with chronic cryptosporidiosis have been reported to CDC. Although no therapy has been consistently effective in treating them, preliminary reports suggest that a few may have responded to treatment with spiramycin (Rovamycine,* Rhone-Poulenc Pharma, Montreal) or the combination of quinine and clindamycin. Since December 1982, physicians at the University of Miami, Florida, have used spiramycin to treat seven AIDS patients with chronic cryptosporidiosis; six other AIDS patients with cryptosporidiosis have been treated with spiramycin at five other institutions; and one non-AIDS patient with chronic cryptosporidiosis associated with a bone marrow transplant has received the drug. Thirteen of the 14 patients ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000296.htm
Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis Decline after Membrane Filtration of Public Water Supplies, England, 1996-2002 - Volume 11, Number 2...
The incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest England before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. A national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the United Kingdom. In a Poisson regression model, membrane filtration was associated with an estimated 79% reduction (incidence ratio 0.207, 95% confidence intervals 0.099-0.431, p &lt; 0.0001) after adjustment for the interval of the foot and mouth disease epidemic and the water source. Despite the confounding effect of that epidemic, membrane filtration of the public water supply was effective in reducing the risk for sporadic human Cryptosporidium infection in this population.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/2/04-0274_article
Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance - United States, 2009-2010Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance - United States, 2009-2010
National surveillance data are used to help characterize the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in the United States. In 2009 and 2010, the total number and rate of cases reported annually decreased from that of 2007, but represent a marked increase compared with annual statistics before 2005 (Figure 1). Whether the persistently elevated annual case counts and rates reflect changes in diagnostic testing practices, reporting patterns, or a change in infection and disease caused by Cryptosporidium remains unclear. The increased annual number of reported cases and rates during 2005-2010 might be the result of an increase in the number of communitywide and large (e.g., ,1,000 cases) cryptosporidiosis outbreaks (24,43-51). Further, 2009 and 2010 had the lowest annual proportion of cases reported to be associated with detected cryptosporidiosis outbreaks since national reporting began in 1995 (32-35). This coincided with a decrease in the number of reported communitywide and large cryptosporidiosis ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6105a1.htm
Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in HIV- infected individuals - a global perspective - UM Research RepositoryEpidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in HIV- infected individuals - a global perspective - UM Research Repository
Cryptosporidiosis, resulting from infection with the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium, is a significant opportunistic disease among HIV-infected individuals. With multiple routes of infection due to the recalcitrant nature of its infectious stage in the environment, the formulation of effective and practical control strategies for cryptosporidiosis must be based on a firm understanding of its epidemiology. Prevalence data and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in HIV-infected individuals is currently available from numerous countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America, and it is clear that significant differences exist between developing and developed regions. This review highlights the current global status of Cryptosporidium infections among HIV-infected individuals, and puts forth a contextual framework for the development of integrated surveillance and control programs for cryptosporidiosis in immune compromised patients. Given that there are few specific ...
http://eprints.um.edu.my/10548/
Long-term Cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in England...
To improve understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis, over 8,000 Cryptosporidium isolates were submitted for typing to the species level over a four year period. The majority were either Cryptosporidium parvum (45.9%)
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Long-term-Cryptosporidium-typing-reveals/19161717.html
Figure 3 - The Elderly and Waterborne Cryptosporidium Infection: Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations before and during the 1993...
We used the Temporal Exposure Response Surfaces modeling technique to examine the association between gastroenteritis-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations in the elderly and drinking water turbidity before and during the 1993 Milwaukee waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak. Before the outbreak, the rate of such events increased with age in the elderly (p&lt;0.002), suggesting that the elderly are at an increased risk. During the outbreak, strong associations between turbidity and gastroenteritis-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations occurred at temporal lags of 5-6 days (consistent with the Cryptosporidium incubation period). A pronounced second wave of these illnesses in the elderly peaked at 13 days. This wave represented approximately 40% of all excess cases in the elderly. Our findings suggest that the elderly had an increased risk of severe disease due to Cryptosporidium infection, with a shorter incubation period than has been previously reported in all adults and with
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/4/02-0260-f3
Treatment of Chronic Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS Patients - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govTreatment of Chronic Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS Patients - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Cryptosporidium parvum, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is a frequent cause of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Highly effective antiparasitic treatment for this infection is not currently available. Paromomycin and azithromycin have some efficacy and have been used in combination in a small number of patients. Immune reconstitution with highly active antiretroviral therapy appears to be the most effective therapy, but this is not possible for all patients. Interferon gamma expression is strongly associated with control of cryptosporidiosis, and IL-12 is the cytokine primarily responsible for stimulation of interferon gamma expression in vivo. It is hoped that treatment with recombinant human IL-12 can result in stimulation of an intestinal cytokine response in AIDS patients with cryptosporidiosis and that response combined with chemotherapy can lead to the elimination of detectable numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts from the ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001128?order=57
Treatment of Chronic Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS Patients - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govTreatment of Chronic Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS Patients - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Cryptosporidium parvum, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is a frequent cause of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Highly effective antiparasitic treatment for this infection is not currently available. Paromomycin and azithromycin have some efficacy and have been used in combination in a small number of patients. Immune reconstitution with highly active antiretroviral therapy appears to be the most effective therapy, but this is not possible for all patients. Interferon gamma expression is strongly associated with control of cryptosporidiosis, and IL-12 is the cytokine primarily responsible for stimulation of interferon gamma expression in vivo. It is hoped that treatment with recombinant human IL-12 can result in stimulation of an intestinal cytokine response in AIDS patients with cryptosporidiosis and that response combined with chemotherapy can lead to the elimination of detectable numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts from the ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001128?order=10
Prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0-5 years attending the Limbe...Prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0-5 years attending the Limbe...
Cryptosporidiosis is a pathological condition caused by infection with coccidian protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. So far, no data has been published on its prevalence among children with diarrhea in Cameroon. This study was therefore, designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0-5 years suffering from diarrhea and being attended to at the Limbe Regional Hospital. The study was a hospital based analytical cross-sectional study involving children within the ages 0-5 years (n = 112) hospitalized or consulted in the pediatric departments of the hospital between April 2018 and May 2018. Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method, and microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium infection. A total of 112 participants were recruited out of which 67 presented with diarrhea. A high prevalence 9/67 (13.40%) of
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7484-8
Symptoms and transmission of intestinal cryptosporidiosis. | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodSymptoms and transmission of intestinal cryptosporidiosis. | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Cryptosporidium spp are a cause of diarrhoea in toddlers. Symptoms and routes of transmission were investigated in a prospective case-control study in the city and surroundings of Basel, Switzerland. Twenty one (4.6%) out of 455 children with diarrhoea who attended paediatric and general practices from June to September 1988 were positive for cryptosporidium. The mothers of each case, of two controls with diarrhoea of another origin, and of two healthy controls were interviewed with a standardised questionnaire. In comparison with controls with diarrhoea of another origin, respiratory symptoms were significantly more frequent in children with cryptosporidiosis: eight of 19 (42%) compared with five of 38 (13%). In comparison with healthy controls, preceding contact with a person suffering from diarrhoea was associated with the greatest relative risk for cryptosporidiosis, followed by travel in a Mediterranean country. Transient cryptosporidial infection of the respiratory tract may be common in ...
https://adc.bmj.com/content/65/4/445
Cryptosporidiosis in Ruminants: Update and Current Therapeutic Approaches | Science PublicationsCryptosporidiosis in Ruminants: Update and Current Therapeutic Approaches | Science Publications
Cryptosporidium species causes asymptomatic or mild to severe gastrointestinal disease in their broad range of host species. These host species include humans, domestic and wild animals worldwide. The importance of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants has been emphasised in recent years for not only mortality, delayed growth and economic losses in the farm but also zoonotic importance. So more than 200 substances have been tested against cryptosporidiosis, but none of them was able to eliminate the infection consistently. This article will focus on therapeutic interventions in neonatal ruminants against cryptosporidiosis including perspectives for new drugs.
http://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajavsp.2017.96.103
Cryptosporidiosis, 2014: DCN - Minnesota Dept. of HealthCryptosporidiosis, 2014: DCN - Minnesota Dept. of Health
During 2014, 337 cases of cryptosporidiosis (6.2 per 100,000 population) were reported. This is 11% higher than the median number of cases reported annually from 2004 to 2013 (median, 304.5 cases; range, 147 to 389). The median age of cases in 2014 was 24 years (range, 9 months to 99 years). Children 10 years of age or younger accounted for 29% of cases. Sixty-one percent of cases occurred during July through October. The incidence of cryptosporidiosis in the West Central, Southwestern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Northwestern districts (25.3, 12.8, 11.3, 11.2, and 10.7 cases per 100,000, respectively) was significantly higher than the statewide incidence. Only 70 (21%) cases occurred among residents of the metropolitan area (2.4 per 100,000). Forty-five (13%) cases required hospitalization, for a median of 4 days (range, 2 to 13 days). Seven outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis were identified in Minnesota in 2014, accounting for 22 laboratory-confirmed cases. One recreational water outbreak ...
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/newsletters/dcn/sum14/cryptosporidiosis.html
Cryptosporidiosis Treatment, Cryptosporidiosis Diagnosis in Science Park, Singapore - View Doctors, Book Appointment Online |...Cryptosporidiosis Treatment, Cryptosporidiosis Diagnosis in Science Park, Singapore - View Doctors, Book Appointment Online |...
Treatment for cryptosporidiosis in Science Park, Singapore, find doctors near you. Book Appointment Online, View Fees, Reviews Doctors for Cryptosporidiosis Treatment in Science Park, Singapore | Practo
https://www.practo.com/singapore/treatment-for-cryptosporidiosis/science-park
Cryptosporidium infection - Symptoms and causes - Mayo ClinicCryptosporidium infection - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Cryptosporidium infection is caused by small parasites that infect the intestines, causing diarrhea that can become life-threatening if you have a weak immune system.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cryptosporidium/symptoms-causes/syc-20351870?footprints=mine
Central Ohio reports 209 cases of Cryptosporidium infection | Food Safety NewsCentral Ohio reports 209 cases of Cryptosporidium infection | Food Safety News
An outbreak of Cryptosporidium infection has been building for the past two weeks in central Ohio, with the number of cases hitting 209 as of Friday. The
https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2016/08/ohio-reports-202-cases-of-cryptosporidium/
Department of Health | Cryptosporidiosis case definitionDepartment of Health | Cryptosporidiosis case definition
This document contains the case definitions for Cryptosporidiosis which is nationally notifiable within Australia. This definition should be used to determine whether a case should be notified.
https://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-surveil-nndss-casedefs-cd_crpto.htm
How to Prevent Cryptosporidiosis (Crypto): 13 Steps - wikiHowHow to Prevent Cryptosporidiosis (Crypto): 13 Steps - wikiHow
How to Prevent Cryptosporidiosis (Crypto). Cryptosporidiosis or Crypto is caused by microscopic parasites. It is a diarrheal disease most commonly transmitted by water infested with the parasite. Among humans in the United States,...
https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Cryptosporidiosis-
Cryptosporidiosis Pipeline Review, H2 2016, latest research study provides in depth analysis on Cellular Tumor Antigen P53 ...Cryptosporidiosis Pipeline Review, H2 2016, latest research study provides in depth analysis on Cellular Tumor Antigen P53 ...
Cryptosporidiosis therapeutics industry report provides comprehensive information on the therapeutics under development for Cryptosporidiosis, complete wit
https://www.medgadget.com/2017/02/cryptosporidiosis-pipeline-review-h2-2016-latest-research-study-provides-in-depth-analysis-on-cellular-tumor-antigen-p53-tumor-suppressor-p53-or-antigen-ny-co-13-targeted-pipeline-therapeutics.html
Welcome to CDC stacks | Economic Assessment of Waterborne Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis - 48968 | Emerging Infectious DiseasesWelcome to CDC stacks | Economic Assessment of Waterborne Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis - 48968 | Emerging Infectious Diseases
In 2007, a waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection occurred in western Ireland, resulting in 242 laboratory-confirmed cases and an uncertain number of unconfirmed cases. A boil water notice was in place for 158 days that affected 120,432 persons residing in the area, businesses, visitors, and commuters. This outbreak represented the largest outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Ireland. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost of this outbreak. We adopted a societal perspective in estimating costs associated with the outbreak. Economic cost estimated was based on totaling direct and indirect costs incurred by public and private agencies. The cost of the outbreak was estimated based on 2007 figures. We estimate that the cost of the outbreak was >€19 million (≈€120,000/day of the outbreak). The US dollar equivalent based on todays exchange rates would be $22.44 million (≈$142,000/day of the outbreak). This study highlights the economic need for a safe drinking water ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/48968
Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis, Second EditionCryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis, Second Edition
Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis, Second Edition By Ronald Fayer, Lihua Xiao http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/517GVAumtGL._SL500_SS500_.jpg •Publisher: -- •Pages: 576 •Edition: 2007-11-26 •ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1420052268
http://www.vetelib.com/threads/8667-Cryptosporidium-and-Cryptosporidiosis-Second-Edition
Cryptosporidiosis - TheBody.comCryptosporidiosis - TheBody.com
Cryptosporidiosis (crypto) is an infection caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium. A parasites gets its nutrients from another living organism (the host). ...
http://www.thebody.com/content/art6020.html
Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis SymptomsIntestinal Cryptosporidiosis Symptoms
Intestinal cryptosporidiosis is one of the most significant diarrheal diseases affecting people around the world. The condition is caused by the oocyst-forming protozoan parasite from the genus Cryptosporidium that has the propensity to survive in and transmit through source waters, making it a grave public health threat.
