Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus gattii
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)
Antifungal Agents
Melanins
Lung Diseases, Fungal
Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
Fluconazole
Laccase
A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
Virulence
Meningoencephalitis
Amphotericin B
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Phagocytosis
Serotyping
Drug Resistance, Fungal
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mycology
Candida
A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
Itraconazole
Lysophospholipase
Candida albicans
Cell Wall
Environmental Microbiology
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections
MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).
Virulence Factors
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
Fungal Capsules
Pheromones
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Fungal Vaccines
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Columbidae
Lung
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Yeasts
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Haploidy
Fungal Polysaccharides
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Hyphae
Opsonin Proteins
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Meningitis, Fungal
Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.
Eucalyptus
Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
Histoplasma
Blastomyces
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Macrophages, Alveolar
Urease
Gene Deletion
Sterol 14-Demethylase
An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.
Acanthamoeba castellanii
BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1/1887)
A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells. (+info)In-vivo therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine mycoses of a new formulation of deoxycholate-amphotericin B obtained by mild heating. (2/1887)
Heat-induced 'superaggregation' of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (AmB-DOC, Fungizone) was shown previously to reduce the in-vitro toxicity of this antifungal agent. We compared AmB-DOC with the formulation obtained by heating the commercial form (Fungizone, Bristol Myers Squibb, Paris, France) for 20 min at 70 degrees C, in the treatment of murine infections. An improvement of antifungal activity was obtained with heated AmB-DOC formulations due to a lower toxicity which allowed the administration of higher drug doses than those achievable with the commercial preparation. Single intravenous injections of heated AmB-DOC solutions were demonstrated to be two-fold less toxic than unheated ones to healthy mice. For mice infected with Candida albicans, the maximum tolerated dose was higher with heated than with unheated AmB-DOC solutions. In the model of murine candidiasis, following a single dose of heated AmB-DOC 0.5 mg/kg, 85% of mice survived for 3 weeks, whereas at this dose the immediate toxicity of the standard formulation in infected mice restricted the therapeutic efficacy to 25% survival. Both formulations were equally effective in increasing the survival time for murine cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Injection of heated AmB-DOC solutions at a dose two-fold higher than the maximal tolerated dose observed with the unheated preparation (1.2 mg/kg) increased the survival time by a factor of 1.4 in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. These results indicate that mild heat treatment of AmB-DOC solutions could provide a simple and economical method to improve the therapeutic index of this antifungal agent by reducing its toxicity on mammalian cells. (+info)Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice. (3/1887)
The virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates with high and low extracellular proteolytic activity was investigated in mice. No consistent relationship between proteolytic activity and virulence was observed, but isolates derived from one strain were shown to elicit different inflammatory responses. (+info)Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Spain. (4/1887)
We determined biovars and serotypes of 154 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from clinical and environmental sources from different areas of Spain. All clinical isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans. Serotypes showed an irregular distribution. C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B was isolated from necropsy specimens from goats with pulmonary disease. (+info)Cryptococcus neoformans differential gene expression detected in vitro and in vivo with green fluorescent protein. (5/1887)
Synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a reporter to detect differential gene expression in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Promoters from the C. neoformans actin, GAL7, or mating-type alpha pheromone (MFalpha1) genes were fused to GFP, and the resulting reporter genes were used to assess gene expression in serotype A C. neoformans. Yeast cells containing an integrated pACT::GFP construct demonstrated that the actin promoter was expressed during vegetative growth on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose medium. In contrast, yeast cells containing the inducible GAL7::GFP or MFalpha1::GFP reporter genes expressed significant GFP activity only during growth on galactose medium or V-8 agar, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the GAL7 and MFalpha1 promoters from a serotype D C. neoformans strain function when introduced into a serotype A strain. Because the MFalpha1 promoter is induced by nutrient deprivation and the MATalpha locus containing the MFalpha1 gene has been linked with virulence, yeast cells containing the pMFalpha1::GFP reporter gene were analyzed for GFP expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of immunosuppressed rabbits. In fact, significant GFP expression from the MFalpha1::GFP reporter gene was detected after the first week of a CNS infection. These findings suggest that there are temporal, host-specific cues that regulate gene expression during infection and that the MFalpha1 gene is induced during the proliferative stage of a CNS infection. In conclusion, GFP can be used as an effective and sensitive reporter to monitor specific C. neoformans gene expression in vitro, and GFP reporter constructs can be used as an approach to identify a novel gene(s) or to characterize known genes whose expression is regulated during infection. (+info)Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a major target of the antibody response in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (6/1887)
Cryptococcus neoformans causes infection in individuals with defective T cell function, such as AIDS, as well as without underlying disease. It has been suggested that humoral as well as cellular immunity might play an important role in the immune response to C. neoformans infection. We have recently shown, using immunoblotting, that the 70-kD hsp family of C. neoformans was the major target molecule of the humoral response in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis. In this study we also used immunoblotting to define the antibody responses in the sera of 24 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis: 21 proven and three suspected diagnoses. Anti-C. neoformans hsp70 antibody was detected in 16 of 24 (66.7%) patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Fourteen of 17 (82.3%) patients with high antigen titres (> or = 1:8) and two of seven (28.6%) patients with low titres (< or = 1:4) had detectable levels of anti-hsp70 antibody. Sera from patients positive for anti-hsp70 antibody showed high titres in the Eiken latex agglutination test for the detection of serum cryptococcal antigen. Our results indicate that the 70-kD hsp family from C. neoformans appears to be a major target molecule of the humoral response, not only in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis, but also in human patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (+info)Role of the C-C chemokine, TCA3, in the protective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response. (7/1887)
Activated T lymphocytes play a crucial role in orchestrating cellular infiltration during a cell-mediated immune (CMI) reaction. TCA3, a C-C chemokine, is produced by Ag-activated T cells and is chemotactic for neutrophils and macrophages, two cell types in a murine CMI reaction. Using a gelatin sponge model for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), we show that TCA3 is a component of the expression phase of an anticryptococcal CMI response in mice. TCA3 mRNA levels are augmented in anticryptococcal DTH reactions at the same time peak influxes of neutrophils and lymphocytes are observed. Neutralization of TCA3 in immunized mice results in reduced numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes at DTH reaction sites. However, when rTCA3 is injected into sponges in naive mice, only neutrophils are attracted into the sponges, indicating TCA3 is chemotactic for neutrophils, but not lymphocytes. We show that TCA3 is indirectly attracting lymphocytes into DTH-reactive sponges by affecting at least one other chemokine that is chemotactic for lymphocytes. Of the two lymphocyte-attracting chemokines assessed, monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), only MIP-1alpha was reduced when TCA3 was neutralized, indicating that TCA3 affects the levels of MIP-1alpha, which attracts lymphocytes into the sponges. TCA3 also plays a role in protection against Cryptococcus neoformans in the lungs and brains of infected mice, as evidenced by the fact that neutralization of TCA3 results in increased C. neoformans CFU in those two organs. (+info)Antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins in rodents and humans. (8/1887)
The prevalence and specificity of serum antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins was studied in mice and rats with experimental infection, in individuals with or without a history of potential laboratory exposure to C. neoformans, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who developed cryptococcosis, in matched samples from HIV-positive individuals who did not develop cryptococcosis, and in HIV-negative individuals. Rodents had little or no serum antibody reactive with C. neoformans proteins prior to infection. The intensity and specificity of the rodent antibody response were dependent on the species, the mouse strain, and the viability of the inoculum. All humans had serum antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins regardless of the potential exposure, the HIV infection status, or the subsequent development of cryptococcosis. Our results indicate (i) a high prevalence of antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins in the sera of rodents after cryptococcal infection and in humans with or without HIV infection; (ii) qualitative and quantitative differences in the antibody profiles of HIV-positive individuals; and (iii) similarities and differences between humans, mice, and rats with respect to the specificity of the antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins. The results are consistent with the view that C. neoformans infections are common in human populations, and the results have implications for the development of vaccination strategies against cryptococcosis. (+info)
Monoclonal antibodies can affect complement deposition on the capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans by both...
Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans | Microbiology Society
The Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Escapes Macrophages by a Phagosome Emptying Mechanism That Is Inhibited by...
Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule<...
Quimiotipagem do Cryptococcus neoformans. Revisão da literatura. Novos dados epidemiológicos sobre a criptococose. Nossa...
First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe...
Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum<...
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Franzot et al. ATCC ® 208821D
Molecular typing of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D clinical isolates • Research - Institut Pasteur
Antibody-mediated immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans promotes biofilm formation<...
RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | Genetics
Aspects of antigen mimicry revealed by immunization with a peptide mimetic of Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide. -...
