AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Cryptococcus neoformansCryptococcusCryptococcosisCryptococcus gattiiMeningitis, CryptococcalAntibodies, FungalPolysaccharidesAntifungal AgentsAntigens, FungalMelaninsLung Diseases, FungalGenes, Mating Type, FungalMycological Typing TechniquesFluconazoleLaccaseVirulenceFungal ProteinsDNA, FungalMeningoencephalitisAmphotericin BGene Expression Regulation, FungalFlucytosineFungiPhagocytosisSerotypingDrug Resistance, FungalMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMycologyCandidaAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsGenes, FungalItraconazoleLysophospholipaseCandida albicansCell WallEnvironmental MicrobiologyCentral Nervous System Fungal InfectionsVirulence FactorsMice, Inbred AMycosesFungal CapsulesPheromonesMolecular Sequence DataTriazolesMice, Inbred BALB CFungal VaccinesCulture MediaColumbidaeSpores, FungalAzolesMice, Inbred CBALungColony Count, MicrobialYeastsCerebrospinal FluidHaploidyFungal PolysaccharidesSpecies SpecificityPigments, BiologicalHyphaeOpsonin ProteinsMacrophagesMeningitis, FungalOrotate PhosphoribosyltransferaseAntibodies, MonoclonalRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueEucalyptusMicrobiological TechniquesFruiting Bodies, FungalHistoplasmaBlastomycesDNA FingerprintingMacrophages, AlveolarUreaseGene DeletionSterol 14-DemethylaseDermatomycosesAcanthamoeba castellaniiTrichosporon
Cryptococcus neoformans
A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.
Cryptococcus
A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.
Cryptococcosis
Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.
Cryptococcus gattii
A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora.
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)
Antibodies, Fungal
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.
Polysaccharides
Antifungal Agents
Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
Antigens, Fungal
Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.
Melanins
Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.
Lung Diseases, Fungal
Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.
Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
Fungal genes that mostly encode TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. In some FUNGI they also encode PHEROMONES and PHEROMONE RECEPTORS. The transcription factors control expression of specific proteins that give a cell its mating identity. Opposite mating type identities are required for mating.
Mycological Typing Techniques
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
Fluconazole
Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.
Laccase
A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
Virulence
The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.
Fungal Proteins
Proteins found in any species of fungus.
DNA, Fungal
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
Meningoencephalitis
An inflammatory process involving the brain (ENCEPHALITIS) and meninges (MENINGITIS), most often produced by pathogenic organisms which invade the central nervous system, and occasionally by toxins, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions.
Amphotericin B
Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.
Flucytosine
A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Phagocytosis
The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).
Serotyping
Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.
Drug Resistance, Fungal
The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
Mycology
The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.
Candida
A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
Genes, Fungal
The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.
Itraconazole
A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.
Lysophospholipase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. EC 3.1.1.5.
Candida albicans
A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).
Cell Wall
The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.
Environmental Microbiology
The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections
MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).
Virulence Factors
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
Mice, Inbred A
Mycoses
Fungal Capsules
An extracellular layer outside the cell wall of a fungus composed of polysaccharides. It may serve a protective role amongst others.
Pheromones
Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Triazoles
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Fungal Vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Columbidae
Family in the order COLUMBIFORMES, comprised of pigeons or doves. They are BIRDS with short legs, stout bodies, small heads, and slender bills. Some sources call the smaller species doves and the larger pigeons, but the names are interchangeable.
Spores, Fungal
Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.
Azoles
Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.
Mice, Inbred CBA
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Yeasts
A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.
Haploidy
The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented once. Symbol: N.
Fungal Polysaccharides
Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Pigments, Biological
Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.
Hyphae
Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.
Opsonin Proteins
Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Meningitis, Fungal
Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.
Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase
The enzyme catalyzing the formation of orotidine-5'-phosphoric acid (orotidylic acid) from orotic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate in the course of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. EC 2.4.2.10.
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.
Eucalyptus
A genus of trees of the Myrtaceae family, native to Australia, that yields gums, oils, and resins which are used as flavoring agents, astringents, and aromatics.
Microbiological Techniques
Techniques used in microbiology.
Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
The fruiting 'heads' or 'caps' of FUNGI, which as a food item are familiarly known as MUSHROOMS, that contain the FUNGAL SPORES.
Histoplasma
A mitosporic Onygenales fungal genus causing HISTOPLASMOSIS in humans and animals. Its single species is Histoplasma capsulatum which has two varieties: H. capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. Its teleomorph is AJELLOMYCES capsulatus.
Blastomyces
A genus of onygenacetous mitosporic fungi whose perfect state is Ajellomyces (see ONYGENALES). The species Blastomyces dermatitidis (perfect state Ajellomyces dermatitidis) causes blastomycosis.
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Macrophages, Alveolar
Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells.
Urease
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urea and water to carbon dioxide and ammonia. EC 3.5.1.5.
Gene Deletion
A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.
Sterol 14-Demethylase
An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.
Acanthamoeba castellanii
A species of free-living soil amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae. It can cause ENCEPHALITIS and KERATITIS in humans.
Trichosporon
A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see TRICHOSPORONOSIS) and white PIEDRA.

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1/1887)

A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells.  (+info)

In-vivo therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine mycoses of a new formulation of deoxycholate-amphotericin B obtained by mild heating. (2/1887)

Heat-induced 'superaggregation' of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (AmB-DOC, Fungizone) was shown previously to reduce the in-vitro toxicity of this antifungal agent. We compared AmB-DOC with the formulation obtained by heating the commercial form (Fungizone, Bristol Myers Squibb, Paris, France) for 20 min at 70 degrees C, in the treatment of murine infections. An improvement of antifungal activity was obtained with heated AmB-DOC formulations due to a lower toxicity which allowed the administration of higher drug doses than those achievable with the commercial preparation. Single intravenous injections of heated AmB-DOC solutions were demonstrated to be two-fold less toxic than unheated ones to healthy mice. For mice infected with Candida albicans, the maximum tolerated dose was higher with heated than with unheated AmB-DOC solutions. In the model of murine candidiasis, following a single dose of heated AmB-DOC 0.5 mg/kg, 85% of mice survived for 3 weeks, whereas at this dose the immediate toxicity of the standard formulation in infected mice restricted the therapeutic efficacy to 25% survival. Both formulations were equally effective in increasing the survival time for murine cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Injection of heated AmB-DOC solutions at a dose two-fold higher than the maximal tolerated dose observed with the unheated preparation (1.2 mg/kg) increased the survival time by a factor of 1.4 in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. These results indicate that mild heat treatment of AmB-DOC solutions could provide a simple and economical method to improve the therapeutic index of this antifungal agent by reducing its toxicity on mammalian cells.  (+info)

Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice. (3/1887)

The virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates with high and low extracellular proteolytic activity was investigated in mice. No consistent relationship between proteolytic activity and virulence was observed, but isolates derived from one strain were shown to elicit different inflammatory responses.  (+info)

Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Spain. (4/1887)

We determined biovars and serotypes of 154 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from clinical and environmental sources from different areas of Spain. All clinical isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans. Serotypes showed an irregular distribution. C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B was isolated from necropsy specimens from goats with pulmonary disease.  (+info)

Cryptococcus neoformans differential gene expression detected in vitro and in vivo with green fluorescent protein. (5/1887)

Synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a reporter to detect differential gene expression in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Promoters from the C. neoformans actin, GAL7, or mating-type alpha pheromone (MFalpha1) genes were fused to GFP, and the resulting reporter genes were used to assess gene expression in serotype A C. neoformans. Yeast cells containing an integrated pACT::GFP construct demonstrated that the actin promoter was expressed during vegetative growth on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose medium. In contrast, yeast cells containing the inducible GAL7::GFP or MFalpha1::GFP reporter genes expressed significant GFP activity only during growth on galactose medium or V-8 agar, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the GAL7 and MFalpha1 promoters from a serotype D C. neoformans strain function when introduced into a serotype A strain. Because the MFalpha1 promoter is induced by nutrient deprivation and the MATalpha locus containing the MFalpha1 gene has been linked with virulence, yeast cells containing the pMFalpha1::GFP reporter gene were analyzed for GFP expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of immunosuppressed rabbits. In fact, significant GFP expression from the MFalpha1::GFP reporter gene was detected after the first week of a CNS infection. These findings suggest that there are temporal, host-specific cues that regulate gene expression during infection and that the MFalpha1 gene is induced during the proliferative stage of a CNS infection. In conclusion, GFP can be used as an effective and sensitive reporter to monitor specific C. neoformans gene expression in vitro, and GFP reporter constructs can be used as an approach to identify a novel gene(s) or to characterize known genes whose expression is regulated during infection.  (+info)

Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a major target of the antibody response in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (6/1887)

Cryptococcus neoformans causes infection in individuals with defective T cell function, such as AIDS, as well as without underlying disease. It has been suggested that humoral as well as cellular immunity might play an important role in the immune response to C. neoformans infection. We have recently shown, using immunoblotting, that the 70-kD hsp family of C. neoformans was the major target molecule of the humoral response in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis. In this study we also used immunoblotting to define the antibody responses in the sera of 24 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis: 21 proven and three suspected diagnoses. Anti-C. neoformans hsp70 antibody was detected in 16 of 24 (66.7%) patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Fourteen of 17 (82.3%) patients with high antigen titres (> or = 1:8) and two of seven (28.6%) patients with low titres (< or = 1:4) had detectable levels of anti-hsp70 antibody. Sera from patients positive for anti-hsp70 antibody showed high titres in the Eiken latex agglutination test for the detection of serum cryptococcal antigen. Our results indicate that the 70-kD hsp family from C. neoformans appears to be a major target molecule of the humoral response, not only in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis, but also in human patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis.  (+info)

Role of the C-C chemokine, TCA3, in the protective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response. (7/1887)

Activated T lymphocytes play a crucial role in orchestrating cellular infiltration during a cell-mediated immune (CMI) reaction. TCA3, a C-C chemokine, is produced by Ag-activated T cells and is chemotactic for neutrophils and macrophages, two cell types in a murine CMI reaction. Using a gelatin sponge model for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), we show that TCA3 is a component of the expression phase of an anticryptococcal CMI response in mice. TCA3 mRNA levels are augmented in anticryptococcal DTH reactions at the same time peak influxes of neutrophils and lymphocytes are observed. Neutralization of TCA3 in immunized mice results in reduced numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes at DTH reaction sites. However, when rTCA3 is injected into sponges in naive mice, only neutrophils are attracted into the sponges, indicating TCA3 is chemotactic for neutrophils, but not lymphocytes. We show that TCA3 is indirectly attracting lymphocytes into DTH-reactive sponges by affecting at least one other chemokine that is chemotactic for lymphocytes. Of the two lymphocyte-attracting chemokines assessed, monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), only MIP-1alpha was reduced when TCA3 was neutralized, indicating that TCA3 affects the levels of MIP-1alpha, which attracts lymphocytes into the sponges. TCA3 also plays a role in protection against Cryptococcus neoformans in the lungs and brains of infected mice, as evidenced by the fact that neutralization of TCA3 results in increased C. neoformans CFU in those two organs.  (+info)

Antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins in rodents and humans. (8/1887)

The prevalence and specificity of serum antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins was studied in mice and rats with experimental infection, in individuals with or without a history of potential laboratory exposure to C. neoformans, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who developed cryptococcosis, in matched samples from HIV-positive individuals who did not develop cryptococcosis, and in HIV-negative individuals. Rodents had little or no serum antibody reactive with C. neoformans proteins prior to infection. The intensity and specificity of the rodent antibody response were dependent on the species, the mouse strain, and the viability of the inoculum. All humans had serum antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins regardless of the potential exposure, the HIV infection status, or the subsequent development of cryptococcosis. Our results indicate (i) a high prevalence of antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins in the sera of rodents after cryptococcal infection and in humans with or without HIV infection; (ii) qualitative and quantitative differences in the antibody profiles of HIV-positive individuals; and (iii) similarities and differences between humans, mice, and rats with respect to the specificity of the antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins. The results are consistent with the view that C. neoformans infections are common in human populations, and the results have implications for the development of vaccination strategies against cryptococcosis.  (+info)

