Cross Protection
Coronavirus, Rat
Cross Reactions
Brucellosis: the case for live, attenuated vaccines. (1/192)
(+info)Formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virus vaccine protects a murine model of enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis against disease. (2/192)
(+info)Dengue virus serotype 4, northeastern Peru, 2008. (3/192)
(+info)Pre-existing immunity against swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses in the general human population. (4/192)
(+info)Definition of epitopes and antigens recognized by vaccinia specific immune responses: their conservation in variola virus sequences, and use as a model system to study complex pathogens. (5/192)
(+info)Estimates of the transmissibility of the 1968 (Hong Kong) influenza pandemic: evidence of increased transmissibility between successive waves. (6/192)
(+info)Evaluation of the efficacy and cross-protectivity of recent human and swine vaccines against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection. (7/192)
(+info)Neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1: can we elicit them with vaccines and how much do we need? (8/192)
(+info)Cross-protection is a term used in immunology and vaccinology that refers to the ability of a vaccine or natural infection with one strain of a microorganism (such as a virus or bacteria) to provide protection against other, related strains. This occurs because the immune response elicited by the initial exposure also recognizes and targets certain common features present in the related strains.
In the context of vaccines, cross-protection can be an important factor in designing broadly protective vaccines that can cover multiple strains or serotypes of a pathogen, thus reducing the need for individual vaccines against each strain. However, the degree of cross-protection can vary depending on the specific microorganisms and antigens involved.
It's important to note that cross-protection is not always complete or long-lasting, and additional research may be needed to fully understand its mechanisms and limitations.
A coronavirus that primarily infects rats is called "rat coronavirus." It is a type of virus that belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, which also includes coronaviruses that can infect humans, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Rat coronavirus is closely related to coronaviruses that infect mice and can cause respiratory illness in rats. It is typically transmitted through direct contact with infected rats or their feces and urine. Rat coronavirus infection is not known to spread to humans or other animals outside of laboratory settings.
It's worth noting that the current global pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which is distinct from rat coronavirus and other known coronaviruses that infect animals.
Cross reactions, in the context of medical diagnostics and immunology, refer to a situation where an antibody or a immune response directed against one antigen also reacts with a different antigen due to similarities in their molecular structure. This can occur in allergy testing, where a person who is allergic to a particular substance may have a positive test result for a different but related substance because of cross-reactivity between them. For example, some individuals who are allergic to birch pollen may also have symptoms when eating certain fruits, such as apples, due to cross-reactive proteins present in both.
Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.
Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.
There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Coral reef protection
Octyl methoxycinnamate
Barnham Cross Common
Cross Timbers
Transnational child protection
Cross Lough
Cross-laminated timber
Wells Fargo cross-selling scandal
Gravelly Hill railway station
Comparison of online backup services
Freedom of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services in the European Union
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Interstate 75 in Florida
Wooden spoon
Acid Rain Program
Cross-State Air Pollution Rule
Cossack cross
Gaza-Israel conflict
International Committee of the Red Cross
Neutron emission
Calumet (East Chicago)
Double check valve
Suicide attack
Emissions trading
Qassam rocket
Flinders Chase National Park
Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway
Church of Our Lady of Protection (São Cristóvão)
Protection of Personal Information Act, 2013
Chang Show-foong
Cross Site Request Forgery protection | Django documentation | Django
Cross-Border E-Discovery Meets Data Privacy Protection in the European Union
Frontiers | A New Mechanistic Model for Viral Cross Protection and Superinfection Exclusion
Brute Force Login Protection Cross-Site Scripting (1.5.2) - Vulnerabilities - Acunetix
Protection, Gender & Inclusion (PGI) - Irish Red Cross
Cross-Border Banking: Comprehensive Protection | Hang Seng Bank
Protection Features, DC Power Sequencing, Cross-Load Tests and Infrared Images - Cooler Master V750 Gold V2 Power Supply Review...
Find Top Owens Cross Roads, AL Asset Protection Lawyers Near You | LawInfo Attorney Directory
TOWER PROTECTION | Safety Barriers | Cross Group
Write Review for Continental Cross King 26" ProTection MTB Tire
Authors' response to the letter to the editor entitled: Co-circulation of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses and cross...
