Crown rump length. Medical search

A prosthetic restoration that reproduces the entire surface anatomy of the visible natural crown of a tooth. It may be partial (covering three or more surfaces of a tooth) or complete (covering all surfaces). It is made of gold or other metal, porcelain, or resin.

The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)

Macrocyclic polyethers with the repeating unit of (-CH2-CH2-O)n where n is greater than 2 and some oxygens may be replaced by nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus. These compounds are useful for coordinating CATIONS. The nomenclature uses a prefix to indicate the size of the ring and a suffix for the number of heteroatoms.

The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.

The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239)

Technique combining controlled eruptive tooth movement and incision of the supracrestal gingival attachment to allow for proper restoration of a destroyed or damaged crown of a tooth. Controlled eruption of the tooth is obtained using ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES. During this eruptive phase, repeated incisions are made at the junctional epithelium of the sulcus and the supracrestal connective tissue to prevent coronal displacement of the gingiva and of the attachment apparatus.

The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.

The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.

A localized proliferation of plant tissue forming a swelling or outgrowth, commonly with a characteristic shape and unlike any organ of the normal plant. Plant tumors or galls usually form in response to the action of a pathogen or a pest. (Holliday, P., A Dictionary of Plant Pathology, 1989, p330)

Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.

A type of porcelain used in dental restorations, either jacket crowns or inlays, artificial teeth, or metal-ceramic crowns. It is essentially a mixture of particles of feldspar and quartz, the feldspar melting first and providing a glass matrix for the quartz. Dental porcelain is produced by mixing ceramic powder (a mixture of quartz, kaolin, pigments, opacifiers, a suitable flux, and other substances) with distilled water. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The use of a layer of tooth-colored material, usually porcelain or acrylic resin, applied to the surface of natural teeth, crowns, or pontics by fusion, cementation, or mechanical retention.

The fusion of ceramics (porcelain) to an alloy of two or more metals for use in restorative and prosthodontic dentistry. Examples of metal alloys employed include cobalt-chromium, gold-palladium, gold-platinum-palladium, and nickel-based alloys.

The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.

Holding a DENTAL PROSTHESIS in place by its design, or by the use of additional devices or adhesives.

The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics.

Zirconium. A rather rare metallic element, atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.22, symbol Zr. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)

Inability or inadequacy of a dental restoration or prosthesis to perform as expected.

Use of a metal casting, usually with a post in the pulp or root canal, designed to support and retain an artificial crown.

Measurement of tooth characteristics.

The process of producing a form or impression made of metal or plaster using a mold.

A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.

One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)

The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)

The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

A material used for cementation of inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a temporary restoration. It is prepared by mixing zinc oxide and magnesium oxide powders with a liquid consisting principally of phosphoric acid, water, and buffers. (From Bouchers' Clinical Dental Terminology, 3d ed)

Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making dental restorations or parts of restorations the material is fused porcelain. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

A tooth from which the dental pulp has been removed or is necrotic. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.

Natural teeth or teeth roots used as anchorage for a fixed or removable denture or other prosthesis (such as an implant) serving the same purpose.

Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.

Occlusal wear of the surfaces of restorations and surface wear of dentures.

Substances used to bond COMPOSITE RESINS to DENTAL ENAMEL and DENTIN. These bonding or luting agents are used in restorative dentistry, ROOT CANAL THERAPY; PROSTHODONTICS; and ORTHODONTICS.

A denture replacing one or more (but not all) natural teeth. It is supported and retained by underlying tissue and some or all of the remaining teeth.

The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.

The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

The degree of approximation or fit of filling material or dental prosthetic to the tooth surface. A close marginal adaptation and seal at the interface is important for successful dental restorations.

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.

Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc.

Dental cements composed either of polymethyl methacrylate or dimethacrylate, produced by mixing an acrylic monomer liquid with acrylic polymers and mineral fillers. The cement is insoluble in water and is thus resistant to fluids in the mouth, but is also irritating to the dental pulp. It is used chiefly as a luting agent for fabricated and temporary restorations. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p159)

A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)

An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Water-soluble low-molecular-weight polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid that form solid, insoluble products when mixed with specially prepared ZnO powder. The resulting cement adheres to dental enamel and is also used as a luting agent.

An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.

Material from which the casting mold is made in the fabrication of gold or cobalt-chromium castings. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p168)

A dental specialty concerned with the restoration and maintenance of oral function by the replacement of missing TEETH and related structures by artificial devices or DENTAL PROSTHESES.

Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.

A treatment modality in endodontics concerned with the therapy of diseases of the dental pulp. For preparatory procedures, ROOT CANAL PREPARATION is available.

A partial denture intended for short-term use in a temporary or emergency situation.

The plan, delineation, and location of actual structural elements of dentures. The design can relate to retainers, stress-breakers, occlusal rests, flanges, framework, lingual or palatal bars, reciprocal arms, etc.

Alloys that contain a high percentage of gold. They are used in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.

The constricted part of the tooth at the junction of the crown and root or roots. It is often referred to as the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth and the enamel of the tooth meet. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p530, p433)

Any restorative and replacement device that is used as a therapeutic aid in the treatment of periodontal disease. It is an adjunct to other forms of periodontal therapy and does not cure periodontal disease by itself. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 3d ed)

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and the stems, leafs, and roots of plants. Some biotypes are pathogenic and cause the formation of PLANT TUMORS in a wide variety of higher plants. The species is a major research tool in biotechnology.

A partial denture attached to prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants by cementation.

A restoration designed to remain in service for not less than 20 to 30 years, usually made of gold casting, cohesive gold, or amalgam. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)

The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion.

The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures.

An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.

The wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It is chiefly associated with aging. It is differentiated from TOOTH ABRASION (the pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by friction, as brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes) and from TOOTH EROSION (the loss of substance caused by chemical action without bacterial action). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p86)

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

Macrocyclic compounds analogous to CROWN ETHERS but which lack any OXYGEN atoms.

A plant species of the family POACEAE that is widely cultivated for its edible seeds.

A polymer obtained by reacting polyacrylic acid with a special anion-leachable glass (alumino-silicate). The resulting cement is more durable and tougher than others in that the materials comprising the polymer backbone do not leach out.

The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Skills, techniques, standards, and principles used to improve the art and symmetry of the teeth and face to improve the appearance as well as the function of the teeth, mouth, and face. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p108)

The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472)

A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.

The retention of a denture in place by design, device, or adhesion.

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An adhesion procedure for orthodontic attachments, such as plastic DENTAL CROWNS. This process usually includes the application of an adhesive material (DENTAL CEMENTS) and letting it harden in-place by light or chemical curing.

Restorations of metal, porcelain, or plastic made to fit a cavity preparation, then cemented into the tooth. Onlays are restorations which fit into cavity preparations and overlay the occlusal surface of a tooth or teeth. Onlays are retained by frictional or mechanical factors.

The process of reuniting or replacing a broken or worn dental prosthesis or its part.

A prosthesis that gains its support, stability, and retention from a substructure that is implanted under the soft tissues of the basal seat of the device and is in contact with bone. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Loss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processes

The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. Dentition referring to the deciduous teeth is DENTITION, PRIMARY; to the permanent teeth, DENTITION, PERMANENT. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Coloring, shading, or tinting of prosthetic components, devices, and materials.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).

Methods of preparing tissue specimens for visualization using an electron microscope, usually a scanning electron microscope. The methods involve the creation of exact copies of the specimens by making a mold or cast (i.e., replica) of the specimen.

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry.

Devices, usually alloplastic, surgically inserted into or onto the jawbone, which support a single prosthetic tooth and serve either as abutments or as cosmetic replacements for missing teeth.