Monoclonal antibodies can affect complement deposition on the capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans by both...Monoclonal antibodies can affect complement deposition on the capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans by both...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Monoclonal antibodies can affect complement deposition on the capsule of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans by both classical pathway activation and steric hindrance. AU - Zaragoza, Oscar. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2006/12. Y1 - 2006/12. N2 - The capsule of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans presents the immune system with a formidable problem for phagocytosis. Capsule-mediated activation of the alternative complement (C) pathway results in component 3 (particularly, C3) binding to the capsule near the cell wall surface. Hence, for cells with large capsule, C3 cannot interact with the complement receptor (CR) and is not opsonic. However, C activation in either immune serum or in the presence of monoclonal antibody (mAb) to capsular polysaccharide localizes C3 to the capsular edge. When C.neoformans cells were coated with both C and antibody (Ab) opsonins, Ab bound first and ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/monoclonal-antibodies-can-affect-complement-deposition-on-the-cap-3
Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans | Microbiology SocietyHybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans | Microbiology Society
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping of isolates of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans suggested a considerable genetic divergence between the varieties C. neoformans var. neoformans and C. neoformans var. grubii on the one hand versus C. neoformans var. gattii on the other. This divergence is supported by additional phenotypic, biochemical, clinical and molecular differences. Therefore, the authors propose the existence of two species, C. neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin and C. bacillisporus Kwon-Chung, which differ in geographical distribution, serotypes and ecological origin. Within each species three AFLP genotypes occur, which differ in geographical distribution and serotypes. Differences in ecological origin (AIDS patients, non-AIDS patients, animals or the environment) were found to be statistically not significant. In C. neoformans as well as in C. bacillisporus one of the genotypes represented a hybrid. The occurrence of hybridization has consequences for the
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-147-4-891
The Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Escapes Macrophages by a Phagosome Emptying Mechanism That Is Inhibited by...The Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Escapes Macrophages by a Phagosome Emptying Mechanism That Is Inhibited by...
The lysis of infected cells by disease-causing microorganisms is an efficient but risky strategy for disseminated infection, as it exposes the pathogen to the full repertoire of the hosts immune system. Cryptococcus neoformans is a widespread fungal pathogen that causes a fatal meningitis in HIV and other immunocompromised patients. Following intracellular growth, cryptococci are able to escape their host cells by a non-lytic expulsive mechanism that may contribute to the invasion of the central nervous system. Non-lytic escape is also exhibited by some bacterial pathogens and is likely to facilitate long-term avoidance of the host immune system during latency. Here we show that phagosomes containing intracellular cryptococci undergo repeated cycles of actin polymerisation. These actin flashes occur in both murine and human macrophages and are dependent on classical WASP-Arp2/3 complex mediated actin filament nucleation. Three dimensional confocal imaging time lapse revealed that such flashes ...
http://eprints.bham.ac.uk/893/
Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule<...Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. AU - Maxson, Michelle E.. AU - Dadachova, Ekaterina. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. AU - Zaragoza, Oscar. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2007/1. Y1 - 2007/1. N2 - Exposure of Cryptococcus neoformans cells to gamma radiation results in a gradual release of capsnlar polysaccharide, in a dose-dependent manner. This method allows the systematic exploration of different capsular regions. Using this methodology, capsule density was determined to change according to the radial distribution of glacuronoxylomaman and total polysaccharide, becoming denser at the inner regions of the capsule. Scanning electron microscopy of cells following gamma radiation treatment confirmed this finding. The zeta potential of the capsule also increased as the capsule size decreased. However, neither charge nor density differences were correlated with any change in sugar ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/radial-mass-density-charge-and-epitope-distribution-in-the-crypto-2
Quimiotipagem do Cryptococcus neoformans. Revisão da literatura. Novos dados epidemiológicos sobre a criptococose. Nossa...Quimiotipagem do Cryptococcus neoformans. Revisão da literatura. Novos dados epidemiológicos sobre a criptococose. Nossa...
MELO, Natalina Takahashi de et al. Biotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. Review of the literature. New epidemiologic informations about cryptococcosis. Our experience with the utilization of C.G.B medium in this yeast. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo [online]. 1993, vol.35, n.5, pp.469-478. ISSN 1678-9946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46651993000500015.. The purpose of this work was to collect the main information from the literature about the biotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. The more up-to date research concerning the epidemiology of cryptococcosis comprising quite a few articles, mainly after the advent of AIDS, was also reviewed. The Cryptococcus neoformans varieties neoformans and gattii are well defined biochemically nowadays chiefly through the C.G.B. medium, according to KWON-CHUNG et al. (1982)24. The isolation of C. neoformans var. gattii from flowers and leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus tereticornis, specially in Australia, through the works of ELLIS & PFEIFFER ...
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0036-46651993000500015&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe...First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe...
TY - JOUR. T1 - First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe pulmonary disease in Spain. AU - Baró, Teresa. AU - Torres-Rodríguez, Josep M.. AU - De Mendoza, Miguel Hermoso. AU - Morera, Yolanda. AU - Alía, Concepción. PY - 1998/2/1. Y1 - 1998/2/1. N2 - Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii is associated with Eucalyptus trees growing in various tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The identification of 13 autochthonous strains of C. neoformans var. gattii in Spain is reported. These strains were isolated from lung (10 samples), liver (1 sample), and brain (2 samples) tissue specimens from six goats suffering from predominantly severe pulmonary disease that were autopsied. The animals were members of five different herds of goats grazing in rural areas of the province of Caceres (Extremadura, Spain). Between 1990 and 1994, there were five outbreaks, in which between 2.5 and 12% of the goats were affected. ...
https://portalrecerca.uab.cat/en/publications/first-identification-of-autochthonous-cryptococcus-neoformans-var
Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum<...Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cryptococcus neoformans virulence is enhanced after growth in the genetically malleable host Dictyostelium discoideum. AU - Steenbergen, Judith N.. AU - Nosanchuk, Joshua D.. AU - Malliaris, Stephanie D.. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2003/9/1. Y1 - 2003/9/1. N2 - Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, environmental fungus that can cause life-threatening meningitis. Pathogenicity of C. neoformans for macrophages and vertebrate hosts may be a mechanism selected in evolution for protection against environmental predators. In this study, we investigated whether Dictyostelium discoideum could serve as an alternate host for C. neoformans. D. discoideum has a defined genetic system which provides significant advantages for the study of fungus-amoeba interactions. Our results show that D. discoideum is susceptible to infection with C. neoformans and that the interactions are similar to those described previously ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cryptococcus-neoformans-virulence-is-enhanced-after-growth-in-the-2
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Franzot et al. ATCC ® 208821DCryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Franzot et al. ATCC ® 208821D
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii ATCC ® 208821D-2™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii strain H99JP [ATCC ® 208821™] Application:
https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Fungi_and_Yeast/Fungal_and_Yeast_Genomic_DNA/208821D-2.aspx
Molecular typing of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D clinical isolates • Research - Institut PasteurMolecular typing of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D clinical isolates • Research - Institut Pasteur
Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is responsible for the majority of cryptococcal infections in AIDS patients. In France, approximately 17% of the patients
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/molecular-typing-of-cryptococcus-neoformans-serotype-d-clinical-isolates/
Antibody-mediated immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans promotes biofilm formation<...Antibody-mediated immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans promotes biofilm formation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Antibody-mediated immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans promotes biofilm formation. AU - Robertson, Emma J.. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/4. Y1 - 2009/4. N2 - Most microbes, including the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, can grow as biofilms. Biofilms confer upon microbes a range of characteristics, including an ability to colonize materials such as shunts and catheters and increased resistance to antibiotics. Here, we provide evidence that coating surfaces with a monoclonal antibody to glucuronoxylomannan, the major component of the fungal capsular polysaccharide, immobilizes cryptococcal cells to a surface support and, subsequently, promotes biofilm formation. We used time-lapse microscopy to visualize the growth of cryptococcal biofilms, generating the first movies of fungal biofilm growth. We show that when fungal cells are immobilized using surface-attached specific antibody to the capsule, ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/antibody-mediated-immobilization-of-cryptococcus-neoformans-promo-4
RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | GeneticsRNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | Genetics
Strains and cell growth: C. neoformans was grown with continuous shaking at 30° in YPD medium [1% (w/v) Bacto yeast extract; 2% (w/v) peptone, 2% dextrose] or minimal medium lacking uracil (Ausubelet al. 2001). Low adenine plates contained yeast nitrogen base supplemented with (per liter) 20 g glucose; 24 mg uracil; 40 mg each arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, and tryrosine; 60 mg phenylalanine and tryptophan; 120 mg homoserine; 180 mg valine; and 10 mg adenine. For experiments using 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), plates contained the same medium with adenine raised to 40 mg/liter and the addition of 1 g/liter 5-FOA. Wild-type serotype D strain B4500 and cap59 strain TYCC33 (Chang and Kwon-Chung 1994) were from Dr. June Kwon-Chung (National Institutes of Health), and ura5 strain JEC43 (Wickeset al. 1997) was from Dr. Joseph Heitman (Duke University Medical Center). JEC43 cells transformed with a control plasmid alone (CIP-GUST.Cla.Kpn; see below) are designated ...
http://www.genetics.org/content/160/2/463
Aspects of antigen mimicry revealed by immunization with a peptide mimetic of Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide. -...Aspects of antigen mimicry revealed by immunization with a peptide mimetic of Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide. -...
We have recently identified peptide mimetics of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide by screening phage display peptide libraries. 2H1, one of a large family of mAbs against the glucuronoxylomannan fraction (GXM), is highly protective and binds several peptide motifs. This study analyzes the immunologic properties of P601E (SYSWMYE), a peptide from the low affinity motif (W/YXWM/LYE) that has an extended cross-reactivity among anti-GXM mAbs and whose binding correlates with the protective potential of mAbs in experimental infection. P601E is a mimetic, since it competes for GXM binding to 2H1, but not a mimotope, since it does not elicit an anti-GXM response. Sequence analysis of 14 anti-P601E mAbs indicates that anti-P601E mAbs elicited in BALB/c mice have an order of homology with 2H1 of V kappa | J kappa || V(H) | J(H) | D. Further screening of a peptide library with anti-P601E mAbs isolated peptides having a motif almost identical to the peptide motif selected by 2H1. When these
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Aspects-of-antigen-mimicry-revealed-by-immunizatio-Valadon-Nussbaum/3487751707ef806766994eac655cec4d1181e7be
Isolation of the Third Capsule-Associated Gene,CAP60, Required for Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and ImmunityIsolation of the Third Capsule-Associated Gene,CAP60, Required for Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and Immunity
A polysaccharide capsule is one of the most important virulence factors for the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. We previously characterized two capsule-associated genes,CAP59 and CAP64. To further dissect the molecular mechanism of capsule synthesis, 16 acapsular mutants induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide were obtained. The acapsular phenotype of one of these mutants was complemented. The cloned gene was designatedCAP60, and deletion of this newly described capsule-associated gene resulted in an acapsular phenotype. The proposed 67-kDa Cap60p contains 592 amino acids and appears to have a putative transmembrane domain close to the N terminus. DNA sequence analysis revealed that CAP60 has similarity toCAP59 at the center portion of its coding regions. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field blot analysis suggested that these two genes are on the same chromosome. CAP60 andCAP59, however, could not be functionally substituted for each other by direct complementation or by domain swap ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/66/5/2230.abstract
Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease<...Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease. AU - Vu, Kiem. AU - Tham, Rick. AU - Uhrig, John P.. AU - Thompson, George R.. AU - Na Pombejra, Sarisa. AU - Jamklang, Mantana. AU - Bautos, Jennifer M.. AU - Gelli, Angie. PY - 2014/6/3. Y1 - 2014/6/3. N2 - Cryptococcus spp. cause life-threatening fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS), predominantly in patients with a compromised immune system. Why Cryptococcus neoformans has this remarkable tropism for the CNS is not clear. Recent research on cerebral pathogenesis of C. neoformans revealed a predominantly transcellular migration of cryptococci across the brain endothelium; however, the identities of key fungal virulence factors that function specifically to invade the CNS remain unresolved. Here we found that a novel, secreted metalloprotease (Mpr1) that we identified in the extracellular proteome of C. neoformans (CnMpr1) is required for establishing ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/invasion-of-the-central-nervous-system-by-cryptococcus-neoformans
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Is Confined to Few Microsatellite GenotypesResistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Is Confined to Few Microsatellite Genotypes
Background Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that causes cryptococcosis, a life threatening disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis in Asia has been rising after the onset of the AIDS epidemic and estimates indicate more than 120 cases per 1,000 HIV-infected individuals per year. Almost all cryptococcal disease cases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in Asia are caused by C. neoformans var. grubii. Epidemiological studies on C. neoformans in pan-Asia have not been reported. The present work studies the genetic diversity of the fungus by microsatellite typing and susceptibility analysis of approximately 500 isolates from seven Asian countries. Methodology/Principal Findings Genetic diversity of Asian isolates of C. neoformans was determined using microsatellite analysis with nine microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed eight microsatellite complexes (MCs) which showed different distributions among geographically defined populations. A correlation between MCs and
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032868
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Controls Virulence of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans | Molecular and Cellular...Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Controls Virulence of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans | Molecular and Cellular...
Our studies define the elements of a signal transduction cascade that controls the production of virulence factors and pathogenicity ofC. neoformans. The Pka1 catalytic subunit of PKA regulates mating, melanin and capsule production, and virulence. The Pkr1 regulatory subunit of PKA is also a critical component, and mutants lacking Pkr1 overproduced capsule and were hypervirulent by several measures in two different animal models. pkr1 mutant cells also produced dramatically enlarged capsules during infection, and both the larger capsule size and the increased release of immunosuppressive capsular polysaccharides likely contribute to enhanced virulence.. Epistasis analysis further supports the conclusion that the Gα protein Gpa1 is an upstream controlling element for this signaling pathway and that the Ste12α transcription factor may represent one of several downstream targets of PKA that regulate differentiation and virulence. One interesting finding is that mutants with defects in an ...
https://mcb.asm.org/content/21/9/3179?ijkey=fd2a22fda6ee68eba825d2168b1ca45d55ce50e0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Antibody Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide Glucuronoxylomannan in Patients after Solid-Organ...Antibody Response to Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide Glucuronoxylomannan in Patients after Solid-Organ...
Thank you for sharing this Clinical and Vaccine Immunology article.. NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.. ...
https://cvi.asm.org/content/13/7/740/article-info
Table 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Organ Transplant Recipients: Variables Influencing Clinical Characteristics and...Table 3 - Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Organ Transplant Recipients: Variables Influencing Clinical Characteristics and...
Unique clinical characteristics and other variables influencing the outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients have not been well defined. From a review of published reports, we found that C. neoformans infection was documented in 2.8% of organ transplant recipients (overall death rate 42%). The type of primary immunosuppressive agent used in transplantation influenced the predominant clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis. Patients receiving tacrolimus were significantly less likely to have central nervous system involvement (78% versus 11%, p =0.001) and more likely to have skin, soft-tissue, and osteoarticular involvement (66% versus 21%, p = 0.006) than patients receiving nontacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Renal failure at admission was the only independently significant predictor of death in these patients (odds ratio 16.4, 95% CI 1.9 - 143, p = 0.004). Hypotheses based on these data may elucidate the pathogenesis and may ultimately guide the management of C.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/7/3/01-7302-t3
Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...
Innate immunity plays an important role for fungal recognition and initiation of fungicidal activity. We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. To test this hypothesis, we propose to analyze the allelic frequencies of 15 different genes (mannose binding lectin, Fc-gamma receptor IIa and IIb, Fc-gamma receptors IIIa and IIIb, myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, interleukin 1A and 1B, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-10, NRAMP-1, chitotriosidase, and chemokine receptor 5) and their intragenic polymorphic forms and to compare this data to the incidence and severity of C neoformans infection. With this study we hope to identify a group of molecules of innate immunity which influence the risk and severity of invasive C neoformans infection ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001701?order=242
Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...Evaluation of the Association of Polymorphisms in the Innate Immune System With the Risk for Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection...
Innate immunity plays an important role for fungal recognition and initiation of fungicidal activity. We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. To test this hypothesis, we propose to analyze the allelic frequencies of 15 different genes (mannose binding lectin, Fc-gamma receptor IIa and IIb, Fc-gamma receptors IIIa and IIIb, myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, interleukin 1A and 1B, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-10, NRAMP-1, chitotriosidase, and chemokine receptor 5) and their intragenic polymorphic forms and to compare this data to the incidence and severity of C neoformans infection. With this study we hope to identify a group of molecules of innate immunity which influence the risk and severity of invasive C neoformans infection ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001701?order=24
Sre1p, a regulator of oxygen sensing and sterol homeostasis, is required for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans<...Sre1p, a regulator of oxygen sensing and sterol homeostasis, is required for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sre1p, a regulator of oxygen sensing and sterol homeostasis, is required for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Chang, Yun C.. AU - Bien, Clara M.. AU - Lee, Hyeseung. AU - Espenshade, Peter J.. AU - Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.. PY - 2007/5/1. Y1 - 2007/5/1. N2 - Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis, but the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low-oxygen environment in the brain have not been investigated. We found that SRE1, a homologue of the mammalian sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), functions in an oxygen-sensing pathway. Low oxygen decreased sterol synthesis in C. neoformans and triggered activation of membrane-bound Sre1p by the cleavage-activating protein, Scp1p. Microarray and Northern blot analysis demonstrated that under low oxygen, Sre1p activates genes required for ergosterol ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/sre1p-a-regulator-of-oxygen-sensing-and-sterol-homeostasis-is-req
Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and alpha isolatesSexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and alpha isolates
Cryptococcus neoformans is a human-pathogenic fungus that has evolved into three distinct varieties that infect most prominently the central nervous system. A sexual cycle involving haploid cells of a and alpha mating types has been reported for two varieties (C. neoformans var. neoformans, serotype …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933823/?dopt=Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans - WikipediaCryptococcus neoformans - Wikipedia