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Intestinal-Cryptosporidiosis-Symptoms.aspx
Cryptosporidiosis - WikipediaCryptosporidiosis - Wikipedia
Cryptosporidiosis, also known as crypto, is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, a genus of protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. It affects the distal small intestine and can affect the respiratory tract in both immunocompetent (i.e., individuals with a normal functioning immune system) and immunocompromised (e.g., persons with HIV/AIDS or autoimmune disorders) individuals, resulting in watery diarrhea with or without an unexplained cough. In immunocompromised individuals, the symptoms are particularly severe and can be fatal. It is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water; recent evidence suggests that it can also be transmitted via fomites in respiratory secretions. Cryptosporidium is the organism most commonly isolated in HIV-positive patients presenting with diarrhea.[medical citation needed] Despite not being identified until 1976, it is one of the most common waterborne diseases and is found worldwide. The parasite is transmitted ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis - City of ArlingtonCryptosporidiosis - City of Arlington
Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease commonly identified as Crypto. The most common route of infection is through fecal/oral exposure. Not clinically identified till 1976, Crypto is today the most common waterborne disease and is found worldwide. Children 1‐9 are most often infected. One recorded outbreak resulted in 400,000 confirmed cases. A 2008 outbreak in the Dallas/Ft Worth metroplex resulted in 400 confirmed cases. Many of the 2008 cases were the result of swallowing fecal infected water while swimming in public and semi‐public pools. The ingested cysts make their way to the small intestine where the infection grows.. Crypto is a short term acute infection whose symptoms appear within 2-10 days. The average length of time between exposure and appearance of symptoms is 7 days. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting, low fever, and dehydration. Symptoms normally disappear within 2 weeks to 1 month. The person remains infectious until all symptoms disappear. Your ...
https://www.arlingtontx.gov/city_hall/departments/code_compliance/swimming_pool_inspection_program/cryptosporidiosis
Officials: 2 confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis reported in Waukesha CountyOfficials: 2 confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis reported in Waukesha County
Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal illness. If you are experiencing symptoms, you're encouraged to consult your physician and stay home until well. One way this illness is spread is through water, including pools. Therefore people with diarrhea should not swim ...
https://www.fox6now.com/news/officials-2-confirmed-cases-of-cryptosporidiosis-reported-in-waukesha-county
Best tactical approach to handling patients with simultaneous parasitic and HIV infection | Science CodexBest tactical approach to handling patients with simultaneous parasitic and HIV infection | Science Codex
One of the most common waterborne diseases worldwide is cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic disease affecting the small intestine and possibly our airways. It is a common cause of diarrhoea in HIV-positive patients, who are known to have lower immunity. Now Kazeem Oare Okosun from Vaal University of Technology in South Africa and colleagues from Pakistan and Nigeria have developed a new model and numerical simulations to determine the optimal combination of prevention and treatment strategies for controlling both diseases in patients who have been co-infected. Their results, recently published in EPJ Plus, show a positive impact on the treatment and prevention for cryptosporidiosis alone, for HIV-AIDS alone, or for both together. Although there are many mathematical models on HIV infection, there are far fewer for cryptosporidiosis. And, until now, there was no co-infection model for cryptosporidiosis and HIV-AIDS. The authors examined what happens to patients presenting both infections when they are ...
http://www.sciencecodex.com/best-tactical-approach-handling-patients-simultaneous-parasitic-and-hiv-infection-614799
Cryptosporidiosis Symptoms, Signs & CauseCryptosporidiosis Symptoms, Signs & Cause
Learn about cryptosporidiosis symptoms and signs and the medications that treat it. Symptoms and signs include fever, watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, and vomiting. Pinpoint your symptoms and signs with MedicineNets Symptom Checker.
https://www.medicinenet.com/cryptosporidiosis_symptoms_and_signs/symptoms.htm
Cryptosporidiosis: assessment of chemotherapy of males with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). - Semantic ScholarCryptosporidiosis: assessment of chemotherapy of males with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). - Semantic Scholar
article{1982CryptosporidiosisAO, title={Cryptosporidiosis: assessment of chemotherapy of males with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).}, author={}, journal={MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report}, year={1982}, volume={31 44}, pages={589-92 ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cryptosporidiosis-assessment-of-chemotherapy-of-ma-/b43ff3df240fede1f398fcf05c301e26c0cd1d18
Cryptosporidiosis in relation to CD4+ T- Lymphocyte counts of people living with HIV/AIDS in Jos, Plateau State, North-Central...Cryptosporidiosis in relation to CD4+ T- Lymphocyte counts of people living with HIV/AIDS in Jos, Plateau State, North-Central...
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in relation to CD4+ T- lymphocyte counts of people living with HIV/AIDS (PL..
http://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/cryptosporidiosis-in-relation-to-cd4-t-lymphocyte-counts-of-people-living-with-hivaids-in-jos-plateau-state-northcentral-nigeria-4884.html
Cryptosporidiosis | Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics | AccessPediatrics | McGraw-Hill MedicalCryptosporidiosis | Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics | AccessPediatrics | McGraw-Hill Medical
Cryptosporidiosis. In: Hay, Jr WW, Levin MJ, Deterding RR, Abzug MJ. Hay, Jr W.W., Levin M.J., Deterding R.R., Abzug M.J. Eds. William W. Hay, Jr, et al.eds. Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2196§ionid=166956702. Accessed January 18, 2018 ...
https://accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2196§ionid=166956702
Cryptosporidiosis | Reston Hospital CenterCryptosporidiosis | Reston Hospital Center
Learn more about Cryptosporidiosis at Reston Hospital Center DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...
https://restonhospital.com/hl/?/2010816338/Cryptosporidiosis&com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1
Jejunal water and electrolyte transport in human cryptosporidiosis. - PubMed - NCBIJejunal water and electrolyte transport in human cryptosporidiosis. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888726?dopt=Abstract
Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis - Oxford MedicineCryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis - Oxford Medicine
Cryptosporidia are small coccidian parasites that infect the mucosal epithelia of a variety of vertebrate hosts, including humans, affecting the health, survival, and economic development of millions of people and animals worldwide. Human infection is mainly caused by two species: (1) Cryptosporidium parvum-also prevalent in young livestock; can be transmitted from animals to humans (zoonotic transmission, particularly important in children), from person to person (urban cycle, due to faecal-oral spread), through contamination of public drinking-water supplies (which can produce massive outbreaks) or food (prepared by a sick food handler), and nosocomially. (2) ...
http://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780199204854.001.1/med-9780199204854-chapter-070805
Surveillance data for waterborne illness detection : an assessment following a massive waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidium...
Following the 1993 Milwaukee cryptosporidiosis outbreak, we examined data from eight sources available during the time of the outbreak. Although there was a remarkable temporal correspondence of surveillance peaks, the most timely data involved use of systems in which personnel with existing close ties to public health programmes perceived the...
http://www.bdsp.ehesp.fr/Base/164586/
DMOZ - Health: Conditions and Diseases: Infectious Diseases: Parasitic: Cryptosporidiosis
Chartered Institute of Environmental Health provides information on Cryptosporidium in drinking water. Includes official UK information and details of previous outbreaks both inside and outside the UK. ...
http://dmoztools.net/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Infectious_Diseases/Parasitic/Cryptosporidiosis/
Social and gender determinants of risk of cryptosporidiosis, an emerging zoonosis, in Dagoretti, Nairobi, Kenya
The aim of the study was to investigate the social and gender determinants of the risk of exposure to Cryptosporidium from urban dairying in Dagoretti, Nairobi. Focus group discussions were held in six locations to obtain qualitative information on risk of exposure. A repeated cross-sectional descriptive study included participatory assessment and household questionnaires (300 randomly selected urban dairy farming households and 100 non-dairying neighbours). One-hundred dairy households randomly selected from the 300 dairy households participated in an additional economic survey along with 40 neighbouring non-dairy households. We found that exposure to Cryptosporidium was influenced by gender, age and role in the household. Farm workers and people aged 50 to 65 years had most contact with cattle, and women had greater contact with raw milk. However, children had relatively higher consumption of raw milk than other age groups. Adult women had more daily contact with cattle faeces than adult men, ...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/79824225/social-gender-determinants-risk-cryptosporidiosis-emerging-zoonosis-dagoretti-nairobi-kenya
Fayer R, Xiao L, (eds): Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis | Parasites & Vectors | Full TextFayer R, Xiao L, (eds): Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis | Parasites & Vectors | Full Text
Citation counts are provided from Web of Science and CrossRef. The counts may vary by service, and are reliant on the availability of their data. Counts will update daily once available.. ...
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-1-47/metrics
Cryptosporidiosis Is Not A Bacterial Infection « Cordial DeconstructionCryptosporidiosis Is Not A Bacterial Infection « Cordial Deconstruction
While I drive to and from work each weekday, I listen to the local NPR affiliate, KWMU, a generally excellent source of broadcast news. During my drive home from work today, I caught a story on an outbreak of a diarrheal illness, crypo in some St. Louis county day care centers. The report mentioned that…
https://blog.cordialdeconstruction.com/2010/08/25/cryptosporidiosis-is-not-a-bacterial-infection/
Cryptosporidiosis - Infectious Diseases - Merck Manuals Professional EditionCryptosporidiosis - Infectious Diseases - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of Intestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia from the Professional Version of the Merck Manuals.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/infectious-diseases/intestinal-protozoa-and-microsporidia/cryptosporidiosis
You Can Prevent Cryptosporidiosis (Crypto): A Guide for People with HIV Infection | AHRQ Health Care Innovations ExchangeYou Can Prevent Cryptosporidiosis (Crypto): A Guide for People with HIV Infection | AHRQ Health Care Innovations Exchange
Disclaimer: The inclusion of a tool in the Innovations Exchange does not constitute or imply an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or Westat of the tool or of the submitter or developer of the tool. Read more.. ...
https://innovations.ahrq.gov/qualitytools/you-can-prevent-cryptosporidiosis-crypto-guide-people-hiv-infection
Risk management for waterborne pathogens in public swimming pools: A pilot studyRisk management for waterborne pathogens in public swimming pools: A pilot study
There have been numerous reports of swimming pool-associated outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis worldwide, including Australia. It is essential to ensure that effective measures are in place to manage faecal contamination incidents, the primary source of contamination of these pathogens in public swimming pools. There are no evidence-based guidelines for the management of faecal contamination incidents (FCI) in public swimming pools in Australia. The aim of the study is to develop, implement and evaluate guidelines to reduce the public health risk associated with Cryptosporidium and Giardia in public swimming pools in Australia. This research is particularly important both nationally and internationally as the endemic of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is increasing significantly. It is estimated that half of all Indigenous children are affected by these pathogens which can cause long-term disability or death. A random sample of public swimming pools from metropolitan, rural and remote ...
https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/16106
Molecular Characterization ofCryptosporidium Isolates Obtained from Humans in France | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyMolecular Characterization ofCryptosporidium Isolates Obtained from Humans in France | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Molecular data for oocysts of human origin reported by different laboratories from tests with numerous markers revealed that two genotypes are dominant (Table 2). The human genotype (genotype 1) was detected in humans and in a single nonhuman primate. The cattle genotype (genotype 2) was detected in both animals and humans. Geographic variations in the repartition of C. parvum human and bovine genotypes seem to exist (Table 2). In Australia, anthroponotic organisms account for the majority of the cases ofC. parvum infection, with infections withC. parvum human genotype comprising 85% of infections (51). In the United States, the human genotype seems to be associated with the majority of isolates obtained from individuals in nonoutbreak situations. We have recently confirmed a higher occurrence of this anthroponotic genotype in the New World by analyzing isolates from Haiti (unpublished data). In contrast, the C. parvum bovine genotype seems to be dominant in Europe (Table 2). In regard to ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/39/10/3472
View source for Cryptosporidium - WikEMView source for Cryptosporidium - WikEM
Background== *Protozoa causing diarrhea. **Oocysts are 4-6 µm in diameter and exhibit partial acid-fast staining. *Mostly commonly seen in [[HIV]]+ *Most common cause of chronic diarrhea in [[HIV]] patients. ===Environmental Exposures=== *Swim regularly in pools with insufficient sanitation. *Hikers who drink untreated water. *Handling infected cattle. ==Clinical Features== Symptoms usually appear one week after infection which include: *[[Fever]] *[[Nausea/vomiting]] *[[Abdominal pain]]/cramps *Watery [[diarrhea]] *Dehydration *Weight loss ==Differential Diagnosis== {{Template:Diarrhea DDX}} ==Evaluation== *No eosinophilia *Stool acid-staining test *Stool Culture ==Management== *If non-sick appearing and not immunocompromised, medication often not needed.,ref>White AC Jr. Cryptosporidiosis species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, ed. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 209:3547-60.,/ref> *Antiparasitics such as ...
https://wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Cryptosporidium&action=edit
Intestinal microparasitosis in patients with HIV infection: personal experience - Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le...
