Cryptococcus gattii
Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Northwestern United States
British Columbia
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Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)
Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
Antifungal Agents
Environmental Microbiology
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Fluconazole
Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
Lung Diseases, Fungal
Neosartorya
Virulence
Amphotericin B
Serotyping
Disease Outbreaks
Trees
PubMed
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Meningoencephalitis
Biological Science Disciplines
All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.
Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. (1/90)
(+info)First isolation of Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII and Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNI from environmental sources in the city of Belem, Para, Brazil. (2/90)
(+info)Identification of Cryptococcus gattii by use of L-canavanine glycine bromothymol blue medium and DNA sequencing. (3/90)
(+info)Correlation of genotype and in vitro susceptibilities of Cryptococcus gattii strains from the Pacific Northwest of the United States. (4/90)
(+info)Projecting global occurrence of Cryptococcus gattii. (5/90)
(+info)Epidemiology of Cryptococcus gattii, British Columbia, Canada, 1999-2007. (6/90)
(+info)Extracellular DNase activity of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. (7/90)
(+info)Heteroresistance of Cryptococcus gattii to fluconazole. (8/90)
(+info)
Extracellular fibrils of pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus gattii are important for ecological niche, murine virulence and human...
Cryptococcus gattii Infections in Multiple States Outside the US Pacific Northwest - Volume 19, Number 10-October 2013 -...
Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe.
Produção de fatores de virulência in vitro por isolados de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii de origem clínica em...
Conservation of intracellular pathogenic strategy among distantly related cryptococcal species<...
Time-Course Proteome Analysis Reveals the Dynamic Response of Cryptococcus gattii Cells to Fluconazole - pdf descargar
Growth and Pigment Production on d-Tryptophan Medium by Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans |...
A New Lineage of Cryptococcus gattii (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands | mBio
Cryptococcus gattii infection: Treatment
Cryptococcus gattii (Vanbreuseghem et Takashio) Kwon-Chung et Boekhout
Cryptococcus gattii (Vanbreuseghem et Takashio) Kwon-Chung et Boekhout
ASMscience | Molecular Typing of the
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Dating the Cryptococcus gattii Dispersal to the North American Pacific Northwest
Microevolution of Cryptococcus gattii | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Stealthy emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in North America - In Scientio, Veritas
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Whole-Genome Analysis of Cryptococcus gattii, Southeastern United States. - PubMed - NCBI
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Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe...
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Variable selection with a support vector machine for discriminating Cryptococcus fungal species based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ...
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Opportunistic infection
"Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in ... Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system ...
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
IRIS has been described in immunocompetent hosts who have meningitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans ... "Paradoxical Inflammatory Reaction during Treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii Meningitis in an HIV-Seronegative ... "Steroid responsive late deterioration in Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii meningitis". Neurology. 63 (4): 713-714. doi: ... Wiesner, Darin L.; Boulware, David R. (4 August 2011). "Cryptococcus-Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS ...
Yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... Cogliati M (2013). "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 ...
Cryptococcosis
Isolates found in PCC include Cryptococcus neoformans (most common), Cryptococcus gattii, and Cryptococcus laurentii. Prognosis ... most often Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii). Cryptococcosis is believed to be acquired by inhalation of the ... Cryptococcus (both C. neoformans and C. gattii) plays a common role in pulmonary invasive mycosis seen in adults with HIV and ... Cryptococcus gattii causes infections in immunocompetent people (fully functioning immune system), but C. neoformans v. grubii ...
Joseph Heitman
... as well as the expansion of the geographic range of the emerging pathogen Cryptococcus gattii. Joseph Heitman has served as co- ... "Molecular evidence that the range of the Vancouver Island outbreak of Cryptococcus gattii infection has expanded into the ... "Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak". Nature. 437 (7063): 1360-4. Bibcode: ... "Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States". PLOS Pathog. 6 (4 ...
Tetrazole
Fungal Cyp51 Inhibitor VT-1129 Demonstrates Potent Activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii". ...
Filobasidiella
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii). The presence of haustorial cells on their hyphae indicate that they are (or ... Kwon-Chung KJ, Varma A (2006). "Do major species concepts support one, two or more species within Cryptococcus neoformans?". ... 1976). "A new species of Filobasidiella, the sexual state of Cryptococcus neoformans B and C serotypes". Mycologia. 68 (4): 942 ... 1975). "A new genus, Filobasidiella, the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans". Mycologia. 67 (6): 1197-1200. doi:10.2307/ ...
Pathogenic fungus
Cryptococcus gattii is endemic to tropical parts of the continent of Africa and Australia and can cause disease in non- ... Cryptococcus neoformans is the major human and animal pathogen. Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus have been known ... Cryptococcus neoformans can cause a severe form of meningitis and meningo-encephalitis in patients with HIV infection and AIDS ... The majority of Cryptococcus species live in the soil and do not cause disease in humans. ...
Red Raper
Cryptococcus gattii, and Candida albicans. His research laid the foundation for the current knowledge body about somatic and ...
Eugenia calycina
... towards Cryptococcus gattii L48, Cryptococcus neoformans L3 (MIC=31.2μg/mL), and Cryptococcus sp. D (MIC=62.5μg/mL). Therefore ... were revealed to show activity against Cryptococcus sp. D (minimum inhibitory concentration=15.62μg/mL). It was also revealed ...
Emerging infectious disease
Anaplasmosis Aspergillus BK virus Bordetella pertussis Borrelia miyamotoi Clostridium difficile Cryptococcus gattii ...
Cryptococcus
... neoformans and Cryptococcus deneoformans. C. gattii (formerly C. neoformans var gattii) is endemic to tropical ... Cryptococcus adeliensis Cryptococcus aerius Cryptococcus albidosimilis Cryptococcus antarcticus Cryptococcus aquaticus ... Cryptococcus curvatus Cryptococcus mangaliensis Cryptococcus phenolicus Cryptococcus skinneri Cryptococcus terreus Cryptococcus ... Serotypes B and C are mainly found in Cryptococcus gattii. There are also hybrids between Cryptococcus neoformans and ...
Cryptococcus neoformans
gattii, was defined as a distinct species, Cryptococcus gattii. The most recent classification system divides organisms into ... "Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex". Fungal Genetics and Biology. ... C. gattii is divided into five species. Cryptococcus neoformans grows as a yeast (unicellular) and replicates by budding. It ... Media related to Cryptococcus neoformans at Wikimedia Commons A good overview of Cryptococcus neoformans biology from the ...
Cryptococcus gattii
... , formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in ... Cryptococcus gattii has recently been divided into five species. These are C. gattii, C. bacillisporus, C. deuterogattii, C. ... "Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex". Fungal Genetics and Biology. ... "Cryptococcus gattii Q&A". The Globe and Mail. 2007-02-10. Kidd, S.E.; F. Hagen; R. L. Tscharke; M. Huynh; K. H. Bartlett; M. ...
Raugs - Vikipēdija
Cryptococcus neoformans un C. gattii izraisa kriptokokozi).[5] ...
Yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular types". Scientifica ... "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 (3): 387-408. doi:10.1128/CMR. ...
