Cryoglobulinemia. Medical search

A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.

Abnormal immunoglobulins, especially IGG or IGM, that precipitate spontaneously when SERUM is cooled below 37 degrees Celsius. It is characteristic of CRYOGLOBULINEMIA.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.

Atypical gamma immunoglobulins characterized by their irreversible heat denaturation at 56-degrees C. Pyroprecipitation is inhibited at pH below 3 and above 9. The presence of pyroglobulins in the serum is the cause of pyroglobulinemia. They are frequently present in multiple myeloma and the pyroglobulin precipitate binds complement, reacts with rheumatoid factor, produces passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, generalized passive anaphylaxis and passive Arthus-type phenomena.

Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.

Procedure whereby plasma is separated and extracted from anticoagulated whole blood and the red cells retransfused to the donor. Plasmapheresis is also employed for therapeutic use.

Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.

A form of necrotizing non-granulomatous inflammation occurring primarily in medium-sized ARTERIES, often with microaneurysms. It is characterized by muscle, joint, and abdominal pain resulting from arterial infarction and scarring in affected organs. Polyarteritis nodosa with lung involvement is called CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME.

ENDOCARDIUM infection that is usually caused by STREPTOCOCCUS. Subacute infective endocarditis evolves over weeks and months with modest toxicity and rare metastatic infection.

Disorder characterized by a vasculitic syndrome associated with exposure to an antigen such as a drug, infectious agent, or other foreign or endogenous substance. Its pathophysiology includes immune complex deposition and a wide range of skin lesions. Hypersensitivity or allergy is present in some but not all cases.

Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Abnormal immunoglobulins synthesized by atypical cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. Paraproteins containing only light chains lead to Bence Jones paraproteinemia, while the presence of only atypical heavy chains leads to heavy chain disease. Most of the paraproteins show themselves as an M-component (monoclonal gammopathy) in electrophoresis. Diclonal and polyclonal paraproteins are much less frequently encountered.

Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.

Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with resultant damage to tissue. Besides SERUM SICKNESS and the ARTHUS REACTION, evidence supports a pathogenic role for immune complexes in many other IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES including GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC) and POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.

A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.

A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses.

Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Hospitals organized and controlled by a group of physicians who practice together and provide each other with mutual support.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The legal authority or formal permission from authorities to carry on certain activities which by law or regulation require such permission. It may be applied to licensure of institutions as well as individuals.

Duties that are based in ETHICS, rather than in law.

Conferences, conventions or formal meetings usually attended by delegates representing a special field of interest.

Cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatic manifestations in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. (1/282)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatic manifestations in Korean patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: Forty nine Korean patients with HCV infection were recruited. The prevalence, concentration, and type of cryoglobulin (by immunofixation), rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and various rheumatological symptoms were investigated and HCV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction with genotype specific primer. RESULTS: The prevalence of cryoglobulin was 59% in Korean HCV patients and the concentration of cryoglobulin was 9.8 (7.9) g/l (mean (SD)). The type of cryoglobulinaemia was identified in 23 (80%) of 29 HCV patients with cryoglobulinaemia and they were all type III. There were no differences in age, sex, history of operation and transfusion, proportion of liver cirrhosis between the patients with cryoglobulinaemia and those without cryoglobulinaemia. The frequencies of RF and ANA were 14% and 3.4% respectively in HCV patients with cryoglobulinaemia. There was no difference in HCV genotype between the patients with cryoglobulinaemia and those without cryoglobulinaemia. Clinical features of HCV patients were as follows: arthralgia/arthritis (35%), cutaneous manifestation (37%), Raynaud's phenomenon (8%), paresthesia (44%), dry eyes (22%), dry mouth (10%), oral ulcer (33%), and abdominal pain (14%). However, these rheumatological symptoms did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although the rheumatological symptoms were not different between HCV patients with and without cryoglobulinaemia, HCV patients showed various rheumatological manifestations. These result suggests that HCV infection could be included as one of the causes in patients with unexplained rheumatological symptoms. (+info)

Interferon-alpha may exacerbate cryoblobulinemia-related ischemic manifestations: an adverse effect potentially related to its anti-angiogenic activity. (2/282)

The discovery of the strong association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of mixed cryoglobulinemia has motivated active testing of antiviral-directed alternative therapies. Several trials have demonstrated that classic cryoglobulinemia-associated manifestations improve with interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) treatment. Herein we report on 3 HCV-infected patients with severe cryoglobulinemia-related ischemic manifestations who were closely followed up during IFNalpha therapy. Clinical evaluations with special attention to ischemic lesions, liver function tests, and cryocrit determinations were serially performed. In addition to prednisone and immunosuppressive agents, the patients received IFNalpha at 3 x 10(6) units, 3 times per week for 2 months, 3 months, and 4 months, respectively. In all 3 patients, systemic features improved, liver function results returned to normal, and cryocrit values decreased. However, ischemic lesions became less vascularized and ischemia progressed, leading to transmetatarsal and subcondylar amputation, respectively, in 2 of the patients and fingertip necrosis and ulcer enlargement in the third. Skin biopsies performed before IFNalpha therapy and after 2 months of IFNalpha therapy in the third patient showed a significant decrease in subepidermal microvessels. When IFNalpha was discontinued, the lesions finally healed. Cryoglobulinemia-related ischemic lesions may worsen during IFNalpha treatment, presumably through a decrease in inflammation-induced angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenic activity of IFNalpha may delay the appropriate healing of ischemic lesions. (+info)

Response to interferon alpha treatment and disappearance of cryoglobulinaemia in patients infected by hepatitis C virus. (3/282)

BACKGROUND: Mixed cryoglobulinaemia is closely associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. AIM: To assess in a prospective open study the efficiency of interferon alpha treatment of cryoglobulinaemia, as reflected by the disappearance of cryoglobulins and clinical manifestations of the disease, and to analyse the factors predictive of a response to interferon. METHOD: Eighty seven consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C treated for the first time with interferon at a dose of 3 x 10(6) international units three times a week for six months were studied. Forty three patients had cryoglobulins, which were responsible for clinical manifestations in 12. RESULTS: At the end of interferon treatment, cryoglobulins had disappeared in 39% of the patients. A clinical improvement (except for neuropathies) was observed in all patients. Six months after interferon treatment was stopped, the same rate of response (normal alanine aminotransferase values and undectable HCV RNA) was observed in patients with or without cryoglobulins. Only 14% of patients still had undetectable cryoglobulins, and all of them also had undetectable serum HCV RNA. The disappearance of cryoglobulins was found less frequently in patients with clinical symptoms than in asymptomatic ones, but the difference was not significant. Sustained responders were more often men, infected by genotype 2 or 3, with a lower pretreatment viral load. CONCLUSION: The presence of cryoglobulins does not seem to affect the response to interferon in HCV infected patients. The improvement in cryoglobulinaemia is strongly associated with a virological response, reinforcing the hypothesis of a direct role for HCV in the pathogenesis of this disease. (+info)

Sustained response to interferon-alpha or to interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in hepatitis C virus-associated symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinaemia. (4/282)

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with mixed cryoglobulinaemia. AIM: To investigate the efficacy of anti-viral therapy on the eradication of HCV and its clinical manifestations in patients with HCV-associated symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinaemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 18 out of 32 patients with symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC group) received a 12-month course of interferon (3 MU three times a week, subcutaneously). Nonresponders or relapsers to this therapy were treated with interferon plus ribavirin (1200 mg/day, orally) for 12-months. 226 patients with HCV infection and without cryoglobulins were studied in comparison (Hepatitis C group). Serial quantification of serum HCV-RNA and cryoglobulins were performed. RESULTS: In the MC group, 10 out of 18 patients (55%) receiving interferon showed an end of treatment response, but at the end of follow-up, only five (28%) patients had a sustained response. In the hepatitis C group, 91 patients (47%) showed an end of treatment response but only 42 (20%) a sustained response. In the MC group alanine transaminase, cryocrit and rheumatoid factor decreased significantly in responders, with an improvement or disappearance of the MC-associated clinical manifestations. Alanine transaminase, cryocrit and rheumatoid factor increased in the relapsers and the clinical manifestations reappeared. Nonresponders and relapsers to interferon in the MC group were retreated with interferon plus ribavirin. Five out of eight nonresponders showed a end of treatment response but it was sustained in three of them. In the relapsers, treatment with combined therapy achieved a sustained response in four out of the five patients (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Interferon as monotherapy or combined with ribavirin is a safe and effective treatment in patients with HCV-associated MC. The presence of cryoglobulins does not affect the response to anti-viral treatment in patients with HCV infection. The eradication of HCV is associated with an improvement or disappearance of MC-associated clinical manifestations. (+info)

