AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Cryptococcus neoformansCryptococcusCryptococcosisCryptococcus gattiiMeningitis, CryptococcalAntibodies, FungalPolysaccharidesAntifungal AgentsAntigens, FungalMelaninsLung Diseases, FungalGenes, Mating Type, FungalMycological Typing TechniquesFluconazoleLaccaseVirulenceFungal ProteinsDNA, FungalMeningoencephalitisAmphotericin BGene Expression Regulation, FungalFlucytosineFungiPhagocytosisSerotypingDrug Resistance, FungalMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMycologyCandidaAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsGenes, FungalItraconazoleLysophospholipaseCandida albicansCell WallEnvironmental MicrobiologyCentral Nervous System Fungal InfectionsVirulence FactorsMice, Inbred AMycosesFungal CapsulesPheromonesMolecular Sequence DataTriazolesMice, Inbred BALB CFungal VaccinesCulture MediaColumbidaeSpores, FungalAzolesMice, Inbred CBALungColony Count, MicrobialYeastsCerebrospinal FluidHaploidyFungal PolysaccharidesSpecies SpecificityPigments, BiologicalHyphaeOpsonin ProteinsMacrophagesMeningitis, FungalOrotate PhosphoribosyltransferaseAntibodies, MonoclonalRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueEucalyptusMicrobiological TechniquesFruiting Bodies, FungalHistoplasmaBlastomycesDNA FingerprintingMacrophages, AlveolarUreaseGene DeletionSterol 14-DemethylaseDermatomycosesAcanthamoeba castellaniiTrichosporon
Cryptococcus neoformans
A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.
Cryptococcus
A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.
Cryptococcosis
Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.
Cryptococcus gattii
A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora.
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)
Antibodies, Fungal
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.
Polysaccharides
Antifungal Agents
Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
Antigens, Fungal
Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.
Melanins
Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.
Lung Diseases, Fungal
Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.
Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
Fungal genes that mostly encode TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. In some FUNGI they also encode PHEROMONES and PHEROMONE RECEPTORS. The transcription factors control expression of specific proteins that give a cell its mating identity. Opposite mating type identities are required for mating.
Mycological Typing Techniques
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
Fluconazole
Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.
Laccase
A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
Virulence
The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.
Fungal Proteins
Proteins found in any species of fungus.
DNA, Fungal
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
Meningoencephalitis
An inflammatory process involving the brain (ENCEPHALITIS) and meninges (MENINGITIS), most often produced by pathogenic organisms which invade the central nervous system, and occasionally by toxins, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions.
Amphotericin B
Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.
Flucytosine
A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Phagocytosis
The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).
Serotyping
Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.
Drug Resistance, Fungal
The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
Mycology
The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.
Candida
A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
Genes, Fungal
The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.
Itraconazole
A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.
Lysophospholipase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. EC 3.1.1.5.
Candida albicans
A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).
Cell Wall
The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.
Environmental Microbiology
The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections
MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).
Virulence Factors
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
Mice, Inbred A
Mycoses
Fungal Capsules
An extracellular layer outside the cell wall of a fungus composed of polysaccharides. It may serve a protective role amongst others.
Pheromones
Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Triazoles
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Fungal Vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Columbidae
Family in the order COLUMBIFORMES, comprised of pigeons or doves. They are BIRDS with short legs, stout bodies, small heads, and slender bills. Some sources call the smaller species doves and the larger pigeons, but the names are interchangeable.
Spores, Fungal
Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.
Azoles
Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.
Mice, Inbred CBA
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Yeasts
A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.
Haploidy
The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented once. Symbol: N.
Fungal Polysaccharides
Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Pigments, Biological
Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.
Hyphae
Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.
Opsonin Proteins
Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Meningitis, Fungal
Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.
Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase
The enzyme catalyzing the formation of orotidine-5'-phosphoric acid (orotidylic acid) from orotic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate in the course of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. EC 2.4.2.10.
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.
Eucalyptus
A genus of trees of the Myrtaceae family, native to Australia, that yields gums, oils, and resins which are used as flavoring agents, astringents, and aromatics.
Microbiological Techniques
Techniques used in microbiology.
Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
The fruiting 'heads' or 'caps' of FUNGI, which as a food item are familiarly known as MUSHROOMS, that contain the FUNGAL SPORES.
Histoplasma
A mitosporic Onygenales fungal genus causing HISTOPLASMOSIS in humans and animals. Its single species is Histoplasma capsulatum which has two varieties: H. capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. Its teleomorph is AJELLOMYCES capsulatus.
Blastomyces
A genus of onygenacetous mitosporic fungi whose perfect state is Ajellomyces (see ONYGENALES). The species Blastomyces dermatitidis (perfect state Ajellomyces dermatitidis) causes blastomycosis.
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Macrophages, Alveolar
Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells.
Urease
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urea and water to carbon dioxide and ammonia. EC 3.5.1.5.
Gene Deletion
A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.
Sterol 14-Demethylase
An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.
Acanthamoeba castellanii
A species of free-living soil amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae. It can cause ENCEPHALITIS and KERATITIS in humans.
Trichosporon
A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see TRICHOSPORONOSIS) and white PIEDRA.

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1/1887)

A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells.  (+info)

In-vivo therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine mycoses of a new formulation of deoxycholate-amphotericin B obtained by mild heating. (2/1887)

Heat-induced 'superaggregation' of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (AmB-DOC, Fungizone) was shown previously to reduce the in-vitro toxicity of this antifungal agent. We compared AmB-DOC with the formulation obtained by heating the commercial form (Fungizone, Bristol Myers Squibb, Paris, France) for 20 min at 70 degrees C, in the treatment of murine infections. An improvement of antifungal activity was obtained with heated AmB-DOC formulations due to a lower toxicity which allowed the administration of higher drug doses than those achievable with the commercial preparation. Single intravenous injections of heated AmB-DOC solutions were demonstrated to be two-fold less toxic than unheated ones to healthy mice. For mice infected with Candida albicans, the maximum tolerated dose was higher with heated than with unheated AmB-DOC solutions. In the model of murine candidiasis, following a single dose of heated AmB-DOC 0.5 mg/kg, 85% of mice survived for 3 weeks, whereas at this dose the immediate toxicity of the standard formulation in infected mice restricted the therapeutic efficacy to 25% survival. Both formulations were equally effective in increasing the survival time for murine cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Injection of heated AmB-DOC solutions at a dose two-fold higher than the maximal tolerated dose observed with the unheated preparation (1.2 mg/kg) increased the survival time by a factor of 1.4 in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. These results indicate that mild heat treatment of AmB-DOC solutions could provide a simple and economical method to improve the therapeutic index of this antifungal agent by reducing its toxicity on mammalian cells.  (+info)

Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice. (3/1887)

The virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates with high and low extracellular proteolytic activity was investigated in mice. No consistent relationship between proteolytic activity and virulence was observed, but isolates derived from one strain were shown to elicit different inflammatory responses.  (+info)

Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Spain. (4/1887)

We determined biovars and serotypes of 154 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from clinical and environmental sources from different areas of Spain. All clinical isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans. Serotypes showed an irregular distribution. C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B was isolated from necropsy specimens from goats with pulmonary disease.  (+info)

Cryptococcus neoformans differential gene expression detected in vitro and in vivo with green fluorescent protein. (5/1887)

Synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a reporter to detect differential gene expression in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Promoters from the C. neoformans actin, GAL7, or mating-type alpha pheromone (MFalpha1) genes were fused to GFP, and the resulting reporter genes were used to assess gene expression in serotype A C. neoformans. Yeast cells containing an integrated pACT::GFP construct demonstrated that the actin promoter was expressed during vegetative growth on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose medium. In contrast, yeast cells containing the inducible GAL7::GFP or MFalpha1::GFP reporter genes expressed significant GFP activity only during growth on galactose medium or V-8 agar, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the GAL7 and MFalpha1 promoters from a serotype D C. neoformans strain function when introduced into a serotype A strain. Because the MFalpha1 promoter is induced by nutrient deprivation and the MATalpha locus containing the MFalpha1 gene has been linked with virulence, yeast cells containing the pMFalpha1::GFP reporter gene were analyzed for GFP expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of immunosuppressed rabbits. In fact, significant GFP expression from the MFalpha1::GFP reporter gene was detected after the first week of a CNS infection. These findings suggest that there are temporal, host-specific cues that regulate gene expression during infection and that the MFalpha1 gene is induced during the proliferative stage of a CNS infection. In conclusion, GFP can be used as an effective and sensitive reporter to monitor specific C. neoformans gene expression in vitro, and GFP reporter constructs can be used as an approach to identify a novel gene(s) or to characterize known genes whose expression is regulated during infection.  (+info)

Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a major target of the antibody response in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (6/1887)

Cryptococcus neoformans causes infection in individuals with defective T cell function, such as AIDS, as well as without underlying disease. It has been suggested that humoral as well as cellular immunity might play an important role in the immune response to C. neoformans infection. We have recently shown, using immunoblotting, that the 70-kD hsp family of C. neoformans was the major target molecule of the humoral response in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis. In this study we also used immunoblotting to define the antibody responses in the sera of 24 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis: 21 proven and three suspected diagnoses. Anti-C. neoformans hsp70 antibody was detected in 16 of 24 (66.7%) patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Fourteen of 17 (82.3%) patients with high antigen titres (> or = 1:8) and two of seven (28.6%) patients with low titres (< or = 1:4) had detectable levels of anti-hsp70 antibody. Sera from patients positive for anti-hsp70 antibody showed high titres in the Eiken latex agglutination test for the detection of serum cryptococcal antigen. Our results indicate that the 70-kD hsp family from C. neoformans appears to be a major target molecule of the humoral response, not only in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis, but also in human patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis.  (+info)

Role of the C-C chemokine, TCA3, in the protective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response. (7/1887)

Activated T lymphocytes play a crucial role in orchestrating cellular infiltration during a cell-mediated immune (CMI) reaction. TCA3, a C-C chemokine, is produced by Ag-activated T cells and is chemotactic for neutrophils and macrophages, two cell types in a murine CMI reaction. Using a gelatin sponge model for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), we show that TCA3 is a component of the expression phase of an anticryptococcal CMI response in mice. TCA3 mRNA levels are augmented in anticryptococcal DTH reactions at the same time peak influxes of neutrophils and lymphocytes are observed. Neutralization of TCA3 in immunized mice results in reduced numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes at DTH reaction sites. However, when rTCA3 is injected into sponges in naive mice, only neutrophils are attracted into the sponges, indicating TCA3 is chemotactic for neutrophils, but not lymphocytes. We show that TCA3 is indirectly attracting lymphocytes into DTH-reactive sponges by affecting at least one other chemokine that is chemotactic for lymphocytes. Of the two lymphocyte-attracting chemokines assessed, monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), only MIP-1alpha was reduced when TCA3 was neutralized, indicating that TCA3 affects the levels of MIP-1alpha, which attracts lymphocytes into the sponges. TCA3 also plays a role in protection against Cryptococcus neoformans in the lungs and brains of infected mice, as evidenced by the fact that neutralization of TCA3 results in increased C. neoformans CFU in those two organs.  (+info)

Antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins in rodents and humans. (8/1887)

The prevalence and specificity of serum antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins was studied in mice and rats with experimental infection, in individuals with or without a history of potential laboratory exposure to C. neoformans, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who developed cryptococcosis, in matched samples from HIV-positive individuals who did not develop cryptococcosis, and in HIV-negative individuals. Rodents had little or no serum antibody reactive with C. neoformans proteins prior to infection. The intensity and specificity of the rodent antibody response were dependent on the species, the mouse strain, and the viability of the inoculum. All humans had serum antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins regardless of the potential exposure, the HIV infection status, or the subsequent development of cryptococcosis. Our results indicate (i) a high prevalence of antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins in the sera of rodents after cryptococcal infection and in humans with or without HIV infection; (ii) qualitative and quantitative differences in the antibody profiles of HIV-positive individuals; and (iii) similarities and differences between humans, mice, and rats with respect to the specificity of the antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins. The results are consistent with the view that C. neoformans infections are common in human populations, and the results have implications for the development of vaccination strategies against cryptococcosis.  (+info)