Infection wif C. neoformans is termed cryptococcosis. Most infections wif C. neoformans occur in de wungs.[12] However, fungaw meningitis and encephawitis, especiawwy as a secondary infection for AIDS patients, are often caused by C. neoformans, making it a particuwarwy dangerous fungus. Infections wif dis fungus are rare in dose wif fuwwy functioning immune systems.[13] So, C. neoformans is sometimes referred to as an opportunistic fungus.[13] It is a facuwtative intracewwuwar padogen[14] dat can utiwize host phagocytes to spread widin de body.[15][16] Cryptococcus neoformans was de first intracewwuwar padogen for which de non-wytic escape process termed vomocytosis was observed.[17][18] It has been specuwated dat dis abiwity to manipuwate host cewws resuwts from environmentaw sewective pressure by amoebae, a hypodesis first proposed by Arturo Casadevaww under de term accidentaw viruwence.[19]. In human infection, C. neoformans is spread by inhawation of aerosowized basidiospores, and can ...
http://wikien4.appspot.com/wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans
KEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501AKEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A
Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Tremellomycetes; Tremellales; Cryptococcaceae; Cryptococcus; Cryptococcus neoformans species ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?gn:T01040
Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein Summary Report | CureHunterCryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein Summary Report | CureHunter
Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein: involved in capsule formation which is essential for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank L26508
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC087781-Cryptococcus-neoformans-CAP59-protein.do
JCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longerJCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longer
Antibody-mediated defense against pathogens typically requires complex interactions between antibodies and other constituents of the humoral and cellular immune systems. However, recent evidence indicates that some antibodies alone can inhibit pathogen function in the absence of complement, phagocytes, or NK cells. In this issue of the JCI, McClelland et al. have begun to elucidate the molecular bases by which antibodies alone can impact pathogen growth and metabolism. They show that mAbs specific for the polysaccharide capsule of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elicit diverse effects on fungal gene expression, lipid biosynthesis, susceptibility to amphotericin B, cellular metabolism, and protein phosphorylation. These data suggest that pathogens have the capacity to generate broad metabolic responses as a result of surface binding by pathogen-specific antibodies, effects that may hold therapeutic promise. ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/42695/pdf
JCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longerJCI - Pathogen-specific antibodies: codependent no longer
Antibody-mediated defense against pathogens typically requires complex interactions between antibodies and other constituents of the humoral and cellular immune systems. However, recent evidence indicates that some antibodies alone can inhibit pathogen function in the absence of complement, phagocytes, or NK cells. In this issue of the JCI, McClelland et al. have begun to elucidate the molecular bases by which antibodies alone can impact pathogen growth and metabolism. They show that mAbs specific for the polysaccharide capsule of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elicit diverse effects on fungal gene expression, lipid biosynthesis, susceptibility to amphotericin B, cellular metabolism, and protein phosphorylation. These data suggest that pathogens have the capacity to generate broad metabolic responses as a result of surface binding by pathogen-specific antibodies, effects that may hold therapeutic promise. ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/42695/figure/1
Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans<...Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Swinne, D. PY - 1981. Y1 - 1981. KW - B780-tropical-medicine. KW - Mycology. KW - Cryptococcus neoformans. KW - Laboratory. KW - Serotypes. M3 - Chapter. SP - 233. EP - 242. BT - Sexuality and pathogenicity of fungi. A2 - Vanbreuseghem, R. A2 - De Vroey, C. PB - Masson. CY - Paris. ER - ...
https://research.itg.be/en/publications/serotypes-of-cryptococcus-neoformans
More information about the natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans<...More information about the natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - More information about the natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Swinne, D. AU - Bauwens, L. AU - Desmet, P. N1 - This item is not available in the ITG Library. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. KW - B780-tropical-medicine. KW - Mycology. KW - Cryptococcus neoformans. KW - Natural history. M3 - A2: International peer reviewed article (not A1-type). VL - 60. SP - 4. JO - ISHAM Mycoses Newsletter. JF - ISHAM Mycoses Newsletter. ER - ...
https://research.itg.be/en/publications/more-information-about-the-natural-habitat-of-cryptococcus-neofor
Systematic functional profiling of transcription factor networks in Cryptococcus neoformans • Research - Institut PasteurSystematic functional profiling of transcription factor networks in Cryptococcus neoformans • Research - Institut Pasteur
Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans, but its overall biological and pathogenic regulatory circuits remain elusive,
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/systematic-functional-profiling-of-transcription-factor-networks-in-cryptococcus-neoformans/
Major Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice | Infection and ImmunityMajor Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice | Infection and Immunity
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are unique in their general importance for conferring susceptibility or resistance to infectious and autoimmune diseases (5). It is unclear what keeps these demonstrably harmful genes from being eliminated by natural selection unless they provide some advantage, presumably against some other disease. The only way to unravel these interactions is to characterize the effects of MHC genes on a variety of pathogens and autoimmune diseases. The goal of this study was to experimentally test for an MHC-dependent susceptibility pattern during chronic Cryptococcus neoformans infections.. C. neoformans is a common, opportunistic pathogen that causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. Previous studies have found that various components of immunity are important in clearing a C. neoformans infection. These components include interleukin-12 (11), interleukin-18 (17), inducible nitric oxide synthase (2), gamma interferon (16), B cells (3), and T cells (7). ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/71/8/4815?ijkey=0a22301f4707d5e6046a656e48052a39a3c37796&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
The role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310) | The Journal of ImmunologyThe role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310) | The Journal of Immunology
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen in individuals with impaired T cell-mediated immunity. Notch pathway is an important signaling component of immunological synapse during APC/T-cell engagement. Little is known about the role of Notch signaling in fungal infections. We sought to determine the role of Notch signaling in C. neoformans infection. Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and CD4-Cre+×ROSA DNMAML (DNMAML) mice were infected intratracheally infected with C. neoformans. The fungal burden, leukocyte recruitment, and cytokine profile were assessed at 3 and 6 weeks post-infection (wpi). A 50-fold greater fungal burden was detected in both lungs and brains of DNMAML mice compared to those in the WT mice at 6 wpi. Although, equivalent fungal burdens were found at 3 wpi in WT and DNMAML groups, the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 was significantly decreased in lung leukocytes of DNMAML mice. In contrast, an equivalent induction of IL-17 was observed in both ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/190/1_Supplement/134.8
Frontiers | TNF-α-Producing Cryptococcus neoformans Exerts Protective Effects on Host Defenses in Murine Pulmonary...Frontiers | TNF-α-Producing Cryptococcus neoformans Exerts Protective Effects on Host Defenses in Murine Pulmonary...
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a critical role in the control of cryptococcal infection, and its insufficiency promotes cryptococcal persistence. To explore the therapeutic potential of TNF-α supplementation as a booster of host anti-cryptococcal responses, we engineered a C. neoformans strain expressing murine TNF-α. Using a murine model of pulmonary cryptococcosis, we demonstrated that TNF-α-producing C. neoformans strain enhances protective elements of host response including preferential T-cell accumulation and improved Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, diminished pulmonary eosinophilia and alternative activation of lung macrophages at the adaptive phase of infection compared to wild type strain-infected mice. Furthermore, TNF-α expression by C. neoformans enhanced the fungicidal activity of macrophages in vitro. Finally, mice infected with the TNF-α-producing C. neoformans strain showed improved fungal control and considerably prolonged survival compared to wild type strain-infected mice,
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01725/full
GSE17686 - Transcriptomic analysis comparing the spontaneous acapsular strain AL1114 to the parent capsulated strain AL1115 -...GSE17686 - Transcriptomic analysis comparing the spontaneous acapsular strain AL1114 to the parent capsulated strain AL1115 -...
P. multocida is the causative agent of a wide range of diseases of animals, including fowl cholera in birds. Fowl cholera isolates of P. multocida generally express a capsular polysaccharide composed of hyaluronic acid. There have been reports of spontaneous capsule loss in P. multocida fowl cholera-causing strains but the mechanism by which this occurs has not been determined. In this study, we identified three independent strains that had spontaneously lost the ability to produce capsular polysaccharide. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that these strains had significantly reduced transcription of the capsule biosynthetic genes, but DNA sequence analysis identified no mutations within the cap biosynthetic locus. However, whole genome sequencing of paired capsulated and acapsular strains identified a single nucleotide polymorphism within fis that was present only in the acapsular strain. Sequencing of fis from two independently derived spontaneous acapsular strains showed that each contained a mutation
https://www.omicsdi.org/dataset/geo/GSE17686
Role of dectin-1 in the host defense to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (44.17) | The Journal of ImmunologyRole of dectin-1 in the host defense to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (44.17) | The Journal of Immunology
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLR) and C-type lectin recptors including Dectin-1. Previously, we indicated that neither TLR2 nor TLR4 was involved in the host defence to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen in AIDS patients (FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 47: 148-154, 2006). In the current study, we examined the role of Dectin-1, a receptor for β-glucan, in this response. Dectin-1-deficient mice were resistant to intratracheal and intravenous infection with C. neoformans at a comparable level to wild-type mice. IFN-γ production in lung an serum was not largely different between these mice. There was not significant difference in the synthesis of IL-12p40 and TNF-α by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells upon stimulation with this fungal pathogen. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Dectin-1 did not play a major role in the host protective responses to C. neoformans infection.. This work was ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/1_Supplement/S51.2
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBICryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11346263?dopt=Abstract
reagents-molecular-assay-infection-fungiyeast-cryptococcus-neoformansreagents-molecular-assay-infection-fungiyeast-cryptococcus-neoformans
Definition : Molecular assay reagents intended to identify Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-like species of imperfect fungi of the family Cryptococcaceae, by detecting specific nucleic-acid information (e.g., DNA, RNA) of the target microorganism. These fungi may cause cryptococcosis, a mycotic infection of the brain and meninges, which may also involve other organs such as the skin and lungs. The disease may progress by invading the central nervous system, lungs, liver, and spleen of immunocompromised patients.. Entry Terms : Cryptococcus Species Detection/Identification Reagents , Cryptococcus neoformans Reagents, Identification , Cryptococcus neoformans Detection/Identification Reagents , Reagents, Cryptococcus neoformans , Reagents, Molecular Assay, Infection, Fungi/Yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans. UMDC code : 19595 ...
http://productguide.optometricmanagement.com/term/5354/reagents-molecular-assay-infection-fungiyeast-cryptococcus-neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans senses CO2 through the carbonic anhydrase Can2 and the adenylyl cyclase Cac1. - Kent Academic...Cryptococcus neoformans senses CO2 through the carbonic anhydrase Can2 and the adenylyl cyclase Cac1. - Kent Academic...
Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen of humans, causes fatal meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Its virulence is mainly determined by the elaboration of a polysaccharide capsule surrounding its cell wall. During its life, C. neoformans is confronted with and responds to dramatic variations in CO2 concentrations; one important morphological change triggered by the shift from its natural habitat (0.033% CO2) to infected hosts (5% CO2) is the induction of capsule biosynthesis. In cells, CO2 is hydrated to bicarbonate in a spontaneous reaction that is accelerated by carbonic anhydrases. Here we show that C. neoformans contains two beta-class carbonic anhydrases, Can1 and Can2. We further demonstrate that CAN2, but not CAN1, is abundantly expressed and essential for the growth of C. neoformans in its natural environment, where CO2 concentrations are limiting. Structural studies reveal that Can2 forms a homodimer in solution. Our data reveal Can2 to be the main carbonic anhydrase and ...
https://kar.kent.ac.uk/51/
Evidence of Sexual Recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Isolates in Sub-Saharan Africa | Eukaryotic CellEvidence of Sexual Recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Isolates in Sub-Saharan Africa | Eukaryotic Cell
The population structure of a sample of clinical isolates of C. neoformans serotype A from AIDS patients in Botswana was determined, and the results support hypotheses for both clonal expansion and recombination in this population. Clonal reproduction was previously recognized in C. neoformans, as strains with identical genotypes were isolated from the environment and infected humans (5, 7, 16). The overrepresentation in the population of certain genotypes is a common feature of clonal structure (44). In the sample analyzed here, five genotypes comprised 45% of the total number of isolates (Fig. 4). Another indication of clonality is the calculation of considerable linkage disequilibrium (or nonrandom association) among the loci in the population. The IA and the rd are calculated estimates of linkage disequilibrium (or nonrandom association) among the loci; if there is no association between the loci, these values approach zero, whereas these values are much higher in clonal populations. When ...
https://ec.asm.org/content/2/6/1162?ijkey=e8fd9728bf37bb2ca4af95bcf6678403300c23cc&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Increasing in vitro resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Cambodian isolates: April 2000 to March 2002 : Journal...Increasing in vitro resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Cambodian isolates: April 2000 to March 2002 : Journal...
Objectives: Cryptococcal meningitis is the third-most-common opportunistic infection in HIV patients in Cambodia. Hospitalized patients were given amphotericin B for initial therapy followed by fluconazole for maintenance therapy. The antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined.. Methods: Isolates of C. neoformans were collected during active laboratory-based surveillance, the first batch from April 2000 to March 2001 (134 new cases), the second batch from April 2001 to March 2002 (268 new cases). Etest strips were used to determine the MICs of amphotericin B and fluconazole. The antigenic agglutination slide test was used for serotyping.. Results: The MIC50s and MIC90s of fluconazole changed significantly from year 2000 to 2002; the MIC50s increased from 4 to 12 mg/L, and the MIC90s from 12 to 96 mg/L. For amphotericin B, the MIC50s and MIC90s remained stable. Moreover, in the second batch, fluconazole MICs were ≥256 mg/L ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/jac/dkh361
A high-throughput screening assay for fungicidal compounds against Cryptococcus neoformans.A high-throughput screening assay for fungicidal compounds against Cryptococcus neoformans.
Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that causes meningitis worldwide, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Although amphotericin B is the gold standard treatment for cryptococcal meningitis, the toxicity and inconvenience of intravenous injection emphasize a need for development of new anticryptocccal drugs. Recent data from humans and animal studies suggested that a nutrient-deprived host environment may exist in cryptococcal meningitis. Thus, a screening assay for identifying fungicidal compounds under nutrient-deprived conditions may provide an alternative strategy to develop new anticryptococcal drugs for this disease. A high-throughput fungicidal assay was developed using a profluorescent dye, alamarBlue, to detect residual metabolic activity of C. neoformans under nutrient-limiting conditions. Screening the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) with this assay identified a potential chemical scaffold, 10058-F4, that exhibited ...
https://publications.ncats.nih.gov/publications/23896686
Pheromones and Titan Cell Production in Cryptococcus neoformans - Kirsten NielsenPheromones and Titan Cell Production in Cryptococcus neoformans - Kirsten Nielsen
Pheromones and pheromone receptors have long been known to affect virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, yet it is still entirely uncl...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-AI080275-04
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Aritreyee Datta*, Vikas Yadav*, ............, Kaustuv Sanyal, Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy and Anirban Bhunia, Mode of Action of a Designed Antimicrobial Peptide: High Efficiency in Killing of the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, Biophysical Journal 111, 1724 - 1737 (2016 ...
http://www.jncasr.ac.in/cpmupub.php?&dept_id=MBGU&yeartype=2016&empid=&pubtype=
G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans<...G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Xue, Chaoyang. AU - Bahn, Yong Sun. AU - Cox, Gary M.. AU - Heitman, Joseph. PY - 2006/2/1. Y1 - 2006/2/1. N2 - The Gα protein Gpa1 governs the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and plays a central role in virulence and differentiation in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, but the signals and receptors that trigger this pathway were unknown. We identified seven putative proteins that share identity with known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). One protein, Gpr4, shares limited sequence identity with the Dictyostelium discoideum cAMP receptor cAR1 and the Aspergillus nidulans GPCR protein GprH and also shares structural similarity with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae receptor Gpr1. gpr4 mutants exhibited reduced capsule production and mating defects, similar to gpa1 mutants, and exogenous cAMP suppressed both gpr4 mutant phenotypes. Epistasis analysis ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/g-protein-coupled-receptor-gpr4-senses-amino-acids-and-activates-
Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyNatural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Environmental isolations have established that Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii appears to have a specific ecological association with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. So far, we have isolated C. neoformans var. gattii on 35 separate occasions, all from samples associated with E. camaldulensis. The global distribution of E. camaldulensis appears to correspond to the epidemiologic distribution of cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans var. gattii. No other environmental source for the fungus has yet been detected, and no other eucalypt has the distribution pattern corresponding to reported cases caused by this fungus. These findings may provided an explanation for the high incidence of infections caused by C. neoformans var. gattii in Australian aborigines living in the Northern Territory and for its low worldwide incidence in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/28/7/1642
Produção de fatores de virulência in vitro por isolados de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii de origem clínica em...Produção de fatores de virulência in vitro por isolados de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii de origem clínica em...
INTRODUÇÃO. A criptococose é uma importante infecção oportunista, principalmente devido ao aumento do número de indivíduos imunocomprometidos, em especial aqueles infectados com HIV1,2. As espécies implicadas em grande parte dos casos são Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii, causadoras de variadas formas clínicas da doença3,4,5. Neste contexto, indivíduos imunocompetentes podem adquirir a doença como micose primária, principalmente devido a C. gattii, em regiões tropicais e subtropicais6, bem como sob a forma de surtos7. Cryptococcus spp. são leveduras basidiomicetos, capsuladas, sapróbias do ambiente, sendo isoladas principalmente de excretas de aves e ocos de árvores, como por exemplo, eucalipto8 e Senna sp.9. C. neoformans é constituído pelos sorotipos A (tipos moleculares VNI, VNII), D (tipo molecular VNIV) e o híbrido AD (tipo molecular VNIII); C. gattii inclui o sorotipo B (tipos moleculares VGI, VGII, VGIII, VGIV) e o sorotipo C10,11,12.. Em Belém, Estado ...
http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-62232012000200008&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt
Mapping of the Cryptococcus neoformans MATα locus: Presence of mating type-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade...Mapping of the Cryptococcus neoformans MATα locus: Presence of mating type-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mapping of the Cryptococcus neoformans MATα locus. T2 - Presence of mating type-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade homologs. AU - Karos, M.. AU - Chang, Y. C.. AU - McClelland, C. M.. AU - Clarke, D. L.. AU - Fu, J.. AU - Wickes, B. L.. AU - Kwon-Chung, K. J.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - In this study we investigated the relationship between the MATα locus of Cryptococcus neoformans and several MATα-specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction cascade genes, including STE12α, STE11α, and STE20α. To resolve the location of the genes, we screened a cosmid library of the MATα strain B-4500 (JEC21), which was chosen for the C. neoformans genome project. We isolated several overlapping cosmids spanning a region of about 71 kb covering the entire MATα locus. It was found that STE12α, STE11α, and STE20α are imbedded within the locus rather than closely linked to the locus. ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/mapping-of-the-cryptococcus-neoformans-mat%CE%B1-locus-presence-of-mat
