Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.
The presence of an infectious agent on instruments, prostheses, or other inanimate articles.
The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.
International collective of humanitarian organizations led by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter and the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross Movement, to provide relief to victims of disaster and help people prevent, prepare for, and respond to emergencies.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.
Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain (EARACHE), fever, HEARING DISORDERS, and VERTIGO. Inflammation of the external ear is OTITIS EXTERNA; of the middle ear, OTITIS MEDIA; of the inner ear, LABYRINTHITIS.
Pain in the ear.
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.
The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.
The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.

Fatal Serratia marcescens meningitis and myocarditis in a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. (1/5242)

Serratia marcescens is commonly isolated from the urine of patients with an indwelling urinary catheter and in the absence of symptoms is often regarded as a contaminant. A case of fatal Serratia marcescens septicaemia with meningitis, brain abscesses, and myocarditis discovered at necropsy is described. The patient was an 83 year old man with an indwelling urinary catheter who suffered from several chronic medical conditions and from whose urine Serratia marcescens was isolated at the time of catheterisation. Serratia marcescens can be a virulent pathogen in particular groups of patients and when assessing its significance in catheter urine specimens, consideration should be given to recognised risk factors such as old age, previous antibiotic treatment, and underlying chronic or debilitating disease, even in the absence of clinical symptoms.  (+info)

Role of schools in the transmission of measles in rural Senegal: implications for measles control in developing countries. (2/5242)

Patterns of measles transmission at school and at home were studied in 1995 in a rural area of Senegal with a high level of vaccination coverage. Among 209 case children with a median age of 8 years, there were no deaths, although the case fatality ratio has previously been 6-7% in this area. Forty percent of the case children had been vaccinated against measles; the proportion of vaccinated children was higher among secondary cases (47%) than among index cases (33%) (prevalence ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.76). Vaccinated index cases may have been less infectious than unvaccinated index cases, since they produced fewer clinical cases among exposed children (relative risk = 0.55, 95% CI 0.29-1.04). The secondary attack rate was lower in the schools than in the homes (relative risk = 0.31, 95% CI 0.20-0.49). The school outbreaks were protracted, with 4-5 generations of cases being seen in the two larger schools. Vaccine efficacy was found to be 57% (95% CI -23 to 85) in the schools and 74% (95% CI 62-82) in the residential compounds. Measles infection resulted in a mean of 3.8 days of absenteeism per case, though this did not appear to have an impact on the children's grades. Among the index cases, 56% of children were probably infected by neighbors in the community, and 7% were probably infected at health centers, 13% outside the community, and 24% in one of the three schools which had outbreaks during the epidemic. However, most of the school-related cases occurred at the beginning and therefore contributed to the general propagation of the epidemic. To prevent school outbreaks, it may be necessary to require vaccination prior to school entry and to revaccinate children in individual schools upon detection of cases of measles. Multidose measles vaccination schedules will be necessary to control measles in developing countries.  (+info)

Risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii: a case-control study of adult burn patients. (3/5242)

Risk factors for Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection (BSI) were studied in patients with severe thermal injury in a burn intensive care unit where A. baumannii was endemic. Of 367 patients hospitalized for severe thermal injury during the study period, 29 patients with nosocomial A. baumannii BSI were identified (attack rate, 7.9%). Cases were compared with 58 matched controls without A. baumannii BSI. The overall mortality rate was 31% among cases and 14% among controls; only two deaths (7%) were considered directly related to A. baumannii BSI. Molecular typing of A. baumannii blood isolates by means of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of three different strain types. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P = .027), total body surface area burn of > 50% (P = .016), prior nosocomial colonization with A. baumannii at a distant site (P = .0002), and use of hydrotherapy (P = .037) were independently associated with the acquisition of A. baumannii BSI in burn patients. These data underscore the need for effective infection control measures for this emerging nosocomial problem.  (+info)

Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: 59 prospectively identified cases with follow-up. (4/5242)