Hepatitis C virus but not GB virus C/hepatitis G virus has a role in type II cryoglobulinemia. (5/282)

OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with type II cryoglobulinemia. HCV is specifically concentrated in type II cryoglobulins and has been implicated in the cutaneous vasculitis associated with the disease. In contrast to HCV, a role for hepatitis G virus (HGV) in type II cryoglobulinemia has not been defined, although prevalences as high as 43% of HGV infections in type II cryoglobulinemia have also been reported. METHODS: We studied 34 patients with type II and 29 patients with type III cryoglobulinemia associated with HCV infection, 6 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC; all with type II), 50 hospital control patients, and 125 normal individuals. Serum HCV and HGV RNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In coinfected sera, HCV and HGV were quantitated by competitive RT-PCR assays. One coinfected patient was studied longitudinally for 6 years. RESULTS: Two (5.9%) of 34 patients with HCV-infected type II cryoglobulinemia, none of 29 patients with type III cryoglobulinemia, and none of 6 patients with EMC were positive for HGV RNA, for an overall prevalence of 3.0% in mixed cryoglobulinemia. None of the control populations were positive for HGV. No statistical difference was seen between the prevalence in patients with type II cryoglobulinemia and the other populations studied. In coinfected sera, HCV, but not HGV, was concentrated in cryoglobulins, and HCV, but not HGV, correlated with cryoglobulinemia in a longitudinal study. CONCLUSION: There is a low prevalence of coinfection with HGV in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and HCV infection in the United States. HCV is selectively precipitated by type II cryoglobulins in coinfected sera. HGV infection does not appear to have a role in mixed cryoglobulinemia. (+info)

Mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to visceral Leishmaniasis. (6/282)

We describe a case of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia, with monoclonal IgMkappa rheumatoid factor, associated with visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Involvement of Leishmania antigen(s) in the formation of cryoprecipitable immune complexes was suggested by the fact that cryoglobulinemic vasculitis subsided after antiparasite therapy and that anti-Leishmania antibodies, as well as rheumatoid factor, were enriched in the cryoprecipitate. We observed 2 additional patients with visceral leishmaniasis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. All 3 patients had seemingly contracted leishmaniasis in Italy, were hepatitis C virus negative, and were initially diagnosed as having autoimmune disorders. These findings indicate that Leishmania can be an etiologic agent of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. This parasitosis should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of vasculitides in endemic areas. (+info)

Prevalence and clinical features of cryoglobulinaemia in multitransfused beta-thalassaemia patients. (7/282)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cryoglobulinaemia and its clinical features among beta-thalassaemia patients. METHODS: Eighty eight multitransfused beta-thalassaemia patients were studied. They were physically examined and asked about the presence of cryoglobulinaemia related symptoms. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) serology, HCV-RNA, HCV subtypes, viraemia, serum ferritin, liver and kidney function tests, rheumatoid factor (RF), circulating immune complexes (CIC), complement levels and autoantibodies were all evaluated. The patients were divided into four groups: HCV-RNA positive patients with and without cryoglobulinaemia (groups A and B), HCV-Ab positive/HCV-RNA negative patients (group C), HCV-Ab negative patients (group D). RESULTS: Cryoglobulinaemia was present in 35 of 53 (66.0%) patients with chronic HCV infection. They had higher viraemia than non-cryoglobulinaemic viral carriers, but no statistical difference relating to sex or HCV subtypes was found. In comparison with the other groups, group A patients were older, had undergone transfusion therapy for a longer period, had received a higher number of transfusions, and had increased levels of RF and CIC, as well as consumption of C4; in addition, they had a higher prevalence of cirrhosis. Cutaneous lesions (purpura, Raynaud's phenomenon, nodules and leg rash), peripheral neuropathy and sicca syndrome symptoms were present only in group A. Musculoskeletal symptoms (bone pain, arthralgia and myalgia), weakness, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, skin ulcers and proteinuria were also commoner in group A, but the difference did not reach statistical significance, possibly because of partial overlap between cryoglobulinaemia and beta-thalassaemia syndromes. CONCLUSION: Because of its high prevalence in multitransfused beta-thalassaemia patients, cryoglobulinaemia needs to be systematically studied and considered in the differential diagnosis of various beta-thalassaemia manifestations. (+info)

Increased serum concentrations of soluble HLA-class I antigens in hepatitis C virus related mixed cryoglobulinaemia. (8/282)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether quantitative alterations of both beta(2)microglobulin (beta(2)micro) associated HLA class I heavy chains (sHLA-I) and beta(2) micro free class I heavy chains (sHLA-FHC) in sera of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occur and whether they distinguish patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC). METHODS: 83 HCV infected patients were studied and divided into three groups: (A) without cryoglobulinaemia (n=21), (B) with polyclonal MC (n=20), (C) with monoclonal MC (n=42). Serum sHLA-I and sHLA-FHC were measured by double determinant radioimmunoassay using monoclonal antibodies: TP25.99 as catching antibody, and NAMB-1 and HC-10 as revealing antibodies. Western blot identified HLA-I isoforms. RESULTS: The serum concentrations of sHLA-I and of sHLA-FHC in HCV infected patients versus controls were respectively 1.3(0.5) microg/ml (mean (SD)) versus 0.8 (0.3) (p<0. 001) and 13.9 (7.1) ng/ml versus 9.2 (5) (p<0.001). sHLA-I were 1.01 (0.4) microg/ml in group A, 1.04 (0.4) microg/ml in group B, and 1. 47 (0.4) microg/ml in group C (p=0.001). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference versus controls for groups B (p<0.02) and C (p<0.001). sHLA-FHC were 12.8 (8.3) ng/ml in group A, 17.2 (7.1) ng/ml in group B, and 12.9 (6.2) ng/ml in group C (p<0.02). A significant difference versus controls for each group was found (p<0. 02, p<0.001, and p<0.02, respectively). Different patterns of sHLA-I isoforms were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum concentrations of sHLA-I and sHLA-FHC characterise HCV infected patients. The highest sHLA-I concentrations seem to distinguish patients with monoclonal MC. In this last condition sHLA could play a part in the HCV escape and in B cell proliferation. The significance of sHLA-FHC is still undefined. (+info)

"Cryoglobulinemia". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2019-02-13. "Cryoglobulinemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. ... In cryoglobulinemia, antibodies accumulate and block blood vessels. In cold agglutinin disease, antibodies (different from ... In some cases, the exact underlying cause is unknown; however, cryoglobulinemia can be associated with a variety of conditions ... Although there is some overlap of symptoms, cryoglobulinemia and cold agglutinin disease differ in the process by which blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_sensitive_antibodies

Cacoub P, Comarmond C, Domont F, Savey L, Saadoun D (September 2015). "Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis". The American Journal of ... HIV Sarcoidosis Cryoglobulinemia Reactions to exposure to chemical agents, including trichloroethylene and dapsone[medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

... describes the classical symptoms suggesting the diagnosis of cryoglobulinaemia of polyclonal CGs seen in ... "Cryoglobulinaemia. Free medical information. Patient". patient.info. v t e. ... essential-, viral-, or connective tissue disease-associated cryoglobulinaemia. The triad consists of: palpable purpura ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltzer's_triad

One such disease is cryoglobulinemia. Extreme temperatures can weaken and destabilize the non-covalent interactions between the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_aggregation

... vasculitic processes such as cryoglobulinemia; calciphylaxis (often seen in people with end-stage kidney disease but may also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_ulcer