Isolation of the Third Capsule-Associated Gene,CAP60, Required for Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and Immunity
Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease<...
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Is Confined to Few Microsatellite Genotypes
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Controls Virulence of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans | Molecular and Cellular...
Antibody Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide Glucuronoxylomannan in Patients after Solid-Organ...
Table 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Organ Transplant Recipients: Variables Influencing Clinical Characteristics and...
Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...
Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...
Sre1p, a regulator of oxygen sensing and sterol homeostasis, is required for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans<...
Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and alpha isolates
Cryptococcus neoformans - Wikipedia
KEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A
Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein
Summary Report | CureHunter
JCI -
Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longer
JCI -
Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longer
Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
More information about the natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
Systematic functional profiling of transcription factor networks in Cryptococcus neoformans • Research - Institut Pasteur
Major Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice | Infection and Immunity
The role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310) | The Journal of Immunology
Frontiers | TNF-α-Producing Cryptococcus neoformans Exerts Protective Effects on Host Defenses in Murine Pulmonary...
GSE17686 - Transcriptomic analysis comparing the spontaneous acapsular strain AL1114 to the parent capsulated strain AL1115 -...
Role of dectin-1 in the host defense to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (44.17) | The Journal of Immunology
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBI
reagents-molecular-assay-infection-fungiyeast-cryptococcus-neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans senses CO2 through the carbonic anhydrase Can2 and the adenylyl cyclase Cac1. - Kent Academic...
Evidence of Sexual Recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Isolates in Sub-Saharan Africa | Eukaryotic Cell
Increasing in vitro resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Cambodian isolates: April 2000 to March 2002 : Journal...
A high-throughput screening assay for fungicidal compounds against Cryptococcus neoformans.
Pheromones and Titan Cell Production in Cryptococcus neoformans - Kirsten Nielsen
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans<...
Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Produção de fatores de virulência in vitro por isolados de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii de origem clínica em...
Mapping of the Cryptococcus neoformans MATα locus: Presence of mating type-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade...
Cryptococcosis Market: Competitive Dynamics & Global Outlook 2024 - BizPR.us | US Free Press Release and Distribution center
UBIRA ETheses - How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus...
Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. | Journal of Experimental Medicine | Rockefeller...
ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF - Patent application
Growth and Pigment Production on d-Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans |...
Clinical Utility of the Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in a Diagnostic Mycology Laboratory
Cryptococcosis: Its Prevalence and Clinical Presentation among Hiv Positive and Negative Patients in Rims, Manipur - Semantic...
Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway...
Cryptococcosis - Wikipedia
Cryptococcus | Article about Cryptococcus by The Free Dictionary
Cutaneous Cryptococcus Publications and Abstracts | PubFacts.com
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans | AVESİS
Browse by Author/Supervisor - eTheses Repository
A prospective descriptive study of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV unifected patients in Vietnam - high prevalence of...
JCI -
Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
Forecasting Fatal Fungal Infections - Redorbit
ASMscience | Molecular Typing of the
Cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice is accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses<...
Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans | The EMBO Journal
Dr. Erin E. McClelland | Faculty | Middle Tennessee State University
azole resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans from intensive care patients |...
Cyclosporine Capsule size: 100 mg at PetSmart in Dover - 70558734
Activation of macrophages and expansion of specific T lymphocytes in the lungs of mice intratracheally inoculated with...
PREPARATION DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM...
Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a diabetic patient - the perils of an overzealous immune response: a case report
Home - Cryptococcus wieringae v1.0
Compare Current Fungal+Meningitis+Caused+By+Cryptococcus Drugs and Medications with Ratings & Reviews
ASMscience | Hybridization and Its Im
Differentiation of Naturally Produced Extracellular ...
Cryptococcosis
Three Klebsiella species cause life-threatening infections and share drug resistance genes | EurekAlert! Science News
Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung, teleomorph ATCC ® 34873&trad
Capsule Sizes: Empty Cap Chart w/ mg & ml Info
Pissin On The Roses: Complex Systems: Origin of Virulence; Chaos, & Radioactive Black Dirt
LSHTM Research Online
Postdoctoral position in Medical Mycology
Cryptococcosis Medication: Antifungal agents
2018 ICD-10-CM Codes B45*: Cryptococcosis
Biology-Online • View topic - The Fiber Disease
Arturo Casadevall
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates, in: Journal of ... 1998, Cryptococcus neoformans. with co-author John R. Perfect, ASM Press. Highly Cited Articles 2020, with Liise-anne Pirofski ... He has defined much of what is known about fungal pathogenesis and how fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans evade the host ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ...
Gene density
"Cryptococcus neoformans (ID 61) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14. "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/ ... "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Cryptococcus_neoformans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000091045.1_ASM9104v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. ...
Bacterial capsule
Casadevall A, Coelho C, Cordero RJ, Dragotakes Q, Jung E, Vij R, Wear MP (December 2019). "Cryptococcus neoformans". Virulence ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (July 2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: a sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews ... Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR (April 2004). "Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule". Molecular ... Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus aureus The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, though not a bacterium, has a similar ...
Tremellaceae
2004). "Genetic requirements for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans". In Domer JE, Kobayashi GS (eds.). Human Fungal ... Molecular research has also indicated that the genus Filobasidiella (and its yeast state Cryptococcus) should be included ... and the yeast genus Cryptococcus, several species of which are human pathogens, causing cryptococcosis. Fries created the ... "Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the ...
Fungemia
Aspergillus and Cryptococcus, are also called fungemia. It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised ...
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
Candida krusei
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
List of infectious diseases
Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium species Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) usually Ancylostoma braziliense ...
List of parasites of humans
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
Coccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
Pathogenic fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans is the major human and animal pathogen. Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus have been known ... Cryptococcus neoformans can cause a severe form of meningitis and meningo-encephalitis in patients with HIV infection and AIDS ... Lin X, Hull CM, Heitman J (2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection". ...
Fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can live in both plants and animals. C. neoformans usually infects the ... Perfect JR (June 2006). "Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot". FEMS Yeast Research. 6 (4): 463-8. doi:10.1111/ ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (August 2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection ... Cryptococcus neoformans. Because of similarities in morphology and lifestyle, the slime molds (mycetozoans, plasmodiophorids, ...
3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose xylosylphosphotransferase
"A novel xylosylphosphotransferase activity discovered in Cryptococcus neoformans". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (52 ...
Carlyn Halde
Halde, C.; Fraher, M. A. (1966-03-01). "Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon feces in San Francisco". California Medicine. 104 (3 ...
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
IRIS has been described in immunocompetent hosts who have meningitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans ... Lane, M.; McBride, J.; Archer, J. (23 August 2004). "Steroid responsive late deterioration in Cryptococcus neoformans variety ... in whom Cryptococcus neoformans is the usual pathogen. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids during IRIS may be beneficial in ... "Paradoxical Inflammatory Reaction during Treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii Meningitis in an HIV-Seronegative ...
Ptilomycalin A
Dalisay DS, Saludes JP, Molinski TF (2011). "Ptilomycalin A inhibits laccase and melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans". ...
Katherine Franz
She has looked at iron and copper as ionophores; which are important in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Franz also ...
Nigrosin
as well as the capsule-containing fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. The shapes and sizes of the organisms are seen as color-free ...
Laccase
"Unraveling Melanin Biosynthesis and Signalling Networks in Cryptococcus neoformans". mBio. 10 (5): e02267-19. doi:10.1128/mBio. ...
Yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... Cogliati M (2013). "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 ...
Opportunistic infection
"Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in ... Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system ...
Intracellular parasite
Cryptococcus neoformans Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the parasite's ... Alvarez, M.; Burns, T.; Luo, Y.; Pirofski, L. A.; Casadevall, A. (2009). "The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular ...
Phagolysosome
"Cryptococcus neoformans resides in an acidic phagolysosome of human macrophages". Infection and Immunity. 67 (2): 885-890. ISSN ...
Basidiomycota
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... The ability of C. neoformans and U. maydis to undergo meiosis may contribute to their virulence by repairing the oxidative DNA ...
Mucicarmine stain
One of the organisms that is identified using this staining technique is Cryptococcus neoformans. Another use is in surgical ... Lazcano, O (Jan 1993). "Combined histochemical stains in the differential diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans". Modern ...
Propagule
Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Lancet. 336(8720). Akira Sasaki and Yoh Iwasa. ...
Histatin
Tsai H, Bobek LA (October 1997). "Human salivary histatin-5 exerts potent fungicidal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ... and Cryptococcus neoformans. Histatins also precipitate tannins from solution - thus preventing alimentary adsorption. ...