Basidiomycota
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome ... Lin, X.; Hull, C. M.; Heitman, J. (April 2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus ... In the human pathogenic genus Cryptococcus, four nuclei following meiosis remain in the basidium, but continually divide ...
Yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are significant pathogens of immunocompromised people. They are the species ... "Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular types". Scientifica ... "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: A sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 (3): 387-408. doi:10.1128/CMR. ...
Basidiomycota
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The dimorphic Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Ustilago maydis are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome ... Lin, X.; Hull, C. M.; Heitman, J. (April 2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus ... and Cryptococcus, the human pathogenic yeast. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota- ...
Cryptococcus Gattii Infection | Summary | NNDSS
Cryptococcus gattii - Wikipedia
Cryptococcus gattii, formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in ... Cryptococcus gattii has recently been divided into five species. These are C. gattii, C. bacillisporus, C. deuterogattii, C. ... "Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex". Fungal Genetics and Biology. ... "Cryptococcus gattii Q&A". The Globe and Mail. 2007-02-10. Kidd, S.E.; F. Hagen; R. L. Tscharke; M. Huynh; K. H. Bartlett; M. ...
Cryptococcus Gattii Infection | 2015 Case Definition
Detection of Cryptococcus gattii-specific nucleic acid in clinical specimen; or *Demonstration of Cryptococcus gattii in a ... Two species of Cryptococcus cause the vast majority of human infections: C. neoformans and C. gattii. C. neoformans has a clear ... Isolation of Cryptococcus gattii from a clinical specimen; or. * ... Cryptococcus Gattii Infection (C. gattii). 2015 Case Definition ... Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen that causes primarily meningitis and pneumonia. The incidence of cryptococcal ...
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBI
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii.. Sorrell TC1.. Author information. 1. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, ... Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii is emerging as a primary human pathogen which is distinct genetically and biochemically ... gattii. This enzyme has now been confirmed to play a role in the virulence of C. neoformans serotype A. Disease caused by C. n ... gattii. A potential determinant of tissue invasion, secreted phospholipase B, is produced in vitro and in vivo by C. n. var. ...
Cryptococcus gattii infection: Treatment
Cryptococcus gattiihas emerged as an important fungal pathogen. Infection manifests most often as potentially fatal ... See Cryptococcus gattii infection: Microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis and Cryptococcus gattii infection: Clinical ... Cryptococcus gattii infection: Clinical features and diagnosis. *Cryptococcus gattii infection: Microbiology, epidemiology, and ... Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint ...
Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii --- Pacific Northwest, 2004--2010
Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, of which two species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, cause nearly all human ... Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Med Mycol 2001;39:155--68.. * Fyfe M, MacDougall L, Romney M, et al. Cryptococcus ... Source: Cryptococcus gattii Public Health Working Group.. * Defined as illness occurring on or after January 1, 2004, in a U.S ... Source: Cryptococcus gattii Public Health Working Group.. * Defined as illness occurring on or after January 1, 2004, in a U.S ...
Cryptococcus gattii EJB2, whole genome shotgun sequencing project - Nucleotide - NCBI
Cryptococcus gattii, no longer an accidental pathogen?
C. gattii can form long-term associations with trees and soil resulting in the production of infectious propagules (spores an … ... Cryptococcus gattii is an environmentally occurring pathogen that is responsible for causing cryptococcosis marked by pneumonia ... Cryptococcus gattii, no longer an accidental pathogen? Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2012 Dec;6(4):245-256. doi: 10.1007/s12281-012- ... Cryptococcus gattii is an environmentally occurring pathogen that is responsible for causing cryptococcosis marked by pneumonia ...
Cryptococcus gattii (Vanbreuseghem et Takashio) Kwon-Chung et Boekhout
Cryptococcus gattii ATCC ® MYA-4561™ Designation: WM178 [CBS 10082] Application: Biomedical Research and Development Material ... Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med. Mycol. 47(6):561-570, ... Rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of ... Cryptococcus gattii (Vanbreuseghem et Takashio) Kwon-Chung et Boekhout (ATCC® MYA-4561™) Alternate State: Filobasidiella ...
Cryptococcus gattii (Vanbreuseghem et Takashio) Kwon-Chung et Boekhout
Cryptococcus gattii ATCC ® MYA-4071™ Designation: WM 276 Application: Multigene phylogeny and phenotypic characterization. ... Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med. Mycol. 47(6):561-570, ... Gene disruption in Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by in vitro transposition. Curr Genet 49: 341-350, 2006. ... Cryptococcus gattii (Vanbreuseghem et Takashio) Kwon-Chung et Boekhout (ATCC® MYA-4071™) Alternate State: Filobasidiella ...
KEGG PATHWAY: Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Cryptococcus gattii
Cryptococcus gattii
Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe.
However, during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and animals in Europe have increased. To determine whether the ... Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. ... Autochthonous and Dormant Cryptococcus gattii Infections in Europe Alternate Title:Cryptococcus gattii in Europe ... Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.Med Mycol. Year: 2009;47:561- ...
Cryptococcus gattii: Emergence in Western North America: Exploitation of a Novel Ecological Niche
... Kausik Datta,1 Karen H. ... The relatively uncommon fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii recently emerged as a significant cause of cryptococcal disease in ... C. gattii may have exploited such a hitherto unrecognized but clement environment in the Pacific Northwest to provide a wider ... C. gattii can survive wide climatic variations and colonize the environment in tropical, subtropical, temperate, and dry ...
Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of ... Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii.. D H Ellis, T J Pfeiffer ... Environmental isolations have established that Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii appears to have a specific ecological ... gattii. No other environmental source for the fungus has yet been detected, and no other eucalypt has the distribution pattern ...
Emergence and Pathogenicity of Highly Virulent Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes in the Northwest United States
In this study, we examine the expansion on an outbreak of a fungus, Cryptococcus gattii, in the Pacific Northwest of the United ... Cryptococcus gattii Is the Subject Area "Cryptococcus gattii" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ... Cryptococcus neoformans Is the Subject Area "Cryptococcus neoformans" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Maternal-fetal+transmission+of+Cryptococcus+gattii+in+harbor+porpoise.-a0251376957
Maternal-fetal transmission of Cryptococcus gattii in harbor porpoise.(LETTERS, Letter to the editor, Report) by Emerging ... gattii in Australia. J Clin Microbiol. 1987;25:430-1. (2.) MacDougall L, Fyfe M. Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in a novel ... To the Editor: We report maternal-fetal transmission of Cryptococcus gattii and death in a wild porpoise. Cryptococcus ... gattii+in+harbor+porpoise.-a0251376957. *APA style: Maternal-fetal transmission of Cryptococcus gattii in harbor porpoise.. (n. ...
Genome Variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an Emerging Pathogen of Immunocompetent Hosts | mBio
the Cryptococcus gattii Working Group of the Pacific Northwest. . 2009. Spread of Cryptococcus gattii into Pacific Northwest ... Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii genes preferentially expressed during rat macrophage infection. Med. Mycol. 48: ... Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med. Mycol. 47:561-570. ... Genetic diversity of the Cryptococcus species complex suggests that Cryptococcus gattii deserves to have varieties. PLoS One 4: ...