A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The 32 teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.

Preparation of TOOTH surfaces, and of materials bonded to teeth or DENTAL IMPLANTS, with agents and methods which roughen the surface to facilitate adhesion. Agents include phosphoric or other acids (ACID ETCHING, DENTAL) and methods include LASERS.

Individual growth patterns in the first trimester: evidence for difference in embryonic and fetal growth rates. (1/203)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate individual fetal growth during the first trimester in pregnancies resulting from spontaneous and in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: The growth of 11 fetuses conceived by spontaneous fertilization (known dates of ovulation) in nine patients and 15 fetuses conceived by IVF in 12 patients were evaluated at weekly intervals from 6 weeks, menstrual age, to 14 weeks. Fetal length was determined at each examination. Measures of fetal length included the crown-rump length (CRL), maximum straight line length (MSLL) and maximum axial length (MAL). Comparisons of CRL and MSLL to MAL were carried out. The MSLL was used as the measure of length except when the MAL was available. Linear and quadratic functions were fitted to the complete data sets of individual fetuses in the two groups. Individual data sets from ten fetuses in each group were then divided into early and late growth phases, and linear functions were fitted to each data subset. Start points and pivotal points for each fetus were estimated from the coefficients of these two functions. Growth in these two groups of fetuses was compared, on the basis of slope values. RESULTS: Evaluation of length measures indicated that, before 8 weeks, only MSLL could be measured. After 8 weeks, all three measures could be obtained, with the MAL being the largest. Both the linear and quadratic models performed well with individual data sets (mean R2(+/- SD): linear 98.1 (1.0)%; quadratic 99.4 (0.4)%), with no differences found between spontaneous and IVF groups (maximum possible differences in mean slopes (95% probability): 5-8%). Similar findings were obtained for the early and late growth phase data subsets. Slope values in the early and late growth phases showed low variability (CV: early 13.5%; late 11.6%), but were significantly different (early 0.72 (+/- 0.10 SD) cm/week; late 1.21 (+/- 0.14 SD) cm/week). The mean start point was 5.9 (+/- 0.3 SD) weeks' menstrual age, while the mean pivotal point was 9.2 (+/- 0.7 SD) weeks, menstrual age. CONCLUSIONS: First-trimester growth studies in individual fetuses indicate that there is a change in length growth rate between 9 and 10 weeks, menstrual age. This is consistent with a shift in development from organogenesis to growth. These results can be used for more accurate assessment of first-trimester growth and may aid in the detection of fetal problems that manifest themselves as growth abnormalities. (+info)

The 'Mickey Mouse' sign and the diagnosis of anencephaly in early pregnancy. (2/203)

OBJECTIVES: To assess the sonographic screening for anencephaly in the first trimester in a low-risk obstetric population. METHODS: Since 1994, 5388 women attended our clinic for a first-trimester scan (11-14 weeks of gestation) and screening for structural and chromosomal abnormalities. The patients underwent transabdominal scanning, and transvaginal scanning if necessary. RESULTS: The ultrasonographic appearances of anencephaly in the first trimester are different from the familiar second-trimester signs. The cerebral hemispheres are present and exposed to the surrounding amniotic fluid. The ultrasound appearances in the coronal section of the head are best described as 'Mickey Mouse face'. There were six cases of anencephaly (incidence 1.1:1000). All cases were diagnosed in the first trimester and five demonstrated this sign. There were no false-positive diagnoses. The crown-rump length was significantly reduced in all affected fetuses. CONCLUSION: First-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis of anencephaly is accurate, but sonographers should be familiar with the ultrasound appearances that are different from those in the second trimester. (+info)

Biometrical threshold of biparietal diameter for certain fetal sex assignment by ultrasound. (3/203)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish the biometric threshold of biparietal diameter (BPD), assumed to be an independent variable of gestational age, at which 100% accuracy in the assessment of fetal sex by ultrasonography is achievable. METHODS: Transvaginal and/or transabdominal sonography was used for detecting the 'sagittal sign' as a marker of fetal sex in 385 fetuses with BPD between 18 and 29 mm. The results of ultrasound examination were compared with sex at birth or with karyotype obtained from amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villus sampling. RESULTS: Fetal sex assignment was feasible in 337 of 385 cases (87.5%). Of the 312 fetuses with known fetal sex outcome, 164 were males and 148 were females. An accuracy rate of 100% was achieved when a BPD of > or = 23 mm was obtained. CONCLUSION: This study provides important information about the earliest stage of fetal development, expressed in terms of BPD, at which a diagnosis of fetal sex can be made with 100% accuracy. (+info)

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and infant ponderal index at birth in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, 1991-1992. (4/203)

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on infant body proportion. METHODS: The ponderal index, defined as birthweight divided by crown-heel length cubed, was examined in 207,607 infants from the Swedish Medical Birth Register for 1991 and 1992. RESULTS: Infant ponderal index was used as the outcome variable in an ordinary least squares continuous regression, which included early pregnancy smoking status, gestational age, and birthweight among the predictors. Ponderal index increased by 0.030 (+/- 0.0014) among infants of moderate smokers and by 0.040 (+/- 0.0017) among infants of heavy smokers, showing a dose response. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking differentially alters the trajectory of weight vs length growth in the fetus. (+info)

Relationship between fetal femur diaphysis length and neonatal crown-heel length: the effect of race. (5/203)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether racial differences affect the relationship between the fetal femur diaphysis length and the neonatal crown-heel length. DESIGN: A prospective study in a teaching hospital with a multiracial population. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and fifty pregnant women (150 Malays, 150 Chinese and 150 Indians) who delivered live infants. METHODS: Ultrasound scan measurement of the fetal femur diaphysis length was carried out within 48 h of delivery in all cases. The relationship between the neonatal crown-heel length and the femur diaphysis length was obtained by regression using the method of least squares. Dummy or indicator variables were used to determine the effect of race on the relationship. RESULTS: The relationship between the neonatal crown-heel length and the femur diaphysis length in all three races was well described by a linear model but a quadratic model described the relationship better. There was no significant difference in relationship of the neonatal crown-heel length and the femur diaphysis length between the Malay and Chinese populations, but the relationship in the Indian population was significantly different was from both the Chinese and Malay. For a given femur diaphysis length, the crown-heel length of the Indian population was found on average to be 1.1 cm shorter than the crown-heel length of the Malay and Chinese populations. CONCLUSION: Differences in fetal body proportions exist between some races. The longer femur diaphysis length noted in certain races does not necessarily imply that the corresponding crown-heel length is longer. These inter-racial differences may increase the error of fetal weight and length estimates if formulae, which have been derived from samples racially dissimilar to that of the target population are used. (+info)

Gestational age in pregnancies conceived after in vitro fertilization: a comparison between age assessed from oocyte retrieval, crown-rump length and biparietal diameter. (6/203)

OBJECTIVE: To compare gestational age (GA) and day of delivery estimated from the time of in vitro fertilization (IVF) (oocyte retrieval + 14 days), the ultrasonic measurement of the crown-rump length (CRL) and the biparietal diameter (BPD) in pregnancies conceived in an IVF setting. DESIGN: Included were 208 singletons and 72 twin pregnancies conceived after IVF. GA estimated from the time of IVF was compared with the GA estimated from the ultrasonic measurement of the CRL in the first trimester and the BPD in the second trimester. RESULTS: In singletons the mean difference in gestational age was 0.9 days between IVF and CRL estimates and 2.1 days between IVF and BPD estimates. The gestational age as estimated from CRL or BPD was shorter than the GA estimated from IVF. There was no systematic variation in the mean differences in GA between the methods. In three pregnancies there was a difference of more than 7 days between the gestational age estimated from IVF and CRL and in 22 pregnancies between gestational age estimated from IVF and BPD. A difference of > 14 days for any of the estimates was not found in any case. In singletons there was a high correlation in the gestational age at birth assessed from the time of IVF and from CRL, from the time of IVF and from BPD. CONCLUSION: Assessment of gestational age from the time of IVF, CRL and BPD in pregnancies conceived after IVF shows equally high agreement between the three methods. This supports the use of ultrasound as a reliable method for estimation of gestational age. (+info)