Cryptococcosis Market: Competitive Dynamics & Global Outlook 2024 - BizPR.us | US Free Press Release and Distribution centerCryptococcosis Market: Competitive Dynamics & Global Outlook 2024 - BizPR.us | US Free Press Release and Distribution center
Cryptococcosis, also known as cryptococcal disease is a potentially fatal fungal disease. It is caused by inhalation of an encapsulated yeast called Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by inhalation of the infectious propagule from the environment. Although the exact nature of the infectious propagule is unknown, the leading hypothesis is the basidiospore created through sexual or asexual reproduction.. Cryptococcosis market: Types of infection. There are three identified Cryptococcus strains that causes disease worldwide namely Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus grubii and Cryptococcus gattii. Exposure via respiratory or the gastrointestinal tract are considered as the most common and opportunistic pathway for the organism entry in the host. Cryptococcus neoformans can be found worldwide in soil, birds, animals and humans. Whereas, alternative route of administration can be through transplant of infected tissue, surgical instrument or laboratory instruments. ...
http://bizpr.us/2017/01/25/cryptococcosis-market-competitive-dynamics-global-outlook-2024/
UBIRA ETheses - How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus...UBIRA ETheses - How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus...
The following thesis is a composite of two separate research projects which were undertaken by the author for the award of an MRes in Molecular and Cellular Biology within the School of Biosciences at the University of Birmingham. Part one of this thesis will detail the first research project which sought to characterise the contribution of the enzyme phospholipase B to the intercellular lifecycle employed by the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans which has the ability to survive within the phagolysosome of immune cell macrophages. This project used cell culture and microscopy techniques as well as whole cell lipidomic analysis and found that many aspects of Cryptococcus neoformans parasitism of macrophages are modified by phospholipase B activity. Part two of this details the second project which examined the predatory bacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorous. This bacterium has a unique lifecycle which involves predation of other gram negative bacteria resulting in prey cell invasion and an ...
https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/4121/
Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. | Journal of Experimental Medicine | Rockefeller...Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. | Journal of Experimental Medicine | Rockefeller...
To assess the relationship between melanin production by Cryptococcus neoformans and virulence on a molecular basis, we asked: (a) is CNLAC1, the laccase structural gene of C. neoformans, expressed in vivo?; (b) can mouse virulence be restored to cnlac1 (Mel-) mutants by complementation with CNLAC1?; and (c) will targeted gene deletion of CNLAC1 decrease virulence for mice? Melanin is produced when cryptococcal laccase catalyzes the oxidation of certain aromatic compounds, including L-dopa, to quinones, which then polymerize to melanin. To assess CNLAC1 transcription, RNA was extracted from C. neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected CNLAC1 transcript, indicating that laccase may be produced in the infected host. To assess the effect of CNLAC1 deletion on virulence, a Mel- mutant (10S) was obtained by disruption of the 5 end of the gene. After multiple backcrosses with a parental strain to remove unintended genetic defects ...
https://rupress.org/jem/article/184/2/377/51061/Effect-of-the-laccase-gene-CNLAC1-on-virulence-of
ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF - Patent applicationANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF - Patent application
0141] FIGS. 5A to 5E are bar charts showing the viability of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively, when treated with micelles formed from Example 1. FIGS. 6A to 6E are bar charts showing the viability of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans as well as Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, respectively, when treated with micelles formed from Example 3. FIG. 7 is a bar chart showing the viability of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis when treated with micelles formed from Example 2. Example 2 does not show a strong inhibition effect towards bacterial growth, having a MIC of higher than 66.4 micromole/L against Bacillus subtilis (FIG. 7). This is attributed to the polymer with the longest hydrophobic block precipitating ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20130011457
Growth and Pigment Production on d-Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans |...Growth and Pigment Production on d-Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans |...
Studies indicate that the accuracy of correct identification of the C. gattii strains using d-proline assimilation tests (2, 3, 13, 31) or d-tryptophan assimilation tests (2, 3, 35) was favorable with the CGB (25) method. The assimilation assays are based on the fact that only the C. gattii strains utilized these d-amino acids as the sole nitrogen source. In some studies the accuracy of these tests approaches 99% but the assay was relatively slow because the formulation used low glucose concentrations (1 to 2%). The current study suggests that it is feasible to combine d-tryptophan and d-proline into a single medium to separate C. gattii from C. neoformans. The use of m-DTDP or YCB-DTDP increased the carbohydrate source from 2 to 4%, such that most C. gattii strains achieved growth in 1 to 3 days. The current limitation for growth is the nitrogen source. We suggest using YCB-DTDP agar or m-DTDP agar, since the accuracy is similar to those of previously published methods and test results are ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/46/1/255
Clinical Utility of the Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in a Diagnostic Mycology LaboratoryClinical Utility of the Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in a Diagnostic Mycology Laboratory
Background Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningitis. A recently introduced lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) to detect cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) is reportedly more rapid and convenient than standard latex agglutination (LA), but has not yet been evaluated in a diagnostic laboratory setting. Methods One hundred and six serum, 42 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and 20 urine samples from 92 patients with known or suspected cryptococcosis were tested by LA and LFA, and titres were compared. Results were correlated with laboratory-confirmed cryptococcosis. Serial samples were tested in nine treated patients. Results Twenty-five of 92 patients had confirmed cryptococcosis; all sera (n = 56) from these patients were positive by LFA (sensitivity 100%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 93.6-100%) compared with 51/56 positive by LA (sensitivity 91.1%, 95% CI 80.7-96.1%). Fifty sera from 67 patients without cryptococcosis tested negative in both assays. While LA yielded more false negative results (5/56
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0049541
Cryptococcosis: Its Prevalence and Clinical Presentation among Hiv Positive and Negative Patients in Rims, Manipur - Semantic...Cryptococcosis: Its Prevalence and Clinical Presentation among Hiv Positive and Negative Patients in Rims, Manipur - Semantic...
Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative fungal agent of cryptococcosis remain a common cause of infectious morbidity and mortality, especially among HIV-positive patients living in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and clinical presentation of Cryptococcus infections among HIV positive and negative patients in RIMS, Manipur. Specimens like CSF, sputum, urine, blood, tissue biopsy or aspirates from clinically suspected cryptococcosis cases from RIMS hospital, were subjected to mycological examination. Out of the 48 patients enrolled for the study, Cryptococcus spp were isolated from 16 (33.33%) patients. Among these 16 cryptococcosis patients, majority of them presented with cryptococcal meningitis 13 (81.25%), while 1 (6.25%) patient each presented with cryptococcal lymphadenitis, disseminated cutaneous cryptococcosis and osseous cryptococcosis respectively. Also, of these 16 cryptococcosis patients, 14 (87.5%) were HIV positive. Among these HIV
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cryptococcosis-Its-Prevalence-and-Clinical-Present-Lungran-Devi/3aeeb6f86179583435e9f24049160bbb60432c79
Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway...Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ssk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase governs divergent patterns of the stress-activated Hog1 signaling pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Bahn, Yong Sun. AU - Geunes-Boyer, Scarlett. AU - Heitman, Joseph. PY - 2007/12. Y1 - 2007/12. N2 - The stress-activated p38/Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is structurally conserved in many diverse organisms, including fungi and mammals, and modulates myriad cellular functions. The Hog1 pathway is uniquely specialized to control differentiation and virulence factors in a majority of clinical Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and D strains. Here, we identified and characterized the Ssk2 MAPKKK that functions upstream of the MAPKK Pbs2 and the MAPK Hog1 in C. neoformans. The SSK2 gene was identified as a potential component responsible for the difference in Hog1 phosphorylation between the serotype D f1 sibling strains B-3501 and B-3502 through comparative analysis of meiotic maps showing their meiotic ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/ssk2-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-kinase-kinase-governs-diver
Cryptococcosis - WikipediaCryptococcosis - Wikipedia
Cryptococcosis, also known as cryptococcal disease, is a potentially fatal fungal disease. It is caused by one of two species; Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. These were all previously thought to be subspecies of C. neoformans but have now been identified as distinct species. Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by inhalation of the infectious propagule from the environment. Although the exact nature of the infectious propagule is unknown, the leading hypothesis is the basidiospore created through sexual or asexual reproduction. Cryptococcosis is a defining opportunistic infection for AIDS, and is the second-most-common AIDS-defining illness in Africa. Other conditions that pose an increased risk include certain lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkins lymphoma), sarcoidosis, liver cirrhosis, and patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Distribution is worldwide in soil. The prevalence of cryptococcosis has been increasing over the past 20 years for many reasons, including the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus | Article about Cryptococcus by The Free DictionaryCryptococcus | Article about Cryptococcus by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Cryptococcus? Find out information about Cryptococcus. A genus of encapsulated pathogenic yeasts in the order Moniliales Explanation of Cryptococcus
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/cryptococcus
Cutaneous Cryptococcus Publications and Abstracts | PubFacts.comCutaneous Cryptococcus Publications and Abstracts | PubFacts.com
Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic yeast infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans that remains the most common systemic fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients and often presents with signs of meningitis. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) is a more rare clinical identity that is characterized by skin lesions confined to 1 body region, often presenting as a whitlow or phlegmon with positive culture for C neoformans and no evidence of simultaneous dissemination. We report a rare case of PCC in a 73-year-old man with intact cell-mediated immunity. Read More ...
https://www.pubfacts.com/search/Cutaneous+Cryptococcus
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans | AVESİSThe DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans | AVESİS
The study of fungal regulatory networks is essential to the understanding of how these pathogens respond to host environmental signals with effective virulence-associated traits. In this study, a virulence-associated DEAD-box RNA helicase-encoding gene (VAD1) was isolated from a mutant defective in the virulence factor laccase. A Deltavad1 mutant exhibited a profound reduction in virulence in a mouse model that was restored after reconstitution with WT VAD1. Loss of VAD1 resulted in upregulation of NOT1, a gene encoding a global repressor of transcription. NOT1 was found to act as an intermediary transcriptional repressor of laccase. Vad1 was located within macromolecular complexes that formed cytoplasmic granular bodies in mature cells and during infection of mouse brain. in addition, VAD1 was shown by in situ hybridization to be expressed in the brain of an AIDS patient coinfected with C. neoformans. To understand the role of VAD1 in virulence, a functional genomics approach was used to ...
https://avesis.erdogan.edu.tr/yayin/607f8d6a-d6fb-4509-b7d0-548eb23f1af7/the-dead-box-rna-helicase-vad1-regulates-multiple-virulence-associated-genes-in-cryptococcus-neoformans
Browse by Author/Supervisor - eTheses RepositoryBrowse by Author/Supervisor - eTheses Repository
Hughes, William S. (2015) Cryptococcus neoformans phospholipase B and its influence on fungal cell morphology AND A study into proteins proposed to be involved in C-di-GMP signalling and predation from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus - Bd1483, Bd1996, Bd2538 and Bd3100. M.Res. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Evans, Robert J. (2013) How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus neoformans and the macrophage? and An investigation into the properties of two Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus C-di-GMP metabolism proteins - Bd2325 and Bd1971. M.Res. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Ma, Hansong (2009) Intracellular parasitism of macrophages by Cryptococcus. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Smith, Leanne May (2015) Investigating phagosome dynamics of microbial pathogens. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Gilbert, Andrew Stephen (2017) Investigating the molecular mechanisms of vomocytosis. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham.. Needs, ...
http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/view/people/May=3ARobin_C=2E=3A=3A.html
A prospective descriptive study of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV unifected patients in Vietnam - high prevalence of...A prospective descriptive study of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV unifected patients in Vietnam - high prevalence of...
Results: 57 patients were studied. Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii molecular type VN1 caused 70% of infections; C. gattii accounted for the rest. Most patients did not have underlying disease (81%), and the rate of underlying disease did not differ by infecting species. 11 patients died while in-patients (19.3%). Independent predictors of death were age ≥ 60 years and a history of convulsions (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 8.7 (1 - 76), and 16.1 (1.6 - 161) respectively). Residual visual impairment was common, affecting 25 of 46 survivors (54.3%). Infecting species did ...
http://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/1414/
JCI - Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformansJCI - Role of a CUF1/CTR4 copper regulatory axis in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
The study of regulatory networks in human pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans provides insights into host-pathogen interactions that may allow for correlation of gene expression patterns with clinical outcomes. In the present study, deletion of the cryptococcal copper-dependent transcription factor 1 (Cuf1) led to defects in growth and virulence factor expression in low copper conditions. In mouse models, cuf1Δ strains exhibited reduced dissemination to the brain, but no change in lung growth, suggesting copper is limiting in neurologic infections. To examine this further, a biologic probe of available copper was constructed using the cryptococcal CUF1-dependent copper transporter, CTR4. Fungal cells demonstrated high CTR4 expression levels after phagocytosis by macrophage-like J774.16 cells and during infection of mouse brains, but not lungs, consistent with limited copper availability during neurologic infection. This was extended to human brain infections by demonstrating CTR4 ...
https://moju67.cn.www.mobile.jci.org/articles/view/30006/pdf
Forecasting Fatal Fungal Infections - RedorbitForecasting Fatal Fungal Infections - Redorbit
The risk of developing fungal meningitis from Cryptococcus neoformans rises dramatically when people have weakened immunity, due to HIV infection or other reasons including the use of immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation, or for treating autoimmune diseases or cancer. Knowing which patients are most likely to develop fungal meningitis would allow costly drugs for preventing fungal disease to be targeted to those most in need. (In the U.S., the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy by HIV-infected people, and their preventive use of anti-fungal drugs, has dramatically reduced their rate of fungal meningitis from Cryptococcus neoformans to about 2 ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1706029/forecasting_fatal_fungal_infections/
ASMscience | Molecular Typing of theASMscience | Molecular Typing of the
A large number of molecular typing techniques have been applied over the years to discriminate between individual isolates that had been indistinguishable using conventional techniques and to obtain further insights into the epidemiology and population structure of this species complex. This chapter aims to summarize the diverse typing techniques applied to the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex, to correlate the obtained results, and to describe the global distribution of the major genotypes. The enzymes malate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphoglyceromutase, and glutamate dehydrogenase could separate C. gattii from C. neoformans. Electrophoretic karyotyping was for the first time applied to the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex to study the genetic diversity between seven cryptococcal strains representing all four serotypes. PCR fingerprinting using the primer (GACA)4 was applied to 110 cryptococcal isolates obtained mainly from Germany and Africa as well as additional
https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555816858.ch24
Cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice is accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses<...Cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice is accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice is accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses. AU - Furukawa, Katsunori. AU - Kobayashi, Makiko. AU - Sasaki, Hidetaka. AU - Herndon, David. AU - Pollard, Richard B.. AU - Suzuki, Fujio. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Objective: To explore the pathogenic role of burn-associated type 2 T-cell responses on the development of cryptococcal encephalitis in mice with severe thermal injuries. Design: Experimental Cryptococcus neoformans infection in normal mice was compared with that in thermally injured mice (TI mice), normal mice heated with a mixture of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, or normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: Male BALB/c mice, 8 to 10 wks of age. Interventions: We prepared four groups of mice as follows: a) normal mice, b) TI mice, c) normal mice treated with the IL-4/IL-10 mixture, and d) normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells. These ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/cryptococcal-encephalitis-in-thermally-injured-mice-is-accelerate
Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans | The EMBO JournalCalcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans | The EMBO Journal
A less likely alternative hypothesis is that calcineurin is not part of a signal transduction pathway required for virulence, but is instead required to maintain activity of components required for growth at high temperature and CO2 and pH resistance. Such a model would require that some proteins differ in phosphorylation state at 37 and 24°C, or that activity at 37°C requires dephosphorylation whereas activity at 24°C does not. One means to test these and other models, and to identify downstream effectors of calcineurin, would be to characterize suppressor mutations that restore growth to calcineurin mutants at 37°C. In summary, our studies reveal that calcineurin is required for virulence and may delineate the first elements of a signal transduction cascade required for fungal pathogenesis.. By analogy with other systems, the targets of calcineurin might include ion pumps or transcription factors, which could regulate expression of other proteins required for virulence. The role of ...
http://emboj.embopress.org/content/16/10/2576
Dr. Erin E. McClelland | Faculty | Middle Tennessee State UniversityDr. Erin E. McClelland | Faculty | Middle Tennessee State University
One of the more interesting aspects of C. neoformans interactions with the host is the large discrepancy in the incidence of infections in male and female patients, with males having a higher incidence of C. neoformans infection and disease than females. This gender-related difference has been observed in dozens of studies and suggests underlying differences in the interactions of the immune response to C. neoformans infection and differential expression of microbial factors between males and females. We have found differences in the immune response of ex vivo male or female macrophages to C. neoformans, PLoS One, 2013. Currently, we are characterizing gender-specific and microbial factors in clinical isolates to determine which factors are involved in the gender susceptibility difference to C. neoformans.. 2. Determine how C. neoformans modulates cell signaling in macrophages Another key aspect of the C. neoformans host-pathogen interaction is with host macrophages. I am collaborating with Dr. ...
https://www.mtsu.edu/faculty/erin-e-mcclelland
azole resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans from intensive care patients |...azole resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans from intensive care patients |...
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http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/29/1/A37.1
Cyclosporine Capsule size: 100 mg at PetSmart in Dover - 70558734Cyclosporine Capsule size: 100 mg at PetSmart in Dover - 70558734
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http://findnsave.doverpost.com/offer/Cyclosporine-Capsule-size-100-mg/70558734/
