AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
CrotalusCrotalid VenomsCrotoxinSnakesSnake VenomsReptilian ProteinsSnake BitesAntiveninsViperidaePhospholipases A2PhospholipasesL-Amino Acid OxidaseBothropsVenomsDisintegrinsPhospholipases A
Crotalus: A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE, one of the pit vipers, so-called from the pit hollowing out the maxillary bone, opening between the eye and the nostril. They are distinctively American serpents. Most of the 25 recognized species are found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Several species are found as far north as Canada and east of the Mississippi, including southern Appalachia. They are named for the jointed rattle (Greek krotalon) at the tip of their tail. (Goin, Goin, and Zug: Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed; Moore: Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p335)Crotalid Venoms: Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.Crotoxin: A specific complex of toxic proteins from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake). It can be separated into a phospholipase A and crotapotin fragment; the latter consists of three different amino acid chains, potentiates the enzyme, and is specifically neurotoxic.Snakes: Limbless REPTILES of the suborder Serpentes.Snake Venoms: Solutions or mixtures of toxic and nontoxic substances elaborated by snake (Ophidia) salivary glands for the purpose of killing prey or disabling predators and delivered by grooved or hollow fangs. They usually contain enzymes, toxins, and other factors.Reptilian Proteins: Proteins obtained from species of REPTILES.Snake Bites: Bites by snakes. Bite by a venomous snake is characterized by stinging pain at the wound puncture. The venom injected at the site of the bite is capable of producing a deleterious effect on the blood or on the nervous system. (Webster's 3d ed; from Dorland, 27th ed, at snake, venomous)Antivenins: Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.Viperidae: A family of snakes comprising three subfamilies: Azemiopinae (the mountain viper, the sole member of this subfamily), Viperinae (true vipers), and Crotalinae (pit vipers). They are widespread throughout the world, being found in the United States, Central and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Their venoms act on the blood (hemotoxic) as compared to the venom of elapids which act on the nervous system (neurotoxic). (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp333-36)Phospholipases A2: Phospholipases that hydrolyze the acyl group attached to the 2-position of PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES.Phospholipases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.L-Amino Acid Oxidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to KETO ACIDS with the generation of AMMONIA and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. L-amino acid oxidase is widely distributed in and is thought to contribute to the toxicity of SNAKE VENOMS.Bothrops: A genus of poisonous snakes of the VIPERIDAE family. About 50 species are known and all are found in tropical America and southern South America. Bothrops atrox is the fer-de-lance and B. jararaca is the jararaca. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p336)Venoms: Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator.Disintegrins: A family of polypeptides purified from snake venoms, which contain the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. The RGD tripeptide binds to integrin receptors and thus competitively inhibits normal integrin-ligand interactions. Disintegrins thus block adhesive functions and act as platelet aggregation inhibitors.Phospholipases A: Phospholipases that hydrolyze one of the acyl groups of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates.

Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and tyrosine-phosphatase activation positively modulate Convulxin-induced platelet activation. Comparison with collagen. (1/124)

In this report we have studied the role of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K) and tyrosine phosphatase activation on platelet activation by Convulxin (Cvx). Wortmannin, a specific PI3-K inhibitor, and phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase), block Cvx-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion, inositol phosphate production, and increase in [Ca2+]i. However, PAO does not inhibit Cvx-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins, including Syk and PLCgamma2, but blocked collagen-induced platelet aggregation as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma2. In contrast, Cvx-induced PLCgamma2 tyrosyl phosphorylation was partially inhibited by wortmannin. We conclude that (i) although Cvx and collagen activate platelets by a similar mechanism, different regulatory processes are specific to each agonist; (ii) mechanisms other than tyrosine phosphorylation regulate PLCgamma2 activity; and (iii) besides protein tyrosine kinases, PI3-K (and PTPase) positively modulate platelet activation by both Cvx and collagen, and this enzyme is required for effective transmission of GPVI-Fc receptor gamma chain signal to result in full activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma2 in Cvx-stimulated platelets.  (+info)

Combining phage display and molecular modeling to map the epitope of a neutralizing antitoxin antibody. (2/124)

Crotoxin is a potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. It is composed of the noncovalent and synergistic association of a weakly toxic phospholipase A2, CB, and a nontoxic three-chain subunit, CA, which increases the lethal potency of CB. The A-56.36 mAb is able to dissociate the crotoxin complex by binding to the CA subunit, thereby neutralizing its toxicity. Because A-56.36 and CB show sequence homology and both compete for binding to CA, we postulated that A-56.36 and CB had overlapping binding sites on CA. By screening random phage-displayed libraries with the mAb, phagotopes bearing the (D/S)GY(A/G) or AAXI consensus motifs were selected. They all bound A-56.36 in ELISA and competed with CA for mAb binding, although with different reactivities. When mice were immunized with the selected clones, polyclonal sera reacting with CA were induced. Interestingly, the raised antibodies retained the crotoxin-dissociating effect of A-56.36, suggesting that the selected peptides may be used to produce neutralizing antibodies. By combining these data with the molecular modeling of CA, it appeared that the functional epitope of A-56.36 on CA was conformational, one subregion being discontinuous and corresponding to the first family of peptides, the other subregion being continuous and composed of amino acids of the second family. Phage-displayed peptides corresponding to fragments of the two identified regions on CA reacted with A-56.36 and with CB. Our data support the hypothesis that A-56.36 and CB interact with common regions of CA, and highlight residues which are likely to be critical for CA-CB complex formation.  (+info)

Interaction of the neurotoxic and nontoxic secretory phospholipases A2 with the crotoxin inhibitor from Crotalus serum. (3/124)

Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes possess a protein in their blood, named crotoxin inhibitor from Crotalus serum (CICS), which protects them against crotoxin, the main toxin of their venom. CICS neutralizes the lethal potency of crotoxin and inhibits its phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the specificity of CICS towards snake venom neurotoxic PLA2s (beta-neurotoxins) and nontoxic mammalian PLA2s. This investigation shows that CICS does not affect the enzymatic activity of pancreatic and nonpancreatic PLA2s, bee venom PLA2 and Elapidae beta-neurotoxins but strongly inhibits the PLA2 activity of Viperidae beta-neurotoxins. Surface plasmon resonance and PAGE studies further demonstrated that CICS makes complexes with monomeric and multimeric Viperidae beta-neurotoxins but does not interact with nontoxic PLA2s. In the case of dimeric beta-neurotoxins from Viperidae venoms (crotoxin, Mojave toxin and CbICbII), which are made by the noncovalent association of a PLA2 with a nonenzymatic subunit, CICS does not react with the noncatalytic subunit, instead it binds tightly to the PLA2 subunit and induces the dissociation of the heterocomplex. In vitro assays performed with Torpedo synaptosomes showed a protective action of CICS against Viperidae beta-neurotoxins but not against other PLA2 neurotoxins, on primary and evoked liberation of acetylcholine. In conclusion, CICS is a specific PLA2 inhibitor of the beta-neurotoxins from the Viperidae family.  (+info)

The disulfide bond pattern of catrocollastatin C, a disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich protein isolated from Crotalus atrox venom. (4/124)

The disulfide bond pattern of catrocollastatin-C was determined by N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry. The N-terminal disintegrin-like domain is a compact structure including eight disulfide bonds, seven of them in the same pattern as the disintegrin bitistatin. The protein has two extra cysteine residues (XIII and XVI) that form an additional disulfide bond that is characteristically found in the disintegrin-like domains of cellular metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and PIII snake venom Zn-metalloproteinases (SVMPs). The C-terminal cysteine-rich domain of catrocollastatin-C contains five disulfide bonds between nearest-neighbor cysteines and a long range disulfide bridge between CysV and CysX. These results provide structural evidence for a redefinition of the disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domain boundaries. An evolutionary pathway for ADAMs, PIII, and PII SVMPs based on disulfide bond engineering is also proposed.  (+info)

Shaking up glycolysis: Sustained, high lactate flux during aerobic rattling. (5/124)

Substantial ATP supply by glycolysis is thought to reflect cellular anoxia in vertebrate muscle. An alternative hypothesis is that the lactate generated during contraction reflects sustained glycolytic ATP supply under well-oxygenated conditions. We distinguished these hypotheses by comparing intracellular glycolysis during anoxia to lactate efflux from muscle during sustained, aerobic contractions. We examined the tailshaker muscle of the rattlesnake because of its uniform cell properties, exclusive blood circulation, and ability to sustain rattling for prolonged periods. Here we show that glycolysis is independent of the O(2) level and supplies one-third of the high ATP demands of sustained tailshaking. Fatigue is avoided by rapid H(+) and lactate efflux resulting from blood flow rates that are among the highest reported for vertebrate muscle. These results reject the hypothesis that glycolysis necessarily reflects cellular anoxia. Instead, they demonstrate that glycolysis can provide a high and sustainable supply of ATP along with oxidative phosphorylation without muscle fatigue.  (+info)

A comparison of RAPD versus microsatellite DNA markers in population studies of the massasauga rattlesnake. (6/124)

We compared genetic differentiation among populations of the threatened massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus c. catenatus) using two types of nuclear molecular markers: randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and microsatellites. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) and G(ST) and F(ST) analyses indicated that levels of among-population differentiation between regional populations (>100 km) were comparable for both markers. However, microsatellites were superior in population assignment tests and at discerning fine-scale genetic differentiation between subpopulations separated by tens of kilometers. These results argue that both types of markers are suitable for defining broad-scale genetic structures in snake populations and can provide important inputs into conservation initiatives of focal taxa. However, our analyses suggest that microsatellites 3re better for detecting structure at limited spatial scales.  (+info)

Insights into population ecology and sexual selection in snakes through the application of DNA-based genetic markers. (7/124)

Hypervariable genetic markers have revolutionized studies of kinship, behavioral ecology, and population biology in vertebrate groups such as birds, but their use in snakes remains limited. To illustrate the value of such markers in snakes, we review studies that have used microsatellite DNA loci to analyze local population differentiation and parentage in snakes. Four ecologically distinct species of snakes all show evidence for differentiation at small spatial scales (2-15 km), but with substantial differences among species. This result highlights how genetic analysis can reveal hidden aspects of the natural history of difficult-to-observe taxa, and it raises important questions about the ecological factors that may contribute to restricted gene flow. A 3-year study of genetic parentage in marked populations of the northern water snake showed that (1) participation in mating aggregations was a poor predictor of genetic-based measures of reproductive success; (2) multiple paternity was high, yet there was no detectable fitness advantage to multiple mating by females; and (3) the opportunity for selection was far higher in males than in females due to a larger variance in male reproductive success, and yet this resulted in no detectable selection on morphological variation in males. Thus genetic markers have provided accurate measures of individual reproductive success in this species, an important step toward resolving the adaptive significance of key features including multiple paternity and reversed sexual size dimorphism. Overall these studies illustrate how genetic analyses of snakes provide previously unobtainable information of long-standing interest to behavioral ecologists.  (+info)

