Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus gattii
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)
Antifungal Agents
Lung Diseases, Fungal
Melanins
Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
Fluconazole
Laccase
A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
Virulence
Meningoencephalitis
Amphotericin B
Mycology
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Drug Resistance, Fungal
Candida
A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Northwestern United States
Serotyping
Environmental Microbiology
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Itraconazole
Phagocytosis
DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
Yeasts
Trichosporon
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections
MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).
Lysophospholipase
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Candida albicans
Fungal Vaccines
Cell Wall
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Virulence Factors
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Columbidae
Pheromones
Eucalyptus
Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
Lung
Basidiomycota
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Haploidy
Meningitis, Fungal
Central Nervous System Infections
Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS; fungal infections; PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS; HELMINTHIASIS; and PRION DISEASES may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process.
Fungal Polysaccharides
Hyphae
Acanthamoeba castellanii
Fungemia
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Mitosporic Fungi
Urease
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Early mycological treatment failure in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. (1/529)
Cryptococcal meningitis causes significant morbidity and mortality in persons with AIDS. Of 236 AIDS patients treated with amphotericin B plus flucytosine, 29 (12%) died within 2 weeks and 62 (26%) died before 10 weeks. Just 129 (55%) of 236 patients were alive with negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures at 10 weeks. Multivariate analyses identified that titer of cryptococcal antigen in CSF, serum albumin level, and CD4 cell count, together with dose of amphotericin B, had the strongest joint association with failure to achieve negative CSF cultures by day 14. Among patients with similar CSF cryptococcal antigen titers, CD4 cell counts, and serum albumin levels, the odds of failure at week 10 for those without negative CSF cultures by day 14 was five times that for those with negative CSF cultures by day 14 (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-10.9). Prognosis is dismal for patients with AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis. Multivariate analyses identified three components that, along with initial treatment, have the strongest joint association with early outcome. Clearly, more effective initial therapy and patient management strategies that address immune function and nutritional status are needed to improve outcomes of this disease. (+info)In vitro susceptibilities of clinical yeast isolates to the new antifungal eberconazole compared with their susceptibilities to clotrimazole and ketoconazole. (2/529)
The antifungal activity of eberconazole, a new imidazole derivative, against 124 clinical isolates of Candida comprising eight different species and to 34 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans was compared to those of clotrimazole and ketoconazole. MICs of eberconazole, determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards standardized microbroth method, were equal to or lower than those of other azoles, especially for Candida krusei and Candida glabrata, which are usually resistant to triazoles. (+info)Topoisomerase I is essential in Cryptococcus neoformans: role In pathobiology and as an antifungal target. (3/529)
Topisomerase I is the target of several toxins and chemotherapy agents, and the enzyme is essential for viability in some organisms, including mice and drosophila. We have cloned the TOP1 gene encoding topoisomerase I from the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. The C. neoformans topoisomerase I contains a fungal insert also found in topoisomerase I from Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is not present in the mammalian enzyme. We were unable to disrupt the topoisomerase I gene in this haploid organism by homologous recombination in over 8000 transformants analyzed. When a second functional copy of the TOP1 gene was introduced into the genome, the topoisomerase I gene could be readily disrupted by homologous recombination (at 7% efficiency). Thus, topoisomerase I is essential in C. neoformans. This new molecular strategy with C. neoformans may also be useful in identifying essential genes in other pathogenic fungi. To address the physiological and pathobiological functions of the enzyme, the TOP1 gene was fused to the GAL7 gene promoter. The resulting GAL7::TOP1 fusion gene was modestly regulated by carbon source in a serotype A strain of C. neoformans. Modest overexpression of topoisomerase I conferred sensitivity to heat shock, gamma-rays, and camptothecin. In contrast, alterations in topoisomerase I levels had no effect on the toxicity of a novel class of antifungal agents, the dicationic aromatic compounds (DACs), indicating that topoisomerase I is not the target of DACs. In an animal model of cryptococcal meningitis, topoisomerase I regulation was not critically important to established infection, but may impact on the initial stress response to infection. In summary, our studies reveal that topoisomerase I is essential in the human pathogen C. neoformans and represents a novel target for antifungal agents. (+info)Comparison of three commercial systems for identification of yeasts commonly isolated in the clinical microbiology laboratory. (4/529)
We evaluated three commercial systems (RapID Yeast Plus System; Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.; API 20C Aux; bioMerieux-Vitek, Hazelwood, Mo.; and Vitek Yeast Biochemical Card, bioMerieux-Vitek) against an auxinographic and microscopic morphologic reference method for the ability to identify yeasts commonly isolated in our clinical microbiology laboratory. Two-hundred one yeast isolates were compared in the study. The RapID Yeast Plus System was significantly better than either API 20C Aux (193 versus 167 correct identifications; P < 0.0001) or the Vitek Yeast Biochemical Card (193 versus 173 correct identifications; P = 0.003) for obtaining correct identifications to the species level without additional testing. There was no significant difference between results obtained with API 20C Aux and the Vitek Yeast Biochemical Card system (P = 0.39). The API 20C Aux system did not correctly identify any of the Candida krusei isolates (n = 23) without supplemental testing and accounted for the major differences between the API 20C Aux and RapID Yeast Plus systems. Overall, the RapID Yeast Plus System was easy to use and is a good system for the routine identification of clinically relevant yeasts. (+info)Variation in Microbial Identification System accuracy for yeast identification depending on commercial source of Sabouraud dextrose agar. (5/529)
The accuracy of the Microbial Identification System (MIS; MIDI, Inc. ) for identification of yeasts to the species level was compared by using 438 isolates grown on prepoured BBL Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and prepoured Remel SDA. Correct identification was observed for 326 (74%) of the yeasts cultured on BBL SDA versus only 214 (49%) of yeasts grown on Remel SDA (P < 0.001). The commercial source of the SDA used in the MIS procedure significantly influences the system's accuracy. (+info)Comparative study of seven commercial yeast identification systems. (6/529)