Initial treatment of multiple myeloma depends on the person's age and other illnesses present. The preferred treatment for those under the age of 65 is high-dose chemotherapy, commonly with bortezomib-based regimens, and lenalidomide-dexamethasone,[61] to be followed by a stem cell transplant. A 2016 study concluded that stem cell transplant is the preferred treatment of multiple myeloma.[62] There are two types of stem cell transplants to treat multiple myeloma.[63] In autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) - the patient's own stem cells are collected from the patient's own blood. The patient is given high-dose chemotherapy, and the patient's stem cells are then transplanted back into the patient. The process is not curative, but does prolong overall survival and complete remission. In allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, a healthy donor's stem cells are transplanted into the affected person. Allogenic stem-cell transplantation has the potential for a cure, but is used in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma

... can affect a wide range of organs, and consequently present with a range of symptoms. The kidneys are the most commonly affected organ in AL amyloidosis. Symptoms of kidney disease and kidney failure can include fluid retention, swelling, and shortness of breath.[4] In addition to kidneys, AL amyloidosis may affect the heart, peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, blood, lungs and skin. Heart complications, which affect more than a third of AL patients, include heart failure and irregular heart beat. Other symptoms can include stroke, gastrointestinal disorders, enlarged liver, diminished spleen function, diminished function of the adrenal and other endocrine glands, skin color change or growths, lung problems, bleeding and bruising problems, fatigue, and weight loss.[4][5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AL_amyloidosis

Meltzer's triad indicates the condition cryoglobulinemia. Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms

Cryoglobulinemia Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoglobulinemic_purpura

When his father became ill with cryoglobulinemia, he moved with him to Hawaii for the warm temperatures. In 2002 Altenberg was ... Diane (22 February 2013). "Dad's Journey with Cryoglobulinemia, Dr. Lee Altenberg" (Video). Blog Talk Radio. Eagle, CO 81631: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Altenberg

Cryofibrinogenemic purpura Cryoglobulinemia Dysfibrinogenemia Hypodysfibrinogenemia James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et ... cryoglobulinemia. Studies on the treatment of cryofibrinoginemic disease have involved relatively few patients, are limited ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryofibrinogenemia

... mixed cryoglobulinemia) 3. Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, survival, and treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia ( ... Ferri is a member of the SIR (Italian Society of Rheumatology) and GISC (Italian Group for the Study of Cryoglobulinemias), and ... In particular, he investigated the pathogenetic role of some viruses in mixed cryoglobulinemia (cryoglobulinemic vasculitis) ... Ferri, C. (1991). "Association between hepatitis C virus and mixed cryoglobulinemia". Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clodoveo_Ferri

Other causative conditions include infections, toxicities, antiphospholipid syndrome, cryoglobulinemia, neoplasms. In these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrocyanosis

Type I cryoglobulinemia is a known complication of Sjögren's syndrome. Sjögren's syndrome can affect such organs as the liver, ... "Cryoglobulinemia in primary Sjögren's syndrome: prevalence and clinical characteristics in a series of 115 patients". Semin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjögren_syndrome

Glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome and/or cryoglobulinemia. *Mixed cryoglobulinemia, where antibodies in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_E

Patients suffering type II (or type III) cryoglobulinemia present with many of the symptoms of type I disease plus those of ... Ghetie D, Mehraban N, Sibley CH (2015). "Cold hard facts of cryoglobulinemia: updates on clinical features and treatment ... cryoglobulinemia, or constitutional symptoms. There may be a modest increase in the incidence of IgM MGUS in people of African ... cryoglobulinemia, or constitutional symptoms. As determined by a Mayo Clinic study of 48 individuals, smoldering Waldenström's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell_dyscrasias

... in patients affected by mixed cryoglobulinemia (type 2 and 3), since simple or type 1 cryoglobulinemia does not cause ... Cryoglobulinemia Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis Skin lesion RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Cryoglobulinemic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoglobulinemic_vasculitis

2010 after a long battle with cryoglobulinemia. Transparente Nicaragua, 2007 - MOKA Discos Cancionero, 2004 - MOKA Discos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duo_Guardabarranco

cryoglobulinemia[20]. *reactions to exposure to chemical agents, including trichloroethylene and dapsone[medical citation ... "Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis". The American Journal of Medicine. 128 (9): 950-5. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.02.017. PMID ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

If immunoglobulins tend to precipitate within blood vessels with cold, that phenomenon takes the name of cryoglobulinaemia. The ... For example, certain macroglobulins tend to precipitate within blood vessel with cold, a phenomenon known as cryoglobulinemia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_gammopathy

Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is an immune disease, which typically presents with immune complex mediated vasculitis of the small ... Several patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) have elevated levels of anti- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfatide

... and cryoglobulinemia. Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_ulcer

... and cryoglobulinemia. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with low C3 and C4. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_deficiency

... or symptomatic cryoglobulinemia were also suggested as indications for therapy. Treatment includes the monoclonal antibody ... which may cause autoimmune phenomenon or cryoglobulinemia. Other symptoms of WM are due to the hyperviscosity syndrome, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldenström's_macroglobulinemia

Complement levels that are low can suggest mixed cryoglobulinemia, hepatitis C infection, and SLE, but not most other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_vasculitis

Iannuzzella, F; Vaglio, A; Garini, G (2010). "Management of hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia". Am. J. Med. 123 ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C

According to a 2009 news article, when he was diagnosed with Cryoglobulinemia, he was only given up to 10 years of life (he was ... after being constantly hospitalized suffering from a rare disease called Cryoglobulinemia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Cardenal

Prinzmetal angina, Buerger's disease, contrast mediated selective renal vasospasm, hypercoaguability and cryoglobulinemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasospasm

"Cryoglobulinemia in primary Sjögren's syndrome: prevalence and clinical characteristics in a series of 115 patients". Semin ... Type I cryoglobulinemia is a known complication of SS.[46] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjögren's_syndrome

The most common problem due to hepatitis C but not involving the liver is mixed cryoglobulinemia (usually the type II form) - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C

in 1967, the percentage of cryoglobulinemic diseases described as essential cryoglobulinemia or idiopathic cryoglobulinemia, ... Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition in which the blood contains large amounts of pathological cold sensitive antibodies ... Those with a history of recent infection that also have a spontaneous and full resolution of their cryoglobulinemia need no ... Tedeschi A, Baratè C, Minola E, Morra E (2007). "Cryoglobulinemia". Blood Rev. 21 (4): 183-200. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2006.12.002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoglobulinemia

Read about essential mixed cryoglobulinemia causes, symptoms (joint pain, swelling, enlarged spleen, skin vasculitis, nerve & ... Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is a condition caused by abnormal blood proteins called cryoglobulins. ... home/arthritis health center/arthritis a-z list/essential mixed cryoglobulinemia center /essential mixed cryoglobulinemia ... What is essential mixed cryoglobulinemia?. *What is the prognosis (outlook) for patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia? ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/essential_mixed_cryoglobulinemia/article.htm

Tissue necrosis caused by distal capillary thrombosis resulting from cryoglobulin precipitation in the vessels. The black tissue under the nails is ischemic, and will eventually slough, or be reabsorbed

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/3166.htm

Cryoglobulinemia may also be classified based on the association of the syndrome with an underlying disease. Cryoglobulinemia ... Type I cryoglobulinemia, or simple cryoglobulinemia, is the result of a monoclonal immunoglobulin, usually immunoglobulin M ( ... Overall, cryoglobulinemia is thought to be rare. However, cryoglobulinemia may be underestimated based on the medical ... encoded search term (Cryoglobulinemia) and Cryoglobulinemia What to Read Next on Medscape ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329255-overview

Cryoglobulinemia is caused by an abnormal protein that is occasionally found in the blood of people with multiple myeloma, ... In this picture, cryoglobulinemia has reduced blood flow in the fingers so much the fingers have turned dark. The black areas ... Cryoglobulinemia is caused by an abnormal protein that is occasionally found in the blood of people with multiple myeloma, ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1518.htm

How I treat cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 2017;129:289.. *Fervenza FC, et al. Treatment of the mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome. ... Joint pain. Symptoms resembling rheumatoid arthritis are common in cryoglobulinemia.. *Peripheral neuropathy. Cryoglobulinemia ... If you have cryoglobulinemia (kry-o-glob-u-lih-NEE-me-uh), these proteins may clump together at temperatures below 98.6 F (37 C ... Symptoms of cryoglobulinemia may include purple spots on the legs, joint pain, and numbness in the fingers and toes. ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cryoglobulinemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371244