Aim. In patients with HIV infection, diarrhea, often associated with getting thin and weight loss, is important for their nutritional state and quality of life, since these patients have a greater degree of immunosuppression than those without diarrhea, predisposing the gastrointestinal tract to the action of bacterial, viral, protozoa and fungal pathogens which may cause morbidity and death. These patients are particularly susceptible to protozoa infections. Cryptosporidium infection is among the most common causes of enteric disease but Micro-sporidium and Cyclospora are emerging as potentially important enteric pathogens ...
https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/gazzetta-medica-italiana/article.php?cod=R22Y2004N02A0037
Intestinal Parasite (Cryptosporidium) in Dogs | petMDIntestinal Parasite (Cryptosporidium) in Dogs | petMD
Treatment for Cryptosporidiosis is generally on an outpatient basis, with the recommendation to limit food until the diarrhea has subsided, along with an increase in fluids to combat dehydration. Boil the dogs drinking water to assure that it is clean. For healthy dogs, the condition will generally run its course without treatment. Young, old, and immune compromised dogs may need medication to prevent internal complications. Prescribed medications must be followed through to completion.. ...
https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/infectious-parasitic/c_multi_cryptosporidiosis?page=2
Cryptosporidium muris - WikipediaCryptosporidium muris - Wikipedia
Cryptosporidium muris is a species of coccidium, first isolated from the gastric glands of the common mouse. Tyzzer EE (1910). An extracellular Coccidium, Cryptosporidium Muris (Gen. Et Sp. Nov.), of the gastric Glands of the Common Mouse. J Med Res. 23 (3): 487-510.3. PMC 2098948 . PMID 19971982. Palmer, Carol J., et al. Cryptosporidium muris, a rodent pathogen, recovered from a human in Peru. Emerging infectious diseases 9.9 (2003): 1174. Katsumata T, Hosea D, Ranuh IG, Uga S, Yanagi T, Kohno S (2000). Short report: possible Cryptosporidium muris infection in humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 62 (1): 70-2. PMID 10761726. Gatei, Wangeci, et al. Cryptosporidium muris infection in an HIV-infected adult, Kenya. Emerging infectious diseases 8.2 (2002): 204-206. Koudela B, Modrý D, Vítovec J (1998). Infectivity of Cryptosporidium muris isolated from cattle. Vet Parasitol. 76 (3): 181-8. doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00217-3. PMID 9615952. McDonald V, Deer R, Uni S, Iseki M, Bancroft GJ (1992). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium_muris
MicroRNA expression profile of HCT-8 cells in the early phase of Cryptosporidium parvum infection | BMC Genomics | Full TextMicroRNA expression profile of HCT-8 cells in the early phase of Cryptosporidium parvum infection | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Cryptosporidium parvum is an important zoonotic parasitic disease worldwide, but the molecular mechanisms of the host-parasite interaction are not fully understood. Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered key regulators of parasitic diseases. Therefore, we used microarray, qPCR, and bioinformatic analyses to investigate the intestinal epithelial miRNA expression profile after Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Twenty miRNAs were differentially expressed after infection (four upregulated and 16 downregulated). Further analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed that many important cellular responses were triggered by Cryptosporidium parvum infection, including cell apoptosis and the inflammatory and immune responses. This study demonstrates for the first time that the miRNA expression profile of human intestinal epithelium cells is altered by C. parvum infection. This dysregulation of miRNA expression may contribute to the regulation of host biological processes in response to C. parvum
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-018-5410-6
Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection of dairy cows in three northern provinces of Thailand determined by enzyme...Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection of dairy cows in three northern provinces of Thailand determined by enzyme...
INPANKAEW, T. et al. Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection of dairy cows in three northern provinces of Thailand determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigen CpP23. Onderstepoort j. vet. res. [online]. 2009, vol.76, n.2, pp.161-165. ISSN 2219-0635.. Cryptosporidium parvum is the most frequent parasitic agent that causes diarrhoea in AIDS patients in Thailand. Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in humans may be attributed to contamination of their drinking water from infected dairy pastures. A 23-kDa glycoprotein of C. parvum (CpP23) is a sporozoite surface protein that is geographically conserved among C. parvum isolates. This glycoprotein is a potentially useful candidate antigen for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Therefore, we investigated the seroprevalence of C. parvum infection in dairy cows in northern Thailand using an ELISA based on recombinant CpP23 antigen. Sera were randomly collected from 642 dairy cows of ...
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0030-24652009000200001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Morbidity, mortality, and long-term consequences associated with diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection in children younger...
BACKGROUND:The protozoan Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years. However, the true global burden of Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years might have been underestimated in previous quantifications because it only took account of the acute effects of diarrhoea. We aimed to demonstrate whether there is a causal relation between Cryptosporidium and childhood growth and, if so, to quantify the associated additional burden. METHODS:The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2016 was a systematic and scientific effort to quantify the morbidity and mortality associated with more than 300 causes of death and disability, including diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium infection. We supplemented estimates on the burden of Cryptosporidium in GBD 2016 with findings from a systematic review of published and unpublished cohort studies and a meta-analysis of the effect of childhood diarrhoea caused by
https://www.bdi.ox.ac.uk/publications/858920/
NMR metabolomics reveals effects of Cryptosporidium infections on host cell metabolome | Gut Pathogens | Full TextNMR metabolomics reveals effects of Cryptosporidium infections on host cell metabolome | Gut Pathogens | Full Text
Cryptosporidium is an important gut microbe whose contributions towards infant and immunocompromise patient mortality rates are steadily increasing. Over the last decade, we have seen the development of various tools and methods for studying Cryptosporidium infection and its interactions with their hosts. One area that is sorely overlooked is the effect infection has on host metabolic processes. Using a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance approach to metabolomics, we have explored the nature of the mouse gut metabolome as well as providing the first insight into the metabolome of an infected cell line. Statistical analysis and predictive modelling demonstrated new understandings of the effects of a Cryptosporidium infection, while verifying the presence of known metabolic changes. Of note is the potential contribution of host derived taurine to the diarrhoeal aspects of the disease previously attributed to a solely parasite-based alteration of the gut environment, in addition to other metabolites involved
https://gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13099-019-0293-x
Identification of Cryptosporidium parvum active chemical series by repurposing the Open Access Malaria Box - GOV.UKIdentification of Cryptosporidium parvum active chemical series by repurposing the Open Access Malaria Box - GOV.UK
The apicomplexan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis are major etiologic agents of human cryptosporidiosis. Infection is typically self-limited in immunocompetent adults, but can cause chronic, fulminant diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, and malnutrition and stunting in children. Nitazoxanide, the current standard-of-care for cryptosporidiosis, is only partially efficacious for children and is no more effective than placebo in AIDS patients. Unfortunately, financial obstacles to drug discovery for diseases that disproportionately affect low-income countries and technical limitations associated with studies of Cryptosporidium biology both impede development of better drugs for cryptosporidiosis. Using a cell-based high-throughput screen, we queried the Medicines for Malaria Ventures (MMV) Open Access Malaria Box for activity against C. parvum. We identified 3 novel chemical series derived from the quinolin-8-ol, allopurinol-based, and 2,4-diamino-quinazoline chemical ...
https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/identification-of-cryptosporidium-parvum-active-chemical-series-by-repurposing-the-open-access-malaria-box
Cryptosporidium infection in a veal calf cohort in France: molecular characterization of species in a longitudinal study. -...
ABSTRACT: Feces from 142 animals were collected on 15 farms in the region of Brittany, France. Each sample was directly collected from the rectum of the animal and identified with the ear tag number. Animals were sampled three times, at 5, 15 and 22 weeks of age. After DNA extraction from stool samples, nested PCR was performed to amplify partial 18S-rDNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein genes of Cryptosporidium. The parasite was detected on all farms. One hundred out of 142 calves (70.4%) were found to be parasitized by Cryptosporidium. Amplified fragments were sequenced for Cryptosporidium species identification and revealed the presence of C. parvum (43.8%), C. ryanae (28.5%), and C. bovis (27%). One animal was infected with Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. The prevalence of these species was related to the age of the animal. C. parvum caused 86.7% of Cryptosporidium infections in 5-week-old calves but only 1.7% in 15-week-old animals. The analysis of the results showed that animals could be infected successively
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00660464
PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene discriminates between C. wrairi and C. parvum, and...PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene discriminates between C. wrairi and C. parvum, and...
Spano, F.; Putignani, L.; McLauchlin, J.; Casemore, D.P.; Crisanti, A., 1997: PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene discriminates between C. wrairi and C. parvum, and between C. parvum isolates of human and animal origin
https://eurekamag.com/research/002/914/002914446.php
ASMscience | Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium spp. are important zoonotic pathogens, causing enterocolitis and diarrhea in children and immunocompromised persons. In developing countries, cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important causes of moderate to severe diarrhea and diarrhea-associated death. In industrialized nations, Cryptosporidium spp. are well recognized waterborne, foodborne, and zoonotic pathogens, having caused many outbreaks of human illness. In the United States, the number of annual reported cases of cryptosporidiosis has increased more than 2-fold in recent years. In this chapter, various laboratory techniques for the detection and diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. and the most recent progress in Cryptosporidium taxonomy and the molecular epidemiology and treatment of cryptosporidiosis are reviewed.
https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch142
Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species infections among children and cattle in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia...Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species infections among children and cattle in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia...
Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common causes of protozoan diarrhea that lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species infections among children and cattle, and to assess the potential risk of zoonotic transmission. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2009 in Girar Jarso and Dera Districts of North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A total of 768 stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites using direct wet mount with saline and formalin ether concentration methods. The modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method was used for the detection of Cryptosporidium species. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 15. Out of 384 children examined, 53 (13.8%) and 28 (7.3%) were positive for Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections, respectively. Similarly, of the total 384 cattle examined, 9 (2.3%) were positive
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-419
Cryptosporidium Muris Genome Project | J. Craig Venter InstituteCryptosporidium Muris Genome Project | J. Craig Venter Institute
Status. The initial version of the C. muris WGS sequence has been deposited at GenBank.. Background. The genus Cryptosporidium, a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms in the phylum Apicomplexa, comprises an unknown number of species infecting numerous vertebrate species. It includes two groups of parasites that have adapted to different environments in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract: the small intestine/colon, where the majority of species multiply, and the stomach, which only a few species are able to infect. Cryptosporidium species are significant sources of gastrointestinal infection worldwide. Particularly in underdeveloped nations, cryptosporidiosis is common in children, where it is frequently associated with persistent diarrhea, malnutrition and stunted growth (Guerrant 1997). In immune compromised individuals, persistent infection with Cryptosporidium can lead to wasting and is often fatal. Effective drugs or vaccines against this infection are not available (Tzipori 1998). The ...
https://www.jcvi.org/gcid/project/cryptosporidium-muris
Characterization of a Low Molecular Weight Glycolipid Antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of a Low Molecular Weight Glycolipid Antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum. AU - Priest, Jeffrey W.. AU - Mehlert, Angela. AU - Arrowood, Michael J.. AU - Riggs, Michael W.. AU - Ferguson, Michael A.J.. PY - 2003/12/26. Y1 - 2003/12/26. N2 - Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite of the mammalian gut epithelium, causes a diarrheal illness in a wide range of hosts and is transmitted by contamination of food or water with oocyst-laden feces from an infected animal. We have identified a glycosylinositol phospholipid from the sporozoite stage of the parasite that is frequently recognized by serum antibodies from human cryptosporidiosis patients. The humoral immune response is dominated by IgG1 subclass antibodies but can also include IgA and IgM antibodies. The glycosylinositol phospholipids were purified by butanol extraction of a Triton X-114-soluble fraction followed by octyl-Sepharose column chromatography and preparative high performance TLC and were ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/characterization-of-a-low-molecular-weight-glycolipid-antigen-fro
Reduction of Risk of Watery Diarrhea with Point-of-Use Water Filters during a Massive Outbreak of Waterborne Cryptosporidium...Reduction of Risk of Watery Diarrhea with Point-of-Use Water Filters during a Massive Outbreak of Waterborne Cryptosporidium...