AIMS: To compare the performance of seven commercial yeast identification methods with that of a reference method, and to compare the costs of the commercial kits. METHODS: Clinical yeast isolates (n = 52), comprising 19 species, were identified using Vitek, Api ID 32C, Api 20C AUX, Yeast Star, Auxacolor, RapID Yeast Plus system, and Api Candida and compared with a reference method which employed conventional tests. RESULTS: The percentage of correctly identified isolates varied between 59.6% and 80.8%. Overall, the highest performance was obtained with Api Candida (78.8%) and Auxacolor (80.8%). Among germ tube negative yeast isolates, Auxacolor and Api Candida both identified 93.1% of isolates correctly. All systems failed to identify C norvegensis, C catenulata, C haemulonii, and C dubliniensis. In comparison with Auxacolor, the Api Candida is less expensive and requires less bench time. CONCLUSIONS: Auxacolor and Api Candida appeared to be the most useful systems for identification of germ tube negative yeast isolates in clinical microbiology laboratories, although one should be aware that several germ tube negative Candida species cannot be identified by these systems. (+info)Binding energy and specificity in the catalytic mechanism of yeast aldose reductases. (7/529)
Derivatives of d-xylose and d-glucose, in which the hydroxy groups at C-5, and C-5 and C-6 were replaced by fluorine, hydrogen and azide, were synthesized and used as substrates of the NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reduction catalysed by aldose reductases isolated from the yeasts Candida tenuis, C. intermedia and Cryptococcus flavus. Steady-state kinetic analysis showed that, in comparison with the parent aldoses, the derivatives were reduced with up to 3000-fold increased catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)), reflecting apparent substrate binding constants (K(m)) decreased to as little as 1/250 and, for d-glucose derivatives, up to 5.5-fold increased maximum initial rates (k(cat)). The effects on K(m) mirror the relative proportion of free aldehyde that is available in aqueous solution for binding to the binary complex enzyme-NAD(P)H. The effects on k(cat) reflect non-productive binding of the pyranose ring of sugars; this occurs preferentially with the NADPH-dependent enzymes. No transition-state stabilization energy seems to be derived from hydrogen-bonding interactions between enzyme-NAD(P)H and positions C-5 and C-6 of the aldose. In contrast, unfavourable interactions with the C-6 group are used together with non-productive binding to bring about specificity (6-10 kJ/mol) in a series of d-aldoses and to prevent the reaction with poor substrates such as d-glucose. Azide introduced at C-5 or C-6 destabilizes the transition state of reduction of the corresponding hydrogen-substituted aldoses by approx. 4-9 kJ/mol. The total transition state stabilization energy derived from hydrogen bonds between hydroxy groups of the substrate and enzyme-NAD(P)H is similar for all yeast aldose reductases (yALRs), at approx. 12-17 kJ/mol. Three out of four yALRs manage on only hydrophobic enzyme-substrate interactions to achieve optimal k(cat), whereas the NAD(P)H-dependent enzyme from C. intermedia requires additional, probably hydrogen-bonding, interactions with the substrate for efficient turnover. (+info)Intraspecies diversity of Cryptococcus laurentii as revealed by sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and 28S rRNA gene and taxonomic position of C. laurentii clinical isolates. (8/529)
The intraspecies diversity of an opportunistic yeast pathogen, Cryptococcus laurentii, was revealed by analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions and the 28S rRNA gene. Ten strains of C. laurentii were grouped into two major phylogenetic groups and were further divided into at least seven species. Four of the strains isolated from patients did not represent a single species but showed heterogeneity. These results suggest that C. laurentii is a genetically heterogeneous species, and this must be taken into consideration when identifying C. laurentii clinical isolates. (+info)
Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) Skinner ATCC ® 18803™
Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner ATCC ® 66030™
Assignment on Cryptococcosis - Assignment Point
The mating type locus (MAT) and sexual reproduction of Cryptococcus heveanensis: insights into the evolution of sex and sex...
Cryptococcus | Article about Cryptococcus by The Free Dictionary
IJPBS Article- RELATIVE EFFICACY OF AM FUNGI ON GUIZOTIA ABYSSINICA (L.F) CASS., (NIGER)
Home - Cryptococcus wieringae v1.0
Diğer Atıf Dizinlerdeki Yayınlar
Cryptococcus | Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Aseraggodes albidus, White sole
I206 03179 - Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein - Kwoniella pini CBS 10737 - I206 03179 gene & protein
Cryptococcus: the types - In Scientio, Veritas
Gıda katkı maddeleri listesi - Vikipedi
Adaltech Solu es para Eventos - www.adaltech.com.br - Programa Cient fico
Extracellular fibrils of pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus gattii are important for ecological niche, murine virulence and human...
Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe.
Cryptococcus gattii Infections in Multiple States Outside the US Pacific Northwest - Volume 19, Number 10-October 2013 -...
Molecular typing of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D clinical isolates • Research - Institut Pasteur
Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans | Microbiology Society
Clinical significance of low serum cryptococcal antigen titers by lateral flow assay in immunocompromised patients: a...
Invasion of the central nervous system by Cryptococcus neoformans requires a secreted fungal metalloprotease<...
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Is Confined to Few Microsatellite Genotypes
Cryptococcus | definition of Cryptococcus by Medical dictionary
Cryptococcus gattii infection: Treatment
Evidence of Sexual Recombination among Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype A Isolates in Sub-Saharan Africa | Eukaryotic Cell
reagents-molecular-assay-infection-fungiyeast-cryptococcus-neoformans
KEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A
Creating deletion strains to study the role of the argonaute and dicer genes in RNA interference in Cryptococcus neoformans ,...
A New Lineage of Cryptococcus gattii (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands | mBio
Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
Cryptococcus neoformans CAP59 protein
Summary Report | CureHunter
More information about the natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans<...
ASMscience | Books
Welcome to CDC stacks | Multisite Validation of Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay and Quantification by Laser Thermal...
M.M.P.N.D. - Sorting Guizotia names
JCI -
Welcome
Preventing Deaths From Cryptococcal Meningitis: From Bench to Bedside - PubMed
Growth inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans by cultured human monocytes: role of the capsule, opsonins, the culture surface,...
Routine cryptococcal antigen screening for HIV-infected patients with low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts: time to implement in South...
Routine cryptococcal antigen screening for HIV-infected patients with low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts: time to implement in South...
Cryptococcus neoformans in cats | Vetlexicon Felis from Vetlexicon | Definitive Veterinary Intelligence
Dining and Restaurants in Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC) - Listings Canada
Projects Funded | Vancouver Island Kidney Patients Association (VIKPA)
Soothing Lip Balm-Cinnamon -CURE SOAPS | Natural Skincare | Vancouver Island
Giving Tuesday | GivingTuesday is a National Giving Day
Metatranscriptomics as a tool to identify fungal species and subspecies in mixed communities - a proof of concept under...
Role of dectin-1 in the host defense to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans (44.17) | The Journal of Immunology
Cryptococcus neoformans - Humpath.com - Human pathology
Frontiers | Capsule Enlargement in Cryptococcus neoformans Is Dependent on Mitochondrial Activity | Microbiology
Isolation and characterization of yeast species from ensete ventricosum product; Kocho and Bulla collected from Angacha district
National coverage of reflex cryptococcal antigen screening: A milestone achievement in the care of persons with advanced HIV...
CAZy - Eukaryota
Hybrid population of cryptococcus neoformans includes strains homozygous at mating-type locus | Archivio Istituzionale della...
Deletion of the sex-determining gene SXI1α enhances the spread of mitochondrial introns in Cryptococcus neoformans
- McMaster...