Read about essential mixed cryoglobulinemia causes, symptoms (joint pain, swelling, enlarged spleen, skin vasculitis, nerve & ... Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is a condition caused by abnormal blood proteins called cryoglobulins. ... Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia. What is cryoglobulinemia?. Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition that is caused by proteins ... home/arthritis center/arthritis a-z list/essential mixed cryoglobulinemia index/essential mixed cryoglobulinemia article/find a ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/essential_mixed_cryoglobulinemia/middletown-ct_city.htm

... Gianfranco Lauletta,1 Sabino Russi,1 Vincenza Conteduca,1 and Loredana ... Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection is recognized as the major cause of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). Its persistence ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2012/502156/abs/

Thanks! Im 30 yrs old, female, and was just diagnosed with hep C and positive for cryoglobulinemia. Im type 3a, viral load ... Sorry, I cannot help you with the cryoglobulinemia.. Are you seeing a hepatologist or gastroenterologist?. Connie ...

https://www.healingwell.com/community/default.aspx?f=25&m=598795

Cryoglobulinemia is generally broken down in three subtypes. In type I cryoglobulinemia, cryoglobulins are made up of a ... The clinical pictures of type II and III cryoglobulinemia are similar. This report primarily deals with mixed cryoglobulinemia. ... Type II and type III cryoglobulinemia are known as mixed cryoglobulinemia. In these disorders, cryoglobulins are abnormal ... Mixed cryoglobulinemia is believed to be a rare disorder, but the exact incidence and prevalence in the general population is ...

https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/mixed-cryoglobulinemia/

... Fabrizio Fabrizi Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Maggiore ... Fabrizio Fabrizi, "Hepatitis C Virus, Cryoglobulinemia, and Kidney: Novel Evidence," Scientifica, vol. 2012, Article ID 128382 ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2012/128382/cta/

The Alliance For Cryoglobulinemia is an inclusive network of patients, caregivers, family, medical professional and ... Alliance for Cryoglobulinemia City: Haddonfield, NJ Phone : +19153157273 The Alliance For Cryoglobulinemia is an inclusive ... In keeping with our research goal Alliance for Cryoglobulinemia has established a Cryoglobulinemia Research Fund at our partner ... Our goal is to act as an international platform that links all efforts of cryoglobulinemia research, awareness, patient support ...

https://www.rarediseaseday.org/association/313

Cryoglobulinemia in chronic liver diseases: role of hepatitis C virus and liver damage.. Lunel F1, Musset L, Cacoub P, Frangeul ... Mixed cryoglobulinemia is frequently associated with liver diseases. The respective role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and liver ... The prevalence of cryoglobulinemia in 226 consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases (hepatitis C, 127; hepatitis B, 40; ... The prevalence of mixed cryoglobulinemia was high (41.5%) in patients with liver diseases and higher in patients with hepatitis ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7513667?dopt=Abstract

As many as 55% to 85% of patients with chronic HCV infection have mixed cryoglobulinemia [4]. The underlying mechanisms leading ... Cacoub P, Frangeul L, Musset L. Hepatitis G and Mixed Cryoglobulinemia. Ann Intern Med. ;126:1002. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-126- ... Hepatitis G and Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Patrice Cacoub, MD; Lionel Frangeul; Lucile Musset, PhD ... to this production of mixed cryoglobulinemia are unknown, although a long duration of HCV infection, older age, and the ...

http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/710626/hepatitis-g-mixed-cryoglobulinemia

D89.1 - Cryoglobulinemia. SNOMEDCT:. 239947001 - Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. References. Subscription Required. Last ... Mixed essential cryoglobulinemia. Subscriber Sign In VisualDx Mobile Feedback Select Language Share ... Cryoglobulinemia is caused by globulins that undergo reversible precipitation from plasma or serum upon cooling. Type II and ...

https://www.visualdx.com/visualdx/diagnosis/mixed%20essential%20cryoglobulinemia?diagnosisId=50484&moduleId=101

LEVO Y. Hepatitis B Virus and Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia. Ann Intern Med. ;94:282. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-94-2-282_1 ... To the editor: The relation between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is controversial. We have ... patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Their group not only had an unusual sex ratio of females to males of ...

http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/694603/hepatitis-b-virus-essential-mixed-cryoglobulinemia

... infection in the induction of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCII) and the possible establishment of related ... Hcv genotypes and cryoglobulinemia. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 1995, 13 Suppl 13, S79-S82. [Google Scholar] ... Influence of hla-dr phenotype on the risk of hepatitis c virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. Arthritis Rheum. 2001, 44, ... Agnello, V. The aetiology of mixed cryoglobulinaemia associated with hepatitis c virus infection. Scand. J. Immunol. 1995, 42, ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/4/11/2924/htm

Interstitial Lung Disease Fibromyalgia Syndrome Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Sicca Syndrome Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Patient These ... Bombardieri S, Paoletti P, Ferri C et al (1979) Lung involvement in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Am J Med 66:748-756PubMed ... Zaja F, De Vita S, Mazzaro C et al (2003) Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood 101:3827- ... The strict link between HCV and mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is well known. In addition, it is clear that many symptoms of ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-88-470-1705-4_23

Direct Antiviral Agents for Hepatitis C Virus-associated Cryoglobulinaemia Vasculitis. The safety and scientific validity of ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02856243

Hepatitis C and cryoglobulinemia. HCV infection is by far the most common condition associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia. ... Diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia typically requires demonstration of cryoglobulinemia (positive cryoglobulins in serum) in the ... C. History Part 3: Competing diagnoses that can mimic disease cryoglobulinemia.. Since cryoglobulinemia can manifest clinically ... Renal transplantation has been successfully performed in mixed cryoglobulinemia.. Patients who have cryoglobulinemia associated ...

http://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/hospital-medicine/cryoglobulinemia-hepatitis-c/article/604570/

The symptoms of Cryoglobulinemia Mixedare as follows: Cryoglobulinemia MixedTreatment. Cryoglobulinemia Mixedtreatment options ... What is Cryoglobulinemia Mixed?. Cryoglobulinemia Mixedis an uncommon skin disease which may affect people of all ages. It can ... Causes of Cryoglobulinemia Mixed. The cause of Cryoglobulinemia Mixedare attributed to the genetic pattern of a person. It is ... Home remedies for the treatment of Cryoglobulinemia Mixed. Home remedies for Cryoglobulinemia Mixedinclues the following:. * ...

http://www.apply-makeup.info/skin-disease/cryoglobulinemia-mixed.htm

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate at temperatures below 37°C (98.6°F). Type I cryoglobulinaemia is ... Cryoglobulinaemia refers to the presence of cryoglobulins in the serum. Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that reversibly ... Type I cryoglobulinaemia is mostly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g., Waldenstroms macroglobulinaemia); ... types II and III (mixed cryoglobulinaemia [MC]) with autoimmune and infectious conditions, particularly with hepatitis C virus ...

https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/870

Cryoglobulinemia. 2016 2017 2018 Billable/Specific Code *D89.1 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to ... Cryoglobulinemia due to chronic hepatitis c. Clinical Information *A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal ... Cryoglobulinemia (essential) (idiopathic) (mixed) (primary) (purpura) (secondary) (vasculitis) D89.1* with lung involvement ... microvasculature effects of cryoglobulinemia may result in restricted tissue blood flow, tissue hypoxia, and tissue necrosis. ...

https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/D50-D89/D80-D89/D89-/D89.1

Hypertension has been found in 37% of patients with cryoglobulinaemia.6 When the underlying disease of cryoglobulinaemia (eg, ... type II cryoglobulinaemia), or polyclonal immunoglobulins (type III cryoglobulinaemia).7 In hepatitis C, cryoglobulins usually ... Cryoglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1999; 13: 1315-1349.. *9. Agnello V, Chung RT, Kaplan LM. A role for hepatitis C ... Mixed cryoglobulinemia: clinical aspects and long-term follow-up of 40 patients. Am J Med 1980; 69: 287-308. ...

https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2005/182/1/hepatitis-c-associated-cryoglobulinaemia-presenting-refractory-hypertensive

The high proportion of aCL in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia co … ... IgG aCL are frequently found in patients with HCV regardless of status for mixed cryoglobulinemia. These aCL have the ... Conclusion: IgG aCL are frequently found in patients with HCV regardless of status for mixed cryoglobulinemia. These aCL have ... In patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia, we also looked for aCL separately in cryoprecipitate and in serum after extraction of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9375873/?dopt=Abstract

Cryoglobulinemia is usually classified into three subgroups according to Ig composition: type I cryoglobulinemia is composed of ... Classification and Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Different Cryoglobulinemias. Last updated Thursday March 8th, 2018. ...

http://medicalcriteria.com/web/tag/cryoglobulinemias/

... resources and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Familial mixed cryoglobulinemia ... Mixed Cryoglobulinemia. NORD. 2013; http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/mixed-cryoglobulinemia/. *CRYOGLOBULINEMIA, FAMILIAL ... mixed cryoglobulinemia is a rare condition that is characterized by the presence of abnormal proteins. (called cryoglobulins) ... PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Familial mixed cryoglobulinemia. ...