Abstract The occurrence of a massive waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidium infection in Milwaukee, Wisconsin provided an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of point-of-use home water filters in preventing diarrheal illness associated with Cryptosporidium infection. Of 155 filter owners who responded to a televised request to contact the City of Milwaukee Health Department, 99 (64%) completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding their sources of drinking water, the characteristics of their home water filters, and diarrheal illness during the outbreak. Diarrhea among respondents was independently associated with residence in southern or central Milwaukee (the area served by the implicated South water treatment plant), having a home water filter with a pore diameter of greater than 1 µm, and drinking unfiltered tap water in a public building in southern Milwaukee. Among residents of southern and central Milwaukee, two (18%) of 11 persons who drank only submicron-filtered water at home and
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.549
Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among responders to a rollover of a truck carrying calves - Kansas, April 2013. - Semantic ScholarOutbreak of cryptosporidiosis among responders to a rollover of a truck carrying calves - Kansas, April 2013. - Semantic Scholar
In April 2013, the Thomas County Health Department notified the Kansas Department of Health and Environments Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Response section (KDHE) of two cases of cryptosporidiosis among emergency responders to a tractor-trailer rollover. The truck was carrying approximately 350 preweaned Holstein calves. An outbreak investigation was led by KDHE with assistance from the county health department; six cases of cryptosporidiosis were identified among the 15 emergency responders. No additional primary cases with this exposure or secondary cases were identified. Disease was associated with carrying calves (relative risk [RR] = 3.0) and contact with fecal matter (RR = 4.5). The calves were aged |10 days and reportedly suffered from scours (diarrheal disease), which is often caused by Cryptosporidium spp., a chlorine-tolerant protozoan parasite. Because of the age of the calves and the conditions at the rollover scene, a high potential existed for fecal contamination and subsequent
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Outbreak-of-cryptosporidiosis-among-responders-to-Webb-Tubach/97e0bf8abc9356deaa11604947077d0b20d3d1c3
Cryptosporidium SP in HIV-infected individuals attending a Brazilian University HospitalCryptosporidium SP in HIV-infected individuals attending a Brazilian University Hospital
There were 11 (10.5%) individuals with Cryptosporidium-sp-positive fecal samples, one in G1, three in G2, and seven in G3; there were no significant differences among groups (p,0.05). It is noteworthy that the number of oocysts was small in all individuals who tested positive for Cryptosporidium sp. Diarrhea was found in 12 (11.4%) individuals. There was no significant difference among groups (p,0.05); however, there was a higher tendency towards diarrhea in G1 and G2. Five out of the 12 individuals with diarrhea tested positive for Cryptosporidium sp. Only seven (6.7%) individuals lived in the rural zone; all cases of Cryptosporidium sp were in feces from urban zone dwellers.. DISCUSSION. In Brazil, AIDS has predominantly affected men since the beginning of the epidemic, a fact also noticed in the current study. However, the percentage of women in this study was much higher (45.7%) than that generally reported in Brazil (28.2%) (5). This reflects the reality at the Center where this study was ...
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992007000400005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Human primary intestinal epithelial cells as an improved in vitro model for Cryptosporidium parvum infectionHuman primary intestinal epithelial cells as an improved in vitro model for Cryptosporidium parvum infection
The study of human intestinal pathogens has been limited by the lack of methods for the long-term culture of primary human intestinal epithelial cells (PECs). The development of infection models with PECs would allow a better understanding of host-parasite interactions. The objective of this study w …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23509153/
Efficacy of nitazoxanide and paromomycin in biliary tract cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed gerbil model : Journal of...
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of nitazoxanide and paromomycin in biliary tract cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) model.. Methods: Gerbils (1-month-old) were dexamethasone-immunosuppressed for 10 days and challenged orally with 105 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. From day 0 to day 12 post-infection, one group (n = 14) was treated with 200 mg/kg/day nitazoxanide and another (n = 15) with 100 mg/kg/day paromomycin. Infection and efficacy of nitazoxanide and paromomycin were assessed by measuring oocyst shedding in faeces, biliary tract and ileum histological examination.. Results: In nitazoxanide-treated and paromomycin-treated groups as compared with untreated animals (P , 0.05), oocyst shedding was partially suppressed in a similar manner (P , 0.05). Parasites were present in histological sections of the ileal mucosa of 16/16 infected untreated animals versus 3/14 and 6/15 in the nitazoxanide-treated and the paromomycin-treated groups, ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/jac/dki456
Microbiology Society Journals | Evaluation of the BD MAX Enteric Parasite Panel for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum...Microbiology Society Journals | Evaluation of the BD MAX Enteric Parasite Panel for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum...
Purpose. Conventional laboratory detection methods for gastrointestinal parasites are time consuming, require considerable technical expertise and may suffer from poor analytical sensitivity. This study sought to evaluate the automated BD MAX Enteric Parasite Panel (EPP) for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis. Methodolgy. A total of 104 known positive samples (43 Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis and 61 G . duodenalis), 15 simulated samples (E. histolytica and other Entamoeba species) and 745 patient stool samples, submitted for enteric pathogen culture and microscopy, were inoculated into BD MAX EPP sample buffer tubes (SBTs). All specimens were blinded and tested within 7 days of SBT inoculation using the BD MAX EPP assay with results compared to those generated by microscopy. Results/Key findings. Combining the results from the known positive samples and anonymously tested patient samples, the sensitivity of the BD MAX EPP assay was 100 % for
http://jmm.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000558
Prevalence and risk facto… - Göteborgs universitetPrevalence and risk facto… - Göteborgs universitet
Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a pathological condition caused by infection with coccidian protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. So far, no data has been published on its prevalence among children with diarrhea in Cameroon. This study was therefore, designed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0-5 years suffering from diarrhea and being attended to at the Limbe Regional Hospital. Methods: The study was a hospital based analytical cross-sectional study involving children within the ages 0-5 years (n = 112) hospitalized or consulted in the pediatric departments of the hospital between April 2018 and May 2018. Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method, and microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium infection. Results: A total of 112 participants were recruited out of which 67 presented with ...
https://gu.se/forskning/publikation/?tipFriend=true&tipUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgu.se%2Fforskning%2Fpublikation%2F%3FfeedbackForm%3Dtrue%26returnAddress%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fgu.se%252Fforskning%252Fpublikation%252F%253FpublicationId%253D282931%26recipientName%3DWebbredaktion%26encodedEmail%3DaW5mb0BndS5zZQ%26publicationId%3D282931&feedbackForm=true&encodedEmail=aW5mb0BndS5zZQ&publicationId=282931
Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission |...Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission |...
Eraky MA, El-Hamshary AM-S, Hamadto HH, Abdallah KF, Abdel-Hafed WM, Abdel-Had S. Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission. Acta Parasitol. 2014; 60(1): 26-34 ...
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/predominance-cryptosporidium-parvum-genotype-among-diarrheic-children-egypt-indicator
Genome-wide upstream motif analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum genes clustered by expression profile | BMC Genomics | Full TextGenome-wide upstream motif analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum genes clustered by expression profile | BMC Genomics | Full Text
There are very few molecular genetic tools available to study the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. The organism is not amenable to continuous in vitro cultivation or transfection, and purification of intracellular developmental stages in sufficient numbers for most downstream molecular applications is difficult and expensive since animal hosts are required. As such, very little is known about gene regulation in C. parvum. We have clustered whole-genome gene expression profiles generated from a previous study of seven post-infection time points of 3,281 genes to identify genes that show similar expression patterns throughout the first 72 hours of in vitro epithelial cell culture. We used the algorithms MEME, AlignACE and FIRE to identify conserved, overrepresented DNA motifs in the upstream promoter region of genes with similar expression profiles. The most overrepresented motifs were E2F (5′-TGGCGCCA-3′); G-box (5′-G.GGGG-3′); a well-documented ApiAP2 binding motif (5′-TGCAT-3′)
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-14-516/figures/5
Detection of Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts in the faeces of domesticated fowls in Ninevah governorateDetection of Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts in the faeces of domesticated fowls in Ninevah governorate
The study was designed to identify Cryptosporidium oocyst with the determination of infection rate in the faeces of local backyard chicken in Ninevah governorate. One hundred and forty freshly voided fecal samples were randomly collected from both sex of local hens aging between 6-12 months old. These samples were taken from ten various regions of the governorate from the 1st Oct. 2010 till 1st Oct. 2011. Two techniques were applied in this study, hot modified acid - fast stain was used to define the parasite species, while iodine stain was followed for determination the infective rates. Using hot modified acid - fast stain, C. baileyi was diagnosed and identified based on the measurements and diameters of the oocyst using ocular micrometer. Such dimensions were (4.6 × 6.2) micron containing four sporozoites. Out of 140 fecal samples, only 59 samples harbored the oocyst parasite in a percentage of 44.5% hens more than 6 month-one year ages and 33.2% for less than 6 months. However, higher infection
https://mamon.iraqjournals.com/article_166891_0.html
Most recent papers with the keyword cryptosporidiosis | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword cryptosporidiosis | Read by QxMD
BACKGROUND: The association between Cryptosporidium and human colon cancer has been reported in different populations. However, this association has not been well studied. In order to add new strong arguments for a probable link between cryptosporidiosis and colon human cancer, the aim of this study was to determine prevalence and to identify species of Cryptosporidium among Lebanese patients. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Overall, 218 digestive biopsies were collected in Tripoli, Lebanon, from three groups of patients: (i) patients with recently diagnosed colon intraepithelial neoplasia/adenocarcinoma before any treatment (n = 72); (ii) patients with recently diagnosed stomach intraepithelial neoplasia/adenocarcinoma before any treatment (n = 21); and (iii) patients without digestive intraepithelial neoplasia/adenocarcinoma but with persistent digestive symptoms (n = 125 ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/113988
Enteric infections in young ruminants: studies on Escherichia coli and Cryptosporidium sp
Mixed enteric infections were studied in gnotobiotic lambs and conventional calves. Clinical infections were established by inoculation of gnotobiotic lambs with either ETEC, Cryptosporidium sp or lamb rotavirus at less than 2 days of age. At 4 days of age or older only subclinical infections could be established using either ETEC, rota¬ virus or ETEC and rotavirus. Clinical infections were induced with Cryptosporidium sp either on its own or in conjunction with ETEC or rotavirus in gnotobiotic lambs 6 days of age or older. There was no evidence from these experiments to suggest that Crypto¬ sporidium sp or lamb rotavirus enhanced the pathogenic effect of ETEC in 4 to 7-day-old gnotobiotic ...
https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/30751
Abstract: PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF Cryptosporidium spp. IN LAMBS ON THE HUASTECA ALTA REGION, STATE OF...Abstract: PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF Cryptosporidium spp. IN LAMBS ON THE HUASTECA ALTA REGION, STATE OF...