Purification and characterisation of a haemorrhagic fraction from the venom of the Uracoan rattlesnake Crotalus vegrandis. (8/124)

Uracoan rattlesnake (Crotalus vegrandis) venom was subjected to chromatographic, electrophoretic, biochemical and in vivo haemorrhagic analysis. A haemorrhagic toxin (Uracoina-1) active on skin at the site of inoculation in mice was purified by Mono Q2 anion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion (SE) high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified preparation was a protein of M(r) 58,000 as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denatured conditions and with silver staining. The use of EDTA, EGTA and 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited haemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. Inhibitors of serine proteinases such as PMSF and TCLK had no effect on the haemorrhagic fraction. Uracoina-1 hydrolyses casein, hide powder azure and fibrinogen have an optimal pH of 8.2. It rapidly digests the A alpha-chain of fibrinogen. Thermal denaturation of Uracoina-1 after exposure at 60 degrees C for 15 min led to inactivation of the haemorrhagic activity. In addition, Uracoina-1 is myotoxic, lacking haemolytic, defibrinating and lethal effects. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (20 residues) was determined.  (+info)

Western diamondback rattlesnake - definition of Western diamondback rattlesnake by The Free DictionaryWestern diamondback rattlesnake - definition of Western diamondback rattlesnake by The Free Dictionary
Define Western diamondback rattlesnake. Western diamondback rattlesnake synonyms, Western diamondback rattlesnake pronunciation, Western diamondback rattlesnake translation, English dictionary definition of Western diamondback rattlesnake. Noun 1. Western diamondback rattlesnake - largest and most dangerous North American snake; of southwestern United States and Mexico Crotalus atrox, Western...
Eastern diamondback rattlesnake - WikipediaEastern diamondback rattlesnake - Wikipedia
The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is the largest rattlesnake species and is one of the heaviest known species of venomous snake, with one specimen shot in 1946 measuring 7.8 ft (2.4 m) in length and weighing 15.4 kg (34 lb). However, other venomous snakes may rival this species in weight. The much longer but more slender king cobra is probably greater in average body mass if not maximum weight, and the shorter but even bulkier Gaboon viper could (but is not verified to) exceed the eastern diamondback rattlesnake in both mean adult body mass and possibly even maximum body mass.[6][7][8] Maximum reported lengths for the eastern diamondback rattlesnake are 8 ft (2.4 m)[9] and 8.25 ft (2.5 m).[10][11] However, the stated maximum sizes have been called into question due to a lack of voucher specimens.[12][13] Males are larger than females. Specimens over 7 ft (2.1 m) are rare, but well documented. Klauber (1998) included a letter he received from E. Ross Allen in 1953, in which Allen explains how ...
NORDIC-MUBIO - REPRESENTADAS : 1 mg, Basal cell Cytokein, actin Alpha-cardiac, Crotalus durissus terrificus venom Phospholipase...NORDIC-MUBIO - REPRESENTADAS : 1 mg, Basal cell Cytokein, actin Alpha-cardiac, Crotalus durissus terrificus venom Phospholipase...
1 mg, Basal cell Cytokein, actin Alpha-cardiac, Crotalus durissus terrificus venom Phospholipase A2, Micrococcus luteus Polynucleotide phosphorylase, Saccharomyces 6-Phosphogluconic dehydrogenase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
NORDIC-MUBIO - REPRESENTADAS : 1 mg, Basal cell Cytokein, actin Alpha-cardiac, Crotalus durissus terrificus venom Phospholipase...NORDIC-MUBIO - REPRESENTADAS : 1 mg, Basal cell Cytokein, actin Alpha-cardiac, Crotalus durissus terrificus venom Phospholipase...
1 mg, Basal cell Cytokein, actin Alpha-cardiac, Crotalus durissus terrificus venom Phospholipase A2 and Saccharomyces 6-Phosphogluconic dehydrogenase
Perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro | Portal...Perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro | Portal...
As serpentes peçonhentas dos gêneros Bothrops e Crotalus têm sido mantidas em cativeiro visando à extração de venenos para a produção de imunobiológicos. O conhecimento da fisiologia desses animais e as alterações na concentração de proteínas e suas frações séricas são importantes para a identificação precoce de importantes enfermidades que cursam com estados de hipoproteinemia e hiperproteinemia. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a concentração de proteína total e o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue da veia coccígea ventral de 21 serpentes adultas e sadias, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 de 12 machos com peso médio de 588,89±193,55g, e Grupo 2 de nove fêmeas com peso médio de 708,33±194,04g. A proteína total sérica foi determinada pelo método de refratometria e a eletroforese em gel de agarose. Obtiveram-se valores da proteína total ...
Permalien vers Molecular structure and mechanism of action of the crotoxin inhibitor from Crotalus durissus terrificus serum.Permalien vers Molecular structure and mechanism of action of the crotoxin inhibitor from Crotalus durissus terrificus serum.
An antivenom protein has been identified in the blood of the snake Crotalus durissus terrificus and proved to act by specifically neutralizing crotoxin, the
Role of crotoxin, a phospholipase A2 isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, on inflammatory and immune...Role of crotoxin, a phospholipase A2 isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, on inflammatory and immune...
Academic Journals Database is a universal index of periodical literature covering basic research from all fields of knowledge, and is particularly strong in medical research, humanities and social sciences. Full-text from most of the articles is available. Academic Journals Database contains complete bibliographic citations, precise indexing, and informative abstracts for papers from a wide range of periodicals.
Acervo Digital: Purification, characterization, crystallization and theoretical molecular modeling of gyroxin fraction from...Acervo Digital: Purification, characterization, crystallization and theoretical molecular modeling of gyroxin fraction from...
The venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes presents various substances, including a serine protease with thrombin-like activity, called gyroxin, that clots plasmatic fibrinogen and promote the fibrin formation. The aim of this study was to purify and structurally characterize the gyroxin enzyme from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. For isolation and purification, the following methods were employed: gel filtration on Sephadex G75 column and affinity chromatography on benzamidine Sepharose 6B; 12% SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions; N-terminal sequence analysis; cDNA cloning and expression through RT-PCR and crystallization tests. Theoretical molecular modeling was performed using bioinformatics tools based on comparative analysis of other serine proteases deposited in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database. Protein N-terminal sequencing produced a single chain with a molecular mass of similar to 30 kDa while its full-length cDNA had 714 bp which encoded a ...
Crotoxin Isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificu... - BV FAPESPCrotoxin Isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificu... - BV FAPESP
FREITAS, A. P.... Crotoxin Isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom Modulates the Functional Activity of Dendritic Cells via Formyl Peptide Receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH n. p. 2018. Journal article.
Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake - Zoo AtlantaEastern Diamondback Rattlesnake - Zoo Atlanta
These snakes may reach ages beyond 20 years of age. Unlike most snakes, the males are larger than the females. This may be a result of selection for large males that will win the arduous male-male, non-lethal wrestling contests that allow the winner to breed with a nearby female.. Females will produce a clutch of up to around 20 live-born babies that are especially large in size. The myth that baby diamondback rattlesnakes hide underground, and grow for a few years before surfacing, likely comes from the fact that few people realize that an 18-inch rattlesnake is actually a newborn. Like all other rattlesnakes yet studied, the female will stay with her young and protect them until their first shed cycle, at which time they will disperse on their own.. ...
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Isolation And Preliminary Enzymatic Characterization Of A Novel...Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Isolation And Preliminary Enzymatic Characterization Of A Novel...
A crotoxin homolog was purified from the Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom using molecular exclusion and reverse-phase HPLC. This crotoxin contained one PLA2 (Cdcolli III F6) and four crotapotin isoforms, whereas crotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom had three PLA2 isoforms and two crotapotin isoforms. SDS-PAGE showed that the C. d. collilineatus PLA2 and crotapotin had relative molecular mass of 15 and 9 kDa, respectively. Neither the PLA2 (Cdcolli III F6) nor the crotapotins (Cdcolli III F3 and F4) had any neurotoxicity in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations when tested alone. However, when PLA2 and crotapotin were coincubated before testing, the neurotoxicity was restored to a level similar to test in the venom in native crotoxin. The two crotapotins (Cdcolli III F3 and F4) differed in their ability to inhibit PLA2 activity, perhaps because of variations in their affinities for this enzyme. Cdcolli III F6 showed allosteric enzymatic behavior, with maximal activity at pH ...
Species at Risk Public Registry - Recovery Strategy for the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in Canada - 2010Species at Risk Public Registry - Recovery Strategy for the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in Canada - 2010
The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) was designated Extirpated by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) in 2001 and was officially listed under the Species at Risk Act (SARA) in June 2003. SARA (Section 37) requires the competent Minister to prepare a recovery strategy for all listed extirpated, endangered, or threatened species. The Canadian Wildlife Service - Ontario, Environment Canada, led the development of this recovery strategy, and it was developed in cooperation with the Government of Ontario. All responsible jurisdictions reviewed and acknowledged receipt of this strategy. The strategy meets SARA requirements in terms of content and process (Sections 39-41).
RCSB PDB - 1Z99: Solution structure of Crotamine, a myotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificusRCSB PDB - 1Z99: Solution structure of Crotamine, a myotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
Los anticuerpos IgG de conejos anti-fosfolipasa A2 de Crotalus durissus terrificus neutralizan la actividad letal del venenoLos anticuerpos IgG de conejos anti-fosfolipasa A2 de Crotalus durissus terrificus neutralizan la actividad letal del veneno
The plates were washed three times with PBS/Tween and used immediately for ELISA. To measure the serum titers, 100 ml of serial dilutions of serum (ACS or rabbit anti-sera; 80 mg.ml-1 of initial protein concentration which is used in antivenom therapy routine) were added to the plates and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C. The plates were then washed and incubated for 1 h with 100 µl of a goat anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate (Sigma, 1:10.000 in PBS), followed by further washing. The substrate solution for the peroxidase assay (H2O2/OPD) was added and the enzymatic reaction allowed proceeding for 15 min at room temperature in the dark. The reaction was stopped with 50 µl of H2SO4 3N and the absorbance was read at 492 nm with a SpectraMax 340 multi-well plate reader.. Immunoblotting. Antigen (PLA2) and whole venom (1 mg.ml-1) were separated on 12.5% in SDS-PAGE at 200 V for 45 min and the proteins then transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose membranes (0.45 mm) in a transfer tank at 300 ...