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6386/cryoglobulinemia-familial-mixed

Dispenzieri A, Gorevic PD (1999) Cryoglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 13(6):1315-1349PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... De Re V, De Vita S, Sansonno D et al (2006) Type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia as an oligo rather than a mono B-cell disorder: ... Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Celiac Disease Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Infectious Trigger BLyS Level These keywords were added by ... Fabris M, Quartuccio L, Sacco S et al (2007) B-Lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) up-regulation in mixed cryoglobulinaemia syndrome ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-88-470-1705-4_15

Cryoglobulinemia. Overview. Cryoglobulins are abnormal proteins in the blood. If you have cryoglobulinemia (kry-o-glob-u-lih- ... Your sex. Cryoglobulinemia occurs more frequently in women than in men.. *Age. Symptoms of cryoglobulinemia usually begin in ... Joint pain. Symptoms resembling rheumatoid arthritis are common in cryoglobulinemia.. *Peripheral neuropathy. Cryoglobulinemia ... Diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia involves a blood test in which the sample must be kept at normal body temperature, 98.6 F (37 C ...

https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/cryoglobulinemia

MIXED CRYOGLOBULINEMIA (TYPES II AND III). Mild or moderate forms of cryoglobulinemia can often be treated by taking steps to ... Types II and III are also referred to as mixed cryoglobulinemia.. Type I cryoglobulinemia is most often related to cancer of ... Cryoglobulinemia of the fingers - illustration Cryoglobulinemia is caused by an abnormal protein that is occasionally found in ... Cryoglobulinemia of the fingers - illustration Cryoglobulinemia is caused by an abnormal protein that is occasionally found in ...

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Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition in which the blood contains large amounts of pathological cold sensitive antibodies called cryoglobulins - proteins (mostly immunoglobulins themselves) that become insoluble at reduced temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
While this disease is commonly referred to as cryoglobulinemia in the medical literature, it is better termed cryoglobulinemic disease for two reasons: 1) cryoglobulinemia is also used to indicate the circulation of (usually low levels of) cryoglobulins in the absence of any symptoms or disease and 2) healthy individuals can develop transient asymptomatic cryoglobulinemia following certain infections. (wikipedia.org)
Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition that is caused by proteins called cryoglobulins, which are present in the blood. (medicinenet.com)
Cryoglobulins can accompany another condition (such as dermatomyositis , multiple myeloma , viral infections, or lymphoma ) or be an isolated condition themselves, called cryoglobulinemia. (medicinenet.com)
Cryoglobulins in the blood (cryoglobulinemia) can cause a variety of problems throughout the body. (medicinenet.com)
Cryoglobulinemia is characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in the serum. (medscape.com)
Types II and III cryoglobulinemia represent 80% of all cryoglobulins. (medscape.com)
Mixed cryoglobulinemia is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood. (rarediseases.org)
In type I cryoglobulinemia, cryoglobulins are made up of a specific immunoglobulin, usually IgM. (rarediseases.org)
Unlike type I cryoglobulinemia, the cryoglobulins in type II and type III contain rheumatoid factor, which is an autoantibody (i.e. an antibody that attacks the body own tissue). (rarediseases.org)
It has been reported by several studies that about 10%-60% of HCV-infected patients presenting cryoglobulins are at risk of contracting symptomatic cryoglobulinemia, clinically characterized by association of purpura, weakness, and arthralgia, possibly complicated by severe renal and neurological involvement [ 5 , 6 ]. (mdpi.com)
Cryoglobulinemia refers to a condition with circulating cryoglobulins in the serum. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Cryoglobulinaemia refers to the presence of cryoglobulins in the serum. (bmj.com)
Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate at temperatures below 37°C (98.6°F). Type l cryoglobulinaemia is usually associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. (bmj.com)
In patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia, we also looked for aCL separately in cryoprecipitate and in serum after extraction of mixed cryoglobulins to investigate a possible "capture" of aCL in the cryoprecipitate. (nih.gov)
Familial mixed cryoglobulinemia is a rare condition that is characterized by the presence of abnormal proteins (called cryoglobulins) in the blood. (nih.gov)
Cryoglobulins are proteins that are normally dissolved in blood, but become solid or gel-like at cold temperatures (less than 98.6° F). Cryoglobulinemia simply means that these abnormal proteins are in the blood. (unckidneycenter.org)
Because type I cryoglobulins do not easily activate complement, patients with type I are asymptomatic until the level of cryoglobulinemia is sufficiently high to cause hyperviscosity syndrome. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
Cryoglobulinemia is a rare medical condition defined by presence of cryoglobulins in serum and it may cause hyperviscosity syndrome or systemic vasculitis in variable organs including the skin, joints, liver, kidneys, lungs and nervous system. (jkna.org)
These "cryoglobulins" were responsible for the corresponding clinical condition "cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)
Objective: Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (MCs) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by multiple organ involvement due to the vascular deposition of immune-complexes, mainly the cryoglobulins. (elsevier.com)
Cryoglobulins are associated with cryoglobulinemia. (stlukes-stl.com)
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is a blood disorder that is caused by abnormal proteins in the blood called cryoglobulins that precipitate or clump together when blood is chilled and then dissolve when re-warmed. (hcvadvocate.org)
Mixed cryoglobulinemias is a blood disorder caused by abnormal proteins in the blood called cryoglobulins. (hcvadvocate.org)
At least 90% of cases having cryoglobulins in body, hepatitis C is to blame, reflecting the importance of preclusion of hepatitis C. The presence of cryoglubulins in body satisfies the criterion of the diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia, a disease that inflame the blood vessels and organs like kidney, nerves, joints, lungs and skin. (wikipedia.org)

The Alliance For Cryoglobulinemia is an inclusive network of patients, caregivers, family, medical professional and Cryoglobulinemia Ambassadors dedicated to improving the quality of life for people with cryoglobulinemia. (rarediseaseday.org)
In keeping with our research goal Alliance for Cryoglobulinemia has established a Cryoglobulinemia Research Fund at our partner organization The Vasculitis Foundation. (rarediseaseday.org)

Symptoms resembling rheumatoid arthritis are common in cryoglobulinemia. (mayoclinic.org)
Symptoms of cryoglobulinemia may include purple spots on the legs, joint pain, and numbness in the fingers and toes. (mayoclinic.org)
The symptoms and physical findings of mixed cryoglobulinemia can vary greatly from one individual to another. (rarediseases.org)
Following are the causes, symptoms and Treatment of Cryoglobulinemia Mixed. (apply-makeup.info)
What are the symptoms of Cryoglobulinemia Mixed? (apply-makeup.info)
Symptoms of cryoglobulinemia usually begin in middle age. (middlesexhealth.org)
CONCLUSION Although the rheumatological symptoms were not different between HCV patients with and without cryoglobulinaemia, HCV patients showed various rheumalogical manifestations. (bmj.com)
This is the first study in Korea to evaluate the link of cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatological symptoms in patients with HCV infection. (bmj.com)
gastrointestinal symptoms induced by cryoglobulinemia are unusual and peritoneal involvement has never been described. (bmj.com)
A 32-y-old woman was affected by essential type I cryoglobulinaemia and displayed the cold-triggered cutaneous symptoms of the disease due to a monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) cryoglobulin. (semanticscholar.org)
Patients will experience different symptoms depending on the organs affected by cryoglobulinemia. (naturalcurefor.com)
The clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia symptoms can vary from only general and non-specific to joint pain, renal, neuropathic and skin involvement, which in a few cases can become acronecrosis. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
Although there is some overlap of symptoms, cryoglobulinemia and cold agglutinin disease differ in the process by which blood vessels become blocked. (wikipedia.org)