Fifty-nine consecutive patients with definite Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) by the Duke criteria were prospectively identified at our hospital over a 3-year period. Twenty-seven (45.8%) of the 59 patients had hospital-acquired S. aureus bacteremia. The presumed source of infection was an intravascular device in 50.8% of patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed evidence of IE in 20 patients (33.9%), whereas transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed evidence of IE in 48 patients (81.4%). The outcome for patients was strongly associated with echocardiographic findings: 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients with vegetations visualized by TTE had an embolic event or died of their infection vs. five (16.7%) of 30 patients whose vegetations were visualized only by TEE (P < .01). Most patients with S. aureus IE developed their infection as a consequence of a nosocomial or intravascular device-related infection. TEE established the diagnosis of S. aureus IE in many instances when TTE was nondiagnostic. Visualization of vegetations by TTE may provide prognostic information for patients with S. aureus IE.  (+info)

Optimizing aminoglycoside therapy for nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria. (5/5242)

Nosocomial pneumonia is a notable cause of morbidity and mortality and leads to increases in lengths of hospital stays and institutional expenditures. Aminoglycosides are used to treat patients with these infections, but few data on the doses and schedules required to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes exist. We analyzed aminoglycoside treatment data for 78 patients with nosocomial pneumonia to determine if optimization of aminoglycoside pharmacodynamic parameters results in a more rapid therapeutic response (defined by outcome and days to leukocyte count resolution and temperature resolution). Cox proportional hazards, Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data. By all analyses, the first measured maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax)/MIC predicted days to temperature resolution and the second measured Cmax/MIC predicted days to leukocyte count resolution. For days to temperature resolution and leukocyte count resolution, CART analyses produced breakpoints, with an 89% success rate at 7 days of therapy for a Cmax/MIC of > 4.7 and an 86% success rate at 7 days of therapy for a Cmax/MIC of > 4.5, respectively. Logistic regression analyses predicted a 90% probability of temperature resolution and leukocyte count resolution by day 7 if a Cmax/MIC of > or = 10 is achieved within the first 48 h of aminoglycoside therapy. Aggressive aminoglycoside dosing immediately followed by individualized pharmacokinetic monitoring would ensure that Cmax/MIC targets are achieved early in therapy. This would increase the probability of a rapid therapeutic response for pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria and potentially decreasing durations of parenteral antibiotic therapy, lengths of hospitalization, and institutional expenditures, a situation in which both the patient and the institution benefit.  (+info)

Efficacy of sulbactam alone and in combination with ampicillin in nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii. (6/5242)

From March 1995 to March 1997, sulbactam was prospectively evaluated in patients with non-life-threatening multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. During this period, 47 patients were treated with sulbactam; of them, five were excluded because they had received < or =48 h of sulbactam therapy. A total of 42 patients, 27 males and 15 females with a mean age of 60+/-15 years, were finally evaluated. Infections were as follows: surgical wound, 19; tracheobronchitis, 12; urinary tract, 7; catheter-related bacteraemia, 2; and pneumonia, 2. Eighteen patients received intravenous sulbactam alone (1 g every 8 h) and 24 patients received intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin (1 g:2 g every 8 h) with no major adverse effects. Of the 42 patients, 39 improved or were cured and showed A. baumannii eradication and one patient had persistence of wound infection after 8 days of sulbactam/ampicillin requiring surgical debridement. Two patients died after 3 days of therapy (one of the deaths was attributable to A. baumannii infection). The in-vitro activity of the sulbactam/ampicillin combination was by virtue of the antimicrobial activity exhibited by sulbactam. Killing curves showed that sulbactam was bacteriostatic; no synergy was observed between ampicillin and sulbactam. Our results indicate that sulbactam may prove effective for non-life-threatening A. baumannii infections. Its role in the treatment of severe infections is unknown. However, the current formulation of sulbactam alone may allow its use at higher doses and provide new potential synergic combinations, particularly for those infections by A. baumannii resistant to imipenem.  (+info)

Transmission dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England and Wales. (7/5242)

A simple epidemiological framework for the analysis of the transmission dynamics of hospital outbreaks of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals in England and Wales is presented. Epidemic strains EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 are becoming endemic in hospitals in the United Kingdom, and theory predicts that EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 will reach respective endemic levels of 158 (95% confidence interval [CI], 143-173) and 116 (95% CI, 109-123) affected hospitals with stochastic fluctuations of up to 30 hospitals in each case. An epidemic of VRE is still at an early stage, and the incidence of hospitals newly affected by VRE is growing exponentially at a rate r=0.51/year (95% CI, 0.48-0.54). The likely impact of introducing surveillance policies if action is taken sufficiently early is estimated. Finally, the role of heterogeneity in hospital size is considered: "Super-spreader hospitals" may increase transmission by 40%-132% above the expected mean.  (+info)