Monoclonal antibodies can affect complement deposition on the capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans by both...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Monoclonal antibodies can affect complement deposition on the capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans by both classical pathway activation and steric hindrance. AU - Zaragoza, Oscar. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2006/12. Y1 - 2006/12. N2 - The capsule of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans presents the immune system with a formidable problem for phagocytosis. Capsule-mediated activation of the alternative complement (C) pathway results in component 3 (particularly, C3) binding to the capsule near the cell wall surface. Hence, for cells with large capsule, C3 cannot interact with the complement receptor (CR) and is not opsonic. However, C activation in either immune serum or in the presence of monoclonal antibody (mAb) to capsular polysaccharide localizes C3 to the capsular edge. When C.neoformans cells were coated with both C and antibody (Ab) opsonins, Ab bound first and ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/monoclonal-antibodies-can-affect-complement-deposition-on-the-cap-3
Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans | Microbiology SocietyHybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans | Microbiology Society
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping of isolates of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans suggested a considerable genetic divergence between the varieties C. neoformans var. neoformans and C. neoformans var. grubii on the one hand versus C. neoformans var. gattii on the other. This divergence is supported by additional phenotypic, biochemical, clinical and molecular differences. Therefore, the authors propose the existence of two species, C. neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin and C. bacillisporus Kwon-Chung, which differ in geographical distribution, serotypes and ecological origin. Within each species three AFLP genotypes occur, which differ in geographical distribution and serotypes. Differences in ecological origin (AIDS patients, non-AIDS patients, animals or the environment) were found to be statistically not significant. In C. neoformans as well as in C. bacillisporus one of the genotypes represented a hybrid. The occurrence of hybridization has consequences for the
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-147-4-891
The Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Escapes Macrophages by a Phagosome Emptying Mechanism That Is Inhibited by...
The lysis of infected cells by disease-causing microorganisms is an efficient but risky strategy for disseminated infection, as it exposes the pathogen to the full repertoire of the hosts immune system. Cryptococcus neoformans is a widespread fungal pathogen that causes a fatal meningitis in HIV and other immunocompromised patients. Following intracellular growth, cryptococci are able to escape their host cells by a non-lytic expulsive mechanism that may contribute to the invasion of the central nervous system. Non-lytic escape is also exhibited by some bacterial pathogens and is likely to facilitate long-term avoidance of the host immune system during latency. Here we show that phagosomes containing intracellular cryptococci undergo repeated cycles of actin polymerisation. These actin flashes occur in both murine and human macrophages and are dependent on classical WASP-Arp2/3 complex mediated actin filament nucleation. Three dimensional confocal imaging time lapse revealed that such flashes ...
http://eprints.bham.ac.uk/893/
Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule<...Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. AU - Maxson, Michelle E.. AU - Dadachova, Ekaterina. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. AU - Zaragoza, Oscar. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2007/1. Y1 - 2007/1. N2 - Exposure of Cryptococcus neoformans cells to gamma radiation results in a gradual release of capsnlar polysaccharide, in a dose-dependent manner. This method allows the systematic exploration of different capsular regions. Using this methodology, capsule density was determined to change according to the radial distribution of glacuronoxylomaman and total polysaccharide, becoming denser at the inner regions of the capsule. Scanning electron microscopy of cells following gamma radiation treatment confirmed this finding. The zeta potential of the capsule also increased as the capsule size decreased. However, neither charge nor density differences were correlated with any change in sugar ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/radial-mass-density-charge-and-epitope-distribution-in-the-crypto-2
Quimiotipagem do Cryptococcus neoformans. Revisão da literatura. Novos dados epidemiológicos sobre a criptococose. Nossa...Quimiotipagem do Cryptococcus neoformans. Revisão da literatura. Novos dados epidemiológicos sobre a criptococose. Nossa...
MELO, Natalina Takahashi de et al. Biotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. Review of the literature. New epidemiologic informations about cryptococcosis. Our experience with the utilization of C.G.B medium in this yeast. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo [online]. 1993, vol.35, n.5, pp.469-478. ISSN 1678-9946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46651993000500015.. The purpose of this work was to collect the main information from the literature about the biotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. The more up-to date research concerning the epidemiology of cryptococcosis comprising quite a few articles, mainly after the advent of AIDS, was also reviewed. The Cryptococcus neoformans varieties neoformans and gattii are well defined biochemically nowadays chiefly through the C.G.B. medium, according to KWON-CHUNG et al. (1982)24. The isolation of C. neoformans var. gattii from flowers and leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus tereticornis, specially in Australia, through the works of ELLIS & PFEIFFER ...
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0036-46651993000500015&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe...First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe...
TY - JOUR. T1 - First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe pulmonary disease in Spain. AU - Baró, Teresa. AU - Torres-Rodríguez, Josep M.. AU - De Mendoza, Miguel Hermoso. AU - Morera, Yolanda. AU - Alía, Concepción. PY - 1998/2/1. Y1 - 1998/2/1. N2 - Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii is associated with Eucalyptus trees growing in various tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The identification of 13 autochthonous strains of C. neoformans var. gattii in Spain is reported. These strains were isolated from lung (10 samples), liver (1 sample), and brain (2 samples) tissue specimens from six goats suffering from predominantly severe pulmonary disease that were autopsied. The animals were members of five different herds of goats grazing in rural areas of the province of Caceres (Extremadura, Spain). Between 1990 and 1994, there were five outbreaks, in which between 2.5 and 12% of the goats were affected. ...
https://portalrecerca.uab.cat/en/publications/first-identification-of-autochthonous-cryptococcus-neoformans-var
Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum<...Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum. AU - Steenbergen, Judith N.. AU - Nosanchuk, Joshua D.. AU - Malliaris, Stephanie D.. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2003/9/1. Y1 - 2003/9/1. N2 - Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, environmental fungus that can cause life-threatening meningitis. Pathogenicity of C. neoformans for macrophages and vertebrate hosts may be a mechanism selected in evolution for protection against environmental predators. In this study, we investigated whether Dictyostelium discoideum could serve as an alternate host for C. neoformans. D. discoideum has a defined genetic system which provides significant advantages for the study of fungus-amoeba interactions. Our results show that D. discoideum is susceptible to infection with C. neoformans and that the interactions are similar to those described previously ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cryptococcus-neoformans-virulence-is-enhanced-after-growth-in-the-2
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Franzot et al. ATCC ® 208821DCryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Franzot et al. ATCC ® 208821D
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii ATCC ® 208821D-2™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii strain H99JP [ATCC ® 208821™] Application:
https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Fungi_and_Yeast/Fungal_and_Yeast_Genomic_DNA/208821D-2.aspx
Molecular typing of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D clinical isolates • Research - Institut PasteurMolecular typing of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D clinical isolates • Research - Institut Pasteur
Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is responsible for the majority of cryptococcal infections in AIDS patients. In France, approximately 17% of the patients
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/molecular-typing-of-cryptococcus-neoformans-serotype-d-clinical-isolates/
Antibody-mediated immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans promotes biofilm formation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Antibody-mediated immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans promotes biofilm formation. AU - Robertson, Emma J.. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/4. Y1 - 2009/4. N2 - Most microbes, including the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, can grow as biofilms. Biofilms confer upon microbes a range of characteristics, including an ability to colonize materials such as shunts and catheters and increased resistance to antibiotics. Here, we provide evidence that coating surfaces with a monoclonal antibody to glucuronoxylomannan, the major component of the fungal capsular polysaccharide, immobilizes cryptococcal cells to a surface support and, subsequently, promotes biofilm formation. We used time-lapse microscopy to visualize the growth of cryptococcal biofilms, generating the first movies of fungal biofilm growth. We show that when fungal cells are immobilized using surface-attached specific antibody to the capsule, ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/antibody-mediated-immobilization-of-cryptococcus-neoformans-promo-4
RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | GeneticsRNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | Genetics
Strains and cell growth: C. neoformans was grown with continuous shaking at 30° in YPD medium [1% (w/v) Bacto yeast extract; 2% (w/v) peptone, 2% dextrose] or minimal medium lacking uracil (Ausubelet al. 2001). Low adenine plates contained yeast nitrogen base supplemented with (per liter) 20 g glucose; 24 mg uracil; 40 mg each arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, and tryrosine; 60 mg phenylalanine and tryptophan; 120 mg homoserine; 180 mg valine; and 10 mg adenine. For experiments using 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), plates contained the same medium with adenine raised to 40 mg/liter and the addition of 1 g/liter 5-FOA. Wild-type serotype D strain B4500 and cap59 strain TYCC33 (Chang and Kwon-Chung 1994) were from Dr. June Kwon-Chung (National Institutes of Health), and ura5 strain JEC43 (Wickeset al. 1997) was from Dr. Joseph Heitman (Duke University Medical Center). JEC43 cells transformed with a control plasmid alone (CIP-GUST.Cla.Kpn; see below) are designated ...
http://www.genetics.org/content/160/2/463
Aspects of antigen mimicry revealed by immunization with a peptide mimetic of Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide. -...Aspects of antigen mimicry revealed by immunization with a peptide mimetic of Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide. -...
We have recently identified peptide mimetics of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide by screening phage display peptide libraries. 2H1, one of a large family of mAbs against the glucuronoxylomannan fraction (GXM), is highly protective and binds several peptide motifs. This study analyzes the immunologic properties of P601E (SYSWMYE), a peptide from the low affinity motif (W/YXWM/LYE) that has an extended cross-reactivity among anti-GXM mAbs and whose binding correlates with the protective potential of mAbs in experimental infection. P601E is a mimetic, since it competes for GXM binding to 2H1, but not a mimotope, since it does not elicit an anti-GXM response. Sequence analysis of 14 anti-P601E mAbs indicates that anti-P601E mAbs elicited in BALB/c mice have an order of homology with 2H1 of V kappa | J kappa || V(H) | J(H) | D. Further screening of a peptide library with anti-P601E mAbs isolated peptides having a motif almost identical to the peptide motif selected by 2H1. When these
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Aspects-of-antigen-mimicry-revealed-by-immunizatio-Valadon-Nussbaum/3487751707ef806766994eac655cec4d1181e7be
Isolation of the Third Capsule-Associated Gene,CAP60, Required for Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and ImmunityIsolation of the Third Capsule-Associated Gene,CAP60, Required for Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and Immunity
A polysaccharide capsule is one of the most important virulence factors for the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. We previously characterized two capsule-associated genes,CAP59 and CAP64. To further dissect the molecular mechanism of capsule synthesis, 16 acapsular mutants induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide were obtained. The acapsular phenotype of one of these mutants was complemented. The cloned gene was designatedCAP60, and deletion of this newly described capsule-associated gene resulted in an acapsular phenotype. The proposed 67-kDa Cap60p contains 592 amino acids and appears to have a putative transmembrane domain close to the N terminus. DNA sequence analysis revealed that CAP60 has similarity toCAP59 at the center portion of its coding regions. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field blot analysis suggested that these two genes are on the same chromosome. CAP60 andCAP59, however, could not be functionally substituted for each other by direct complementation or by domain swap ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/66/5/2230.abstract
Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease<...Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease. AU - Vu, Kiem. AU - Tham, Rick. AU - Uhrig, John P.. AU - Thompson, George R.. AU - Na Pombejra, Sarisa. AU - Jamklang, Mantana. AU - Bautos, Jennifer M.. AU - Gelli, Angie. PY - 2014/6/3. Y1 - 2014/6/3. N2 - Cryptococcus spp. cause life-threatening fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS), predominantly in patients with a compromised immune system. Why Cryptococcus neoformans has this remarkable tropism for the CNS is not clear. Recent research on cerebral pathogenesis of C. neoformans revealed a predominantly transcellular migration of cryptococci across the brain endothelium; however, the identities of key fungal virulence factors that function specifically to invade the CNS remain unresolved. Here we found that a novel, secreted metalloprotease (Mpr1) that we identified in the extracellular proteome of C. neoformans (CnMpr1) is required for establishing ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/invasion-of-the-central-nervous-system-by-cryptococcus-neoformans
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Is Confined to Few Microsatellite GenotypesResistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Is Confined to Few Microsatellite Genotypes
Background Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that causes cryptococcosis, a life threatening disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis in Asia has been rising after the onset of the AIDS epidemic and estimates indicate more than 120 cases per 1,000 HIV-infected individuals per year. Almost all cryptococcal disease cases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in Asia are caused by C. neoformans var. grubii. Epidemiological studies on C. neoformans in pan-Asia have not been reported. The present work studies the genetic diversity of the fungus by microsatellite typing and susceptibility analysis of approximately 500 isolates from seven Asian countries. Methodology/Principal Findings Genetic diversity of Asian isolates of C. neoformans was determined using microsatellite analysis with nine microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed eight microsatellite complexes (MCs) which showed different distributions among geographically defined populations. A correlation between MCs and
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032868
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Controls Virulence of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans | Molecular and Cellular...Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Controls Virulence of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans | Molecular and Cellular...
Our studies define the elements of a signal transduction cascade that controls the production of virulence factors and pathogenicity ofC. neoformans. The Pka1 catalytic subunit of PKA regulates mating, melanin and capsule production, and virulence. The Pkr1 regulatory subunit of PKA is also a critical component, and mutants lacking Pkr1 overproduced capsule and were hypervirulent by several measures in two different animal models. pkr1 mutant cells also produced dramatically enlarged capsules during infection, and both the larger capsule size and the increased release of immunosuppressive capsular polysaccharides likely contribute to enhanced virulence.. Epistasis analysis further supports the conclusion that the Gα protein Gpa1 is an upstream controlling element for this signaling pathway and that the Ste12α transcription factor may represent one of several downstream targets of PKA that regulate differentiation and virulence. One interesting finding is that mutants with defects in an ...
https://mcb.asm.org/content/21/9/3179?ijkey=fd2a22fda6ee68eba825d2168b1ca45d55ce50e0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Antibody Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide Glucuronoxylomannan in Patients after Solid-Organ...Antibody Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide Glucuronoxylomannan in Patients after Solid-Organ...
Thank you for sharing this Clinical and Vaccine Immunology article.. NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.. ...
https://cvi.asm.org/content/13/7/740/article-info
Table 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Organ Transplant Recipients: Variables Influencing Clinical Characteristics and...
Unique clinical characteristics and other variables influencing the outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients have not been well defined. From a review of published reports, we found that C. neoformans infection was documented in 2.8% of organ transplant recipients (overall death rate 42%). The type of primary immunosuppressive agent used in transplantation influenced the predominant clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis. Patients receiving tacrolimus were significantly less likely to have central nervous system involvement (78% versus 11%, p =0.001) and more likely to have skin, soft-tissue, and osteoarticular involvement (66% versus 21%, p = 0.006) than patients receiving nontacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Renal failure at admission was the only independently significant predictor of death in these patients (odds ratio 16.4, 95% CI 1.9 - 143, p = 0.004). Hypotheses based on these data may elucidate the pathogenesis and may ultimately guide the management of C.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/7/3/01-7302-t3
Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...
Innate immunity plays an important role for fungal recognition and initiation of fungicidal activity. We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. To test this hypothesis, we propose to analyze the allelic frequencies of 15 different genes (mannose binding lectin, Fc-gamma receptor IIa and IIb, Fc-gamma receptors IIIa and IIIb, myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, interleukin 1A and 1B, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-10, NRAMP-1, chitotriosidase, and chemokine receptor 5) and their intragenic polymorphic forms and to compare this data to the incidence and severity of C neoformans infection. With this study we hope to identify a group of molecules of innate immunity which influence the risk and severity of invasive C neoformans infection ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001701?order=24
Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...
Innate immunity plays an important role for fungal recognition and initiation of fungicidal activity. We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. To test this hypothesis, we propose to analyze the allelic frequencies of 15 different genes (mannose binding lectin, Fc-gamma receptor IIa and IIb, Fc-gamma receptors IIIa and IIIb, myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, interleukin 1A and 1B, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-10, NRAMP-1, chitotriosidase, and chemokine receptor 5) and their intragenic polymorphic forms and to compare this data to the incidence and severity of C neoformans infection. With this study we hope to identify a group of molecules of innate immunity which influence the risk and severity of invasive C neoformans infection ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001701?order=22
Sre1p, a regulator of oxygen sensing and sterol homeostasis, is required for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sre1p, a regulator of oxygen sensing and sterol homeostasis, is required for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Chang, Yun C.. AU - Bien, Clara M.. AU - Lee, Hyeseung. AU - Espenshade, Peter J.. AU - Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.. PY - 2007/5/1. Y1 - 2007/5/1. N2 - Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis, but the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low-oxygen environment in the brain have not been investigated. We found that SRE1, a homologue of the mammalian sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), functions in an oxygen-sensing pathway. Low oxygen decreased sterol synthesis in C. neoformans and triggered activation of membrane-bound Sre1p by the cleavage-activating protein, Scp1p. Microarray and Northern blot analysis demonstrated that under low oxygen, Sre1p activates genes required for ergosterol ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/sre1p-a-regulator-of-oxygen-sensing-and-sterol-homeostasis-is-req
Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and alpha isolatesSexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and alpha isolates
Cryptococcus neoformans is a human-pathogenic fungus that has evolved into three distinct varieties that infect most prominently the central nervous system. A sexual cycle involving haploid cells of a and alpha mating types has been reported for two varieties (C. neoformans var. neoformans, serotype …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933823/?dopt=Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans - Wikipedia
Infection wif C. neoformans is termed cryptococcosis. Most infections wif C. neoformans occur in de wungs.[12] However, fungaw meningitis and encephawitis, especiawwy as a secondary infection for AIDS patients, are often caused by C. neoformans, making it a particuwarwy dangerous fungus. Infections wif dis fungus are rare in dose wif fuwwy functioning immune systems.[13] So, C. neoformans is sometimes referred to as an opportunistic fungus.[13] It is a facuwtative intracewwuwar padogen[14] dat can utiwize host phagocytes to spread widin de body.[15][16] Cryptococcus neoformans was de first intracewwuwar padogen for which de non-wytic escape process termed vomocytosis was observed.[17][18] It has been specuwated dat dis abiwity to manipuwate host cewws resuwts from environmentaw sewective pressure by amoebae, a hypodesis first proposed by Arturo Casadevaww under de term accidentaw viruwence.[19]. In human infection, C. neoformans is spread by inhawation of aerosowized basidiospores, and can ...
http://wikien4.appspot.com/wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans
KEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A
Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Tremellomycetes; Tremellales; Cryptococcaceae; Cryptococcus; Cryptococcus neoformans species ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?gn:T01040
Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein Summary Report | CureHunterCryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein Summary Report | CureHunter
Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein: involved in capsule formation which is essential for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank L26508
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC087781-Cryptococcus-neoformans-CAP59-protein.do
JCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longerJCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longer
Antibody-mediated defense against pathogens typically requires complex interactions between antibodies and other constituents of the humoral and cellular immune systems. However, recent evidence indicates that some antibodies alone can inhibit pathogen function in the absence of complement, phagocytes, or NK cells. In this issue of the JCI, McClelland et al. have begun to elucidate the molecular bases by which antibodies alone can impact pathogen growth and metabolism. They show that mAbs specific for the polysaccharide capsule of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elicit diverse effects on fungal gene expression, lipid biosynthesis, susceptibility to amphotericin B, cellular metabolism, and protein phosphorylation. These data suggest that pathogens have the capacity to generate broad metabolic responses as a result of surface binding by pathogen-specific antibodies, effects that may hold therapeutic promise. ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/42695/figure/1
JCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longerJCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longer
Antibody-mediated defense against pathogens typically requires complex interactions between antibodies and other constituents of the humoral and cellular immune systems. However, recent evidence indicates that some antibodies alone can inhibit pathogen function in the absence of complement, phagocytes, or NK cells. In this issue of the JCI, McClelland et al. have begun to elucidate the molecular bases by which antibodies alone can impact pathogen growth and metabolism. They show that mAbs specific for the polysaccharide capsule of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elicit diverse effects on fungal gene expression, lipid biosynthesis, susceptibility to amphotericin B, cellular metabolism, and protein phosphorylation. These data suggest that pathogens have the capacity to generate broad metabolic responses as a result of surface binding by pathogen-specific antibodies, effects that may hold therapeutic promise. ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/42695/pdf
Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Swinne, D. PY - 1981. Y1 - 1981. KW - B780-tropical-medicine. KW - Mycology. KW - Cryptococcus neoformans. KW - Laboratory. KW - Serotypes. M3 - Chapter. SP - 233. EP - 242. BT - Sexuality and pathogenicity of fungi. A2 - Vanbreuseghem, R. A2 - De Vroey, C. PB - Masson. CY - Paris. ER - ...
https://research.itg.be/en/publications/serotypes-of-cryptococcus-neoformans
More information about the natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - More information about the natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Swinne, D. AU - Bauwens, L. AU - Desmet, P. N1 - This item is not available in the ITG Library. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. KW - B780-tropical-medicine. KW - Mycology. KW - Cryptococcus neoformans. KW - Natural history. M3 - A2: International peer reviewed article (not A1-type). VL - 60. SP - 4. JO - ISHAM Mycoses Newsletter. JF - ISHAM Mycoses Newsletter. ER - ...
https://research.itg.be/en/publications/more-information-about-the-natural-habitat-of-cryptococcus-neofor
Systematic functional profiling of transcription factor networks in Cryptococcus neoformans • Research - Institut PasteurSystematic functional profiling of transcription factor networks in Cryptococcus neoformans • Research - Institut Pasteur
Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans, but its overall biological and pathogenic regulatory circuits remain elusive,
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/systematic-functional-profiling-of-transcription-factor-networks-in-cryptococcus-neoformans/
Major Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice | Infection and ImmunityMajor Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice | Infection and Immunity
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are unique in their general importance for conferring susceptibility or resistance to infectious and autoimmune diseases (5). It is unclear what keeps these demonstrably harmful genes from being eliminated by natural selection unless they provide some advantage, presumably against some other disease. The only way to unravel these interactions is to characterize the effects of MHC genes on a variety of pathogens and autoimmune diseases. The goal of this study was to experimentally test for an MHC-dependent susceptibility pattern during chronic Cryptococcus neoformans infections.. C. neoformans is a common, opportunistic pathogen that causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. Previous studies have found that various components of immunity are important in clearing a C. neoformans infection. These components include interleukin-12 (11), interleukin-18 (17), inducible nitric oxide synthase (2), gamma interferon (16), B cells (3), and T cells (7). ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/71/8/4815?ijkey=0a22301f4707d5e6046a656e48052a39a3c37796&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
The role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310) | The Journal of ImmunologyThe role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310) | The Journal of Immunology
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen in individuals with impaired T cell-mediated immunity. Notch pathway is an important signaling component of immunological synapse during APC/T-cell engagement. Little is known about the role of Notch signaling in fungal infections. We sought to determine the role of Notch signaling in C. neoformans infection. Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and CD4-Cre+×ROSA DNMAML (DNMAML) mice were infected intratracheally infected with C. neoformans. The fungal burden, leukocyte recruitment, and cytokine profile were assessed at 3 and 6 weeks post-infection (wpi). A 50-fold greater fungal burden was detected in both lungs and brains of DNMAML mice compared to those in the WT mice at 6 wpi. Although, equivalent fungal burdens were found at 3 wpi in WT and DNMAML groups, the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 was significantly decreased in lung leukocytes of DNMAML mice. In contrast, an equivalent induction of IL-17 was observed in both ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/190/1_Supplement/134.8
Frontiers | TNF-α-Producing Cryptococcus neoformans Exerts Protective Effects on Host Defenses in Murine Pulmonary...Frontiers | TNF-α-Producing Cryptococcus neoformans Exerts Protective Effects on Host Defenses in Murine Pulmonary...
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a critical role in the control of cryptococcal infection, and its insufficiency promotes cryptococcal persistence. To explore the therapeutic potential of TNF-α supplementation as a booster of host anti-cryptococcal responses, we engineered a C. neoformans strain expressing murine TNF-α. Using a murine model of pulmonary cryptococcosis, we demonstrated that TNF-α-producing C. neoformans strain enhances protective elements of host response including preferential T-cell accumulation and improved Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, diminished pulmonary eosinophilia and alternative activation of lung macrophages at the adaptive phase of infection compared to wild type strain-infected mice. Furthermore, TNF-α expression by C. neoformans enhanced the fungicidal activity of macrophages in vitro. Finally, mice infected with the TNF-α-producing C. neoformans strain showed improved fungal control and considerably prolonged survival compared to wild type strain-infected mice,
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01725/full
GSE17686 - Transcriptomic analysis comparing the spontaneous acapsular strain AL1114 to the parent capsulated strain AL1115 -...
P. multocida is the causative agent of a wide range of diseases of animals, including fowl cholera in birds. Fowl cholera isolates of P. multocida generally express a capsular polysaccharide composed of hyaluronic acid. There have been reports of spontaneous capsule loss in P. multocida fowl cholera-causing strains but the mechanism by which this occurs has not been determined. In this study, we identified three independent strains that had spontaneously lost the ability to produce capsular polysaccharide. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that these strains had significantly reduced transcription of the capsule biosynthetic genes, but DNA sequence analysis identified no mutations within the cap biosynthetic locus. However, whole genome sequencing of paired capsulated and acapsular strains identified a single nucleotide polymorphism within fis that was present only in the acapsular strain. Sequencing of fis from two independently derived spontaneous acapsular strains showed that each contained a mutation
https://www.omicsdi.org/dataset/geo/GSE17686
Role of dectin-1 in the host defense to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (44.17) | The Journal of ImmunologyRole of dectin-1 in the host defense to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (44.17) | The Journal of Immunology
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLR) and C-type lectin recptors including Dectin-1. Previously, we indicated that neither TLR2 nor TLR4 was involved in the host defence to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen in AIDS patients (FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 47: 148-154, 2006). In the current study, we examined the role of Dectin-1, a receptor for β-glucan, in this response. Dectin-1-deficient mice were resistant to intratracheal and intravenous infection with C. neoformans at a comparable level to wild-type mice. IFN-γ production in lung an serum was not largely different between these mice. There was not significant difference in the synthesis of IL-12p40 and TNF-α by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells upon stimulation with this fungal pathogen. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Dectin-1 did not play a major role in the host protective responses to C. neoformans infection.. This work was ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/1_Supplement/S51.2
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBICryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11346263?dopt=Abstract
reagents-molecular-assay-infection-fungiyeast-cryptococcus-neoformans
Definition : Molecular assay reagents intended to identify Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-like species of imperfect fungi of the family Cryptococcaceae, by detecting specific nucleic-acid information (e.g., DNA, RNA) of the target microorganism. These fungi may cause cryptococcosis, a mycotic infection of the brain and meninges, which may also involve other organs such as the skin and lungs. The disease may progress by invading the central nervous system, lungs, liver, and spleen of immunocompromised patients.. Entry Terms : Cryptococcus Species Detection/Identification Reagents , Cryptococcus neoformans Reagents, Identification , Cryptococcus neoformans Detection/Identification Reagents , Reagents, Cryptococcus neoformans , Reagents, Molecular Assay, Infection, Fungi/Yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans. UMDC code : 19595 ...
http://productguide.optometricmanagement.com/term/5354/reagents-molecular-assay-infection-fungiyeast-cryptococcus-neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans senses CO2 through the carbonic anhydrase Can2 and the adenylyl cyclase Cac1. - Kent Academic...Cryptococcus neoformans senses CO2 through the carbonic anhydrase Can2 and the adenylyl cyclase Cac1. - Kent Academic...
Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen of humans, causes fatal meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Its virulence is mainly determined by the elaboration of a polysaccharide capsule surrounding its cell wall. During its life, C. neoformans is confronted with and responds to dramatic variations in CO2 concentrations; one important morphological change triggered by the shift from its natural habitat (0.033% CO2) to infected hosts (5% CO2) is the induction of capsule biosynthesis. In cells, CO2 is hydrated to bicarbonate in a spontaneous reaction that is accelerated by carbonic anhydrases. Here we show that C. neoformans contains two beta-class carbonic anhydrases, Can1 and Can2. We further demonstrate that CAN2, but not CAN1, is abundantly expressed and essential for the growth of C. neoformans in its natural environment, where CO2 concentrations are limiting. Structural studies reveal that Can2 forms a homodimer in solution. Our data reveal Can2 to be the main carbonic anhydrase and ...
https://kar.kent.ac.uk/51/
Evidence of Sexual Recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Isolates in Sub-Saharan Africa | Eukaryotic CellEvidence of Sexual Recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Isolates in Sub-Saharan Africa | Eukaryotic Cell
The population structure of a sample of clinical isolates of C. neoformans serotype A from AIDS patients in Botswana was determined, and the results support hypotheses for both clonal expansion and recombination in this population. Clonal reproduction was previously recognized in C. neoformans, as strains with identical genotypes were isolated from the environment and infected humans (5, 7, 16). The overrepresentation in the population of certain genotypes is a common feature of clonal structure (44). In the sample analyzed here, five genotypes comprised 45% of the total number of isolates (Fig. 4). Another indication of clonality is the calculation of considerable linkage disequilibrium (or nonrandom association) among the loci in the population. The IA and the rd are calculated estimates of linkage disequilibrium (or nonrandom association) among the loci; if there is no association between the loci, these values approach zero, whereas these values are much higher in clonal populations. When ...
https://ec.asm.org/content/2/6/1162?ijkey=e8fd9728bf37bb2ca4af95bcf6678403300c23cc&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Increasing in vitro resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Cambodian isolates: April 2000 to March 2002 : Journal...
Objectives: Cryptococcal meningitis is the third-most-common opportunistic infection in HIV patients in Cambodia. Hospitalized patients were given amphotericin B for initial therapy followed by fluconazole for maintenance therapy. The antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined.. Methods: Isolates of C. neoformans were collected during active laboratory-based surveillance, the first batch from April 2000 to March 2001 (134 new cases), the second batch from April 2001 to March 2002 (268 new cases). Etest strips were used to determine the MICs of amphotericin B and fluconazole. The antigenic agglutination slide test was used for serotyping.. Results: The MIC50s and MIC90s of fluconazole changed significantly from year 2000 to 2002; the MIC50s increased from 4 to 12 mg/L, and the MIC90s from 12 to 96 mg/L. For amphotericin B, the MIC50s and MIC90s remained stable. Moreover, in the second batch, fluconazole MICs were ≥256 mg/L ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/jac/dkh361
A high-throughput screening assay for fungicidal compounds against Cryptococcus neoformans.
Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that causes meningitis worldwide, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Although amphotericin B is the gold standard treatment for cryptococcal meningitis, the toxicity and inconvenience of intravenous injection emphasize a need for development of new anticryptocccal drugs. Recent data from humans and animal studies suggested that a nutrient-deprived host environment may exist in cryptococcal meningitis. Thus, a screening assay for identifying fungicidal compounds under nutrient-deprived conditions may provide an alternative strategy to develop new anticryptococcal drugs for this disease. A high-throughput fungicidal assay was developed using a profluorescent dye, alamarBlue, to detect residual metabolic activity of C. neoformans under nutrient-limiting conditions. Screening the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) with this assay identified a potential chemical scaffold, 10058-F4, that exhibited ...