Molecular cloning and expression of catrocollastatin, a snake-venom protein from Crotalus atrox (western diamondback...Molecular cloning and expression of catrocollastatin, a snake-venom protein from Crotalus atrox (western diamondback...
A 50 kDa protein that inhibits platelet adhesion to collagen has been isolated from snake venom of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) and has been named catrocollastatin. The cDNA cloning of catrocollastatin has been accomplished. A full-length cDNA of 2310 bp with an open reading frame between nucleotides 51 and 1880 was obtained. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 609 amino acids. The cDNA-predicted amino acid sequence is highly similar to that of haemorrhagic metalloproteinase jararhagin from Bothrops jararaca venom, HR1B from Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Ht-e from C. atrox and trigramin from T. gramineus. Like jararhagin and HR1B, catrocollastatin is a multidomain molecule composed of an N-terminal domain, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain and a cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. In the disintegrin-like domain, the frequently seen RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence is replaced by SECD (Ser-Glu-Cys-Asp). This cDNA was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (fall ...
Chromatographic separation of phospholipase a from a histamine releasing component of brazilian rattlesnake venom ( Crotalus...Chromatographic separation of phospholipase a from a histamine releasing component of brazilian rattlesnake venom ( Crotalus...
Die chromatographische Auftrennung von Klapperschlangen- (Crotalus durissus terrificus) Gift ermöglicht, den Unterschied zwischen Phospholipase A und
King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard - Rattlesnake Lyrics | Genius LyricsKing Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard - Rattlesnake Lyrics | Genius Lyrics
Rattlesnake Lyrics: Rattlesnake, rattlesnake / Rattlesnake, rattles me / Rattlesnake, rattlesnake / Rattlesnake, rattles me / Rattlesnake, rattlesnake / Rattlesnake, rattles me / Rattlesnake
THE COAGULATION OF BLOOD BY SNAKE VENOMS AND ITS PHYSIOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE | JEMTHE COAGULATION OF BLOOD BY SNAKE VENOMS AND ITS PHYSIOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE | JEM
Nine of the 17 venoms here tested were found capable of coagulating citrated blood or plasma. As has been believed by most workers in the field, 7 of these 9 coagulant venoms convert fibrinogen to an insoluble modification resembling fibrin (Bothrops atrox, Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops nummifera, Crotalus adamanteus, Crotalus horridus, Crotalus terrificus basiliscus, Crotalus terrificus terrificus). The optimum pH for this coagulation was determined for 3 of these, and was found in each case to be approximately pH 6.5, the same as that for the action of thrombin on fibrinogen. Unlike thrombin, however, the fibrinogen-coagulating activity of the venoms was unaffected by the antithrombin elaborated in the course of anaphylactic shock.. In addition to coagulating fibrinogen directly, 3 of these venoms (Bothrops atrox, Bothrops jararaca, and to a less extent, Crotalus terrificus basiliscus) acted on prothrombin to convert it to thrombin, without the necessary intervention of either calcium or ...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Modulation of the Pharmacological Activities of Secretory Phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus...Molecules | Free Full-Text | Modulation of the Pharmacological Activities of Secretory Phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus...
In this work we have characterized the action of the naringin, a flavonoid found in grapefruit and known for its various pharmacological effects, which include antioxidant blood lipid lowering and anticancer activity, on the structure and biochemical activities of a secretory phospholipase A (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus cascavella, an important protein involved in the releasinge of arachidonic acid in phospholipid membranes. sPLA2 was incubated with naringin (mol:mol) at 37 °C and a discrete reduction in the UV scanning signal and a modification of the circular dichroism spectra were observed after treatment with naringin, suggesting modifications of the secondary structure of the protein. This flavonoid was able to decrease enzymatic activity and some pharmacological effects, such as myonecrosis, platelet aggregation, and neurotoxic activity caused by sPLA2, however, the inflammatory effect was not affected by naringin. In addition, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data were collected for sPLA2
Crotalus Horridus - James Tyler Kent - HomeopathyBooks.inCrotalus Horridus - James Tyler Kent - HomeopathyBooks.in
James Tyler Kent describes the symptoms of the homeopathic medicine Crotalus Horridus in great detail and compares it with other homeopathy remedies. ...
Mottled Rock Rattlesnake - definition of Mottled Rock Rattlesnake by The Free DictionaryMottled Rock Rattlesnake - definition of Mottled Rock Rattlesnake by The Free Dictionary
Define Mottled Rock Rattlesnake. Mottled Rock Rattlesnake synonyms, Mottled Rock Rattlesnake pronunciation, Mottled Rock Rattlesnake translation, English dictionary definition of Mottled Rock Rattlesnake. Noun 1. Crotalus lepidus - mountain rock dweller of Mexico and most southern parts of United States southwest rock rattlesnake rattler, rattlesnake - pit...
Timber Rattlesnakes Help Keep Lyme Disease in CheckTimber Rattlesnakes Help Keep Lyme Disease in Check
Researchers suggest that timber rattlesnake, whose scientific name is Crotalus horridus, plays an important role in keeping Lyme disease in check.
ATSU - Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine - Faculty and Staff - Faculty - Clinical SciencesATSU - Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine - Faculty and Staff - Faculty - Clinical Sciences
Cohorts. Am J Sports Med. 2012 Nov;40(11):2648-2652. PubMed. Gowd KH, Blais KD [student], Elmslie KS, Steiner AM, Olivera BM, Bulaj G. Dissecting a role of evolutionary-conserved but noncritical disulfide bridges in cysteine-rich peptides using ω-conotoxin GVIA and its selenocysteine analogs. Biopolymers. 2012;98(3):212-23. doi: 10.1002/bip.22047. PubMed. Fry BG, Casewell NR, Wüster W, Vidal N, Young B, Jackson TN. The structural and functional diversification of the Toxicofera reptile venom system. Toxicon. 2012 Sep 15;60(4):434-48. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.02.013. Epub 2012 Mar 14. PubMed. Kohl T, Colayori SE, Westhoff G, Bakken GS, Young BA. Directional sensitivity in the thermal response of the facial pit in western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox). J Exp Biol. 2012 Aug 1;215(Pt 15):2630-6. doi:10.1242/jeb.065896. PubMed. Kondrashov PE, Agadjanian AK. A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis. J Vert Paleontol ...
STARVING SNAKES | Journal of Experimental BiologySTARVING SNAKES | Journal of Experimental Biology
All animals face the risk of periods of food deprivation, which can lead to starvation and ultimately death. Most animals, especially mammals, are not well adapted to withstand food deprivation and extended periods of starvation. But some animals, such as penguins and ground squirrels, have developed strategies that enable them to survive multiple months without food. Snakes, however, are in a league of their own in their ability to deal with food limitation and can endure multiple years of starvation. Although this has been known for a long time, very little is known about the underlying biological mechanisms. To investigate this stunning phenomenon, Marshall D. McCue from the University of Arkansas, USA, examined changes in physiology, morphology and body composition in response to 168 days of starvation in three species of snakes: the ball python (Python regius), the ratsnake (Elaphe obsolete) and the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox).. It is not a simple task to define when ...
Rare rattlesnake bite in southeastern Minnesota lands Mounds View hiker in hospitalRare rattlesnake bite in southeastern Minnesota lands Mounds View hiker in hospital
A hiker remained hospitalized Tuesday after receiving a rare rattlesnake bite while he was hiking in southeastern Minnesota, officials said. The 28-year-old Mounds View man was in fair condition Tuesday at Gundersen Lutheran Health System in La Crosse, Wis., where he was taken by ambulance Friday after being bitten by a timber rattlesnake in Beaver Creek Valley State Park near Caledonia, known habitat for the venomous snake. The man, who declined to be interviewed, was recovering from what appears to be an extremely rare event: a timber rattlesnake striking out at a human without provocation. "Nobody knows what provoked the strike," said Ed Quinn, a wildlife biologist and coordinator of natural resource management for parks and trails with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. "Its just really rare for this to happen." The last known time a timber rattler bit a person in Minnesota was 2000; the last time one bit without provocation was 1996. The last known fatality in Minnesota from a ...
Douglas Peter Whiteside | University of Calgary ContactsDouglas Peter Whiteside | University of Calgary Contacts
Jørgensen, D., C.C. Gates, and D.P. Whiteside. (2008). A Review of Radio-Telemetry Research on the Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) and select subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). In Hayes, W.K., K.R. Beaman, M.D. Cardwell, and S.P. Bush (Eds.). The Biology of Rattlesnakes, Loma Linda University Press, Loma Linda, California. Pp 303-316 ...
National Chiao Tung University Institutional Repository：Inhibitory effects on phospholipase A2 and antivenin activity of...National Chiao Tung University Institutional Repository：Inhibitory effects on phospholipase A2 and antivenin activity of...
Antivenin activity of melanin extracted from black tea (MEBT) was reported for the first time. The antagonistic effect of MEBT was evaluated for Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus (broadbanded copperhead), Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii (Japanese mamushi), and Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) snake venoms administered i.p. to ICR mice. MEBT was injected i.p. immediately after the venom administration in dose of 3 mg per mouse in the same place of venom injection. MEBT demonstrated neutralization effect against all venoms tested. The greatest antivenin effect of MEBT was found against Japanese mamushi snake venom. In this case, half the mice died within 2.5 +/- 0.7 h after injection of 0.9 mg/kg of venom. An immediate injection of MEBT substantially reduced the toxic effect of venom and extended time at the 50% level of survival up to 52.3 +/- 2.3 h. The antivenin activity of MEBT is due to chelating of Ca++ and non-specific binding of phospholipase A2. The inhibitory effe
Check Out the Size of These Rattlesnakes Caught North of Lawton, Oklahoma [PHOTOS]Check Out the Size of These Rattlesnakes Caught North of Lawton, Oklahoma [PHOTOS]
After being crammed in a community den all winter, the western diamondback rattlesnakes of Texoma are emerging sexually driven, hungry, active -- and HUGE!
UA doctors drug could buy time between rattlesnake bite and anti-venom treatment | Kingman Daily Miner | Kingman, AZUA doctor's drug could buy time between rattlesnake bite and anti-venom treatment | Kingman Daily Miner | Kingman, AZ