Serum is more suitable than whole blood for diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by nested PCR. (8/5242)

PCR assays for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis can be performed either on serum or on whole blood, but results obtained with the two kinds of samples have never been formally compared. Thus we designed a nested PCR assay in which five specific inner pairs of primers were used to amplify specific targets on the rRNA genes of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. glabrata. In vitro, the lower limit of detection of each nested PCR assay was 1 fg of purified DNA from the corresponding Candida species. In rabbits with candidemia of 120 minutes' duration following intravenous (i.v.) injection of 10(8) CFU of C. albicans, the sensitivities of the PCR in serum and whole blood were not significantly different (93 versus 86%). In other rabbits, injected with only 10(5) CFU of C. albicans, detection of candidemia by culture was possible for only 1 min, whereas DNA could be detected by PCR in whole blood and in serum for 15 and 150 min, respectively. PCR was more often positive in serum than in whole blood in 40 culture-negative samples (27 versus 7%; P < 0.05%). Lastly, experiments with rabbits injected i.v. with 20 or 200 microgram of purified C. albicans DNA showed that PCRs were positive in serum from 30 to at least 120 min after injection, suggesting that the clearance of free DNA is slow. These results suggest that serum is the sample of choice, which should be used preferentially over whole blood for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by PCR.  (+info)

Cross infection, also known as cross-contamination, is the transmission of infectious agents or diseases between patients in a healthcare setting. This can occur through various means such as contaminated equipment, surfaces, hands of healthcare workers, or the air. It is an important concern in medical settings and measures are taken to prevent its occurrence, including proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental cleaning and disinfection, and safe injection practices.

Equipment contamination in a medical context refers to the presence of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, on the surfaces of medical equipment or devices. This can occur during use, storage, or transportation of the equipment and can lead to the transmission of infections to patients, healthcare workers, or other individuals who come into contact with the contaminated equipment.

Equipment contamination can occur through various routes, including contact with contaminated body fluids, airborne particles, or environmental surfaces. To prevent equipment contamination and the resulting infection transmission, it is essential to follow strict infection control practices, such as regular cleaning and disinfection of equipment, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper handling and storage of medical devices.

Sterilization, in a medical context, refers to the process of eliminating or removing all forms of microbial life, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores, and any other biological agents from a surface, object, or environment. This is typically achieved through various methods such as heat (using autoclaves), chemical processes, irradiation, or filtration.

In addition, sterilization can also refer to the surgical procedure that renders individuals unable to reproduce. This is often referred to as "permanent contraception" and can be performed through various methods such as vasectomy for men and tubal ligation for women. It's important to note that these procedures are typically permanent and not easily reversible.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Red Cross" is not a medical term per se. It is the name of an international humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education in communities around the world. The Red Cross, along with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other national societies that make up the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, is guided by the Geneva Conventions to protect and assist victims of war and armed conflict.

However, in a broader sense, when people refer to "Red Cross" in a medical context, they might be referring to the American Red Cross or other national societies that provide various health-related services, such as blood donation and transfusion, first aid, CPR and AED training, disaster mental health services, and emergency preparedness education.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

"Otitis" is a general medical term that refers to inflammation or infection in the ear. It can be further classified into different types depending on the part of the ear affected:

1. Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, affects the outer ear and ear canal.
2. Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear.
3. Otitis interna, or labyrinthitis, refers to inflammation of the inner ear.

The symptoms of otitis can vary but often include pain, hearing loss, and discharge. The specific treatment will depend on the type and severity of the otitis.

An earache is defined as a pain or discomfort in the ear. It can occur in either the outer, middle, or inner ear. The pain may be sharp, dull, constant, or intermittent and can vary in intensity from mild to severe. Earaches are often accompanied by other symptoms such as hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and feelings of pressure or fullness in the ear. In some cases, an earache may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, such as an ear infection, swimmer's ear, or a ruptured eardrum. If you are experiencing an earache that is severe or persistent, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional.