Activation of macrophages and expansion of specific T lymphocytes in the lungs of mice intratracheally inoculated with...Activation of macrophages and expansion of specific T lymphocytes in the lungs of mice intratracheally inoculated with...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Activation of macrophages and expansion of specific T lymphocytes in the lungs of mice intratracheally inoculated with Cryptococcus neoformans. AU - Kawakami, K.. AU - Kohno, S.. AU - Morikawa, N.. AU - Kadota, J.. AU - Saito, A.. AU - Hara, K.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - A quantitative and qualitative change in inflammatory cells in the lungs of mice after intratracheal inoculation of heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans was examined by direct analysis of the pulmonary intraparenchymal leucocytes. Macrophages and T and B lymphocytes increased, peaked at day 7, and then gradually decreased to the basal level. Macrophages were activated 7 days after the inoculation, as indicated by the enhanced expression of MHC class II, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Fc receptor (FcR), which have been known as their activation markers. T cells were also activated, as indicated by the induction of IL-2 receptor ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/activation-of-macrophages-and-expansion-of-specific-t-lymphocytes
PREPARATION DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM...PREPARATION DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM...
Results: Showed that the yeast was grow with typical colonies on the new medium compared with other media which using in diagnosed of this yeast such as Staib agar and Sabourauds dextrose agar and unlike the yeast Candida albicans (as a negative control), which appeared in cream to white on this medium. Furthermore, the colonies are dark brown in color on flower chrysanthemum medium and light brown color on leaves chrysanthemum medium. In addition, the results of the chemical and spectral tests of the extracts confirmed that the plant contains many active compounds such as alkaloids, turbines, tannins, and phenols. The analysis of the extracts of phenolic compounds using GC-mass led to the diagnosis of five compounds in the leaf extract and nine compounds in the flower extract of this plant. ...
https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/33723
Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a diabetic patient - the perils of an overzealous immune response: a case reportCryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a diabetic patient - the perils of an overzealous immune response: a case report
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2783158/?lang=en-ca
Home - Cryptococcus wieringae v1.0Home - Cryptococcus wieringae v1.0
Cryptococcus is a polyphyletic genus that is present in all five major lineages of the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina). Cryptococcus wieringae (syn=Filobasidium wieringae) was described by Fonseca et al. (2000) to re-classify strains of Cryptoccocus albidus related to Cryptoccocus magnus. Like many other members of Filobasidiales, Cryptococcus wieringae is also found in association with plants. The original identification by Wieringa (1956) was on samples isolated from flax straw when a role in pectin hydrolysis during the dew-retting process of flax was suggested. It has also been isolated from soil samples (Arenz et al. 2006) and glaciers (Branda et al. 2010).. This genome was sequenced as part of the 1000 fungal genomes project ...
https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/Crywi1/Crywi1.home.html
Compare Current Fungal+Meningitis+Caused+By+Cryptococcus Drugs and Medications with Ratings & ReviewsCompare Current Fungal+Meningitis+Caused+By+Cryptococcus Drugs and Medications with Ratings & Reviews
Looking for medication to treat fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus? Find a list of current medications, their possible side effects, dosage, and efficacy when used to treat or reduce the symptoms of fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/condition-1042/fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus
ASMscience | Hybridization and Its ImASMscience | Hybridization and Its Im
A study on the identification of hybrids identified six distinct clusters based on the genotypes of a large number of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii global isolates using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A combination of genotype and ploidy analyses are able to discriminate AD hybrids from haploid serotype A or D isolates. Serological reactions and a set of genotyping techniques have been used to determine the serotype of Cryptococcus strains. Serotype A strains presented a rim pattern characterized by a sharp increase in the optical gradient at the capsular edge followed directly by an immediate decrease. The estimation of the time of hybridization showed that recombination occurred very recently, indicating that hybridization is important during Cryptococcus evolution. Gene genealogical analysis supported the hypothesis of multiple origins of hybrid strains, suggesting that hybridization events occurred in different times probably coinciding with the continuing
https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555816858.ch25
Differentiation of Naturally Produced Extracellular ...Differentiation of Naturally Produced Extracellular ...
Recently, membrane vesicle (MV) production was described in Gram-positive bacteria, which harbor a variety of components such as toxins, antibiotic resistance proteins, proteases, DNA, and immune modulators. Free lipids have the ability to form micelles, thus it is important to rule out spontaneous association of lipids into vesicle-like structures and rather, that MVs are produced naturally by a metabolically active cell. Here, we describe a protocol utilizing the polysaccharide, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) from Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) as a marker to differentiate naturally produced MVs from vesicles that form spontaneously in the Gram-positive model organism, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). MVs are purified from bacterial cultures grown in the presence of GXM; MVs naturally produced by cells would not contain GXM in the lumen whereas vesicular structures forming in the media could encapsulate GXM and this can be visualized via immunogold transmission electron microscopy.
https://en.bio-protocol.org/e1408
CryptococcosisCryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused specifically by the fungus cryptococcus neofromans, which is usually found in soil and bird droppings or less commonly, the fungus cryptococcus gatti, found in sub-tropical regions. An individual usually contracts this infection through the air by breathing in the spores. Cryptococcocsis is most commonly associated with HIV and with people with weakened immune systems such as Hodgkins disease, individuals taking high doses of corticosteroid medications or undergoing chemotherapy. However, cryptococcocsis may affect individuals with normal immune systems as well. In some cases, there are no symptoms at all, however because the fungus is typically inhaled, the lungs are most commonly infected. It is more likely to spread beyond the lungs to the brain (and cause meningitis) in individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms may include blurred vision, chest pain, fatigue, dry coughs, fever, headache, nausea, sweating, and skin rashes. Other symptoms ...
http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/result/2024
Three Klebsiella species cause life-threatening infections and share drug resistance genes | EurekAlert! Science NewsThree Klebsiella species cause life-threatening infections and share drug resistance genes | EurekAlert! Science News
A team of US researchers has discovered that three different species of Klebsiella bacteria can cause life-threatening infections in hospital patients and that all three share genes that confer resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics. The study, published this week in mSphere®, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology, improves physicians understanding of Klebsiella infections and could point toward better ways to fight multi-drug resistant strains of these bacteria.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-08/asfm-tks072617.php
Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung, teleomorph ATCC ® 34873&tradFilobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung, teleomorph ATCC ® 34873&trad
Filobasidiella neoformans ATCC ® 34873™ Designation: NIH B-3501 [CBS 6900, CBS 7697, CBS 7817, CCRC 20532] Application: Biomedical Research and Development Material assay of eumelanin pigments ref   ref produces monophenol monooxygenase phenol oxidase, phenoloxidase ref regulation of phenol oxidase and capsular polysaccharide ref
https://www.atcc.org/products/all/34873.aspx?p=1&rel=%7B0%7D
Capsule Sizes: Empty Cap Chart w/ mg & ml InfoCapsule Sizes: Empty Cap Chart w/ mg & ml Info
Capsule sizes are labeled with a numerical value. View our empty cap size chart for all of the mathematical info you need for gelatin and other cap styles.
https://www.capsulesupplies.com/capsule-size-chart/?setCurrencyId=5
Pissin On The Roses: Complex Systems: Origin of Virulence; Chaos, & Radioactive Black DirtPissin On The Roses: Complex Systems: Origin of Virulence; Chaos, & Radioactive Black Dirt
Casadevall is Professor and Chair of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York. His research centers on the questions of how microbes cause disease and how hosts, such as humans, defend themselves. To explore this dynamic relationship, Casadevall and colleagues have long examined Cryptococcus neoformans, a common fungus that is harmless to healthy people but can cause serious disease, including lung infections and fungal meningitis, in immune-compromised people such as those with HIV/AIDS. Many of the laboratorys projects seek to understand how hosts defend against C. neoformans and how the organisms virulence contributes to disease ...
http://pissinontheroses.blogspot.com.au/2013/12/complex-systems-origin-of-virulence.html
LSHTM Research OnlineLSHTM Research Online
Beale, MA; Robertson, E; Simwami, SP; Fuentes, K; Jarvis, JN; Loyse, A; Bradley, J; Meintjes, GA; Wilson, D; Harrison, TS; +2 more... Fisher, MC; Bicanic, T; (2014) Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNB is associated with mortality in HIV associated cryptococcal meningitis in South Africa. [Conference or Workshop Item] https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/1805361 ...
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/1805361/
Postdoctoral position in Medical MycologyPostdoctoral position in Medical Mycology
A postdoctoral position is available to study mechanisms by which pathogenic fungi (eg, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) regulate intracellular acyclic polyols concentrations. Acyclic polyols such as D-arabinitol and mannitol function in fungi as intracellular osmolytes and as oxidative stress protectants, and mutants with diminished abilities to synthesize and accumulate acyclic polyols are stress-intolerant and hypovirulent (Microbiol 1996;142:937; J Immunol 1996;156:3836; J Bacteriol 1997;179:157). Our past studies have focused on the metabolic pathways by which C. albicans and C. neoformans synthesize and catabolize polyols and the functional and pathogenic significance of these pathways (J Bacteriol 1993;175:6314 and 1995;177:2971). The new postdoctoral associate will study the mechanisms by which pathogenic fungi maintain and regulate high acyclic polyol concentration gradients across the cell membrane. One possible approach will be (i) to clone the cDNAs and/or genes encoding ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/microbio/1998-February/011721.html
Cryptococcosis Medication: Antifungal agentsCryptococcosis Medication: Antifungal agents
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast. In 1894, Busse, a pathologist, first described the yeast in a paper he presented to the Greifswald Medical Society.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215354-medication
2018 ICD-10-CM Codes B45*: Cryptococcosis2018 ICD-10-CM Codes B45*: Cryptococcosis
An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs ...
http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/A00-B99/B35-B49/B45-
Biology-Online • View topic - The Fiber DiseaseBiology-Online • View topic - The Fiber Disease
The in vitro and in vivo toxicities and activities of MS-8209, a new hydrosoluble amphotericin B (deoxycholate-amphotericin B [D-AmB]; Fungizone) derivative, were studied. In vitro, MS-8209 was less toxic than AmB against renal tubular cells in primary culture and less active against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. However, at 10-fold the AmB concentration, MS-8209 in vitro antifungal activity paralleled that of AmB. Fifty-percent lethal doses of MS-8209 and D-AmB in OF1 noninfected mice were 26 and 2.3 mg/kg, respectively. Therapeutic efficacy of MS-8209 was assessed in murine candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis. In each model of infection, we determined the maximum tolerated dosages of MS-8209 and D-AmB, i.e., the dosage inducing less than 15% mortality due to toxicity; the efficacies of MS-8209 and D-AmB at their respective maximum tolerated dosages were compared. In candidiasis, MS-8209 (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the survival time compared with D-AmB (0.5 ...
http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/post-52560.html
Arturo CasadevallArturo Casadevall
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates, in: Journal of ... 1998, Cryptococcus neoformans. with co-author John R. Perfect, ASM Press. Highly Cited Articles 2020, with Liise-anne Pirofski ... He has defined much of what is known about fungal pathogenesis and how fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans evade the host ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Casadevall
Gene densityGene density
"Cryptococcus neoformans (ID 61) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14. "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/ ... "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Cryptococcus_neoformans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000091045.1_ASM9104v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_density
Bacterial capsuleBacterial capsule
Casadevall A, Coelho C, Cordero RJ, Dragotakes Q, Jung E, Vij R, Wear MP (December 2019). "Cryptococcus neoformans". Virulence ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (July 2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: a sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews ... Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR (April 2004). "Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule". Molecular ... Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus aureus The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, though not a bacterium, has a similar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_capsule
TremellaceaeTremellaceae
2004). "Genetic requirements for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans". In Domer JE, Kobayashi GS (eds.). Human Fungal ... Molecular research has also indicated that the genus Filobasidiella (and its yeast state Cryptococcus) should be included ... and the yeast genus Cryptococcus, several species of which are human pathogens, causing cryptococcosis. Fries created the ... "Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremellaceae
FungemiaFungemia
Aspergillus and Cryptococcus, are also called fungemia. It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungemia
ParacoccidioidomycosisParacoccidioidomycosis
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis
Candida kruseiCandida krusei
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_krusei
List of infectious diseasesList of infectious diseases
Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium species Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) usually Ancylostoma braziliense ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infectious_diseases
List of parasites of humansList of parasites of humans
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_humans
Coccidioides immitisCoccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidioides_immitis
Pathogenic fungusPathogenic fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans is the major human and animal pathogen. Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus have been known ... Cryptococcus neoformans can cause a severe form of meningitis and meningo-encephalitis in patients with HIV infection and AIDS ... Lin X, Hull CM, Heitman J (2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_fungus
FungusFungus
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can live in both plants and animals. C. neoformans usually infects the ... Perfect JR (June 2006). "Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot". FEMS Yeast Research. 6 (4): 463-8. doi:10.1111/ ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (August 2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection ... Cryptococcus neoformans. Because of similarities in morphology and lifestyle, the slime molds (mycetozoans, plasmodiophorids, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus
3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose xylosylphosphotransferase3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose xylosylphosphotransferase
"A novel xylosylphosphotransferase activity discovered in Cryptococcus neoformans". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (52 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose_xylosylphosphotransferase
Carlyn HaldeCarlyn Halde
Halde, C.; Fraher, M. A. (1966-03-01). "Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon feces in San Francisco". California Medicine. 104 (3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlyn_Halde
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
IRIS has been described in immunocompetent hosts who have meningitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans ... Lane, M.; McBride, J.; Archer, J. (23 August 2004). "Steroid responsive late deterioration in Cryptococcus neoformans variety ... in whom Cryptococcus neoformans is the usual pathogen. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids during IRIS may be beneficial in ... "Paradoxical Inflammatory Reaction during Treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii Meningitis in an HIV-Seronegative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_reconstitution_inflammatory_syndrome
Ptilomycalin APtilomycalin A
Dalisay DS, Saludes JP, Molinski TF (2011). "Ptilomycalin A inhibits laccase and melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptilomycalin_A
Katherine FranzKatherine Franz
She has looked at iron and copper as ionophores; which are important in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Franz also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Franz
NigrosinNigrosin
as well as the capsule-containing fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. The shapes and sizes of the organisms are seen as color-free ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrosin
LaccaseLaccase
"Unraveling Melanin Biosynthesis and Signalling Networks in Cryptococcus neoformans". mBio. 10 (5): e02267-19. doi:10.1128/mBio. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccase
YeastYeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... Cogliati M (2013). "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast
Opportunistic infectionOpportunistic infection
"Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in ... Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_infection
Intracellular parasiteIntracellular parasite
Cryptococcus neoformans Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the parasite's ... Alvarez, M.; Burns, T.; Luo, Y.; Pirofski, L. A.; Casadevall, A. (2009). "The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_parasite
PhagolysosomePhagolysosome
"Cryptococcus neoformans resides in an acidic phagolysosome of human macrophages". Infection and Immunity. 67 (2): 885-890. ISSN ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagolysosome
BasidiomycotaBasidiomycota
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... The ability of C. neoformans and U. maydis to undergo meiosis may contribute to their virulence by repairing the oxidative DNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota
Mucicarmine stainMucicarmine stain
One of the organisms that is identified using this staining technique is Cryptococcus neoformans. Another use is in surgical ... Lazcano, O (Jan 1993). "Combined histochemical stains in the differential diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans". Modern ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucicarmine_stain
PropagulePropagule
Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Lancet. 336(8720). Akira Sasaki and Yoh Iwasa. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagule
HistatinHistatin
Tsai H, Bobek LA (October 1997). "Human salivary histatin-5 exerts potent fungicidal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ... and Cryptococcus neoformans. Histatins also precipitate tannins from solution - thus preventing alimentary adsorption. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histatin
Joseph HeitmanJoseph Heitman
Hull, CM, Davidson, RC, Heitman, J (December 2002). "Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are ... "Mating-type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans: a step in the evolution of sex chromosomes". Eukaryotic Cell. 1 (5): 704-718. doi ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... "Sex-induced silencing defends the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans via RNAi". Genes & Development. 24 (22): 2566-82. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Heitman
List of sequenced fungi genomesList of sequenced fungi genomes
February 2005). "The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans". Science. 307 (5713): 1321 ... Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans JEC21, human pathogen (2005, other strains unpubl.) Dacryopinax sp. (2012) Tremella ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_fungi_genomes
BafilomycinBafilomycin
When Cryptococcus neoformans was treated with bafilomycin, growth inhibition was observed. Bafilomycin has also been used in C ... neoformans in conjunction with calcineurin inhibitor FK506, displaying synergistic anti-fungal activity. Bafilomycin has been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bafilomycin
Pulmonya, ang malayang ensiklopedyaPulmonya, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jiroveci, at Coccidioides immitis. Ang Histoplasmosis ay pinaka-karaniwan sa Mississippi ...
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonya
Fosforibozilaminoimidazolna karboksilaza - ВикипедијаFosforibozilaminoimidazolna karboksilaza - Википедија
Biochemical role of the Cryptococcus neoformans ADE2 protein in fungal de novo purine biosynthesis". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosforibozilaminoimidazolna_karboksilaza
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articlesIndex of HIV/AIDS-related articles
Cryptococcus neoformans - cryptosporidiosis - Cryptosporidium - CSF - CTL - cutaneous - CXCR4 - cytokines - cytomegalovirus ( ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics
ZoonosisZoonosis
Cryptococcus neoformans commonly - birds like pigeons inhaling fungi Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium spp. cattle, dogs, cats ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis
Intracellular parasiteIntracellular parasite
"The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes". BMC Microbiology. 9: 51. doi:10.1186/ ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_pathogen
Meningitis, entziklopedia askea.Meningitis, entziklopedia askea.
onddoak: Cryptococcus neoformans.. InfekzioaAldatu. Gaitza harrapatzen da: *arnas bidetik: airetik kutsatzen da gehienetan ...
https://eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis
Glive - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedijaGlive - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
2006). "Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot". FEMS Yeast Research 6 (4): 463-68. PMID 16696642. doi:10.1111/j. ... človekov patogen Cryptococcus neoformans.[17]. Organizmi podobni glivam[uredi , uredi kodo]. Zaradi podobnosti v morfologiji in ...
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glive
Pärmseened - Vikipeedia, vaba entsüklopeediaPärmseened - Vikipeedia, vaba entsüklopeedia
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. ...
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pärmseened
Pärmseened - VikipeediaPärmseened - Vikipeedia
Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. ...
https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pärmseen
YeastYeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular types". Scientifica ... "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 (3): 387-408. doi:10.1128/CMR. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeasts
真菌 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书真菌 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot. FEMS Yeast Research. June 2006, 6 (4): 463-8. PMID 16696642. doi:10.1111/ ... Lin X, Hull CM, Heitman J. Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans. Nature. ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J. Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection. Eukaryotic ...
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/真菌界
PathogenPathogen
... and Cryptococcus neoformans, which can cause a severe form of meningitis. The typical fungal spore size is ,4.7 μm in length, ... Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.[44]. Viruses may also undergo sexual interaction when two or more viral genomes ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogens
ക്രോമോബ്ലാസ്റ്റോമൈക്കോസിസ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയക്രോമോബ്ലാസ്റ്റോമൈക്കോസിസ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cryptococcosis), Trichosporon spp (Trichosporonosis). Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ക്രോമോബ്ലാസ്റ്റോമൈക്കോസിസ്
Ebolusyon, ang malayang ensiklopedyaEbolusyon, ang malayang ensiklopedya
... at Cryptococcus neoformans ay tumaas sa biomassa at mas mabilis na nagtipon ng acetate sa kapiligiran na ang lebel ng radyasyon ...
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebolusyon
Mouth ulcerMouth ulcer
Fungal causes include Coccidioides immitis (valley fever), Cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcosis), and Blastomyces ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_ulcer
Cryptococcus neoformansCryptococcus neoformans
An Cryptococcus neoformans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cryptococcus, ngan familia nga Tremellaceae.[20][21] Waray hini ... neoformans Kwon-Chung 1976[3]. Lipomyces neoformans (San Felice) Cif. 1960[5]. Debaryomyces neoformans var. nasalis (F.C. ... Debaryomyces neoformans var. sheppei A. Giord. 1939[6]. Debaryomyces neoformans var. neoformans (San Felice) Redaelli, Cif. & ... Cryptococcus nasalis (F.C. Harrison) C.W. Dodge 1935[8]. Torulopsis neoformans (F.C. Harrison) Lodder 1934[9]. Torulopsis ...
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans
Resistencia a antibióticos, a enciclopedia libreResistencia a antibióticos, a enciclopedia libre
... o Cryptococcus neoformans e o Aspergillus fumigatus causan a maioría destas infeccións e presentan con frecuencia reistencia ...
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistencia_a_antibióticos
Caenorhabditis elegansCaenorhabditis elegans
Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis". Proceedings of the National ... C. elegans can also use different species of yeast, including Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus kuetzingii, as sole ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans
CryptococcusCryptococcus
C. neoformans[edit]. Main article: Cryptococcus neoformans. C, neoformans is the most prominent medically important species. It ... Main article: Cryptococcus gattii. C. gattii (formerly C. neoformans var gattii) is endemic to tropical parts of the continent ... C. uniguttulatus (Filobasidium uniguttulatus is a teleomorph) was the first non-neoformans Cryptococcus to infect a human. It ... Casadevall A and Perfect JR (1998) Cryptococcus neoformans. American Society for Microbiolgy, ASM Press, Washington DC, 1st ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcus
BasidiomycotaBasidiomycota
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... The ability of C. neoformans and U. maydis to undergo meiosis may contribute to their virulence by repairing the oxidative DNA ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota
AIDS bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasAIDS bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
... oleh jamur Cryptococcus neoformans. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan demam, sakit kepala, lelah, mual, dan muntah. Pasien juga mungkin ...
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS
Bacterial capsuleBacterial capsule
The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, though not a bacterium, has a similar capsule.[12] ... Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR (April 2004). "Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule". Molecular ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_capsule
Fagolisosom bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasFagolisosom bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Cryptococcus neoformans resides in an acidic phagolysosome of human macrophages". Infection and Immunity. 67 (2): 885-890. ISSN ...
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagolisosom
Brain abscessBrain abscess
... and Cryptococcus neoformans, though in infection with the latter organism, symptoms of meningitis generally predominate. These ... Cryptococcus, and Listeria monocytogenes Transplantation-Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Mucorales, Nocardia, and T. gondii ... Other causes include: Nocardia asteroides, Mycobacterium, Fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Mucorales, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_abscess
Raugs - VikipēdijaRaugs - Vikipēdija
Cryptococcus neoformans un C. gattii izraisa kriptokokozi).[5] ...
https://lv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raugs
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBICryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBI
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii.. Sorrell TC1.. Author information. 1. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii is emerging as a primary human pathogen which is distinct genetically and biochemically ... This enzyme has now been confirmed to play a role in the virulence of C. neoformans serotype A. Disease caused by C. n. var. ... neoformans. There is increasing evidence that it should be reclassified as a separate species within the Tremellales. In nature ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11346263?dopt=Abstract
Extracellular iron chelation in Cryptococcus neoformans. - PubMed - NCBIExtracellular iron chelation in Cryptococcus neoformans. - PubMed - NCBI
Extracellular iron chelation in Cryptococcus neoformans.. Jacobson ES1, Petro MJ.. Author information. 1. Research Service, ... Low-iron minimal medium supported growth of Cryptococcus neoformans but spent medium contained no hydroxamates, organic acids ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3325632?dopt=Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans - WikipediaCryptococcus neoformans - Wikipedia
Media related to Cryptococcus neoformans at Wikimedia Commons A good overview of Cryptococcus neoformans biology from the ... neoformans var. grubii. A new species name, Cryptococcus deneoformans, is used for the former C. neoformans var. neoformans. C ... neoformans and C. neoformans var. grubii. A third variety, C. neoformans var. gattii, was defined as a distinct species, ... "Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex". Fungal Genetics and Biology. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans | MSDSonlineCryptococcus neoformans | MSDSonline
Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS ...
https://www.msdsonline.com/resources/msds-resources/free-safety-data-sheet-index/cryptococcus-neoformans/
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii MW-RSA1955Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii MW-RSA1955
Cryptococcus. › Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. › Cryptococcus neoformans. › Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. See ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii MW-RSA1955. Taxonomy navigation. › Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii ...
https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1230066
Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin ATCC ® 28205™Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin ATCC ® 28205™
Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC ® 28205™ Designation: VH/10414/72 Application: Biomedical Research and Development Material ... Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (ATCC® 28205™) Alternate State: Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung / Strain ...
https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Fungi_and_Yeast/Biomedical_Strains/28205.aspx
Cryptococcus neoformans | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyCryptococcus neoformans | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Evaluation of Vitek MS for Differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes Cryptococcus neoformans ... Cryptococcus neoformans Typing by PCR Fingerprinting Using (GACA)4 Primers Based on C. neoformans Genome Project Data Massimo ... Identification of Genotypically Diverse Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Isolates by Luminex xMAP Technology M. ... Molecular Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans Serotypes A. Enache-Angoulvant, J. Chandenier, F. Symoens, P. Lacube, J. ...
https://jcm.asm.org/keyword/cryptococcus-neoformans
RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | GeneticsRNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | Genetics
1990 Isolation of the URA5 gene from Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and its use as a selective marker for ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ...
http://www.genetics.org/content/160/2/463
Cryptococcus neoformans - microbewikiCryptococcus neoformans - microbewiki
C. neoformans v. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans v. neoformans (serotype D). Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans. A ... Global Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types. Scientifica ... Genetic control of susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. Infect. Immun. 12. Kechichian TB, Shea J, Del Poeta M. ... Fungi pathogenic to humans: Molecular bases of virulence of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus ...
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Cryptococcus_neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin ATCC ® MYA-4567&tradCryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin ATCC ® MYA-4567&trad
Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC ® MYA-4567™ Designation: WM629 [CBS 10079] Application: Emerging infectious disease research ... Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (ATCC® MYA-4567™) Alternate State: Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung / Strain ... Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med. Mycol. 47(6):561-570, ... Rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of ...
https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Microbial_Panels/Pathogenic_Cryptococcus_Reference_Strains_Panel/MYA-4567.aspx?p=1&rel=%7B0%7D&slp=1
Cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection symptoms, treatments & forums | PatientsLikeMeCerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection symptoms, treatments & forums | PatientsLikeMe
5 patients with cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, and insomnia ... Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection at ... What is cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection?. Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like fungus which causes life- ... 1 a cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection patient reports mild pain (25%). * 0 cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection ...
https://www.patientslikeme.com/conditions/1443-cerebral-cryptococcus-neoformans-infection
Cyclic AMP signaling in Cryptococcus neoformansCyclic AMP signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans
... FEMS Yeast Res. 2004 Jan;4(4-5):361-7. doi: 10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00241-1. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14734016/?dopt=Abstract
JCI - Glucosylceramide synthase is an essential regulator of pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformansJCI - Glucosylceramide synthase is an essential regulator of pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans
C. neoformans Gcs1 produces GlcCer. To examine whether the C. neoformansGCS1 gene encodes for GCS, the C. neoformansGCS1 gene ... C. neoformans GCS1 gene encodes for GCS. (A) In vivo labeling of C. neoformans WT, Δgcs1, and Δgcs1 + GCS1 using [3H]-DHS. The ... neoformans, and addition of human antibodies against C. neoformans GlcCer to in vitro C. neoformans culture inhibits cell ... Pathogenesis of cerebralCryptococcus neoformans infection after fungemia. J. Infect. Dis. 186:522-530. View this article via: ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/27890
Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformansIdentification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans
... Description. Cryptococcus neoformans (teleomorph: Filobasidiella spp.) is ... Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans. Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology Laboratory ... The main problem with the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans is that it is a nondescript yeast upon primary isolation. While ... Cryptococcosis (an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans) is a trademark secondary infection in AIDS patients and most other ...
https://www.emsl.com/Services.aspx?action=show&TopServiceCategoryID=5&serviceid=114
Complex selection on intron size in Cryptococcus neoformans. | Broad InstituteComplex selection on intron size in Cryptococcus neoformans. | Broad Institute
Cryptococcus neoformans, Genome, Fungal, Introns, Selection, Genetic, Sequence Deletion. Abstract. We conducted a genome-wide ... analysis of the roles of mutation and selection in sculpting intron size in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. We ...
https://www.broadinstitute.org/publications/broad3504
Extracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformansExtracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans
The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), ... Extracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans Mol Microbiol. 2001 Jan;39(1):166-75. ... The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), ... We cloned a phospholipase-encoding gene (PLB1) from C. neoformans and constructed plb1 mutants using targeted gene disruption. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11123698/?dopt=Abstract
Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyKaryotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection.. B C Fries, F Chen, B P Currie, A Casadevall ... Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... The electrophoretic karyotypes of 32 clinical and 3 environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from New York City were ... Sequential C. neoformans isolates from patients with chronic or relapsing infection had very similar karyotypes. However, minor ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/34/6/1531?ijkey=7ba95495bd522c981834175b4f3fcc59e85437ff&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
KEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501AKEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A
Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Tremellomycetes; Tremellales; Cryptococcaceae; Cryptococcus; ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?gn:T01040
Diagnostic Challenges of Cryptococcus neoformans in an Immunocompetent Individual Masquerading as Chronic HydrocephalusDiagnostic Challenges of Cryptococcus neoformans in an Immunocompetent Individual Masquerading as Chronic Hydrocephalus
... predominance of Cryptococcus neoformans compared with Cryptococcus gattii," International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. ... I. Bose, A. J. Reese, J. J. Ory, G. Janbon, and T. L. Doering, "A yeast under cover: the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans," ... Y.-Y. Lin, S. Shiau, and C.-T. Fang, "Risk factors for invasive Cryptococcus neoformans diseases: a case-control study," PLoS ... W. S. Cheon, K.-S. Eom, B. K. Yoo et al., "A case of pulmonary cryptococcosis by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans," ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crinm/2016/7381943/ref/
Cryptococcus neoformans - Volume 14, Number 5-May 2008 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDCCryptococcus neoformans - Volume 14, Number 5-May 2008 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(5):762. doi:10.3201/eid1405.e11405.. ... 2008). Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(5), 762. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.e11405.. ... C. neoformans is an encapsulated yeastlike fungus of the family Cryptococcaceae. It was first described in 1894 by German ... Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(5):762. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.e11405. ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/5/e1-1405
Frontiers | Capsule Enlargement in Cryptococcus neoformans Is Dependent on Mitochondrial Activity | MicrobiologyFrontiers | Capsule Enlargement in Cryptococcus neoformans Is Dependent on Mitochondrial Activity | Microbiology
During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. It is ... During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. It is ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01423/full
Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and ImmunityCryptococcus neoformans | Infection and Immunity
Cryptococcus neoformans Evades Pulmonary Immunity by Modulating Xylose Precursor Transport Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. While C. neoformans affects mainly immunocompromised patients,... ... Lipids Affect the Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interaction and Promote Nonlytic Exocytosis Sabrina J. Nolan, Man Shun Fu ... Human IgM Inhibits the Formation of Titan-Like Cells in Cryptococcus neoformans Human studies have shown associations between ...
https://iai.asm.org/keyword/cryptococcus-neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans | Infection and ImmunityCryptococcus neoformans | Infection and Immunity
Cryptococcus neoformans Gene Involved in Mammalian Pathogenesis Identified by a Caenorhabditis elegans Progeny-Based Approach ... Receptor-Mediated Clearance of Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide In Vivo Lauren E. Yauch, Michael K. Mansour, ... Differential Localization of Complement Component 3 within the Capsular Matrix of Cryptococcus neoformans Marcellene A. Gates, ... Role of AFR1, an ABC Transporter-Encoding Gene, in the In Vivo Response to Fluconazole and Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans ...
https://iai.asm.org/keyword/cryptococcus-neoformans?page=5
For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For MicrobiologyFor Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology
"For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology." Medical News ... Hogan, G. (2009, August 20). "For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For ... For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology. ... C. neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, has a defined sexual cycle with two mating types. In nature and clinical ...
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/161311.php
Genes | Free Full-Text | Sexual Differentiation Is Coordinately Regulated by Cryptococcus neoformans CRK1 and GAT1Genes | Free Full-Text | Sexual Differentiation Is Coordinately Regulated by Cryptococcus neoformans CRK1 and GAT1
C. neoformans Cdk-related kinase 1 (CRK1) is a negative regulator of bisexual mating. In this study, we characterized the ... A bioinformatics survey predicted the C. neoformans GATA transcriptional factor Gat1 as a potential substrate of Crk1 kinase. ... Our genetic and phenotypic findings revealed that C. neoformans GAT1 and CRK1 formed a regulatory circuit to negatively ... Phenotypic results showed that, although deletion of C. neoformans CRK1 gene increased the efficiency of bisexual mating, ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/6/669
JCI - The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformansJCI - The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans
The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. ... The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. ... neoformans. To understand the role of VAD1 in virulence, a functional genomics approach was used to identify 3 additional ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/23048/figure/8
A PEACH OF A PATHOGEN: CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS | SCQA PEACH OF A PATHOGEN: CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS | SCQ
Cryptococcus neoformans is pathogen. Cryptococcus neoformans is also an opportunist. Over the past 10 years, infections of this ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: Separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. J Clin Microbiol ... neoformans var. gattii, while the others are known as C. neoformans var. grubii (A) and C. neoformans var. neoformans (D). It ... neoformans and C. neoformans var. gatti. Pathogenic Qualities Cryptococcus as a genus contains approximately 37 species and out ...
https://www.scq.ubc.ca/a-peach-of-a-pathogen-cryptococcus-neoformans/
Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. | JEMImmunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. | JEM
Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.. G Nussbaum, R Yuan, A Casadevall, M D ... Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.. G Nussbaum, R Yuan, A Casadevall, M D ... Vaccination and infection can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies to the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. The ... The results have important implications for the development of vaccines and passive antibody therapy against C. neoformans. ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/183/4/1905?ijkey=c3fdaab6e99c6b21ad9581dd04aff77a12c0e495&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic...Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic...
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a ... Does amoeboid reasoning explain the evolution and maintenance of virulence factors in Cryptococcus neoformans? - Dec 18, 2001 ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/98/26/15245?ijkey=a08101c65839612f02938ab6dff320aa0a5f3450&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
CryptococcosisInfectionGrubiiPathogen Cryptococcus neoformansSerotypeAbstractSpeciesIsolatesFungusCerebrospinal fluidCryptococcal meningitisVirulence of Cryptococcus neoformansBasidiomycetousMacrophagesMeningoencephalitisFilobasidiellaPathogenesisCapsuleFungiClinicalPolysaccharideYeastsOpportunistic pathogenAntifungalImmunityProteinMelaninInfectionsSusceptibilityMicrobiologyResistanceMeningitisPulmonaryImmuneMolecularMorphologicalImmunocompetentVitroGeneMacrophageOrganismSerotypesPhenotypicGenesPatientsCells
Cryptococcosis19
  • Infection with C. neoformans is termed cryptococcosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the main pathogenic species of invasive cryptococcosis among the Cryptococcus species. (asm.org)
  • Cryptococcosis (an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans ) is a trademark secondary infection in AIDS patients and most other cases are in patients with some other predisposing condition (such as lupus erythematosus, lymphoma, or leukemia). (emsl.com)
  • M. Chan, D. Lye, M. K. Win, A. Chow, and T. Barkham, "Clinical and microbiological characteristics of cryptococcosis in Singapore: predominance of Cryptococcus neoformans compared with Cryptococcus gattii ," International Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol. 26, pp. 110-115, 2014. (hindawi.com)
  • A case of pulmonary cryptococcosis by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans ," Korean Journal of Internal Medicine , vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 83-87, 2006. (hindawi.com)
  • Cryptococcosis is a systemic infectious disease mainly caused by fungal species from the Cryptococcus genus. (frontiersin.org)