Joseph Heitman
Hull, CM, Davidson, RC, Heitman, J (December 2002). "Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are ... "Mating-type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans: a step in the evolution of sex chromosomes". Eukaryotic Cell. 1 (5): 704-718. doi ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... "Sex-induced silencing defends the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans via RNAi". Genes & Development. 24 (22): 2566-82. doi: ...
List of sequenced fungi genomes
February 2005). "The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans". Science. 307 (5713): 1321 ... Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans JEC21, human pathogen (2005, other strains unpubl.) Dacryopinax sp. (2012) Tremella ...
Bafilomycin
When Cryptococcus neoformans was treated with bafilomycin, growth inhibition was observed. Bafilomycin has also been used in C ... neoformans in conjunction with calcineurin inhibitor FK506, displaying synergistic anti-fungal activity. Bafilomycin has been ...
Pulmonya, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jiroveci, at Coccidioides immitis. Ang Histoplasmosis ay pinaka-karaniwan sa Mississippi ...
Fosforibozilaminoimidazolna karboksilaza - Википедија
Biochemical role of the Cryptococcus neoformans ADE2 protein in fungal de novo purine biosynthesis". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. ...
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles
Cryptococcus neoformans - cryptosporidiosis - Cryptosporidium - CSF - CTL - cutaneous - CXCR4 - cytokines - cytomegalovirus ( ...
Zoonosis
Cryptococcus neoformans commonly - birds like pigeons inhaling fungi Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium spp. cattle, dogs, cats ...
Intracellular parasite
"The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes". BMC Microbiology. 9: 51. doi:10.1186/ ...
Meningitis, entziklopedia askea.
onddoak: Cryptococcus neoformans.. InfekzioaAldatu. Gaitza harrapatzen da: *arnas bidetik: airetik kutsatzen da gehienetan ...
Glive - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
2006). "Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot". FEMS Yeast Research 6 (4): 463-68. PMID 16696642. doi:10.1111/j. ... človekov patogen Cryptococcus neoformans.[17]. Organizmi podobni glivam[uredi , uredi kodo]. Zaradi podobnosti v morfologiji in ...
Pärmseened - Vikipeedia, vaba entsüklopeedia
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. ...
Pärmseened - Vikipeedia
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. ...
Yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular types". Scientifica ... "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 (3): 387-408. doi:10.1128/CMR. ...
真菌 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot. FEMS Yeast Research. June 2006, 6 (4): 463-8. PMID 16696642. doi:10.1111/ ... Lin X, Hull CM, Heitman J. Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans. Nature. ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J. Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection. Eukaryotic ...
Pathogen
... and Cryptococcus neoformans, which can cause a severe form of meningitis. The typical fungal spore size is ,4.7 μm in length, ... Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.[44]. Viruses may also undergo sexual interaction when two or more viral genomes ...
ക്രോമോബ്ലാസ്റ്റോമൈക്കോസിസ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cryptococcosis), Trichosporon spp (Trichosporonosis). Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
Ebolusyon, ang malayang ensiklopedya
... at Cryptococcus neoformans ay tumaas sa biomassa at mas mabilis na nagtipon ng acetate sa kapiligiran na ang lebel ng radyasyon ...
Mouth ulcer
Fungal causes include Coccidioides immitis (valley fever), Cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcosis), and Blastomyces ...
Cryptococcus neoformans
An Cryptococcus neoformans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cryptococcus, ngan familia nga Tremellaceae.[20][21] Waray hini ... neoformans Kwon-Chung 1976[3]. Lipomyces neoformans (San Felice) Cif. 1960[5]. Debaryomyces neoformans var. nasalis (F.C. ... Debaryomyces neoformans var. sheppei A. Giord. 1939[6]. Debaryomyces neoformans var. neoformans (San Felice) Redaelli, Cif. & ... Cryptococcus nasalis (F.C. Harrison) C.W. Dodge 1935[8]. Torulopsis neoformans (F.C. Harrison) Lodder 1934[9]. Torulopsis ...
Resistencia a antibióticos, a enciclopedia libre
... o Cryptococcus neoformans e o Aspergillus fumigatus causan a maioría destas infeccións e presentan con frecuencia reistencia ...
Caenorhabditis elegans
Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis". Proceedings of the National ... C. elegans can also use different species of yeast, including Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus kuetzingii, as sole ...
Cryptococcus
C. neoformans[edit]. Main article: Cryptococcus neoformans. C, neoformans is the most prominent medically important species. It ... Main article: Cryptococcus gattii. C. gattii (formerly C. neoformans var gattii) is endemic to tropical parts of the continent ... C. uniguttulatus (Filobasidium uniguttulatus is a teleomorph) was the first non-neoformans Cryptococcus to infect a human. It ... Casadevall A and Perfect JR (1998) Cryptococcus neoformans. American Society for Microbiolgy, ASM Press, Washington DC, 1st ...
Basidiomycota
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... The ability of C. neoformans and U. maydis to undergo meiosis may contribute to their virulence by repairing the oxidative DNA ...
AIDS bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
... oleh jamur Cryptococcus neoformans. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan demam, sakit kepala, lelah, mual, dan muntah. Pasien juga mungkin ...
Bacterial capsule
The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, though not a bacterium, has a similar capsule.[12] ... Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR (April 2004). "Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule". Molecular ...
Fagolisosom bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Cryptococcus neoformans resides in an acidic phagolysosome of human macrophages". Infection and Immunity. 67 (2): 885-890. ISSN ...
Brain abscess
... and Cryptococcus neoformans, though in infection with the latter organism, symptoms of meningitis generally predominate. These ... Cryptococcus, and Listeria monocytogenes Transplantation-Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Mucorales, Nocardia, and T. gondii ... Other causes include: Nocardia asteroides, Mycobacterium, Fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Mucorales, ...
Raugs - Vikipēdija
Cryptococcus neoformans un C. gattii izraisa kriptokokozi).[5] ...
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBI
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii.. Sorrell TC1.. Author information. 1. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii is emerging as a primary human pathogen which is distinct genetically and biochemically ... This enzyme has now been confirmed to play a role in the virulence of C. neoformans serotype A. Disease caused by C. n. var. ... neoformans. There is increasing evidence that it should be reclassified as a separate species within the Tremellales. In nature ...
Extracellular iron chelation in Cryptococcus neoformans. - PubMed - NCBI
Cryptococcus neoformans - Wikipedia
Media related to Cryptococcus neoformans at Wikimedia Commons A good overview of Cryptococcus neoformans biology from the ... neoformans var. grubii. A new species name, Cryptococcus deneoformans, is used for the former C. neoformans var. neoformans. C ... neoformans and C. neoformans var. grubii. A third variety, C. neoformans var. gattii, was defined as a distinct species, ... "Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex". Fungal Genetics and Biology. ...
Cryptococcus neoformans | MSDSonline
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii MW-RSA1955
Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin ATCC ® 28205™
Cryptococcus neoformans | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Evaluation of Vitek MS for Differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes Cryptococcus neoformans ... Cryptococcus neoformans Typing by PCR Fingerprinting Using (GACA)4 Primers Based on C. neoformans Genome Project Data Massimo ... Identification of Genotypically Diverse Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Isolates by Luminex xMAP Technology M. ... Molecular Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans Serotypes A. Enache-Angoulvant, J. Chandenier, F. Symoens, P. Lacube, J. ...
RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | Genetics
1990 Isolation of the URA5 gene from Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and its use as a selective marker for ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ...
Cryptococcus neoformans - microbewiki
C. neoformans v. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans v. neoformans (serotype D). Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans. A ... Global Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types. Scientifica ... Genetic control of susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. Infect. Immun. 12. Kechichian TB, Shea J, Del Poeta M. ... Fungi pathogenic to humans: Molecular bases of virulence of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus ...
Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin ATCC ® MYA-4567&trad
Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC ® MYA-4567™ Designation: WM629 [CBS 10079] Application: Emerging infectious disease research ... Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (ATCC® MYA-4567™) Alternate State: Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung / Strain ... Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med. Mycol. 47(6):561-570, ... Rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of ...
Cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection symptoms, treatments & forums | PatientsLikeMe
5 patients with cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, and insomnia ... Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection at ... What is cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection?. Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like fungus which causes life- ... 1 a cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection patient reports mild pain (25%). * 0 cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection ...