Proposed Consensus Policy on Protections for Certain Red Cross and Red Crescent Names in All Generic Top-Level Domains
Continental Cross King Protection 27.5-inch Tubeless - West Hill Shop | Putney, Vermont
Continental Cross King ProTection 26-inch Tubeless - MOAB BIKE SHOP
Google's New Cross-Account Protection Feature Is Designed To Stop Hacks From Spreading To Other Apps
July 2004: Red Cross Report, U.S. Military abuse at Guantanamo "tantamount to torture" - Alliance for Human Research Protection
Continental Cross King Protection 29-inch Tubeless - American Cyclery | San Francisco, CA | Bike Shop
Continental Cross King ProTection 26-inch Tubeless - Spoke Folk Cyclery | Healdsburg, CA
Continental Cross King Protection 29-inch Tubeless - New Moon Ski & Bike | Hayward, WI
Calculator for the Out-of-Network Consumer Protection, Transparency, Cost Containment and Accountability Act - Horizon Blue...
Guardian Fall Protection Cross Arm Strap 6Ft W/Loop End - White Cap
The ICRC and the protection of prisoners of war: highlights from the ICRC Library's collections (CROSS-files Blog) | Society of...
Continental Cross King Protection 27.5-inch Tubeless - Bert's Bikes & Fitness
Continental Cross King ProTection 27.5-inch Tubeless - The Cyclepath | Danforth
Continental Cross King ProTection 27.5-inch Tubeless - Newmarket, Ontario 905-853-9545
Social protection 'key policy tool' in battle against climate impacts - Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre
Continental Cross King 26" ProTection MTB Tire [0101483]
Anticipatory shock-responsive social protection trialled as part of Nigeria flood response - Red Cross Red Crescent Climate...
At-Large Workspace: Proposed Consensus Policy on Protections for Certain Red Cross and Red Crescent Names in All Generic Top...
BlackChili2
- Its ProTection tubeless ready insert helps prevent punctures while BlackChili compound delivers grip and longevity. (biketiresdirect.com)
- Featuring tacky grip and minimal rolling resistance thanks to its BlackChili compound, the Cross King balances high levels of traction with low rolling resistance, making it uniquely suited to cross-country racing as a rear tire. (westernbikeworks.com)
20231
- On 26 April 2023 , the World IP Day, a conference "Protection of IP content: cross-industry cooperation" took place, gathering renowned panellists and speakers. (iccpolska.pl)
20185
- On May 25, 2018, the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) goes into effect, governing the search, preservation, collection, review, and processing of EU personal data in the EU and the forwarding (onward transfer) of such data out of the EU. (americanbar.org)
- and 0018/EN 262 (adopted Feb. 8, 2018) (WP 262). (americanbar.org)
- The 2018 Cross King 26" ProTection MTB Tire features a zig-zagging center knob pattern with closer-spaced jagged knobs along the sides, ideal for cornering and gaining speed on a range of surfaces, from dry hardpack to wet and loose. (biketiresdirect.com)
- In September 2018, the GNSO Council voted to approve all the recommendations from its reconvened Policy Development Process (PDP) Working Group relating to second level protections for certain full names associated with the International Red Cross Movement and Red Cross National Societies. (icann.org)
- Total Cookie Protection was designed as an upgrade to Enhanced Tracking Protection (ETP) that Mozilla introduced back in 2018. (gadgets360.com)
Crescent3
- This proposed Consensus Policy, if adopted, will supplement the previously-adopted Consensus Policy by which the specific terms Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Lion & Sun and Red Crystal were withheld from delegation in the 2012 New gTLD Program at both the top and second levels. (icann.org)
- Climate Centre Director Maarten van Aalst said the newly expanded commitment to forecast-based financing from both the UN and Red Cross Red Crescent systems, alongside the humanitarian 'Grand Bargain' forged at the World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul, was also encouraging for the future of social protection. (climatecentre.org)
- It was only the second time such an exercise involving the Red Cross Red Crescent has been carried out anywhere in the world, after a similar intervention in Nepal last year, again supported by the European Commission. (climatecentre.org)
20171
- In May 2017, the GNSO Council voted to reconvene its 2012-2013 PDP Working Group on IGO-INGO Protections in All gTLDs, following additional community discussions on the topic of appropriate second level protections for the names of the Red Cross International Movement and Red Cross National Societies. (icann.org)
Climate Centre2
- Neither climate mitigation nor adaptation is moving fast enough, argues Cecilia Costella, who works in social protection with the Climate Centre, a BRACED partner, and there is "a need for systems that can respond predictably and effectively to protect the most vulnerable when shocks hit. (climatecentre.org)
- The pilot is part of a programme on flood-related shock-responsive social protection supported by the European Commission and implemented by the NRC in partnership with UNICEF, the IFRC and the Climate Centre. (climatecentre.org)