Ancient dispersal of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii from the Amazon rainforest
... caused by Cryptococcus gattii, which has affected hundreds of otherwise healthy humans and animals. Over the same time period, ... Ancient dispersal of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii from the Amazon rainforest PLoS One. 2013 Aug 7;8(8):e71148. ... caused by Cryptococcus gattii, which has affected hundreds of otherwise healthy humans and animals. Over the same time period, ... gattii population in the native rainforest of Northern Brazil. Thus the modern virulent C. gattii AFLP6/VGII outbreak lineages ...
Microevolution of Cryptococcus gattii | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2015 Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Fungal Genet. Biol. FG B ... and the basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) has expanded its range into non-endemic environments with a ... 2011 Cryptococcus gattii: an emerging fungal pathogen infecting humans and animals. Microbes Infect. Inst. Pasteur 13, 895-907 ... 2005 Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak. Nature 437, 1360-1364. (doi:10.1038/ ...
Epidemiology of Cryptococcus gattii, British Columbia, Canada, 1999-2007 - Volume 16, Number 2-February 2010 - Emerging...
... has the largest reported population of Cryptococcus gattii-infected persons worldwide. To assess the impact of illness, we ... Distribution of Cryptococcus gattii strains among 124 persons with C. gattii infection, by age category, British Columbia, ... Distribution of Cryptococcus gattii strains among 124 persons with C. gattii infection, by age category, British Columbia, ... Datta K, Bartlett K, Baer R, Byrnes E, Galanis E, Heitman J, Spread of Cryptococcus gattii into Pacific Northwest region of the ...
Genome Variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an Emerging Pathogen of Immunocompetent Hosts | mBio
Genome Variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an Emerging Pathogen of Immunocompetent Hosts. C. A. DSouza, J. W. Kronstad, G. ... Genome Variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an Emerging Pathogen of Immunocompetent Hosts. C. A. DSouza, J. W. Kronstad, G. ... Genome Variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an Emerging Pathogen of Immunocompetent Hosts. C. A. DSouza, J. W. Kronstad, G. ... Genome Variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an Emerging Pathogen of Immunocompetent Hosts Message Subject (Your Name) has ...
Frontiers | Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Cryptococcus gattii VGII Clinical Isolates and Its Impact on Virulence |...
The C. gattii R265 VGIIa strain, which was isolated from the Vancouver outbreak, differed from C. gattii CG01, CG02 and CG03 ... The C. gattii R265 VGIIa strain, which was isolated from the Vancouver outbreak, differed from C. gattii CG01, CG02 and CG03 ... C. gattii VGII isolates have a strong clinical relevance and phenotypic variations. These phenotypic variations among C. gattii ... C. gattii VGII isolates have a strong clinical relevance and phenotypic variations. These phenotypic variations among C. gattii ...
Cryptococcus gattii VGIII Isolates Causing Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients in Southern California: Identification of the Local...
Here we report the isolation of C. gattii VGI and VGIII from environmental soil and tree samples. C. gattii isolates were ... gattii is responsible for ongoing and expanding outbreaks in the Western United States and Canada. C. gattii comprises four ... The Pacific Northwest and Canadian outbreak is primarily caused by C. gattii VGII. VGIII is responsible for ongoing infections ... However, only two environmental C. gattii isolates have ever been identified from the Californian environment: CBS7750 (VGII) ...
Highly recombinant VGII Cryptococcus gattii population develops clonal outbreak clusters through both sexual macroevolution and...
Cryptococcus gattii, Disease Outbreaks, Haplotypes, Linkage Disequilibrium, Virulence. Abstract. An outbreak of the fungal ... Importance: Cryptococcus gattii is the causative agent responsible for ongoing infections in the Pacific Northwest of the ... Highly recombinant VGII Cryptococcus gattii population develops clonal outbreak clusters through both sexual macroevolution and ... pathogen Cryptococcus gattii began in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) in the late 1990s. This outbreak consists of three clonal ...
Frontiers | The Homeostasis of Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis, Cryptococcus Neoformans Var. Grubii,...
grubii and Cryptococcus gattii. Although prior studies have identified certain aspects of metal regulation in Cryptococcus ... grubii and Cryptococcus gattii. Although prior studies have identified certain aspects of metal regulation in Cryptococcus ... The broad analyses of the genomes of P. brasiliensis, Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii for genes ... grubii, and Cryptococcus gattii. Although prior studies have identified certain aspects of metal regulation in Cryptococcus ...
In vivo development of fluconazole resistance in serial Cryptococcus gattii isolates from a cat
... are more frequently observed in Cryptococcus gattii compared to C. neoformans isolates; however, the development of in vivo ... In vivodevelopment of fluconazole resistance in serialCryptococcus gattiiisolates from a cat. ... We report a case of Cryptococcus gattii (molecular type VGIII) that developed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole during ... Elevated fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are more frequently observed in Cryptococcus gattii compared to C ...
IsolatesInfectionAbstractVGIIVirulenceSerotypeFungusInfectionsLineagesCryptococcosis causedGenesImmunocompetent hostsPathogensFungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattiiPacific NorthwestCryptococcalMolecular typeStrains of Cryptococcus neoformans1999EmergenceCaused by Cryptococcus neoformansHumansYeast Cryptococcus gattiiFungiIsolateNorth AmericaPrimary pathogenGenotypesSerotypesSusceptibilityAutochthonousVirulentVGIIIEucalyptusIsolation of CryptococcusYeastsPrevalenceVGIIaEndemicVancouver IslandMeningoencephalitisAgents of cryptococcosisMeningitisPapua New GuSensu strictoR265GenotypeEtiologicPneumoniaDispersalOutbreaksSubtypeSpecies complexTemperateBacillisporus
Isolates26
- Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates. (atcc.org)
- Here, we detail fine-resolution mapping of genetic differences between two highly related Cryptococcus gattii VGIIc isolates that differ in their virulence traits (phagocytosis, vomocytosis, macrophage death, mitochondrial tubularization and intracellular proliferation). (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- C. gattii VGII isolates have a strong clinical relevance and phenotypic variations. (frontiersin.org)
- These phenotypic variations among C. gattii species complex isolates suggest that some strains are more virulent than others, but little information is available related to the pathogenic properties of those strains. (frontiersin.org)
- The C. gattii R265 VGIIa strain, which was isolated from the Vancouver outbreak, differed from C. gattii CG01, CG02 and CG03 isolates (also classified as VGII) when analyzed the capsular dimensions, melanin production, urease activity, as well as the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) secretion. (frontiersin.org)
- Although some lineages of Australian C. gattii have retained the ability to mate, the majority of isolates were sterile, suggesting that asexuality is the dominant mode of propagation in these populations. (asm.org)
- Microevolution of Serial Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (duke.edu)
- In this study, we collected isolates of Cryptococcus from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 18 patients at the time of their diagnosis and when they relapsed several months later. (duke.edu)
- These analyses revealed that the relapsing isolates manifested multiple genetic and chromosomal changes that affected a variety of genes implicated in the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus or resistance to fluconazole. (duke.edu)
- The 13 C. gattii isolates were collected from five Eucalyptus, four Ceratonia, two Pinus and two Olea trees. (marmara.edu.tr)
- With the exception of a single VGIV isolate, all C. gattii isolates were VGI. (marmara.edu.tr)
- Accordingly, four species were identified as Cryptococcus albidus while species of two other isolates were not detectable by used methods. (ijmm.ir)