TUCSON - As soon as a rattlesnake sinks its fangs into a victim, the venom starts traveling through the bloodstream. Within seconds, people can experience pain, swelling, bleeding and trouble breathing.. Its a race against time to get to a hospital, the only place that readily offers anti-venom. The longer it takes to get treatment, the higher the odds of long-term injury or death.. One University of Arizona doctor hopes to buy people more time before they get to the hospital.. Professor Vance Nielsen, the vice chair for research in the Department of Anesthesiology at the College of Medicine - Tucson, said his research could help stall the spread of rattlesnake venom through the body.. Nielsen is researching the potential of injecting a combination of carbon monoxide and iron in a rattlesnake bite area to slow the spread of venom. So far, he has made progress in rabbits, buying about an hour of time.. The idea is not to replace anti-venom, but extend the time patients have until they can get to ...
Green Mojave Rattlesnake In Washington StateGreen Mojave Rattlesnake In Washington State
They are commonly found in rock and debris piles, animal burrows and crevices. They will seek out roads, open sandy areas and rocks to sun themselves during cooler temperatures.. They are more active in spring and summer. But it is important to remember you can encounter rattlesnakes anytime and anywhere. Rattlesnakes prey on mice and other small rodents. They dont lay eggs, but rather give live birth to young snakes about 9 to 12 inches long.. Like other snakes, mammals and birds, rattlesnakes fill an important place in the ecosystem by preying on rodents and keeping their populations in balance. When the rattlesnake is found in a backyard, this ecological role may not seem so apparent or important.. Other snakes such as the gopher snake, red racer and king snake are common on Edwards. Many people kill gopher snakes confusing their tan coloration and indistinct black markings for a rattlesnake.. Gopher snakes, red racers and other snakes often hiss and shake their tails imitating the motion ...
The amino acid sequence of the acidic subunit B-chain of crotoxinThe amino acid sequence of the acidic subunit B-chain of crotoxin
The B-chain of the acidic subunit of crotoxin proved refractory to Edman degradation. When subjected to sequence analysis using tandem mass spectrometry, pyroglutamate was found at the amino-terminal end, even though earlier attempts to de-block with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase were unsuccessful. The B-chain contained 35 amino acids and showed 91% amino acid identity with the corresponding segment from Mojave toxin, a homologous neurotoxin from Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus. The sequence of the last 24 residues of the B-chain is consistent with that previously published (Aird, S.D., Kaiser, I.I., Lewis, R.V. and Kruggel, W.G. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 7054-7058), except at position 20, where Edman degradation gave glycine and mass spectrometry gave glutamic acid ...
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Estudos estruturais e funcionais de uma fosfolipase A2 homóloga...Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Estudos estruturais e funcionais de uma fosfolipase A2 homóloga...
Resumo: Venenos de serpentes constituem uma rica fonte de moléculas biologicamente ativas capazes de atuar em alvos celulares específicos e modular uma distinta variedade de funções fisiológicas. Fosfolipases A2 homólogas Lys49 são abundantes proteínas presentes nessas complexas secreções, que embora cataliticamente inativas, desempenham uma ampla gama de atividades, tais como: miotoxicidade, citotoxicidade, atividade antibacteriana, antifúngica, entre outras. O veneno de Crotalus oreganus abyssus não tem sido muito estudado, portanto, a caracterização de seus componentes representa uma ferramenta biotecnológica valiosa para o estudo dos eventos fisiopatológicos do envenenamento e para uma melhor compreensão de seus efeitos biológicos. No presente trabalho, uma fosfolipase A2 homóloga Lys49, denominada CoaTx-II, do veneno de Crotalus oreganus abyssus foi purificada e caracterizada estrutural e farmacologicamente. CoaTx-II foi isolada com elevado grau de pureza através da ...
Crotalus oreganus | The Reptile DatabaseCrotalus oreganus | The Reptile Database
Taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species, such as turtles, snakes, lizards, and crocodiles, as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians, but does not include dinosaurs.
Origin and characterization of small membranous vesicles present in the venom ofCrotalus durissus terrificusOrigin and characterization of small membranous vesicles present in the venom ofCrotalus durissus terrificus
ABSTRACTSmall membranous vesicles are small closed fragments of membrane. They are released from multivesicular bodies (exosomes) or shed from the surface membrane (microvesicles). They contains various bioactive molecules and their molecular composition varies depending on their cellular origin. Sm
87-year-old Tahoka man recovering from multiple rattlesnake bites - KCBD NewsChannel 11 Lubbock87-year-old Tahoka man recovering from multiple rattlesnake bites - KCBD NewsChannel 11 Lubbock
By Katie Bauer - bio , email. LUBBOCK, TX (KCBD) - Several people have left comments on our Facebook page, saying theyve seen more snakes on the South Plains since the July 4th weekend floods. One Tahoka woman is just glad her father is alive after being bitten by a rattlesnake multiple times.. Penny Redman said she always knew her dad was a fighter. "Hes been a real trooper, hes a tough man," said Redman.. A couple of weeks ago, 87-year-old Pug Parker of Tahoka went outside to get something out of a toolbox. "Hes diabetic so his vision is very poor, he reached in with his left hand because he cant see, feeling for a screw and evidently there was a mom and some babies," said Redman.. Parker was bitten ten times. Baby rattlesnake bites are more venomous than adult rattlesnakes. "They dont know how to stop releasing the venom. They release all they have. Adults can judge how much they want to release," said Redman. Parker was rushed by AeroCare to Covenant Hospital, and on the way to the ...
Gyroxin and Its Biological Activity: Effects on CNS Basement Memb...: Ingenta ConnectGyroxin and Its Biological Activity: Effects on CNS Basement Memb...: Ingenta Connect
Gyroxin is a glycoprotein isolated from rattlesnake venom, with known thrombin-like serine protease properties and behavioral action in the CNS. The mechanism of the latter has eluded experimenters for three decades. In this paper about the in vitro chick retina we demonstrate an excitotoxic CNS action of Gyroxin by observing retinal Intrinsic Optical Signals (IOS). These show sudden dynamic changes in the intact tissue due to gyroxin action. The very fast kinetics of this response precludes deep tissue penetration by the protein, a mechanism of tissue response described here for the first time. At nanomolar concentrations, Gyroxin alters profoundly the optical profiles of retinal spreading depression waves (RSDs), suggesting modulation of ionic transport and metabolism. This effect is reversible in contrast with the acute cell lysis induced with gyroxin pulses at higher concentration. Because there may be more than one target of Gyroxine at the retinal inner limiting membrane, additional ...
Status assessment for Eastern massasauga (Sinistrurus c. catenatus) 1998 :: DocumentsStatus assessment for Eastern massasauga (Sinistrurus c. catenatus) 1998 :: Documents
Status Assessment for Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus c. catenatus) 1998 Written by: Jennifer Szymanski U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Endangered Species Division 1 Federal Drive Fort Snelling, Minnesota 55111 Acknowledgements: Numerous State and Federal agency personnel and interested individuals provided information regarding Sistrurus c. catenatus status. The following individuals graciously provided critical input and numerous reviews on portions of the manuscript: Richard Seigel, Robert Hay, Richard King, Bruce Kingsbury, Glen Johnson, John Legge, Michael Oldham, Kent Prior, Mary Rabe, Andy Shiels, Doug Wynn, and Jeff Davis. Mary Mitchell and Kim Mitchell provided graphic assistance. Cover photo provided by Bruce Kingsbury Table of Contents Taxonomy....................................................................................................................... 1 Physical Description....................................................................................................... 3 ...
Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake)Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake)
Armstrong, B.L. and Murphy, J.B. 1979. The natural history of Mexican rattlesnakes. University of Kansas Museum Natural History, Special Publications 1(5): 1-88.. Beck, D.D. 1995. Ecology and energetics of three sympatric rattlesnakes in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Herpetology 29: 211-223.. Behler, J.L. and King, F.W. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 743 pp.. Brattstrom, B.H. 1964. Evolution of the pit vipers. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 13: 185-286.. Campbell, J.A. and Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.. Campbell, J.A. and Lamar, W.W. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock, Ithaca, New York and London, UK.. Ernst, C.H. 1992. Venomous Reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.. Ernst, C.H. and Ernst, E.M. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Books, ...
Rattlesnake Envenomation Differential DiagnosesRattlesnake Envenomation Differential Diagnoses
Rattlesnakes are pit vipers and include the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Pit vipers may be identified by a heat-sensing pit anteroinferior to the eye.
Rattlesnake Envenomation Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other TestsRattlesnake Envenomation Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests
Rattlesnakes are pit vipers and include the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Pit vipers may be identified by a heat-sensing pit anteroinferior to the eye.
Native Crotalus atrox venom 5-Nucleotidase(EC 3.1.3.5) - Creative EnzymesNative Crotalus atrox venom 5'-Nucleotidase(EC 3.1.3.5) - Creative Enzymes
5-nucleotidase is an enzyme with system name 5-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:a 5-ribonucleotide + H2O↔ a rib
Southwestern speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchelli) longevity, ageing, and life historySouthwestern speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchelli) longevity, ageing, and life history
GenDR A curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling.. ...
WoundadeDog Snake Bite - WoundadeWoundadeDog Snake Bite - Woundade
Hi my name is Norma S., I spoke to Tim on Saturday about my German Sheppard dog named Rocks, who got bitten by a western diamondback rattlesnake three times on his face, this happened approximately 12 days ago. He has a large open wound on his face, I will send you some pictures and will use Woundade to try and heal my dog, and I will keep in touch with his progress.. (Update) ...
Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center: Newsletter: June 1998Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center: Newsletter: June 1998
1998 Jane and Whitney Harris Lecture. The Jane and Whitney Harris lecture was held at the St. Louis Zoo (Living World Auditorium) on Tuesday 14 April. Dr. Harry W. Greene, herpetologist and evolutionary biologist with the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California, Berkeley lectured on: Frogs and snakes: The texture of biodiversity. The lecture not only provided an intimate look into the details of some of the worlds most fascinating creatures, but also into the man who has devoted his life to understanding and conserving these organisms. Dr. Greenes dedication to education and scientific research was evident as he described how snakes manage to swallow food items much larger than their head and why female western diamondback rattlesnakes forgo food for several months to take care of their offspring. Dr. Greenes presentation and the spectacular slides, many photographed by Michael and Patricia Fogden, enthralled the audience of 200.. DIRECTOR IS DISTINGUISHED VISITING ...
Rattlesnake - Kids Portal For ParentsRattlesnake - Kids Portal For Parents