Alobar holoprosencephaly at 9 weeks gestational age visualized by two- and three-dimensional ultrasound. (7/203)

We present the ultrasound detection of alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) with cyclopia in an embryo of 9 weeks 2 days last menstrual period (LMP)-based gestational age; the crown-rump length (CRL) was 22 mm. The use of three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound made additional diagnostic ultrasound tomograms possible, and the volume reconstructions improved the imaging and the understanding of the condition. (+info)

The prenatal cranial base complex and hand in Turner syndrome. (8/203)

From early childhood, Turner syndrome patients have a flattened cranial base, maxillary retrognathism, and short hands. There are, however, no studies that show when these genotype-determined abnormalities occur prenatally. The purpose of the present study was to measure craniofacial profile and hand radiographs of second trimester foetuses with Turner syndrome and compare the results with similar measurements from normal foetuses. The subjects consisted of 12 Turner syndrome foetuses, gestational age (GA) varying between 15 and 24 weeks, and crown-rump length (CRL) between 108 and 220 mm. The mid-sagittal block of each cranium was analysed as part of the requested brain analysis (pituitary gland analysis). This block and the right hand from seven foetuses were radiographed, and the skeletal maturity of the cranial base complex, i.e. the cranial base and the maxilla, was evaluated from the profile radiographs. Shape and size measurements in the cranial base were performed, and compared with normal values according to cranial maturity and to CRL. The cranial base angle in Turner syndrome was greater and the maxillary prognathism was reduced compared with the normal group. The dimensions in the cranial complex and in the hand showed that the bone lengths and distances in relation to CRL were generally smaller compared with normal foetuses. This investigation showed that the abnormal shape of the cranial base complex and the short hands in Turner syndrome are present prenatally. (+info)

Robinson, H. P.; Fleming, J. E. E. (September 1975). "A critical evaluation of sonar 'crown‐rump length' measurements". BJOG: ... Jukic, A.M.; Baird, D.D.; Weinberg, C.R.; McConnaughey, D.R.; Wilcox, A.J. (October 2013). "Length of human pregnancy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilization

Robinson, H. P.; Fleming, J. E. E. (1975). "A Critical Evaluation of Sonar "crown-Rump Length" Measurements". BJOG: An ... crown-rump length and biparietal diameter". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 15 (1): 41-46. doi:10.1046/j.1469- ... By gestational sac diameter By crown-rump length (CRL) By biparietal diameter (BPD) The fertilization or conceptional age (also ... Babies who were fewer than 28 weeks of gestational age, or weighed fewer than 1000 grams, or fewer than 35 cm in length - even ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_age

For decades, the topic of question pertaining to crown-rump length (CR), crown-heel length (CH), head circumference (HC) with ... Berger GS, Edelman DA, Kerenyi TD (1975). "Fetal crown-rump length and biparietal diameter in the second trimester of pregnancy ... Drumm JE, Clinch J, Mackenzie G (1976). "The ultrasonic measurement of fetal crown-rump length as a method assessing ... Mukherjee B, Mitra SC, Gunasegaran JP (1986). "Fetal crown-rump length and body weight at different gestational periods". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometric_measurement_of_the_developing_fetus

Normal thickness depends on the crown-rump length (CRL) of the fetus. Among those fetuses whose nuchal translucency exceeds the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuchal_scan

The fetal pole may be seen at 2-4 mm crown-rump length (CRL). "Fetal pole , Radiology Reference Article , Radiopaedia.org". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_pole

The length of the umbilical cord is approximately equal to the crown-rump length of the fetus throughout pregnancy. The ... The length of umbilical left attached to the newborn varies by practice; in most hospital settings the length of cord left ... in length is left attached to the newborn. The remaining umbilical stub remains for up to 10 days as it dries and then falls ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilical_cord

... the short one is crown rump length and the long one extended to the knees. According to the sacrificial and ceremonial apparel ... The length of the skirts and trousers could vary from knee-length to ground-length. The earliest form of Chinese hair stick was ... Men in the Han dynasty also wore a kerchief or a crown on their heads. The guan (冠; crown or cap) was used as a symbol of ... men and women tend to wear that knee-length tunic over trousers for men and long, ground-length skirts for women. When their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanfu

Crown-rump length can be used as the best ultrasonographic measurement for correct diagnosis of gestational age during the ... This correlation between crown-rump length and gestational age would be most effectively shown when no growth defects are ... Many research studies agree that SGA babies are those with birth weight or crown-heel length measured at two standard ... then the measurement of the date of last menstrual period becomes quite important since the crown-heel length has become less ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_nutrition

... crown-rump length and biparietal diameter". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 15 (1): 41-46. doi:10.1046/j.1469- ... Given that these gestation lengths are only estimates of an average, it is helpful to consider gestation time as a range of ... The calculation method does not always result in 280 days because not all calendar months are the same length; it does not ... H. Kieler; O. Axelsson; S. Nilsson; U. Waldenströ (1995). "The length of human pregnancy as calculated by ultrasonographic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimated_date_of_delivery

... crown-rump length and biparietal diameter". Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 15 (1): 41-46. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000. ... The exact length of each trimester can vary between sources. The first trimester begins with the start of gestational age as ... At this stage, a fetus is about 30 mm (1.2 inches) in length, the heartbeat is seen via ultrasound, and the fetus makes ... The fetus continues to grow in both weight and length, although the majority of the physical growth occurs in the last weeks of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy

... and number Identification of the embryo and/or yolk sac Measurement of fetal length (known as the crown-rump length) Fetal ... The most accurate measurement for dating is the crown-rump length of the fetus, which can be done between 7 and 13 weeks of ... the length of the femur, the crown-heel length (head to heel), and other fetal parameters.[citation needed] Dating is more ... 1996). "The Length of the Cervix and the Risk of spontaneous Premature Delivery". New England Journal of Medicine. 334 (9): 567 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_ultrasonography

... and the crown-rump length after week 6. Multiple gestation is evaluated by the number of placentae and amniotic sacs present. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrics

The regression formula which describes this acceleration before the embryo reaches 25 mm in crown-rump length or 9.2 LMP weeks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate

At the start of the fetal stage, the fetus is typically about 30 millimetres (1.2 in) in length from crown-rump, and weighs ... It may be 48 to 53 cm (19 to 21 inches) in length, when born. Control of movement is limited at birth, and purposeful voluntary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetus

... crown-rump length and biparietal diameter". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 15 (1): 41-46. doi:10.1046/j.1469- ... Length of gestation. and fetal growth. *Small for gestational age/Large for gestational age ... The fetus continues to grow in both weight and length, although the majority of the physical growth occurs in the last weeks of ... in length, the heartbeat is seen via ultrasound, and the fetus makes involuntary motions.[32] During continued fetal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child-bearing

Crown-rump length is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to the bottom ... Length measures the same dimension as height, but height is measured standing up while length is measured lying down. In first ... variants that primarily determine leg length, (2) variants that primarily determine spine and head length, or (3) variants that ... Note there is a discontinuity in the growth curves at age 2, which reflects the difference in recumbent length (with the child ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_height