Abstract Text: Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes enteric infection in several mammalian species, including humans. This infection has a major impact in immunocompromised domestic mammals and public health because the parasite oocysts are resistant to environment and can contaminate food and water. In sheep, cryptosporidiosis is presented with mild to severe yellowish diarrhea, plus weight loss, depression, abdominal pain, and eventually the animal may die; usually, it is more common in lambs 1-30 days old. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., and identify the species of the oocysts in lambs maintained in extensive grazing systems at the Huasteca Alta region, State of Veracruz, Mexico. From March to June 2012, two hundred and ten fecal samples were collected from Blackbelly x Pelibuey lambs 7-21 days old, from 21 flocks located in seven locations at the Huasteca Alta region. The samples were processed by performing a ...
https://asas.confex.com/asas/jam2014/webprogram/Paper7984.html
Welcome to CDC stacksWelcome to CDC stacks
The goal of this study was to evaluate temporal and spatial variations in the reporting of cases of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis to a passive surveillance system, and to assess the relationship of those variations to source of drinking water, adjusting for socioeconomic variables.,The authors analyzed temporal and spatial patterns for 4,058 cases of giardiasis and 230 cases of cryptosporidiosis reported to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health for 1993-1996. They linked each reported case to a database containing information on source of residential water supply and socioeconomic characteristics and evaluated the association between these factors and reporting rates using regression techniques.,Reports of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis were highest for the mixed unfiltered drinking water supply category. Reports of giardiasis were associated with income levels. Increases in reporting for both giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis were seen in summer to early fall. During a suspected ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/64925
A survey of risk factors for cryptosporidiosis in New York City : Drinking water and other exposures. | Base documentaire |...
We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of known and theoretical exposure risks for cryptosporidiosis among selected New York City residents. Subjects were recruited from outpatients attending either a practice for persons with HIV infection n=160, or other medical practices n=153, at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center....
http://www.bdsp.ehesp.fr/Base/179816/
Cryptosporidiosis | Crypto | MedlinePlusCryptosporidiosis | Crypto | MedlinePlus
Cryptosporidiosis or Crypto is an illness caused by a parasite that lives in soil, food and water. Learn the common symptoms and what you should do.
https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html
Cryptosporidia
Once thought to be rare and host specific, Cryptosporidia is now believed to be one of the top three diarrheal causing pathogens in the world. Cryptosporidia muris was recognized in 1907 by E. E. Tyzer. Since then twenty (20) species of Cryptosporidium have been discovered and named although recently sixteen (16) of those twenty (20) have come under speculation due to recent cross-transmission studies. Cryptosporidia is a protozoan parasite which lives in the intestines and respiratory epitheliums of many types of animals including mammals, birds and reptiles. The disease caused by Cryptosporidia is known as Cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidia is found all over the world and is transmitted via fecal oral contact. Usually this is due to water contaminated by animal feces. Infected calves excrete up to 10 billion Cryptosporidium oocysts (infectious stage) per day. The infectious dose in humans is only 10-100. However, contaminated food or direct contact with feces can also cause infection ...
http://web.uconn.edu/mcbstaff/graf/Student%20presentations/Cryptosporidiosis/cryptosporidiosis.html
Conjunctivitis in pheasants associated with cryptosporidial infection | Veterinary Record
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
http://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/118/8/211
ATCC - 87760ATCC - 87760
Arrowood MJ, et al. Effects of immune colostrum and orally administered antisporozoite monoclonal antibodies on the outcome of Cryptosporidium parvum infections in neonatal mice. Infect. Immun. 57: 2283-2288, 1989. PubMed: 2744847 Arrowood MJ, Sterling CR. Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients. J. Parasitol. 73: 314-319, 1987. PubMed: 3585626 ...
https://www.atcc.org/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Molecular_Biology/Genomic_Libraries/87760.aspx
Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum) - Minnesota Dept. of HealthCryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium parvum) - Minnesota Dept. of Health
The Safer Farm Animal Contact Exhibits (Safer FACEs) training program can help you understand the risks of illness and injury from farm animals, and how to protect your visitors. Complete this free online training and the Minnesota Department of Health will provide certification that your venue has learned about these issues.. ...
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/cryptosporidiosis/index.html
United Utilities engineers work to flush out water bug trace as firm keeps boil water warning in force | Blog PrestonUnited Utilities engineers work to flush out water bug trace as firm keeps boil water warning in force | Blog Preston
A. Cryptosporidium is a microscopic organism which exists in the environment in a form called an oocyst. These oocysts are tiny - less than one-tenth the thickness of a human hair! The parasite is commonly found in cattle, sheep, humans and many other mammals as well as birds, fish and reptiles. These oocysts, if ingested, can cause a gastrointestinal illness called cryptosporidiosis. People most commonly develop cryptosporidiosis after coming into contact an infected animal (including domestic pets), or an infected person, or by consuming contaminated food, milk or water. Many recent outbreaks have been associated with swimming in contaminated pools both in the UK and abroad. We minimise the risk from Cryptosporidium by protecting our raw water sources from contamination by careful catchment management. Any cryptosporidium oocysts which do make it to our raw water are removed by the treatment processes we use at our water treatment works.. Q. What are you currently doing to get our water ...
http://www.blogpreston.co.uk/2015/08/united-utilities-engineers-work-to-flush-out-water-bug-trace-as-firm-keeps-boil-water-warning-in-force/
Cryptosporidium and giardia parasites - Dr. Becker Talks About Cryptosporidiosis hogyan lehet megtisztitani a bélek a...
AIM: The aims of the study were to evaluate the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species from different water sources as well as to monitor and characterize the oo cyst contamination sources in watersheds. Eredmények: Magasabb oo cystaszámokat szennyvízbefolyások után, illetve erdei környezetben mutattunk ki. A vizsgálatok megerősítették, hogy a szarvasmarhatelepek jelentős vízszennyező források lehetnek, a vízimadarak pedig szerepet játszhatnak az oo cysták terjesztésében.
http://playpubhouse.hu/1299-cryptosporidium-and-giardia-parasites.php
Water Research Center - AboutWater Research Center - About
Used alone, UV radiation does not improve the taste, odor, or clarity of water. UV light is a very effective disinfectant, although the disinfection can only occur inside the unit. There is no residual disinfection in the water to inactivate bacteria that may survive or may be introduced after the water passes by the light source. The percentage of microorganisms destroyed depends on the intensity of the UV light, the contact time, raw water quality, and proper maintenance of the equipment. If material builds up on the glass sleeve or the particle load is high, the light intensity and the effectiveness of treatment are reduced. At sufficiently high doses, all waterborne enteric pathogens are inactivated by UV radiation. The general order of microbial resistance (from least to most) and corresponding UV doses for extensive (,99.9%) inactivation are: vegetative bacteria and the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia at low doses (1-10 mJ/cm2) and enteric viruses and ...
https://www.water-research.net/index.php/about/18-water-treatment
Water Research Center - ReportsWater Research Center - Reports
Used alone, UV radiation does not improve the taste, odor, or clarity of water. UV light is a very effective disinfectant, although the disinfection can only occur inside the unit. There is no residual disinfection in the water to inactivate bacteria that may survive or may be introduced after the water passes by the light source. The percentage of microorganisms destroyed depends on the intensity of the UV light, the contact time, raw water quality, and proper maintenance of the equipment. If material builds up on the glass sleeve or the particle load is high, the light intensity and the effectiveness of treatment are reduced. At sufficiently high doses, all waterborne enteric pathogens are inactivated by UV radiation. The general order of microbial resistance (from least to most) and corresponding UV doses for extensive (,99.9%) inactivation are: vegetative bacteria and the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia at low doses (1-10 mJ/cm2) and enteric viruses and ...
https://www.water-research.net/index.php/reports/18-water-treatment
Author: Rutherford, Mark S. - PubAg Search ResultsAuthor: Rutherford, Mark S. - PubAg Search Results
The impact of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on host cell gene expression was investigated by microarray analysis with an in vitro model using human ileocecal HCT-8 adenocarcinoma cells. We found changes in 333 (2.6%) transcripts at at least two of the five (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) postinfection time points. Fifty-one of the regulated genes were associated with apoptosis and were grouped into f ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?per_page=50&q=%22Rutherford%2C+Mark+S.%22&search_field=author
Compensation Recovered Following Illness At Alcudia Pins Hotel
More than 1,900 holidaymakers recovered over £3.2 million after an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at the Alcudia Pins Hotel, Majorca. A number of holidaymakers were left with long term symptoms including irritable bowel syndrome. We were successful in recovering damages from tour operator My Travel on behalf of over 1,900 holidaymakers who stayed at the Alcudia Pins Hotel, Majorca between June and September 2003 after their holidays were ruined by an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. Holidaymakers complained about the quality of the accommodation, attitude of the hotel staff and tour operator representatives, cleanliness in and around the swimming pools and poor food hygiene standards. On 23 July 2003, after hundreds of guests had fallen ill with gastric symptoms, a water sample was taken from the hotels main swimming pool and tested. The results revealed that the pool was contaminated with the waterborne parasite cryptosporidium. The swimming pool was closed for 2 weeks and disinfected. Despite ...
http://www.holidayclaims.com/our-previous-cases/illness-claims/majorca/alcudia-pins-group-action
Chapter 345. Cryptosporidiosis | Rudolphs Pediatrics, 22e | AccessPediatrics | McGraw-Hill MedicalChapter 345. Cryptosporidiosis | Rudolphs Pediatrics, 22e | AccessPediatrics | McGraw-Hill Medical
Cryptosporidium completes its life cycle within a single host1,11(Fig. 345-1). Infection occurs after ingesting the sporulated, thick-walled oocysts. Excystation occurs in the small intestine after exposure to bile salts and pancreatic enzymes, releasing four sporozoites. These sporozoites penetrate a surface epithelial cell in the intestinal mucosa and form an intracellular parasitophorous vacuole. They then differentiate into uninuclear trophozoites, which undergo asexual replication (merogony) to form type I meronts. The type I meront can then autoinfect other surface epithelial cells or differentiate into a type II meront. The type II meront then undergoes gametogomy, producing both microgametocytes and macrogametocytes. These gametocytes fertilize to produce oocysts. The life cycle is complete when the oocysts undergo sporogomy, resulting in infectious sporozoites within the oocysts. Approximately 80% of the oocysts produced in this fashion are environmentally resistant, thick-walled cysts ...