Rattlesnakes are a group of venomous snakes, genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. They belong to the class of venomous snakes known commonly as pit vipers. There are approximately fifty species of rattlesnake, with numerous subspecies.
massasauga | reptile | Britannica.commassasauga | reptile | Britannica.com
massasauga: Sistrurus catenatus small North American rattlesnake of the family Viperidae, found in prairies, swamps, and woodlands from the Great Lakes to Arizona. It is typically 45 to 75...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Rubelase, a Non-Hemorrhagic Elastase from Crotalus...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Rubelase, a Non-Hemorrhagic Elastase from Crotalus...
A novel non-hemorrhagic basic metalloprotease, rubelase, was isolated from the venom of Crotalus ruber ruber. Rubelase hydrolyzes succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl p-nitroanilide (STANA), a specific substrate for elastase, and the hydrolytic activity was inhibited by chelating agents. It also hydrolyzes collagen and fibrinogen. However, hemorrhagic activity was not observed. By ESI/Q-TOF and MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry combined with Edman sequencing procedure, the molecular mass of rubelase was determined to be 23,266 Da. Although its primary structure was similar to rubelysin (HT-2), a hemorrhagic metalloprotease isolated from the same snake venom, the circumstances surrounding putative zinc binding domain HEXXHXXGXXH were found to be different when the three-dimensional computer models of both metalloproteases were compared. The cytotoxic effects of rubelase and rubelysin on cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells were also different, indicating that the substitution of several amino acid
cat snake bite | Oradell Veterinary of Hasbrouck Heightscat snake bite | Oradell Veterinary of Hasbrouck Heights
by d2030478 , Apr 10, 2012 , General Information, Questions and Answers. Our area is home to two native species of venomous snakes. Although not as common as nonvenomous species of snakes both can be encountered in the hilly and forested areas of Northern New Jersey. The timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus, has jagged brown and black ...
Protecting Pets from Rattlesnakes | BaxterBooProtecting Pets from Rattlesnakes | BaxterBoo
Keep your pet on trails where you can see the path in front of you. Avoid tall grassy areas and dense shrubs where snakes may be hiding, especially around streams and riverbeds. Always keep a veterinary hospitals phone number with you that is located close to the area you are hiking. Rattlesnakes typically only bite when provoked and, unfortunately, your dog is probably jus the one to make the snake feel unsafe; therefore, if you are in an area thats known to have rattlesnakes in the area, keep your pet on a short, nonretractable leash. If you should encounter a snake, keep your distance (at least 10 feet to minimize vibrations the snake can sense) with your dog close to you. Walk away slowly. Rattlesnakes have a striking distance of approximately 2/3 of their bodies length. So a 3-foot snake could strike about 2 feet. Apparently there are snake bite vaccinations designed for high-risk areas, though it is debatable as to whether they are effective. Talk to your vet about the pros and cons of ...
CROTALUS HORRIDUS - Homeopathic Materia Medica - William BoerickeCROTALUS HORRIDUS - Homeopathic Materia Medica - William Boericke
Homeopathy medicine Crotalus Horridus from William Boerickes Pocket manual of homoeopathic materia medica, comprising the characteristic and guiding symptoms of all remedies, published in 1906...
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Some Effects of Heat-Labile Venom Components on Indirect Hemolysis by...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Some Effects of Heat-Labile Venom Components on Indirect Hemolysis by...
Abstract The hemolytic activities of the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix mokeson, Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma, Crotalus atrox, and Crotalus scutulatus were studied by using hypotonic solutions. The effects with whole venoms plus lecithin were compared with effects caused by boiled venom supernatant fluids containing phospholipase A and lecithin to gain insight into the role of heat-labile venom components on lysing human red blood cells. Phospholipase A in the supernatant fluids of all venoms with lecithin caused stabilization of red-blood-cell membranes. A. c. mokeson, A. p. leucostoma, and C. scutulatus whole venoms demonstrated a specific lytic behavior, whereas C. atrox whole venom demonstrated a nonspecific lytic behavior. Heparin altered the lytic behavior of C. scutulatus whole venom but did not influence the other venoms.
Crotalus Horridus. - THE GUIDING SYMPTOMS OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA By CONSTANTINE HERING, M.D.Crotalus Horridus. - THE GUIDING SYMPTOMS OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA By CONSTANTINE HERING, M.D.
Tight, cord-like feeling extending from front of left elbow down front of forearm, with round spots of pain here and there along front of forearm ; the spots of pain remain only for a few minutes and then pass away, but recur frequently during both day and night, cannot grasp with left forefinger and thumb, cannot extend left arm without pain. θ Py mia resulting from injury to r. middle finger ...
Ninja kangaroo rats kick rattlesnakes in viral video: California study | News Flow from USANinja kangaroo rats kick rattlesnakes in viral video: California study | News Flow from USA
In a fight between a kangaroo rat and a rattlesnake, maybe bet on the rat, according to new research out of California. High-speed video captured by researchers at the University of California Riverside show the small rodents, that often weigh just 4.5 ounces, can kick an attacking rattlesnake in the head with lightning-fast speed, "ninja-style." In one video, a rat is seen jumping high in the air and kicking a snake with its haunches, launching the serpent several feet away. Then, the rat runs off to safety. "Kangaroo rats that responded quickly were frequently able to jump clear of the snake completely, leaving the serpent biting nothing but dust as the kangaroo rat rocketed 7-8 body lengths into the air," Rulon Clark, coauthor and an associate professor of biology at San Diego State University, said in a statement. The team has been working to figure out how the rats evade death when snakes attack for some time. This week, they published two new papers in peer-reviewed journals Functional ...
A comparative study of hunted vs. unhunted populations of the twin-spotted rattlesnake: final report :: Arizona State...A comparative study of hunted vs. unhunted populations of the twin-spotted rattlesnake: final report :: Arizona State...
A Comparative Study of Hunted vs. Unhunted Populations of the Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake David B. Prival, Matthew J. Goode, Don E. Swann, Cecil R. Schwalbe, Michael J. Schroff, and Robert J. Steidl Wildlife and Fisheries Science, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 FINAL REPORT IIPAM I97040 30 September 1999 Heritage Program Arizona Game and Fish Department 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023 DISCLAIMER The findings, opinions, and recommendations in this report are those of the investigators who have received partial or full funding from the Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Fund. The findings, opinions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect those of the Arizona Game and Fish Commission or the Department, or necessarily represent official Department policy or management practice. For further information, please contact the Arizona Game and Fish Department. TWIN-SPOTTED RATTLESNAKE STUDY PRIVAL ET AL. EXECUTIVE ...
Tail vibrations may have preceded evolution of rattlesnake rattle | Science NewsTail vibrations may have preceded evolution of rattlesnake rattle | Science News
The rattle on a rattlesnake evolved just once. A new study contends it may have come out of a common behavior - tail vibration - that snakes use to deter predators.
Rattlesnake The sound that a rattlesnake makes is enough to send shivers down any victims spine. Cunning and malicious,...Rattlesnake The sound that a rattlesnake makes is enough to send shivers down any victim's spine. Cunning and malicious,...
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Rattlesnake Master Seeds - Eryngium | American MeadowsRattlesnake Master Seeds - Eryngium | American Meadows
A native prairie perennial, Rattlesnake Master is extremely adaptable and easy to grow, boasting bluish/green foliage and white blooms with unique seed pods that add texture after the blooms have finished. Perennial.
Talc from Rattlesnake Mine (Rattlesnake Asbestos Prospect), Sapphire Valley, Jackson Co., North Carolina, USATalc from Rattlesnake Mine (Rattlesnake Asbestos Prospect), Sapphire Valley, Jackson Co., North Carolina, USA
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2020, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters ...
Rare, Two-Headed Rattlesnake Named Double Dave Rescued from Certain Doom in New Jersey | Live ScienceRare, Two-Headed Rattlesnake Named 'Double Dave' Rescued from Certain Doom in New Jersey | Live Science
Two herpetologists, both named Dave, have discovered a rare, two-headed rattlesnake in the New Jersey woods. They have named him … Double-Dave.
Angry Cat Coloring Pages Tags - Rattlesnake Drawing Different Tyle Of Prechool Coloring Heet Cat Page For Adult Printable Type...Angry Cat Coloring Pages Tags - Rattlesnake Drawing Different Tyle Of Prechool Coloring Heet Cat Page For Adult Printable Type...
Angry Cat Coloring Pages Tags - Rattlesnake drawing different tyle of prechool coloring heet printable fire afety heet prince eay cat page for adult type eye ummer.
Answers in Genesis BUSTED!: Behe is wrong againAnswers in Genesis BUSTED!: Behe is wrong again
Snake venom shows that even vertebrates with small populations can evolve huge gene families that specifically bind diverse proteins, with massive evidence of duplication, mutation, and selection as the mechanisms, and with intraspecific variation in regulation, sequence, and specificity. Is Someone actively designing rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus) venom in the American Midwest [7] and fine-tuning the specificity of black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) toxins for subtypes of mammalian muscarinic acetylcholine receptors [8 ...
SHADE SEEKERS USE THEIR PITS | Journal of Experimental BiologySHADE SEEKERS USE THEIR PITS | Journal of Experimental Biology
Most creatures faces have the same standard arrangement of features; eyes at the top, nose beneath and mouth at the bottom. But pitvipers carry an extra set of facial indentations: facial pits. Staring into the dark hollows of these depressions, an age-old question glares back: what are they for? With thermally sensitive nerve endings concentrated in the pits, these organs respond to radiant heat, and allow snakes to detect and capture prey. But Aaron Krochmal thinks that this simple explanation could have distracted people from exploring alternative functions for the pits. Could they be involved in thermoregulation? Cold-blooded animals exploit their environment to regulate their body temperatures; they seek cool spots to escape the heat or warm places when its cold. But little was known about the sensory cues that guide this behavior. Krochmal wondered whether the snakes might use their facial pits to direct them towards the sanctuary of a cool burrow (p. 2539).. Western diamondback ...
Loxosceles (recluses) Archives - SpiderHuggerLoxosceles (recluses) Archives - SpiderHugger