Cyclic AMP signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans
JCI -
Glucosylceramide synthase is an essential regulator of pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans
C. neoformans Gcs1 produces GlcCer. To examine whether the C. neoformansGCS1 gene encodes for GCS, the C. neoformansGCS1 gene ... C. neoformans GCS1 gene encodes for GCS. (A) In vivo labeling of C. neoformans WT, Δgcs1, and Δgcs1 + GCS1 using [3H]-DHS. The ... neoformans, and addition of human antibodies against C. neoformans GlcCer to in vitro C. neoformans culture inhibits cell ... Pathogenesis of cerebralCryptococcus neoformans infection after fungemia. J. Infect. Dis. 186:522-530. View this article via: ...
Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans
... Description. Cryptococcus neoformans (teleomorph: Filobasidiella spp.) is ... Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans. Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology Laboratory ... The main problem with the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans is that it is a nondescript yeast upon primary isolation. While ... Cryptococcosis (an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans) is a trademark secondary infection in AIDS patients and most other ...
Complex selection on intron size in Cryptococcus neoformans. | Broad Institute
Extracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans
The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), ... Extracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans Mol Microbiol. 2001 Jan;39(1):166-75. ... The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), ... We cloned a phospholipase-encoding gene (PLB1) from C. neoformans and constructed plb1 mutants using targeted gene disruption. ...
Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection.. B C Fries, F Chen, B P Currie, A Casadevall ... Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... The electrophoretic karyotypes of 32 clinical and 3 environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from New York City were ... Sequential C. neoformans isolates from patients with chronic or relapsing infection had very similar karyotypes. However, minor ...
KEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A
Diagnostic Challenges of Cryptococcus neoformans in an Immunocompetent Individual Masquerading as Chronic Hydrocephalus
... predominance of Cryptococcus neoformans compared with Cryptococcus gattii," International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. ... I. Bose, A. J. Reese, J. J. Ory, G. Janbon, and T. L. Doering, "A yeast under cover: the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans," ... Y.-Y. Lin, S. Shiau, and C.-T. Fang, "Risk factors for invasive Cryptococcus neoformans diseases: a case-control study," PLoS ... W. S. Cheon, K.-S. Eom, B. K. Yoo et al., "A case of pulmonary cryptococcosis by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans," ...
Cryptococcus neoformans - Volume 14, Number 5-May 2008 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(5):762. doi:10.3201/eid1405.e11405.. ... 2008). Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(5), 762. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.e11405.. ... C. neoformans is an encapsulated yeastlike fungus of the family Cryptococcaceae. It was first described in 1894 by German ... Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(5):762. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.e11405. ...
Frontiers | Capsule Enlargement in Cryptococcus neoformans Is Dependent on Mitochondrial Activity | Microbiology
During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. It is ... During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. It is ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised ...
Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and Immunity
Cryptococcus neoformans Evades Pulmonary Immunity by Modulating Xylose Precursor Transport Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. While C. neoformans affects mainly immunocompromised patients,... ... Lipids Affect the Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interaction and Promote Nonlytic Exocytosis Sabrina J. Nolan, Man Shun Fu ... Human IgM Inhibits the Formation of Titan-Like Cells in Cryptococcus neoformans Human studies have shown associations between ...
Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and Immunity
Cryptococcus neoformans Gene Involved in Mammalian Pathogenesis Identified by a Caenorhabditis elegans Progeny-Based Approach ... Receptor-Mediated Clearance of Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide In Vivo Lauren E. Yauch, Michael K. Mansour, ... Differential Localization of Complement Component 3 within the Capsular Matrix of Cryptococcus neoformans Marcellene A. Gates, ... Role of AFR1, an ABC Transporter-Encoding Gene, in the In Vivo Response to Fluconazole and Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans ...
For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology
"For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology." Medical News ... Hogan, G. (2009, August 20). "For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For ... For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology. ... C. neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, has a defined sexual cycle with two mating types. In nature and clinical ...
Genes | Free Full-Text | Sexual Differentiation Is Coordinately Regulated by Cryptococcus neoformans CRK1 and GAT1
C. neoformans Cdk-related kinase 1 (CRK1) is a negative regulator of bisexual mating. In this study, we characterized the ... A bioinformatics survey predicted the C. neoformans GATA transcriptional factor Gat1 as a potential substrate of Crk1 kinase. ... Our genetic and phenotypic findings revealed that C. neoformans GAT1 and CRK1 formed a regulatory circuit to negatively ... Phenotypic results showed that, although deletion of C. neoformans CRK1 gene increased the efficiency of bisexual mating, ...
JCI -
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. ... The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. ... neoformans. To understand the role of VAD1 in virulence, a functional genomics approach was used to identify 3 additional ...
A PEACH OF A PATHOGEN: CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS | SCQ
Cryptococcus neoformans is pathogen. Cryptococcus neoformans is also an opportunist. Over the past 10 years, infections of this ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: Separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. J Clin Microbiol ... neoformans var. gattii, while the others are known as C. neoformans var. grubii (A) and C. neoformans var. neoformans (D). It ... neoformans and C. neoformans var. gatti. Pathogenic Qualities Cryptococcus as a genus contains approximately 37 species and out ...
Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. | JEM
Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.. G Nussbaum, R Yuan, A Casadevall, M D ... Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.. G Nussbaum, R Yuan, A Casadevall, M D ... Vaccination and infection can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies to the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. The ... The results have important implications for the development of vaccines and passive antibody therapy against C. neoformans. ...
Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic...
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a ... Does amoeboid reasoning explain the evolution and maintenance of virulence factors in Cryptococcus neoformans? - Dec 18, 2001 ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ...
CryptococcosisInfectionGrubiiPathogen Cryptococcus neoformansSerotypeAbstractSpeciesIsolatesFungusCerebrospinal fluidCryptococcal meningitisVirulence of Cryptococcus neoformansBasidiomycetousMacrophagesMeningoencephalitisFilobasidiellaPathogenesisCapsuleFungiClinicalPolysaccharideYeastsOpportunistic pathogenAntifungalImmunityProteinMelaninInfectionsSusceptibilityMicrobiologyResistanceMeningitisPulmonaryImmuneMolecularMorphologicalImmunocompetentVitroGeneMacrophageOrganismSerotypesPhenotypicGenesPatientsCells
Cryptococcosis19
- Infection with C. neoformans is termed cryptococcosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the main pathogenic species of invasive cryptococcosis among the Cryptococcus species. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcosis (an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans ) is a trademark secondary infection in AIDS patients and most other cases are in patients with some other predisposing condition (such as lupus erythematosus, lymphoma, or leukemia). (emsl.com)
- M. Chan, D. Lye, M. K. Win, A. Chow, and T. Barkham, "Clinical and microbiological characteristics of cryptococcosis in Singapore: predominance of Cryptococcus neoformans compared with Cryptococcus gattii ," International Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol. 26, pp. 110-115, 2014. (hindawi.com)
- A case of pulmonary cryptococcosis by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans ," Korean Journal of Internal Medicine , vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 83-87, 2006. (hindawi.com)
- Cryptococcosis is a systemic infectious disease mainly caused by fungal species from the Cryptococcus genus. (frontiersin.org)
- People who suffer from AIDS or who are receiving immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant are at risk of contracting cryptococcosis , the disease for which a C. neoformans infection is the cause [1]. (ubc.ca)
- T. G. Mitchell and J. R. Perfect, "Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS-100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans ," Clinical Microbiology Reviews , vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 515-548, 1995. (hindawi.com)
- Mitchell TG, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS - 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
- In this study, 2,3-dihydro-1 H -indolizinium alkaloid-prosopilosidine (PPD), that was isolated from Prosopis glandulosa , was evaluated against C. neoformans in a murine model of cryptococcosis. (mdpi.com)
- Protection against Experimental Cryptococcosis following Vaccination with Glucan Particles Containing Cryptococcus Alkaline Extracts. (umassmed.edu)
- No recognition of the Cryptococcus neoformans colonies developed in culture media usually employed for the bacteriologic diagnosis can cause a lack of cryptococcosis' diagnosis, when this disease is not suspected or develops from unusual samples. (scielo.org.ar)
- First, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)-reactive mouse and human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) prolong survival in lethal experimental cryptococcosis in mice, and B-cell deficiency alters the pathogenesis of C. neoformans in mice (reviewed in reference 7 ). (asm.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a spherical, encapsulated, basidiomycetous yeast and the causative agent of cryptococcosis, a form of meningitis that affects the central nervous system of immunocompromised individuals (immunocompromised means patients with compromised immune systems). (uncg.edu)
- Upon exposure to C. neoformans patients may develop a disease known as cryptococcosis, a condition associated with pulmonary infections that may result in lethal meningoencephalitis. (uncg.edu)