  • People who suffer from AIDS or who are receiving immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant are at risk of contracting cryptococcosis , the disease for which a C. neoformans infection is the cause [1]. (ubc.ca)
  • T. G. Mitchell and J. R. Perfect, "Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS-100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans ," Clinical Microbiology Reviews , vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 515-548, 1995. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitchell TG, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS - 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
  • In this study, 2,3-dihydro-1 H -indolizinium alkaloid-prosopilosidine (PPD), that was isolated from Prosopis glandulosa , was evaluated against C. neoformans in a murine model of cryptococcosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Protection against Experimental Cryptococcosis following Vaccination with Glucan Particles Containing Cryptococcus Alkaline Extracts. (umassmed.edu)
  • No recognition of the Cryptococcus neoformans colonies developed in culture media usually employed for the bacteriologic diagnosis can cause a lack of cryptococcosis' diagnosis, when this disease is not suspected or develops from unusual samples. (scielo.org.ar)
  • First, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)-reactive mouse and human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) prolong survival in lethal experimental cryptococcosis in mice, and B-cell deficiency alters the pathogenesis of C. neoformans in mice (reviewed in reference 7 ). (asm.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a spherical, encapsulated, basidiomycetous yeast and the causative agent of cryptococcosis, a form of meningitis that affects the central nervous system of immunocompromised individuals (immunocompromised means patients with compromised immune systems). (uncg.edu)
  • Upon exposure to C. neoformans patients may develop a disease known as cryptococcosis, a condition associated with pulmonary infections that may result in lethal meningoencephalitis. (uncg.edu)
  • This case study reports the anatomopathology of respiratory cryptococcosis in ovine and the recuperation and identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (usda.gov)
  • Cryptococcosis is caused by the fungal genus Cryptococcus. (elsevier.com)
  • This article reviews innate and adaptive immune responses to C. neoformans, with an emphasis on recent studies on the role of B cells, natural IgM and Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms in resistance to cryptococcosis. (elsevier.com)
  • Animal studies confirm the importance of SRE1 for C. neoformans to adapt to the host environment and to cause fatal meningoencephalitis, thereby identifying the SREBP pathway as a therapeutic target for cryptococcosis. (northwestern.edu)
Infection33
  • However, fungal meningitis and encephalitis, especially as a secondary infection for AIDS patients, are often caused by C. neoformans, making it a particularly dangerous fungus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In human infection, C. neoformans is spread by inhalation of aerosolized basidiospores, and can disseminate to the central nervous system, where it can cause meningoencephalitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once C. neoformans spores have been inhaled, infection begins. (kenyon.edu)
  • When you share what it's like to have cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection through your profile, those stories and data appear here too. (patientslikeme.com)
  • Got a question about living with cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection? (patientslikeme.com)
  • Who has cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection on PatientsLikeMe? (patientslikeme.com)
  • Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. (asm.org)
  • Sequential C. neoformans isolates from patients with chronic or relapsing infection had very similar karyotypes. (asm.org)
  • S. Xie, R. Sao, A. Braun, and E. J. Bottone, "Difference in Cryptococcus neoformans cellular and capsule size in sequential pulmonary and meningeal infection: a postmortem study," Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease , vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 49-52, 2012. (hindawi.com)
  • During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. (frontiersin.org)
  • Vaccination and infection can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies to the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. (rupress.org)
  • Antibody isotype and epitope specificity are important in determining the ability to prolong survival in mice given a lethal C. neoformans infection. (rupress.org)
  • Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: Variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome. (springer.com)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is eradicated by macrophages via production of NO. Unmethylated CpG-ODN protect mice from infection with this fungal pathogen by inducing IFN-γ. (wiley.com)
  • We sought to determine the role of Notch signaling in C. neoformans infection. (jimmunol.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes meningoencephalitis in normal individuals but more frequently presents as an opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS, leukemia, lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin lymphoma, or sarcoidosis and in transplant recipients. (humpath.com)
  • Many of these patients receive high-dose corticosteroids, a major risk factor for Cryptococcus infection. (humpath.com)
  • Most infections with C. neoformans consist of a lung infection. (humpath.com)
  • However, fungal meningitis, especially as a secondary infection for AIDS patients, is often caused by C. neoformans making it a particularly dangerous fungus. (humpath.com)
  • As an infectious fungus that affects the respiratory tract, Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) commonly causes asymptomatic pulmonary infection. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Results from experimental mouse models and human cases of cryptococcal meningitis have indicated that C. neoformans infection may also spread to the brain ( 4 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To defend against C. neoformans infection in the initial phase, the host employs several types of innate immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils, which phagocytize invading fungi and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen species (RNS) and chlorine species to aid in host protection ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Latent infection, and new exposure from inhalation of environmental C. neoformans are just some factors as to why people come down with disease. (ubc.ca)
  • We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • With this study we hope to identify a group of molecules of innate immunity which influence the risk and severity of invasive C neoformans infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Patients diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans infection will be identified from a data base overseen by Dr. Peter Pappas. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The prostate gland is a common site for persistent and recurrent Cryptococcus neoformans infection after amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1, 2). (annals.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycetous yeast capable of causing fatal infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, including a prevalence of infection of up to 15% of patients with AIDS ( 9 , 21 ). (asm.org)
  • The most common clinical manifestation of C. neoformans infection, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, is usually incurable in immunocompromised patients despite antifungal therapy ( 9 , 21 ). (asm.org)
  • The vast majority of infection with cryptococcal species occurs with Cryptococcus neoformans in the severely immunocompromised. (semanticscholar.org)
  • It causes a serious infection which we can treat, but it is still associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and is correctly called the sugar-coated killer In C. neoformans , all the keys are in place to unlock the mysteries of what it means to be a fungal pathogen. (asmscience.org)
  • Piersiala K, Loroch A, Dadej D, Kaik J, Rozpłochowski B, Mozer-Lisewska I. A case of severe meningoencephalitis co-infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Treponema pallidum in an HIV-positive patient. (termedia.pl)
  • Contrary to the simple expectation that immunosuppression would exacerbate infection, as it does in human patients, CsA instead protected mice from C.neoformans infection. (embopress.org)
Grubii5
  • grubii and C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
  • grubii , serotype A (3), C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
  • grubii / neoformans has been isolated worldwide ratories, and 3) to apply PCR fingerprinting and URA5 RFLP from soil enriched with avian excreta (4,5). (cdc.gov)
  • C. neoformans v. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans v. neoformans (serotype D). Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans . (kenyon.edu)
  • neoformans (D). It is the variations grubii and neoformans that are most commonly associated with disease. (ubc.ca)
Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans9
  • We conducted a genome-wide analysis of the roles of mutation and selection in sculpting intron size in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (genome.jp)
  • Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (rupress.org)
  • N. Mozaffarian, A. Casadevall, and J. W. Berman, "Inhibition of human endothelial cell chemokine production by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans ," Journal of Immunology , vol. 165, no. 3, pp. 1541-1547, 2000. (hindawi.com)
  • India ink stain to reveal the polysaccharide capsule on yeast cells of the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (ubc.ca)
  • and the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans , the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis, which is responsible for 15% of all HIV-related deaths. (ubc.ca)
  • Cell wall chitosan is necessary for virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
  • The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has several virulence factors, among which the most important is a polysaccharide capsule. (elsevier.com)
  • We find that growth of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is sensitive to CsA and FK506 at 37°C but not at 24°C, suggesting that CsA and FK506 inhibit a protein required for C.neoformans growth at elevated temperature. (embopress.org)
Serotype6
  • This enzyme has now been confirmed to play a role in the virulence of C. neoformans serotype A. Disease caused by C. n. var. (nih.gov)
  • The larger number of genotype VNI iso- mans , serotype D, C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
  • Adenine auxotrophs from a clinical isolate of C. neoformans serotype A were complemented by the cryptococcal phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase gene (ade2) with a biolistic DNA delivery system. (asm.org)
  • It has been observed that clinical as well as environmental isolates of C . neoformans are predominantly MATα ( 16 ), and it has been shown that among serotype D strains, MATα cells are more virulent than MATa cells in the murine model ( 17 ). (rupress.org)
  • The structures of C. neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) (serotype B) and galactoxylomannan (GalXM) are shown. (pnas.org)
  • neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. (who.int)
Abstract2
  • ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast causing around 600 000 deaths annually. (cuni.cz)
  • abstract = "Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. (northwestern.edu)
Species12
  • gattii, was defined as a distinct species, Cryptococcus gattii. (wikipedia.org)
  • A new species name, Cryptococcus deneoformans, is used for the former C. neoformans var. (wikipedia.org)
  • A third variety, once known as C. neoformans v. gattii , is now considered a distinct species, Cryptococcus gattii . (kenyon.edu)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is the species with the higher prevalence among HIV + patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Flucytosine primary resistance in Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
  • Mebendazole was also active against the C. neoformans sibling species, C. gattii . (frontiersin.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis and genotyping studies have revealed significant genetic diversity within the pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans / Cryptococcus gattii species complex. (scielo.br)
  • A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. (umassmed.edu)
  • At least 38 Cryptococcus species other than C . neoformans have been described, and C . neoformans is the only species that can consistently grow at mammalian body temperatures and is the only common human pathogen ( 9 ). (asm.org)
  • The pathogenic species of Cryptococcus are a major cause of mortality owing to severe infections in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. (duke.edu)
  • Our data provide a deeper understanding of the microevolution of Cryptococcus species under pressure from antifungal chemotherapy and host immune responses. (duke.edu)
  • This investigation clearly suggests a promising strategy to identify novel targets for improved diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.IMPORTANCE Opportunistic infections caused by species of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus lead to chronic meningoencephalitis and continue to ravage thousands of patients with HIV/AIDS. (duke.edu)
Isolates9
  • Most isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans are haploid. (kenyon.edu)
  • The electrophoretic karyotypes of 32 clinical and 3 environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from New York City were studied by contour clamped homogeneous electrophoresis. (asm.org)
  • This created a little bit of confusion and the name was C. neoformans was finally decided upon to describe all the isolates [4]. (ubc.ca)
  • Microevolution of Serial Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (duke.edu)
  • In this study, we collected isolates of Cryptococcus from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 18 patients at the time of their diagnosis and when they relapsed several months later. (duke.edu)
  • These analyses revealed that the relapsing isolates manifested multiple genetic and chromosomal changes that affected a variety of genes implicated in the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus or resistance to fluconazole. (duke.edu)
  • The in vitro activities of three antifungal drugs alone and in combination were evaluated against five isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans using time-kill curves (TKC). (aspergillus.org.uk)
  • neoformans (A and D serotypes) isolates could produce pigment from indoles than could those of var. (mysciencework.com)
  • Isolates of C. neoformans were collected during active laboratory-based surveillance, the first batch from April 2000 to March 2001 (134 new cases), the second batch from April 2001 to March 2002 (268 new cases). (oup.com)
Fungus20
  • Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • So, C. neoformans is sometimes referred to as an opportunistic fungus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus responsible for serious disease in immunocompromised individuals. (genetics.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like fungus which causes life-threatening infections in patients that are immunocompromised. (patientslikeme.com)
  • The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), lysophospholipase hydrolase and lysophospholipase transacylase activities. (nih.gov)
  • The heterothallic basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has two mating types, MAT a and MAT α. (mdpi.com)
  • In 1894, a little bit of fermented peach juice introduced the world to an encapsulated yeast-like fungus that we now call C. neoformans [2] (see Figure 1). (ubc.ca)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans ( Cn ) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replication inside macrophages. (pnas.org)
  • Xylose-containing glycans are particularly abundant in plants and in the polysaccharide capsule that is the major virulence factor of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (pnas.org)
  • We have examined synthesis of this compound in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (pnas.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans (formerly known as Torula histolytica) is an encapsulated yeast-like fungus found in dried avian (particularly pigeon) and bat excreta, and in dust contaminated with such droppings. (humpath.com)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans ( C . neoformans ) is the most common fungus to cause meningoencephalitis in the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For Cryptococcus , iron sensing actually triggers formation of a major virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule that protects the fungus from the host immune system. (ubc.ca)
  • When C. neoformans cells are inhaled by a human, the fungus is immediately exposed to human body temperature," she shares. (ubc.ca)
  • A partial-genome microarray was used to profile gene expression in the human-pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans during growth at 37°C. Genes with orthologs involved in stress responses were induced during growth at 37°C, suggesting that a conserved transcriptional program is used by C. neoformans to alter gene expression during stressful conditions. (asm.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that is an important cause of CNS infections among immunocompromised patients, but it has only sporadically been reported in non-HIV-positive persons. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • An important virulence factor of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is its polysaccharide capsule. (eurekaselect.com)
  • These results suggest that the HIV-1 gp41-I90 enhances C. neoformans binding with HBMEC via gp41-I90-induced membrane activities, revealing a potential mechanism for this pathogenic fungus to invade the brain tissues of HIV-1-infected patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Part one of this thesis will detail the first research project which sought to characterise the contribution of the enzyme phospholipase B to the intercellular lifecycle employed by the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans which has the ability to survive within the phagolysosome of immune cell macrophages. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a heterothallic basidiomycetous fungus with several features that make it ideally suited for studies of fungal pathogenesis. (embopress.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid2
  • To assess CNLAC1 transcription, RNA was extracted from C. neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits. (rupress.org)
  • The antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined. (oup.com)
Cryptococcal meningitis3
  • Human studies have shown associations between cryptococcal meningitis and reduced IgM memory B cell levels, and studies in IgM- and/or B cell-deficient mice have demonstrated increased Cryptococcus neoformans dissemination from lungs to brain. (asm.org)
  • Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes high rates of HIV-related mortality, yet the Cryptococcus factors influencing patient outcome are not well understood. (asm.org)
  • In Southeast Asia, cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent individuals is well-described and is almost always due to the C. neoformans ST5 (VNIa-5) lineage. (open.ac.uk)
Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans2
  • Identification of App1 as a regulator of phagocytosis and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
  • Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. (rupress.org)
Basidiomycetous6
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in normal as well as immunocompromised individuals ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
  • The sexual state of C . neoformans is characterized by the formation of dikaryotic hyphae, which possess typical basidiomycetous clamp connections and bear terminal basidia. (rupress.org)
  • Infections with the human pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans are often treated with fluconazole. (asm.org)
  • In conclusion, our phenome-based functional analysis of the C. neoformans TF mutant library provides key insights into transcriptional networks of basidiomycetous fungi and human fungal pathogens. (pasteur.fr)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast with clinical importance due to its role as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. (uncg.edu)
  • In this study, we identified the role of the LINC complex in kinetochore dynamics as well as in nuclear migration in a basidiomycetous yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans , a human pathogen. (asm.org)
Macrophages9
  • In the lungs, C. neoformans cells are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, some C. neoformans cells can survive intracellularly in macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of C. neoformans on the synthesis of NO by alveolar macrophages. (wiley.com)
  • These results revealed that C. neoformans suppressed the synthesis of NO by CpG-ODN and IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages in a fashion independent of capsular polysaccharides, although the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. (wiley.com)
  • The polysaccharide capsule of C. neoformans is a major virulence factor, preventing phagocytosis of cryptococci by alveolar macrophages . (humpath.com)
  • Complement and mannose receptors on the surface of macrophages mediate the phagocytosis of C. neoformans ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Prolifération de Cryptococcus neoformans dans des macrophages murins. (pasteur.fr)
  • This project used cell culture and microscopy techniques as well as whole cell lipidomic analysis and found that many aspects of Cryptococcus neoformans parasitism of macrophages are modified by phospholipase B activity. (bham.ac.uk)
  • The effect of Cryptococcus neoformans on the accumulation of nitrite, an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, was investigated in cytokine (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin [IL]-1)-stimulated cultures of rat peritoneal macrophages and C6 astrocytoma cells. (eurekamag.com)
Meningoencephalitis5
  • Importantly, C. neoformans has a unique predilection for neural tissue and causes severe and often fatal meningoencephalitis. (springer.com)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans , the major etiological agent of fungal meningoencephalitis, also utilizes melanin as a key virulence factor. (asm.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans, but its overall biological and pathogenic regulatory circuits remain elusive, particularly due to the presence of an evolutionarily divergent set of transcription factors (TFs). (pasteur.fr)
  • In order to cause meningoencephalitis, C. neoformans cells must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis, but the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low-oxygen environment in the brain have not been investigated. (northwestern.edu)
Filobasidiella2
  • Filobasidiella neoformans is the teleomorph (sexual state). (kenyon.edu)
  • Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
Pathogenesis4
  • Traversal of the blood-brain barrier by C. neoformans plays a key role in meningitis pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dynamic virulence: real-time assessment of intracellular pathogenesis links Cryptococcus neoformans phenotype with clinical outcome. (umassmed.edu)
  • Thermally regulated dimorphism occurs in Cryptococcus neoformans during mating and haploid fruiting and in self-fertile diploid strains but is not a requirement for pathogenesis ( 4 , 47 ). (asm.org)
  • Our findings demonstrate that calcineurin is required for C.neoformans virulence and may define signal transduction elements required for fungal pathogenesis that could be targets for therapeutic intervention. (embopress.org)