On the other hand, if your tastes run to soda crackers and Diet Coke, no spiders. They only live a year or so anyway so theyre not going to risk being bored to death in your uncool stomach. They leave that stuff to the cockroaches. Oh hey, didnt you know that you swallow a hundred cockroaches every year? Its quite a story…. 3. The daddy long-legs is the most venomous spider in the world, but its fangs are too small to bite anybody. This ones half true. The daddy long-legs is actually the most venomous living being on the planet, not just the baddest spider. Travel to Southeast Asia and youll see king cobras sprawled out dead along the roadside, always with a tiny, vibrating spider at their throat. Closer to home, everyone who lives in the Western United States has had the experience of going out into the garage for a screwdriver and finding a full-grown timber rattlesnake, eight feet long if its an inch, caught in a dirty cobweb in that corner by the water heater-and again, a single, ...
Mysterious fungus killing snakes in at least 9 statesMysterious fungus killing snakes in at least 9 states
Hidden on hillsides in a remote part of western Vermont, a small number of venomous timber rattlesnakes slither among the rocks, but their isolation cant protect them from a mysterious fungus that threatens to wipe them out.
WEC350/UW395: Managing Conflicts with Wildlife: Living with SnakesWEC350/UW395: Managing Conflicts with Wildlife: Living with Snakes
Snakes provide numerous benefits to people and to the environment. In nature, they play an important role in foodwebs by controlling animals that can become pests (e.g. rats and mice). In the laboratory, numerous medications have been developed through investigation of properties of snake venom. Research on the venom produced by one of Floridas snakes (pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius) has enabled the development of a life-saving drug that can be used to thin the blood of human patients experiencing heart attacks.. Most snakes are secretive and rarely bother people. However, there are situations where some snakes can become dangerous. In this document, we present some facts about snakes, describe dangers they may cause, and provide suggestions on how to cope with these dangers.. ...
snake bite Archives - Shadow Cat Adventuressnake bite Archives - Shadow Cat Adventures
Experts are says to watch out for snakes this time of year. So I have put together a quick snakebite update as well as pictures of common Arizona Rattlesnakes SNAKEBITES IN HUMANS A rattlesnake [...] ...
Life is short, but snakes are long: October 2016Life is short, but snakes are long: October 2016
Advocates for increasing state oversight of rattlesnake roundups in Texas received disappointing news this week when the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission decided that they would not support a proposed ban on using gasoline fumes to collect rattlesnakes. Rather than reviewing and voting on the issue at their bi-annual meeting next month, the TPW Commission decided to remove it from their agenda entirely, citing "insufficient support from legislative oversight or the potentially regulated community". This decision marks the second time reviewing the ban has been put off, and unfortunately it is likely to be the last until the effort to reform roundups is re-initiated. The announcement included the statement that "TPWD [Texas Parts and Wildlife Department] staff still believe that there are better options for collecting snakes that do not adversely impact non-target species, and we will continue to work with the snake collecting community to develop and implement best practices that reduce ...
Life is short, but snakes are long: 2016Life is short, but snakes are long: 2016
Advocates for increasing state oversight of rattlesnake roundups in Texas received disappointing news this week when the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission decided that they would not support a proposed ban on using gasoline fumes to collect rattlesnakes. Rather than reviewing and voting on the issue at their bi-annual meeting next month, the TPW Commission decided to remove it from their agenda entirely, citing "insufficient support from legislative oversight or the potentially regulated community". This decision marks the second time reviewing the ban has been put off, and unfortunately it is likely to be the last until the effort to reform roundups is re-initiated. The announcement included the statement that "TPWD [Texas Parts and Wildlife Department] staff still believe that there are better options for collecting snakes that do not adversely impact non-target species, and we will continue to work with the snake collecting community to develop and implement best practices that reduce ...
ROBOT TROUSER SNAKE stiffens to master slippery mounds • The RegisterROBOT TROUSER SNAKE stiffens to master slippery mounds • The Register
This undeniable pushing-back of the frontiers of science comes to us courtesy of Professor Daniel Goldmans Complex Rheology And Biomechanics Lab ("the Crab Lab") at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the US.. Goldman and his Crabby colleagues were determined to find out just how it is that the enigmatic "sidewinder" rattlesnakes of America manage to squirm their way up slippery sand dunes, a notoriously tricky form of terrain to get about on - and which leaves other snakes baffled.. After a good deal of investigation, which involved painting reflective spots on some surprisingly cooperative rattlesnakes and videoing them in action, the good prof and his Crabs managed to crack the sidewinders methods. They proved this by applying them to snakey robots furnished by colleagues at the famous mad-robot labs of Carnegie Mellon university, pictured above. The basic robot, as shown, is clad in a textile wrapping or trouser in order to keep sand out of its works - in much the same fashion as ...
Australias lizards are venomous too - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)Australia's lizards are venomous too - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
Australia is not only home to venomous snakes, spiders and jellyfish, now scientists have discovered that its lizards are venomous too.. For instance little bearded dragon lizards that cruise around the suburbs have classic rattlesnake venom, scientists report in the journal Nature.. But the venom is not dangerous to humans, Dr Bryan Fry from the University of Melbournes Australian Venom Research Unit says, who led the international research team.. The lizards do not produce enough venom and what little they do is used to kill prey.. Dr Fry spent months in the Australian desert and tropics capturing, studying and milking dozens of lizards.. He and his colleagues then studied their toxins, DNA and evolution.. The researchers discovered that two common lizard lineages found in Australia, monitor lizards and iguania, have mouth glands that secrete venom toxins.. This was surprising as until now scientists had only found two lizard species around the world that produced venom, the gila monster and ...
ecosystems Archives | Georgian Bay Foreverecosystems Archives | Georgian Bay Forever
Funding and assistance for the 2019 Georgian Bay Forever project, Phragmites Eradication for the Health of our Water and Wetlands, was provided by the Government of Canada summer jobs program, Township of Georgian Bay, Tay Township, Township of the Archipelago, BinCity.ca, the Honey Harbour Association, the Cognashene Cottagers Association, Wah Wah Taysee Association, Twelve Mile Bay Members Association, and our many individual donors.. GBF sends our sincerest thanks to all for their investment in this initiative. Georgian Bay Forever would like to thank the 2019 partners for helping Phragmites Eradication for the Health of our Water and Wetlands. The Ontario Phragmites Working Group, Severn Sound Environmental Association, Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve, the Sans Souci and Copperhead Association, the Massasauga Provincial Park (*), Friends of Massasauga Park, Georgian Bay Islands National Park (*), the Georgian Bay Association, South Channel Association, West Carling Association, Bayfield-Nares ...
Rattlesnake Vaccinations | Waldorf Emergency CareRattlesnake Vaccinations | Waldorf Emergency Care
We serve the community of Waldorf and the surrounding areas with the best in emergency pet care. If your pet has an emergency in the area, call us and come in as soon as possible. From snake bites to dehydration, trauma, and more we treat the area pets with the best in urgent care. Call today, (301) 705-9700!
Aunie Sauce: Palm Desert Trip 2015Aunie Sauce: Palm Desert Trip 2015
Our first hiking spot was the Coachella Valley Preserve, where we hiked three hours on the Pushwalla Canyon Trail one day and then three more hours on the Moon Canyon Trail the next day. Both hikes were incredibly scenic (and so vastly different!) and we found lots of wildlife on the way. We caught-and released, of course-several chuckwallas, a desert iguana and even a sidewinder rattlesnake! Id never seen a rattlesnake in person before, so to have Daniel catch it right in front of me was quite a thrill. And dont worry-we were safe! Daniel has been catching reptiles since he was a kid ...
Plants Profile for Goodyera (rattlesnake plantain)Plants Profile for Goodyera (rattlesnake plantain)
The Plants Database includes the following 4 species of Goodyera . Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles ...
Rattlesnakes and First AidRattlesnakes and First Aid
First aid used to consist of a tourniquet above the level of the wound, but this can lead to ischemia (lack of oxygen to the tissues) and is no longer recommended. Also, wounds used to be incised (cut open with a knife), however, this has been shown to not be helpful, and can lead to infection. "Sucking" out the poison also leads to infection with no real benefits. ...
Rattlesnake Information - Lyons Veterinary ClinicRattlesnake Information - Lyons Veterinary Clinic
412 High St. Lyons, Colorado - (303) 823-6767 - A rounded veterinary clinic committed to caring for your pet! Grooming available!
Calathea Species, Rattlesnake Plant Calathea lancifoliaCalathea Species, Rattlesnake Plant Calathea lancifolia
Welcome to the famous Daves Garden website. Join our friendly community that shares tips and ideas for gardens, along with seeds and plants.
Female Viagra 100 mg, 50 mg. Trusted Female Viagra OTC.Female Viagra 100 mg, 50 mg. Trusted Female Viagra OTC.
The connective and elastic bersare diluted in the fat fabric, and this can explain the error of some studies that cast doubtson the existence of this supercial band. The home is a comfortable terracedhouse with four bedrooms situated within a market townFamily lifetends to be restrictive because Harryрs disabilities means thatoutings for the whole family are difficult to arrange. A -year-old man presenting hours after a rattlesnake bite who isexperiencing a grade envenomation C. The following discussion attempts to separate out the specificdiagnoses and focus only on the problems of correcting scoliosis in CP. Ifadductor lengthening is performed in these children but they still can adduct,the scissoring is seldom improved. The effects of hippotherapy on gait in children with neuromusculardisorders. Researchers have discovered internal suicide programs initiated in the cells. A common parental concern is that the school is not pro-viding adequate therapy to their child. Physicalfindings in ...
Echinacea Benefits: SnapshotEchinacea Benefits: Snapshot
Native Americans used this herb externally for burns, swelling of the lymph nodes, and insect bites. Internally, it was used for pain associated with headaches and stomachaches, measles, coughs, and gonorrhea. It was also used for rattlesnake bites. Today, the herb is used for prophylaxis and treatment of flu, sepsis, and mild to moderate cold…
Rocky Snake BootRocky Snake Boot
The Rocky Snake Boot; As seen on Man vs. Wild as Bear Grylls put Rocky Snake Proof Boots to the test with a Rattlesnake! Watch Bear push the limits by having ROCKY Snake Boots be the only thing between him and certain danger.
Rocky Snake BootRocky Snake Boot
The Rocky Snake Boot; As seen on Man vs. Wild as Bear Grylls put Rocky Snake Proof Boots to the test with a Rattlesnake! Watch Bear push the limits by having ROCKY Snake Boots be the only thing between him and certain danger.
The Angry Mans Game Blog: December 2009The Angry Man's Game Blog: December 2009