Accordingly, type II and type III cryoglobulinemic diseases are often grouped together and referred to as mixed cryoglobulinemia or mixed cryoglobulinemic disease. (wikipedia.org)
In fact, both type II and type III are referred to as mixed cryoglobulinemia since they both consist of mixture of IgMs and IgGs. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

[ 4 ] Cryoglobulinemia associated with a particular disease (lymphoproliferative disorder, autoimmune disease, infectious disease) is known as secondary cryoglobulinemia. (medscape.com)
Different types of cryoglobulinemia have been associated with hepatitis C infection, certain cancers of the blood and autoimmune diseases. (mayoclinic.org)
Mixed cryoglobulinemia is believed to be an immune-mediated disorder (in which the immune system response to chronic infection causes damage to various tissues) or an autoimmune disorder (in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissue). (rarediseases.org)
Cryoglobulinemias are associated with a variety of illnesses (listed below), three most common categories being: infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
types II and III (mixed cryoglobulinaemia [MC]) with autoimmune and infectious conditions, particularly with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (bmj.com)
Types II and III are most often found in people who have a long-lasting (chronic) inflammatory condition, such as an autoimmune disease or hepatitis C. Most people with the type II form of cryoglobulinemia have a chronic hepatitis C infection. (adam.com)
More extensive vasculitis associated with autoimmune diseases or essential cryoglobulinemia may respond to prednisone, cyclophosphamide, or both. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
Autoimmune phenomena in HCV-positive patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)

Since the first description of cryoglobulinemia in association with the clinical triad of skin purpura, joint pain, and weakness by Meltzer et al. (wikipedia.org)
Mixed cryoglobulinemia MC, type II and type III, refers to the presence of circulating cryoprecipitable immune complexes in the serum and manifests clinically by a classical triad of purpura, weakness and arthralgias. (duhnnae.com)
Type II and III cryoglobulinemia frequently presents as vasculitis, most commonly with recurrentlower extremity purpura, glomerulonephritis, and peripheral neuropathy. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
Some patients with cryoglobulinemia suffer from mild, recurrent crops of lower extremity purpura that require no specific therapy. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)

Even though cryoglobulinaemia is a model of systemic vasculitis, peritoneal and fallopian tube vasculitis associated with type II cryoglobulinemia has not been described previously. (bmj.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the major cause of mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC), an immune complex (IC)-mediated systemic vasculitis mainly involving the small blood vessels. (uniba.it)

Types of Cryoglobulinemia. (mhmedical.com)
There are three different types of cryoglobulinemia. (unckidneycenter.org)

Wener MH, Hutchinson K, Morishima C et al (2004) Absence of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide in sera of patients with hepatitis C virus infection and cryoglobulinemia. (springer.com)
Highly qualified authors have contributed critical articles reviewing significant developments in our understanding of and therapeutic approach to HCV infection and cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)

Cryoglobulinemia is caused by an abnormal protein that is occasionally found in the blood of people with multiple myeloma, leukemia, and certain forms of pneumonia. (medlineplus.gov)
Some cancers of the blood, such as multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, can sometimes cause cryoglobulinemia. (middlesexhealth.org)
Cryoglobulinemia is associated with diseases such as hepatitis C, HIV, multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, lupus and Sjogren's syndrome. (middlesexhealth.org)
Type I cryoglobulinemia in multiple myeloma: a rare entity. (biomedsearch.com)
Type I multiple myeloma-associated cryoglobulinemia was diagnosed. (symptoma.com)

The actual RF may be monoclonal (in type II cryoglobulinemia) or polyclonal (in type III cryoglobulinemia) immunoglobulin. (medscape.com)
Cryoglobulinemia is usually classified into three subgroups according to Ig composition: type I cryoglobulinemia is composed of only one isotype or subclass of immunoglobulin. (medicalcriteria.com)
This disorder is classified according to the composition of the precipitate in 3 ways: monoclonal cryoglobulinemia (type I), composed of simple monoclonal immunoglobulin, mixed cryoglobulinemia, consisting of a mixture of polyclonal IgG and monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factor (type II) and the polyclonal variety (type III). (reumatologiaclinica.org)

In another study, of 64 patients with type I cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (CryoVas), Terrier et al identified 28 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance and 36 with hematologic malignancy. (medscape.com)
The distinction between type II and type III cryoglobulinemia is mostly technical and deals with whether the rheumatoid factor is monoclonal or polyclonal. (rarediseases.org)
There was a mixed cryoglobulinaemia (35 mg/litre) with an IgM monoclonal component. (bmj.com)
Type I cryoglobulinemia is usually not "mixed," being associated with only a monoclonal IgG or IgM in the setting of a malignancy. (mhmedical.com)
A patient with type I cryoglobulinemia and monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance was found to have acute gallbladder vasculitis. (elsevier.com)
normal 35) who presented with findings consistent with HVS: profound weakness, headache, epistaxis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Hyperviscosity syndrome is much more common in monoclonal than in mixed or polyclonal cryoglobulinemia . (symptoma.com)
Cryoglobulinemia is a rare disease characterized by the production of monoclonal or polyclonal immunoglobulins that precipitate in cold temperature. (reumatologiaclinica.org)

Type III (mixed, polyclonal) - mixed cryoglobulinemias consisting of polyclonal IgG and polyclonal IgMs. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
The high proportion of aCL in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia compared to those without, and the absence of antinucleosome antibodies, suggest that these aCL may be secondary to endothelial damage induced by mixed cryoglobulinemia or HCV itself, rather than to nonspecific polyclonal lymphocyte activation. (nih.gov)

As many as 55% to 85% of patients with chronic HCV infection have mixed cryoglobulinemia [4] . (annals.org)
Group 1: 29 patients with chronic HCV infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia. (nih.gov)
Group 2: 17 patients with chronic HCV infection but without mixed cryoglobulinemia. (nih.gov)
Cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection: an evolving story. (libreriastudium.it)
Furthermore, patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia (mixed cryoglobulinemia) and chronic HCV infection with type 2 diabetes have more frequently non-organ-specific-autoantibodies than non-diabetic patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and those with chronic HCV infection. (kowsarpub.com)

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of the mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (essential mixed cryoglobulinemia). (medicinenet.com)
Some of the sequelae of cryoglobulinemia are thought to be related to immune-complex disease (eg, glomerulonephritis, chronic vasculitis), but not all persons with cryoglobulinemia present with these manifestations. (medscape.com)
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatic manifestations in Korean patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (bmj.com)
We therefore examined the prevalence and type of cryoglobulinaemia and various rheumatic manifestations in Korean patients with HCV infection. (bmj.com)
Figure 2 Cutaneous manifestations of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). (symptoma.com)
b) deposit in small arteries and capillaries thereby plugging these blood vessels and causing [en.wikipedia.org] Figure 2 Cutaneous manifestations of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). (symptoma.com)
Endocrine manifestations of HCV-positive cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)
Mixed cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren syndrome, and chronic polyarthritis are the most documented rheumatologic extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection. (kowsarpub.com)

Diagnosis of HCV in patients with cryoglobulinemia can be difficult because HCV seromarkers may be undetectable in such patients. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia involves a blood test in which the sample must be kept at normal body temperature, 98.6 F (37 C), for a period of time before being cooled. (middlesexhealth.org)
Differential Diagnosis: Various other pulmonary/renal syndromes, such as SLE, cryoglobulinemia , and several types of vasculitis, must be distinguished. (symptoma.com)
The mission of CVO is to champion advocacy programs regarding the care, treatment, research, diagnosis AND the use of service dogs for those suffering from cryoglobulinemia and associated conditions. (vasculitisfoundation.org)

Conversely, HCV patients with progressive and worsening renal function or cutaneous involvement should be tested for cryoglobulinemia. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
We describe a patient with a history of cutaneous, peritoneal, and fallopian tube vasculitis related to type II cryoglobulinaemia associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. (bmj.com)
Here, we report a patient presenting with cutaneous, peritoneal, and fallopian tube vasculitis related to mixed cryoglobulinaemia associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. (bmj.com)