https://publications.ncats.nih.gov/publications/23896686
Pheromones and Titan Cell Production in Cryptococcus neoformans - Kirsten NielsenPheromones and Titan Cell Production in Cryptococcus neoformans - Kirsten Nielsen
Pheromones and pheromone receptors have long been known to affect virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, yet it is still entirely uncl...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-AI080275-04
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Aritreyee Datta*, Vikas Yadav*, ............, Kaustuv Sanyal, Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy and Anirban Bhunia, Mode of Action of a Designed Antimicrobial Peptide: High Efficiency in Killing of the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, Biophysical Journal 111, 1724 - 1737 (2016 ...
http://www.jncasr.ac.in/cpmupub.php?&dept_id=MBGU&yeartype=2016&empid=&pubtype=
G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans<...G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Xue, Chaoyang. AU - Bahn, Yong Sun. AU - Cox, Gary M.. AU - Heitman, Joseph. PY - 2006/2/1. Y1 - 2006/2/1. N2 - The Gα protein Gpa1 governs the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and plays a central role in virulence and differentiation in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, but the signals and receptors that trigger this pathway were unknown. We identified seven putative proteins that share identity with known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). One protein, Gpr4, shares limited sequence identity with the Dictyostelium discoideum cAMP receptor cAR1 and the Aspergillus nidulans GPCR protein GprH and also shares structural similarity with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae receptor Gpr1. gpr4 mutants exhibited reduced capsule production and mating defects, similar to gpa1 mutants, and exogenous cAMP suppressed both gpr4 mutant phenotypes. Epistasis analysis ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/g-protein-coupled-receptor-gpr4-senses-amino-acids-and-activates-
Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyNatural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Environmental isolations have established that Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii appears to have a specific ecological association with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. So far, we have isolated C. neoformans var. gattii on 35 separate occasions, all from samples associated with E. camaldulensis. The global distribution of E. camaldulensis appears to correspond to the epidemiologic distribution of cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans var. gattii. No other environmental source for the fungus has yet been detected, and no other eucalypt has the distribution pattern corresponding to reported cases caused by this fungus. These findings may provided an explanation for the high incidence of infections caused by C. neoformans var. gattii in Australian aborigines living in the Northern Territory and for its low worldwide incidence in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/28/7/1642
Produção de fatores de virulência in vitro por isolados de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii de origem clínica em...Produção de fatores de virulência in vitro por isolados de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii de origem clínica em...
INTRODUÇÃO. A criptococose é uma importante infecção oportunista, principalmente devido ao aumento do número de indivíduos imunocomprometidos, em especial aqueles infectados com HIV1,2. As espécies implicadas em grande parte dos casos são Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii, causadoras de variadas formas clínicas da doença3,4,5. Neste contexto, indivíduos imunocompetentes podem adquirir a doença como micose primária, principalmente devido a C. gattii, em regiões tropicais e subtropicais6, bem como sob a forma de surtos7. Cryptococcus spp. são leveduras basidiomicetos, capsuladas, sapróbias do ambiente, sendo isoladas principalmente de excretas de aves e ocos de árvores, como por exemplo, eucalipto8 e Senna sp.9. C. neoformans é constituído pelos sorotipos A (tipos moleculares VNI, VNII), D (tipo molecular VNIV) e o híbrido AD (tipo molecular VNIII); C. gattii inclui o sorotipo B (tipos moleculares VGI, VGII, VGIII, VGIV) e o sorotipo C10,11,12.. Em Belém, Estado ...
http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-62232012000200008&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt
Mapping of the Cryptococcus neoformans MATα locus: Presence of mating type-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade...Mapping of the Cryptococcus neoformans MATα locus: Presence of mating type-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mapping of the Cryptococcus neoformans MATα locus. T2 - Presence of mating type-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade homologs. AU - Karos, M.. AU - Chang, Y. C.. AU - McClelland, C. M.. AU - Clarke, D. L.. AU - Fu, J.. AU - Wickes, B. L.. AU - Kwon-Chung, K. J.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - In this study we investigated the relationship between the MATα locus of Cryptococcus neoformans and several MATα-specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction cascade genes, including STE12α, STE11α, and STE20α. To resolve the location of the genes, we screened a cosmid library of the MATα strain B-4500 (JEC21), which was chosen for the C. neoformans genome project. We isolated several overlapping cosmids spanning a region of about 71 kb covering the entire MATα locus. It was found that STE12α, STE11α, and STE20α are imbedded within the locus rather than closely linked to the locus. ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/mapping-of-the-cryptococcus-neoformans-mat%CE%B1-locus-presence-of-mat
Cryptococcosis Market: Competitive Dynamics & Global Outlook 2024 - BizPR.us | US Free Press Release and Distribution center
Cryptococcosis, also known as cryptococcal disease is a potentially fatal fungal disease. It is caused by inhalation of an encapsulated yeast called Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by inhalation of the infectious propagule from the environment. Although the exact nature of the infectious propagule is unknown, the leading hypothesis is the basidiospore created through sexual or asexual reproduction.. Cryptococcosis market: Types of infection. There are three identified Cryptococcus strains that causes disease worldwide namely Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus grubii and Cryptococcus gattii. Exposure via respiratory or the gastrointestinal tract are considered as the most common and opportunistic pathway for the organism entry in the host. Cryptococcus neoformans can be found worldwide in soil, birds, animals and humans. Whereas, alternative route of administration can be through transplant of infected tissue, surgical instrument or laboratory instruments. ...
http://bizpr.us/2017/01/25/cryptococcosis-market-competitive-dynamics-global-outlook-2024/
UBIRA ETheses - How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus...UBIRA ETheses - How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus...
The following thesis is a composite of two separate research projects which were undertaken by the author for the award of an MRes in Molecular and Cellular Biology within the School of Biosciences at the University of Birmingham. Part one of this thesis will detail the first research project which sought to characterise the contribution of the enzyme phospholipase B to the intercellular lifecycle employed by the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans which has the ability to survive within the phagolysosome of immune cell macrophages. This project used cell culture and microscopy techniques as well as whole cell lipidomic analysis and found that many aspects of Cryptococcus neoformans parasitism of macrophages are modified by phospholipase B activity. Part two of this details the second project which examined the predatory bacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorous. This bacterium has a unique lifecycle which involves predation of other gram negative bacteria resulting in prey cell invasion and an ...
https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/4121/
Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. | Journal of Experimental Medicine | Rockefeller...Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. | Journal of Experimental Medicine | Rockefeller...
To assess the relationship between melanin production by Cryptococcus neoformans and virulence on a molecular basis, we asked: (a) is CNLAC1, the laccase structural gene of C. neoformans, expressed in vivo?; (b) can mouse virulence be restored to cnlac1 (Mel-) mutants by complementation with CNLAC1?; and (c) will targeted gene deletion of CNLAC1 decrease virulence for mice? Melanin is produced when cryptococcal laccase catalyzes the oxidation of certain aromatic compounds, including L-dopa, to quinones, which then polymerize to melanin. To assess CNLAC1 transcription, RNA was extracted from C. neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected CNLAC1 transcript, indicating that laccase may be produced in the infected host. To assess the effect of CNLAC1 deletion on virulence, a Mel- mutant (10S) was obtained by disruption of the 5 end of the gene. After multiple backcrosses with a parental strain to remove unintended genetic defects ...
https://rupress.org/jem/article/184/2/377/51061/Effect-of-the-laccase-gene-CNLAC1-on-virulence-of
ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF - Patent applicationANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF - Patent application
0141] FIGS. 5A to 5E are bar charts showing the viability of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively, when treated with micelles formed from Example 1. FIGS. 6A to 6E are bar charts showing the viability of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans as well as Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, respectively, when treated with micelles formed from Example 3. FIG. 7 is a bar chart showing the viability of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis when treated with micelles formed from Example 2. Example 2 does not show a strong inhibition effect towards bacterial growth, having a MIC of higher than 66.4 micromole/L against Bacillus subtilis (FIG. 7). This is attributed to the polymer with the longest hydrophobic block precipitating ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20130011457
Growth and Pigment Production on d-Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans |...Growth and Pigment Production on d-Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans |...
Studies indicate that the accuracy of correct identification of the C. gattii strains using d-proline assimilation tests (2, 3, 13, 31) or d-tryptophan assimilation tests (2, 3, 35) was favorable with the CGB (25) method. The assimilation assays are based on the fact that only the C. gattii strains utilized these d-amino acids as the sole nitrogen source. In some studies the accuracy of these tests approaches 99% but the assay was relatively slow because the formulation used low glucose concentrations (1 to 2%). The current study suggests that it is feasible to combine d-tryptophan and d-proline into a single medium to separate C. gattii from C. neoformans. The use of m-DTDP or YCB-DTDP increased the carbohydrate source from 2 to 4%, such that most C. gattii strains achieved growth in 1 to 3 days. The current limitation for growth is the nitrogen source. We suggest using YCB-DTDP agar or m-DTDP agar, since the accuracy is similar to those of previously published methods and test results are ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/46/1/255
Clinical Utility of the Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in a Diagnostic Mycology LaboratoryClinical Utility of the Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in a Diagnostic Mycology Laboratory
Background Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningitis. A recently introduced lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) to detect cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) is reportedly more rapid and convenient than standard latex agglutination (LA), but has not yet been evaluated in a diagnostic laboratory setting. Methods One hundred and six serum, 42 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and 20 urine samples from 92 patients with known or suspected cryptococcosis were tested by LA and LFA, and titres were compared. Results were correlated with laboratory-confirmed cryptococcosis. Serial samples were tested in nine treated patients. Results Twenty-five of 92 patients had confirmed cryptococcosis; all sera (n = 56) from these patients were positive by LFA (sensitivity 100%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 93.6-100%) compared with 51/56 positive by LA (sensitivity 91.1%, 95% CI 80.7-96.1%). Fifty sera from 67 patients without cryptococcosis tested negative in both assays. While LA yielded more false negative results (5/56
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0049541
Cryptococcosis: Its Prevalence and Clinical Presentation among Hiv Positive and Negative Patients in Rims, Manipur - Semantic...Cryptococcosis: Its Prevalence and Clinical Presentation among Hiv Positive and Negative Patients in Rims, Manipur - Semantic...
Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative fungal agent of cryptococcosis remain a common cause of infectious morbidity and mortality, especially among HIV-positive patients living in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and clinical presentation of Cryptococcus infections among HIV positive and negative patients in RIMS, Manipur. Specimens like CSF, sputum, urine, blood, tissue biopsy or aspirates from clinically suspected cryptococcosis cases from RIMS hospital, were subjected to mycological examination. Out of the 48 patients enrolled for the study, Cryptococcus spp were isolated from 16 (33.33%) patients. Among these 16 cryptococcosis patients, majority of them presented with cryptococcal meningitis 13 (81.25%), while 1 (6.25%) patient each presented with cryptococcal lymphadenitis, disseminated cutaneous cryptococcosis and osseous cryptococcosis respectively. Also, of these 16 cryptococcosis patients, 14 (87.5%) were HIV positive. Among these HIV
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cryptococcosis-Its-Prevalence-and-Clinical-Present-Lungran-Devi/3aeeb6f86179583435e9f24049160bbb60432c79
Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway...Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Bahn, Yong Sun. AU - Geunes-Boyer, Scarlett. AU - Heitman, Joseph. PY - 2007/12. Y1 - 2007/12. N2 - The stress-activated p38/Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is structurally conserved in many diverse organisms, including fungi and mammals, and modulates myriad cellular functions. The Hog1 pathway is uniquely specialized to control differentiation and virulence factors in a majority of clinical Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and D strains. Here, we identified and characterized the Ssk2 MAPKKK that functions upstream of the MAPKK Pbs2 and the MAPK Hog1 in C. neoformans. The SSK2 gene was identified as a potential component responsible for the difference in Hog1 phosphorylation between the serotype D f1 sibling strains B-3501 and B-3502 through comparative analysis of meiotic maps showing their meiotic ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/ssk2-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-kinase-kinase-governs-diver
Cryptococcosis - WikipediaCryptococcosis - Wikipedia
Cryptococcosis, also known as cryptococcal disease, is a potentially fatal fungal disease. It is caused by one of two species; Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. These were all previously thought to be subspecies of C. neoformans but have now been identified as distinct species. Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by inhalation of the infectious propagule from the environment. Although the exact nature of the infectious propagule is unknown, the leading hypothesis is the basidiospore created through sexual or asexual reproduction. Cryptococcosis is a defining opportunistic infection for AIDS, and is the second-most-common AIDS-defining illness in Africa. Other conditions that pose an increased risk include certain lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkins lymphoma), sarcoidosis, liver cirrhosis, and patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Distribution is worldwide in soil. The prevalence of cryptococcosis has been increasing over the past 20 years for many reasons, including the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus | Article about Cryptococcus by The Free DictionaryCryptococcus | Article about Cryptococcus by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Cryptococcus? Find out information about Cryptococcus. A genus of encapsulated pathogenic yeasts in the order Moniliales Explanation of Cryptococcus
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/cryptococcus
Cutaneous Cryptococcus Publications and Abstracts | PubFacts.comCutaneous Cryptococcus Publications and Abstracts | PubFacts.com
Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic yeast infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans that remains the most common systemic fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients and often presents with signs of meningitis. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) is a more rare clinical identity that is characterized by skin lesions confined to 1 body region, often presenting as a whitlow or phlegmon with positive culture for C neoformans and no evidence of simultaneous dissemination. We report a rare case of PCC in a 73-year-old man with intact cell-mediated immunity. Read More ...
https://www.pubfacts.com/search/Cutaneous+Cryptococcus
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans | AVESİSThe DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans | AVESİS
The study of fungal regulatory networks is essential to the understanding of how these pathogens respond to host environmental signals with effective virulence-associated traits. In this study, a virulence-associated DEAD-box RNA helicase-encoding gene (VAD1) was isolated from a mutant defective in the virulence factor laccase. A Deltavad1 mutant exhibited a profound reduction in virulence in a mouse model that was restored after reconstitution with WT VAD1. Loss of VAD1 resulted in upregulation of NOT1, a gene encoding a global repressor of transcription. NOT1 was found to act as an intermediary transcriptional repressor of laccase. Vad1 was located within macromolecular complexes that formed cytoplasmic granular bodies in mature cells and during infection of mouse brain. in addition, VAD1 was shown by in situ hybridization to be expressed in the brain of an AIDS patient coinfected with C. neoformans. To understand the role of VAD1 in virulence, a functional genomics approach was used to ...
https://avesis.erdogan.edu.tr/yayin/607f8d6a-d6fb-4509-b7d0-548eb23f1af7/the-dead-box-rna-helicase-vad1-regulates-multiple-virulence-associated-genes-in-cryptococcus-neoformans
Browse by Author/Supervisor - eTheses RepositoryBrowse by Author/Supervisor - eTheses Repository
Hughes, William S. (2015) Cryptococcus neoformans phospholipase B and its influence on fungal cell morphology AND A study into proteins proposed to be involved in C-di-GMP signalling and predation from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus - Bd1483, Bd1996, Bd2538 and Bd3100. M.Res. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Evans, Robert J. (2013) How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus neoformans and the macrophage? and An investigation into the properties of two Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus C-di-GMP metabolism proteins - Bd2325 and Bd1971. M.Res. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Ma, Hansong (2009) Intracellular parasitism of macrophages by Cryptococcus. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Smith, Leanne May (2015) Investigating phagosome dynamics of microbial pathogens. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Gilbert, Andrew Stephen (2017) Investigating the molecular mechanisms of vomocytosis. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Needs, ...