The Hydragen is a huge, mutated descendant of the diamond-backed rattlesnake. It is found in many places in the deserts of southwest North American (the old United States and Mexico). Hydragens range from 50-65 in length in adulthood and appear to be large, multiple-headed serpents; 2-7 heads are present and each is well equipped with razor-sharp fangs and teeth. The six major fangs, in the upper jaws along the front, contain class 11 poison effective only against mammalian creatures (including humans, of course). Because of their speed, these monsters rarely go hungry, although relatively intelligent beings give them a wide berth. They are not especially intelligent themselves, but Hydragens readily pursue any prey and use their cunning to drive victims into dead-ends (box canyons and the like) to prevent escape ...
The Angry Mans Game Blog: December 2009The Angry Man's Game Blog: December 2009
The Hydragen is a huge, mutated descendant of the diamond-backed rattlesnake. It is found in many places in the deserts of southwest North American (the old United States and Mexico). Hydragens range from 50-65 in length in adulthood and appear to be large, multiple-headed serpents; 2-7 heads are present and each is well equipped with razor-sharp fangs and teeth. The six major fangs, in the upper jaws along the front, contain class 11 poison effective only against mammalian creatures (including humans, of course). Because of their speed, these monsters rarely go hungry, although relatively intelligent beings give them a wide berth. They are not especially intelligent themselves, but Hydragens readily pursue any prey and use their cunning to drive victims into dead-ends (box canyons and the like) to prevent escape ...
Snake JuiceSnake Juice
Peter Kelly reponded to the post about rattlesnake vodka with this photograph he took in Vietnam. The caption reads These are artistically arranges snakes in bottles of liquor. People drink this. Really. Link -Thanks, Peter!...
Extra bite - Texan faces charges over snake vodka - Freedoms PhoenixExtra bite - Texan faces charges over snake vodka - Freedoms Phoenix
A Texas man is facing charges for selling liquor without a license after he was found peddling bottles of vodka containing dead baby rattlesnakes. ...
Charles W. Sasser - Survival (Part II)Charles W. Sasser - Survival (Part II)
After two weeks at U.S. Marine survival training came the POW phase designed specifically to make "prisoners" break.. A "guard" at the compound slapped me across the face. "You will break.". "Not before your mother ends up in a whorehouse.". That was the beginning. Constant "torture:" water boarding; mice in a cage over your head; strung up naked and beaten. . .. Some men broke, it was that realistic.. "We have ways of discovering your greatest fear and using it to release you from your mental prison," an "enemy interrogator" promised.. Guards stripped me in the middle of the night and confined me inside a wooden crate so small that my body folded nearly double. I could only move my hands from the wrists down.. I felt ropes, or something like ropes, only ropes that moved, dropping onto my bare skin. A musky odor.. "Dont even breathe hard," a guard warned. "They are rattlesnakes.". I felt scales contorting and releasing as the snake sought purchase on my bare skin. Maybe seven or eight snakes. ...
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rti+ ...,enr .c;L ql ,. < ;tf 4 f .ff, _.... .- 1\ ,II . : .t: : : .: k " _,;t ..01" .. :--r . \ . ,- .... .: .. #,. . : . TWO FHE K1SSIMMEE VALLEY GAZETTE, FRIDAY. FEBRUARY 7, un,. I ___ _.-- ,- , 1---;; . : "T_ FEEL that I must write and tell CHOPS OFF THUMB AND FINGER .: II, : you the great benefit I have ex- WHEN BITTEN BY A RATTLER , from using Dr. Caldwells Syrup Pep- FOR SALE OR : / perienced : Okcechobee.-:-John J, McLaughlin, car and drove without regard to speed , .f !sine I had always suffered from indigestion a wealthy near Midway farmer and in Fort cattleman Drum district living chobve.limits twenty-seven miles .to Okee- , but since taking Syrup Pepsin I am no longer of this county has the misfortune -I Doctors C. R. and Anna A Darrow, diamond-back him and administeredJhe to be bitten by a : took charge of troubled in that way, and I cannot praise it rattlesnake Thursday afternoon. antidotes for rattle- He was hunting on horseback in snake bite. lie was given ...
Brains, Neurons and Posionous Animals | Planetarium | University of Southern MaineBrains, Neurons and Posionous Animals | Planetarium | University of Southern Maine
Why is it a bad idea to get bitten by a rattlesnake, stung by a scorpion or to eat lead paint chips? In this talk, designed to be accessible to a broad audience, Dr. Currie will use images animations and demonstrations (but no animals) to illustrate how nerve cells work and how investigating the action of toxins can help scientists get a better grasp on normal nervous system function and on what happens when neurons are exposed to toxins.. Admission by donation.. Call 207-780-4249 or e-mail [email protected] to reserve your space or to obtain more information.. ...
Peromyscus: Rango, DVD 2011 (Spoilers)Peromyscus: Rango, DVD 2011 (Spoilers)
The animation is breathtaking. Every fur texture, the hair, the scales, the clothes, all are perfect. The facial expressions and gaits are wonderful, naturalistic when called for and properly exaggerated when needed - for instance when Bill Nighys sinister Rattlesnake Jake decides to crush someone in his coils. The landscapes are fine, and the lighting is so good that it genuinely looked as though someone had built and lit the sets for a master DP. On the other hand, the movie featured so much sudden death, mutilation, injury, roadkill, impaling on cactus spines, being set on fire, guns being handled by children and loss-of-eye-due-to-arrow-through-socket that it made me actually uncomfortable ...
Combating the radical gay penguin agenda - Page 2 - The Pagan LibraryCombating the radical gay penguin agenda - Page 2 - The Pagan Library
In these days of contraception and "reproductive technology", the link between copulation and conception is not what it used to be.......a country may have very low birthrates, yet they are all r.....g like rattlesnakes ...
bookofjoe: January 9, 2013bookofjoe: January 9, 2013
Wrote Shea Bennett (@Sheamus) on Twitter: Im British. Ive lived in the UK all my life. Had no idea you could do this with our coins. Did you?. Apparently not as he noted his tweet featuring the coins (top) had been retweeted 2,700 times (as of six hours ago).. Well, my British homies?. What say you?. The reason stuff like this enchants me is that not only is it in and of itself fascinating but also the fact that something so interesting can exist completely unremarked for so long by so many implies an entire universe bursting with unknown wonders - if only we can figure out a way to routinely step back from our normal acceptance of the world as it is to appreciate just how much more is right there in front of us, patiently biding its time, waiting to be grasped and embraced.. [via Rattlesnake Jake]. ...
Haleigh Cummings Search Continues FridayHaleigh Cummings Search Continues Friday
The other people dont count. They are not worth muddying the waters with, they are all entertaining, disreputable, and about as much fun as a sack full of rattlesnakes, but they make the story more complex that it needs to be.. I am going to remove Crystal from the equation, her $12,000 motive (back child support) holds no water. I also seriously doubt that she has the capacity to plan a crime like this, never mind carry it out!. Lets take a look at Cousin Joe. There are some things in his background that do seem to indicate that this might be his kind of gig. However reality says that he makes a great scapegoat rather than perpetrator. I have no inside track with the PCSO, they are always polite to me, and they always respond in a prompt and professional manner to my questions so this is pure guesswork on my behalf. The one thing that I do know for sure is that if they thought Cousin Joe was involved, he would be cooling his heels in jail right now. He is not Mr. Clean, it would be easy to ...
Mr. Ass « 38/40 « Chronicling the life of an exiled Nordic Warrior KingMr. Ass « 38/40 « Chronicling the life of an exiled Nordic Warrior King
So, youre taking a little hike in the desert, maybe thinking to yourself "whats so tough about the Sonoran desert?" All this rattlesnake hype is for girls, never mind the silly warnings about dehydration and the advice to carry diesel drums of water and a pack of beef jerky and trail mix along just in case you get lost. And you decide to take a shortcut through the desert in order to get a better view of the mountains, or maybe you spot what …Read the Rest. ...
Art Metropole / Afterimage Vol. 41, No. 6Art Metropole / Afterimage Vol. 41, No. 6
Report 51st Society for Photographic Education National Conference Features I Caught a Rattlesnake: a Conversation with Suko Presseau A Brief and Incomplete History of Art and Technology Venture
Dr. Feelgood - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopediaDr. Feelgood - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
Bob Rock - gitara basowa w "Time For Change", Śpiew wspierający w "Dr. Feelgood", "Rattlesnake Shake", "Sticky Sweet", "She Goes Down", producent, ...
Arts and Culture - The University Of MontanaArts and Culture - The University Of Montana
When hes out for a bike ride in the Rattlesnake or taking a day trip around the Missoula area, Gary Batzloff might come upon on interesting spot on the landscape. He marks these areas with a GPS.... ...
NEW VORTEX DIAMONDBACK 8x42NEW VORTEX DIAMONDBACK 8x42
|p|Completely redesigned, this Diamondback binocular once again redefines the price vs performance ratio in the world of optics. |p|Functionally, as well as aesthetically, the short hinge and upscale sleek new look not only grabs the eye, but leaves more
Diamondbacks 4, Marlins 3, 10 inningsDiamondbacks 4, Marlins 3, 10 innings
Dbacks 4, Marlins 310 INNINGSPHOENIX - Paul Goldschmidt doubled in the last two of the Diamondbacks three runs in the 10th inning. The Marlins had taken a 3-1 lead in the 10th on Donovan Sola
Pollock homers in 10th inning, Diamondbacks beat Mets 3-2Pollock homers in 10th inning, Diamondbacks beat Mets 3-2
NEW YORK (AP) - Diamondbacks manager Torey Lovullo has been looking for ways to get A.J. Pollock going at the plate. After countless conversations in the skippers o
Rattlesnake round-upRattlesnake round-up
List of amphibians and reptiles of OregonList of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon
List of U.S. state reptilesList of U.S. state reptiles
Lee FitzgeraldLee Fitzgerald
Golden banana frogGolden banana frog
Eastern diamondback rattlesnakeEastern diamondback rattlesnake
Isla TortugaIsla Tortuga
Sistrurus ravusSistrurus ravus
Isla San Lorenzo SurIsla San Lorenzo Sur
Black-tailed jackrabbitBlack-tailed jackrabbit
Sistrurus catenatus tergeminusSistrurus catenatus tergeminus
Snake venomSnake venom
Burrough ValleyBurrough Valley
Southwestern United StatesSouthwestern United States
Lachesis mutaLachesis muta
Tracy M. BarkerTracy M. Barker
Western diamondback rattlesnakeWestern diamondback rattlesnake
Arizona diamond rattlesnakeArizona diamond rattlesnake
L-amino-acid oxidaseL-amino-acid oxidase
Silas Weir MitchellSilas Weir Mitchell
Topanga State ParkTopanga State Park
Madeira-Tapajós moist forestsMadeira-Tapajós moist forests
Rattlesnake (disambiguation)Rattlesnake (disambiguation)
Mid State Trail (Pennsylvania)Mid State Trail (Pennsylvania)
List of snakes of Georgia (U.S. state)List of snakes of Georgia (U.S. state)
Magdalena Valley dry forestsMagdalena Valley dry forests
List of snakes of ConnecticutList of snakes of Connecticut
Evolution of snake venomEvolution of snake venom
Verdugo MountainsVerdugo Mountains
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
CrotalusCrotalid VenomsCrotoxinSnakesSnake VenomsReptilian ProteinsSnake BitesAntiveninsViperidaePhospholipases A2PhospholipasesL-Amino Acid OxidaseBothropsVenomsDisintegrinsPhospholipases A
Crotalus cerastes - WikipediaCrotalus cerastes - Wikipedia
Crotalus - Wikimedia CommonsCrotalus - Wikimedia Commons
Crotalus durissus - Wikimedia CommonsCrotalus durissus - Wikimedia Commons