- This case study reports the anatomopathology of respiratory cryptococcosis in ovine and the recuperation and identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (usda.gov)
- Cryptococcosis is caused by the fungal genus Cryptococcus. (elsevier.com)
- This article reviews innate and adaptive immune responses to C. neoformans, with an emphasis on recent studies on the role of B cells, natural IgM and Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms in resistance to cryptococcosis. (elsevier.com)
- Animal studies confirm the importance of SRE1 for C. neoformans to adapt to the host environment and to cause fatal meningoencephalitis, thereby identifying the SREBP pathway as a therapeutic target for cryptococcosis. (northwestern.edu)
Infection33
- However, fungal meningitis and encephalitis, especially as a secondary infection for AIDS patients, are often caused by C. neoformans, making it a particularly dangerous fungus. (wikipedia.org)
- In human infection, C. neoformans is spread by inhalation of aerosolized basidiospores, and can disseminate to the central nervous system, where it can cause meningoencephalitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Once C. neoformans spores have been inhaled, infection begins. (kenyon.edu)
- When you share what it's like to have cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection through your profile, those stories and data appear here too. (patientslikeme.com)
- Got a question about living with cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection? (patientslikeme.com)
- Who has cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection on PatientsLikeMe? (patientslikeme.com)
- Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. (asm.org)
- Sequential C. neoformans isolates from patients with chronic or relapsing infection had very similar karyotypes. (asm.org)
- S. Xie, R. Sao, A. Braun, and E. J. Bottone, "Difference in Cryptococcus neoformans cellular and capsule size in sequential pulmonary and meningeal infection: a postmortem study," Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease , vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 49-52, 2012. (hindawi.com)
- During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. (frontiersin.org)
- Vaccination and infection can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies to the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. (rupress.org)
- Antibody isotype and epitope specificity are important in determining the ability to prolong survival in mice given a lethal C. neoformans infection. (rupress.org)
- Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: Variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome. (springer.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is eradicated by macrophages via production of NO. Unmethylated CpG-ODN protect mice from infection with this fungal pathogen by inducing IFN-γ. (wiley.com)
- We sought to determine the role of Notch signaling in C. neoformans infection. (jimmunol.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes meningoencephalitis in normal individuals but more frequently presents as an opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS, leukemia, lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin lymphoma, or sarcoidosis and in transplant recipients. (humpath.com)
- Many of these patients receive high-dose corticosteroids, a major risk factor for Cryptococcus infection. (humpath.com)
- Most infections with C. neoformans consist of a lung infection. (humpath.com)
- However, fungal meningitis, especially as a secondary infection for AIDS patients, is often caused by C. neoformans making it a particularly dangerous fungus. (humpath.com)
- As an infectious fungus that affects the respiratory tract, Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) commonly causes asymptomatic pulmonary infection. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Results from experimental mouse models and human cases of cryptococcal meningitis have indicated that C. neoformans infection may also spread to the brain ( 4 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- To defend against C. neoformans infection in the initial phase, the host employs several types of innate immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils, which phagocytize invading fungi and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen species (RNS) and chlorine species to aid in host protection ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Latent infection, and new exposure from inhalation of environmental C. neoformans are just some factors as to why people come down with disease. (ubc.ca)
- We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- With this study we hope to identify a group of molecules of innate immunity which influence the risk and severity of invasive C neoformans infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Patients diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans infection will be identified from a data base overseen by Dr. Peter Pappas. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The prostate gland is a common site for persistent and recurrent Cryptococcus neoformans infection after amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1, 2). (annals.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycetous yeast capable of causing fatal infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, including a prevalence of infection of up to 15% of patients with AIDS ( 9 , 21 ). (asm.org)
- The most common clinical manifestation of C. neoformans infection, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, is usually incurable in immunocompromised patients despite antifungal therapy ( 9 , 21 ). (asm.org)
- The vast majority of infection with cryptococcal species occurs with Cryptococcus neoformans in the severely immunocompromised. (semanticscholar.org)
- It causes a serious infection which we can treat, but it is still associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and is correctly called the sugar-coated killer In C. neoformans , all the keys are in place to unlock the mysteries of what it means to be a fungal pathogen. (asmscience.org)
- Piersiala K, Loroch A, Dadej D, Kaik J, Rozpłochowski B, Mozer-Lisewska I. A case of severe meningoencephalitis co-infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Treponema pallidum in an HIV-positive patient. (termedia.pl)
- Contrary to the simple expectation that immunosuppression would exacerbate infection, as it does in human patients, CsA instead protected mice from C.neoformans infection. (embopress.org)
Grubii5
- grubii and C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
- grubii , serotype A (3), C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
- grubii / neoformans has been isolated worldwide ratories, and 3) to apply PCR fingerprinting and URA5 RFLP from soil enriched with avian excreta (4,5). (cdc.gov)
- C. neoformans v. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans v. neoformans (serotype D). Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans . (kenyon.edu)
- neoformans (D). It is the variations grubii and neoformans that are most commonly associated with disease. (ubc.ca)
Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans9
- We conducted a genome-wide analysis of the roles of mutation and selection in sculpting intron size in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (broadinstitute.org)
- The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (genome.jp)
- Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (rupress.org)
- N. Mozaffarian, A. Casadevall, and J. W. Berman, "Inhibition of human endothelial cell chemokine production by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans ," Journal of Immunology , vol. 165, no. 3, pp. 1541-1547, 2000. (hindawi.com)
- India ink stain to reveal the polysaccharide capsule on yeast cells of the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (ubc.ca)
- and the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans , the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis, which is responsible for 15% of all HIV-related deaths. (ubc.ca)
- Cell wall chitosan is necessary for virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
- The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has several virulence factors, among which the most important is a polysaccharide capsule. (elsevier.com)
- We find that growth of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is sensitive to CsA and FK506 at 37°C but not at 24°C, suggesting that CsA and FK506 inhibit a protein required for C.neoformans growth at elevated temperature. (embopress.org)
Serotype6
- This enzyme has now been confirmed to play a role in the virulence of C. neoformans serotype A. Disease caused by C. n. var. (nih.gov)
- The larger number of genotype VNI iso- mans , serotype D, C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
- Adenine auxotrophs from a clinical isolate of C. neoformans serotype A were complemented by the cryptococcal phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase gene (ade2) with a biolistic DNA delivery system. (asm.org)
- It has been observed that clinical as well as environmental isolates of C . neoformans are predominantly MATα ( 16 ), and it has been shown that among serotype D strains, MATα cells are more virulent than MATa cells in the murine model ( 17 ). (rupress.org)
- The structures of C. neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) (serotype B) and galactoxylomannan (GalXM) are shown. (pnas.org)
- neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. (who.int)
Abstract2
- ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast causing around 600 000 deaths annually. (cuni.cz)
- abstract = "Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. (northwestern.edu)
Species12
- gattii, was defined as a distinct species, Cryptococcus gattii. (wikipedia.org)
- A new species name, Cryptococcus deneoformans, is used for the former C. neoformans var. (wikipedia.org)
- A third variety, once known as C. neoformans v. gattii , is now considered a distinct species, Cryptococcus gattii . (kenyon.edu)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is the species with the higher prevalence among HIV + patients. (frontiersin.org)
- Flucytosine primary resistance in Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
- Mebendazole was also active against the C. neoformans sibling species, C. gattii . (frontiersin.org)
- Phylogenetic analysis and genotyping studies have revealed significant genetic diversity within the pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans / Cryptococcus gattii species complex. (scielo.br)
- A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. (umassmed.edu)
- At least 38 Cryptococcus species other than C . neoformans have been described, and C . neoformans is the only species that can consistently grow at mammalian body temperatures and is the only common human pathogen ( 9 ). (asm.org)
- The pathogenic species of Cryptococcus are a major cause of mortality owing to severe infections in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. (duke.edu)
- Our data provide a deeper understanding of the microevolution of Cryptococcus species under pressure from antifungal chemotherapy and host immune responses. (duke.edu)