http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/view/people/May=3ARobin_C=2E=3A=3A.html
A prospective descriptive study of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV unifected patients in Vietnam - high prevalence of...A prospective descriptive study of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV unifected patients in Vietnam - high prevalence of...
Results: 57 patients were studied. Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii molecular type VN1 caused 70% of infections; C. gattii accounted for the rest. Most patients did not have underlying disease (81%), and the rate of underlying disease did not differ by infecting species. 11 patients died while in-patients (19.3%). Independent predictors of death were age ≥ 60 years and a history of convulsions (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 8.7 (1 - 76), and 16.1 (1.6 - 161) respectively). Residual visual impairment was common, affecting 25 of 46 survivors (54.3%). Infecting species did ...
http://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/1414/
JCI - Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformansJCI - Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
The study of regulatory networks in human pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans provides insights into host-pathogen interactions that may allow for correlation of gene expression patterns with clinical outcomes. In the present study, deletion of the cryptococcal copper-dependent transcription factor 1 (Cuf1) led to defects in growth and virulence factor expression in low copper conditions. In mouse models, cuf1Δ strains exhibited reduced dissemination to the brain, but no change in lung growth, suggesting copper is limiting in neurologic infections. To examine this further, a biologic probe of available copper was constructed using the cryptococcal CUF1-dependent copper transporter, CTR4. Fungal cells demonstrated high CTR4 expression levels after phagocytosis by macrophage-like J774.16 cells and during infection of mouse brains, but not lungs, consistent with limited copper availability during neurologic infection. This was extended to human brain infections by demonstrating CTR4 ...
https://moju67.cn.www.mobile.jci.org/articles/view/30006/pdf
Forecasting Fatal Fungal Infections - RedorbitForecasting Fatal Fungal Infections - Redorbit
The risk of developing fungal meningitis from Cryptococcus neoformans rises dramatically when people have weakened immunity, due to HIV infection or other reasons including the use of immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation, or for treating autoimmune diseases or cancer. Knowing which patients are most likely to develop fungal meningitis would allow costly drugs for preventing fungal disease to be targeted to those most in need. (In the U.S., the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy by HIV-infected people, and their preventive use of anti-fungal drugs, has dramatically reduced their rate of fungal meningitis from Cryptococcus neoformans to about 2 ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1706029/forecasting_fatal_fungal_infections/
ASMscience | Molecular Typing of theASMscience | Molecular Typing of the
A large number of molecular typing techniques have been applied over the years to discriminate between individual isolates that had been indistinguishable using conventional techniques and to obtain further insights into the epidemiology and population structure of this species complex. This chapter aims to summarize the diverse typing techniques applied to the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex, to correlate the obtained results, and to describe the global distribution of the major genotypes. The enzymes malate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphoglyceromutase, and glutamate dehydrogenase could separate C. gattii from C. neoformans. Electrophoretic karyotyping was for the first time applied to the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex to study the genetic diversity between seven cryptococcal strains representing all four serotypes. PCR fingerprinting using the primer (GACA)4 was applied to 110 cryptococcal isolates obtained mainly from Germany and Africa as well as additional
https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555816858.ch24
Cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice is accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses<...Cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice is accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice is accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses. AU - Furukawa, Katsunori. AU - Kobayashi, Makiko. AU - Sasaki, Hidetaka. AU - Herndon, David. AU - Pollard, Richard B.. AU - Suzuki, Fujio. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Objective: To explore the pathogenic role of burn-associated type 2 T-cell responses on the development of cryptococcal encephalitis in mice with severe thermal injuries. Design: Experimental Cryptococcus neoformans infection in normal mice was compared with that in thermally injured mice (TI mice), normal mice heated with a mixture of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, or normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: Male BALB/c mice, 8 to 10 wks of age. Interventions: We prepared four groups of mice as follows: a) normal mice, b) TI mice, c) normal mice treated with the IL-4/IL-10 mixture, and d) normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells. These ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/cryptococcal-encephalitis-in-thermally-injured-mice-is-accelerate
Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans | The EMBO JournalCalcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans | The EMBO Journal
A less likely alternative hypothesis is that calcineurin is not part of a signal transduction pathway required for virulence, but is instead required to maintain activity of components required for growth at high temperature and CO2 and pH resistance. Such a model would require that some proteins differ in phosphorylation state at 37 and 24°C, or that activity at 37°C requires dephosphorylation whereas activity at 24°C does not. One means to test these and other models, and to identify downstream effectors of calcineurin, would be to characterize suppressor mutations that restore growth to calcineurin mutants at 37°C. In summary, our studies reveal that calcineurin is required for virulence and may delineate the first elements of a signal transduction cascade required for fungal pathogenesis.. By analogy with other systems, the targets of calcineurin might include ion pumps or transcription factors, which could regulate expression of other proteins required for virulence. The role of ...
http://emboj.embopress.org/content/16/10/2576
Dr. Erin E. McClelland | Faculty | Middle Tennessee State UniversityDr. Erin E. McClelland | Faculty | Middle Tennessee State University
One of the more interesting aspects of C. neoformans interactions with the host is the large discrepancy in the incidence of infections in male and female patients, with males having a higher incidence of C. neoformans infection and disease than females. This gender-related difference has been observed in dozens of studies and suggests underlying differences in the interactions of the immune response to C. neoformans infection and differential expression of microbial factors between males and females. We have found differences in the immune response of ex vivo male or female macrophages to C. neoformans, PLoS One, 2013. Currently, we are characterizing gender-specific and microbial factors in clinical isolates to determine which factors are involved in the gender susceptibility difference to C. neoformans.. 2. Determine how C. neoformans modulates cell signaling in macrophages Another key aspect of the C. neoformans host-pathogen interaction is with host macrophages. I am collaborating with Dr. ...
https://www.mtsu.edu/faculty/erin-e-mcclelland
azole resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans from intensive care patients |...azole resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans from intensive care patients |...
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http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/29/1/A37.1
Cyclosporine Capsule size: 100 mg at PetSmart in Dover - 70558734
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Activation of macrophages and expansion of specific T lymphocytes in the lungs of mice intratracheally inoculated with...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Activation of macrophages and expansion of specific T lymphocytes in the lungs of mice intratracheally inoculated with Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Kawakami, K.. AU - Kohno, S.. AU - Morikawa, N.. AU - Kadota, J.. AU - Saito, A.. AU - Hara, K.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - A quantitative and qualitative change in inflammatory cells in the lungs of mice after intratracheal inoculation of heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans was examined by direct analysis of the pulmonary intraparenchymal leucocytes. Macrophages and T and B lymphocytes increased, peaked at day 7, and then gradually decreased to the basal level. Macrophages were activated 7 days after the inoculation, as indicated by the enhanced expression of MHC class II, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Fc receptor (FcR), which have been known as their activation markers. T cells were also activated, as indicated by the induction of IL-2 receptor ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/activation-of-macrophages-and-expansion-of-specific-t-lymphocytes
PREPARATION DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM...PREPARATION DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM...
Results: Showed that the yeast was grow with typical colonies on the new medium compared with other media which using in diagnosed of this yeast such as Staib agar and Sabourauds dextrose agar and unlike the yeast Candida albicans (as a negative control), which appeared in cream to white on this medium. Furthermore, the colonies are dark brown in color on flower chrysanthemum medium and light brown color on leaves chrysanthemum medium. In addition, the results of the chemical and spectral tests of the extracts confirmed that the plant contains many active compounds such as alkaloids, turbines, tannins, and phenols. The analysis of the extracts of phenolic compounds using GC-mass led to the diagnosis of five compounds in the leaf extract and nine compounds in the flower extract of this plant. ...
https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/33723
Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a diabetic patient - the perils of an overzealous immune response: a case report
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2783158/?lang=en-ca
Home - Cryptococcus wieringae v1.0Home - Cryptococcus wieringae v1.0
Cryptococcus is a polyphyletic genus that is present in all five major lineages of the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina). Cryptococcus wieringae (syn=Filobasidium wieringae) was described by Fonseca et al. (2000) to re-classify strains of Cryptoccocus albidus related to Cryptoccocus magnus. Like many other members of Filobasidiales, Cryptococcus wieringae is also found in association with plants. The original identification by Wieringa (1956) was on samples isolated from flax straw when a role in pectin hydrolysis during the dew-retting process of flax was suggested. It has also been isolated from soil samples (Arenz et al. 2006) and glaciers (Branda et al. 2010).. This genome was sequenced as part of the 1000 fungal genomes project ...
https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/Crywi1/Crywi1.home.html
Compare Current Fungal+Meningitis+Caused+By+Cryptococcus Drugs and Medications with Ratings & ReviewsCompare Current Fungal+Meningitis+Caused+By+Cryptococcus Drugs and Medications with Ratings & Reviews
Looking for medication to treat fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus? Find a list of current medications, their possible side effects, dosage, and efficacy when used to treat or reduce the symptoms of fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/condition-1042/fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus
ASMscience | Hybridization and Its ImASMscience | Hybridization and Its Im
A study on the identification of hybrids identified six distinct clusters based on the genotypes of a large number of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii global isolates using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A combination of genotype and ploidy analyses are able to discriminate AD hybrids from haploid serotype A or D isolates. Serological reactions and a set of genotyping techniques have been used to determine the serotype of Cryptococcus strains. Serotype A strains presented a rim pattern characterized by a sharp increase in the optical gradient at the capsular edge followed directly by an immediate decrease. The estimation of the time of hybridization showed that recombination occurred very recently, indicating that hybridization is important during Cryptococcus evolution. Gene genealogical analysis supported the hypothesis of multiple origins of hybrid strains, suggesting that hybridization events occurred in different times probably coinciding with the continuing
https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555816858.ch25
Differentiation of Naturally Produced Extracellular ...Differentiation of Naturally Produced Extracellular ...
Recently, membrane vesicle (MV) production was described in Gram-positive bacteria, which harbor a variety of components such as toxins, antibiotic resistance proteins, proteases, DNA, and immune modulators. Free lipids have the ability to form micelles, thus it is important to rule out spontaneous association of lipids into vesicle-like structures and rather, that MVs are produced naturally by a metabolically active cell. Here, we describe a protocol utilizing the polysaccharide, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) from Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) as a marker to differentiate naturally produced MVs from vesicles that form spontaneously in the Gram-positive model organism, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). MVs are purified from bacterial cultures grown in the presence of GXM; MVs naturally produced by cells would not contain GXM in the lumen whereas vesicular structures forming in the media could encapsulate GXM and this can be visualized via immunogold transmission electron microscopy.
https://en.bio-protocol.org/e1408
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused specifically by the fungus cryptococcus neofromans, which is usually found in soil and bird droppings or less commonly, the fungus cryptococcus gatti, found in sub-tropical regions. An individual usually contracts this infection through the air by breathing in the spores. Cryptococcocsis is most commonly associated with HIV and with people with weakened immune systems such as Hodgkins disease, individuals taking high doses of corticosteroid medications or undergoing chemotherapy. However, cryptococcocsis may affect individuals with normal immune systems as well. In some cases, there are no symptoms at all, however because the fungus is typically inhaled, the lungs are most commonly infected. It is more likely to spread beyond the lungs to the brain (and cause meningitis) in individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms may include blurred vision, chest pain, fatigue, dry coughs, fever, headache, nausea, sweating, and skin rashes. Other symptoms ...
http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/result/2024
Three Klebsiella species cause life-threatening infections and share drug resistance genes | EurekAlert! Science NewsThree Klebsiella species cause life-threatening infections and share drug resistance genes | EurekAlert! Science News
A team of US researchers has discovered that three different species of Klebsiella bacteria can cause life-threatening infections in hospital patients and that all three share genes that confer resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics. The study, published this week in mSphere®, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology, improves physicians understanding of Klebsiella infections and could point toward better ways to fight multi-drug resistant strains of these bacteria.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-08/asfm-tks072617.php
Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung, teleomorph ATCC ® 34873&tradFilobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung, teleomorph ATCC ® 34873&trad
Filobasidiella neoformans ATCC ® 34873™ Designation: NIH B-3501 [CBS 6900, CBS 7697, CBS 7817, CCRC 20532] Application: Biomedical Research and Development Material assay of eumelanin pigments ref   ref produces monophenol monooxygenase phenol oxidase, phenoloxidase ref regulation of phenol oxidase and capsular polysaccharide ref
https://www.atcc.org/products/all/34873.aspx?p=1&rel=%7B0%7D
Capsule Sizes: Empty Cap Chart w/ mg & ml InfoCapsule Sizes: Empty Cap Chart w/ mg & ml Info
Capsule sizes are labeled with a numerical value. View our empty cap size chart for all of the mathematical info you need for gelatin and other cap styles.
https://www.capsulesupplies.com/capsule-size-chart/?setCurrencyId=5
Pissin On The Roses: Complex Systems: Origin of Virulence; Chaos, & Radioactive Black DirtPissin On The Roses: Complex Systems: Origin of Virulence; Chaos, & Radioactive Black Dirt
Casadevall is Professor and Chair of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York. His research centers on the questions of how microbes cause disease and how hosts, such as humans, defend themselves. To explore this dynamic relationship, Casadevall and colleagues have long examined Cryptococcus neoformans, a common fungus that is harmless to healthy people but can cause serious disease, including lung infections and fungal meningitis, in immune-compromised people such as those with HIV/AIDS. Many of the laboratorys projects seek to understand how hosts defend against C. neoformans and how the organisms virulence contributes to disease ...
http://pissinontheroses.blogspot.com.au/2013/12/complex-systems-origin-of-virulence.html
LSHTM Research OnlineLSHTM Research Online
Beale, MA; Robertson, E; Simwami, SP; Fuentes, K; Jarvis, JN; Loyse, A; Bradley, J; Meintjes, GA; Wilson, D; Harrison, TS; +2 more... Fisher, MC; Bicanic, T; (2014) Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNB is associated with mortality in HIV associated cryptococcal meningitis in South Africa. [Conference or Workshop Item] https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/1805361 ...
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/1805361/
Postdoctoral position in Medical MycologyPostdoctoral position in Medical Mycology
A postdoctoral position is available to study mechanisms by which pathogenic fungi (eg, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) regulate intracellular acyclic polyols concentrations. Acyclic polyols such as D-arabinitol and mannitol function in fungi as intracellular osmolytes and as oxidative stress protectants, and mutants with diminished abilities to synthesize and accumulate acyclic polyols are stress-intolerant and hypovirulent (Microbiol 1996;142:937; J Immunol 1996;156:3836; J Bacteriol 1997;179:157). Our past studies have focused on the metabolic pathways by which C. albicans and C. neoformans synthesize and catabolize polyols and the functional and pathogenic significance of these pathways (J Bacteriol 1993;175:6314 and 1995;177:2971). The new postdoctoral associate will study the mechanisms by which pathogenic fungi maintain and regulate high acyclic polyol concentration gradients across the cell membrane. One possible approach will be (i) to clone the cDNAs and/or genes encoding ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/microbio/1998-February/011721.html
Cryptococcosis Medication: Antifungal agentsCryptococcosis Medication: Antifungal agents
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast. In 1894, Busse, a pathologist, first described the yeast in a paper he presented to the Greifswald Medical Society.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215354-medication
2018 ICD-10-CM Codes B45*: Cryptococcosis2018 ICD-10-CM Codes B45*: Cryptococcosis
An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs ...
http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/A00-B99/B35-B49/B45-
Biology-Online • View topic - The Fiber DiseaseBiology-Online • View topic - The Fiber Disease