Criteria1
- they had been selected by the Red Cross using social criteria such as existing poverty, gender, number of children, disability, and vulnerable elderly. (climatecentre.org)
Prevention1
- Protection, Prevention or Punishment? (bvsalud.org)
GDPR4
- The GDPR provides for a data controller with responsibility and liability for ensuring and demonstrating that appropriate data-protection safeguards have been instituted, including with respect to an onward transfer of EU personal data to a third party. (americanbar.org)
- A more complete and authoritative analysis of cross-border e-discovery is contained in publications by the Sedona Conference and the EU Article 29 Working Party (WP), which will become the European Data Protection Board under the GDPR. (americanbar.org)
- The Sedona Conference's International Litigation Principles envisions a three-stage approach to avoid or minimize conflicts between U.S. discovery obligations and the GDPR: (1) a stipulation or protective order to extend special protections to EU personal data, (2) phased discovery to permit time to implement further data-protec-tion processes, and (3) a legitimization plan to max-imize compliance with the GDPR and U.S. discovery obligations. (americanbar.org)
- Advising a global eLerning and online training/ education provider on setting up their AI driven business across the MENA region involving corss boarder data transfers and GDPR and local data protection law compliance. (techlegis.com)
Punctures1
- ProTection layer prevents punctures, tears, or slits on the trail. (westernbikeworks.com)
Regulation1
- The Potential Impact of Article 48 of the General Data Protection Regulation on Cross Border Discovery from the United States , 17 Sedona Conf. (americanbar.org)
Exposure2
- Prospective studies are needed to fully assess the risk of dengue infection after exposure to Zika and chikungunya viruses and to determine whether the supposed cross-protection is long-lasting. (paho.org)
- Workers reported wearing their hearing protection on average 73.9% of the time in a high noise environment (mean 8-hour time-weighted average noise exposure 85.5 dBA, range 65-103 dBA). (cdc.gov)
Https2
- The GAC had provided clarification following the completion of the GNSO PDP, via its March 2014 Singapore Communique, on the finite scope of the specific list of Movement names for which permanent protections were being requested ( https://gacweb.icann.org/download/attachments/28278854/Final%20Communique%20-%20Singapore%202014.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1397225538000&api=v2 ). (icann.org)
- https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/COVID19Guidance.aspx. (who.int)
Applicable2
- Only applicable to some of the medical protection plans offered by Hang Seng Bank. (hangseng.com)
- The Wita® Universal Capture Container is universally applicable and designed for the WitaTrap® Multi Funnel Trap and Wita®Prall Cross-vane panel Trap. (witasek.com)
Immunity2
- Although temporary associations do not prove causation, the strength and consistency of the observations suggest that infections with Zika virus and chikungunya virus could induce cross-protective immunity against dengue. (paho.org)
- New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)
Anticipatory2
- Social protection programmes can build people's "anticipatory, adaptive and absorptive" capacity to resist climate shocks and disasters, according to a new paper from the UK-supported BRACED programme. (climatecentre.org)
- At the end of July, the IFRC's Disaster Relief Emergency Fund also issued a grant worth nearly 140,000 Swiss francs for anticipatory action assisting 35,000 people in five states: Anambra, Cross River, Kebbi, Kogi and Ondo. (climatecentre.org)
Prisoners3
- After a month long inspection of Guantanamo Bay prison, the International Committee of the Red Cross issued a report charging that American military intentionally used psychological and sometimes physical coercion "tantamount to torture" on prisoners. (ahrp.org)
- The Red Cross report indicated that prisoners learned from their interrogators that their medical histories were known to them. (ahrp.org)
- In 1929, the adoption of this first multilateral treaty entirely dedicated to the protection of prisoners of war (POW) filled an important gap in the international legal framework and crystallized a major shift in the way prisoners of war were perceived, fully recognizing them as 'humanitarian subjects. (archivists.org)
Mechanisms2
- Recent investigations in our labs, by analyzing the whole-plant dynamics of a turnip crinkle virus (TCV) population, coupled with cell biological interrogation of individual TCV variants, revealed possible novel mechanisms for cross protection and the closely related process of superinfection exclusion (SIE). (frontiersin.org)
- Social protection mechanisms can not only protect people affected by sudden shocks but also help manage long-term risks, especially if we make them more climate-smart. (climatecentre.org)
Tire3