... without transvaginal scanning may be sufficient for diagnosing early pregnancy failure when an embryo whose crown-rump length ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blighted_ovum

Crown rump length before a gestational age of 6 weeks is extrapolated by assuming a gestational sac diameter of 0 at a ... "Normal Ranges of Embryonic Length, Embryonic Heart Rate, Gestational Sac Diameter and Yolk Sac Diameter at 6-10 Weeks". Fetal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_sac

... crown-rump length MeSH G03.850.505.400 - demography MeSH G03.850.505.400.050 - age distribution MeSH G03.850.505.400.225 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G03)

... pes length 2.94 cm (1.16 in), manus 2.30 cm (0.91 in), shank 4.16 cm (1.64 in), forearm 4.34 cm (1.71 in) and crown-rump length ... a crown-snout length of 5.87 cm (2.31 in), tail length of 5.78 cm (2.28 in), ... It has a squat, thick build, with a large head and a tail which is about half its body length. Unusually for a marsupial, its ... Males are usually larger than females, having an average head and body length of 652 mm (25.7 in), a 258 mm (10.2 in) tail and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_devil

In two caves surveyed on Grande Comore in November 2006, all females were pregnant with single embryos with crown-rump lengths ... With a forearm length of 35 to 38 mm (1.4 to 1.5 in), M. griveaudi is a small Miniopterus. It is usually dark brown, but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniopterus_griveaudi

... crown-rump length MeSH G07.290.100.660 - organ size MeSH G07.290.100.803 - skinfold thickness MeSH G07.290.100.960 - waist-hip ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G07)

... crown-rump length MeSH E01.370.600.115.100.660 - organ size MeSH E01.370.600.115.100.803 - skinfold thickness MeSH E01.370. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)

... the official FDA response to a New Drug Application Crown-rump length, the ultrasound measurement of a foetus Brussels South ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRL

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilical_cord

... crown-rump length and biparietal diameter". Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 15 (1): 41-46. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000. ... The fetus continues to grow in both weight and length, although the majority of the physical growth occurs in the last weeks of ... Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each lasting for approximately 3 months.[4] The exact length of each trimester can ... in length, the heartbeat is seen via ultrasound, and the fetus makes involuntary motions.[39] During continued fetal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnant

... crown-rump length and biparietal diameter". Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 15 (1): 41-46. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000. ... The fetus continues to grow in both weight and length, although the majority of the physical growth occurs in the last weeks of ... in length, the heartbeat is seen via ultrasound, and the fetus makes involuntary motions.[37] During continued fetal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_trimester

Crown rump length before a gestational age of 9 weeks is extrapolated by assuming a crown rump length of 0 at a gestational age ... Crown-rump length (CRL) is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to the ... "Estimation of gestational age in early pregnancy from crown-rump length when gestational age range is truncated: the case study ... The length of the umbilical cord is approximately equal to the CRL throughout pregnancy. Gestational age is not the same as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown-rump_length

The thrasher is 21.5 to 24 cm in length. The adult has a brown crown, back, shoulders, and rump that becomes more red in its ... The Cozumel thrasher is similar in appearance to the long-billed thrasher (26.5-29 cm in length), but is smaller, darker in ... tint on its lower back and rump. Greater and lesser coverts are a warm brown with concealed white tips, preceded with a black ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozumel_thrasher

... which imparts a somewhat longer total length that the white-tailed eagle, and a longer mean tarsal length.[4][10][36][37] ... They have an ample bill with a relatively high culmen, helping impart a relatively narrow and high crowned facial look, ... the hatchlings have a creamy white down which is longest and whitest on the head and often dirty grayish on wings and rump. ... tail and tarsal length, or body mass rather than wingspan or total length. As expected for many widely distributed animals of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_eagle

The rainbow pitta is 16 to 18 cm (6.3-7.1 in) in length,[3] and weighs 52-88 g (1.8-3.1 oz). Females weigh 67 g (2.4 oz), ... Study skin of a rainbow pitta showing the (faded) red on the rump ... brown eyes and a chestnut stripe along each side of its crown.[ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_pitta

Charles was moved to Hurst Castle at the end of 1648, and thereafter to Windsor Castle.[254] In January 1649, the Rump House of ... Monarchs of England and Scotland after the Union of the Crowns from 1603 ... By 1604, when Charles was three-and-a-half, he was able to walk the length of the great hall at Dunfermline Palace without ... Farthing of Charles I, showing a crown over two sceptres in saltire on the obverse. The two sceptres represent the two kingdoms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Scotland

"The Role of Flower Width in Hummingbird Bill Length-Flower Length Relationships" (PDF). Biotropica. 34 (1): 68-80. doi:10.1111/ ... a b Gauthier, J., and de Queiroz, K. (2001). "Feathered dinosaurs, flying dinosaurs, crown dinosaurs, and the name Aves." Pp. 7 ... 10 Rump, 11 Primaries, 12 Vent, 13 Thigh, 14 Tibio-tarsal articulation, 15 Tarsus, 16 Foot, 17 Tibia, 18 Belly, 19 Flanks, 20 ... The length and nature of parental care varies widely amongst different orders and species. At one extreme, parental care in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird

Medium to large sized with ashy-grey and yellowish sheen, and a greyish white rump patch. The males do not have neck manes, but ... Antlers typically measure 71 cm (28 in) in total length and weigh 1 kg (2.2 lb), although large ones can grow to 115 cm (45 in ... "crown" or "cup" in larger males. Any tines in excess of the fourth and fifth tine will grow radially from the cup, which are ... The Caspian red deer's winter coat is greyer and has a larger and more distinguished light rump-patch (like wapiti and some ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Deer

Crown Prince Naruhito, Crown Princess Masako, Pope John Paul II, US President Bill Clinton, Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev, ... The koala is a stocky animal with a large head and vestigial or non-existent tail.[28][29] It has a body length of 60-85 cm (24 ... on the rump it is dappled whitish, and darker at the back.[29] The koala has the most effective insulating back fur of any ... The koala has a body length of 60-85 cm (24-33 in) and weighs 4-15 kg (9-33 lb). Pelage colour ranges from silver grey to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalas

This appears to be the primitive condition among birds, most birds have lost the phallus.[59] The length is thought to be ... Some birds, such as pigeons, geese, and red-crowned cranes, remain with their mates for life and may produce offspring on a ... 10 Rump, 11 Primaries, 12 Vent, 13 Thigh, 14 Tibio-tarsal articulation, 15 Tarsus, 16 Feet, 17 Tibia, 18 Belly, 19 Flanks, 20 ... The partial pressure of oxygen in the parabronchi declines along their lengths as O2 diffuses into the blood. The blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_skeleton

In two caves surveyed on Grande Comore in November 2006, all females were pregnant with single embryos with crown-rump lengths ... Total length. Tail. Hindfoot. Tragus. Ear. Forearm. Mass Anjouan. 38. 87.8 (85-91). 41.0 (38-44). 5.0 (4-6). 5.2 (5-6). 10.1 (9 ... With a forearm length of 35 to 38 mm (1.4 to 1.5 in), M. griveaudi is a small Miniopterus. It is usually dark brown, but ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniopterus_griveaudi

The back, rump, and tail are streaked with gray and dark brown, sometimes with a rusty hue.[12] The male and female are similar ... The nominate subspecies in its breeding plumage has a white head with a yellowish wash on the crown. The nape and neck are dark ... in length and has a wingspan of 2.03 to 2.28 m (6 ft 8 in to 7 ft 6 in).[5] The weight of adults can range anywhere from 2 to 5 ... The nominate subspecies in its breeding plumage has a white head with a yellowish wash on the crown. The nape and neck are dark ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Pelican