The in vitro and in vivo toxicities and activities of MS-8209, a new hydrosoluble amphotericin B (deoxycholate-amphotericin B [D-AmB]; Fungizone) derivative, were studied. In vitro, MS-8209 was less toxic than AmB against renal tubular cells in primary culture and less active against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. However, at 10-fold the AmB concentration, MS-8209 in vitro antifungal activity paralleled that of AmB. Fifty-percent lethal doses of MS-8209 and D-AmB in OF1 noninfected mice were 26 and 2.3 mg/kg, respectively. Therapeutic efficacy of MS-8209 was assessed in murine candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis. In each model of infection, we determined the maximum tolerated dosages of MS-8209 and D-AmB, i.e., the dosage inducing less than 15% mortality due to toxicity; the efficacies of MS-8209 and D-AmB at their respective maximum tolerated dosages were compared. In candidiasis, MS-8209 (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the survival time compared with D-AmB (0.5 ...
http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/post-52560.html
Cryptococcus neoformansCryptococcus neoformans
... meaning that Filobasidiella neoformans became a synonym of the earlier name Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans ... Media related to Cryptococcus neoformans at Wikimedia Commons A good overview of Cryptococcus neoformans biology from the ... neoformans var. grubii. A new species name, Cryptococcus deneoformans, is used for the former C. neoformans var. neoformans. C ... Cryptococcus neoformans can cause disease in apparently immunocompetent, as well as immunocompromised, hosts. Cryptococcus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans
CryptococcusCryptococcus
... neoformans sensu stricto and Cryptococcus deneoformans. Cryptococcus gattii (formerly C. neoformans var. gattii) ... Cogliati M (2013). "Global Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular ... 2015). "Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex". Fungal Genetics and ... Filobasidiella neoformans, by crossing strains of the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. She was able to observe basidia similar to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcus
Arturo CasadevallArturo Casadevall
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates, in: Journal of ... 1998, Cryptococcus neoformans. with co-author John R. Perfect, ASM Press. Highly Cited Articles 2020, with Liise-anne Pirofski ... He has defined much of what is known about fungal pathogenesis and how fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans evade the host ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Casadevall
Rhoda Williams BenhamRhoda Williams Benham
... which she termed Cryptococcus. Her subsequent publication in 1950 established Cryptococcus neoformans as the formally accepted ... The terminology of the cryptococci with a note on Cryptococcus mollis. Mycologia 27: 496-502. 1935. Cryptococci-their ... Cryptococcus neoformans: "an ascomycete." Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 89. 243-245. 1955. Trichophyton rubrum infections: a ... With J. L. Miranda.) Chemical analysis of the capsular substance of Cryptococcus neoformans. Jour. Invest. Dermat. 22: 279-283 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhoda_Williams_Benham
Cryptococcus gattiiCryptococcus gattii
... , formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in ... "Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex". Fungal Genetics and Biology. ... neoformans species complex. Molecular techniques may be used to speciate Cryptococcus from specimens that fail to culture. ... Unlike Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gattii is not particularly associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcus_gattii
Fever of unknown originFever of unknown origin
Cryptococcus neoformans. Cancer can also cause fever of unknown origin. This is thought to be due to release of pyrogenic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever_of_unknown_origin
Gene densityGene density
"Cryptococcus neoformans (ID 61) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14. "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/ ... "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Cryptococcus_neoformans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000091045.1_ASM9104v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_density
Tremella mesentericaTremella mesenterica
Cherniak R, Jones RG, Slodki ME (1988). "Type-specific polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans. N.M.R.-spectral study of a ... Slodki ME, Wickerham LJ, Bandoni RJ (1966). "Extracellular heteropolysaccharides from Cryptococcus and Tremella: a possible ... mesenterica that closely resembled those produced by the species Cryptococcus laurentii. The structural similarity of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremella_mesenterica
Bacterial capsuleBacterial capsule
The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, though not a bacterium, has a similar capsule. Capsules too small to be seen with an ... Casadevall A, Coelho C, Cordero RJ, Dragotakes Q, Jung E, Vij R, Wear MP (December 2019). "Cryptococcus neoformans". Virulence ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (July 2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: a sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews ... Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR (April 2004). "Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule". Molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_capsule
TremellalesTremellales
2004). "Genetic requirements for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans". In Domer JE, Kobayashi GS (eds.). Human Fungal ... Molecular research has also indicated that the genus Cryptococcus should be included within the group, even though species do ... and the yeast genus Cryptococcus, several species of which are human pathogens. The order Tremellales was created (as ' ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremellales
Pathogenic fungusPathogenic fungus
The majority of Cryptococcus species live in the soil and do not cause disease in humans. Cryptococcus neoformans is the major ... Lin X, Hull CM, Heitman J (2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection". ... Alspaugh JA, Granger DL (1991). "Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans replication by nitrogen oxides supports the role of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_fungus
FungusFungus
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can live in both plants and animals. C. neoformans usually infects the ... Perfect JR (June 2006). "Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot". FEMS Yeast Research. 6 (4): 463-8. doi:10.1111/ ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (August 2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection ... Cryptococcus neoformans. Because of similarities in morphology and lifestyle, the slime molds (mycetozoans, plasmodiophorids, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus
3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose xylosylphosphotransferase3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose xylosylphosphotransferase
"A novel xylosylphosphotransferase activity discovered in Cryptococcus neoformans". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (52 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose_xylosylphosphotransferase
Carlyn HaldeCarlyn Halde
Halde, C.; Fraher, M. A. (1966-03-01). "Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon feces in San Francisco". California Medicine. 104 (3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlyn_Halde
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
IRIS has been described in immunocompetent hosts who have meningitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans ... Lane, M.; McBride, J.; Archer, J. (23 August 2004). "Steroid responsive late deterioration in Cryptococcus neoformans variety ... in whom Cryptococcus neoformans is the usual pathogen. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids during IRIS may be beneficial in ... "Paradoxical Inflammatory Reaction during Treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii Meningitis in an HIV-Seronegative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_reconstitution_inflammatory_syndrome
Ptilomycalin APtilomycalin A
"Ptilomycalin A inhibits laccase and melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans". Bioorg Med Chem. 19 (22): 6654-7. doi:10.1016/j. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptilomycalin_A
Katherine FranzKatherine Franz
She has looked at iron and copper as ionophores; which are important in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Franz also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Franz
NigrosinNigrosin
as well as the capsule-containing fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. The shapes and sizes of the organisms are seen as color-free ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrosin
LaccaseLaccase
"Unraveling Melanin Biosynthesis and Signaling Networks in Cryptococcus neoformans". mBio. 10 (5): e02267-19. doi:10.1128/mBio. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccase
YeastYeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... Cogliati M (2013). "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast
PropagulePropagule
Ellis, David; Pfeiffer, Tania (1990-10-13). "Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans". The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagule
Opportunistic infectionOpportunistic infection
"Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in ... Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_infection
Intracellular parasiteIntracellular parasite
Cryptococcus neoformans Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the parasite's ... Alvarez, M.; Burns, T.; Luo, Y.; Pirofski, L. A.; Casadevall, A. (2009). "The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_parasite
PhagolysosomePhagolysosome
"Cryptococcus neoformans resides in an acidic phagolysosome of human macrophages". Infection and Immunity. 67 (2): 885-890. ISSN ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagolysosome
Major histocompatibility complex and sexual selectionMajor histocompatibility complex and sexual selection
"Major Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice". Infection and Immunity. 71 (8): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex_and_sexual_selection
BasidiomycotaBasidiomycota
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... The ability of C. neoformans and U. maydis to undergo meiosis may contribute to their virulence by repairing the oxidative DNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota
Mucicarmine stainMucicarmine stain
One of the organisms that is identified using this staining technique is Cryptococcus neoformans. Another use is in surgical ... Lazcano, O (Jan 1993). "Combined histochemical stains in the differential diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans". Modern ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucicarmine_stain
HistatinHistatin
Tsai H, Bobek LA (October 1997). "Human salivary histatin-5 exerts potent fungicidal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ... and Cryptococcus neoformans. Histatins also precipitate tannins from solution, thus preventing alimentary adsorption. Histatins ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histatin
Joseph HeitmanJoseph Heitman
Hull, CM, Davidson, RC, Heitman, J (December 2002). "Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are ... "Mating-type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans: a step in the evolution of sex chromosomes". Eukaryotic Cell. 1 (5): 704-718. doi ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... "Sex-induced silencing defends the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans via RNAi". Genes & Development. 24 (22): 2566-82. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Heitman
List of sequenced fungi genomesList of sequenced fungi genomes
February 2005). "The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans". Science. 307 (5713): 1321 ... Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans JEC21, human pathogen (2005, other strains unpubl.) Dacryopinax sp. (2012) Tremella ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_fungi_genomes
GNLYGNLY
"CD8 T cell-mediated killing of Cryptococcus neoformans requires granulysin and is dependent on CD4 T cells and IL-15". Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNLY
List of MeSH codes (B05)List of MeSH codes (B05)
... cryptococcus MeSH B05.381.258.366 - cryptococcus neoformans MeSH B05.381.340 - epidermophyton MeSH B05.381.355 - exophiala MeSH ... cryptococcus MeSH B05.930.316.366 - cryptococcus neoformans MeSH B05.930.536 - kluyveromyces MeSH B05.930.574 - malassezia MeSH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B05)
Radiosynthesis (metabolism)Radiosynthesis (metabolism)
... and that Cryptococcus neoformans fungi grew three times faster than normal. Microbiologist Ekaterina Dadachova suggested such ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosynthesis_(metabolism)
BZIP intron RNA motifBZIP intron RNA motif
Cryptococcus neoformans, Ustilago maydis Plants: Arabidopsis thaliana, maize. Computational methods predict a bZIP intron with ... for Controlling Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans". PLOS Pathogens. 7 (8): e1002177. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002177. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BZIP_intron_RNA_motif
Calcofluor-whiteCalcofluor-white
... and Cryptococcus neoformans. CFW staining of Pneumocystis carinii in lung biopsies can be optimized by initial CFW at room ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcofluor-white
MeningoencephalitisMeningoencephalitis
The fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, can be symptomatically manifested within the CNS as meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningoencephalitis
Angophora costataAngophora costata
Aulographina eucalypti and Cryptococcus neoformans. Smooth-barked apple grows well in a variety of situations and can be easily ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angophora_costata
Mating of yeastMating of yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous fungus that grows as a budding yeast in culture and in an infected host. C. ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... suggested that one benefit of meiosis in C. neoformans could be to promote DNA repair in a DNA damaging environment that could ... The vast majority of environmental and clinical isolates of C. neoformans are mating type α. Filaments ordinarily have haploid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_of_yeast
Pseudogymnoascus destructansPseudogymnoascus destructans
... virulence factors in pathogenic environmental fungi-the Cryptococcus neoformans paradigm". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 6 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudogymnoascus_destructans
House crowHouse crow
They have also been found to carry Cryptococcus neoformans, which can cause cryptococcosis in humans. House crows in Tanzania ... serotypes and mating patterns of Cryptococcus neoformans in the pellets of different avifauna in Madras, India. Mycoses, 47:310 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_crow
TetrazoleTetrazole
Investigational Fungal Cyp51 Inhibitor VT-1129 Demonstrates Potent Activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrazole
FlucytosineFlucytosine
... by mouth is used for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of Candida or Cryptococcus neoformans. ... Flucytosine is active in vitro as well as in vivo against some strains of Candida and Cryptococcus. Limited studies demonstrate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flucytosine
Eugenia calycinaEugenia calycina
... towards Cryptococcus gattii L48, Cryptococcus neoformans L3 (MIC=31.2μg/mL), and Cryptococcus sp. D (MIC=62.5μg/mL). Therefore ... were revealed to show activity against Cryptococcus sp. D (minimum inhibitory concentration=15.62μg/mL). It was also revealed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenia_calycina
Naganishia albidaNaganishia albida
... is very similar to Cryptococcus neoformans, but can be differentiated because it is phenol oxidase-negative, ... "Cryptococcus albidus". Mycology Online. The University of Adelaide. Archived from the original on 2004-06-30. v t e (Articles ... Naganishia albida (synonym Cryptococcus albidus) is a species of fungus in the family Filobasidiaceae. It is currently only ... "Cryptococcus albidus". Dr. Fungus. Archived from the original on 2010-11-06. Labrecque O, Sylvestre D, Messier S (January 2005 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naganishia_albida
Jean Paul VuilleminJean Paul Vuillemin
... was named Saccharomyces hominis by Otto Busse and Saccharomyces neoformans by Francesco Sanfelice to the genus Cryptococcus due ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Vuillemin
Clausena anisataClausena anisata
Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. A methanolic extract from the roots shows molluscicidal results in Bulinus globosus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausena_anisata
MTOR inhibitorsMTOR inhibitors
Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. A few years later its immunosuppressive properties were detected. Later ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR_inhibitors
FungivoreFungivore
Examples of necrotrophs include Staphylococcus aureus which feed on Cryptococcus neoformans, Aeromonas caviae which feed on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungivore
Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin - 96911 | ATCCCryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin - 96911 | ATCC
Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin, anamorph Synonyms. Cryptococcus neoformans var. shanghaiensis Liao, Torula ... To download a certificate of origin for Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (96911), enter the lot number exactly as ... To download a certificate of analysis for Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (96911), enter the lot number exactly ... The certificate of analysis for that lot of Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (96911) is not currently available ...
https://www.atcc.org/products/96911
The role of macrophages in the susceptibility of Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient mice to Cryptococcus neoformans | Scientific...The role of macrophages in the susceptibility of Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient mice to Cryptococcus neoformans | Scientific...
These results support, at least in part, a model whereby, in FcγRIIb−/− mice, enhanced C. neoformans transmigration occurs ... Mortality, after intravenous C. neoformans-induced cryptococcosis, in young (8-week-old) and older (24-week-old) FcγRIIb−/− ... When administered to wild-type mice, FcγRIIb−/− macrophages with phagocytosed Cryptococcus resulted in higher fungal burdens ... In vitro Cryptococcus neoformans-induced macrophage cytokine production. Heat-killed C. neoformans, (immersion in a 60 °C water ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40006?error=cookies_not_supported
Image: Cryptococcus neoformans, tissue smear - Merck Veterinary ManualImage: Cryptococcus neoformans, tissue smear - Merck Veterinary Manual
Cryptococcus neoformans, tissue smear. Cryptococcus neoformans, tissue smear, Wright stain, high power. Note the daughter cell ...
https://www.merckvetmanual.com/multimedia/image/cryptococcus-neoformans-tissue-smear
PRIME PubMed | Proven pulmonary cryptococcosis due to capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans does not differ clinically from...PRIME PubMed | Proven pulmonary cryptococcosis due to capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans does not differ clinically from...
neoformans. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android ... Cryptococcus_neoformans_does_not_differ_clinically_from_proven_ ... Proven pulmonary cryptococcosis due to capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans does not differ clinically from proven ... caused by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans with those of six patients with PC caused by capsule-intact Cr. neoformans ... caused by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans with those of six patients with PC caused by capsule-intact Cr. neoformans ...
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/15679661/Proven_pulmonary_cryptococcosis_due_to_capsule_deficient_Cryptococcus_neoformans_does_not_differ_clinically_from_proven_pulmonary_cryptococcosis_due_to_capsule_intact_Cr__neoformans_
