Cryptococcus neoformans. Medical search

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.

Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora.

Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.

Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.

Fungal genes that mostly encode TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. In some FUNGI they also encode PHEROMONES and PHEROMONE RECEPTORS. The transcription factors control expression of specific proteins that give a cell its mating identity. Opposite mating type identities are required for mating.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.

Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.

A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

An inflammatory process involving the brain (ENCEPHALITIS) and meninges (MENINGITIS), most often produced by pathogenic organisms which invade the central nervous system, and occasionally by toxins, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions.

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.

A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. EC 3.1.1.5.

A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).

Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)

An extracellular layer outside the cell wall of a fungus composed of polysaccharides. It may serve a protective role amongst others.

Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Family in the order COLUMBIFORMES, comprised of pigeons or doves. They are BIRDS with short legs, stout bodies, small heads, and slender bills. Some sources call the smaller species doves and the larger pigeons, but the names are interchangeable.

Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.

Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.

A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented once. Symbol: N.

Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.

Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.

The enzyme catalyzing the formation of orotidine-5'-phosphoric acid (orotidylic acid) from orotic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate in the course of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. EC 2.4.2.10.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.

A genus of trees of the Myrtaceae family, native to Australia, that yields gums, oils, and resins which are used as flavoring agents, astringents, and aromatics.

Techniques used in microbiology.

The fruiting 'heads' or 'caps' of FUNGI, which as a food item are familiarly known as MUSHROOMS, that contain the FUNGAL SPORES.

A mitosporic Onygenales fungal genus causing HISTOPLASMOSIS in humans and animals. Its single species is Histoplasma capsulatum which has two varieties: H. capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. Its teleomorph is AJELLOMYCES capsulatus.

A genus of onygenacetous mitosporic fungi whose perfect state is Ajellomyces (see ONYGENALES). The species Blastomyces dermatitidis (perfect state Ajellomyces dermatitidis) causes blastomycosis.

A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.

Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urea and water to carbon dioxide and ammonia. EC 3.5.1.5.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.

Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.

A species of free-living soil amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae. It can cause ENCEPHALITIS and KERATITIS in humans.

A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see TRICHOSPORONOSIS) and white PIEDRA.

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1/1887)

A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells. (+info)

In-vivo therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine mycoses of a new formulation of deoxycholate-amphotericin B obtained by mild heating. (2/1887)

Heat-induced 'superaggregation' of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (AmB-DOC, Fungizone) was shown previously to reduce the in-vitro toxicity of this antifungal agent. We compared AmB-DOC with the formulation obtained by heating the commercial form (Fungizone, Bristol Myers Squibb, Paris, France) for 20 min at 70 degrees C, in the treatment of murine infections. An improvement of antifungal activity was obtained with heated AmB-DOC formulations due to a lower toxicity which allowed the administration of higher drug doses than those achievable with the commercial preparation. Single intravenous injections of heated AmB-DOC solutions were demonstrated to be two-fold less toxic than unheated ones to healthy mice. For mice infected with Candida albicans, the maximum tolerated dose was higher with heated than with unheated AmB-DOC solutions. In the model of murine candidiasis, following a single dose of heated AmB-DOC 0.5 mg/kg, 85% of mice survived for 3 weeks, whereas at this dose the immediate toxicity of the standard formulation in infected mice restricted the therapeutic efficacy to 25% survival. Both formulations were equally effective in increasing the survival time for murine cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Injection of heated AmB-DOC solutions at a dose two-fold higher than the maximal tolerated dose observed with the unheated preparation (1.2 mg/kg) increased the survival time by a factor of 1.4 in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. These results indicate that mild heat treatment of AmB-DOC solutions could provide a simple and economical method to improve the therapeutic index of this antifungal agent by reducing its toxicity on mammalian cells. (+info)

Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice. (3/1887)

The virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates with high and low extracellular proteolytic activity was investigated in mice. No consistent relationship between proteolytic activity and virulence was observed, but isolates derived from one strain were shown to elicit different inflammatory responses. (+info)

Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Spain. (4/1887)

We determined biovars and serotypes of 154 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from clinical and environmental sources from different areas of Spain. All clinical isolates belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans. Serotypes showed an irregular distribution. C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B was isolated from necropsy specimens from goats with pulmonary disease. (+info)

Cryptococcus neoformans differential gene expression detected in vitro and in vivo with green fluorescent protein. (5/1887)

Synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a reporter to detect differential gene expression in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Promoters from the C. neoformans actin, GAL7, or mating-type alpha pheromone (MFalpha1) genes were fused to GFP, and the resulting reporter genes were used to assess gene expression in serotype A C. neoformans. Yeast cells containing an integrated pACT::GFP construct demonstrated that the actin promoter was expressed during vegetative growth on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose medium. In contrast, yeast cells containing the inducible GAL7::GFP or MFalpha1::GFP reporter genes expressed significant GFP activity only during growth on galactose medium or V-8 agar, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the GAL7 and MFalpha1 promoters from a serotype D C. neoformans strain function when introduced into a serotype A strain. Because the MFalpha1 promoter is induced by nutrient deprivation and the MATalpha locus containing the MFalpha1 gene has been linked with virulence, yeast cells containing the pMFalpha1::GFP reporter gene were analyzed for GFP expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of immunosuppressed rabbits. In fact, significant GFP expression from the MFalpha1::GFP reporter gene was detected after the first week of a CNS infection. These findings suggest that there are temporal, host-specific cues that regulate gene expression during infection and that the MFalpha1 gene is induced during the proliferative stage of a CNS infection. In conclusion, GFP can be used as an effective and sensitive reporter to monitor specific C. neoformans gene expression in vitro, and GFP reporter constructs can be used as an approach to identify a novel gene(s) or to characterize known genes whose expression is regulated during infection. (+info)

Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a major target of the antibody response in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (6/1887)

Cryptococcus neoformans causes infection in individuals with defective T cell function, such as AIDS, as well as without underlying disease. It has been suggested that humoral as well as cellular immunity might play an important role in the immune response to C. neoformans infection. We have recently shown, using immunoblotting, that the 70-kD hsp family of C. neoformans was the major target molecule of the humoral response in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis. In this study we also used immunoblotting to define the antibody responses in the sera of 24 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis: 21 proven and three suspected diagnoses. Anti-C. neoformans hsp70 antibody was detected in 16 of 24 (66.7%) patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Fourteen of 17 (82.3%) patients with high antigen titres (> or = 1:8) and two of seven (28.6%) patients with low titres (< or = 1:4) had detectable levels of anti-hsp70 antibody. Sera from patients positive for anti-hsp70 antibody showed high titres in the Eiken latex agglutination test for the detection of serum cryptococcal antigen. Our results indicate that the 70-kD hsp family from C. neoformans appears to be a major target molecule of the humoral response, not only in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis, but also in human patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (+info)

Role of the C-C chemokine, TCA3, in the protective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response. (7/1887)

Activated T lymphocytes play a crucial role in orchestrating cellular infiltration during a cell-mediated immune (CMI) reaction. TCA3, a C-C chemokine, is produced by Ag-activated T cells and is chemotactic for neutrophils and macrophages, two cell types in a murine CMI reaction. Using a gelatin sponge model for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), we show that TCA3 is a component of the expression phase of an anticryptococcal CMI response in mice. TCA3 mRNA levels are augmented in anticryptococcal DTH reactions at the same time peak influxes of neutrophils and lymphocytes are observed. Neutralization of TCA3 in immunized mice results in reduced numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes at DTH reaction sites. However, when rTCA3 is injected into sponges in naive mice, only neutrophils are attracted into the sponges, indicating TCA3 is chemotactic for neutrophils, but not lymphocytes. We show that TCA3 is indirectly attracting lymphocytes into DTH-reactive sponges by affecting at least one other chemokine that is chemotactic for lymphocytes. Of the two lymphocyte-attracting chemokines assessed, monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), only MIP-1alpha was reduced when TCA3 was neutralized, indicating that TCA3 affects the levels of MIP-1alpha, which attracts lymphocytes into the sponges. TCA3 also plays a role in protection against Cryptococcus neoformans in the lungs and brains of infected mice, as evidenced by the fact that neutralization of TCA3 results in increased C. neoformans CFU in those two organs. (+info)

Antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins in rodents and humans. (8/1887)

The prevalence and specificity of serum antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins was studied in mice and rats with experimental infection, in individuals with or without a history of potential laboratory exposure to C. neoformans, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who developed cryptococcosis, in matched samples from HIV-positive individuals who did not develop cryptococcosis, and in HIV-negative individuals. Rodents had little or no serum antibody reactive with C. neoformans proteins prior to infection. The intensity and specificity of the rodent antibody response were dependent on the species, the mouse strain, and the viability of the inoculum. All humans had serum antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins regardless of the potential exposure, the HIV infection status, or the subsequent development of cryptococcosis. Our results indicate (i) a high prevalence of antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins in the sera of rodents after cryptococcal infection and in humans with or without HIV infection; (ii) qualitative and quantitative differences in the antibody profiles of HIV-positive individuals; and (iii) similarities and differences between humans, mice, and rats with respect to the specificity of the antibodies reactive with C. neoformans proteins. The results are consistent with the view that C. neoformans infections are common in human populations, and the results have implications for the development of vaccination strategies against cryptococcosis. (+info)

Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Lancet. 336(8720). Akira Sasaki and Yoh Iwasa. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagule

When Cryptococcus neoformans was treated with bafilomycin, growth inhibition was observed. Bafilomycin has also been used in C ... neoformans in conjunction with calcineurin inhibitor FK506, displaying synergistic anti-fungal activity. Bafilomycin has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bafilomycin

Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous fungus that grows as a budding yeast in culture and in an infected host. C. ... "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans". Nature. 434 (7036): 1017-21. Bibcode: ... suggested that one benefit of meiosis in C. neoformans could be to promote DNA repair in a DNA damaging environment that could ... The vast majority of environmental and clinical isolates of C. neoformans are mating type α. Filaments ordinarily have haploid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_of_yeast