- The molecular types and genetic heterogeneity of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii clinical isolates in Malaysia were determined in this study. (um.edu.my)
- Of 17 C.gattii isolates, 13 (76.5) were molecular type VGI, and 4 (23.5) were molecular type VGII. (um.edu.my)
- A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. (cu.edu.tr)
- grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. (cu.edu.tr)
- The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. (cu.edu.tr)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Microevolution of Serial Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (elsevier.com)
- Of the C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates, 94% and 0% grew on m-DTDP agar, respectively, and 98% and 0% grew in YCB-DTDP medium, respectively. (elsevier.com)
- This study investigated the activity of exoenzymes (phospholipase and proteinase), biofilm formation and production of a hemolytic factor by isolates of C. neoformans (n = 9) and C. gattii (n = 7) from Belém, Pará State, Brazil. (iec.gov.br)
- This is the first report of in vitro exoenzyme activity and biofilm formation by isolates of Cryptococcus in Pará State. (iec.gov.br)
- Here we address this question by conducting outgroup crosses between distantly related C. gattii lineages (VGII and VGIII) and ingroup crosses between isolates from the same molecular type (VGII). (duke.edu)
- Of a random sample of 48 isolates serotyped, 26 (54%) were C. neoformans, serotype A, and 22 (46%) C. gattii, serotype B. Determination of mating type alleles was done in 44 of the isolates, comprising 31 of C. neoformans , serotype A and 13 of C. gattii, serotype B. All of them proved to be mating type α (MATα). (oup.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, live in the Prevalence of Cryptococcus was 0.71% (4 isolates). (scribd.com)
- Three isolates environment throughout the world, and represent the primary were identified by both biochemical and proteomic approaches cause of cryptococcosis, a life threatening disease1,2, especially in as C. neoformans corresponding to VNI (images 1-3), and one immunocompromised patients3,4 being much higher the isolate as C: gattii corresponding to VGII (image 4). (scribd.com)
- The study of environmental and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus as human pathogens is an important contribution to the positividad (los 4 positivos, epidemiology and ecology of the fungus (Ref). (scribd.com)
Infection46
- C. gattii infection had previously been detected infrequently and was thought to be largely restricted to tropical and subtropical regions, including Australia and Papua New Guinea. (uptodate.com)
- The antifungal treatment and other aspects of management of C. gattii infection will be reviewed here. (uptodate.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans infection is also reviewed elsewhere. (uptodate.com)
- Despite these limitations, MICs, most commonly determined by broth microdilution, have been reported for C. gattii and may provide help to clinicians in the management of C. gattii infection [ 8 ]. (uptodate.com)
- In December 2004, a case of human C. gattii infection was reported in Oregon, associated with an outbreak on Vancouver Island and in mainland British Columbia, Canada ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Among 52 patients for whom travel history was known, 46 (88%) said they had not traveled to British Columbia or any other C. gattii --endemic areas, suggesting they acquired the infection locally. (cdc.gov)
- Among 45 patients with known outcomes, nine (20%) died because of C. gattii infection, and six (13%) died with C. gattii infection. (cdc.gov)
- Physicians should consider C. gattii as a possible etiology of a cryptococcal infection among persons living in or traveling to the Pacific Northwest or traveling to other C. gattii --endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
- Reported case-fatality rates either from or with C. gattii infection was 9% ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- In early 2006, a resident of Orcas Island, Washington, developed C. gattii VGIIa infection with a strain indistinguishable from the British Columbia VGIIa strain ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii causes the human diseases of pulmonary cryptococcosis (lung infection), basal meningitis, and cerebral cryptococcomas. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gattii is not particularly associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other forms of immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)
- Distribution of survey respondents who have seen any patient(s) with cryptococcosis during the past year and who have ever treated a patient with Cryptococcus gatti infection, Emerging Infections Network survey, March-February 2011. (cdc.gov)
- C. gattii may have exploited such a hitherto unrecognized but clement environment in the Pacific Northwest to provide a wider exposure and risk of infection to human and animal populations. (hindawi.com)
- Infection is thought to occur mostly in immunocompetent persons, but new evidence from British Columbia shows that a sizeable proportion of persons with C. gattii have underlying immunocompromising conditions (E. Galanis, L. MacDougall, unpub. (cdc.gov)
- To clarify the epidemiology and impact of illness caused by C. gattii infection, we retrospectively analyzed incidence of, hospitalizations for, and deaths caused by C. gattii in British Columbia from its emergence in 1999 through 2007. (cdc.gov)
- We analyzed C. gattii infection diagnosed during 1999-2007 in BC residents and reported to the BC Centre for Disease Control. (cdc.gov)
- A confirmed case was defined as culture-confirmed C. gattii infection based on differential media and genotyping ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
- For their infection to be considered a case, patients must have traveled to or resided in a local C. gattii -endemic area during the year before onset. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcosis is an infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus gattii formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii . (hawaii.gov)
- gattii is the same organism as those isolated from cases of human infection. (asm.org)
- The yeast Cryptococcus gattii is the etiologic agent of cryptococcosis, a disease that can led to fatal infection of the central nervous system in humans and other mammals. (ufrgs.br)
- The vast majority of infection with cryptococcal species occurs with Cryptococcus neoformans in the severely immunocompromised. (semanticscholar.org)
- Cryptococcus deuterogattii induced higher levels of IL-22 than those induced by C. tetragattii and the environmental species C. flavescens In addition, C. bacillisporus and C. gattii sensu stricto proliferated inside human monocyte-derived macrophages after 24 h of infection. (ru.nl)
- C. gattii infection usually involves the central nervous system, the respiratory tract, or may be disseminated. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we report an atypical manifestation of C. gattii infection in a patient who had C. gattii meningitis complicating the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection and concurrent infected intraabdominal VP shunt pseudocyst. (biomedcentral.com)
- C. gattii meningitis complicating the VP shunt infection and concurrent infected intraabdominal VP shunt pseudocyst was diagnosed. (biomedcentral.com)
- C. neoformans was categorized into serotypes A and D whereas C. gattii was classified into the serotypes B and C. Inhalation of spores is a primary route of infection that mainly affects immunocompromised persons, such as HIV-infected patients, organ transplant recipients, and patients receiving corticosteroid or immunosuppressive agents. (biomedcentral.com)
- Few studies of C. gattii infection in Thailand have been published. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we report atypical C. gattii infection in a patient who had chronic C. gattii meningitis complicating a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection and concurrent infected intraabdominal VP shunt pseudocyst. (biomedcentral.com)
- The median lethal time (LT50) and median lethal dose (LC50) at 48 h of Cryptococcus gattii were calculated using Galleria mellonella infection test. (bvsalud.org)
- Cryptococcosis is an infection caused by Cryptococcus species. (ijmm.ir)
- Cryptococcus gattii is considered to be an emerging non-zoonotic infection affecting animals and humans in Oregon. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cryptococcus gattii molecular types VGIIa and VGI were isolated in 2010 from soil and tree bark near the home of a 9-month-old dog which three months previously had an infection caused by C. gattii genotype VGIIa. (biomedcentral.com)