http://accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=455§ionid=40310644
Cryptosporidiosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Experience from the Milwaukee Outbreak) | SpringerLinkCryptosporidiosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Experience from the Milwaukee Outbreak) | SpringerLink
The 1993 Milwaukee Cryptosporidium outbreakposed several questions regarding appropriate managementand prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease patientsacutely infected with this organism. We prospecti
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1018828507990
Nonpoint source water pollution regulations in the United StatesNonpoint source water pollution regulations in the United States
ISBN 1-86094-417-5. "Cryptosporidiosis." Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. CDC. 5 Sept 2007. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpoint_source_water_pollution_regulations_in_the_United_States
CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium
1987 Carroll County Cryptosporidiosis outbreak 1993 Milwaukee Cryptosporidiosis outbreak 1998 Sydney water crisis Escherichia ... cryptosporidiosis) that primarily involves watery diarrhea (intestinal cryptosporidiosis), sometimes with a persistent cough ( ... Cryptosporidium causes cryptosporidiosis, an infection that may present as a diarrhoea, sometimes with a persistent cough in ... Cryptosporidiosis is typically an acute, short-term infection, can be recurrent through reinfection in immunocompetent hosts, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium
Anal sexAnal sex
... cryptosporidiosis; E. coli infections; giardiasis; gonorrhea; hepatitis A; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; herpes simplex; Kaposi's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sex
Cryptosporidium parvumCryptosporidium parvum
"DPDx - Cryptosporidiosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 2018-03-18. DuPont, Herbert L ... As of January 2015[update], nitazoxanide is the only drug approved for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent ... Cryptosporidium parvum is one of several species that cause cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic disease of the mammalian intestinal ... Extra-intestinal sites include the lung, liver, and gall bladder, where it causes respiratory cryptosporidiosis, hepatitis, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium_parvum
GiardiasisGiardiasis
... and cryptosporidiosis]". Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz. 47 (7): 698-704. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardiasis
Feline zoonosisFeline zoonosis
Cryptosporidiosis in cats is rare, but they can carry the protozoan without showing any signs of illness. Cryptosporidiosis can ... Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease that is transmitted through contaminated food or water from an infected person or ... Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) Cats transmit the protozoan through their feces. The symptoms in people weight loss ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_zoonosis
Cryptosporidium serpentisCryptosporidium serpentis
Cryptosporidiosis infection has been documented in a variety of snake species worldwide, such as North American Corn snakes ( ... Cryptosporidiosis in Snakes. 1996. https://www.addl.purdue.edu/newsletters/1996/summer/snakes.shtml Molecular Analysis of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium_serpentis
Water supply and sanitation in the United StatesWater supply and sanitation in the United States
"Cryptosporidiosis and Drinking Water". Virginia Department of Health. 2007. "Revealing the Complicated Nature of Tap Water Lead ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States
John T. SinnottJohn T. Sinnott
Montero JA, Sinnott JT, Holt DA, Lloyd C (2001). "Biliary cryptosporidiosis: current concepts". Infections in Medicine. 18 (6 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Sinnott
Cryptosporidium hominisCryptosporidium hominis
"CDC Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 29 February 2000. Retrieved 18 April 2008. "Virginia ... nitazoxanide has been approved for treatment of diarrhea resulting from cryptosporidiosis. The effectiveness of nitazoxanide in ... that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract resulting in the gastroenteritis and diarrhea characteristic of cryptosporidiosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium_hominis
Swimming pool sanitationSwimming pool sanitation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (22 January 2009). "Cryptosporidiosis (also known as "Crypto")". CDC.gov. Department ... while other diseases associated with untreated pools are Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis. Other illnesses commonly occurring ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool_sanitation
Cryptosporidium fragileCryptosporidium fragile
Kváč, M; McEvoy, J; Stenger, B; Clark, M (2014). "Chapter 5: Cryptosporidiosis in other vertebrates. 5.2.1: Anura". In Cacciò, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium_fragile
Kay MehrenKay Mehren
"Cryptosporidiosis in zoo and wild animals." In Erkrankungen der Zootiere. Verhandlungsbericht des 29. Internationalen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Mehren
Una M. RyanUna M. Ryan
Xiao, Lihua; Ryan, Una M (October 2004). "Cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology". Current Opinion in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Una_M._Ryan
1993 in science1993 in science
March 23 - Start of Milwaukee Cryptosporidiosis outbreak. July 15 - A study published by Dean Hamer and others in the United ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_in_science
EimeriaEimeria
doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00116-8. Foreyt WJ (1990). "Coccidiosis and Cryptosporidiosis in Sheep and Goats". Veterinary Clinics ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eimeria
Crummock WaterCrummock Water
"DEFRA - North Cumbria Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis Study" (PDF). Retrieved 24 February 2015. "Times & Star - Public misled over ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crummock_Water
Cryptosporidium varaniiCryptosporidium varanii
Avian associated cryptosporidiosis has been found in Uromastyx spp. and Green iguanas (Iguana iguana) with detrimental effects ... C. varanii has been primarily documented in captive lizards, although cryptosporidiosis does exist among free-living lizard ... In mammals, most Cryptosporidius infections (cryptosporidiosis) are self-limiting and treatment has been developed for ... https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/cryptosporidiosis.pdf Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium_varanii
North BattlefordNorth Battleford
In 2001, a problem with the city's water system led to the infection of approximately 6,280 people with cryptosporidiosis; a ... "WATERBORNE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS OUTBREAK, NORTH BATTLEFORD, SASKATCHEWAN, SPRING 2001" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on ... Between 5,800 and 7,100 people suffered from diarrheal illness, and 1,907 cases of cryptosporidiosis were confirmed. Equipment ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Battleford
ZoonosisZoonosis
Lassen B, Ståhl M, Enemark HL (June 2014). "Cryptosporidiosis - an occupational risk and a disregarded disease in Estonia". ... Cattle are an important reservoir of cryptosporidiosis, which mainly affects the immunocompromised. Reports have shown mink can ... Cryptosporidiosis can be spread to humans from pet lizards, such as the leopard gecko. Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis
Protozoan infectionProtozoan infection
Cryptosporidiosis can be contracted through contact with water, food, soil, or surfaces contaminated with feces containing the ... Cryptosporidiosis causes watery diarrhea and can resolve itself without medical intervention. It is diagnosed by examining ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoan_infection
Bobbi CampbellBobbi Campbell
... speaking outside the 1984 Democratic National Convention a month before his death from cryptosporidiosis. Born in Georgia in ... within weeks he was hospitalized with cryptosporidiosis and subsequently cryptococcal meningitis. At noon on August 15, 1984, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbi_Campbell
Water supplyWater supply
In 1987, a cryptosporidiosis outbreak is caused by the public water supply of which the filtration was contaminated, in western ... May 1989). "Large community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a filtered public water supply". N. Engl. J. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (October 1998). "Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a water ... 369 cases of cryptosporidiosis occurred, caused by a contaminated fountain in the Minnesota zoo. Most of the sufferers were ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply
Wilderness-acquired diarrheaWilderness-acquired diarrhea
The average incubation periods for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are each 7 days. Certain other bacterial and viral agents ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilderness-acquired_diarrhea
Portable water purificationPortable water purification
Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp., both of which cause diarrhea (see giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis) are common ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purification
Mountain gorillaMountain gorilla
Nizeyi, J.B.; Sebunya, D.; Dasilva, A.J.; Cranfield, M.R.; Pieniazek, N.J.; Graczyk, T.K. (2002b). "Cryptosporidiosis in people ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_gorilla
CoccidiosisCoccidiosis
Genus Cryptosporidium contains two species known to cause cryptosporidiosis, C. parvum and C. muris. Cattle are most commonly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidiosis
Intestinal spirochetosisIntestinal spirochetosis
Cryptosporidiosis Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. Reference for description: Elliot Weisenberg, M.D. "Intestinal spirochetosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_spirochetosis
Duodenal lymphocytosisDuodenal lymphocytosis
Other infections, including Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis can also be associated with an increase in IELs. The management is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenal_lymphocytosis
PlumberPlumber
Human waste can contain infectious diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, cryptosporidiosis, ascariasis, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumber
Cryptosporidiosis - Chapter 4 - 2020 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health | CDC
Cryptosporidiosis. Michele C. Hlavsa, Dawn M. Roellig. INFECTIOUS AGENT. Among the many protozoan parasites in the genus ... To protect others, cryptosporidiosis patients should not enter recreational water while ill with diarrhea and for the first 2 ... Cryptosporidiosis is endemic worldwide, and the highest rates are found in developing countries. International travel is a risk ... Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in North American travelers to Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Aug;79(2):210-14. ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/travel-related-infectious-diseases/cryptosporidiosis
CDC - DPDx - CryptosporidiosisCDC - DPDx - Cryptosporidiosis
Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been and continue to be reported in several countries . Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in the ... for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. Several kits are combined tests for Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba histolytica ... extraintestinal cryptosporidiosis (e.g., in the pulmonary or biliary tract, rarely in the pancreas) has been reported. ... are the leading causes of human cryptosporidiosis. C. meleagridis, C. felis, C. canis, C. ubiquitum, C. cuniculus, C. viatorum ...
https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/cryptosporidiosis/index.html
Cryptosporidiosis - WikipediaCryptosporidiosis - Wikipedia
Nitazoxanide is the recommended antimicrobial drug for cryptosporidiosis. ... The frequency of cryptosporidiosis has not been ... People with cryptosporidiosis should not swim in communal areas because the pathogen can reside in the anal and genital areas ... In Eastern Europe cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals is common, but there are considerable gaps in surveillance and a lack ... During the Milwaukee cryptosporidiosis epidemic (the largest of its kind), 73% of AIDS patients with CD4+ counts lower than 50 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis | Crypto | MedlinePlusCryptosporidiosis | Crypto | MedlinePlus
Cryptosporidiosis or Crypto is an illness caused by a parasite that lives in soil, food and water. Learn the common symptoms ... Cryptosporidiosis (crypto) is an illness caused by a parasite. The parasite lives in soil, food, and water. It may also be on ... The primary NIH organization for research on Cryptosporidiosis is the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ... URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html Cryptosporidiosis Also called: Crypto ...
https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html
Browsing by Subject CryptosporidiosisBrowsing by Subject "Cryptosporidiosis"
Cryptosporidiosis in children in a north Jordanian paediatric hospital  Mahgoub, E.S.; Al Mahbashi, A.; Abdul Latif, B. (‎2004 ... Cryptosporidiosis / by D. D. Juranek  Juranek, D. D; World Health Organization. Parasitic Diseases Programme (‎World Health ... Cryptosporidiosis  World Health Organization. Diarrhoeal Disease Control Programme (‎World Health OrganizationWorld Health ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Cryptosporidiosis&type=mesh
Assessing Public Health Threat Assc. w/ Waterborne CryptosporidiosisAssessing Public Health Threat Assc. w/ Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis
Assessing the Public Health Threat Associated with Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis: Report of a Workshop ... Make cryptosporidiosis reportable to CDC. Each state or city should report cryptosporidiosis cases to CDCs National Notifiable ... Determining Risk for Cryptosporidiosis in Nonoutbreak Settings The magnitude of risk for acquiring cryptosporidiosis from ... Cryptosporidiosis and surface water. Am J Public Health 1989;79:39-42. *Hayes EB, Matte TD, OBrien TR, et al. Large community ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0037331/m0037331.asp
CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiosis
... What is cryptosporidiosis?. Cryptosporidiosis, sometimes referred to as "Crypto," is a diarrheal infection ... How can cryptosporidiosis be prevented?. The best ways to prevent cryptosporidiosis are through good personal hygiene, avoiding ... How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?. Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis is made through examination of stool samples to determine ... Treatment for cryptosporidiosis. There is no completely effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis, and people with a healthy ...
https://baycare.org/health-library/cryptosporidiosis
cryptosporidiosis - WSU Insidercryptosporidiosis - WSU Insider
cryptosporidiosis. May 31, 2017. WSUs Jenni Zambriski, colleagues have one of sciences dirtiest jobs By Eric Sorensen, WSU ... cryptosporidiosis, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, WSU College of Veterinary Medicine ...
https://news.wsu.edu/tag/cryptosporidiosis/
Shigellosis and Cryptosporidiosis, Baltimore, Maryland - Volume 12, Number 7-July 2006 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal -...
Shigellosis and cryptosporidiosis are associated with waterborne and foodborne transmission (2,3). We examined Baltimore ... Shigellosis and Cryptosporidiosis, Baltimore, Maryland. Volume 12, Number 7-July 2006. Article Views: 254. Data is collected ... Shigellosis and Cryptosporidiosis, Baltimore, Maryland. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006;12(7):1164-1165. doi:10.3201/ ... No seasonal cryptosporidiosis patterns were identifiable. Two outbreaks of shigellosis occurred; in 2000 (≈50 cases) and 2002- ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/7/06-0449_article
CDC: Increase Seen in Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks - MPRCDC: Increase Seen in Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks - MPR
... there was an increase in the annual number of reported cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in the United States, according to a study ... HealthDay News) - From 2009 to 2017, there was an increase in the annual number of reported cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in the ... Over time, there was an average increase of almost 13% in the annual number of reported cryptosporidiosis outbreaks. ... "Reversing the increasing trends in annual numbers of reported cryptosporidiosis outbreaks overall and those associated with ...
https://www.empr.com/home/news/cdc-increase-seen-in-cryptosporidiosis-outbreaks/
Cryptosporidiosis - WOAH - World Organisation for Animal HealthCryptosporidiosis - WOAH - World Organisation for Animal Health
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience ...
https://www.woah.org/en/disease/cryptosporidiosis/
Delayed Time to Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladeshi Children is Associated with Greater Fecal IgA against Two Sporozoite-Expressed...Delayed Time to Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladeshi Children is Associated with Greater Fecal IgA against Two Sporozoite-Expressed...
... immunodominant and vaccine candidate antigens was associated with delayed time to subsequent cryptosporidiosis to 3 years of ... ABSTRACT Cryptosporidiosis is common in early childhood, and both diarrheal and subclinical infections are associated with ... Human immune responses in cryptosporidiosis. Future Microbiol 5: 507-519.. Borad. A. Ward. H. , 2010. . Human immune responses ... Human immune responses in cryptosporidiosis. Future Microbiol 5: 507-519.. Borad. A. Ward. H. , 2010. . Human immune responses ...
https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/104/1/article-p229.xml?rskey=qw02dF&result=26
Cryptosporidiosis: A cause of diarrhea in Bangladesh<...
Rahman M, Shahid NS, Rahman H, Sack DA, Rahman N, Hossain S. Cryptosporidiosis: A cause of diarrhea in Bangladesh. American ... Cryptosporidiosis : A cause of diarrhea in Bangladesh. In: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1990 ; Vol. 42, ... Rahman, M., Shahid, N. S., Rahman, H., Sack, D. A., Rahman, N., & Hossain, S. (1990). Cryptosporidiosis: A cause of diarrhea in ... Cryptosporidiosis : A cause of diarrhea in Bangladesh. / Rahman, M.; Shahid, N. S.; Rahman, H. et al. ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cryptosporidiosis-a-cause-of-diarrhea-in-bangladesh-4
Analysis of the Cryptosporidium spp. and gp60 subtypes linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales,...Analysis of the Cryptosporidium spp. and gp60 subtypes linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales,...
and gp60 subtypes linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2009 to 2017. *Rachel M. Chalmers. 1,2, ... and gp60 subtypes linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2009 to 2017. Parasites Vectors 12, 95 ( ... Where gp60 genotypes have been investigated in human cryptosporidiosis in Europe, IbA10G2 is the most common among C. hominis ... Mahon M, Doyle S. Waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in the South East of Ireland: weighing up the evidence. Ir J Med Sci ...