- This investigation clearly suggests a promising strategy to identify novel targets for improved diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.IMPORTANCE Opportunistic infections caused by species of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus lead to chronic meningoencephalitis and continue to ravage thousands of patients with HIV/AIDS. (duke.edu)
Isolates9
- Most isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans are haploid. (kenyon.edu)
- The electrophoretic karyotypes of 32 clinical and 3 environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from New York City were studied by contour clamped homogeneous electrophoresis. (asm.org)
- This created a little bit of confusion and the name was C. neoformans was finally decided upon to describe all the isolates [4]. (ubc.ca)
- Microevolution of Serial Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (duke.edu)
- In this study, we collected isolates of Cryptococcus from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 18 patients at the time of their diagnosis and when they relapsed several months later. (duke.edu)
- These analyses revealed that the relapsing isolates manifested multiple genetic and chromosomal changes that affected a variety of genes implicated in the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus or resistance to fluconazole. (duke.edu)
- The in vitro activities of three antifungal drugs alone and in combination were evaluated against five isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans using time-kill curves (TKC). (aspergillus.org.uk)
- neoformans (A and D serotypes) isolates could produce pigment from indoles than could those of var. (mysciencework.com)
- Isolates of C. neoformans were collected during active laboratory-based surveillance, the first batch from April 2000 to March 2001 (134 new cases), the second batch from April 2001 to March 2002 (268 new cases). (oup.com)
Fungus20
- Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes. (wikipedia.org)
- So, C. neoformans is sometimes referred to as an opportunistic fungus. (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus responsible for serious disease in immunocompromised individuals. (genetics.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like fungus which causes life-threatening infections in patients that are immunocompromised. (patientslikeme.com)
- The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), lysophospholipase hydrolase and lysophospholipase transacylase activities. (nih.gov)
- The heterothallic basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has two mating types, MAT a and MAT α. (mdpi.com)
- In 1894, a little bit of fermented peach juice introduced the world to an encapsulated yeast-like fungus that we now call C. neoformans [2] (see Figure 1). (ubc.ca)
- Cryptococcus neoformans ( Cn ) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replication inside macrophages. (pnas.org)
- Xylose-containing glycans are particularly abundant in plants and in the polysaccharide capsule that is the major virulence factor of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (pnas.org)
- We have examined synthesis of this compound in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (pnas.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans (formerly known as Torula histolytica) is an encapsulated yeast-like fungus found in dried avian (particularly pigeon) and bat excreta, and in dust contaminated with such droppings. (humpath.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans ( C . neoformans ) is the most common fungus to cause meningoencephalitis in the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- For Cryptococcus , iron sensing actually triggers formation of a major virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule that protects the fungus from the host immune system. (ubc.ca)
- When C. neoformans cells are inhaled by a human, the fungus is immediately exposed to human body temperature," she shares. (ubc.ca)
- A partial-genome microarray was used to profile gene expression in the human-pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans during growth at 37°C. Genes with orthologs involved in stress responses were induced during growth at 37°C, suggesting that a conserved transcriptional program is used by C. neoformans to alter gene expression during stressful conditions. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that is an important cause of CNS infections among immunocompromised patients, but it has only sporadically been reported in non-HIV-positive persons. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- An important virulence factor of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is its polysaccharide capsule. (eurekaselect.com)
- These results suggest that the HIV-1 gp41-I90 enhances C. neoformans binding with HBMEC via gp41-I90-induced membrane activities, revealing a potential mechanism for this pathogenic fungus to invade the brain tissues of HIV-1-infected patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- Part one of this thesis will detail the first research project which sought to characterise the contribution of the enzyme phospholipase B to the intercellular lifecycle employed by the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans which has the ability to survive within the phagolysosome of immune cell macrophages. (bham.ac.uk)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a heterothallic basidiomycetous fungus with several features that make it ideally suited for studies of fungal pathogenesis. (embopress.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid2
- To assess CNLAC1 transcription, RNA was extracted from C. neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits. (rupress.org)
- The antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined. (oup.com)
Cryptococcal meningitis3
- Human studies have shown associations between cryptococcal meningitis and reduced IgM memory B cell levels, and studies in IgM- and/or B cell-deficient mice have demonstrated increased Cryptococcus neoformans dissemination from lungs to brain. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes high rates of HIV-related mortality, yet the Cryptococcus factors influencing patient outcome are not well understood. (asm.org)
- In Southeast Asia, cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent individuals is well-described and is almost always due to the C. neoformans ST5 (VNIa-5) lineage. (open.ac.uk)
Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans2
- Identification of App1 as a regulator of phagocytosis and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
- Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. (rupress.org)
Basidiomycetous6
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in normal as well as immunocompromised individuals ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
- The sexual state of C . neoformans is characterized by the formation of dikaryotic hyphae, which possess typical basidiomycetous clamp connections and bear terminal basidia. (rupress.org)
- Infections with the human pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans are often treated with fluconazole. (asm.org)
- In conclusion, our phenome-based functional analysis of the C. neoformans TF mutant library provides key insights into transcriptional networks of basidiomycetous fungi and human fungal pathogens. (pasteur.fr)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast with clinical importance due to its role as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. (uncg.edu)
- In this study, we identified the role of the LINC complex in kinetochore dynamics as well as in nuclear migration in a basidiomycetous yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans , a human pathogen. (asm.org)
Macrophages9
- In the lungs, C. neoformans cells are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
- However, some C. neoformans cells can survive intracellularly in macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
- The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of C. neoformans on the synthesis of NO by alveolar macrophages. (wiley.com)
- These results revealed that C. neoformans suppressed the synthesis of NO by CpG-ODN and IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages in a fashion independent of capsular polysaccharides, although the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. (wiley.com)
- The polysaccharide capsule of C. neoformans is a major virulence factor, preventing phagocytosis of cryptococci by alveolar macrophages . (humpath.com)
- Complement and mannose receptors on the surface of macrophages mediate the phagocytosis of C. neoformans ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Prolifération de Cryptococcus neoformans dans des macrophages murins. (pasteur.fr)
- This project used cell culture and microscopy techniques as well as whole cell lipidomic analysis and found that many aspects of Cryptococcus neoformans parasitism of macrophages are modified by phospholipase B activity. (bham.ac.uk)
- The effect of Cryptococcus neoformans on the accumulation of nitrite, an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, was investigated in cytokine (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin [IL]-1)-stimulated cultures of rat peritoneal macrophages and C6 astrocytoma cells. (eurekamag.com)
Meningoencephalitis5
- Importantly, C. neoformans has a unique predilection for neural tissue and causes severe and often fatal meningoencephalitis. (springer.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans , the major etiological agent of fungal meningoencephalitis, also utilizes melanin as a key virulence factor. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans, but its overall biological and pathogenic regulatory circuits remain elusive, particularly due to the presence of an evolutionarily divergent set of transcription factors (TFs). (pasteur.fr)
- In order to cause meningoencephalitis, C. neoformans cells must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (biomedcentral.com)
- Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis, but the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low-oxygen environment in the brain have not been investigated. (northwestern.edu)
Filobasidiella2
- Filobasidiella neoformans is the teleomorph (sexual state). (kenyon.edu)
- Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
Pathogenesis4
- Traversal of the blood-brain barrier by C. neoformans plays a key role in meningitis pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Dynamic virulence: real-time assessment of intracellular pathogenesis links Cryptococcus neoformans phenotype with clinical outcome. (umassmed.edu)
- Thermally regulated dimorphism occurs in Cryptococcus neoformans during mating and haploid fruiting and in self-fertile diploid strains but is not a requirement for pathogenesis ( 4 , 47 ). (asm.org)
- Our findings demonstrate that calcineurin is required for C.neoformans virulence and may define signal transduction elements required for fungal pathogenesis that could be targets for therapeutic intervention. (embopress.org)
Capsule13
- The recognition of C. neoformans in Gram-stained smears of purulent exudates may be hampered by the presence of the large gelatinous capsule which apparently prevents definitive staining of the yeast-like cells. (wikipedia.org)
- When grown as a yeast, C. neoformans has a prominent capsule composed mostly of polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