- The only known means of acquisition of C. gattii infection is inhalation of spores from the environment. (biomedcentral.com)
- The identification of C. gattii infection in domestic animals suggested that exposure to the fungus must have occurred near the animals' residence and presented opportunity for identifying ecological foci of C. gattii in Oregon. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii cause cryptococcal meningitis and are implicated in the infection of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, respectively. (iec.gov.br)
- The rising incidence of cryptococcosis and other mycoses, which can be life-threatening infections affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans and animals, together with the emergence of outbreaks of infection, highlight the need of an increased and constant vigilance of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii and other clinically important fungi. (urosario.edu.co)
- Overall, this study provides the basis for further genetic studies to characterize the differences in the virulence composite of strains with minor evolutionary divergences in gene expression in the primary pathogen C. gattii, that have led to a major invasive fungal infection outbreak. (duke.edu)
- We report a case of Cryptococcus gattii infection in a 12-year-old neutered male cat in Alaska. (blogspot.com)
- In humans, the average incubation period for C. gattii infection is 6 weeks-13 months ( 5 - 7 ). (blogspot.com)
- Although most reported cases of C. gattii infection appear to be primary infections, infrequent reports of C. gattii infections in immunocompetent persons have described symptoms occurring several years after likely exposure, which suggests that C. gattii may have a greater capacity to remain dormant than believed ( 8 - 10 ). (blogspot.com)
- Cryptococcosis is infection with the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii . (medlineplus.gov)
- Infection with C gattii has mainly been seen in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, British Columbia in Canada, Southeast Asia, and Australia. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cryptococcus is the most common fungus that causes serious infection worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
- Individuals with a positive culture of Cryptococcus neoformans 18 years of age and older without HIV infection or other condition predisposing to cryptococcosis (such as high-dose corticosteroid therapy, sarcoidosis, or a blood cancer) may be eligible for this study. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Abstract1
- abstract = "Cryptococcus neoformans var. (uab.cat)
VGII18
- Multilocus sequence typing subcategorizes C. gattii into four genotypes: VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV. (cdc.gov)
- Although VGII is the genotype most commonly associated with the outbreak in the United States and British Columbia, it is uncommon in other C. gattii --endemic parts of the world, where VGI is isolated most frequently ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- VGII C. gattii have probably undergone either bisexual or unisexual reproduction in multiple different locales, thus giving rise to novel virulent phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
- In every case, the causative agent belongs to a previously rare genotype of C. gattii called AFLP6/VGII, but the origin of the outbreak clades remains enigmatic. (nih.gov)
- Thus the modern virulent C. gattii AFLP6/VGII outbreak lineages derived from mating events in South America and then dispersed to temperate regions where they cause serious infections in humans and animals. (nih.gov)
- C. gattii molecular type VGII predominates in the north and northeastern regions of Brazil, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. (frontiersin.org)
- In this study, we analyzed some virulence determinants of C. gattii VGII strains (CG01, CG02, and CG03) isolated from patients in the state of Piauí, Brazil. (frontiersin.org)
- Highly recombinant VGII Cryptococcus gattii population develops clonal outbreak clusters through both sexual macroevolution and asexual microevolution. (broadinstitute.org)
- This suggests that VGII C. gattii has undergone sexual reproduction, either bisexual or unisexual, in multiple locales contributing to the production of novel, virulent subtypes. (broadinstitute.org)
- Cryptococcus gattii - sorotipo B, tipo molecular VGII, linhagem R265, com capacidade de infectar pacientes imunocompetentes, causou uma epidemia na Ilha de Vancouver (Canadá) entre 1999 e 2003. (ufrgs.br)
- Resultados: El análisis de los datos moleculares combinados de 2110 aislamientos de criptococos clínicos y 1029 ambientales aislados de América Latina mostró que, como en todo el mundo, C. neoformans molecular tipo VNI es la causa más común de criptococosis (69.6%), afectando predominantemente a pacientes con VIH, seguido por C. gattii molecular tipo VGII (16.1%), que generalmente afecta a individuos que por lo demás son saludables. (urosario.edu.co)
- Curiosamente, en el medio ambiente estos dos tipos moleculares también predominan con proporciones ligeramente diferentes (55,1% para VNI y 26,7% para VGII). (urosario.edu.co)
- En Brasil y Colombia, los países con el mayor número de aislados, VNI y VGII son los tipos moleculares más comunes, aunque en Colombia, la prevalencia de VGIII es muy similar a la de VGII. (urosario.edu.co)
- En primer lugar, el estudio global de los aislados de C. gattii VGII proporcionó evidencia sobre la evolución de este patógeno en América del Norte y dio soporte a la extensa evolución y dispersión desde América del Sur, muy probablemente desde la Amazonía y el Noreste de Brasil, donde las cepas de VGII han demostrado ser las más variables genéticamente comparadas con los aislados mundiales. (urosario.edu.co)
- We developed and validated a mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) real-time PCR panel for genotyping C. gattii molecular types VGI-VGIV and VGII subtypes a,b,c. (elsevier.com)
- The Australian VGII population has been in the spotlight since 2005, when it was suggested as the possible origin for the ongoing outbreak at Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada), with same-sex mating being suggested as the driving force behind the emergence of this outbreak, and is nowadays hypothesized as a widespread phenomenon in C. gattii. (edu.au)
- Human and animal cryptococcosis due to an unusual molecular type of Cryptococcus gattii (VGII) emerged recently on Vancouver Island, Canada. (duke.edu)
- Taken together, our data suggest that hypervirulence can spread among the C. gattii lineages VGII and VGIII, potentially creating novel hypervirulent genotypes, and that current models of uniparental mitochondrial inheritance in the Cryptococcus genus may not be universal. (duke.edu)
Virulence10
- We then extended our methods across multiple lineages of C. gattii to study how selection is acting on key virulence genes within different lineages. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Virulence, serotype, and molecular characteristics of environmental strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (asm.org)
- gattii originating from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, three from Australia and one from San Francisco, were tested for their serotype, virulence for mice, and a number of genetic and molecular characteristics. (asm.org)
- Herein, we analyzed the effect of a non-azole agrochemical, pyraclostrobin (PCT), on the antifungal susceptibility and virulence of the human and animal pathogens Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans. (pasteur.fr)
- Previously, we determined that functional zinc metabolism is associated with Cryptococcus gattii virulence. (pasteur.fr)
- Among Cryptococcus neoformans and VGⅠ and VGⅡ types of Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus gattii VGⅡ showed the shortest LT50 and the strongest virulence to Galleria mellonella. (bvsalud.org)
- Such ecological adaptation of C. gattii could play roles in enhanced virulence in mammalian hosts at least initially via inhibition of host PMN-mediated killing. (utmb.edu)
- Cryptococcus gattii virulence composite: candidate genes revealed by microarray analysis of high and less virulent Vancouver island outbreak strains. (duke.edu)
- Unlike C. neoformans, C. gattii causes disease mainly in immunocompetent hosts, despite producing a similar suite of virulence determinants. (duke.edu)