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-019-3354-6
Calf Scour: Focus on Cryptosporidiosis | HuvepharmaCalf Scour: Focus on Cryptosporidiosis | Huvepharma
... outline how to control cryptosporidiosis on the farm.  ... Cryptosporidiosis in farms. The history of the farm is ... Cryptosporidiosis Webinar Review. Article , 06.03.2019. Effective Biosecurity: Cryptosporidiosis Control in Ruminants. Article ... Control of cryptosporidiosis. Prevention is essential and is based, firstly, on limiting exposure to oocysts and, secondly, on ... Epidemiology of bovine cryptosporidiosis. The pathogen, Cryptosporidium parvum, is a widespread protozoan, not species specific ...
https://huvepharma.com/news/article/calf-scour-focus-on-cryptosporidiosis/
Climate change and infectious diseases | What We Do | NCEZID | CDCClimate change and infectious diseases | What We Do | NCEZID | CDC
Scientists predict that climate change will have devastating effects on freshwater and marine environments. For example, we could see more frequent and more severe instances of harmful algal blooms, which are the rapid growth of algae or cyanobacteria in lakes, rivers, oceans, and bays. Warming temperatures in Lake Erie have contributed to extensive toxic blooms that last into the early winter months. Harmful algal blooms can look like foam, scum, paint, or mats on the surface of water and can be different colors. They endanger our health when we eat contaminated shellfish. They also can harm pets, livestock, wildlife, and the environment. While no human deaths caused by cyanobacteria have been reported in the United States, some of these toxins can make dogs and other animals sick and possibly even cause death within hours to days. Dog deaths have been reported after dogs swam in or drank fresh water containing cyanobacterial toxins.. Additionally, scientific evidence shows that traces of ...
https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/what-we-do/climate-change-and-infectious-diseases/index.html
Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis, North Cumbria, England, 1996-2000Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis, North Cumbria, England, 1996-2000
Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidiosis, Sporadic Cryptosporidium Parvum Disease Outbreaks Drinking England Feces ... Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis Decline after Membrane Filtration of Public Water Supplies, England, 1996-2002 Cite ... An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in and around Clitheroe, Lancashire, in northwest England, during March 2000. Fifty- ... Title : Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis, North Cumbria, England, 1996-2000 Personal Author(s) : Goh, Stella;Reacher, Mark;Casemore, ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14342
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis in Reptiles | Arizona Exotics | Reptiles & Amphibians, -Lizards, -Snakes ResourcesCryptosporidiosis in Reptiles | Arizona Exotics | Reptiles & Amphibians, -Lizards, -Snakes Resources
Home » Reptiles & Amphibians » Cryptosporidiosis in Reptiles. Cryptosporidiosis in Reptiles. Cryptosporiosis is caused by an ... Clinical signs of Cryptosporidiosis in reptiles are extremely similar to that of other intestinal parasites. These include ...
https://azeah.com/reptiles-amphibians-lizards-snakes/cryptosporidiosis-reptiles
Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.)| CDCCryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.)| CDC
Access Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) case definitions; uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health ... Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) , 2012 Case Definition. *Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) , 2011 Case ... Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) , 2009 Case Definition. *Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) , 1998 Case ...
https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/?p=126628
IMSEAR at SEARO: Cryptosporidiosis.
Perera J. Cryptosporidiosis. The Ceylon Medical Journal. 1990 Dec; 35(4): 133-5. en_US. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/48550?mode=full
Cryptosporidiosis in ReptilesCryptosporidiosis in Reptiles
Cryptosporidiosis has been reported in a variety of different reptile species. This disease appears to be common in wild and ... Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis can be challenging. One method of diagnosis is the identification of oocysts within a fecal ... The most common species of Cryptosporidiosis found in reptiles is C. serpentis, C. muris and C. parvum. It has been suggested ... Strict hygiene and quarantine of infected and exposed animals are mandatory for control of Cryptosporidiosis, however most ...
https://howtomakemoneyingta5online.com/cryptosporidiosis-in-reptiles/
High dose prolonged treatment with nitazoxanide is not effective for cryptosporidiosis in HIV positive Zambian children: a...High dose prolonged treatment with nitazoxanide is not effective for cryptosporidiosis in HIV positive Zambian children: a...
We found no significant benefit in children with cryptosporidiosis despite high dose and longer treatment duration. This is the ... Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected children has proved difficult and unsatisfactory with no drugs having ... hypothesised that a prolonged course of treatment with high dose nitazoxanide would be effective in treating cryptosporidiosis ... Cryptosporidiosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in malnourished children [1, 2] and in children with AIDS [2 ...
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-9-195
String Test (Entero-test): Purpose, Procedure & ResultsString Test (Entero-test): Purpose, Procedure & Results
Cryptosporidiosis. This condition is caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium. This parasite is becoming more prevalent, in both ... Common types of protozoa parasites can cause a number of conditions, including amoebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. ...
https://www.healthline.com/health/string-test
Cryptosporidiosis | Select 5-Minute Pediatrics TopicsCryptosporidiosis | Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics
Cryptosporidiosis answers are found in the Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone ... Cryptosporidiosis is a topic covered in the Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics. To view the entire topic, please log in or ... "Cryptosporidiosis." Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics, 7th ed., Wolters Kluwer Health, 2015. Medicine Central, im. ... Cryptosporidiosis [Internet]. In: Cabana MDM, editors. Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015. [cited ...
https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14175/all/Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis Definition and Meaning - eShaoxing Definitions
Diarrheal disease is called cryptosporidiosis. It is caused by Cryptosporidia.. What is cryptosporidiosis?. Cryptosporidiosis ... In Germany, cryptosporidiosis is subject to medical reporting.. Causes. Cryptosporidiosis is caused by the Cryptosporidium ... See AbbreviationFinder for abbreviations related to Cryptosporidiosis.. Cryptosporidiosis is one of the diarrheal diseases and ... Cryptosporidiosis Definition and Meaning. by eshaoxing , Posted on May 15, 2022. May 15, 2022. ...
https://www.eshaoxing.info/cryptosporidiosis-definition-and-meaning/
Cryptosporidiosis - Crypto - in Lizards - The Open ShopsCryptosporidiosis - "Crypto" - in Lizards - The Open Shops
HomeReptilesCryptosporidiosis - "Crypto" - in Lizards. Cryptosporidiosis - "Crypto" - in Lizards Leave a comment Reptiles June ... The symptoms of cryptosporidiosis (the term used to describe the disease cause by Cryptosporidia parasites) are what you might ... The symptoms of cryptosporidiosis are fairly nonspecific and can be seen with many other diseases. To start the diagnostic ... As hard as cryptosporidiosis is to diagnose, it has proved even more difficult to treat. Veterinarians have tried numerous ...
https://theopenshops.com/2021/06/27/cryptosporidiosis-crypto-in-lizards/
CryptosporidiumOutbreaks of cryptosporidiosisGiardiasisCryptoSporadic cryptosporidiosisEffective treatment for cryptosporidiosisToxoplasmosisOutbreak of cryptosporidiosisTreatment of cryptosporidiosisCentersAssociated with waterborneIntestinal cryptosporidiosisWaterborne cryptosporidiosisDiseaseSymptomsIncidenceEndemicCampylobacteriosisDiagnosisReptiles2017DiarrheaExtraintestinalHumansShigellosisImmunocompetentSpecies1990PreventionStoolEuthanasiaHumanDiarrhoeal illnessCalvesPrevalenceRiskTransmission
Cryptosporidium18
  • To better understand cryptosporidiosis epidemiology and track infection sources, CDC has launched CryptoNet ( www.cdc.gov/parasites/crypto/cryptonet.html ), which provides Cryptosporidium genotyping and subtyping services in collaboration with state public health agencies. (cdc.gov)
  • Cryptosporidium parvum (formerly known as C. parvum genotype II) and C. hominis (formerly known as C. parvum genotype I) are the leading causes of human cryptosporidiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Cryptosporidiosis, sometimes informally called crypto, is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, a genus of protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryptosporidiosis, sometimes referred to as "Crypto," is a diarrheal infection caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium . (baycare.org)
  • Cryptosporidium oocysts remain viable in water and damp study conducted during the outbreak showed a significant soils for prolonged periods and are resistant to disinfec- association between cryptosporidiosis and consuming cold tants at concentrations usually used in water treatment unboiled mains tap water for persons served by water from (4,5). (cdc.gov)
  • Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Cryptosporidiosis is one of the diarrheal diseases and is caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium. (eshaoxing.info)
  • Cryptosporidiosis is caused by the Cryptosporidium genera Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis, which belong to the parasitic protozoa. (eshaoxing.info)
  • The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis, the illness caused by Cryptosporidium , is watery diarrhea, but an infected individual may also experience stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, fever, dehydration and weight loss. (weinberglawfirm.com)
  • Among the 155 (75%) outbreaks with a confirmed infectious etiology, 76 (49%) were caused by Cryptosporidium (which causes cryptosporidiosis, a gastrointestinal illness) and 65 (42%) by Legionella (which causes Legionnaires' disease, a severe pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a milder illness with flu-like symptoms). (cdc.gov)
  • Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrhoeal disease caused by Cryptosporidium species. (academicjournals.org)
  • Cryptosporidium en Haïti. (fichier-pdf.fr)
  • Contaminación microbiológica de las aguas subterráneas por los oocitos de Cryptosporidium en Haití. (fichier-pdf.fr)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), cryptosporidium is a microscopic parasite that causes a nasty disease, commonly known to health professionals as cryptosporidiosis or simply, "crypto. (themedicalquestions.com)
  • El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de especies de Cryptosporidium en humanos y terneros en la provincia de Van, Turquía. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Se detectó Cryptosporidium parvum en el 17.3% de las 150 muestras de heces tomadas de seres humanos. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • C. parvum se observó en el 20% de los 50 pacientes en hemodiálisis, el 32.5% de los 40 pacientes inmunosuprimidos con diarrea y el 10% de los 30 pacientes con diarrea solamente, mientras que no hubo Cryptosporidium spp. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Cryptosporidium Priming Is More Effective than Vaccine for Protection against Cryptosporidiosis in a Murine Protein Malnutrition Model. (harvard.edu)
Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis5
  • Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have also occurred in the United States when water supplies or swimming pools become contaminated. (baycare.org)
  • Radhika Gharpure, DVM, from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, and colleagues examined outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis for 2009 to 2017 for 40 states and Puerto Rico. (empr.com)
  • In this paper, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in swimming pools in the last 20 years are summarized. (environmental-expert.com)
  • In our country and other industrialized nations, C. hominis is the species most frequently detected in waterborne outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1993, two outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis occurred in large metropolitan areas (Milwaukee and Las Vegas/Clark County) and were associated with deaths among immuno-compromised persons. (cdc.gov)
Giardiasis1
  • Common types of protozoa parasites can cause a number of conditions, including amoebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. (healthline.com)
Crypto3
  • Cryptosporidiosis (crypto) is an illness caused by a parasite. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you don't know the latest about the potentially fatal disease called cryptosporidiosis or crypto, you may be putting your lizards at risk. (theopenshops.com)
  • Preventing cryptosporidiosis from entering your home centers on avoiding the purchase or adoption of animals that have any symptoms of crypto. (theopenshops.com)
Sporadic cryptosporidiosis3
  • Livestock fecal pollution these areas have a predominantly agricultural and tourism- of water sources appears to be the leading cause of human based economy and a population of approximately sporadic cryptosporidiosis in this population and shows the 160,000. (cdc.gov)
  • The incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest England before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. (cdc.gov)
  • We have previously reported a prospective case-control study of risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis in residents of Allerdale and Copeland local government districts in North Cumbria, rural northwest England, from March 1, 1996, to February 29, 2000. (cdc.gov)
Effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis2
  • There is no completely effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis, and people with a healthy immune system generally recover on their own. (baycare.org)
  • There is an urgent need for effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected children [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Toxoplasmosis3
  • Some diseases such as cryptococcosis (extrapulmonary form), chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis, salmonellosis (non-typhoid), cerebral toxoplasmosis, and Chagas' disease (reactivated form) are also included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criterion that was adapted from the definition of AIDS 8 8. (scielo.br)
  • Diseases caused by them are cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). (foodsafetynews.com)
  • It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. (nih.gov)
Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis2
  • In 1993, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis affecting greater than 400,000 persons occurred in Milwaukee. (cdc.gov)
  • The last official outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred nearly twenty years ago - but it was horrifically severe. (themedicalquestions.com)