Fluorescein method (fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide) to study the viability of Cryptococcus neoformans in liquor
Cryptococcus neoformans - Opportunistic Mycoses - Microbiology - Picmonic for Medicine
Arturo Casadevall
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates, in: Journal of ... Books 2011, Cryptococcus: from human pathogen to model yeast. with co-editors J. Heitman, T.R. Kozel, KJ Kwon-Chung, and JR ... 2011). Cryptococcus: from human pathogen to model yeast (1st ed.). ISBN 978-1555815011. Ma, H; Croudace, JE; Lammas, DA; May, ... 1998, Cryptococcus neoformans. with co-author John R. Perfect, ASM Press. Highly Cited Articles 2020, with Liise-anne Pirofski ...
NIAID ChemDB
Pneumocystis carinni Cryptococcus spp. Candida spp. Aspergillus spp. Microsporidia Toxoplasma gondii Cryptosporidium parvum ...
Cat health
Cryptococcus. *Malassezia pachydermatis. Parasites[edit]. Veterinary parasitology studies both external and internal parasites ...
Urease
Nocardia Corynebacterium urealyticum Cryptococcus spp., an opportunistic fungus Helicobacter pylori Certain Enteric bacteria ...
Multicellular organism
Cryptococcus, and other yeasts). It may also have occurred in some red algae (e.g., Porphyridium), but it is possible that they ...
Fungemia
Aspergillus and Cryptococcus, are also called fungemia. It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised ...
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Primary infection, although poorly understood due to lack of data, is thought to occur through inhalation of the conidia through the respiratory tract, after inhaling fungal conidia produced by the mycelial form of P. brasiliensis.[10][16] This occurs predominantly in childhood and young adulthood, after exposure to agricultural activity.[9] Infection may occur through direct skin inoculation, although this is rare.[11] After inhalation into the alveoli, there is rapid multiplication of the organism in the lung tissue, sometimes spreading via the venous and lymphatic systems.[10] Approximately 2% of people develop clinical features after the initial asymptomatic infection.[11] The type of immune response determines the clinical manifestation of the infection, with children and HIV co-infected individuals most commonly developing the acute/subacute disseminated disease.[10] Most of those infected develop a Type 1 T-cell (Th1) mediated immune response, resulting in alveolitis and compact granuloma ...
Sporotrichosis
... (also known as "rose gardener's disease"[1]) is a disease caused by the infection of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii.[2] This fungal disease usually affects the skin, although other rare forms can affect the lungs, joints, bones, and even the brain. Because roses can spread the disease, it is one of a few diseases referred to as rose-thorn or rose-gardeners' disease.[3] Because S. schenckii is naturally found in soil, hay, sphagnum moss, and plants, it usually affects farmers, gardeners, and agricultural workers.[2] It enters through small cuts and abrasions in the skin to cause the infection. In case of sporotrichosis affecting the lungs, the fungal spores enter through the respiratory pathways. Sporotrichosis can also be acquired from handling cats with the disease; it is an occupational hazard for veterinarians. Sporotrichosis progresses slowly - the first symptoms may appear 1 to 12 weeks (average 3 weeks) after the initial exposure to the fungus. Serious complications can ...
Candida krusei
C. krusei grows at a maximum temperature of 43-45 °C. Although most of the medically important Candida spp. require biotin for growth and some have additional vitamin requirements, only C. krusei can grow in vitamin-free media. However, of the medically important Candida spp., C. krusei is perhaps the only species which grows on Sabouraud's dextrose agar as spreading colonies with a matte or a rough whitish yellow surface, in contrast to the convex colonies of other Candida spp. This characteristic, together with its "long grain rice" appearance on microscopy, helps the definitive identification of the species. A complex variety of fatty acids has been demonstrated as metabolites when C. krusei is grown in culture media containing lactose, it is also able to produce a number of short-chain carboxylic acids when cultured in saliva supplemented with glucose; these include acetate, pyruvate, succinate, propionate, formate and lactate. The biological role of these, if any, is as yet unknown. ...
List of infectious diseases
Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium species Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) usually Ancylostoma braziliense ...
List of parasites of humans
Toxoplasmosis is becoming a global health hazard as it infects 30-50% of the world human population. Clinically, the life-long presence of the parasite in tissues of a majority of infected individuals is usually considered asymptomatic. However, a number of studies show that this 'asymptomatic infection' may also lead to development of other human pathologies. ... The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis correlated with various disease burden. Statistical associations does not necessarily mean causality. The precautionary principle suggests however that possible role of toxoplasmosis as a triggering factor responsible for development of several clinical entities deserves much more attention and financial support both in everyday medical practice and future clinical research ...
Candidiasis
Candida yeasts are generally present in healthy humans, frequently part of the human body's normal oral and intestinal flora, and particularly on the skin; however, their growth is normally limited by the human immune system and by competition of other microorganisms, such as bacteria occupying the same locations in the human body.[41] Candida requires moisture for growth, notably on the skin.[42] For example, wearing wet swimwear for long periods of time is believed to be a risk factor.[43] Candida can also cause diaper rashes in babies.[35] In extreme cases, superficial infections of the skin or mucous membranes may enter the bloodstream and cause systemic Candida infections. Factors that increase the risk of candidiasis include HIV/AIDS, mononucleosis, cancer treatments, steroids, stress, antibiotic usage, diabetes, and nutrient deficiency. Hormone replacement therapy and infertility treatments may also be predisposing factors.[44] Use of inhaled corticosteroids increases risk of candidiasis ...
Dermatophyte
Rapid in office testing can be done with scraping of the nail, skin, or scalp. Characteristic hyphae can be seen interspersed among the epithelial cells. Trichophyton tonsurans, the causative agent of tinea capitis (scalp infection) can be seen as solidly packed arthrospores within the broken hairshafts scraped from the plugged black dots of the scalp.. Fungal culture medium is used for positive identification of the species. Usually fungal growth is noted in 5 to 14 days. Microscopic morphology of the micro- and macroconidia is the most reliable identification character, but a good slide preparation is needed, and also needed is the stimulation of sporulation in some strains. Culture characteristics such as surface texture, topography and pigmentation are variable so they are the least reliable criteria for identification. Clinical information such as the appearance of the lesion, site, geographic location, travel history, animal contacts and race is also important, especially in identifying ...
Entomophthorales
Recent debate has centered on whether the Basidiobolaceae should be included in the Entomophthorales, or raised to ordinal status. Molecular systematics approaches so far give an ambiguous answer. Some analyses suggest the Basdiobolaceae are more closely related to certain chytrid fungi than to the Entomophthorales.[3] Others find weak support to maintain them in the Entomophthorales.[4] Morphological characters can be found to support either hypothesis. ...
Mucormycosis
Not every hospital in the USA is required to publicize details of infectious outbreaks which occur within their facilities. In 2014, details of a lethal mucormycosis outbreak[13] which occurred in 2008 emerged after television and newspaper reports responded to an article in a pediatric medical journal.[14] Contaminated hospital linen was found to be spreading the infection. A cluster of infections occurred in the wake of the 2011 Joplin tornado. As of July 19, a total of 18 suspected cases of cutaneous mucormycosis had been identified, of which 13 were confirmed. A confirmed case was defined as 1) necrotizing soft-tissue infection requiring antifungal treatment or surgical debridement in a person injured in the tornado, 2) with illness onset on or after May 22 and 3) positive fungal culture or histopathology and genetic sequencing consistent with a Mucormycete. No additional cases related to that outbreak have been reported since June 17. Ten patients required admission to an intensive-care ...