The crown of the head is intense purple. The back of the head is red, and the nape of the neck is intense violet. An indigo- ... The rump and lower belly are a slightly deeper red. The breast has a broad band of deep blue. Extending the color from the nape ... The red-and-blue lory is roughly 12 inches (30 cm) in length, including the tail. The species is sexually monomorphic, i.e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-and-blue_Lory

In both sexes, total length can range from 11-14 cm (4.3-5.5 in), with a wingspan of 18-22 cm (7.1-8.7 in) and weight of 12-18 ... Kubisz, MA (1989). "Burdock as a Hazard to Golden-Crowned Kinglets and Other Small Birds". Ontario Birds. 7 (3): 112-114.. ... green tones in the mantle and yellow in the rump. Adult pine siskins of the typical morph do not have green and yellow tones, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Siskin

Adults measure 23 to 28 cm (9.1 to 11.0 in) in shoulder height and 55-77 cm (22-30 in) in body length, with the tail adding ... Although its pelage is the normal dense white over the crown, this pale colour starts to thin out over the neck and shoulders, ... continuing to the rump where it fades into black. It possesses an extra lower molar on the left side of the jaw[12] Sierra ... Skull length is 13.9-14.5 cm (5.5-5.7 in) in males and 13 cm (5.1 in) for females.[24][25] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellivora

The remainder of "rump" Czechoslovakia was renamed Czecho-Slovakia and included a greater degree of Slovak political autonomy. ... The total length of the rivers on Slovak territory is 49,774 kilometres (30,928 mi). ... Right: five Slovak crowns. The Bronze Age in the geographical territory of modern-day Slovakia went through three stages of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Republic

Plumage colours are deeper than in A. a. floresiana, the blue on the hind neck and rump is purple-tinged and the ear-patch is ... Compared to A. a. ispida, it has a greener crown, paler underparts and is slightly larger. ... in length, and weigh about 4.3 g (0.15 oz), of which 5% is shell.[5] One or two eggs in most clutches fail to hatch because the ... The adult male of the western European subspecies, A. a. ispida has green-blue upperparts with pale azure-blue back and rump, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Kingfisher

... and prominent black barring and scaling on their crown, nape, mantle, back, rump and upper wing coverts.[19] Their bills are ... The two long tail feathers are orange or red with white bases for around a tenth of their length,[21] and can be hard to see ... The bimodality of the length of foraging trips is likely to be because of the fact that it is the optimal balance of self- ... Mate choice is likely to be partially based on the length of the tail streamers, a bird having longer tail streamers being more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-tailed_tropicbird

... with male wing chord lengths 425 to 475 mm (16.7 to 18.7 in) and female lengths of 440 to 503 mm (17.3 to 19.8 in).[7][32] It ... B. b. hemachalana differs from B. b. yenisseensis by being much more yellow on the rump, under tail coverts, and outer tail ... The crown, hindneck and underparts are streaked blackish but somewhat sparingly, with the lower breast and belly indistinctly ... in length. 11 adult eagle-owls of subspecies race from the Tibetan Plateau averaged 301 mm (11.9 in) in tail length, 78 mm (3.1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Eagle-Owl

I've already listed laboriously and at length all the numerous references I have for statements / non-neutral POV edits I ... Vichy's completely black reputation comes from its collaboration in the 1943-1944 period, after the rump free zone had been ... total number of casualties have their flags displayed whilst India the sword arm of the British Empire and jewel in the crown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_War_II/Archive_38

Upperparts green, rump and flanks yellow, and underparts are buff. There is a white wing bar. The crown has black stripes and a ... They have medium-length wings and tails, and small needle-like bills. The plumage is overall grey-green, offset by pale ... The exception is the ruby-crowned kinglet, the largest species, which has a strongly red crest and no black crown stripes. It ... In the females, the crown is duller and yellower. The long feathers forming the central crown stripe can be erected; they are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulus_

The head is topped with a crown of black, dense short feathers, on either side of which are short, non-projecting ear-tufts. ... The Tibetan eared pheasant grows to a length of between 75 and 85 cm (30 and 33 in), with females being slightly smaller than ... rump, upper tail coverts and belly are paler whitish-grey. The wings are blackish-brown and the tail bluish-black.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossoptilon_harmani

... in length from crown to rump, and weighs about 8 grams.[1] The head makes up nearly half of the fetus' size.[8] Breathing-like ... in length, when born. Control of movement is limited at birth, and purposeful voluntary movements develop all the way until ...

https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/పిండం

Some birds, such as pigeons, geese, and red-crowned cranes, remain with their mates for life and may produce offspring on a ... The length is thought to be related to sperm competition in species that usually mate many times in a breeding season; sperm ... 10 Rump, 11 Primaries, 12 Vent, 13 Thigh, 14 Tibio-tarsal articulation, 15 Tarsus, 16 Feet, 17 Tibia, 18 Belly, 19 Flanks, 20 ... The partial pressure of oxygen in the parabronchi declines along their lengths as O2 diffuses into the blood. The blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supracoracoideus

The tail reaches its adult length by 65 to 70 days.[57] Young boobooks then live in their parents' territory for a further 2-4 ... It has cinnamon upperparts, brownish crown and cinnamon-streaked underparts.[23] Its redder coloration and small size led ... rump and tail.[23] Locally common, it is known as Tuterui and Kokorok in Landu and Oelaba localities respectively on the island ... Immatures in their second and third year have plumage more like adults, though their crowns are paler and more heavily streaked ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_boobook

Length up to 1.52 m (5.0 ft), wingspan 2.48 m (8.1 ft),[23] average weight 7 kg (15 lb).[24] Dark with a white stripe from the ... pinkish rump and spotted bill pouch.[36]. Monotypic. Southern Asia from southern Pakistan across India east to Indonesia;[18] ... as well as crowned cormorants, kelp gulls, greater crested terns, and African penguins on Dassen Island and elsewhere.[75] The ... Length 1.25-1.32 m (4.1-4.3 ft), wingspan 2.65-2.9 m (8.7-9.5 ft),[31] weight 3.9-7 kg (8.6-15.4 lb).[32] Grey and white ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelican

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown-rump_length

Specific measures are needed to evaluate and to improve the quality of the measurement of crown-lump length. ... High scores of the quality of nuchal translucency measurement do not guarantee accurate measurement of crown-rump length. ... Quality of first-trimester measurement of crown-rump length Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec;211(6):672.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog. ... Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of crown-rump length (CRL) measurements in scans judged to be ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24912098/

Disease relevance of Crown-Rump Length. *In the current studies, indices of somatic growth [body weight, crown-rump length (CRL ... Biological context of Crown-Rump Length. *Using indwelling crown-rump length (CRL)-measuring devices, the growth rate of sheep ... High impact information on Crown-Rump Length. *Early fetal growth, assessed by crown-rump length on ultrasonographic ... crown-rump length, and total protein and DNA content [7].. *Lean body mass and crown-rump length were also slightly (11 and 5 ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/15227.html

W. M. Abuelghar, H. M. Fathi, M. I. Ellaithy, and M. A. Anwar, "Can a smaller than expected crown-rump length reliably predict ... R. P. Dickey, R. F. Gasser, T. T. Olar et al., "The relationship of initial embryo crown-rump length to pregnancy outcome and ... First-Trimester Crown-Rump Length and Embryonic Volume of Fetuses with Structural Congenital Abnormalities Measured in Virtual ... The relative increase in embryonic volume (EV) is much larger than that of the crown-rump length (CRL) over the same time ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2017/1953076/