- India ink stain of Cryptococcus neosporans showing the presence of a capsule. (kenyon.edu)
- Among pathogenic fungi, C. neoformans is unique in that it possesses a mucinous capsule. (kenyon.edu)
- O. Zaragoza and A. Casadevall, "Experimental modulation of capsule size in Cryptococcus neoformans ," Biological Procedures Online , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10-15, 2004. (hindawi.com)
- Toward an integrated model of capsule regulation in Cryptococcus neoformans ," PLoS Pathogens , vol. 7, no. 12, Article ID e1002411, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- The main phenotypic feature of C. neoformans is a capsule that surrounds the cell body ( Benham, 1935 ) which confers physical, biochemical, and immunological properties to this microorganism. (frontiersin.org)
- A highly virulent strain of C. neoformans with thick capsule suppressed the production of NO. Capsular polysaccharides were not essential for this suppression, because there was no difference between acapsular mutant (Cap67) and its parent strain. (wiley.com)
- McFadden DC, De Jesus M, Casadevall A. The physical properties of the capsular polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans suggest features for capsule construction. (springer.com)
- Complementation of a capsule-deficient mutation of Cryptococcus neoformans restores its virulence. (asm.org)
- Virulence factors for C. neoformans that have been genetically defined include (i) the ability to synthesize the antioxidant pigment melanin, (ii) the production of an antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule, (iii) urease and phospholipase production, and (iv) the ability to survive and proliferate at 37°C ( 13 , 14 , 37 , 45 ). (asm.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is unique among pathogenic fungi, because it possesses a polysaccharide capsule that is essential for virulence. (asm.org)
- however, this pathway may indeed play a role in the formation of certain virulence factors for Cryptococcus, including the transcription of heat stress response genes required for thermotolerance, oxidative stress response genes such as those required for melanin and mannitol biosynthesis, as well as the formation of the polysaccharide capsule. (uncg.edu)
Fungi5
- Studies suggest that colonies of C. neoformans and related fungi growing on the ruins of the melted down reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant may be able to use the energy of radiation for "radiotrophic" growth. (wikipedia.org)
- The analysis for C. neoformans can be performed in the typical 6-10 day turn around for viable cultures, but the test requires special media that do not allow other fungi to be reliably recovered or identified. (emsl.com)
- The disease is caused by fungi belonging to the Cryptococcus genus. (scielo.br)
- Since C. neoformans can be found in the environment (soil, bird excreta, and trees) and is acquired through the air we breathe, she looks at a group of proteins that help fungi adapt to temperature stress. (ubc.ca)
- Eumelanins produced by pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans fungi are virulence factors that render the fungal cells resistant to host defenses and certain antifungal drugs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Clinical6
- Moreover, the virulence of environmental C. neoformans can be upregulated by clinical strains of that lineage. (open.ac.uk)
- This report describes the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of a pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. (scielo.br)
- Diagnosis of fungal pneumonia by C. neoformans was based on clinical, pathological, and molecular findings. (scielo.br)
- Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of granulomatous pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. (scielo.br)
- The objective of this study was to examine in vitro the patterns of mutation to fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans , to help clarify the observed clinical findings and to evaluate the use of the MIC as a possible indicator for the development of resistance. (asm.org)
- Is fluconazole resistance (FLU-R) in Cryptococcus neoformans predictive of clinical outcome? (aspergillus.org.uk)
Polysaccharide4
- For identification in tissue, mucicarmine stain provides specific staining of polysaccharide cell wall in C. neoformans. (wikipedia.org)
- C. neoformans can undergo phenotypic switching, which leads to changes in the structure and size of the cap-sule polysaccharide, providing a means to evade immune responses. (humpath.com)
- In response to the host innate immune response, C. neoformans activates virulence factors, including polysaccharide capsules and melanin pigment, to resist phagocytosis and avoid clearance ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Total immunoglobulin levels were measured by immunodiffusion, and Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)-specific serum antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (asm.org)
Yeasts2
- The differentiation of C. neoformans from other yeasts is based on biochemistry rather than direct observation and as such requires viable cultures of the organism. (emsl.com)
- Fluconazole is currently the most widely used antifungal drug for maintenance therapy because it can be given orally, lacks major side effects, penetrates the central nervous system, and has broad efficacy against most pathogenic yeasts, including C. neoformans ( 5 , 9 ). (asm.org)
Opportunistic pathogen2
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. (frontiersin.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogen that primarily afflicts immunocompromised patients. (embopress.org)
Antifungal3
- neoformans by an increased incidence of cryptococcomas in lung and brain, increased neurological morbidity and a slower response to antifungal therapy. (nih.gov)
- Mebendazole showed antifungal activity against phagocytized C. neoformans , affected cryptococcal biofilms profoundly and caused marked morphological alterations in C. neoformans , including reduction of capsular dimensions. (frontiersin.org)
- Understanding how chromosome segregation occurs in C. neoformans may bring about better therapies: if it can be shown that homologous proteins perform the same actions in Cryptococcus as they do in other organisms then these proteins may potentially become targets for future studies to determine the mechanism linking the presence of antifungal chemicals to aneuploidy. (uncg.edu)
Immunity4
- Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen in individuals with impaired T cell-mediated immunity. (jimmunol.org)
- C. neoformans infects both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, but disease is generally expressed when the host has impaired immunity. (asm.org)
- Intact T-cell-mediated immunity is required for resistance to C. neoformans ( 5 ), but T-cell deficiency is insufficient to account for the high incidence of disease in HIV-infected individuals (discussed in reference 8 ). (asm.org)
- In contrast to the incontrovertible role of CD4 + T cells in immunity to C. neoformans , the importance of B cells and antibody is unknown. (asm.org)
Protein9
- Specific modulation of protein expression through introduction of double-stranded RNA thus operates in C. neoformans , which is the first demonstration of this technique in a fungal organism. (genetics.org)
- A soluble 47-kDa protein derived from bacteria expressing the C. neoformans gene catalyzed conversion of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose, as confirmed by NMR analysis. (pnas.org)
- Cross talk between the cell wall integrity and cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
- We characterized Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant antiphagocytic protein 1 (rApp1) by SDS-PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. (springer.com)
- Williams V, Del Poeta M. Role of glucose in the expression of Cryptococcus neoformans antiphagocytic protein 1, App1. (springer.com)
- We have partially characterized, purified, and N-terminal amino acid sequenced a protein of approximately 80kDa from Cryptococcus neoformans . (go.jp)
- Because Cryptococcus neoformans does not possess an iron-scavenging ligand, siderophore, we suggest that an alternative transferrin-like molecule (the 80kDa protein) may play a role in iron uptake by this organism. (go.jp)
- When cells were pretreated with cytokines for 24 h to induce iNOS, and any further induction was prevented by inhibition of protein synthesis, C. neoformans was still able to reduce nitrite accumulation in cultures of both cell types. (eurekamag.com)
- Low oxygen decreased sterol synthesis in C. neoformans and triggered activation of membrane-bound Sre1p by the cleavage-activating protein, Scp1p. (northwestern.edu)
Melanin6
- In this study, we systematically analyzed melanin-regulating signaling pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans and identified four melanin-regulating core transcription factors (TFs), Bzp4, Usv101, Mbs1, and Hob1, required for induction of the laccase gene ( LAC1 ). (asm.org)
- Thus, this report provides comprehensive insight into the melanin-regulating pathways in C. neoformans and other fungal pathogens. (asm.org)
- We demonstrated that the aliphatic moieties of solid C. neoformans melanin ghosts include cell-wall components derived from polysaccharides and/or chitin that are associated proximally with lipid membrane constituents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- To assess the relationship between melanin production by Cryptococcus neoformans and virulence on a molecular basis, we asked: (a) is CNLAC1, the laccase structural gene of C. neoformans, expressed in vivo? (rupress.org)
- Utilization of indole compounds by Cryptococcus neoformans to produce a melanin-like pigment. (mysciencework.com)
- Several indoles served as substrates for the phenoloxidase of Cryptococcus neoformans and resulted in the production of a melanin-like pigment. (mysciencework.com)
Infections5
- Most infections with C. neoformans occur in the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
- C. neoformans can establish latent infections accompanied by granuloma formation but can reactivate in immunosuppressed hosts. (humpath.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening infections of the human central nervous system (CNS) ( 7 , 52 ). (asm.org)
- A significant exception to this is the infections of those with apparently normal immune systems by Cryptococcus gattii. (semanticscholar.org)
- Of serious concern is an increased incidence of C.neoformans infections in AIDS patients who, following treatment, require lifelong suppressive therapy to prevent relapse. (embopress.org)
Susceptibility2
- Multicenter evaluation of broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans against fluconazole. (springer.com)
- Currie BP, Ghannoum M, Bessen L, Casadevall A. Decreased fluconazole susceptibility of a relapse Cryptococcus neoform-ans isolate after fluconazole treatment. (springer.com)
Microbiology2
- J. Stie and D. Fox, "Blood-brain barrier invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans is enhanced by functional interactions with plasmin," Microbiology , vol. 158, part 1, pp. 240-258, 2012. (hindawi.com)
- Crytptococcus neoformans induces alterations in cytoskeleton of human rain microvascular endothelial cells," Journal of Medical Microbiology , vol. 52, pp. 961-970, 2003. (hindawi.com)