WHO EMRO | Case report: Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningitis in Egypt: a case report | Volume 12, issue 1/2 | EMHJ...
... neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and ... Characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotype A and A/D in samples from Egypt. Folia microbiologica, ... neoformans var. gattii occurs more commonly in otherwise healthy patients while C. neoformans var. neoformans occurs more often ... Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Medical mycology, 2001, 39:155-68.. *Chen S et al. Epidemiology and host- and variety- ...
https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-12-2006/volume-12-issue-1-2/case-report-cryptococcus-neoformans-var-gattii-meningitis-in-egypt-a-case-report.html
UGE1 and UGE2 regulate the UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose equilibrium in Cryptococcus neoformans - Research - Institut PasteurUGE1 and UGE2 regulate the UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose equilibrium in Cryptococcus neoformans - Research - Institut Pasteur
UGE1 and UGE2 regulate the UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose equilibrium in Cryptococcus neoformans. ... The genome of the basidiomycete pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans carries two UDP-glucose epimerase genes (UGE1 and UGE2 ... Here, we show that UGE2 is necessary for C. neoformans cells to utilize galactose as a carbon source at 30 degrees C but is not ...
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/uge1-and-uge2-regulate-the-udp-glucoseudp-galactose-equilibrium-in-cryptococcus-neoformans/
Epidemiologic differences among serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
keywords = "Cryptococcus neoformans, Pigeons, Serotyping",. author = "Bennett, {John E.} and Kwon-Chung, {K. J.} and Howard, { ... Bennett, John E. ; Kwon-Chung, K. J. ; Howard, Dexter H. / Epidemiologic differences among serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans ... Bennett, J. E., Kwon-Chung, K. J., & Howard, D. H. (1977). Epidemiologic differences among serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans ... Epidemiologic differences among serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans. / Bennett, John E.; Kwon-Chung, K. J.; Howard, Dexter H. ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/epidemiologic-differences-among-serotypes-of-cryptococcus-neoform-3
Cryptococcus neoformans survive and replicate in human microglia<...
title = "Cryptococcus neoformans survive and replicate in human microglia",. abstract = "BACKGROUND: Cryptococcus neoformans ( ... Cryptococcus neoformans survive and replicate in human microglia. S. C. Lee, Y. Kress, M. L. Zhao, D. W. Dickson, A. Casadevall ... Cryptococcus neoformans survive and replicate in human microglia. / Lee, S. C.; Kress, Y.; Zhao, M. L. et al. ... Cryptococcus neoformans survive and replicate in human microglia. In: Laboratory Investigation. 1995 ; Vol. 73, No. 6. pp. 871- ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cryptococcus-neoformans-survive-and-replicate-in-human-microglia
Thioredoxin reductase is essential for viability in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. | Scholars@DukeThioredoxin reductase is essential for viability in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. | [email protected]
Thioredoxin reductase is essential for viability in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. ... Thioredoxin reductase is essential for viability in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Journal Article (Journal ... The C. neoformans TRR1 gene encodes the low-molecular-weight isoform of the thioredoxin reductase enzyme, which shares little ... induced during oxidative and nitrosative stress and is preferentially localized to the mitochondria in Cryptococcus neoformans ...
https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1508775
Comparison of clinical and biological characteristics of HIV-infected patients presenting Cryptococcus neoformans versus C....Comparison of clinical and biological characteristics of HIV-infected patients presenting Cryptococcus neoformans versus C....
... neoformans (Cn) versus C. curvatus/C. laurentii (Cc/Cl) meningitis. Comparative analytical study were conducted. Apart from ... Cryptococcal meningitis is mainly caused by Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii complex. We compared the clinical, biological, ... From: Comparison of clinical and biological characteristics of HIV-infected patients presenting Cryptococcus neoformans versus ...
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-06849-3/peer-review
What makes Cryptococcus neoformans a pathogen?What makes Cryptococcus neoformans a pathogen?
Prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon habitats Cite CITE. Title : Prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon ... Title : What makes Cryptococcus neoformans a pathogen? Personal Author(s) : Buchanan, K. L.;Murphy, J. W.; Published Date : ... Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans cause pulmonary and systemic cryptococcosis. Recently, C. gattii was recognized as a ... Life-threatening infections caused by the encapsulated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans have been increasing steadily ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15459
The <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Flc1 Homologue Controls Calcium Hom by Piotr R. Stempinski, Kristie D...."The <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Flc1 Homologue Controls Calcium Hom" by Piotr R. Stempinski, Kristie D....
Here, we report that deletion of C. neoformans FLC1 results in cytosolic calcium elevation and increased nuclear content of ... Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic yeast pathogen, relies on a complex network of stress response pathways that allow ... The Cryptococcus neoformans Flc1 Homologue Controls Calcium Homeostasis and Confers Fungal Pathogenicity in the Infected Hosts ... Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic yeast pathogen, relies on a complex network of stress response pathways that allow ...
https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/oa_fund/4/
Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from Laos in a regional and global context - MORU Tropical...Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from Laos in a regional and global context - MORU Tropical...
Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from Laos in a regional and global context ... Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from Laos in a regional and global context ...
https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/935214
Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii gca 002222135 - Ensembl Genomes 55Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii gca 002222135 - Ensembl Genomes 55
About Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii str. CM50 (GCA_002222135) Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast and an ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii str. CM50 (Cryp_neof_grubii_cng1_V1) ▼ Favourite species. *Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal organism and it can cause disease in apparently immunocompetent, as well as ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A. *Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21. *Cryptococcus wingfieldii CBS ...
https://fungi.ensembl.org/Cryptococcus_neoformans_var_grubii_gca_002222135/Info/Index
Genotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii as agents of endemic cryptococcosis in Teresina, Piauí ...Genotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii as agents of endemic cryptococcosis in Teresina, Piauí ...
Throughout Brazil, Cryptococcus neoformans is the cause of cryptococcosis, whereas Cryptococcus gattii is endemic to the ... GENOTYPES OF CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS AND CRYPTOCOCCUS GATTII AS AGENTS OF ENDEMIC CRYPTOCOCCOSIS IN TERESINA, PIAUÍ ( ... Genotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii as agents of endemic cryptococcosis in Teresina, Piauí ( ... Our results provide new information on the molecular epidemiology of C. neoformans and C. gattii in Brazilian endemic areas.. ...
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/37110
Horse: a potential source of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Egypt | BMC Veterinary Research | Full TextHorse: a potential source of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Egypt | BMC Veterinary Research | Full Text
Bacteriological examination and the identification of Cryptococcus spp. were performed. Molecular serotyping of Cryptococcus ... Cryptococcus spp. represents a potential risk for immunosuppressed and healthy persons. In Egypt, epidemiological data on ... The current study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Cryptococcus spp. in horses and its possible role in the ... isolates recovered from the nasal passages of horses proved that C. gattii (B), C. neoformans, and two hybrids between C. ...
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-021-03127-x
cryptococcus neoformans
... (es); Cryptococcus neoformans (szl); Cryptococcus neoformans (eu); Cryptococcus neoformans (ast); ... Cryptococcus neoformans - Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, 4. اسماء جميع الأمراض التي ... John E. . Cryptococcus Neoformans. . Cryptococcosis ( Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii). neoformans. . تقنيات ... neoformans are similar is unknown. Keywords Cryptococcus neoformans . Cryptococcus neoformans - Especie de hongo levaduriforme ...
https://ahmedmoney.authentique-esthetique.fr/akoljlzrp.html
Information for Healthcare Professionals about C. neoformans Infection | Fungal Diseases | CDCInformation for Healthcare...Information for Healthcare Professionals about C. neoformans Infection | Fungal Diseases | CDCInformation for Healthcare...
Cryptococcus neoformans can cause either no infection, latent infection, or symptomatic disease. Because C. neoformans enters ... Information for Healthcare Professionals about Cryptococcus neoformans Infection. ... C. neoformans can also disseminate to the central nervous system (CNS) and cause meningoencephalitis. Symptoms of a CNS ... C. neoformans infection is acquired through inhalation of basidiospores or desiccated yeast cells from the environment. The ...
https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/cryptococcosis-neoformans/health-professionals.html
Cryptococcus neoformans infecção | Examedesangue.comCryptococcus neoformans infecção | Examedesangue.com
Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura que podem causar infecções. Pacientes com imunidade reduzida estão em maior risco de ... Cryptococcus neoformans O que é o Cryptococcus neoformans?. Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura que podem causar infecções. ...
http://www.examedesangue.com/cryptococcus-neoformans/
IMSEAR at SEARO: Cryptococcus neoformans in Siriraj Hospital 1994-1995.
Cryptococcus neoformans in Siriraj Hospital 1994-1995.. 作者: Imwidthaya, Pankorn. Sethakorn, Chantima. Chaiprasert, Angkana. ... Cryptococcus neoformans in Siriraj Hospital 1994-1995. Siriraj Medical Journal, 1997 Dec; 49(12): 1145-1052. ... C.neoformans is susceptible to various antifungal agents, namely amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole, in ... Patients suffered from only one serotype of C.neoformans. The fingerprint pattern was stable under the stress of various drug ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/137739?locale=zh_TW
Editorialresponse: Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformansEditorialresponse: Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus Neoformans - Habitat, Epidemiology, Treatment + MoreCryptococcus Neoformans - Habitat, Epidemiology, Treatment + More
Learn everything there is to know about Cryptococcus Neoformans - Habitat, Morphology, Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, ... neoformans and C. neoformans var. grubii. C. neoformans var. neoformans grows as bright red colonies, turning the medium a ... isolates of neoformans can be divided into two varieties, C. neoformans var. neoformans and C. neoformans var. gattii, ... neoformans is an encapsulated, environmental yeast.. *Cryptococcus neoformans is a round or oval yeast measuring 4-6 µm in ...
https://microbiologyinfo.com/cryptococcus-neoformans/
Cryptococcus neoformans - Infectious Dis. - Medbullets Step 2/3Cryptococcus neoformans - Infectious Dis. - Medbullets Step 2/3
A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency room with headaches, fevers, and generalized malaise for the past week. His latest visit to the HIV clinic reveals a CD4+ cell count of 50. He has had issues with insurance and has not been on his HIV medications. A lumbar puncture is performed and yeast with clear halos is seen with India ink stain. He is started immediately on the appropriate medications. ...
https://step2.medbullets.com/infectious-dis/121831/cryptococcus-neoformans
Construction of pro1 Reconstituted Strain of Cryptococcus neoformans
Construction of pro1 Reconstituted Strain of Cryptococcus ...
https://jewlscholar.mtsu.edu/items/c782f45c-6cd4-416a-8e41-9fa49a9906ef
A yeast under cover: The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans<...A yeast under cover: The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
Bose, I, Reese, AJ, Ory, JJ, Janbon, G & Doering, TL 2003, A yeast under cover: The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans, ... A yeast under cover: The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryotic Cell. 2003 Aug;2(4):655-663. doi: 10.1128/EC.2.4.655- ... A yeast under cover: The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Indrani Bose, Amy J. Reese, Jeramia J. Ory, Guilhem Janbon, Tamara ... A yeast under cover : The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. In: Eukaryotic Cell. 2003 ; Vol. 2, No. 4. pp. 655-663. ...
https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/publications/a-yeast-under-cover-the-capsule-of-cryptococcus-neoformans
Pesq. Antigénio Cryptococcus neoformans (soro) - Análise Clínicas - Germano de Sousa - AnálisesPesq. Antigénio Cryptococcus neoformans (soro) - Análise Clínicas - Germano de Sousa - Análises
No Grupo Germano de Sousa - Centro de Medicina Laboratorial, poderá realizar um vasto conjunto de análises com a maxima Qualidade e Rigor.
https://www.germanodesousa.com/en/clinical-analysis/32075/
Domain assignment for CNAG 04235T0 from Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99Domain assignment for CNAG 04235T0 from Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99
04235T0 from Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 . Plus protein sequence and external database links. ... Domain assignment for CNAG_04235T0 from Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 Domain architecture ... CNAG_04235 , Cryptococcus neoformans grubii H99 conserved hypothetical protein (151 aa). Sequence. ...
https://supfam.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/gene.cgi?genome=n2
Meningitis: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologyMeningitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, yeastlike fungus that is ubiquitous. It has been found in high concentrations in ... C neoformans has a worldwide distribution. Serotypes B and C have been restricted mostly to tropical and subtropical regions, ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/232915-10750/what-is-the-role-of-gnathostoma-spinigerum-g-spinigerum-in-the-development-of-eosinophilic-meningoencephalitis
CryptococcosisGrubiiYeastSerotypeFungusPathogen Cryptococcus neoformansHuman fungal pathogenFungiInfectionCandidaPathogenicMeningitisInfectionsAspergillusHistoplasmaDroppingsFilobasidiellaIsolatesOpportunisticVarietiesEpidemiologyIsolationVirulenceSerotypesAntifungal agentsClinicalDiagnosisPulmonaryOccurrenceMelaninSaccharomycesDetectionAsymptomaticMiceEucalyptusLung
Cryptococcosis18
  • Mortality, after intravenous C. neoformans -induced cryptococcosis, in young (8-week-old) and older (24-week-old) FcγRIIb−/− mice, was higher than in age-matched wild-types. (nature.com)
  • Because cryptococcosis is an important invasive fungal infection in SLE, we examined the immune responses of FcγRIIb−/− mice to Cryptococcus neoformans, in vivo and in vitro . (nature.com)
  • Proven pulmonary cryptococcosis due to capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans does not differ clinically from proven pulmonary cryptococcosis due to capsule-intact Cr. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • We compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, and outcomes of eight patients with proven pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) caused by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans with those of six patients with PC caused by capsule-intact Cr. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Throughout Brazil, Cryptococcus neoformans is the cause of cryptococcosis, whereas Cryptococcus gattii is endemic to the northern and northeastern states. (fiocruz.br)
  • Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease caused by the infiltration of the Cryptococcus neoformans fungus. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • A species of the fungus cryptococcus, the causative agent of cryptococcosis. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Two species, Cryptococcus neoformans and C. People can become infected with C. The most common risk for cryptococcosis caused by C. CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class cryptococcosis - fungal meningitis - Cryptococcus neoformans - yeast - Filobasidiella neoforman. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is the fungal caustic agent of Cryptococcosis. (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • In our body, the infectious dis-ease, Cryptococcosis (Torulosis) , is a type of fungal infection , indicative to a specific set of signs, symptoms or other health indicators, associated with a health challenge with a fungus of the species Cryptococcus neoformans . (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • Micrograph of cryptococcosis showing the characteristically thick capsule of cryptococcus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii varies with geographic region, populations affected, disease manifestations, and severity of infection , which impact treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cryptococcosis is infection with the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis ( Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a causative agent of the fungal infection cryptococcosis. (cdc.gov)
  • No koalas from which C. neoformans was persistently isolated showed clinical signs of cryptococcosis and all except one had a negative latex cryptococcal antigen test, therefore the nasal cavity was presumed to be colonized by, rather than infected with, C. neoformans. (edu.au)
  • The main infectious agent responsible for cryptococcosis is the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans , an encapsulated yeast mainly spread by airborne transmission that is present in soil and organic debris. (pasteur.fr)
Grubii3
  • grubii and C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
  • grubii , serotype A (3), C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
  • grubii / neoformans has been isolated worldwide ratories, and 3) to apply PCR fingerprinting and URA5 RFLP from soil enriched with avian excreta (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Yeast14
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast ubiquitous in nature which, when it infects humans, typically causes pulmonary disease and occasionally meningitis [1]. (who.int)
  • The genome of the basidiomycete pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans carries two UDP-glucose epimerase genes (UGE1 and UGE2). (pasteur.fr)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans , an opportunistic yeast pathogen, relies on a complex network of stress response pathways that allow for proliferation in the host. (clemson.edu)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast and an obligate aerobe that can live in both plants and animals. (ensembl.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast capable of causing fatal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • neoformans is a spherical yeast, 4-6 µm in diameter, that produces a capsule containing glucoronoxylomannan (GXM), extending the overall. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Depending on the virulence of the yeast strain and the immune status of the host, Cryptococcus neoformans can cause either no infection, latent infection, or symptomatic disease. (cdc.gov)