- Continental's Cross King is a first-class competition and trail tire combining safe cornering grip with fast rolling characteristics. (westhillshop.com)
- The Continental Cross King ProTection MTB Tire is a fast-rolling tire intended for cross-country racing and riding, yet durable and reliable enough for trail riding as well. (westernbikeworks.com)
- Fast-rolling tire for cross-country racing or riding. (westernbikeworks.com)
Partial1
- [ 1 ] Childhood smallpox vaccination has been shown to provide partial protection against mpox, both in preventing monkeypox virus infection and severe mpox, in studies of earlier mpox outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [ 2 ] and the United States. (medscape.com)
Generate1
- From the virologic point of view, the possibility has been raised that the co-circulation of the three viruses could generate cross-protection between the three alphaviruses. (paho.org)
Infection2
- Conversely, they could have residual protection from childhood smallpox vaccination against monkeypox virus infection and severe mpox, as has been suggested by investigation of some previous mpox outbreaks. (medscape.com)
- therefore, they might be less susceptible to monkeypox virus infection as a result of cross-protection. (medscape.com)
Severe1
- Plants pre-infected with a mild variant of a virus frequently become protected against more severe variants of the same virus through the cross protection phenomenon first discovered in 1929. (frontiersin.org)
Humanitarian3
- The humanitarian Red Cross team included experienced medical personnel who asserted that some doctors and other medical workers at Guantanamo were participating in planning for interrogations, in what the report called "a flagrant violation of medical ethics. (ahrp.org)
- Social protection and safety nets can play an important role in protecting poor and vulnerable people from climate impacts, reducing vulnerability, and ultimately helping to address the humanitarian consequences of extreme events and climate change. (climatecentre.org)
- The Nigerian Red Cross in central Kaduna city earlier this week completed a humanitarian cash distribution triggered by a local forecast to beneficiaries from 5,000 households which had been registered in May as vulnerable to floods. (climatecentre.org)
Closely1
- While a unified mechanistic understanding of cross protection remains elusive, it is important to note that similar superinfection exclusion (SIE) effect can be induced by symptomatic - in place of mild - virus isolates as well, as long as the primary and superinfecting viruses are genetically closely related. (frontiersin.org)
Resistance1
- You're protected with excellent puncture resistance thanks to a continuous ProTection TubelessReady insert from end to end. (westhillshop.com)
Special1
- Because you were referred by Crossed Star Firearms, you have access to a special discounted rate! (firearmslegal.com)
Proactive1
- Importantly, if data subjects proactively furnish personal data through international phone calls, international emails, international real-time communications and cross-border transactions via the Internet (and via other proactive conduct), the consent of such data subjects shall be deemed to have been obtained. (dataprotectionreport.com)
Observations1
- Our goal is to advocate an unorthodox explanation to cross protection, SIE, and other related observations by proposing a new model that invokes SIE as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for maintaining viral genome integrity. (frontiersin.org)
Vulnerability3
- WordPress Plugin Brute Force Login Protection is prone to a cross-site scripting vulnerability because it fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input. (acunetix.com)
- Cross-account protection is meant to remedy that vulnerability by effectively linking account security using the Google Sign-In authentication service. (buzzfeednews.com)
- Social protection programmes that take climate risks into account and are adaptive or responsive or both help reduce vulnerability, Costella argues. (climatecentre.org)
Forecast-based1
- The forecast-based trigger for the social-protection exercise was activated locally on 2 August and showed an elevated flood risk that continues in parts of Kaduna city, the capital of Kaduna state. (climatecentre.org)
Data Protection5
- The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Société Nationale Industrielle Aérospatiale v. U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa , 482 U.S. 522, 543-44 (1987), that foreign data-protection laws cannot be used to limit the scope of U.S. discovery. (americanbar.org)
- Pertinent Sedona Conference publications include International Principles on Discovery, Disclosure & Data Protection in Civil Litigation (transitional ed. (americanbar.org)
- and Practical In-House Approaches for Cross-Border Discovery & Data Protection (public cmt. (americanbar.org)
- Privacy and data protection experts embedded within the different operational areas work with their colleagues to build privacy and data protection into product offerings from the start. (radarfirst.com)