She would expose the organisms against two fungi, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. She would then purify promising ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Lee_Hazen

"Mating-Type Locus of Cryptococcus neoformans: a Step in the Evolution of Sex Chromosomes Mating-Type Locus of Cryptococcus ... hordei and in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Virulence success in these two pathogens is highly associated with ... Additionally, in the human pathogen C. neoformans known to outcross under laboratory conditions, both mating types are not ... neoformans in nature. Finally, the fungus causing witches' broom in cacao, Moniliophthora perniciosa, has a primarily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi

Buschke described an infectious disease caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This condition is sometimes referred to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Buschke

It is most often caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jiroveci (pneumocystis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia

Cryptococcus neoformans, some dimorphic fungi, and dermatophytes, among others. Common uses include: The treatment of non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluconazole

Isolates found in PCC include Cryptococcus neoformans (most common), Cryptococcus gattii, and Cryptococcus laurentii. Prognosis ... most often Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii). Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by inhalation of the ... Cryptococcus (both C. neoformans and C. gattii) plays a common role in pulmonary invasive mycosis seen in adults with HIV and ... Cryptococcus gattii causes infections in immunocompetent people (fully functioning immune system), but C. neoformans v. grubii ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcosis

The fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, can be symptomatically manifested within the CNS as meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningoencephalitis

... and Cryptococcus neoformans, which can cause a severe form of meningitis. The typical fungal spore size is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen

Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum The diagnosis of T cell deficiency can be ascertained in those individuals with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell_deficiency

Candida albicans 0.015 - 16 μg/mL Candida krusei 0.03 - 8 μg/mL Cryptococcus neoformans - 16 μg/mL Caspofungin acetate for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspofungin

... in Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungus) melanins appear to play important roles in virulence and pathogenicity by protecting the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin

Aspergillus and Cryptococcus, are also called fungemia. It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungemia

Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis

Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_krusei

Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium species Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) usually Ancylostoma braziliense ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infectious_diseases

Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_humans

Cryptococcus neoformans *Cryptococcosis. *Trichosporon spp. *Trichosporonosis. Zygomycota. (Zygomycosis). Mucorales. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidioides_immitis

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular types". Scientifica ... "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 (3): 387-408. doi:10.1128/CMR. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budding_yeast

"Human salivary histatin-5 exerts potent fungicidal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans". Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histatin

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans JEC21, human pathogen (2005,[98] other strains unpubl.[99]) ... "The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans". Science. 307 (5713): 1321-4. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_fungi_genomes

2006). "Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot". FEMS Yeast Research 6 (4): 463-68. PMID 16696642. doi:10.1111/j. ... človekov patogen Cryptococcus neoformans.[17]. Organizmi podobni glivam[uredi , uredi kodo]. Zaradi podobnosti v morfologiji in ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glive

... phenotypic switching in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans". J. Clin. Invest. 108 (11): 1577-8. doi:10.1172/JCI14497. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotypic_switching

The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, though not a bacterium, has a similar capsule.[12] ... Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR (April 2004). "Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule". Molecular ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_capsule

Fungal causes include Coccidioides immitis (valley fever), Cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcosis), and Blastomyces ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_ulcer

"Cryptococcus neoformans resides in an acidic phagolysosome of human macrophages". Infection and Immunity. 67 (2): 885-890. ISSN ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagolisosom

"The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes". BMC Microbiology. 9: 51. doi:10.1186/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_pathogen

2008). Assessment of antifungal activity of an African medicinal herb Thonningia sanguinea against Cryptococcus neoformans. ... Efficiency of ethanol of Thonningia sanguinea against Cryptococcus neoformans]. Santé. 2007, 17 (4): 219-22. PMID 18299265. doi ... Ouattara B, Kra AM, Coulibaly A, Guede-Guina F. Efficacité de l'extrait éthanolique de Thonningia sanguinea sur Cryptococcus ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/蓮花菰

Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii.. Sorrell TC1.. Author information. 1. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii is emerging as a primary human pathogen which is distinct genetically and biochemically ... This enzyme has now been confirmed to play a role in the virulence of C. neoformans serotype A. Disease caused by C. n. var. ... neoformans. There is increasing evidence that it should be reclassified as a separate species within the Tremellales. In nature ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11346263?dopt=Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC ® 28205™ Designation: VH/10414/72 Application: Biomedical Research and Development Material ... Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (ATCC® 28205™) Alternate State: Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung / Strain ...

https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Fungi_and_Yeast/Biomedical_Strains/28205.aspx

1990 Isolation of the URA5 gene from Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and its use as a selective marker for ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ...

http://www.genetics.org/content/160/2/463

C. neoformans v. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans v. neoformans (serotype D). Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans. A ... Global Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types. Scientifica ... Genetic control of susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. Infect. Immun. 12. Kechichian TB, Shea J, Del Poeta M. ... Fungi pathogenic to humans: Molecular bases of virulence of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus ...