Coccidioides immitis
For patients who are unresponsive to fluconazole, options are limited. Several case reports have studied the efficacy of three newer antifungal agents in the treatment of disease that is refractory to first-line therapy: posaconazole and voriconazole (triazole compounds similar in structure to fluconazole) and caspofungin (glucan synthesis inhibitor of the echinocandin structural class). However, these drugs have not been FDA approved, and clinical trials are lacking. Susceptibility testing of Coccidioides species in one report revealed uniform susceptibility to most antifungal agents, including these newer drugs. In very severe cases, combination therapy with amphotericin B and an azole have been postulated, although no trials have been conducted. Caspofungin in combination with fluconazole has been cited as beneficial in a case report of a 31-year-old Asian patient with coccidioidal pneumonia. In a case report of a 23-year-old Black male with HIV and coccidioidal meningitis, combination ...
Gene density
"Cryptococcus neoformans (ID 61) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14. "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/ ... "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Cryptococcus_neoformans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000091045.1_ASM9104v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. ...
Infection
Basidiomycota, including the human-pathogenic genus Cryptococcus. Prions (although they don't secrete toxins) Parasites, which ... Mada, Pradeep Kumar; Jamil, Radia T.; Alam, Mohammed U. (2019), "Cryptococcus (Cryptococcosis)", StatPearls, StatPearls ...
Bacterial capsule
Casadevall A, Coelho C, Cordero RJ, Dragotakes Q, Jung E, Vij R, Wear MP (December 2019). "Cryptococcus neoformans". Virulence ... O'Meara TR, Alspaugh JA (July 2012). "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: a sword and a shield". Clinical Microbiology Reviews ... Gates MA, Thorkildson P, Kozel TR (April 2004). "Molecular architecture of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule". Molecular ... Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus aureus The yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, though not a bacterium, has a similar ...
Mount Melbourne
Other fungi reported are Acremonium charticola, Chaetomium sp., Cryptococcus, Mucor and Penicillium "Antarctica Ultra- ...
Tremellaceae
Molecular research has also indicated that the genus Filobasidiella (and its yeast state Cryptococcus) should be included ... 2004). "Genetic requirements for virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans". In Domer JE, Kobayashi GS (eds.). Human Fungal ... and the yeast genus Cryptococcus, several species of which are human pathogens, causing cryptococcosis. Fries created the ... "Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species and Closely Related Saprobic Taxa in the ...
Inositol 2-dehydrogenase
Vidal-Leiria M, van Uden N (1973). "Inositol dehydrogenase from the yeast Cryptococcus melibiosum". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 293 ...
Fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can live in both plants and animals. C. neoformans usually infects the ... Perfect JR (June 2006). "Cryptococcus neoformans: the yeast that likes it hot". FEMS Yeast Research. 6 (4): 463-8. doi:10.1111/ ... Lin X, Hull CM, Heitman J (April 2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus ... Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J (August 2005). "Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection ...
3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose xylosylphosphotransferase
"A novel xylosylphosphotransferase activity discovered in Cryptococcus neoformans". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (52 ...
Carlyn Halde
Halde, C.; Fraher, M. A. (1966-03-01). "Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon feces in San Francisco". California Medicine. 104 (3 ...
Asterotremella albida
It is also referred to as Cryptococcus ramirezgomezianus. Prillinger, Hansjörg; Lopandic, Ksenija; Sugita, Takashi; Wuczkowski ...
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
IRIS has been described in immunocompetent hosts who have meningitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans ... Lane, M.; McBride, J.; Archer, J. (23 August 2004). "Steroid responsive late deterioration in Cryptococcus neoformans variety ... Wiesner, Darin L.; Boulware, David R. (4 August 2011). "Cryptococcus-Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS ... in whom Cryptococcus neoformans is the usual pathogen. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids during IRIS may be beneficial in ...
Ptilomycalin A
Dalisay DS, Saludes JP, Molinski TF (2011). "Ptilomycalin A inhibits laccase and melanization in Cryptococcus neoformans". ...
David Sidney Feingold
Uridine diphosphate D-xylose: acceptor xylosyltransferase of Cryptococcus laurentii. Interferon production in mice by cell wall ... 21:543-546, 1965 Uridine diphosphate D-xylose: acceptor xylosyltransferase of Cryptococcus laurentii. Cohen, A. and Feingold, D ...
Katherine Franz
She has looked at iron and copper as ionophores; which are important in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Franz also ...
Cryptococcus fagisuga - Wikipedia
Cryptococcus fagisuga, commonly known as the beech scale or woolly beech scale, is a felted scale insect in the superfamily ... Cryptococcus fagisuga aka Beech bark disease has been recorded as affecting common beech trees, Fagus sylvatica, in Europe ... Cryptococcus fagisuga (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), an invasive pest in North America. Biological Control, 39(1), 9-18. Retrieved ... from http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1049964406001058 Population dynamics of beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga) ...
Cryptococcus Gattii Infection | Summary | NNDSS
Cryptococcus Gattii Infection | 2015 Case Definition
Detection of Cryptococcus gattii-specific nucleic acid in clinical specimen; or *Demonstration of Cryptococcus gattii in a ... Two species of Cryptococcus cause the vast majority of human infections: C. neoformans and C. gattii. C. neoformans has a clear ... Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen that causes primarily meningitis and pneumonia. The incidence of cryptococcal ... Isolation of Cryptococcus gattii from a clinical specimen; or. * ... Cryptococcus Gattii Infection (C. gattii). 2015 Case Definition ...
Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. - PubMed - NCBI
Cryptococcus gattii infection: Treatment
Cryptococcus gattiihas emerged as an important fungal pathogen. Infection manifests most often as potentially fatal ... See Cryptococcus gattii infection: Microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis and Cryptococcus gattii infection: Clinical ... Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint ... Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint ...
Cryptococcus aerius - Wikipedia
Cryptococcus aerius is an obligate aerobe, that has been previously isolated from soil samples and samples of sand. It has a ... 46:7-27 Shafiee R., Nahvi I. and Emtiazi G. (2005) Bioconversion of Raw Starch to SCP by Coculture of Cryptococcus aerius and ... Fonseca A., Scorzeti G., and Fell J. (2000) Diversity in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus and related species as revealed by ...
Cryptococcus mangaliensis - Wikipedia
Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii --- Pacific Northwest, 2004--2010
Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, of which two species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, cause nearly all human ... Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Med Mycol 2001;39:155--68.. * Fyfe M, MacDougall L, Romney M, et al. Cryptococcus ... Source: Cryptococcus gattii Public Health Working Group.. * Defined as illness occurring on or after January 1, 2004, in a U.S ... Source: Cryptococcus gattii Public Health Working Group.. * Defined as illness occurring on or after January 1, 2004, in a U.S ...