- In the context of C. gattii, however, the likelihood of virulence traits associated with the outbreak lineages spreading to other lineages via genetic exchange is currently unknown. (duke.edu)
Serotype6
- In the United States, C. gattii serotype B, subtype VGIIa, is largely responsible for clinical cases. (wikipedia.org)
- gattii serotype (B) from Egypt, in a patient positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (who.int)
- gattii (serotype B). (who.int)
- gattii serotype B. This is the first confirmation of the presence of this variety in Spain, with a peculiar ability to produce severe pulmonary and systemic disease in normal goats, particularly in the form of outbreaks of pneumonia in association with cachexia. (uab.cat)
- neoformans, respectively, Serotype AD strains are hybrids and serotype B and C strains are considered to belong to the related but distinct species C. gattii. (unl.pt)
- Previous studies have identified 'serotype-associated' alleles of several genes in the Cryptococcus species complex. (unl.pt)
Fungus9
- . tritici first detected in 1998 is now recognized as a major threat to wheat production and food security worldwide [ 3 ], and the basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus gattii ( C. gattii ) has expanded its range into non-endemic environments with a consequential increase in fatal meningitis in humans [ 4 , 5 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Cryptoccocus gattii is an environmental fungus that emerged in a temperate climate on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, in 1999, causing an outbreak affecting humans and animals ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Inhalation of the airborne C.gattii fungus from the environment. (hawaii.gov)
- C.gattii fungus can be isolated in the soil and around trees in the environment. (hawaii.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii is a recognized pathogenic fungus along the Pacific coast of the United States from California to Washington. (cdc.gov)
- In most cases, cryptococcal meningitis is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (medlineplus.gov)
- Cryptococcus is a fungus that causes infections most commonly in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS and solid organ transplant recipients, particularly renal transplant recipients (1-3). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. - July 15, 2014 - Cryptococcus gattii , a virulent fungus that has invaded the Pacific Northwest is highly adaptive and warrants global "public health vigilance," according to a study by an international team led by the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen). (tgen.org)
- C. gattii was typically a tropical fungus before it was discovered in the temperate environs of Vancouver Island. (tgen.org)
Infections26
- Early data from endemic areas suggested that C. gattii differed not only in epidemiology and clinical presentation from C. neoformans , but might also have different susceptibilities to antifungal agents and require more aggressive and lengthier antifungal therapy than C. neoformans infections. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, of which two species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, cause nearly all human and animal cryptococcal infections. (cdc.gov)
- The two human infections reported from Oregon in 2004 and 2005 were from C. gattii subtypes VGIIa and VGIIc ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- The highest incidences of C. gattii infections occur in Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia. (wikipedia.org)
- gattii Infections in multilocularis appear to have greater 3. (cdc.gov)
- First detection of Echinococcus mul- tilocularis in Sweden, February to March patients with C. gattii infections translocated wildlife. (cdc.gov)
- Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe. (biomedsearch.com)
- Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. (biomedsearch.com)
- However, during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and animals in Europe have increased. (biomedsearch.com)
- These results indicate that reactivation of dormant C. gattii infections can occur many years after the infectious agent was acquired elsewhere. (biomedsearch.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are 2 environmental, encapsulated yeasts that cause invasive, potentially life-threatening infections in humans and animals (1). (thefreelibrary.com)
- Importance: Cryptococcus gattii is the causative agent responsible for ongoing infections in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and western Canada. (broadinstitute.org)
- These infections are attributable to three clonal lineages of C. gattii, VGIIa, VGIIb, and VGIIc, with only VGIIa identified once previously in the Pacific Northwest prior to the start of the outbreak, albeit in a less virulent form. (broadinstitute.org)
- The pathogenic species of Cryptococcus are a major cause of mortality owing to severe infections in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. (duke.edu)
- This investigation clearly suggests a promising strategy to identify novel targets for improved diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.IMPORTANCE Opportunistic infections caused by species of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus lead to chronic meningoencephalitis and continue to ravage thousands of patients with HIV/AIDS. (duke.edu)
- A significant exception to this is the infections of those with apparently normal immune systems by Cryptococcus gattii. (semanticscholar.org)
- gattii has been more frequently associated with disease in tropical and subtropical areas, infections throughout the world, including the United States and Europe, have been reported [3,4]. (who.int)
- Cryptococcosis is one of the more common systemic fungal infections caused by two main species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii . (biomedcentral.com)
- Like other fungal infections, C. gattii cannot be spread from person to person. (blogspot.com)
- Since 1999, an outbreak of C. gattii infections has occurred in eastern Vancouver Island , [8] an area not generally thought to be endemic for this organism. (wikipedia.org)
- In Oregon, human and animal infections by C. gattii were first identified in 2004. (biomedcentral.com)
- In 1999, C. gattii infections emerged on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC). (biomedcentral.com)
- In Oregon, human and animal infections by C. gattii were first identified in 2004, and they have subsequently been identified in Washington State as well [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- IMPORTANCE Opportunistic infections caused by species of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus lead to chronic meningoencephalitis and continue to ravage thousands of patients with HIV/AIDS. (elsevier.com)
- Cryptococcus gattii infections. (springer.com)
- Although most cryptococal infections occur in HIV, one member of the family, Cryptococcus gattii, causes outbreaks in healthy individuals, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. (abc.net.au)
Lineages2
- Copy number variation contributes to cryptic genetic variation in outbreak lineages of Cryptococcus gattii from the North American Pacific Northwest. (cdc.gov)
- Transmission of Hypervirulence traits via sexual reproduction within and between lineages of the human fungal pathogen cryptococcus gattii. (duke.edu)
Cryptococcosis caused3
- Since 1999, cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has appeared on southern Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and nearby surrounding areas (2,3). (thefreelibrary.com)
- Another study described Tsunami survivors from Thailand who suffered from primary cutaneous cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Given the increasing prevalence of cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii (serotypes B and C) strains, there is a need for rapid and reliable tests that discriminate C. gattii from Cryptococcus neoformans (serotypes A, D, and AD). (elsevier.com)
Genes3
- We report here an analysis of genes potentially involved in iron, copper, and zinc uptake and homeostasis in the fungal pathogens Paracoccidioides brasiliensis , Cryptococcus neoformans var. (frontiersin.org)
- grubii , and C. gattii for genes involved in metal homeostasis provide important groundwork for numerous interesting future areas of investigation that are required in order to validate and explore the function of the identified genes and gene pathways. (frontiersin.org)
- Transcriptional profiling revealed that zinc levels regulated the expression of the ZIP1, ZIP2 and ZIP3 genes, although only the C. gattii zinc transporter Zip1 was required for yeast growth under zinc-limiting conditions. (pasteur.fr)