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Cryptococcus_neoformans

Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Tremellomycetes; Tremellales; Cryptococcaceae; Cryptococcus; ...

http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?gn:T01040

During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. It is ... During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. It is ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01423/full

Cryptococcus neoformans Evades Pulmonary Immunity by Modulating Xylose Precursor Transport Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. While C. neoformans affects mainly immunocompromised patients,... ... Lipids Affect the Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interaction and Promote Nonlytic Exocytosis Sabrina J. Nolan, Man Shun Fu ... Human IgM Inhibits the Formation of Titan-Like Cells in Cryptococcus neoformans Human studies have shown associations between ...

https://iai.asm.org/keyword/cryptococcus-neoformans

UDP Glucuronate Decarboxylase and Synthesis of Capsular Polysaccharide in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eric S. Jacobson, William R. ... UDP Glucuronate Decarboxylase and Synthesis of Capsular Polysaccharide in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eric S. Jacobson, William R. ... UDP Glucuronate Decarboxylase and Synthesis of Capsular Polysaccharide in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eric S. Jacobson, William R ... UDP Glucuronate Decarboxylase and Synthesis of Capsular Polysaccharide in Cryptococcus neoformans Message Subject (Your Name) ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/152/2/932?ijkey=22c2a4ad4ddc3d3aad03a076845af1e17024d50b&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... involved in capsule formation which is essential for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans; amino acid sequence given in first ... Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein. Subscribe to New Research on Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein ... involved in capsule formation which is essential for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans; amino acid sequence given in first ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC087781-Cryptococcus-neoformans-CAP59-protein.do

1999) Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubiiseparate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. J. Clin. ... 1976) Morphogenesis of Filobasidiella neoformans, the sexual state of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycologia. 68:821-833, pmid: ... 1990) Isolation of the URA5 gene from Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and its use as a selective marker for ... Cryptococcus neoformans STE12α Regulates Virulence but Is Not Essential for Mating. Y.C. Chang, B.L. Wickes, G.F. Miller, L.A. ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/191/5/871

Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen in individuals with impaired T cell-mediated ... The role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310). Michal Olszewski, Yafeng Qiu, Ashley Sandy, ... The role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310) ... The role of Notch signaling in host defenses to Cryptococcus neoformans (P3310) ...

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/190/1_Supplement/134.8

Cryptococcus neoformans (formerly known as Torula histolytica) is an encapsulated yeast-like fungus found in (...) ... Cryptococcus neoformans grows as a yeast (unicellular) and replicates by budding.. C. neoformans makes hyphae during mating, ... Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can live in both plants and animals. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella ... Definition: Cryptococcus neoformans (formerly known as Torula histolytica) is an encapsulated yeast-like fungus found in dried ...

http://www.humpath.com/spip.php?article6778

Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) commonly causes asymptomatic pulmonary infection. C. neoformans may target the brain ... Kwon-Chung KJ, Fraser JA, Doering TL, Wang Z, Janbon G, Idnurm A and Bahn YS: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, ... Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is the most common fungus to cause meningoencephalitis in the central nervous system ( ... The primary target organ of Cryptococcus gattii is different from that of Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model. MBio. 3: ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/etm/14/6/5243

Cryptococcus Neoformans Research in the .... Cryptococcus Neoformans Research in the Kronstad Lab. Submitted by lvachon on ... Approaches to research on Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans is one of two fungal pathogens under investigation ... India ink stain to reveal the polysaccharide capsule on yeast cells of the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. ... The Novel J-Domain Protein Mrj1 Is Required for Mitochondrial Respiration and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans). ...

https://microbiology.ubc.ca/news-events/news/kronstad-lab-world-aids-day

Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection in Patients Not Infected With HIV and Complications Associated With Cryptococcus Neoformans ... Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection in Patients Not Infected With HIV and Complications Associated With Cryptococcus Neoformans ... Patients diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans infection will be identified from a data base overseen by Dr. Peter Pappas. ... of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. To ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001701?order=24

Extracellular iron chelation in Cryptococcus neoformans.. Jacobson ES1, Petro MJ.. Author information. 1. Research Service, ... Low-iron minimal medium supported growth of Cryptococcus neoformans but spent medium contained no hydroxamates, organic acids ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3325632?dopt=Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS ...

https://www.msdsonline.com/resources/msds-resources/free-safety-data-sheet-index/cryptococcus-neoformans/

Cryptococcus. › Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. › Cryptococcus neoformans. › Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. See ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii MW-RSA1955. Taxonomy navigation. › Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii ...

https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/1230066

Evaluation of Vitek MS for Differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes Cryptococcus neoformans ... Cryptococcus neoformans Typing by PCR Fingerprinting Using (GACA)4 Primers Based on C. neoformans Genome Project Data Massimo ... Identification of Genotypically Diverse Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Isolates by Luminex xMAP Technology M. ... Molecular Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans Serotypes A. Enache-Angoulvant, J. Chandenier, F. Symoens, P. Lacube, J. ...

https://jcm.asm.org/keyword/cryptococcus-neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC ® MYA-4567™ Designation: WM629 [CBS 10079] Application: Emerging infectious disease research ... Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (ATCC® MYA-4567™) Alternate State: Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung / Strain ... Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med. Mycol. 47(6):561-570, ... Rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of ...