Antonelli A, Ferri C, Fallahi P et al (2008) High values of CXCL10 serum levels in mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C infection. (springer.com)

On Day 27 of admission, the patient was diagnosed with type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia associated with HCV infection. (mja.com.au)

in 1967, the percentage of cryoglobulinemic diseases described as essential cryoglobulinemia or idiopathic cryoglobulinemia, that is cryoglobulinemic disease that is unassociated with an underlying disorder, has fallen. (wikipedia.org)
Cryoglobulinemia in chronic liver diseases: role of hepatitis C virus and liver damage. (nih.gov)
Mixed cryoglobulinemia is frequently associated with liver diseases. (nih.gov)
Also a common type, mostly in association with connective tissue diseases, accounting for 25-30% of all cryoglobulinemias. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Cryoglobulinemia is part of a group of diseases that cause damage and inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body (vasculitis). (adam.com)
There was no evidence of systemic diseases such as paraproteinemia, cryoglobulinemia , or systemic lupus erythematosus. (symptoma.com)
It is not known how an individual acquires cryoglobulinemia, but this non-genetic disorder is linked to certain diseases and the hepatitis C virus. (naturalcurefor.com)
[symptoma.com] It represents 70-80% of cryoglobulinemia renal diseases and it is strongly associated with the type II IgM κ mixed cryoglobulinemia . (symptoma.com)
The presence of both serologic and molecular markers of HCV infection in a high percentage of certain types of B-NHL, not associated with cryoglobulinemia, and its absence from other lymphoproliferative diseases extends the spectrum of HCV-associated lymphoproliferations arguing in favor of some role of this viral infection in the pathogenesis of the malignant proliferation of definite B lymphoid populations. (qxmd.com)

In particular, about 60% of HCV-infected patients present cold-precipitable (cryoprecipitable) and noncryoprecipitable immune complexes that could be associated with the clinical onset of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCII) [ 2 ]. (mdpi.com)
Treatment with antibiotics alone resulted in renal recovery with disappearance of proteinuria, circulating immune complexes and cryoglobulinemia . (symptoma.com)
b) deposit in small arteries and capillaries thereby plugging these blood vessels and causing [en.wikipedia.org] Key words Cryoglobulinemia basophil cells immune complexes complement This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. (symptoma.com)
Cryoglobulinemia is a rare vasculitis affecting arteries of small and medium caliber, and the veins, that is produced by deposition of immune complexes in vessel walls, with subsequent activation of the complement system. (reumatologiaclinica.org)

Cryoglobulinemia may also be classified based on the association of the syndrome with an underlying disease. (medscape.com)
Treatment of the mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome. (mayoclinic.org)
Fabris M, Quartuccio L, Sacco S et al (2007) B-Lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) up-regulation in mixed cryoglobulinaemia syndrome and hepatitis-C virus infection. (springer.com)
Disease such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome increase the risk of developing cryoglobulinemia. (middlesexhealth.org)
Cryoglobulinemia with severe hyperviscosity syndrome requires plasmapheresis and chemotherapy of the underlying malignancy. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)

Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is characterized by joint pains and swelling ( arthritis ), enlargement of the spleen, skin vasculitis with purplish patches, and nerve and kidney disease . (medicinenet.com)
Cryoglobulinemia without an associated disease has been known as essential, or idiopathic, cryoglobulinemia. (medscape.com)
Cryoglobulinemia Mixedis an uncommon skin disease which may affect people of all ages. (apply-makeup.info)
In the absence of peripheral arterial disease, patients undergoing digital surgery who develop digital infarcts should be screened for cryoglobulinemia as a potential cause for digital necrosis, especially if the patient has a history of hepatitis C. We describe a case of an unusual presentation of gangrene after elective digital surgery and highlight the need for a rheumatologic evaluation in cases in which vasculitis is suspected. (ovid.com)
Treatment of cryoglobulinemia itself depends on how severe the disease is. (unckidneycenter.org)
Cryoglobulinemia is said to be essential when there is no identifiable underlying disease. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
It is now evident that most patients diagnosed with type II or type III mixed essential cryoglobulinemia have the disease as an immune response to chronic hepatitis C infection. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
Furthermore a defined immunological disease or cryoglobulinemia are absent. (symptoma.com)
Managing cryoglobulinemia disease involves careful monitoring and therapy. (naturalcurefor.com)
Genetic insights into the disease mechanisms of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)
Mixed cryoglobulinemias are a devastating disease but if hepatitis C can be identified early on, treated and cured people will not develop them. (hcvadvocate.org)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6996482?tool=bestpractice.com [4] Ferri C. Mixed cryoglobulinemia. (bmj.com)
[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] RESULTS: Clinical history, examinations, and laboratory results suggest HBV-associated cryoglobulinemia and vasculitis. (symptoma.com)
[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Other disorders--essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and polymyalgia rheumatica--have also been linked to HBV, but these associations are more controversial. (symptoma.com)

10 years of Living with Cryoglobulinemia. (allianceforcryo.org)

Most people with cryoglobulinemia develop purplish skin lesions on their legs. (mayoclinic.org)

Pictured below is an electron micrograph of a kidney biopsy specimen from a patient with cryoglobulinemia. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
We describe a patient with cryoglobulinemia refractory to standard therapy who died of GAE after receiving rituximab. (cdc.gov)

In a study of patients with type II cryoglobulinemia, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 patients were separated into CD3 + (T cells), CD19 + (B cells), and CD14 + (monocytes) and analyzed for the presence of negative-strand HCV RNA and for HCV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3). (medscape.com)
Type I cryoglobulinemia is usually associated with an underlying disorder, specifically certain types of cancer. (rarediseases.org)
Type II and type III cryoglobulinemia are known as mixed cryoglobulinemia. (rarediseases.org)
The clinical pictures of type II and III cryoglobulinemia are similar. (rarediseases.org)
The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the induction of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCII) and the possible establishment of related lymphoproliferative disorders, such as B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), is well ascertained. (mdpi.com)
Also called essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, this type is mostly found in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV infections. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
This is the most common type and accounts for 40-60% of all cryoglobulinemias. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Similarly, majority (up to 90% in Mediterranian population) of patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (type II or III) have evidence of HCV infection. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Therefore all patients with type II or type III cryoglobulinemias should be screened for HCV infection. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Type I cryoglobulinaemia is mostly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g. (bmj.com)
The prevalence of aCL was similar in patients with type II or type III mixed cryoglobulinemia. (nih.gov)
Type I cryoglobulinemia is most often related to cancer of the blood or immune systems. (adam.com)
The type of cryoglobulinaemia was identified in 23 (80%) of 29 HCV patients with cryoglobulinaemia and they were all type III. (bmj.com)
The efficacy of alpha interferon (IFN-α) in the treatment of severe type II essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) has been reported previously. (asm.org)
It has also been observed in patients with severe type II essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC), for whom IFN-α is a well-established and widely used therapy ( 9 , 10 , 12 , 32 ). (asm.org)
We report the case of a 63-year old women with toe gangrene, peripheral polyneuropathy, polyarthritis, histologically proven necrotizing vasculitis, in association with type III mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (hepcprimer.com)
Type I cryoglobulinemia less commonly involves the kidney. (unckidneycenter.org)
A 41 year old female with type I cryoglobulinemia, refractory to methylprednisolone, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide complicated by a rising serum viscosity was treated with alemtuzumab. (elsevier.com)
An interesting rash: leucocytoclastic vasculitis with type 2 cryoglobulinaemia. (ox.ac.uk)

A discussion of Cryoglobulinemia written in medical terms by David Hellmann, M.D. (F.A.C.P.), Co-Director of the Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center, for the Rheumatology Section of the Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program published and copyrighted by the American College of Physicians (Edition 11, 1998). (hopkinsvasculitis.org)

However, the discovery of a close association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and mixed cryoglobulinemia has cast doubt on the existence of essential, or idiopathic, cryoglobulinemia. (medscape.com)

Liu FC, Chao YC, Hou TY et al (2008) Usefulness of anti-CCP antibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus infection with or without arthritis, rheumatoid factor, or cryoglobulinemia. (springer.com)
Checking complement levels can be a quick place to start as the differential for low complements is a specific list of diagnoses which can then allow further testing for lupus (ANA and if positive double-stranded DNA), cryoglobulinemia (rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulin), endocarditis (blood cultures, echo if appropriate), and post infectious GN (ASO titers for pharyngitis Streptococcus and anti-DNAse B antibodies for Streptococcus soft tissue infections). (clinicaladvisor.com)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with the B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (ox.ac.uk)