Capsule13
  • The recognition of C. neoformans in Gram-stained smears of purulent exudates may be hampered by the presence of the large gelatinous capsule which apparently prevents definitive staining of the yeast-like cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • When grown as a yeast, C. neoformans has a prominent capsule composed mostly of polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
  • India ink stain of Cryptococcus neosporans showing the presence of a capsule. (kenyon.edu)
  • Among pathogenic fungi, C. neoformans is unique in that it possesses a mucinous capsule. (kenyon.edu)
  • O. Zaragoza and A. Casadevall, "Experimental modulation of capsule size in Cryptococcus neoformans ," Biological Procedures Online , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10-15, 2004. (hindawi.com)
  • Toward an integrated model of capsule regulation in Cryptococcus neoformans ," PLoS Pathogens , vol. 7, no. 12, Article ID e1002411, 2011. (hindawi.com)
  • The main phenotypic feature of C. neoformans is a capsule that surrounds the cell body ( Benham, 1935 ) which confers physical, biochemical, and immunological properties to this microorganism. (frontiersin.org)
  • A highly virulent strain of C. neoformans with thick capsule suppressed the production of NO. Capsular polysaccharides were not essential for this suppression, because there was no difference between acapsular mutant (Cap67) and its parent strain. (wiley.com)
  • McFadden DC, De Jesus M, Casadevall A. The physical properties of the capsular polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans suggest features for capsule construction. (springer.com)
  • Complementation of a capsule-deficient mutation of Cryptococcus neoformans restores its virulence. (asm.org)
  • Virulence factors for C. neoformans that have been genetically defined include (i) the ability to synthesize the antioxidant pigment melanin, (ii) the production of an antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule, (iii) urease and phospholipase production, and (iv) the ability to survive and proliferate at 37°C ( 13 , 14 , 37 , 45 ). (asm.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is unique among pathogenic fungi, because it possesses a polysaccharide capsule that is essential for virulence. (asm.org)
  • however, this pathway may indeed play a role in the formation of certain virulence factors for Cryptococcus, including the transcription of heat stress response genes required for thermotolerance, oxidative stress response genes such as those required for melanin and mannitol biosynthesis, as well as the formation of the polysaccharide capsule. (uncg.edu)
Fungi5
  • Studies suggest that colonies of C. neoformans and related fungi growing on the ruins of the melted down reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant may be able to use the energy of radiation for "radiotrophic" growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The analysis for C. neoformans can be performed in the typical 6-10 day turn around for viable cultures, but the test requires special media that do not allow other fungi to be reliably recovered or identified. (emsl.com)
  • The disease is caused by fungi belonging to the Cryptococcus genus. (scielo.br)
  • Since C. neoformans can be found in the environment (soil, bird excreta, and trees) and is acquired through the air we breathe, she looks at a group of proteins that help fungi adapt to temperature stress. (ubc.ca)
  • Eumelanins produced by pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans fungi are virulence factors that render the fungal cells resistant to host defenses and certain antifungal drugs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Clinical6
  • Moreover, the virulence of environmental C. neoformans can be upregulated by clinical strains of that lineage. (open.ac.uk)
  • This report describes the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of a pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. (scielo.br)
  • Diagnosis of fungal pneumonia by C. neoformans was based on clinical, pathological, and molecular findings. (scielo.br)
  • Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of granulomatous pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. (scielo.br)
  • The objective of this study was to examine in vitro the patterns of mutation to fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans , to help clarify the observed clinical findings and to evaluate the use of the MIC as a possible indicator for the development of resistance. (asm.org)
  • Is fluconazole resistance (FLU-R) in Cryptococcus neoformans predictive of clinical outcome? (aspergillus.org.uk)
Polysaccharide4
  • For identification in tissue, mucicarmine stain provides specific staining of polysaccharide cell wall in C. neoformans. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. neoformans can undergo phenotypic switching, which leads to changes in the structure and size of the cap-sule polysaccharide, providing a means to evade immune responses. (humpath.com)
  • In response to the host innate immune response, C. neoformans activates virulence factors, including polysaccharide capsules and melanin pigment, to resist phagocytosis and avoid clearance ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Total immunoglobulin levels were measured by immunodiffusion, and Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)-specific serum antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (asm.org)
Yeasts2
  • The differentiation of C. neoformans from other yeasts is based on biochemistry rather than direct observation and as such requires viable cultures of the organism. (emsl.com)
  • Fluconazole is currently the most widely used antifungal drug for maintenance therapy because it can be given orally, lacks major side effects, penetrates the central nervous system, and has broad efficacy against most pathogenic yeasts, including C. neoformans ( 5 , 9 ). (asm.org)
Opportunistic pathogen2
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogen that primarily afflicts immunocompromised patients. (embopress.org)
Antifungal3
  • neoformans by an increased incidence of cryptococcomas in lung and brain, increased neurological morbidity and a slower response to antifungal therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Mebendazole showed antifungal activity against phagocytized C. neoformans , affected cryptococcal biofilms profoundly and caused marked morphological alterations in C. neoformans , including reduction of capsular dimensions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Understanding how chromosome segregation occurs in C. neoformans may bring about better therapies: if it can be shown that homologous proteins perform the same actions in Cryptococcus as they do in other organisms then these proteins may potentially become targets for future studies to determine the mechanism linking the presence of antifungal chemicals to aneuploidy. (uncg.edu)
Immunity4
  • Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen in individuals with impaired T cell-mediated immunity. (jimmunol.org)
  • C. neoformans infects both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, but disease is generally expressed when the host has impaired immunity. (asm.org)
  • Intact T-cell-mediated immunity is required for resistance to C. neoformans ( 5 ), but T-cell deficiency is insufficient to account for the high incidence of disease in HIV-infected individuals (discussed in reference 8 ). (asm.org)
  • In contrast to the incontrovertible role of CD4 + T cells in immunity to C. neoformans , the importance of B cells and antibody is unknown. (asm.org)
Protein9
  • Specific modulation of protein expression through introduction of double-stranded RNA thus operates in C. neoformans , which is the first demonstration of this technique in a fungal organism. (genetics.org)
  • A soluble 47-kDa protein derived from bacteria expressing the C. neoformans gene catalyzed conversion of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose, as confirmed by NMR analysis. (pnas.org)
  • Cross talk between the cell wall integrity and cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
  • We characterized Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant antiphagocytic protein 1 (rApp1) by SDS-PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. (springer.com)
  • Williams V, Del Poeta M. Role of glucose in the expression of Cryptococcus neoformans antiphagocytic protein 1, App1. (springer.com)
  • We have partially characterized, purified, and N-terminal amino acid sequenced a protein of approximately 80kDa from Cryptococcus neoformans . (go.jp)
  • Because Cryptococcus neoformans does not possess an iron-scavenging ligand, siderophore, we suggest that an alternative transferrin-like molecule (the 80kDa protein) may play a role in iron uptake by this organism. (go.jp)
  • When cells were pretreated with cytokines for 24 h to induce iNOS, and any further induction was prevented by inhibition of protein synthesis, C. neoformans was still able to reduce nitrite accumulation in cultures of both cell types. (eurekamag.com)
  • Low oxygen decreased sterol synthesis in C. neoformans and triggered activation of membrane-bound Sre1p by the cleavage-activating protein, Scp1p. (northwestern.edu)
Melanin6
  • In this study, we systematically analyzed melanin-regulating signaling pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans and identified four melanin-regulating core transcription factors (TFs), Bzp4, Usv101, Mbs1, and Hob1, required for induction of the laccase gene ( LAC1 ). (asm.org)
  • Thus, this report provides comprehensive insight into the melanin-regulating pathways in C. neoformans and other fungal pathogens. (asm.org)
  • We demonstrated that the aliphatic moieties of solid C. neoformans melanin ghosts include cell-wall components derived from polysaccharides and/or chitin that are associated proximally with lipid membrane constituents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • To assess the relationship between melanin production by Cryptococcus neoformans and virulence on a molecular basis, we asked: (a) is CNLAC1, the laccase structural gene of C. neoformans, expressed in vivo? (rupress.org)
  • Utilization of indole compounds by Cryptococcus neoformans to produce a melanin-like pigment. (mysciencework.com)
  • Several indoles served as substrates for the phenoloxidase of Cryptococcus neoformans and resulted in the production of a melanin-like pigment. (mysciencework.com)
Infections5
  • Most infections with C. neoformans occur in the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. neoformans can establish latent infections accompanied by granuloma formation but can reactivate in immunosuppressed hosts. (humpath.com)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening infections of the human central nervous system (CNS) ( 7 , 52 ). (asm.org)
  • A significant exception to this is the infections of those with apparently normal immune systems by Cryptococcus gattii. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Of serious concern is an increased incidence of C.neoformans infections in AIDS patients who, following treatment, require lifelong suppressive therapy to prevent relapse. (embopress.org)
Susceptibility2
  • Multicenter evaluation of broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans against fluconazole. (springer.com)
  • Currie BP, Ghannoum M, Bessen L, Casadevall A. Decreased fluconazole susceptibility of a relapse Cryptococcus neoform-ans isolate after fluconazole treatment. (springer.com)
Microbiology2
  • J. Stie and D. Fox, "Blood-brain barrier invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans is enhanced by functional interactions with plasmin," Microbiology , vol. 158, part 1, pp. 240-258, 2012. (hindawi.com)
  • Crytptococcus neoformans induces alterations in cytoskeleton of human rain microvascular endothelial cells," Journal of Medical Microbiology , vol. 52, pp. 961-970, 2003. (hindawi.com)
Resistance8
  • 5-fluorocytosine resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
  • Scatter plot of fluconazole MIC and mutation rate to fluconazole resistance for 21 strains of C. neoformans . (asm.org)
  • This study investigated the patterns of mutation to fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans in vitro. (asm.org)
  • These results suggest that dynamic and heterogeneous mutational processes are involved in generating fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans . (asm.org)
  • We defined fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans as an MIC of ≥32 μg/ml by the NCCLS standard in vitro protocol ( 23 ). (asm.org)
  • With the present methods, FLU resistance in Cryptococcus may be clinically misleading. (aspergillus.org.uk)
  • 1995. Role of tumor necrosis factor and gamma interferon in acquired resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans in the central nervous system of mice. (asmscience.org)
  • Nevertheless, in vitro resistance of C. neoformans to fluconazole appeared to be linked to extended maintenance treatments. (oup.com)
Meningitis6
  • C. neoformans causes fatal meningitis primarily in immunosuppressed humans [3] . (kenyon.edu)
  • The encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans ( Cn ) causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
  • C . neoformans is a basidomycete that is the most common cause of fungal meningitis. (asm.org)
  • We present a fatal case of C. neoformans meningitis in a diabetic patient which emphasizes the perils of an overzealous immune response. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • Clinicians need to consider Cryptococcus neoformans and syphilis in the differential diagnosis of neurological disorders, particularly aseptic meningitis, as early diagnosis and treatment lead to a better prognosis. (termedia.pl)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast ubiquitous in nature which, when it infects humans, typically causes pulmonary disease and occasionally meningitis [1]. (who.int)
Pulmonary1
  • Contributions of the MyD88-dependent receptors IL-18R, IL-1R, and TLR9 to host defenses following pulmonary challenge with Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
Immune7
  • C. neoformans is responsible for serious disease in the setting of immune compromise. (pnas.org)
  • These mechanisms are not very effective when C. neoformans infects hosts with intact immune defenses, but they can lead to disseminated disease in immunosuppressed individuals. (humpath.com)
  • C. neoformans utilizes a number of strategies to overcome the anti‑fungal mechanisms of the host innate immune system and cross the BBB. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present review, the defensive mechanisms of C. neoformans against the innate immune system and its ability to cross the BBB were discussed, with an emphasis on recent insights into the activities of anti‑phagocytotic and anti‑oxidative factors in C. neoformans. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present review summarized the current understanding of the anti-innate immune response strategies utilized by C. neoformans and the mechanism involved in cryptococcal BBB traversal. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Innate immune responses restrict the growth and invasion of C. neoformans in mammalian hosts ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The presence of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and abnormalities in numerous systemic indicators of inflammation in diabetics makes it conceivable that diabetics mount an exaggerated immune response to C. neoformans (paradoxical to their defective immune state) leading to grave outcomes. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Molecular8
  • In recent years Cryptococcus has been developed as an experimental system, with advances in molecular techniques enabling detailed investigation of virulence factors and interactions with the mammalian host. (genetics.org)
  • Reference strain of VN IV, AFLP2 molecular type of C. neoformans . (atcc.org)
  • These results demonstrate a clear molecular link between mating type and virulence in C . neoformans . (rupress.org)
  • The molecular analysis of hyphae production in MATα C . neoformans has resulted in the identification of a gene named STE12α whose sequence displays similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 gene ( 6 ). (rupress.org)
  • Solid-state NMR Reveals the Carbon-based Molecular Architecture of Cryptococcus neoformans Fungal Eumelanins in the Cell Wall. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Because of their insoluble and amorphous characteristics, neither the pigment bonding framework nor the cellular interactions underlying melanization of C. neoformans have yielded to comprehensive molecular-scale investigation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans has several well-characterized virulence phenotypes which have been approached in their understanding by both genetic and molecular tools. (asmscience.org)
  • The molecular biology concerning cellular reproduction and division in C. neoformans is poorly understood for such an important fungal pathogen. (uncg.edu)
Morphological1
  • Morphological progression of bisexual reproduction in C. neoformans is as follows: yeast to hyphal transition, filament extension, basidium formation, meiosis, and sporulation. (mdpi.com)
Immunocompetent3
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal organism and it can cause disease in apparently immunocompetent, as well as immunocompromised, hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast known to cause disease in both immunosuppressed as well as seemingly immunocompetent hosts. (springer.com)
  • Orni-Wasserlauf R, Izkhakov E, Siegman-Igra Y, Bash E, Polacheck I, Giladi M. Fluconazole-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from an immunocompetent patient without prior exposure to fluconazole. (springer.com)
Vitro2
  • We have previously demonstrated that the HIV-1 gp41 enhances C. neoformans binding to HBMEC in vitro and increase C. neoformans brain invasion in vivo [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. neoformans strains isolated from CSF of AIDS patients in Cambodia remain susceptible in vitro to amphotericin B. These strains are less susceptible in vitro to fluconazole, 2.5% being resistant in the first year and 14% in the second year of study. (oup.com)
Gene9
  • However, investigations of Cryptococcus are hampered by the technical difficulty of specific gene replacements. (genetics.org)
  • One recently developed method for downregulating gene function that may facilitate studies in C. neoformans is double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi). (genetics.org)
  • We cloned a phospholipase-encoding gene (PLB1) from C. neoformans and constructed plb1 mutants using targeted gene disruption. (nih.gov)
  • Phenotypic results showed that, although deletion of C. neoformans CRK1 gene increased the efficiency of bisexual mating, filamentation in the crk1 mutant was blocked by MAT2 or ZNF2 mutation. (mdpi.com)
  • Gene transfer in Cryptococcus neoformans by use of biolistic delivery of DNA. (asm.org)
  • This system has the potential for targeted gene disruption, and its efficiency will also allow for screening of DNA libraries within C. neoformans. (asm.org)
  • The Cryptococcus neoformans STE12 α gene, a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 , exists only in mating type ( MAT ) α cells. (rupress.org)
  • The C . neoformans STE12α gene, while having conserved roles in morphogenesis, has one striking difference from the S . cerevisiae STE12 gene: it is found only in MATα cells ( 6 ). (rupress.org)
  • Genetic evidence supports a model in which immunophilin-drug complexes inhibit calcineurin to prevent growth at 37°C. The gene encoding the C.neoformans calcineurin A catalytic subunit was cloned and disrupted by homologous recombination. (embopress.org)
Macrophage4
  • One mechanism by which C. neoformans survives the hostile intracellular environment of the macrophage involves upregulation of expression of genes involved in responses to oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alterations of zinc homeostasis in response to Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine macrophage cell line. (semanticscholar.org)
  • How does the expression of phospholipase B influence the host pathogen relationship between Cryptococcus neoformans and the macrophage? (bham.ac.uk)
  • C. neoformans-mediated reduction of nitrite formation coincided with impairment of NO-dependent macrophage tumoricidal activity. (eurekamag.com)
Organism2
  • Over the years, the organism Sanfelice first isolated has been re-isolated and given all sorts of names, from Saccharomyces hominis, Cryptococcus hominis and Torula histolytica, all the way to Debaryamyces hominis. (ubc.ca)
  • Serotyping of the organism has identified 3 main varieties: C. neoformans var. (who.int)
Serotypes1
  • gattii , serotypes B and lates agrees with the fact that C. neoformans var. (cdc.gov)
Phenotypic2
  • Our genetic and phenotypic findings revealed that C. neoformans GAT1 and CRK1 formed a regulatory circuit to negatively regulate MAT2 to control filamentation progression and transition during bisexual mating. (mdpi.com)
  • The genotypic and phenotypic data for each TF are available in the C. neoformans TF phenome database (http://tf.cryptococcus.org). (pasteur.fr)
Genes1
  • Use of RNA interference in Cryptococcus should allow manipulation of mRNA levels for functional analysis of genes of interest and enable efficient exploration of genes discovered by genome sequencing. (genetics.org)
Patients2
  • almost all disease occurs in immunosuppressed patients due to C. neoformans . (open.ac.uk)
  • C. neoformans is present in the soil and in bird (particularly pigeon) droppings and infects patients when it is inhaled. (humpath.com)
Cells7
  • C. neoformans has a defined sexual cycle involving mating between cells of the MATa and MATα types. (kenyon.edu)
  • If you examined Cryptococcus neoformans under a microscope you would see round or oval shaped yeast cells, which are often referred to as 'basidiomycete' yeast. (ubc.ca)
  • Sexual reproduction in C. neoformans begins when two cells, each carrying one complement of their genetic information (a state in which they are called haploid), encounter one another and, as a result, fuse. (ubc.ca)
  • As these haploid spores are released to produce more cells the life cycle of C. neoformans will continue. (ubc.ca)
  • This study used the C. neoformans requirement of exogenous obligatory catecholamine precursors for melanization to produce isotopically enriched pigment "ghosts" and applied 2D (13)C-(13)C correlation solid-state NMR to reveal the carbon-based architecture of intact natural eumelanin assemblies in fungal cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Cytokine-induced nitrite generation in cultures of both cell types was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by live C. neoformans, but not by heat-killed cryptococcal cells or conditioned medium from yeast cultures. (eurekamag.com)
  • Finally, live C. neoformans, but not heat-killed yeast cells or yeast culture supernatant, significantly reduced nitrite production in a culture solution of NO-releasing compound S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). (eurekamag.com)
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Frontiers | Stress-Activated Protein Kinases in Human Fungal Pathogens | Cellular and Infection Microbiology (frontiersin.org)
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Figure 3 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging...
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Figure 2 - Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates - Volume 9, Number 2-February 2003 - Emerging...
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Large Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from brain abscess. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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Complex selection on intron size in Cryptococcus neoformans. | Broad Institute
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Susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans: a microdilution technique. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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