- So, we've collaborated to provide scripting, and we've trained staff to answer questions customers are likely to ask about privacy or data protection issues related to each particular transaction. (radarfirst.com)
Vulnerable2
- Kaduna residents registered as vulnerable to floods line up this week to receive a cash grant from the Nigerian Red Cross triggered by a flood forecast. (climatecentre.org)
- UNHCR is also advocating to governments to ensure refugees are included in any emergency social protection schemes, while also exploring possibilities to provide the most vulnerable with one-off cash assistance to help meet basic needs. (who.int)
Substantial2
- However, network operators are still required to conduct re-assessments where there are substantial changes to a cross-border data transfer or material security incidents. (dataprotectionreport.com)
- Right now, Crossed Star Firearms is offering a substantial savings on legal protection for self-defense from Firearms Legal Protection. (firearmslegal.com)
Policy1
- Social protection is a "key policy tool" that can help communities manage risks to livelihoods and well-being, including climate shocks, it argues. (climatecentre.org)
Attacks1
- Everything else is blocked which makes it a good protection against cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. (lu.se)
Additional1
- In February, he signaled that he would sign the bill, which does not add any additional protections to Sisolak's executive order. (yourbigsky.com)
Emergency1
- New Jersey has a law, the Out-of-Network Consumer Protection, Transparency, Cost Containment and Accountability Act (the "Act"), to help protect you from surprise bills, including bills for emergency services from doctors, hospitals and other health care professionals who are not in your health plan's network (also called out-of-network providers ). (horizonblue.com)
Social2
- Increasing people's resilience through social protection was compiled as this month's 'Resilience Intel' from BRACED on climate information and services, and produced by the Overseas Development Institute , the leading UK-based think tank. (climatecentre.org)
- The photo illustrates the May 'Resilience Intel' report from BRACED on social protection. (climatecentre.org)
Features1
- Check out our PSUs 101 article to learn more about PSU protection features. (tomshardware.com)
Health3
- Working together to prepare for outbreaks before they occur means smaller or less outbreaks, money saved-and most importantly-lives protected from these threats," says Michael Mahar PhD, lead for the Global Health Security Agenda Team for the Division of Global Health Protection at CDC. (cdc.gov)
- In this age of widespread international travel and commerce, an infectious disease can spread across the globe as fast as a 757-jet can fly-in as little as 8-36 hours-long before symptoms even begin," says Kashef Ijaz, MD, MPH, Principal Deputy Director for the Division of Global Health Protection at CDC. (cdc.gov)
- The interventions are divided into those that are within the immediate remit of the ministry of health, and those that come under other sectors or are cross-sectoral. (who.int)
Viruses1
- At the molecular level, the genomes of superinfecting viruses are all but undetectable in most of the cross-protected plants, suggesting a failure of cellular entry or multiplication by the superinfectors (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
Continental4
- Vul hier jouw e-mailadres in en ontvang een voorstel voor Continental Cross King Protection 2.2. (lxservice.be)
- Continental Cross King banden zijn de opvolgers van de X king banden. (lxservice.be)
- In this entry we are going to compare and review Continental Mountain King ProTection vs Michelin PROTEK CROSS tyres. (bikender.com)
- Whilst Continental Mountain King ProTection is better for Mountainbike Tires activities, Michelin PROTEK CROSS is a great choice if your needs are more aligned to city activities. (bikender.com)
Start1
- Your protections could start today. (firearmslegal.com)
Support1
- We use polymer resin as support and protection and are able to produce cross-sections both perpendicular to and parallel with the substrate surface with minimal damage. (lu.se)
Service1
- A new cross-account protection (CAP) protocol is designed to send and receive security signals about user accounts, so that a breach on one service is less likely to allow an attacker to daisy-chain their way into that person's account on another. (buzzfeednews.com)
Important2
- Despite its widespread use in managing important plant virus diseases, the mechanism of cross protection remains poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
- We have just received a revised draft of the Measures on Security Assessment of Cross-border Data Transfer of Personal Information and Important Data ( Measures ). (dataprotectionreport.com)
List1
- AP) - Nevada's Joe Lombardo on Tuesday became one of the first Republican governors to enshrine protections for out-of-state abortion patients and in-state providers, adding the western swing state to the list of those passing new laws to solidify their status as safe havens for abortion patients. (yourbigsky.com)