https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Microbial_Panels/Pathogenic_Cryptococcus_Reference_Strains_Panel/MYA-4567.aspx?p=1&rel=%7B0%7D&slp=1

5 patients with cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, and insomnia ... Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection at ... What is cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection?. Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like fungus which causes life- ... 1 a cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection patient reports mild pain (25%). * 0 cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection ...

https://www.patientslikeme.com/conditions/1443-cerebral-cryptococcus-neoformans-infection

... FEMS Yeast Res. 2004 Jan;4(4-5):361-7. doi: 10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00241-1. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14734016/?dopt=Abstract

C. neoformans Gcs1 produces GlcCer. To examine whether the C. neoformansGCS1 gene encodes for GCS, the C. neoformansGCS1 gene ... C. neoformans GCS1 gene encodes for GCS. (A) In vivo labeling of C. neoformans WT, Δgcs1, and Δgcs1 + GCS1 using [3H]-DHS. The ... neoformans, and addition of human antibodies against C. neoformans GlcCer to in vitro C. neoformans culture inhibits cell ... Pathogenesis of cerebralCryptococcus neoformans infection after fungemia. J. Infect. Dis. 186:522-530. View this article via: ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/27890

... Description. Cryptococcus neoformans (teleomorph: Filobasidiella spp.) is ... Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans. Identification of Viable Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology Laboratory ... The main problem with the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans is that it is a nondescript yeast upon primary isolation. While ... Cryptococcosis (an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans) is a trademark secondary infection in AIDS patients and most other ...

https://www.emsl.com/Services.aspx?action=show&TopServiceCategoryID=5&serviceid=114

Cryptococcus neoformans, Genome, Fungal, Introns, Selection, Genetic, Sequence Deletion. Abstract. We conducted a genome-wide ... analysis of the roles of mutation and selection in sculpting intron size in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. We ...

https://www.broadinstitute.org/publications/broad3504

The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), ... Extracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans Mol Microbiol. 2001 Jan;39(1):166-75. ... The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans secretes a phospholipase enzyme that demonstrates phospholipase B (PLB), ... We cloned a phospholipase-encoding gene (PLB1) from C. neoformans and constructed plb1 mutants using targeted gene disruption. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11123698/?dopt=Abstract

Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection.. B C Fries, F Chen, B P Currie, A Casadevall ... Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... The electrophoretic karyotypes of 32 clinical and 3 environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from New York City were ... Sequential C. neoformans isolates from patients with chronic or relapsing infection had very similar karyotypes. However, minor ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/34/6/1531?ijkey=7ba95495bd522c981834175b4f3fcc59e85437ff&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... predominance of Cryptococcus neoformans compared with Cryptococcus gattii," International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. ... I. Bose, A. J. Reese, J. J. Ory, G. Janbon, and T. L. Doering, "A yeast under cover: the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans," ... Y.-Y. Lin, S. Shiau, and C.-T. Fang, "Risk factors for invasive Cryptococcus neoformans diseases: a case-control study," PLoS ... W. S. Cheon, K.-S. Eom, B. K. Yoo et al., "A case of pulmonary cryptococcosis by capsule-deficient Cryptococcus neoformans," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crinm/2016/7381943/ref/

Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(5):762. doi:10.3201/eid1405.e11405.. ... 2008). Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(5), 762. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.e11405.. ... C. neoformans is an encapsulated yeastlike fungus of the family Cryptococcaceae. It was first described in 1894 by German ... Cryptococcus neoformans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(5):762. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.e11405. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/5/e1-1405

"For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology." Medical News ... Hogan, G. (2009, August 20). "For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For ... For Her Work On Cryptococcus Neoformans, Xiaorong Lin To Be Honoured By The American Society For Microbiology. ... C. neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, has a defined sexual cycle with two mating types. In nature and clinical ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/161311.php

C. neoformans Cdk-related kinase 1 (CRK1) is a negative regulator of bisexual mating. In this study, we characterized the ... A bioinformatics survey predicted the C. neoformans GATA transcriptional factor Gat1 as a potential substrate of Crk1 kinase. ... Our genetic and phenotypic findings revealed that C. neoformans GAT1 and CRK1 formed a regulatory circuit to negatively ... Phenotypic results showed that, although deletion of C. neoformans CRK1 gene increased the efficiency of bisexual mating, ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/6/669

The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. ... The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. ... neoformans. To understand the role of VAD1 in virulence, a functional genomics approach was used to identify 3 additional ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/23048/figure/8

Cryptococcus neoformans is pathogen. Cryptococcus neoformans is also an opportunist. Over the past 10 years, infections of this ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: Separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. J Clin Microbiol ... neoformans var. gattii, while the others are known as C. neoformans var. grubii (A) and C. neoformans var. neoformans (D). It ... neoformans and C. neoformans var. gatti. Pathogenic Qualities Cryptococcus as a genus contains approximately 37 species and out ...