This case demonstrates the potential use of alemtuzumab in the treatment of refractory cryoglobulinemia. (elsevier.com)

Vasculitis associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) involves both small- and medium-sized vessels. (mhmedical.com)
The role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the pathogenesis of vasculitis associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)

Neonatal management of symptomatic transplacental cryoglobulinaemia. (semanticscholar.org)

Central nervous system involvement and peripheral neuropathy in cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)

Depending on the underlying cause of cryoglobulinemia, treatment may include medications that suppress the immune system or fight viral infections. (middlesexhealth.org)

When the cryoglobulin proteins are a mixture of various antibody types, and forming for unknown reasons (essential), the conditions is referred to as essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. (medicinenet.com)
If you have cryoglobulinemia (kry-o-glob-u-lih-NEE-me-uh), these proteins may clump together at temperatures below 98.6 F (37 C). These gelatinous protein clumps can impede your blood circulation, which can damage your skin, joints, nerves and organs - particularly your kidneys and liver. (mayoclinic.org)
Cryoglobulinemia is the presence of abnormal proteins in the blood. (adam.com)
Cryoglobulinemia is defined as the presence of abnormal proteins in the blood that crystallize when cooled. (ovid.com)
In types II and III, called mixed cryoglobulinemias, there is a mixture of different proteins. (unckidneycenter.org)

Drug use is a prime risk factor for cryoglobulinemia because more than 90% of cases of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis are associated with hepatitis C infections. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)

Almost half of patients with chronic hepatitis C have mixed cryoglobulinemia. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

The most effective treatment for cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C has not yet been determined. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
The remaining 10%, called essential cryoglobulinemia, has been characterized by a more severe course and a failure to respond to conventional treatment. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
This article describes the case of a patient with essential cryoglobulinemia presenting with acronecrosis with a poor outcome, despite treatment, leading to amputation. (reumatologiaclinica.org)

Renal biopsy was done and she was diagnosed with HCV-related membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with cryoglobulinemia . (symptoma.com)

Cryoglobulinemia involves dysfunction of the immune system. (rarediseases.org)

Serum cryoglobulinemia was measured in all patients. (symptoma.com)
Alpha-chemokine CXCL10 and beta-chemokine CCL2 serum levels in HCV-positive cryoglobulinemia. (libreriastudium.it)

DISCUSSION:The prevalence of thyroid disorders is increased in patients with HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia. (unipi.it)

The patients were later diagnosed as having hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulinaemia. (mja.com.au)
Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is an extra hepatic hepatitis C virus related problem and different studies suggested genetics' role in predicting this complication. (cdc.gov)
Vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms as predictors of hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia. (cdc.gov)

What is essential mixed cryoglobulinemia? (medicinenet.com)
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is sometimes associated with hepatitis C virus infection. (medicinenet.com)
What is the prognosis (outlook) for patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia? (medicinenet.com)
How is essential mixed cryoglobulinemia treated? (medicinenet.com)
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is treated with combinations of medications which reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. (medicinenet.com)
What treatments, including medications, have you received for your essential mixed cryoglobulinemia? (medicinenet.com)
In rare cases, no underlying cause for the disorder can be identified (essential mixed cryoglobulinemia). (rarediseases.org)
To the editor: The relation between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is controversial. (annals.org)
I believe that their assumption is correct and that their series did not reflect "typical" patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. (annals.org)
LEVO Y. Hepatitis B Virus and Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia. (annals.org)
The exact mechanism by which HCV leads to essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is not clear. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
About 50% of cases of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia are associated with HCV infection. (nih.gov)
To analyze the possible effect of mixed cryoglobulinemia itself on aCL production, we also studied 22 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and no HCV infection (Group 3). (nih.gov)
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia with vasculitis and renal failure was documented by laboratory tests and renal biopsy. (symptoma.com)
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia manifesting as recurrent perioral edema: report of a case. (semanticscholar.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Humanities1

Information Science4

Health Care4

Geographicals1

Cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatic manifestations in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. (1/282)

Interferon-alpha may exacerbate cryoblobulinemia-related ischemic manifestations: an adverse effect potentially related to its anti-angiogenic activity. (2/282)

Response to interferon alpha treatment and disappearance of cryoglobulinaemia in patients infected by hepatitis C virus. (3/282)

Sustained response to interferon-alpha or to interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in hepatitis C virus-associated symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinaemia. (4/282)

Hepatitis C virus but not GB virus C/hepatitis G virus has a role in type II cryoglobulinemia. (5/282)

Mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to visceral Leishmaniasis. (6/282)

Prevalence and clinical features of cryoglobulinaemia in multitransfused beta-thalassaemia patients. (7/282)

Increased serum concentrations of soluble HLA-class I antigens in hepatitis C virus related mixed cryoglobulinaemia. (8/282)

Cryoglobulinemia

Cryoglobulins

Hepatitis C

Rheumatoid Factor

Pyroglobulins

Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative

Plasmapheresis

Vasculitis

Hepatitis C, Chronic

Hepacivirus

Paraproteinemias

Polyarteritis Nodosa

Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial

Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous

Polyneuropathies

Interferon-alpha

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived

Immunoglobulin M

Paraproteins

Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Immune Complex Diseases

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Ribavirin

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune

Hepatitis Antibodies

B-Lymphocytes

Lymphoma, B-Cell

Hepatitis C Antibodies

Glomerulonephritis

Blood Proteins

Chemical Precipitation

Immunoglobulin G

Gels

Minnesota

Regional Blood Flow

Hospitals, Group Practice

PubMed

Liver Diseases

Periodicals as Topic

Copyright

Software

Licensure

Moral Obligations

Congresses as Topic

Cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatic manifestations in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. (1/282)

Interferon-alpha may exacerbate cryoblobulinemia-related ischemic manifestations: an adverse effect potentially related to its anti-angiogenic activity. (2/282)

Response to interferon alpha treatment and disappearance of cryoglobulinaemia in patients infected by hepatitis C virus. (3/282)

Sustained response to interferon-alpha or to interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in hepatitis C virus-associated symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinaemia. (4/282)

Hepatitis C virus but not GB virus C/hepatitis G virus has a role in type II cryoglobulinemia. (5/282)

Mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to visceral Leishmaniasis. (6/282)

Prevalence and clinical features of cryoglobulinaemia in multitransfused beta-thalassaemia patients. (7/282)

Increased serum concentrations of soluble HLA-class I antigens in hepatitis C virus related mixed cryoglobulinaemia. (8/282)

Viruses | Free Full-Text | Molecular Signatures of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Induced Type II Mixed Cryoglobulinemia (MCII) | HTML

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Remission of hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis with interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin combination...

Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis: classification and clinical and therapeutic aspects | Postgraduate Medical Journal

Thyroid involvement in patients with overt HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia | IRIS Università di Pisa

Analysis of interleukin (IL)-1beta IL-1 receptor antagonist, soluble IL-1 receptor type II and IL-1 accessory protein in HCV...

Acute type II cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis mimicking atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. - Lenus, The Irish Health...

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Notes from Dr. RW: Hepatitis C-a multisystem disease

Contact Us - Alliance for Cryoglobulinemia

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Immunological and clinical follow up of hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis | Annals of the Rheumatic...

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in lymphocyte subsets and in B lymphocytes expressing rheumatoid factor cross-reacting idiotype in type...

Hepatitis C virus infection, cryoglobulinaemia, and beyond | IRIS Univ. Bari

Clinical spectrum of cryoglobulinaemic neuropathy | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

1 Sheng-Shun Yang, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans...

Dustin, L Group | Viral Infection and Immunity - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences

Ultrasonographic damages of major salivary glands are associated with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and lymphoma in primary...

Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians

Chronic liver fibrosis triggers autoantibody production by B cells in a MyD88-dependent pathway (BA4P.126) | The Journal of...

Cryoglobulinemia in chronic liver diseases: role of hepatitis C virus and liver damage. - PubMed - NCBI