Immunocompetent hosts2
- The key ability of yeast and spores to enter, survive, multiply, and exit host cells and to infect immunocompetent hosts distinguishes C. gattii as a primary pathogen and suggest evolution of C. gattii pathogenesis as a result of interaction with plants and other organisms in its environmental niche. (nih.gov)
- C. neoformans causes disease in immunocompromised hosts, and C. gattii is also pathogenic in immunocompetent hosts (2). (thefreelibrary.com)
Pathogens1
- Members of the Cryptococcus species complex (C. neoformans and C. gattii) are opportunistic pathogens responsible for frequently fatal cases of meningoencephalitis. (unl.pt)
Fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii2
- The relatively uncommon fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii recently emerged as a significant cause of cryptococcal disease in human and animals in the Pacific Northwest of North America. (hindawi.com)
- An outbreak of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii began in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) in the late 1990s. (broadinstitute.org)
Pacific Northwest12
- The emergence of clusters of cryptococcosis due to C. gattii in British Columbia, Canada, in 1999, with subsequent spread to the United States Pacific Northwest, has challenged our understanding of this disease [ 1-3 ]. (uptodate.com)
- Although genetic studies indicated its possible presence in the Pacific Northwest for more than 30 years, C. gattii as an etiological agent was largely unknown in this region prior to 1999. (hindawi.com)
- Over the past two decades, several fungal outbreaks have occurred, including the high-profile 'Vancouver Island' and 'Pacific Northwest' outbreaks, caused by Cryptococcus gattii, which has affected hundreds of otherwise healthy humans and animals. (nih.gov)
- For example, over the past decade, an unusual lineage of Cryptococcus gattii , which was first detected on Vancouver Island, has spread to the Canadian mainland and the Pacific Northwest infecting otherwise healthy individuals. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- The last parasite from "Whale Week" is Cryptococcus gattii , which both infects whales and dolphins, but also has been all over the news lately because it has been spreading across the Pacific Northwest and killing people as well. (blogspot.com)
- Here we report that C. gattii may also be endemic to the southeastern United States and has probably been present there longer than in the Pacific Northwest. (cdc.gov)
- By now you know, dear readers, that Cryptococcus gattii ( CG ), the deadly fungal pathogen and a native of tropical and subtropical regions of the world, has stealthily charted itself a course of world domination, starting with the Pacific Northwest of North America . (inscientioveritas.org)
- Background: Cryptococcus gattii has been the cause of an ongoing outbreak starting in 1999 on Vancouver Island, British Columbia and spreading to mainland Canada and the US Pacific Northwest. (elsevier.com)
- Since 1999 a lineage of the pathogen Cryptococcus gattii has been infecting humans and other animals in Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the USA. (duke.edu)
- Since 2009, Alaska has participated in the CDC-led Pacific Northwest C. gattii working group, which has been interested in enhanced surveillance for C. gattii ( 1 , 2 ). (blogspot.com)
- That was followed by an outbreak in Oregon of another new strain of C. gattii, which also displayed increased lethality and similarly spread throughout the Pacific Northwest. (tgen.org)
- The study, "Cryptococcus gattii in North American Pacific Northwest: whole population genome analysis provides insights into species evolution and dispersal ," was supported by a grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) of South Africa. (tgen.org)
Cryptococcal1
- This communication describes the consensus multi-locus typing scheme established by the Cryptococcal Working Group I (Genotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii) of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) using seven unlinked genetic loci for global strain genotyping. (ox.ac.uk)
Molecular type2
Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans2
- Four strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (asm.org)
- Fourteen strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were studied for comparison. (bvsalud.org)
19993
- During 1999, C. gattii began appearing in animals and humans on Vancouver Island and, beginning in 2004, among mainland British Columbia residents who had no exposure to Vancouver Island ( 2,4 ). (cdc.gov)
- From 1999 through to early 2008, 216 people in British Columbia have been infected with C. gattii, and eight died from complications related to it. (wikipedia.org)
- C. gattii , which likely originated in Brazil, is responsible for dozens of deaths in recent years since it was first found in 1999 on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, well outside its usual tropical habitats. (tgen.org)
Emergence2
- In 2008, in response to the emergence of C. gattii in the United States, CDC, state and local public health authorities, and the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) formed the Cryptococcus gattii Public Health Working Group ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- This study concludes that: "Public health vigilance is warranted for emergence in regions where C. gattii is not thought to be endemic. (tgen.org)
Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans2
- Meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans , which primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, but may occasionally affect immunocompetent individuals. (bvsalud.org)
Humans7
- Cryptococcus gattii is an environmentally occurring pathogen that is responsible for causing cryptococcosis marked by pneumonia and meningoencephalitis in humans and animals. (nih.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii causes pneumonia and meningoencephalitis in humans following an inhalation of infectious yeast or airborne hyphae [ 8 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Cryptococcus gattii is a primary pathogenic yeast that causes disease in both animals and humans. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast ubiquitous in nature which, when it infects humans, typically causes pulmonary disease and occasionally meningitis [1]. (who.int)
- Recently, C. gattii was recognized as a distinct pathogen of humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii is a pathogenic yeast that together with Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcosis in humans and animals. (edu.au)
- Cryptococcus gattii, an emerging fungal pathogen of humans and animals, is found on a variety of trees in tropical and temperate regions. (utmb.edu)
Yeast Cryptococcus gattii1
- During the past decade, the basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus gattii has stepped out of the shadows of its sibling C. neoformans . (biomedsearch.com)
Fungi7
- gattii is not known, but its association with decaying wood is suggestive of an endophytic existence, in common with other wood-rot fungi. (nih.gov)
- Various fungi phylogenetically related to C. neoformans, including a phenol oxidase-positive strain of Cryptococcus laurentii obtained from E. camaldulensis, were negative in the nucleic acid hybridization test. (asm.org)
- Many medically important fungi have urease activity, among which are Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Sporothrix schenckii, and species of Trichosporon and Aspergillus. (ufrgs.br)
- Cryptococcus (Greek for "hidden sphere") is a genus of fungi, which grow in culture as yeasts . (wikipedia.org)
- The sexual forms or teleomorphs of Cryptococcus species are filamentous fungi in the genus Filobasidiella . (wikipedia.org)
- The name Cryptococcus is used when referring to the yeast states of the fungi. (wikipedia.org)
- C neoformans and C gattii are the fungi that cause this disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Isolate5
- Case report forms are completed after a patient isolate is confirmed as C. gattii at CDC. (cdc.gov)
- We report the first identification of an isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (nus.edu.sg)
- The present study was performed to isolate Cryptococcus sp. (ijmm.ir)
- The culture yielded Cryptococcus , and the isolate was sent to Oregon State University, Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory (OSU, VDL) for further identification. (biomedcentral.com)