https://www.scq.ubc.ca/a-peach-of-a-pathogen-cryptococcus-neoformans/

Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.. G Nussbaum, R Yuan, A Casadevall, M D ... Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.. G Nussbaum, R Yuan, A Casadevall, M D ... Vaccination and infection can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies to the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. The ... The results have important implications for the development of vaccines and passive antibody therapy against C. neoformans. ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/183/4/1905?ijkey=c3fdaab6e99c6b21ad9581dd04aff77a12c0e495&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a ... Does amoeboid reasoning explain the evolution and maintenance of virulence factors in Cryptococcus neoformans? - Dec 18, 2001 ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ... Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/98/26/15245?ijkey=a08101c65839612f02938ab6dff320aa0a5f3450&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

J. R. Perfect, B. Wong, Y. C. Chang, K. J. Kwon-Chung, and P. R. Williamson, "Cryptococcus neoformans: virulence and host ... T. G. Mitchell and J. R. Perfect, "Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS-100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans ... M. Feldmesser, Y. Kress, P. Novikoff, and A. Casadevall, "Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen in ... is important for the pathobiology of Cryptococcus neoformans," Infection and Immunity, vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 3930-3938, 2006. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2008/375620/ref/

Cryptococcus neoformansis an encapsulated yeast known to cause disease in both immunosuppressed as well as seemingly ... In vitro susceptibility of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans isolates from Turkey to six antifungal ... and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(10):2862-2864PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... What makes Cryptococcus neoform-ans a pathogen? Emerg Infect Dis 1998; 4(1):71-83PubMedGoogle Scholar ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-60327-595-8_20

Ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans in Vietnam.. PhD thesis The Open University. Abstract. Cryptococcal meningitis is an ... infection with Cryptococcus species; almost all disease occurs in immunosuppressed patients due to C. neoformans. Cryptococcus ... The aims of this thesis were to: identify the ecological niche of C. neoformans; define the diversity of C. neoformans in ... Environmental sampling yielded 123 cryptococci the majority of which were non-pathogenic. Using the G. mellonella infection ...

http://oro.open.ac.uk/62468/

Cryptococcosis is a systemic infectious disease mainly caused by fungal species from the Cryptococcus genus. (frontiersin.org)
Cryptococcosis is caused by the fungal genus Cryptococcus. (elsevier.com)
This article reviews innate and adaptive immune responses to C. neoformans, with an emphasis on recent studies on the role of B cells, natural IgM and Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms in resistance to cryptococcosis. (elsevier.com)
Animal studies confirm the importance of SRE1 for C. neoformans to adapt to the host environment and to cause fatal meningoencephalitis, thereby identifying the SREBP pathway as a therapeutic target for cryptococcosis. (northwestern.edu)

Once C. neoformans spores have been inhaled, infection begins. (kenyon.edu)
During infection, C. neoformans significantly enlarges the size of the capsule by the addition of new polysaccharide. (frontiersin.org)
As an infectious fungus that affects the respiratory tract, Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) commonly causes asymptomatic pulmonary infection. (spandidos-publications.com)
Results from experimental mouse models and human cases of cryptococcal meningitis have indicated that C. neoformans infection may also spread to the brain ( 4 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
To defend against C. neoformans infection in the initial phase, the host employs several types of innate immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils, which phagocytize invading fungi and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen species (RNS) and chlorine species to aid in host protection ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Latent infection, and new exposure from inhalation of environmental C. neoformans are just some factors as to why people come down with disease. (ubc.ca)
We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. (clinicaltrials.gov)
With this study we hope to identify a group of molecules of innate immunity which influence the risk and severity of invasive C neoformans infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans infection will be identified from a data base overseen by Dr. Peter Pappas. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycetous yeast capable of causing fatal infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, including a prevalence of infection of up to 15% of patients with AIDS ( 9 , 21 ). (asm.org)
The most common clinical manifestation of C. neoformans infection, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, is usually incurable in immunocompromised patients despite antifungal therapy ( 9 , 21 ). (asm.org)

UDP glucuronate decarboxylase activity was comparable in encapsulated and non-encapsulated strains of Cryptococcus neoformans , required NAD ( K a = 0.2 mM), and was inhibited by NADH ( K i = 0.1 mM) and UDP xylose. (asm.org)
Scatter plot of fluconazole MIC and mutation rate to fluconazole resistance for 21 strains of C. neoformans . (asm.org)
Scatter plot of fluconazole MIC for the original strains and median MIC for mutants of 18 C. neoformans strains. (asm.org)
Example of electrophoretic separation of RAPD fingerprints obtained by amplifying genomic DNA from 10 original strains of C. neoformans and 13 mutants using OPA-03 (5′ AGTCAGCCAC 3′) (A) and OPA-17 (5′-GACCGCTTGT-3′) (B) as single primers. (asm.org)
The MIC of fluconazole was measured for 21 strains of C. neoformans . (asm.org)
The recent efforts to characterize the hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans has led to the identification of a cryptic population, here described as H strains, which includes hybrid strains with a double content of DNA but presenting a single mating type: Aa, Da, Aalpha, or Dalpha. (unimi.it)
In conclusion, H strains represents a subpopulation of C. neoformans that originated from the hybridization of serotype A and D populations and that may be isolated from clinical sample. (unimi.it)
Further studies are required to better understand if homozygosity at mating-type locus may influence the virulence of C. neoformans strains. (unimi.it)
The identification of 13 autochthonous strains of C. neoformans var. (uab.cat)
Serotyping by agglutination tests confirmed the characterization of all strains as C. neoformans var. (uab.cat)

abstract = "Cryptococcus neoformans var. (uab.cat)