... crown-rump length explanation free. What is crown-rump length? Meaning of crown-rump length medical term. What does crown-rump ... Looking for online definition of crown-rump length in the Medical Dictionary? ... See also: crown-heel length. crown-rump length (CRL) (krown-rŭmp length) A measurement from the vertex of the cranium to the ... crown-rump length. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to crown-rump length: ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crown-rump+length

International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the ... There are no international standards for relating fetal crown-rump length (CRL) to gestational age (GA), and most existing ... International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the ...

https://www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/resource/international-standards-for-early-fetal-size-and-pregnancy-dating-based-on-ultrasound-measurement-of-crown-rump-length-in-the-first-trimester-of-pregnancy/

Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) measurement by ultrasound in the first trimester is the standard method for pregnancy dating; ... Pregnancy dating by fetal crown-rump length: a systematic review of charts. Share Share Share Share ... BACKGROUND: Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) measurement by ultrasound in the first trimester is the standard method for pregnancy ... Humans, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Crown-Rump Length, Gestational Age, Pregnancy, Research Design, Female ...

https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/464641

There are no international standards for relating fetal crown-rump length (CRL) to gestational age (GA), and most existing ... crown-rump length, dating, gestational age, global health, growth, pregnancy, Adult, Crown-Rump Length, Female, Gestational Age ... International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the ... International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the ...

https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/477089

Crown-Rump Length and pH Probe Length. Jolley, Stephen G. Jolley, Stephen G. Less ...

https://journals.lww.com/jpgn/toc/1992/08000

After measuring crown-rump length of each fetal skull after removing brain tissue via foramen magnum was then kept for ... To establish the correlation between the external surface area of right parietal bone and crown-rump length, to predict fetal ... Crown-Rump Length estimation of Human Fetuses by external surface area of Right Parietal b ... Crown-Rump Length estimation of Human Fetuses by external surface area of Right Parietal bone. ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/sea-164468

crown-rump length;. TPH,. tryptophan hydroxylase;. SERT,. serotonin transporter;. ISH,. in situ hybridization;. PKU,. ... 1 B, embryos 3 and 4). Size was evaluated by measuring the crown-rump length (CRL) of the embryos. A 15-30% reduction was ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/104/1/329?ijkey=d3a0f9daba3c4cf49e3957d3158c50976e738d86&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... crown-rump length (CRL), and embryonal heart rate (HR) dimensions to identify early pregnancy loss. This was a prospective ... Gestational sac (GS), yolk sac (YS), crown-rump length (CRL), and heart rate (HR) are the parameters measured to evaluate early ... Our objective was to prospectively validate the use of gestational sac (GS), yolk sac (YS) diameter, crown-rump length (CRL), ... International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58114-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=5da49058-c29a-43b1-b850-3fab2277a10f

Early crown-rump length. A good predictor of gestational age.. Silva PD, Mahairas G, Schaper AM, Schauberger CW. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Schauberger+C%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

CRL = crown rump length; FL = femur length; HC = head circumference.. Reprinted with permission from Callen.[20] aThese are ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/703501_1

USG: Ultrasonography; CS: Cesarean section; CRL: Crown-rump length; EGA: Estimated gestational age; FKA: Fetal cardiac activity ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/leucovorin

... sexed and the crown-rump length recorded. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture ex vivo and plasma prepared in ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-018-1009-7

CRChief Resident; conditioned reflex; controlled release; crown-rump length. *CRAOcentral retinal artery occlusion ...

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/libraries/miner/resources/abbreviationglossary/

crown-rump length. http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C81242 ... The culmen length measures the lengthwise line from the tip of the beak to the point where the upper mandible emerges from the ... A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m. [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST] ... A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground ...

https://eol.org/terms/glossary/c/http:%2F%2Feol.org%2Fschema%2Fterms%2FCentral_China_loess_plateau_mixed_forests

crown$ adj2 rump$ adj2 length$).tw.. 20. 7. PARIETAL BONE/. 14. 8. (biparietal$ adj1 diamet$).tw.. 18. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0009610/table/nicecg62.search.tu36/?report=objectonly

Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) is recommended over last menstrual period for estimating GA when measured in early pregnancy i.e ... We aim to develop a new gestational age estimation equation based on the crown-rump length (CRL) from women recruited between 9 ... Crown-rump length measurements in relation to gestational age with fitted centiles (Approach 1). Full title: Crown-rump length ... Crown-rump length measurements in relation to gestational age with fitted centiles (Approach 2). Full title: Crown-rump length ...

https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-13-151

Index: IMEMR (Eastern Mediterranean) Main subject: Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Crown-Rump Length / Nomograms / Fetus Limits: ... Index: IMEMR (Eastern Mediterranean) Main subject: Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Crown-Rump Length / Nomograms / Fetus Limits: ... This study was performed to construct an institution specific crown-rump length [CRL] nomogram and to compare its ability to ... Estimation of gestational age according to crown-rump length in nepalese population: a comparison with previously published ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/emr-125383

Ultrasound Abbreviations Figure 3 Success Rate According To Fetal Sex Algorithm Abbreviation Crown Rump Length Ultrasound ... ultrasound abbreviations figure 3 success rate according to fetal sex algorithm abbreviation crown rump length ultrasound ...

http://anadoluegitimkurumlari.com/ultrasound-abbreviations/ultrasound-abbreviations-figure-3-success-rate-according-to-fetal-sex-algorithm-abbreviation-crown-rump-length-ultrasound-abbreviations-hc/

CRL: crown rump length. Measurement of your baby from head to bottom ... Length of pregnancy *EDD: estimated date of delivery or the date your baby is due ... The normal size of a babys head and the length of a babys thigh bone for various weeks of pregnancy (as measured on a scan). ...

https://www.babycentre.co.uk/a544489/understanding-your-maternity-notes

... crown-heel length, ponderal index, head and abdominal circumferences, arm length and circumference, femur length and thigh ... Objective: To estimate the effect of maternal cigarette smoking on birth weight, crown-heel length, and ten other neonatal ... Crown-Rump Length * European Continental Ancestry Group * Female * Humans * Infant, Newborn * Pregnancy ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7898845/?dopt=Abstract

Fetal Size: Length, 11 3/4 inches, crown to rump; total length almost 18 inches. Weight, 3 1/2 pounds. ... Fetal Size: Length, 14 1/2 inches, crown to rump; total length 21 1/2 inches. Weight, around 7 pounds. ... Fetal Size: Length, 12 inches, crown to rump; total length 19 1/2 inches. Weight, 4 1/2 pounds. ... Fetal Size: Length, 13 1/2 inches, crown to rump; total length 20 3/4 inches. Weight, 6 pounds. ...

https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/stages/fetal-development/third-trimester-images-of-your-developing-baby/

The sonographer measures the length of the embryo (the crown-rump length or CRL) to confirm or revise the due date estimated ... Fetal Size: Length, 2.13 inches crown to rump; weight, 0.49 ounces. Fetal Development Milestones: Fingernails and toenails are ... The sonographer has marked the embryos crown-rump length (CRL), which will help to confirm or revise the due date estimated ... The line across the middle of the profile is the sonographers measurement of babys crown-rump length (CRL). With this ...

https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/stages/fetal-development/first-trimester-images-of-your-developing-baby/

Small gestational sac in relation to the size of the embryo (, 5 mm difference between mean sac diameter and crown-rump length) ...