Resistance8
- 5-fluorocytosine resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
- Scatter plot of fluconazole MIC and mutation rate to fluconazole resistance for 21 strains of C. neoformans . (asm.org)
- This study investigated the patterns of mutation to fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans in vitro. (asm.org)
- These results suggest that dynamic and heterogeneous mutational processes are involved in generating fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans . (asm.org)
- We defined fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans as an MIC of ≥32 μg/ml by the NCCLS standard in vitro protocol ( 23 ). (asm.org)
- With the present methods, FLU resistance in Cryptococcus may be clinically misleading. (aspergillus.org.uk)
- 1995. Role of tumor necrosis factor and gamma interferon in acquired resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans in the central nervous system of mice. (asmscience.org)
- Nevertheless, in vitro resistance of C. neoformans to fluconazole appeared to be linked to extended maintenance treatments. (oup.com)
Meningitis6
- C. neoformans causes fatal meningitis primarily in immunosuppressed humans [3] . (kenyon.edu)
- The encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans ( Cn ) causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
- C . neoformans is a basidomycete that is the most common cause of fungal meningitis. (asm.org)
- We present a fatal case of C. neoformans meningitis in a diabetic patient which emphasizes the perils of an overzealous immune response. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Clinicians need to consider Cryptococcus neoformans and syphilis in the differential diagnosis of neurological disorders, particularly aseptic meningitis, as early diagnosis and treatment lead to a better prognosis. (termedia.pl)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast ubiquitous in nature which, when it infects humans, typically causes pulmonary disease and occasionally meningitis [1]. (who.int)
Pulmonary1
- Contributions of the MyD88-dependent receptors IL-18R, IL-1R, and TLR9 to host defenses following pulmonary challenge with Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
Immune7
- C. neoformans is responsible for serious disease in the setting of immune compromise. (pnas.org)
- These mechanisms are not very effective when C. neoformans infects hosts with intact immune defenses, but they can lead to disseminated disease in immunosuppressed individuals. (humpath.com)
- C. neoformans utilizes a number of strategies to overcome the anti‑fungal mechanisms of the host innate immune system and cross the BBB. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In the present review, the defensive mechanisms of C. neoformans against the innate immune system and its ability to cross the BBB were discussed, with an emphasis on recent insights into the activities of anti‑phagocytotic and anti‑oxidative factors in C. neoformans. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The present review summarized the current understanding of the anti-innate immune response strategies utilized by C. neoformans and the mechanism involved in cryptococcal BBB traversal. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Innate immune responses restrict the growth and invasion of C. neoformans in mammalian hosts ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The presence of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and abnormalities in numerous systemic indicators of inflammation in diabetics makes it conceivable that diabetics mount an exaggerated immune response to C. neoformans (paradoxical to their defective immune state) leading to grave outcomes. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Molecular8
- In recent years Cryptococcus has been developed as an experimental system, with advances in molecular techniques enabling detailed investigation of virulence factors and interactions with the mammalian host. (genetics.org)
- Reference strain of VN IV, AFLP2 molecular type of C. neoformans . (atcc.org)
- These results demonstrate a clear molecular link between mating type and virulence in C . neoformans . (rupress.org)
- The molecular analysis of hyphae production in MATα C . neoformans has resulted in the identification of a gene named STE12α whose sequence displays similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 gene ( 6 ). (rupress.org)
- Solid-state NMR Reveals the Carbon-based Molecular Architecture of Cryptococcus neoformans Fungal Eumelanins in the Cell Wall. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Because of their insoluble and amorphous characteristics, neither the pigment bonding framework nor the cellular interactions underlying melanization of C. neoformans have yielded to comprehensive molecular-scale investigation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans has several well-characterized virulence phenotypes which have been approached in their understanding by both genetic and molecular tools. (asmscience.org)
- The molecular biology concerning cellular reproduction and division in C. neoformans is poorly understood for such an important fungal pathogen. (uncg.edu)
Morphological1
- Morphological progression of bisexual reproduction in C. neoformans is as follows: yeast to hyphal transition, filament extension, basidium formation, meiosis, and sporulation. (mdpi.com)
Immunocompetent3
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal organism and it can cause disease in apparently immunocompetent, as well as immunocompromised, hosts. (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast known to cause disease in both immunosuppressed as well as seemingly immunocompetent hosts. (springer.com)
- Orni-Wasserlauf R, Izkhakov E, Siegman-Igra Y, Bash E, Polacheck I, Giladi M. Fluconazole-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from an immunocompetent patient without prior exposure to fluconazole. (springer.com)
Vitro2
- We have previously demonstrated that the HIV-1 gp41 enhances C. neoformans binding to HBMEC in vitro and increase C. neoformans brain invasion in vivo [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- C. neoformans strains isolated from CSF of AIDS patients in Cambodia remain susceptible in vitro to amphotericin B. These strains are less susceptible in vitro to fluconazole, 2.5% being resistant in the first year and 14% in the second year of study. (oup.com)
Gene9
- However, investigations of Cryptococcus are hampered by the technical difficulty of specific gene replacements. (genetics.org)
- One recently developed method for downregulating gene function that may facilitate studies in C. neoformans is double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi). (genetics.org)
- We cloned a phospholipase-encoding gene (PLB1) from C. neoformans and constructed plb1 mutants using targeted gene disruption. (nih.gov)
- Phenotypic results showed that, although deletion of C. neoformans CRK1 gene increased the efficiency of bisexual mating, filamentation in the crk1 mutant was blocked by MAT2 or ZNF2 mutation. (mdpi.com)
- Gene transfer in Cryptococcus neoformans by use of biolistic delivery of DNA. (asm.org)
- This system has the potential for targeted gene disruption, and its efficiency will also allow for screening of DNA libraries within C. neoformans. (asm.org)
- The Cryptococcus neoformans STE12 α gene, a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 , exists only in mating type ( MAT ) α cells. (rupress.org)
- The C . neoformans STE12α gene, while having conserved roles in morphogenesis, has one striking difference from the S . cerevisiae STE12 gene: it is found only in MATα cells ( 6 ). (rupress.org)
- Genetic evidence supports a model in which immunophilin-drug complexes inhibit calcineurin to prevent growth at 37°C. The gene encoding the C.neoformans calcineurin A catalytic subunit was cloned and disrupted by homologous recombination. (embopress.org)
Macrophage4
- One mechanism by which C. neoformans survives the hostile intracellular environment of the macrophage involves upregulation of expression of genes involved in responses to oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
- Alterations of zinc homeostasis in response to Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine macrophage cell line. (semanticscholar.org)
- How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus neoformans and the macrophage? (bham.ac.uk)
- C. neoformans-mediated reduction of nitrite formation coincided with impairment of NO-dependent macrophage tumoricidal activity. (eurekamag.com)
Organism2
- Over the years, the organism Sanfelice first isolated has been re-isolated and given all sorts of names, from Saccharomyces hominis, Cryptococcus hominis and Torula histolytica, all the way to Debaryamyces hominis. (ubc.ca)
- Serotyping of the organism has identified 3 main varieties: C. neoformans var. (who.int)
Serotypes1
- gattii , serotypes B and lates agrees with the fact that C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
Phenotypic2
- Our genetic and phenotypic findings revealed that C. neoformans GAT1 and CRK1 formed a regulatory circuit to negatively regulate MAT2 to control filamentation progression and transition during bisexual mating. (mdpi.com)
- The genotypic and phenotypic data for each TF are available in the C. neoformans TF phenome database (http://tf.cryptococcus.org). (pasteur.fr)
Genes1
- Use of RNA interference in Cryptococcus should allow manipulation of mRNA levels for functional analysis of genes of interest and enable efficient exploration of genes discovered by genome sequencing. (genetics.org)
Patients2
- almost all disease occurs in immunosuppressed patients due to C. neoformans . (open.ac.uk)
- C. neoformans is present in the soil and in bird (particularly pigeon) droppings and infects patients when it is inhaled. (humpath.com)
Cells7
- C. neoformans has a defined sexual cycle involving mating between cells of the MATa and MATα types. (kenyon.edu)
- If you examined Cryptococcus neoformans under a microscope you would see round or oval shaped yeast cells, which are often referred to as 'basidiomycete' yeast. (ubc.ca)
- Sexual reproduction in C. neoformans begins when two cells, each carrying one complement of their genetic information (a state in which they are called haploid), encounter one another and, as a result, fuse. (ubc.ca)
- As these haploid spores are released to produce more cells the life cycle of C. neoformans will continue. (ubc.ca)
- This study used the C. neoformans requirement of exogenous obligatory catecholamine precursors for melanization to produce isotopically enriched pigment "ghosts" and applied 2D (13)C-(13)C correlation solid-state NMR to reveal the carbon-based architecture of intact natural eumelanin assemblies in fungal cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Cytokine-induced nitrite generation in cultures of both cell types was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by live C. neoformans, but not by heat-killed cryptococcal cells or conditioned medium from yeast cultures. (eurekamag.com)
- Finally, live C. neoformans, but not heat-killed yeast cells or yeast culture supernatant, significantly reduced nitrite production in a culture solution of NO-releasing compound S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). (eurekamag.com)