Extracellular iron chelation in Cryptococcus neoformans. - PubMed - NCBI
Cryptococcus fagisuga (beech coccus)
Cryptococcus fagi and beech bark disease in Lyons State forest (Normandy, France). [Cryptococcus fagi (Barspr.) et ... Presence of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger (Homoptera: Cryptococcidae) in Spain. (Presencia de Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger ... A new Cryptococcus species from North America, with a key to the species of the genus (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Virginia Journal ... However, the genus Cryptococcus is currently regarded as a member of the Eriococcidae (Miller and Gimpel, 2000).. ...
Cryptococcus laurentii Diarrhea in a Neoplastic Patient
... Franco Calista,1 Federica Tomei,1 Pasquale Assalone,1 Divina ... P. Banerjee, M. Haider, V. Trehan et al., "Cryptococcus laurentii Fungemia," Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 31, ... R. A. Colmers, W. Irniger, and D. H. Steinberg, "Cryptococcus neoformans endocarditis cured by amphotericin B," The Journal of ... We present a rare case of diarrhea and neutropenia caused by Cryptococcus laurentii (C. laurentii) infection in old patient ...
JoF | Free Full-Text | Cryptococcus-Epithelial Interactions
The epithelia are also able to react to cryptococci with the release of cytokines and chemokines to start the immune response ... Thus the interaction of cryptococci and the respiratory epithelia will be the focus of this review. C. neoformans has been ... The activity of surfactant components that line this mucosal barrier towards Cryptococcus and the metabolic and transcriptional ... the upper airway and the alveolar epithelial cells of the lower airway are likely to be the first host cells that Cryptococcus ...
Cryptococcus neoformans | MSDSonline
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Cryptococcus neoformans SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Cryptococcosis, Torulosis, European blastomycosis CHARACTERISTICS: Yeast; often budding, surrounded by a wide mucopolysaccharide capsule SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Mycosis presenting as a subacute or chronic meningitis; infection of lung, kidney, prostate, bone or liver may occur; skin lesions, ulcers or subcutaneous tumour-like masses; untreated meningitis terminates fatally within several months EPIDEMIOLOGY: Sporadic cases occur worldwide; males infected twice as frequently as females, mainly adults; important mycosis in immunocompromised patients leg. (Patients with AIDS or severe combined immunodeficiency) HOST RANGE: Humans; cats, dogs, horses, cows, monkeys and other animals INFECTIOUS DOSE: Low level of pathogenicity for normal immunocompetent adults MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Presumably by inhalation INCUBATION PERIOD: Unknown; pulmonary ...
Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) Skinner ATCC ® 18803™
Cryptococcus laurentii ATCC ® 18803™ Designation: CBS 139 [CCRC 20527, CCY 17-3-2, DBVPG 6265, IFO 0609, IFO 0906, MUCL 30398, ... Three new combinations from the Cryptococcus laurentii complex: Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus carnescens and Cryptococcus ... Rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of ... Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) Skinner, anamorph Strain Designations CBS 139 [CCRC 20527, CCY 17-3-2, DBVPG 6265, IFO 0609 ...
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii MW-RSA1955
Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner ATCC ® 66030™
Cryptococcus albidus ATCC ® 66030™ Designation: AmMS 228 Application: Quality control strain Biomedical Research and ... diffluens (= Cryptococcus diffluens). Morphology Colonies cream-colored to tan, liquid to mucoid, glossy, with entire margins. ... Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner (ATCC® 66030™) Strain Designations: AmMS 228 / Product Format: freeze-dried ... The multigene sequence analysis indicates that the strain is closely related to Cryptococcus albidus var. ...
Cryptococcus neoformans | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Evaluation of Vitek MS for Differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes Cryptococcus neoformans ... Identification of Genotypically Diverse Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Isolates by Luminex xMAP Technology M. ... Cryptococcus neoformans Typing by PCR Fingerprinting Using (GACA)4 Primers Based on C. neoformans Genome Project Data Massimo ... Molecular Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans Serotypes A. Enache-Angoulvant, J. Chandenier, F. Symoens, P. Lacube, J. ...
RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | Genetics
RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... RNA Interference in the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Hong Liu, Tricia R. Cottrell, Lynda M. Pierini, William E. ... 1993 Gene transfer in Cryptococcus neoformans by use of biolistic delivery of DNA. J. Bacteriol. 175: 1405-1411. ...
Cryptococcus gattii, no longer an accidental pathogen?
Cryptococcus gattii is an environmentally occurring pathogen that is responsible for causing cryptococcosis marked by pneumonia ... Cryptococcus gattii, no longer an accidental pathogen? Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2012 Dec;6(4):245-256. doi: 10.1007/s12281-012- ... Cryptococcus gattii is an environmentally occurring pathogen that is responsible for causing cryptococcosis marked by pneumonia ...
Cryptococcus albidus | Viticulture and Enology
Cryptococcus albidus as the asexual (anamorphic) form; Filobasidiella neoformans when sexual (telemorphic) Classification: ... 2009). Evaluation of the experimental inoculation of Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus laurentii in normal mice: virulence ... 2000). Diversity in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus and related species as revealed by ribosomal DNA analysis. Can. J. Micro. 46 ... Genus/species: Cryptococcus albidus as the asexual (anamorphic) form; Filobasidiella neoformans when sexual (telemorphic) ...
A Tetrad Analysis of the Basidiomycete Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans | Genetics
Campbell, L. T., and D. A. Carter, 2006 Looking for sex in the fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii ... Lengeler, K. B., D. S. Fox, J. A. Fraser, A. Allen, K. Forrester et al., 2002 Mating-type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans: a ... Nielsen, K., G. M. Cox, P. Wang, D. L. Toffaletti, J. R. Perfect et al., 2003 Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. ... Marra, R. E., J. C. Huang, E. Fung, K. Nielsen, J. Heitman et al., 2004 A genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans ...
The Diagnostic Challenge of an Infrequent Spectrum of Cryptococcus Infection
Cryptococcus is a basidiomycetous yeast ubiquitous in the environment, but a major human fungal pathogen. C. neoformans and C. ... The Diagnostic Challenge of an Infrequent Spectrum of Cryptococcus Infection. Francisco Barbosa De Araujo Neto,1 Camila Corona ... L. Lu, Y. Y. Zhao, H. B. Yang, X. L. Tian, Z. J. Xu, and Z. L. Lu, "Cushings disease with pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans ... J. F. Gibson and S. A. Johnston, "Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii during cryptococcosis," Fungal Genetics and ...
Cryptococcus neoformans - microbewiki
Global Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types. Scientifica ... Genetic control of susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. Infect. Immun. 12. Kechichian TB, Shea J, Del Poeta M. ... Fungi pathogenic to humans: Molecular bases of virulence of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus ... Depletion of alveolar macrophages decreases the dissemination of a glucosylceramide-deficient mutant of Cryptococcus neoformans ...