https://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=ser&sub=def&pag=dis&ItemID=105083

Expression levels of each gene relative to the L19 endogenous control gene were correlated to crown-rump length (CRL: mm) using ... n, number of samples; BW, birth weight; PW, placental weight; HC, head circumference; CRL, crown-rump length; NT, not tested. ... crown-rump length; PIP, phosphatidylinositol phosphate lipid; mat del, maternally inherited deletion; pat del, paternally ... IGF1R ratio in CVS tissues significantly correlate with crown-rump length and birthweight, whereas term placenta expression ...

http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/370/1663/20140074

Crown-rump length (CRL) is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to the bottom of the buttocks (rump). (wikipedia.org)
The gestational age of the fetuses was determined by its crown-rump length and from obstetrical history. (thefreedictionary.com)
Crown-Rump Length estimation of Human Fetuses by external surface area of Right Parietal bone. (bvsalud.org)
Fifty apparently normal fetuses ranging from 12 cm -42 cm CR length of both sexes were obtained from the Departmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology , of our native hospital . (bvsalud.org)
Table 1: Comparisons of placental weights, live and dead fetuses number, fetus weights, and fetal resorption and crown-rump lengths among groups (mean [+ or -] SD) Control Vitamin E Placenta weight (g) 0. (thefreedictionary.com)
The crown-rump length measurements of fetuses of women who screened positive were significantly shorter than fetuses of women for whom a negative screen result was obtained. (thefreedictionary.com)

The length of the umbilical cord is approximately equal to the CRL throughout pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
Robinson HP: Sonar measurement of fetal crown-rump length as a means of assessing maturity in first trimester of pregnancy. (thefreedictionary.com)
Pregnancy dating by fetal crown-rump length: a systematic review of charts. (ox.ac.uk)
Since classical study of Streeter reported gestational age estimation from crown-rump length (CRL), numerous investigators have studied and reported various measures of fetal growth during pregnancy such as biparietal diameter, diaphyseal length of long bones and even cephalometric growth analysis . (bvsalud.org)
Our objective was to prospectively validate the use of gestational sac (GS), yolk sac (YS) diameter, crown-rump length (CRL), and embryonal heart rate (HR) dimensions to identify early pregnancy loss. (nature.com)
Gestational sac (GS), yolk sac (YS), crown-rump length (CRL), and heart rate (HR) are the parameters measured to evaluate early pregnancy. (nature.com)
Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) is recommended over last menstrual period for estimating GA when measured in early pregnancy i.e. 9 +0 -13 +6 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) is measured in early pregnancy primarily to determine the gestation age (GA) of a fetus and is most reliable between 9 +0 to 13 +6 weeks' gestation, but not beyond [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, a simple way to "date" an early pregnancy is to add the length of the fetal pole (in mm) to 6 weeks. (babymed.com)
The two stages of ultrasound examination were an assessment of gestational age during early pregnancy followed by measurement of length from crown to rump and area of trunk at between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation. (bmj.com)
Once a pregnancy has been documented, serial examinations are performed and measurements of the fetus, including head circumference, abdomen circumference, and femur length, are used to determine adequacy of growth and development. (healthtap.com)
After day 35-38, they become indistinct, and palpation becomes difficult until late pregnancy when fetal heads and rumps are palpable as firm, nodular structures in the ventral posterior abdomen. (merckvetmanual.com)
Presents a study which evaluated the relationships between the crown-rump length, fetal femur growth parameters and the gestational age during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. (ebscohost.com)
Length measurements for crown-rump accompanied the gain in body mass at the end of pregnancy. (thefreedictionary.com)

the length of an embryo, fetus, or newborn as measured from the crown of the head to the prominence of the buttocks. (thefreedictionary.com)
0 g and was carrying a single embryo that had a crown-rump length of 4 mm. (thefreedictionary.com)
The term crown "crown-rump length" is the measurement of the distance between the top of the embryo and its rump. (babymed.com)
Concern typically develops if there is no fetal heart activity in an embryo with a crown-rump length greater than 5mm. (americanpregnancy.org)
The embryo grows to a length of about 1/100th of an inch (0.2 mm). (scdhec.gov)
The embryo grows to a length of ¼ inch (6 mm). (scdhec.gov)
or an embryo with an absent heart beat and a crown-rump length of less than 6 mm or less than 8 mm. (thefreedictionary.com)
One of the females was carrying a single embryo, with a crown-rump length of 8 mm. (thefreedictionary.com)

Viability was 100% in 38 pregnancies in which fetal heart rates exceeded 100 beats per minute and embryos were determined to be growing appropriately at 5-6 weeks based on crown-rump length on ultrasound, explained Dr. (thefreedictionary.com)
Measurements were obtained by placing the calipers of the ultrasound machine from the crown to the rump. (bvsalud.org)
Ultrasound crown -rump length measurements have an accuracy of +/- 4 days during the 1st trimester between weeks 6-13. (healthtap.com)
In routine ultrasound examinations, the most common measurement is the length of the fetal femur. (springer.com)
Ultrasound measurements of fetal head circumference (HC), femur length (FL) abdominal circumference (AC), and estimated fetal weight (EFW), and corresponding anthropometric measurements at birth were used to derive fetal growth trajectories. (biomedcentral.com)
Second and third trimester fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length were also measured to the nearest millimeter using standard ultrasound procedures. (medpagetoday.com)
Participants 976 women from the original cohort who conceived as the result of assisted reproductive technology, had a first trimester ultrasound measurement of fetal crown-rump length, and delivered live singleton infants without evidence of chromosomal or congenital abnormalities. (bmj.com)

Neonatal anthropometric measurements were obtained within 48 hours of birth, including birth weight, crown-heel length, ponderal index, head and abdominal circumferences, arm length and circumference, femur length and thigh circumference, and triceps, thigh, and subscapular skinfold measurements. (nih.gov)
Femur length measures the longest bone in the body and reflects the longitudinal growth of the fetus. (babymed.com)
Femur length increases from about 1.5 cm at 14 weeks to about 7.8 cm at term. (babymed.com)
see chart ) Similar to the BPD, dating using the femur length should be done as early as possible. (babymed.com)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of crown-rump length (CRL) measurements in scans judged to be of high quality for the measurement of the nuchal translucency. (nih.gov)
High scores of the quality of nuchal translucency measurement do not guarantee accurate measurement of crown-rump length. (nih.gov)
Fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness increases with crown-rump length (CRL). (wiley.com)

The physician can perform on-screen measurements of fetal anatomy, such as crown-rump length, head circumference, and length of the femur, and can then use these measurements to calculate the gestational age. (thefreedictionary.com)
After 13 weeks of gestation, the fetal age may be estimated using the biparietal diameter (the transverse diameter of the head, across the two parietal bones), the head circumference, the length of the femur, the crown-heel length (head to heel), and other fetal parameters. (wikipedia.org)

A parameter usually used in PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY to measure the length of the uterine neck (CERVIX UTERI). (bioportfolio.com)

estudio descriptivo efectuado con el m todo de auditor a de los marcadores ecogr ficos y bioqu micos en embarazos a los que se realizaron pruebas de tamiz prenatal en el primer trimestre, entre las 11+1 y 14+1 semanas, de pacientes embarazadas que acudieron al Laboratorio del Centro M dico para Atenci n Fetal Especializada. (medigraphic.com)

The ossification center in the fibular shaft follows linear functions with respect to its length, proximal transverse diameter, projection surface area and volume, and natural logarithmic functions with respect to its middle and distal transverse diameters. (springer.com)

First-trimester screening in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology: significance of gestational dating by oocyte retrieval or sonographic measurement of crown-rump length. (biomedsearch.com)