This enzyme has now been confirmed to play a role in the virulence of C. neoformans serotype A. Disease caused by C. n. var. (nih.gov)
C. neoformans v. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans v. neoformans (serotype D). Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans . (kenyon.edu)

Among pathogenic fungi, C. neoformans is unique in that it possesses a mucinous capsule. (kenyon.edu)
Since C. neoformans can be found in the environment (soil, bird excreta, and trees) and is acquired through the air we breathe, she looks at a group of proteins that help fungi adapt to temperature stress. (ubc.ca)
Eumelanins produced by pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans fungi are virulence factors that render the fungal cells resistant to host defenses and certain antifungal drugs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In conclusion, our phenome-based functional analysis of the C. neoformans TF mutant library provides key insights into transcriptional networks of basidiomycetous fungi and human fungal pathogens. (pasteur.fr)

Most isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans are haploid. (kenyon.edu)
Microevolution of Serial Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (duke.edu)
In this study, we collected isolates of Cryptococcus from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 18 patients at the time of their diagnosis and when they relapsed several months later. (duke.edu)
These analyses revealed that the relapsing isolates manifested multiple genetic and chromosomal changes that affected a variety of genes implicated in the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus or resistance to fluconazole. (duke.edu)

Complement and mannose receptors on the surface of macrophages mediate the phagocytosis of C. neoformans ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In a study appearing early online Aug. 11 in PLOS Biology , Duke researchers have mapped the evolutionary turning point that transformed the pathogenic form of Cryptococcus from an organism of many sexes to one with only two. (duke.edu)

A third variety, once known as C. neoformans v. gattii , is now considered a distinct species, Cryptococcus gattii . (kenyon.edu)
Cryptococcus neoformans is the species with the higher prevalence among HIV + patients. (frontiersin.org)
The pathogenic species of Cryptococcus are a major cause of mortality owing to severe infections in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. (duke.edu)
Our data provide a deeper understanding of the microevolution of Cryptococcus species under pressure from antifungal chemotherapy and host immune responses. (duke.edu)
This investigation clearly suggests a promising strategy to identify novel targets for improved diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.IMPORTANCE Opportunistic infections caused by species of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus lead to chronic meningoencephalitis and continue to ravage thousands of patients with HIV/AIDS. (duke.edu)
He and an international team of researchers focused on the last common ancestor of the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans and its nearest sibling species, a non-pathogen called Cryptococcus amylolentus. (duke.edu)

Infections with the human pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans are often treated with fluconazole. (asm.org)

India ink stain of Cryptococcus neosporans showing the presence of a capsule. (kenyon.edu)
The main phenotypic feature of C. neoformans is a capsule that surrounds the cell body ( Benham, 1935 ) which confers physical, biochemical, and immunological properties to this microorganism. (frontiersin.org)
India ink stain to reveal the polysaccharide capsule on yeast cells of the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (ubc.ca)
For Cryptococcus , iron sensing actually triggers formation of a major virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule that protects the fungus from the host immune system. (ubc.ca)
Complementation of a capsule-deficient mutation of Cryptococcus neoformans restores its virulence. (asm.org)
Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast with prominent polysaccharide capsule. (microbeonline.com)
Cryptococcus neoformans is the only pathogenic yeast known to have a polysaccharide capsule. (microbeonline.com)
Genetic and phenotypic characterization of capsule mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans. (semanticscholar.org)
Bicarbonate directly activates the C. neoformans Cac1 adenylyl cyclase required for capsule synthesis. (kent.ac.uk)

neoformans by an increased incidence of cryptococcomas in lung and brain, increased neurological morbidity and a slower response to antifungal therapy. (nih.gov)
Fluconazole is currently the most widely used antifungal drug for maintenance therapy because it can be given orally, lacks major side effects, penetrates the central nervous system, and has broad efficacy against most pathogenic yeasts, including C. neoformans ( 5 , 9 ). (asm.org)

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. (uab.cat)

and the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans , the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis, which is responsible for 15% of all HIV-related deaths. (ubc.ca)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. (frontiersin.org)

C. neoformans causes fatal meningitis primarily in immunosuppressed humans [3] . (kenyon.edu)
Human studies have shown associations between cryptococcal meningitis and reduced IgM memory B cell levels, and studies in IgM- and/or B cell-deficient mice have demonstrated increased Cryptococcus neoformans dissemination from lungs to brain. (asm.org)
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes high rates of HIV-related mortality, yet the Cryptococcus factors influencing patient outcome are not well understood. (asm.org)
Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that causes meningitis worldwide, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. (nih.gov)
Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen of humans, causes fatal meningitis in immunocompromised patients. (kent.ac.uk)