Cyclic AMP signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans
Compare Current Fungal+Meningitis+Caused+By+Cryptococcus Drugs and Medications with Ratings & Reviews
... cryptococcus? Find a list of current medications, their possible side effects, dosage, and efficacy when used to treat or ... reduce the symptoms of fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus ... cryptococcus? Below is a list of common medications used to ... treat or reduce the symptoms of fungal+meningitis+caused+by+cryptococcus. Follow the links to read common uses, side effects, ...
Characteristics of Killer Toxin of the Yeast Cryptococcus pinus
A killer-toxin preparation was obtained and partly purified from the culture liquid of the yeast Cryptococcus pinus. Its ... This work was aimed to study of fungicidal activity and mechanism of action of the killer toxin of Cryptococcus pinus VKM Y- ... The effects of the killer toxin of Cryptococcus pinus VKM Y-2958 on Cryptococcus terreus VKM Y-2253 cells after 24-h incubation ... The yeast strains were Cryptococcus pinus VKM Y-2958, Cystofilobasidim bisporidii VKM Y-2700 and Cryptococcus terreus VKM Y- ...
KEGG PATHWAY: Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Cryptococcus gattii
JCI -
Glucosylceramide synthase is an essential regulator of pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans
Pathogenesis of cerebralCryptococcus neoformans infection after fungemia. J. Infect. Dis. 186:522-530. View this article via: ... Cryptococcus neoformans survive and replicate in human microglia. Lab. Invest. 73:871-879. View this article via: PubMed Google ... Virulence ofCryptococcus neoformans . Regulation of capsule synthesis by carbon dioxide. J. Clin. Invest. 76:508-516. View this ... Cryptococcus neoformans : intracellular or extracellular? Trends Microbiol. 9:417-418. View this article via: PubMed CrossRef ...
InfectionCryptococcosisAbstractPathogen Cryptococcus neoformansIsolatesFungusATCCStrainsYeastsGrubiiVirulence factorsFungiInfectionsTaxonomyClinicalAlbidusExamined Cryptococcus neoformansOpportunisticPulmonaryLaurentiiInteractionsMacrophagesCapsuleCryptococcalSpecies complexClassificationIsolationSusceptibilityCandidaSaccharomycesResistanceHuman pathogenProteinGeneGenome
Infection21
- Cryptococcus neoformans infection is also reviewed elsewhere. (uptodate.com)
- Cryptococcus is a yeast (type of fungus) that seldom causes infection, but is considered opportunistic (it affects people with weakened immune systems). (medlineplus.gov)
- We present a rare case of diarrhea and neutropenia caused by Cryptococcus laurentii (C. laurentii) infection in old patient with metastatic rectal cancer who underwent FOLFOX plus Cetuximab chemotherapy. (hindawi.com)
- When you share what it's like to have cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection through your profile, those stories and data appear here too. (patientslikeme.com)
- Got a question about living with cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection? (patientslikeme.com)
- Who has cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection on PatientsLikeMe? (patientslikeme.com)
- Distribution of survey respondents who have seen any patient(s) with cryptococcosis during the past year and who have ever treated a patient with Cryptococcus gatti infection, Emerging Infections Network survey, March-February 2011. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcosis (an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans ) is a trademark secondary infection in AIDS patients and most other cases are in patients with some other predisposing condition (such as lupus erythematosus, lymphoma, or leukemia). (emsl.com)
- Karyotype instability in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. (asm.org)
- Vaccination and infection can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies to the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. (rupress.org)
- Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: Variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome. (springer.com)
- Histopathologic examination results demonstrating Cryptococcus yeasts in tissue also was considered evidence of infection at the tissue site. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is eradicated by macrophages via production of NO. Unmethylated CpG-ODN protect mice from infection with this fungal pathogen by inducing IFN-γ. (wiley.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes meningoencephalitis in normal individuals but more frequently presents as an opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS, leukemia, lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin lymphoma, or sarcoidosis and in transplant recipients. (humpath.com)
- Many of these patients receive high-dose corticosteroids, a major risk factor for Cryptococcus infection. (humpath.com)
- As an infectious fungus that affects the respiratory tract, Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) commonly causes asymptomatic pulmonary infection. (spandidos-publications.com)
- We hypothesize that subtle differences in different molecules of innate immunity may contribute to either the predisposition or clinical course of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Patients diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans infection will be identified from a data base overseen by Dr. Peter Pappas. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The prostate gland is a common site for persistent and recurrent Cryptococcus neoformans infection after amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1, 2). (annals.org)
- These two fungal species of the Cryptococcus genus are the etiological agents of Cryptococcosis, which is an opportunistic or primary fungal infection with global distribution. (rsc.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycetous yeast capable of causing fatal infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, including a prevalence of infection of up to 15% of patients with AIDS ( 9 , 21 ). (asm.org)
Cryptococcosis8
- A few species in the Cryptococcus genus cause a disease called cryptococcosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the main pathogenic species of invasive cryptococcosis among the Cryptococcus species. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcus gattii is an environmentally occurring pathogen that is responsible for causing cryptococcosis marked by pneumonia and meningoencephalitis in humans and animals. (nih.gov)
- Cryptococcosis is a systemic infectious disease mainly caused by fungal species from the Cryptococcus genus. (frontiersin.org)
- Mitchell TG, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS - 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
- Any of various yeastlike fungi of the genus Cryptococcus, commonly occurring in the soil and including certain pathogenic species, such as the causative agent of cryptococcosis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Protection against Experimental Cryptococcosis following Vaccination with Glucan Particles Containing Cryptococcus Alkaline Extracts. (umassmed.edu)
- No recognition of the Cryptococcus neoformans colonies developed in culture media usually employed for the bacteriologic diagnosis can cause a lack of cryptococcosis' diagnosis, when this disease is not suspected or develops from unusual samples. (scielo.org.ar)
Abstract1
- ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast causing around 600 000 deaths annually. (cuni.cz)
Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans7
- The fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans , causes devastating levels of morbidity and mortality. (mdpi.com)
- We conducted a genome-wide analysis of the roles of mutation and selection in sculpting intron size in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (broadinstitute.org)
- The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (genome.jp)
- Immunoglobulin G3 blocking antibodies to the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (rupress.org)
- India ink stain to reveal the polysaccharide capsule on yeast cells of the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (ubc.ca)
- and the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans , the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis, which is responsible for 15% of all HIV-related deaths. (ubc.ca)
- Cell wall chitosan is necessary for virulence in the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
Isolates5
- Most isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans are haploid. (kenyon.edu)
- The electrophoretic karyotypes of 32 clinical and 3 environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from New York City were studied by contour clamped homogeneous electrophoresis. (asm.org)