Treatment of cryptosporidiosis3
  • Nitazoxanide has not been shown to be an effective treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected children has proved difficult and unsatisfactory with no drugs having demonstrable efficacy in controlled trials except nitazoxanide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The treatment of cryptosporidiosis usually depends on the cause of the disease. (eshaoxing.info)
Centers1
  • Those most at risk of infection are children who attend day care centers, people who take care of others with cryptosporidiosis (including child care workers, parents of infected children, and health care workers), those who swim in or drink from contaminated water sources such as streams or unprotected wells, and people who handle livestock including those visiting petting zoos. (unboundmedicine.com)
Associated with waterborne3
  • In September 1994, CDC convened a meeting to address the public health threat associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of the workshop was to assemble persons from a variety of disciplines to discuss ways to minimize the public health risks associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Shigellosis and cryptosporidiosis are associated with waterborne and foodborne transmission ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Intestinal cryptosporidiosis1
  • Symptoms and transmission of intestinal cryptosporidiosis. (bmj.com)
Waterborne cryptosporidiosis5
  • Representatives from 40 states and from regulatory and public health agencies, water utility companies, and advocacy groups discussed approaches to avoiding unnecessary boil-water advisories (i.e., statements to the public advising persons to boil water before drinking it) and preventing and controlling waterborne cryptosporidiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The work group conclusions are for consideration by persons and organizations who must assist with these issues and by those who seek to advance understanding of waterborne cryptosporidiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • To assist CDC and state public health departments in providing guidance on these issues, CDC's National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) convened a workshop entitled 'Prevention and Control of Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis: An Emerging Public Health Threat' on September 22-23, 1994. (cdc.gov)
  • and d) to stimulate discussions at all levels, especially at the local level, regarding prevention and management of waterborne cryptosporidiosis. (cdc.gov)
  • While these waterborne outbreaks are increasingly being recognized, it is unclear how much endemic waterborne cryptosporidiosis occurs due to low-level contamination of drinking water. (cdc.gov)
Disease9
  • Clinical presentation of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients varies with level of immunosuppression, ranging from no symptoms or transient disease to relapsing or chronic diarrhea or even choleralike diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and life-threatening wasting and malabsorption. (cdc.gov)
  • Cryptosporidiosis is a nationally notifiable disease. (cdc.gov)
  • While cryptosporidiosis is normally not a serious disease in healthy individuals, for people with a severely weakened immune system, it can lead to a serious or life-threatening illness. (baycare.org)
  • We examined Baltimore shigellosis and cryptosporidiosis incidence to assess whether disease risk was related to temperature or rainfall from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2004. (cdc.gov)
  • Diarrheal disease is called cryptosporidiosis. (eshaoxing.info)
  • The symptoms of cryptosporidiosis (the term used to describe the disease cause by Cryptosporidia parasites) are what you might expect from a disease that primarily affects the intestinal tract. (theopenshops.com)
  • The article presents the results of research carried out in order to support veterinary and sanitary assessment of products of slaughter pigs with invasive disease - cryptosporidiosis. (rudn.ru)
  • A national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the United Kingdom. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the pandemic, I have helped investigate a number of infectious disease outbreaks such as cryptosporidiosis in a summer camp and Clostridium perfringens intoxication at a youth conference. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms7
  • citation needed] Cryptosporidiosis may occur as an asymptomatic infection, an acute infection (i.e., duration shorter than 2 weeks), as recurrent acute infections in which symptoms reappear following a brief period of recovery for up to 30 days, and as a chronic infection (i.e., duration longer than 2 weeks) in which symptoms are severe and persistent. (wikipedia.org)
  • What are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis? (baycare.org)
  • The following are the most common symptoms of cryptosporidiosis. (baycare.org)
  • Usually, the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis are limited to the intestinal region. (eshaoxing.info)
  • The symptoms of cryptosporidiosis are fairly nonspecific and can be seen with many other diseases. (theopenshops.com)
  • After this, if they believe that cryptosporidiosis is possibly to blame for a lizard's symptoms, veterinarians will recommend specific tests to look for evidence of the parasite. (theopenshops.com)
  • Despite the growing appreciation of C parvum, a 1997 study of 511 physicians in Connecticut revealed a lack of awareness of risk factors and symptoms associated with cryptosporidiosis. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Incidence4
  • However, collectively, none of these events had distinguishable signatures in the incidence of shigellosis or cryptosporidiosis in this urban environment. (cdc.gov)
  • 2000. Risk was associated with the usual daily volume of be associated with travel to countries with higher incidence cold unboiled tap water drunk (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.14 to 1.71 per pint consumed of cryptosporidiosis (13). (cdc.gov)
  • Because of summer recreational water use, the incidence of cryptosporidiosis is highest in children and typically peaks in summer through early fall. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A higher incidence of cryptosporidiosis than in industrialized countries can be recorded in developing countries. (eshaoxing.info)
Endemic2
  • Cryptosporidiosis is endemic worldwide, and the highest rates are found in developing countries. (cdc.gov)
  • Cryptosporidiosis has been reported in many endemic species. (giaytoxinviec.com)
Campylobacteriosis2
  • Occupational animal exposure among persons with campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis - Nebraska, 2005-2015. (cdc.gov)
  • Where precipitation or extreme flooding is projected to increase in Europe, the risk of campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis could increase. (babymilkaction.org)
Diagnosis4
  • Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis is made through examination of stool samples to determine if they are infected. (baycare.org)
  • The history of the farm is important in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, which is often recurrent from year to year. (huvepharma.com)
  • Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis can be challenging. (howtomakemoneyingta5online.com)
  • If they are seen, a diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis can be made. (theopenshops.com)
Reptiles2
  • Clinical signs of Cryptosporidiosis in reptiles are extremely similar to that of other intestinal parasites. (azeah.com)
  • The most common species of Cryptosporidiosis found in reptiles is C. serpentis, C. muris and C. parvum. (howtomakemoneyingta5online.com)
20171
  • HealthDay News) - From 2009 to 2017, there was an increase in the annual number of reported cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in the United States, according to a study published online June 27 in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report . (empr.com)
Diarrhea6
  • Cryptosporidiosis is protozoal infection causing a self-limited acute gastroenteritis characterized by nonbloody watery diarrhea. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Those diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis should not swim for at least 2 weeks after diarrhea stops to help protect others. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Cryptosporidiosis becomes noticeable through pronounced watery diarrhea. (eshaoxing.info)
  • Due to cryptosporidiosis, those affected suffer from very severe diarrhea. (eshaoxing.info)
  • Moreover, cryptosporidiosis is one of the most frequent causes of diarrhea in Haiti. (intechopen.com)
  • It was clearly understood that cryptosporidiosis was detected at a high rate in the samples from the immunosuppressed patients and those who were immunosuppressed with diarrhea, and that the active and effective species that causes cryptosporidiosis in the Van region is C. parvum. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
Extraintestinal2
  • Extraintestinal cryptosporidiosis (in the biliary or respiratory tract and rarely the pancreas) has been documented in children and immunocompromised hosts. (cdc.gov)
  • While the small intestine is primarily affected, extraintestinal cryptosporidiosis (e.g., in the pulmonary or biliary tract, rarely in the pancreas) has been reported. (cdc.gov)
Humans2
  • Cryptosporidiosis rarely occurs in humans. (eshaoxing.info)
  • Proposals on veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat to obtained results of organoleptic, physical-chemical and microbiological tests as well as the danger of cryptosporidiosis pathogen for humans. (rudn.ru)
Shigellosis2
  • This conclusion is consistent with the lack of epidemics of shigellosis and cryptosporidiosis after hurricane rains in Baltimore, Maryland. (cdc.gov)
  • During the study period, 38 cases of cryptosporidiosis and 943 cases of shigellosis were reported in Baltimore. (cdc.gov)
Immunocompetent2
  • The US Food and Drug Administration has approved nitazoxanide as a treatment for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent people aged ≥1 year. (cdc.gov)
  • In immunocompetent individuals, cryptosporidiosis is primarily localized to the distal small intestine and sometimes the respiratory tract as well. (wikipedia.org)
Species2
  • Cryptosporidiosis has been reported in a variety of different reptile species. (howtomakemoneyingta5online.com)
  • The most common species of Cryptosporidiosis found in organisms are C. serpentis, C. muris and C. parvum. (giaytoxinviec.com)
19901
  • Naumova EN , Christodouleas J , Hunter PR , Syed Q . Effect of precipitation on seasonal variability in cryptosporidiosis recorded by the north west England surveillance system in 1990-1999. (cdc.gov)
Prevention1
  • Reversing the increasing trends in annual numbers of reported cryptosporidiosis outbreaks overall and those associated with treated recreational water, contact with cattle, or contact with infected persons in child care settings will require implementing effective prevention measures," the authors write. (empr.com)
Stool1
  • Over a period of 11 months, 300 single of human cryptosporidiosis were reported stool specimens were collected from chil- in 1976, and there are increasing numbers dren attending outpatient clinics as well as of reports of patients with documented in- inpatients in Princess Rahma Teaching fection with C. parvum . (who.int)
Euthanasia2
  • Strict hygiene and quarantine of infected and exposed animals are mandatory for control of Cryptosporidiosis, however most ellect euthanasia of the infected. (howtomakemoneyingta5online.com)
  • Strict hygiene and isolation of infected and exposed animals is necessary for the control of Cryptosporidiosis, however euthanasia is chosen for the majority of infections. (giaytoxinviec.com)
Human1
  • It is suggested that WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene)-based interventions should be implemented to prevent and control human cryptosporidiosis in low- and middle-income countries. (semanticscholar.org)
Diarrhoeal illness1
  • Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients with diarrhoeal illness. (nih.gov)
Calves2
  • There are no clinical findings characteristic of cryptosporidiosis in calves. (huvepharma.com)
  • Newborn calves dosed with 100 mg lasalocid three times a day for cryptosporidiosis experience muscle necrosis. (msdvetmanual.com)
Prevalence1
  • however, few studies have assessed the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in travelers. (cdc.gov)
Risk3
  • Who is at risk for cryptosporidiosis? (baycare.org)
  • In addition to AIDS patients, people at risk of developing cryptosporidiosis also include people who have to undergo immunosuppression due to organ transplantation. (eshaoxing.info)
  • Therefore, regarding cryptosporidiosis, contaminated water resources constitute a real sanitary risk mainly for children and immunocompromised individuals. (fichier-pdf.fr)
Transmission1
  • Health officials are also reminding individuals that they can help prevent the transmission of cryptosporidiosis via person-to-person contact by practicing good hygiene. (weinberglawfirm.com)
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2005
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2005 (cdc.gov)
Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions - United States, 2015 | MMWR
Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions - United States, 2015 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents (cdc.gov)
Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes...
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Medical Care of Ill Disaster Evacuees|Natural Disasters and Severe Weather
Medical Care of Ill Disaster Evacuees|Natural Disasters and Severe Weather (cdc.gov)
CDC - DPDx - Cryptosporidiosis - Diagnostic Findings
CDC - DPDx - Cryptosporidiosis - Diagnostic Findings (cdc.gov)
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Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2006 (cdc.gov)
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CDC - DPDx - Cryptosporidiosis (cdc.gov)
Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Exposed and Infected Children
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National Notifiable Diseases | Water-related Topics | Healthy Water | CDC (cdc.gov)
Communitywide Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak --- Utah, 2007
Communitywide Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak --- Utah, 2007 (cdc.gov)
Cryptosporidiosis Associated with Wildlife Center, Scotland - Volume 16, Number 5-May 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
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Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance --- United States, 2003--2005 (cdc.gov)
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Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance - United States, 2009-2010 (cdc.gov)
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Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance --- United States 1999--2002 (cdc.gov)
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Cryptosporidiosis NNDSS Summary Report for 2018 | Water-related Topics | Healthy Water | CDC (cdc.gov)
Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance - United States, 2011-2012
Cryptosporidiosis Surveillance - United States, 2011-2012 (cdc.gov)
Cryptosporidiosis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Cryptosporidiosis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Epidemiology (medscape.com)