- The purpose of this research was to isolate C. gattii and C. neoformans from different environmental samples in public parks of the city of San Jos de Ccuta. (scribd.com)
North America1
- Engelthaler, David M. / Real-time PCR assays for genotyping of Cryptococcus gattii in North America . (elsevier.com)
Primary pathogen2
Genotypes1
- In 2011, a second set of soil and tree bark samples was collected in the same area and C. gattii VGIIa was again identified from the environment, along with genotypes VGIIb and VGIIc. (biomedcentral.com)
Serotypes2
Susceptibility2
- At present, there are no guidelines with interpretative clinical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints to recognize antifungal susceptibility or resistance in C. gattii . (uptodate.com)
- Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida and Cryptococcus Species and Mechanisms of Resistance: Implications for Clinical Laboratories. (edu.au)
Autochthonous3
- However, autochthonous reports of C. gattii cryptococcosis have now been recognized from tropical and temperate regions. (cdc.gov)
- First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. (uab.cat)
- Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. (uab.cat)
Virulent1
- C. gattii cells with extracellular fibrils were more virulent in murine model of pulmonary and systemic cryptococcosis than cells lacking fibrils. (utmb.edu)
VGIII3
- Soil debris associated with certain tree species has been found frequently to contain C. gattii VGIII MATα and MATa, and less commonly VGI MATα, in Southern California. (wikipedia.org)
- En México y Argentina, sin embargo, después del VNI, los tipos moleculares VGIII y VGI son los más comunes entre los aislados de C. gattii, respectivamente. (urosario.edu.co)
- Además, se ha propuesto que México y Colombia sean el origen probable de la población de VGIII, ya que los aislados de estos países son el grupo basal de aislados recuperados en todo el mundo. (urosario.edu.co)
Eucalyptus7
- gattii has been consistently isolated from decaying wood in hollows of species of the red gum group of eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus ser. (nih.gov)
- gattii appears to have a specific ecological association with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. (asm.org)
- High numbers of viable C. gattii propagules can be obtained from certain species of Australian Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees, and an epidemiological link between Eucalyptus colonization and human exposure has been proposed. (edu.au)
- Cryptococcus gattii is mostly isolated from Eucalyptus trees and is acquired via inhalation of basidiospores. (ijmm.ir)
- 6 out of 88 samples of Eucalyptus trees were identified as Cryptococcus sp. (ijmm.ir)
- Although Cryptococcus gattii was not isolated from the collected samples, this does not mean that Eucalyptus trees of Tehran are not contaminated. (ijmm.ir)
- gattii is associated with Eucalyptus trees growing in various tropical and subtropical regions of the world. (uab.cat)
Isolation of Cryptococcus1
- First reported isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. (nus.edu.sg)
Yeasts2
- Mediastinal lymph nodes had mild granulomatous inflammation and contained numerous yeasts morphologically consistent with Cryptococcus spp. (thefreelibrary.com)
- The results confirmed the presence of both Cryptococcus species in the Mediterranean environment, and showed that both carob and olive trees represent an important niche for these yeasts. (marmara.edu.tr)
Prevalence3
- However, the highest prevalence of C. gattii cryptococcosis occurs in Papua New Guinea and in regions of Australia where the eucalypt species implicated to date are not endemic. (edu.au)
- Cryptococcus gattii showed the highest prevalence (89%) in S. cumini trees in Delhi, followed by 27%, 12.5% and 9% prevalence in Bulandshahr, Amritsar City and Meerut Cantt. (oup.com)
- The data on high prevalence, fungal population density, perennial colonization and aerial isolations indicate that decayed wood in trunk hollows of S. cumini trees is to-date the main well documented primary environmental niche of C. gattii and C. neoformans in north-western India. (oup.com)
VGIIa1
- It was identified as C. gattii , genotype VGIIa. (biomedcentral.com)
Endemic2
- Neither patient had traveled to Vancouver Island or any other known C. gattii --endemic area. (cdc.gov)
- C. gattii (formerly C. neoformans var gattii ) is endemic to tropical parts of the continent of Africa and Australia. (wikipedia.org)
Vancouver Island1
- Studies on Vancouver Island found C. gattii spores in the environment, often in association with trees and soil ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Meningoencephalitis1
- While C. neoformans is the most common cause of fatal meningoencephalitis, especially in HIV patients, C. gattii has caused disease mainly in non-HIV patients [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Agents of cryptococcosis2
- The Cryptococcus gattii species complex harbors the main etiological agents of cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. (frontiersin.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. (springer.com)
Meningitis3
- Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen that causes primarily meningitis and pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
- Chronic C. gattii meningitis should be aware in a patient presenting with normal pressure hydrocephalus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cryptococcus gattii can also cause meningitis, but this form can cause disease in patients with a normal immune system as well. (medlineplus.gov)
Papua New Gu1
- This study investigated the population structure of three geographically distinct clinical and veterinary populations of C. gattii from Australia and Papua New Guinea. (edu.au)
Sensu stricto1
- Timing the Origin of Cryptococcus gattii sensu stricto, Southeastern United States. (cdc.gov)
R2652
- With the objective to understand the mechanism of induction of CR through non-azoles, the transcriptomes of NA and 10p cells from C. gattii R265 were analyzed. (pasteur.fr)
- Neste trabalho desenvolvemos um procedimento de purificação e apresentamos a caracterização físico-química e cinética da urease de C. gattii, cepa R265, após ter sido purificada na razão de 539 vezes. (ufrgs.br)
Genotype1
- Microbiological culture and molecular typing confirmed the etiology as a unique Cryptococcus gattii variant strain most similar to that of the VGIIb genotype. (cdc.gov)
Etiologic1
- Cryptococcus gattii is known to be an etiologic agent of human cryptococcosis, particularly in immunocompetent persons. (biomedcentral.com)
Pneumonia1
- C. gattii can lead to pneumonia or formation of cryptococcomas. (cdc.gov)
Dispersal1
- Given what is known about the potential for dispersal of C. gattii ( 4 ), the owner was extensively interviewed about travel history of the cat and household members, and any travelers to or visitors from California who may have brought items into the house. (blogspot.com)
Outbreaks1
- Here we used phylogenetic and recombination analyses, based on AFLP and multiple MLST datasets, and coalescence gene genealogy to demonstrate that these outbreaks have arisen from a highly-recombining C. gattii population in the native rainforest of Northern Brazil. (nih.gov)
Subtype2
- Molecular typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to definitively speciate and subtype C. gattii (6). (thefreelibrary.com)
- Subtype assays were designed based on whole-genome sequence of 20 C. gattii strains. (elsevier.com)
Species complex2
- This study aimed to compare the capacities of different species of the C. gattii species complex to induce cytokines and antimicrobial molecules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (ru.nl)
- neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. (cu.edu.tr)
Temperate2
- The ever expanding reports of clinical and environmental isolation of C. gattii in temperate climates strongly imply C. gattii occurs world-wide. (nih.gov)
- C. gattii can survive wide climatic variations and colonize the environment in tropical, subtropical, temperate, and dry climates. (hindawi.com)
Bacillisporus3
- Cryptococcus bacillisporus and C. deuterogattii induced the lowest levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 among the five species of the C. gattii complex. (ru.nl)
- All Cryptococcus species were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human PBMCs, with C. bacillisporus and C. deuterogattii being more efficient than the other species. (ru.nl)
- it has been proposed that it be divided into five species - C. gattii , C. bacillisporus , ' C. deuterogattii , C. tetragattii , and C. decagattii . (wikipedia.org)