- Here, we detail fine-resolution mapping of genetic differences between two highly related Cryptococcus gattii VGIIc isolates that differ in their virulence traits (phagocytosis, vomocytosis, macrophage death, mitochondrial tubularization and intracellular proliferation). (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Yeast mycoflora are more diverse in forest ecosystems and isolates of Cryptococcus spp (n=13) especially Cr. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environnemental isolates of Cryptococcus in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Fungus14
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus responsible for serious disease in immunocompromised individuals. (genetics.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like fungus which causes life-threatening infections in patients that are immunocompromised. (patientslikeme.com)
- The heterothallic basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has two mating types, MAT a and MAT α. (mdpi.com)
- . tritici first detected in 1998 is now recognized as a major threat to wheat production and food security worldwide [ 3 ], and the basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus gattii ( C. gattii ) has expanded its range into non-endemic environments with a consequential increase in fatal meningitis in humans [ 4 , 5 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans ( Cn ) is a soil fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients and is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replication inside macrophages. (pnas.org)
- Scientists interbred different strains of the Cryptococcus gattii fungus to test how easily the characteristics can transfer to other strains. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Genes involved in the virulence of the meningitis-causing fungus are being characterized at an increasing rate, and to date, at least 648 Cryptococcus gene names have been published. (oregonstate.edu)
- Xylose-containing glycans are particularly abundant in plants and in the polysaccharide capsule that is the major virulence factor of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (pnas.org)
- We have examined synthesis of this compound in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans . (pnas.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans (formerly known as Torula histolytica) is an encapsulated yeast-like fungus found in dried avian (particularly pigeon) and bat excreta, and in dust contaminated with such droppings. (humpath.com)
- Cryptococcus neoformans ( C . neoformans ) is the most common fungus to cause meningoencephalitis in the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- For Cryptococcus , iron sensing actually triggers formation of a major virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule that protects the fungus from the host immune system. (ubc.ca)
- A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. (umassmed.edu)
- A partial-genome microarray was used to profile gene expression in the human-pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans during growth at 37°C. Genes with orthologs involved in stress responses were induced during growth at 37°C, suggesting that a conserved transcriptional program is used by C. neoformans to alter gene expression during stressful conditions. (asm.org)
ATCC1
- Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 is a commonly used nonmodel oleaginous yeast capable of converting a variety of carbon sources into fatty acids. (osti.gov)
Strains8
- The yeast strains were Cryptococcus pinus VKM Y-2958, Cystofilobasidim bisporidii VKM Y-2700 and Cryptococcus terreus VKM Y-2253 from the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, as well as the yeast Filobasidiella neoformans IGC 3957 from the Collection of the Gulbenkian Institute of Science (Portugal). (scirp.org)
- UDP glucuronate decarboxylase activity was comparable in encapsulated and non-encapsulated strains of Cryptococcus neoformans , required NAD ( K a = 0.2 mM), and was inhibited by NADH ( K i = 0.1 mM) and UDP xylose. (asm.org)
- Classification and phenotypic profile of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans complex strains maintened in stock culture. (usp.br)
- Aiming to study the phenotypic profile of yeasts maintened in stock culture identified as Cryptococcus neoformans , 40 clinical and 44 environmental strains, were chosen ran domly. (usp.br)
- grubii strain H99, and Cryptococcus gattii strains R265 and WM276, and have written brief descriptions of their functions. (oregonstate.edu)
- PAULA, C.R. & GAMBALE, W. - evaluation of a fluorescent method (fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide solution) in the study of the viability of Cryptococcus neoformans strains. (scielo.br)
- Our study describes epidemiology and resistance to antifungal of environmental and clinical strains of Cryptococcus in Ivory Coast. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- Thermally regulated dimorphism occurs in Cryptococcus neoformans during mating and haploid fruiting and in self-fertile diploid strains but is not a requirement for pathogenesis ( 4 , 47 ). (asm.org)
Yeasts5
- Cryptococcus (Greek for "hidden sphere") is a genus of fungi, which grow in culture as yeasts . (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus, sometimes informally called crypto, is a genus of fungi that grow in culture as yeasts. (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are 2 environmental, encapsulated yeasts that cause invasive, potentially life-threatening infections in humans and animals (1). (thefreelibrary.com)
- Mediastinal lymph nodes had mild granulomatous inflammation and contained numerous yeasts morphologically consistent with Cryptococcus spp. (thefreelibrary.com)
- The yeasts responsible belong to the C. neoformans / Cryptococcus gattii species complex. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Grubii1
- Serotypes A, D and a hybrid of AD are found among Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii and Cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans. (wikipedia.org)
Virulence factors4
- In recent years Cryptococcus has been developed as an experimental system, with advances in molecular techniques enabling detailed investigation of virulence factors and interactions with the mammalian host. (genetics.org)
- 2009). Evaluation of the experimental inoculation of Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus laurentii in normal mice: virulence factors and molecular profile before and after animal passage. (ucdavis.edu)
- Does amoeboid reasoning explain the evolution and maintenance of virulence factors in Cryptococcus neoformans ? (pnas.org)
- Eumelanins produced by pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans fungi are virulence factors that render the fungal cells resistant to host defenses and certain antifungal drugs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Fungi4
- The sexual forms or teleomorphs of Cryptococcus species are filamentous fungi in the genus Filobasidiella . (wikipedia.org)
- The name Cryptococcus is used when referring to the yeast states of the fungi. (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi, of which two species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, cause nearly all human and animal cryptococcal infections. (cdc.gov)
- The disease is caused by fungi belonging to the Cryptococcus genus. (scielo.br)
Infections9
- Cryptococcus is one of the more common life-threatening fungal infections people with AIDS. (medlineplus.gov)
- Autochthonous and dormant Cryptococcus gattii infections in Europe. (biomedsearch.com)
- Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. (biomedsearch.com)
- The human fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii cause life-threatening infections of the central nervous system. (bham.ac.uk)
- Cryptococcus, a major cause of disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients, kills over 600,000 people per year worldwide. (oregonstate.edu)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in normal as well as immunocompromised individuals ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
- Importance: Cryptococcus gattii is the causative agent responsible for ongoing infections in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and western Canada. (broadinstitute.org)
- Infections with the human pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans are often treated with fluconazole. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening infections of the human central nervous system (CNS) ( 7 , 52 ). (asm.org)
Taxonomy2
- About 37 species of Cryptococcus are recognized, but the taxonomy of the group is currently being re-evaluated with up-to-date methods. (wikipedia.org)
- The taxonomy of this species has been reviewed: it has been proposed that it be divided into two species - Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus deneoformans . (wikipedia.org)