  • C. neoformans infection is acquired through inhalation of basidiospores or desiccated yeast cells from the environment. (cdc.gov)
  • neoformans is an encapsulated, environmental yeast. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a round or oval yeast measuring 4-6 µm in diameter, surrounded by a capsule that can be up to 30 µm thick. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • Persisting Cryptococcus yeast species Vishniacozyma victoriae and Cryptococcus neoformans elicit unique airway inflammation in mice following repeated exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • India ink stain to reveal the polysaccharide capsule on yeast cells of the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (ubc.ca)
  • The occurrence of the primary pathogenic addition, Streptococcus pneumoniae yeast Cryptococcus gattii in Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • If encapsulated yeast are observed there is a high correlation with the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans, viable or non-viable forms. (fairview.org)
Serotype5
  • The larger number of genotype VNI iso- mans , serotype D, C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
  • neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. (who.int)
  • In the USA, the most prevalent serotype of the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, was serotype A. This serotype constituted 203 of 272 isolates from infections and 85 of 89 isolates from the environment. (elsevier.com)
  • The C. neoformans species complex includes two separate species, C. neoformans (serotype A) represented by genotypes VNI, VNII, and VNB and C. deneoformans (serotype D) represented by genotype VNIV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients suffered from only one serotype of C.neoformans. (who.int)
Fungus8
  • Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans , a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes. (ensembl.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous environmental encapsulated fungus. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • In nature, Cryptococcus neoformans is a species of the fungus of the Cryptococcus genus , in the Cryptococcaceae family of the Tremellales order in the Tremellomycetes class of the Agaricomycotina subphylum in the Basidiomycota phylum (basidiomycetes) within the Fungi kingdom (fungus) . (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • Diagnosis is by isolating Cryptococcus from a sample of affected tissue or direct observation of the fungus by using staining of body fluids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryptococcus is the most common fungus that causes serious infection worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1,2 People can become infected with C. neoformans after breathing in the microscopic fungus, although most people exposed to the fungus never get sick from it. (cdc.gov)
  • The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is present in the environment, and contamination generally occurs by inhalation . (pasteur.fr)
  • A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS . (bvsalud.org)
Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans3
  • Thioredoxin reductase is essential for viability in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (duke.edu)
  • Here we show that another process is involved in generating genotypes of sexual progeny from a hybrid cross between two divergent lineages of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (singerinstruments.com)
  • Mechanisms of infection by the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans . (cdc.gov)
Human fungal pathogen1
  • The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus is able to rapidly and effectively adjust to variable conditions, favoring its survival in the environment and in the infected host [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fungi4
  • neoformans after breathing in the by HC Eisenman · 2011 · Cited by 36 - Cryptococcus neoformans is unusual among melanotic fungi in that it requires an exogenous supply of precursor to synthesize melanin. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • It is caused by the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans or less commonly Cryptococcus gattii , and is acquired by breathing in the spores from the air. (wikipedia.org)
  • C neoformans and C gattii are the fungi that cause this disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our results show that melanin in C. neoformans cells is susceptible to some damage by hydroxyl radical formed in lethal radioactive aqueous environments and serves a protective role in melanized fungi that involves sacrificial breakdown. (elsevier.com)
Infection9
  • Because C. neoformans enters the body through the respiratory route, infection can present as pneumonia-like illness, with symptoms such as cough, fever, chest pain, and weight loss. (cdc.gov)
  • Males are more likely to develop the infection and a 2020 study showed that the sex bias may be due to a growth hormone, produced by C. neoformans called gibberellic acid (GA) that is upregulated by testosterone. (wikipedia.org)
  • We compared underlying diseases , clinical manifestations, treatment , and outcomes in patients with C. gattii or C. neoformans infection . (bvsalud.org)
  • Infection with C neoformans is seen worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • C neoformans is the most common life-threatening cause of fungal infection in people with HIV/AIDS. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 9 Little is known about the specific activities that may increase risk of C. neoformans infection, although working near bird droppings may increase exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The Molecular Mycology Unit also investigates factors involved in the virulence and dormancy of Cryptococcus neoformans and conducts research on the pathophysiology of infection and the development of new tests. (pasteur.fr)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans infection as a cause of severe hyperammonaemia and encephalopathy. (nih.gov)
  • Routine siliqua (carob) trees as natural habitat and laboratory test results were within source of infection by Cryptococcus gattii by Mycobacterium normal limits. (cdc.gov)
Candida2
  • Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, 4. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Though a wide range of organisms and diseases is considered, the most extensive information centers on common mycoses associated with invasive fungal infections, including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus spp. (who.int)
Pathogenic2
  • This study provides the first insights into the Egyptian horse ecology of Cryptococcus species and highlights the role of horses as asymptomatic carriers in disseminating the potentially pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen whose pathogenic lifestyle is linked to its ability to cope with fluctuating levels of copper (Cu), an essential metal involved in multiple virulence mechanisms, within distinct host niches. (jbc.org)
Meningitis6
  • In South Africa, Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of adult meningitis. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • People can become infected with C. . Cryptococcus neoformans es una levadura oportunista que produce criptococosis pulmonar, neumonía aguda atípica y meningitis crónica. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • C. neoformans meningitis may lead to permanent neurologic damage. (cdc.gov)
  • During lethal cryptococcal meningitis in the brain, C. neoformans senses a Cu-deficient environment and is highly dependent on its ability to scavenge trace levels of Cu from its host and adapt to Cu scarcity to successfully colonize this niche. (jbc.org)
  • In humans, C. neoformans chiefly infects the skin, lungs, and central nervous system (causing meningitis ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen that causes primarily meningitis and pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
Infections12
  • It is caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex and the Cryptococcus gattii species complex and is usually associated with pulmonary and systemic infections in humans and animals [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • . neoformans has a more restricted distribution with infections being more prevalent in Europe, including France, Italy and Denmark, where it accounts for 30% of isolates. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • neoformans is found worldwide, is associated with avian excreta (particularly that of pigeons), and causes the vast majority of human infections. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • neoformans infections are more strongly correlated with older patients, the skin, and the use of corticosteroids. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • grubi i has a worldwide distribution, causing 95% of all C. neoformans infections. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • [9] Pigeon breeders (or fanciers) are known to have a high incidence of cryptococcal infections including PCC due to Cryptococcus' association with pigeon droppings. (wikipedia.org)
  • MSG07: An International Cohort Study Comparing Epidemiology and Outcomes of Patients With Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii Infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • blood infections were more common in C. neoformans-infected patients (Pâ ≤â .0001 for both). (bvsalud.org)
  • C. neoformans infections are rare in otherwise healthy people. (cdc.gov)
  • and Cryptococcus neoformans , that cause infections. (iso.org)
  • C. neoformans has a clear predilection for causing disease in persons in whom the immune system is impaired, and today an overwhelming proportion of C. neoformans infections occur in immunocompromised persons. (cdc.gov)
  • Early data from endemic areas suggested that C. gattii differed not only in epidemiology and clinical presentation from C. neoformans , but might also have different susceptibilities to antifungal agents and require more aggressive and lengthier antifungal therapy than C. neoformans infections. (cdc.gov)
Aspergillus2
  • The repertoires of Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus , and Aspergillus nidulans were found to exhibit the highest orthology to the human repertoire, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae one of the lowest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3), C. neoformans (2), Aspergillus sp. (bvsalud.org)
Histoplasma1
  • In addition to Histoplasma , Cryptococcus neoformans may also be a health risk for workers who disturb accumulations of bird or bat droppings. (cdc.gov)
Droppings1
  • Three hundred and sixty five samples of avian droppings, collected from parks and zoo, were investigated for the occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans in Korea. (koreamed.org)
Filobasidiella2
  • Su telemorfo es la Filobasidiella neoformans. (bvsalud.org)
  • Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans. (bvsalud.org)
Isolates5
  • isolates recovered from the nasal passages of horses proved that C. gattii (B), C. neoformans , and two hybrids between C. neoformans (A) and C. gattii (B) were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, in case of soil samples, the isolates were identified as C. gattii (B). The human isolates were serotyped as C. gattii in two isolates and C. neoformans in only one isolate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular detection of some virulence genes (LAC1), (CAP59), and (PLB1) were identified in both C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isolates of neoformans can also be divided into five serotypes, termed A, B, C, D and AD (both A and D determinants present) on the basis of antigenic differences between their capsular polysaccharides. (microbiologyinfo.com)
  • All isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. (koreamed.org)
Opportunistic1
  • BACKGROUND: Cryptococcus neoformans (CN) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with immune deficiency. (elsevier.com)
Varieties2
  • Serotyping of the organism has identified 3 main varieties: C. neoformans var. (who.int)
  • neoformans alone from 22 and both varieties from five nasal swabs. (edu.au)
Epidemiology2
  • To this have been used to study the epidemiology of C. neoformans . (cdc.gov)
  • Our results provide new information on the molecular epidemiology of C. neoformans and C. gattii in Brazilian endemic areas. (fiocruz.br)
Isolation2
  • Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (koreamed.org)
  • Patient 3, a 70-year-old man technique for isolation of Cryptococcus in 2006 from a patient with neoformans from decayed wood in tree with tongue cancer, was admitted to trunk hollows. (cdc.gov)
Virulence2
  • Here, we show that UGE2 is necessary for C. neoformans cells to utilize galactose as a carbon source at 30 degrees C but is not required for virulence. (pasteur.fr)
  • The Cryptococcus neoformans and their virulence for mice. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
Serotypes2
  • gattii , serotypes B and lates agrees with the fact that C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
  • Howard, Dexter H. / Epidemiologic differences among serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans . (elsevier.com)
Antifungal agents1
  • C.neoformans is susceptible to various antifungal agents, namely amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole, in the therapeutic range. (who.int)
Clinical2
  • We performed multi locus sequence typing and fluconazole susceptibility testing of clinical C. neoformans var. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Result of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), performed on a clinical specimen, specific for Cryptococcus gattii . (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis1
Pulmonary3
  • neoformans, and pulmonary involvement may be minimal if dissemination occurs quickly. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Objective: This study aimed to compare the immunological impact of repeated pulmonary exposure to Cryptococcus yeasts. (cdc.gov)
  • Discussion: C. neoformans remained in the lungs and exacerbated the pulmonary immune responses as expected following repeated exposure. (cdc.gov)
Occurrence2
Melanin2
  • neoformans produces melanin pigments that play a protective role in both natural and physiological. (authentique-esthetique.fr)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans), which uses L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to produce melanin, was used here to investigate how gamma radiation under aqueous aerobic conditions affects the properties of melanin, with the aim of gaining insight into its radioprotective role. (elsevier.com)
Saccharomyces1
  • Also, the repertoire of Cryptococcus neoformans may represent a better model fungal system within which to study the functions of the PPIases as its genome size and genetic tractability are equal to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , whilst its repertoires exhibits greater orthology to that of humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Detection1
  • Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans antigen by latex agglutination. (tamu.edu)
Asymptomatic3
  • After C. neoformans administration, FcγRIIb−/− mice demonstrated higher mortality than the age-matched wild-type control mice in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic lupus groups ( Fig. 1A-D ). In the young mouse group, all of the FcγRIIb−/− mice, but only 57% of the wild-type mice, died or became moribund within 90 days of challenge ( Fig. 1A ). (nature.com)
  • Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). (edu.au)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). (edu.au)
Mice3
  • When administered to wild-type mice, FcγRIIb−/− macrophages with phagocytosed Cryptococcus resulted in higher fungal burdens than FcγRIIb+/+ macrophages with phagocytosed Cryptococcus . (nature.com)
  • These results support, at least in part, a model whereby, in FcγRIIb−/− mice, enhanced C. neoformans transmigration occurs through infected macrophages. (nature.com)
  • Methods: Mice were repeatedly exposed to an immunogenic dose of C. neoformans or V. victoriae via oropharyngeal aspiration. (cdc.gov)
Eucalyptus2
  • Furthermore, it is a classical result of interactions between the host-pathogen and environmental sources that comprise soil contaminated with avian (most often pigeon) guano ( C. neoformans ) or soil debris and decaying trees like eucalyptus trees ( C. gattii ) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cryptococcus gattii is found in trees such as eucalyptus and is also spread by inhalation. (pasteur.fr)
Lung2
  • Repeated C. neoformans exposure initiated myeloid and lymphoid cellular infiltration into the lung that worsened over time, as well as an IL-4 and IL-5 response compared to PBS-exposed controls. (cdc.gov)
  • Same-sex mating and the origin of indicated new nodular lung lesions the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gat- abscess after a fat injection ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging Infectious...
Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging...
Figure 1 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 3 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging...
Figure 3 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 4 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging...
Figure 4 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 2 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging...
Figure 2 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5...
Figure 1 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5...
Figure 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Appendix Figure 1 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14,...
Appendix Figure 1 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14,... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5-May 2008 -...
Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5-May 2008 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Appendix Figure 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14,...
Appendix Figure 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14,... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Appendix Figure 2 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14,...
Appendix Figure 2 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14,... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 2 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5...
Figure 2 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 6 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5...
Figure 6 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 4 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5...
Figure 4 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 5 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5...
Figure 5 - Cryptococcus neoformans Strains and Infection in Apparently Immunocompetent Patients, China - Volume 14, Number 5... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Outbreak of Erythema Nodosum of Unknown Cause --- New Mexico, November 2007--January 2008
Outbreak of Erythema Nodosum of Unknown Cause --- New Mexico, November 2007--January 2008 (cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - AIDS Patient Death Caused by Novel Cryptococcus neoformans × C. gattii Hybrid - Volume 14, Number 7-July 2008 -...
Figure 1 - AIDS Patient Death Caused by Novel Cryptococcus neoformans × C. gattii Hybrid - Volume 14, Number 7-July 2008 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
AIDS Patient Death Caused by Novel Cryptococcus neoformans × C. gattii Hybrid - Volume 14, Number 7-July 2008 - Emerging...
AIDS Patient Death Caused by Novel Cryptococcus neoformans × C. gattii Hybrid - Volume 14, Number 7-July 2008 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
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Meningitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
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Chronic Sinusitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy (medscape.com)
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Pathology of Pulmonary Infectious Granulomas: Definition, Etiology, Pathology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Early HIV Therapy Doesn't Clear Cryptococcus Neoformans From CSF
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DailyMed - FLUCONAZOLE tablet FLUCONAZOLE powder, for suspension
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