A mutant strain of C. neoformans that cannot transport xylose precursors into the secretory compartment is severely. (asm.org)

Genetic analysis of oxygen-sensitive mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans revealed two loci (oxy1 and oxy2) linking hyperoxia sensitivity to production of melanin, a known virulence factor. (semanticscholar.org)
Genetic and physiologic characterization of ferric/cupric reductase constitutive mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans. (semanticscholar.org)

In response to the host innate immune response, C. neoformans activates virulence factors, including polysaccharide capsules and melanin pigment, to resist phagocytosis and avoid clearance ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We demonstrated that the aliphatic moieties of solid C. neoformans melanin ghosts include cell-wall components derived from polysaccharides and/or chitin that are associated proximally with lipid membrane constituents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Synthesis of polymerized melanin by Cryptococcus neoformans in infected rodents. (semanticscholar.org)

Upon inhalation, C. neoformans disseminates to the brain and causes meningoencephalitis, but the mechanisms by which the pathogen adapts to the low-oxygen environment in the brain have not been investigated. (northwestern.edu)

Solid-state NMR Reveals the Carbon-based Molecular Architecture of Cryptococcus neoformans Fungal Eumelanins in the Cell Wall. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Because of their insoluble and amorphous characteristics, neither the pigment bonding framework nor the cellular interactions underlying melanization of C. neoformans have yielded to comprehensive molecular-scale investigation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Cryptococcus neoformans ( C . neoformans ) is the most common fungus to cause meningoencephalitis in the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans, but its overall biological and pathogenic regulatory circuits remain elusive, particularly due to the presence of an evolutionarily divergent set of transcription factors (TFs). (pasteur.fr)

This study investigated the patterns of mutation to fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans in vitro. (asm.org)
These results suggest that dynamic and heterogeneous mutational processes are involved in generating fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans . (asm.org)
The objective of this study was to examine in vitro the patterns of mutation to fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans , to help clarify the observed clinical findings and to evaluate the use of the MIC as a possible indicator for the development of resistance. (asm.org)
We defined fluconazole resistance in C. neoformans as an MIC of ≥32 μg/ml by the NCCLS standard in vitro protocol ( 23 ). (asm.org)
Genetic study of oxygen resistance and melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans. (semanticscholar.org)

The genotypic and phenotypic data for each TF are available in the C. neoformans TF phenome database (http://tf.cryptococcus.org). (pasteur.fr)

Besides a prevalent asexual life cycle, C. neoformans also presents a bipolar mating cycle with two mating types, MATa and MATα, with the latter being the most prevalently isolated from hosts and the environment [3] . (kenyon.edu)
Innate immune responses restrict the growth and invasion of C. neoformans in mammalian hosts ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Cryptococcus neoformans is one of two fungal pathogens under investigation in the Kronstad lab. (ubc.ca)

An interesting study in New York City a long time ago showed that most people by the age of five-years-old have been exposed to and have antibodies against Cryptococcus neoformans ," says Kronstad. (ubc.ca)

Filobasidiella neoformans is the teleomorph (sexual state). (kenyon.edu)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogen requiring atmospheric levels of oxygen for optimal growth. (northwestern.edu)
We further demonstrate that CAN2, but not CAN1, is abundantly expressed and essential for the growth of C. neoformans in its natural environment, where CO2 concentrations are limiting. (kent.ac.uk)
Our data reveal Can2 to be the main carbonic anhydrase and suggest a physiological role for bicarbonate during C. neoformans growth. (kent.ac.uk)

Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus

Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcus gattii

Meningitis, Cryptococcal

Antibodies, Fungal

Polysaccharides

Antifungal Agents

Antigens, Fungal

Melanins

Lung Diseases, Fungal

Genes, Mating Type, Fungal

Mycological Typing Techniques

Fluconazole

Laccase

Virulence

Fungal Proteins

DNA, Fungal

Meningoencephalitis

Amphotericin B

Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal

Flucytosine

Fungi

Phagocytosis

Serotyping

Drug Resistance, Fungal

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Mycology

Candida

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections

Genes, Fungal

Itraconazole

Lysophospholipase

Candida albicans

Cell Wall

Environmental Microbiology

Central Nervous System Fungal Infections

Virulence Factors

Mice, Inbred A

Mycoses

Fungal Capsules

Pheromones

Molecular Sequence Data

Triazoles

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Fungal Vaccines

Culture Media

Columbidae

Spores, Fungal

Azoles

Mice, Inbred CBA

Lung

Colony Count, Microbial

Yeasts

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Haploidy

Fungal Polysaccharides

Species Specificity

Pigments, Biological

Hyphae

Opsonin Proteins

Macrophages

Meningitis, Fungal

Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

Eucalyptus

Microbiological Techniques

Fruiting Bodies, Fungal

Histoplasma

Blastomyces

DNA Fingerprinting

Macrophages, Alveolar

Urease

Gene Deletion

Sterol 14-Demethylase

Dermatomycoses

Acanthamoeba castellanii

Trichosporon

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1/1887)