Clinical4
- Result of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), performed on a clinical specimen, specific for Cryptococcus gattii . (cdc.gov)
- This report describes the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of a pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. (scielo.br)
- Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of granulomatous pneumonia by Cryptococcus neoformans in a goat in the Southern region of Brazil. (scielo.br)
- Dynamic virulence: real-time assessment of intracellular pathogenesis links Cryptococcus neoformans phenotype with clinical outcome. (umassmed.edu)
Albidus7
- C. albidus produces urease , as is common for Cryptococcus species. (wikipedia.org)
- [13] C. albidus is very easily mistaken for other Cryptococcus species, as well as species from other genera of yeast, so should be allowed to grow for a minimum of 7 days before attempting to identify this species. (wikipedia.org)
- Fonseca A., Scorzeti G., and Fell J. (2000) Diversity in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus and related species as revealed by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. (wikipedia.org)
- The multigene sequence analysis indicates that the strain is closely related to Cryptococcus albidus var. (atcc.org)
- 1988). Pectic enzyme production by Cryptococcus albidus var. (ucdavis.edu)
- 2000). Diversity in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus and related species as revealed by ribosomal DNA analysis. (ucdavis.edu)
- Simulated in situ competitive ability and survival of a representative soil yeast, Cryptococcus albidus . (ucdavis.edu)
Examined Cryptococcus neoformans1
- If you examined Cryptococcus neoformans under a microscope you would see round or oval shaped yeast cells, which are often referred to as 'basidiomycete' yeast. (ubc.ca)
Opportunistic3
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental encapsulated yeast that behaves as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. (frontiersin.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen in individuals with impaired T cell-mediated immunity. (jimmunol.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that infects the human central nervous system. (asm.org)
Pulmonary1
- Contributions of the MyD88-dependent receptors IL-18R, IL-1R, and TLR9 to host defenses following pulmonary challenge with Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
Laurentii1
- AF075469 Cryptococcus laurentii 26S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. (atcc.org)
Interactions1
- Taylor-Smith, L.M. Cryptococcus -Epithelial Interactions. (mdpi.com)
Macrophages2
- Cryptococcus can survive and proliferate within macrophages, and is also capable of escaping into the intracellular environment via a non-lytic mechanism ('expulsion') and can be transferred directly from one cell to another (lateral transfer). (bham.ac.uk)
- The polysaccharide capsule of C. neoformans is a major virulence factor, preventing phagocytosis of cryptococci by alveolar macrophages . (humpath.com)
Capsule4
- India ink stain of Cryptococcus neosporans showing the presence of a capsule. (kenyon.edu)
- Specific staining showed a prominent mucicarminophilic capsule consistent with Cryptococcus spp. (thefreelibrary.com)
- McFadden DC, De Jesus M, Casadevall A. The physical properties of the capsular polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans suggest features for capsule construction. (springer.com)
- Complementation of a capsule-deficient mutation of Cryptococcus neoformans restores its virulence. (asm.org)
Cryptococcal2
- Human studies have shown associations between cryptococcal meningitis and reduced IgM memory B cell levels, and studies in IgM- and/or B cell-deficient mice have demonstrated increased Cryptococcus neoformans dissemination from lungs to brain. (asm.org)
- Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes high rates of HIV-related mortality, yet the Cryptococcus factors influencing patient outcome are not well understood. (asm.org)
Species complex2
- Phylogenetic analysis and genotyping studies have revealed significant genetic diversity within the pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans / Cryptococcus gattii species complex. (scielo.br)
- The neocentromere formation and chromosomal fusion events observed in this study in C. deuterogattii may be similar to events that triggered genomic changes within the Cryptococcus / Kwoniella species complex and may contribute to speciation throughout the eukaryotic domain. (elifesciences.org)
Classification1
- In this paper, 15 supervised classification algorithms based on a support vector machine (SVM) were applied to discriminate Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii fungal species using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. (rsc.org)
Isolation2
- The main problem with the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans is that it is a nondescript yeast upon primary isolation. (emsl.com)
- Our results describe also, for the first time, the isolation of Cryptococcus from pigeon droppings from Abidjan. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Susceptibility3
- Multicenter evaluation of broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans against fluconazole. (springer.com)
- Currie BP, Ghannoum M, Bessen L, Casadevall A. Decreased fluconazole susceptibility of a relapse Cryptococcus neoform-ans isolate after fluconazole treatment. (springer.com)
- We report a case of Cryptococcus gattii (molecular type VGIII) that developed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole during therapy and delineate the molecular mechanisms responsible. (ovid.com)
Candida1
- Flucytosine primary resistance in Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
Saccharomyces3
- 46:7-27 Shafiee R., Nahvi I. and Emtiazi G. (2005) Bioconversion of Raw Starch to SCP by Coculture of Cryptococcus aerius and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (wikipedia.org)
- Over the years, the organism Sanfelice first isolated has been re-isolated and given all sorts of names, from Saccharomyces hominis, Cryptococcus hominis and Torula histolytica, all the way to Debaryamyces hominis. (ubc.ca)
- The Cryptococcus neoformans STE12 α gene, a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 , exists only in mating type ( MAT ) α cells. (rupress.org)
Resistance1
- 5-fluorocytosine resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans . (springer.com)
Human pathogen1
- At least 38 Cryptococcus species other than C . neoformans have been described, and C . neoformans is the only species that can consistently grow at mammalian body temperatures and is the only common human pathogen ( 9 ). (asm.org)
Protein3
- Cross talk between the cell wall integrity and cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans. (umassmed.edu)
- We characterized Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant antiphagocytic protein 1 (rApp1) by SDS-PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. (springer.com)
- Williams V, Del Poeta M. Role of glucose in the expression of Cryptococcus neoformans antiphagocytic protein 1, App1. (springer.com)
Gene5
- However, investigations of Cryptococcus are hampered by the technical difficulty of specific gene replacements. (genetics.org)
- In this study, we systematically analyzed melanin-regulating signaling pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans and identified four melanin-regulating core transcription factors (TFs), Bzp4, Usv101, Mbs1, and Hob1, required for induction of the laccase gene ( LAC1 ). (asm.org)
- To avoid these conflicts and to provide a central source of Cryptococcus gene information, we have collected all published Cryptococcus gene names from the scientific literature and associated them with standard Cryptococcus locus identifiers and have incorporated them into FungiDB ( www.fungidb.org ). (oregonstate.edu)
- We also compiled a protocol for gene naming that summarizes guidelines proposed by members of the Cryptococcus research community. (oregonstate.edu)
- Gene transfer in Cryptococcus neoformans by use of biolistic delivery of DNA. (asm.org)
Genome4
- Use of RNA interference in Cryptococcus should allow manipulation of mRNA levels for functional analysis of genes of interest and enable efficient exploration of genes discovered by genome sequencing. (genetics.org)
- One fungal genome, that of Cryptococcus neoformans (24 Mb), has been currently sequenced to approximately seven times shotgun coverage by the Stanford Genome Technology Center ( http://www-sequence.stanford.edu ) and The Institute for Genomic Research ( http://www.tigr.org ). (genetics.org)
- KEGG GENOME: Cryptococcus neoformans var. (genome.jp)
- The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus deuterogattii is RNAi-deficient and lacks active transposons in its genome. (elifesciences.org)