Age of the foetuses was calculated from obstetrical history and by measuring the Crown-Rump Length (CRL). (thefreedictionary.com)

Crown-Rump Length (CRL) of embryos was 8,9 mm and 8,8 mm, respectively. (hindawi.com)

Traditionally, first-trimester fetal growth has been documented by two-dimensional (2D) crown-rump length (CRL) measurements. (hindawi.com)
To establish the correlation between the external surface area of right parietal bone and crown-rump length , to predict fetal age from crown-rump length and circulation of growth rate of right parietal bone . (bvsalud.org)
We have found that the expression of paternally expressing insulin-like growth factor 2 ( IGF2 ), its receptor IGF2R , and the IGF2 / IGF1R ratio in CVS tissues significantly correlate with crown-rump length and birthweight, whereas term placenta expression shows no correlation. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
About half of the embryo's length is the head, due to the rapid growth of the brain. (scdhec.gov)
Fetal crown-to-rump length can be used as a first trimester growth outcome. (medpagetoday.com)
This study found that impaired first trimester fetal growth, as measured by fetal crown-to-rump length, was associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile in school-age children. (medpagetoday.com)
Longitudinal growth analyses showed that compared with school-age children without clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, those with clustering had a smaller first trimester fetal crown-to-rump length and lower second and third trimester estimated fetal weight growth, but higher weight growth from the age of 6 months. (medpagetoday.com)

Present study was done in dried fetal skull bones by calculation of their external surface area and estimation of linear correlation with crown-rump length and hence determination of gestational age . (bvsalud.org)
We aim to develop a new gestational age estimation equation based on the crown-rump length (CRL) from women recruited between 9 +0 -13 +6 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)

Baby's crown to rump length is mm. (otem-siberia.ru)

In the present study, CR length was estimated from external surface area of right parietal bone . (bvsalud.org)
A definite correlation was observed between external surface area of right parietal bone and CR length. (bvsalud.org)

We also can make sure the house is in order -- evaluating the placenta and the amniotic fluid quality, even measuring the cervical length. (healthtap.com)

All children included in the study had first trimester fetal crown-to-rump length measurements and all had mothers with a known first day of her last menstrual period and a regular cycle. (medpagetoday.com)
Fetal crown-rump length: reevaluation of relation to menstrual age (5-18 weeks) with high-resolution real-time US. (thefreedictionary.com)

CD-1 male mice, seven to eight weeks old, were supplied by Charles River UK Ltd, Margate, Kent and housed individually on double-sided mobile mouse racks, each having stainless steel cages of internal measurements: length 28.5 cm, width 11 cm and height 7.5 cm and wire mesh floors. (europa.eu)

They categorized first trimester fetal crown-to-rump length by fifths and used various multivariate regression models and linear regression models to examine the association between crown-to-rump length and outcomes at age 6. (medpagetoday.com)

The crown-rump length was measured from the base of the tail to the base of the trunk, and trunk length was measured from the corner of the oral groove to the tip of the trunk. (pnas.org)

The most accurate measurement for dating is the crown-rump length of the fetus, which can be done between 7 and 13 weeks of gestation. (wikipedia.org)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology, whether determination of gestational age (GA) by date of oocyte aspiration (DOA) or crown-rump length (CRL) at first-trimester screening influences the distribution of serum and sonographic markers or the performance of first-trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities. (biomedsearch.com)

There was a significant effect of pesticide dose on both newborn weight (ANCOVA, p = 0,061) and on crown-rump length (ANCOVA, p = 0. (thefreedictionary.com)
To estimate the effect of maternal cigarette smoking on birth weight, crown-heel length, and ten other neonatal anthropometric measurements. (nih.gov)
Length is considered a more accurate criterion of the age of the fetus than is the weight. (bioportfolio.com)
It is reasonable in these circumstances to perform basic measurements (such as weight, crown-heel or crown rump) together with a gross external examination (but no invasive procedure) without parental consent. (edu.au)
Fetal weight, fetal crown-rump length were measured. (thefreedictionary.com)

This study was performed to construct an institution specific crown-rump length [CRL] nomogram and to compare its ability to predict gestational age with previously published nomograms . (bvsalud.org)

Cervical length or its shortening is used to identify and prevent early cervical opening and PRETERM BIRTH. (bioportfolio.com)
The CRL (crown rump length) is a universally recognized term very useful for measuring early pregnancies. (amazonaws.com)

Length of fetal long bones is extremely useful for determining both fetal anatomy and assessing gestational ages. (springer.com)

Specific measures are needed to evaluate and to improve the quality of the measurement of crown-lump length. (nih.gov)

Crown rump length before a gestational age of 9 weeks is extrapolated by assuming a crown rump length of 0 at a gestational age of 2 weeks, corresponding to an embryonic age of 0 weeks. (wikipedia.org)
Crown rump length (CRL) is appropriate to less than 12 weeks. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The study showed for the first time that first trimester fetal crown-to-rump length is associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile in childhood, the researchers wrote in BMJ , published online Jan. 24. (medpagetoday.com)

Anatomy19

Organisms6

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture19

Information Science4

Health Care1

Individual growth patterns in the first trimester: evidence for difference in embryonic and fetal growth rates. (1/203)

The 'Mickey Mouse' sign and the diagnosis of anencephaly in early pregnancy. (2/203)

Biometrical threshold of biparietal diameter for certain fetal sex assignment by ultrasound. (3/203)

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and infant ponderal index at birth in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, 1991-1992. (4/203)

Relationship between fetal femur diaphysis length and neonatal crown-heel length: the effect of race. (5/203)

Gestational age in pregnancies conceived after in vitro fertilization: a comparison between age assessed from oocyte retrieval, crown-rump length and biparietal diameter. (6/203)

Alobar holoprosencephaly at 9 weeks gestational age visualized by two- and three-dimensional ultrasound. (7/203)

The prenatal cranial base complex and hand in Turner syndrome. (8/203)

Crowns

Tooth Crown

Crown Ethers

Meat

Cattle

Body Composition

Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic

Crown Lengthening

Dental Prosthesis Design

Breeding

Adipose Tissue

Plant Tumors

Animal Feed

Dental Porcelain

Dental Veneers

Metal Ceramic Alloys

Length of Stay

Dental Prosthesis Retention

Molar

Pregnancy

Computer-Aided Design

Zirconium

Incisor

Dental Restoration Failure

Post and Core Technique

Odontometry

Dental Casting Technique

Dental Alloys

Bicuspid

Tooth Root

Dental Stress Analysis

Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Zinc Phosphate Cement

Ceramics

Tooth, Nonvital

Paleodontology

Dental Abutments

Tooth Fractures

Dental Restoration Wear

Dental Cements

Denture, Partial

Tooth, Deciduous

Cuspid

Materials Testing

Dental Marginal Adaptation

Tooth

Cementation

Composite Resins

Fossils

Dental Materials

Resin Cements

Dental Enamel

Yttrium

Surface Properties

Polycarboxylate Cement

Aluminum Oxide

Dental Casting Investment

Prosthodontics

Stainless Steel

Maxilla

Root Canal Therapy

Denture, Partial, Temporary

Denture Design

Gold Alloys

Tooth Cervix

Periodontal Prosthesis

Rhizobium

Chromium Alloys

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Denture, Partial, Fixed

Dental Restoration, Permanent

Molecular Sequence Data

Tooth Discoloration

Bite Force

Mandible

Tooth Preparation

Dental Enamel Hypoplasia

Tooth Attrition

Trees

Crown Compounds