Crotalus - WikipediaCrotalus - Wikipedia
Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake)Crotalus tigris (Tiger Rattlesnake)
Crotalus pricei - WikipediaCrotalus pricei - Wikipedia
Crotalus - WikipediaCrotalus - Wikipedia
Crotalus HorridusCrotalus Horridus
Crotalus (definition) by Webster 1913 - Everything2.comCrotalus (definition) by Webster 1913 - Everything2.com
Crotalus mitchellii - WikispeciesCrotalus mitchellii - Wikispecies
Crotalus scutulatus - WikipediaCrotalus scutulatus - Wikipedia
Crotalus cerastes - definition of Crotalus cerastes by The Free DictionaryCrotalus cerastes - definition of Crotalus cerastes by The Free Dictionary
Crotalus pricei miquihuanus Gloyd 1940 - Encyclopedia of LifeCrotalus pricei miquihuanus Gloyd 1940 - Encyclopedia of Life
Crotalus pyrrhus CMI contig 156559, whole genome shotgun sequence - Nucleotide - NCBICrotalus pyrrhus CMI contig 156559, whole genome shotgun sequence - Nucleotide - NCBI
Disintegrin lutosin - Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great basin rattlesnake)Disintegrin lutosin - Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great basin rattlesnake)
Western diamond-backed rattlesnake videos, photos and facts - Crotalus atrox | ArkiveWestern diamond-backed rattlesnake videos, photos and facts - Crotalus atrox | Arkive
L-amino-acid oxidase - Crotalus durissus cascavella (Northeastern Brazilian rattlesnake)L-amino-acid oxidase - Crotalus durissus cascavella (Northeastern Brazilian rattlesnake)
RCSB PDB - 1Z99: Solution structure of Crotamine, a myotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificusRCSB PDB - 1Z99: Solution structure of Crotamine, a myotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus
Crotalus pharmaceutical drugs and health productsCrotalus pharmaceutical drugs and health products
Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom Interferes With Morphological, Functional, and Biochemical Changes in Murine MacrophageCrotalus durissus terrificus Venom Interferes With Morphological, Functional, and Biochemical Changes in Murine Macrophage
Neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) longevity, ageing, and life historyNeotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) longevity, ageing, and life history
Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) longevity, ageing, and life historyMojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) longevity, ageing, and life history
Asia Crotalus Tigris Snake Skin Taxidermy Tanned Snakeskin with Head | Exotic-Skin on ArtFireAsia Crotalus Tigris Snake Skin Taxidermy Tanned Snakeskin with Head | Exotic-Skin on ArtFire
Chromatographic separation of phospholipase a from a histamine releasing component of brazilian rattlesnake venom ( Crotalus...Chromatographic separation of phospholipase a from a histamine releasing component of brazilian rattlesnake venom ( Crotalus...
Crotalus cerastes | The Reptile DatabaseCrotalus cerastes | The Reptile Database
Crotalus adamanteus | The Reptile DatabaseCrotalus adamanteus | The Reptile Database
LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE AND ENERGETIC COST OF SIDEWINDING BY THE SNAKE CROTALUS CERASTES | Journal of Experimental BiologyLOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE AND ENERGETIC COST OF SIDEWINDING BY THE SNAKE CROTALUS CERASTES | Journal of Experimental Biology
Crotalus Horridus. - THE GUIDING SYMPTOMS OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA By CONSTANTINE HERING, M.D.Crotalus Horridus. - THE GUIDING SYMPTOMS OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA By CONSTANTINE HERING, M.D.
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Rubelase, a Non-Hemorrhagic Elastase from Crotalus...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Rubelase, a Non-Hemorrhagic Elastase from Crotalus...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Modulation of the Pharmacological Activities of Secretory Phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus...Molecules | Free Full-Text | Modulation of the Pharmacological Activities of Secretory Phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
CrotalusCrotalid VenomsCrotoxinSnakesSnake VenomsReptilian ProteinsSnake BitesAntiveninsViperidaePhospholipases A2PhospholipasesL-Amino Acid OxidaseBothropsVenomsDisintegrinsPhospholipases A
Horned rattlesnakeHorridusRattlesnakesWestern twin-spotteAdamanteusGenusCascavellaSnakesSerpentesSnakePrairie rattlesnakeScutulatus scutulatusRattlesnake venomCrotalinaeCrotoxinSubspeciesBlack-tailed rattGeneraPhospholipase A2Bothrops and CrotalusOreganusMojaveRuberCaptivityVenenoVenomsHematological alterationsPriceiVenomous pit1994GyroxinWALLACH
Horned rattlesnake1
Horridus10
Rattlesnakes12
Western twin-spotte1
  • Common names: twin-spotted rattlesnake, western twin-spotted rattlesnake, more Crotalus pricei is a venomous pit viper species found in the United States and Mexico. (wikipedia.org)
Adamanteus9
Genus5
Cascavella6
Snakes9
Serpentes2
  • As serpentes peçonhentas dos gêneros Bothrops e Crotalus têm sido mantidas em cativeiro visando à extração de venenos para a produção de imunobiológicos. (bvsalud.org)
  • O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a concentração de proteína total e o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro. (bvsalud.org)
Snake8
Prairie rattlesnake1
Scutulatus scutulatus3
Rattlesnake venom3
Crotalinae1
Crotoxin9
Subspecies1
Black-tailed ratt2
Genera2
  • The generic name Crotalus is derived from the Greek word κρόταλον krótalοn, which means "rattle" or "castanet", and refers to the rattle on the end of the tail which makes this group (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) so distinctive. (wikipedia.org)
  • species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. (reptarium.cz)
Phospholipase A21
Bothrops and Crotalus1
Oreganus2
  • Here, we demonstrate the utility of Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (GT-seq), a targeted, multiplex amplicon approach, for genotyping minimally-invasive DNA samples from the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus), a species-at-risk in British Columbia, Canada. (ubc.ca)
  • In addition, other species, such as the Southern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus oreganus helleri, (formerly Crotalus viridis helleri ), may cause signs and symptoms consistent with typical rattlesnake envenomation combined with signs and symptoms similar to Mojave rattlesnake envenomation. (medscape.com)
Mojave2
Ruber1
  • C. catalinensis has lost its rattle entirely, Crotalus lorenzoensis usually has no rattle, and both Crotalus ruber lucasensis and Crotalus estebanensis exhibit a tendency for rattle loss. (wikipedia.org)
Captivity1
Veneno3
  • En este trabajo se estudió la capacidad neutralizante de anticuerpos IgG anti-PLA 2 sobre la letalidad inducida por el veneno entero. (scielo.org.ar)
  • La capacidad neutralizante del antisuero se analizó en ratones por inoculación con diluciones de veneno entero preincubado con un volumen adecuado de anticuerpos IgG anti-PLA 2 . (scielo.org.ar)
  • Crotalicidina (Ctn), uma vipericidina relacionada com a catelicidina da glândula de veneno Crotalus durissus terrificus proveniente da América do Sul e seus fragmentos (Ctn1-14 e Ctn15-34) demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana e antifúngica, assim como a catelicidina humana LL-37. (ufc.br)
Venoms2
Hematological alterations1
Pricei8
Venomous pit1
  • The Santa Catalina Rattlesnake ( Crotalus catalinensis ), also known as the " Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake ", is a species of venomous Pit viper found on Santa Catalina Island . (wikipedia.org)
19941
  • Flores-Villela, O. & Gerez, P. Biodiversidad y Conservación en México: Vertebrados y uso de Suelo (Comisión Nacional para el Uso y Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1994). (nature.com)
Gyroxin3
WALLACH1
Crotalus cerastes - Wikipedia
Crotalus cerastes - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Crotalus - Wikimedia Commons
Crotalus - Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Crotalus durissus - Wikimedia Commons
Crotalus durissus - Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Western diamond-backed rattlesnake videos, photos and facts - Crotalus atrox | Arkive
Western diamond-backed rattlesnake videos, photos and facts - Crotalus atrox | Arkive (arkive.org)
Crotalus mitchellii - Wikispecies
Crotalus mitchellii - Wikispecies (species.wikimedia.org)
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake - DesertUSA
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake - DesertUSA (desertusa.com)
Vulnerability of cloud forest reserves in Mexico to climate change | Nature Climate Change
Vulnerability of cloud forest reserves in Mexico to climate change | Nature Climate Change (nature.com)
Green Mojave Rattlesnake In Washington State
Green Mojave Rattlesnake In Washington State (angelfire.com)
Eastern diamondback rattlesnake - Wikipedia
Eastern diamondback rattlesnake - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
RCSB PDB - 1Z99: Solution structure of Crotamine, a myotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus
RCSB PDB - 1Z99: Solution structure of Crotamine, a myotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus (rcsb.org)
Reptiles - Death Valley National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Reptiles - Death Valley National Park (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)
Crotalus cerastes - definition of Crotalus cerastes by The Free Dictionary
Crotalus cerastes - definition of Crotalus cerastes by The Free Dictionary (thefreedictionary.com)
April 2012 : Flies from the Vise - Page 3 - Featured Topic Archive - Fly Tying
April 2012 : Flies from the Vise - Page 3 - Featured Topic Archive - Fly Tying (flytyingforum.com)
Rattlesnake, Timber | Roger Williams Park Zoo
Rattlesnake, Timber | Roger Williams Park Zoo (rwpzoo.org)
Sidewinder Rattlesnake | ZooAmerica
Sidewinder Rattlesnake | ZooAmerica (zooamerica.com)
321 CMR 10.00: Massachusetts Endangered Species Act | Mass.gov
321 CMR 10.00: Massachusetts Endangered Species Act | Mass.gov (mass.gov)
Neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) longevity, ageing, and life history
Neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) longevity, ageing, and life history (genomics.senescence.info)
Sidewinder | snake grouping | Britannica.com
Sidewinder | snake grouping | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Serpentes - definition of Serpentes by The Free Dictionary
Serpentes - definition of Serpentes by The Free Dictionary (thefreedictionary.com)
Squamata
Squamata (tolweb.org)
Homeopathic Treatment For Dogs - An Acute Materia Medica
Homeopathic Treatment For Dogs - An Acute Materia Medica (dogsnaturallymagazine.com)
Vol 5 No 3 - Poisonous Snakes of Kansas - The Kansas School Naturalist | Emporia State University
Vol 5 No 3 - Poisonous Snakes of Kansas - The Kansas School Naturalist | Emporia State University (emporia.edu)
Mojave Rattlesnake Envenomation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Mojave Rattlesnake Envenomation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Hemipenis - Wikipedia
Hemipenis - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Harris' Pocket
Harris' Pocket (utep.edu)
Timber Rattlesnake | North Carolina Zoo
Timber Rattlesnake | North Carolina Zoo (nczoo.org)
Natural Homeopathic Treatment for Ebola | HubPages
Natural Homeopathic Treatment for Ebola | HubPages (hubpages.com)
Frontiers | Comparing Plasticity of Response to Perceived Risk in the Textbook Example of Convergent Evolution of Desert...
Frontiers | Comparing Plasticity of Response to Perceived Risk in the Textbook Example of Convergent Evolution of Desert... (frontiersin.org)
Uof q2011final
Uof q2011final (slideshare.net)
Rattlesnake Envenomation Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests
Rattlesnake Envenomation Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests (emedicine.medscape.com)
The Nat | Current Projects
The Nat | Current Projects (sdnhm.org)
Will US Climate Scientists All Move to France? Please? | Watts Up With That?
Will US Climate Scientists All Move to France? Please? | Watts Up With That? (wattsupwiththat.com)