Otitis media is an inflammation or infection of the middle ear. It can occur as a result of a cold, respiratory infection, or allergy that causes fluid buildup behind the eardrum. The buildup of fluid can lead to infection and irritation of the middle ear, causing symptoms such as ear pain, hearing loss, and difficulty balancing. There are two types of otitis media: acute otitis media (AOM), which is a short-term infection that can cause fever and severe ear pain, and otitis media with effusion (OME), which is fluid buildup in the middle ear without symptoms of infection. In some cases, otitis media may require medical treatment, including antibiotics or the placement of ear tubes to drain the fluid and relieve pressure on the eardrum.

The ear is the sensory organ responsible for hearing and maintaining balance. It can be divided into three parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna (the visible part of the ear) and the external auditory canal, which directs sound waves toward the eardrum. The middle ear contains three small bones called ossicles that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, and the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance.

The middle ear is the middle of the three parts of the ear, located between the outer ear and inner ear. It contains three small bones called ossicles (the malleus, incus, and stapes) that transmit and amplify sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The middle ear also contains the Eustachian tube, which helps regulate air pressure in the middle ear and protects against infection by allowing fluid to drain from the middle ear into the back of the throat.

Viruses portal Medicine portal Cross-species transmission Reverse zoonosis Epidemic Infection Outbreak List of Legionellosis ... Infection may be via direct interactions between managed and wild bees or via shared flower use and contamination. One study ... Spillover infection, also known as pathogen spillover and spillover event, occurs when a reservoir population with a high ... It is almost certain that the virus originated in bats and crossed species to humans either directly or indirectly via ...
Several pathogens can cross the placenta and cause perinatal infection. Often, microorganisms that produce minor illness in the ... For many infections, the baby is more at risk at particular stages of pregnancy. Problems related to perinatal infection are ... A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child ... The term congenital infection can be used if the vertically transmitted infection persists after childbirth.[citation needed] ...
Malfroot A, Verhaegen J, Dubru JM, Van Kerschaver E, Leyman S (September 2004). "A cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of ... A subclinical infection-sometimes called a preinfection or inapparent infection-is an infection by a pathogen that causes few ... Subclinical infections can occur in both humans and animals. Depending on the pathogen, which can be a virus or intestinal ... Because subclinical infections often occur without eventual overt sign, in some cases their presence is only identified by ...
Infection and immunity. November 2007 vol. 75 no. 11 5079-5084. 2006 Investigator in Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease, ... Identification of a domain within the multifunctional Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin that covalently cross-links actin. PNAS. vol. ...
Exosomes also mediate the cross talk between the embryo and maternal compartment during implantation.They help to exchange ... Infection and Immunity. 86 (2): e00386-17. doi:10.1128/IAI.00386-17. PMC 5778363. PMID 29158431. Kurian, Noble K.; Modi, Deepak ... 2019). "Extracellular vesicle mediated embryo-endometrial cross talk during implantation and in pregnancy". Journal of Assisted ...
... a cross-sectional sample survey in Andaman and Nicobar Islands". Epidemiology and Infection. 131 (2): 985-989. doi:10.1017/ ...
... cross-serotype immunity to pneumococci in mice immunized intranasally with the cell wall polysaccharide". Infection and ... In fungal infection, it has been shown an IL-17 producing clone with a TCR specific for calnexin from Blastomyces dermatitidis ... Both the IL-17RA knock out mice and the IL-23p19 knock out mice cleared primary infection with M. tuberculosis. However, IL-17A ... In contrast, data suggest that IL-23 and IL-17A are not required for protection against primary infection by the intracellular ...
Cross, Alex (1957). "The Supervision of Swimming Pools". Canadian Journal of Public Health. 48 (6): 244-248. ISSN 0008-4263. ... As the quality of urban river water declined, floating baths became a source of infection. Building indoor pools, and the ... The course included Red Cross certification which was conducted by female instructors for both boys and girls. In 1966 and 1967 ... Grierson, A. M. M. (1930). "Observations on the Hygienic Condition of Public Swimming Baths". Epidemiology & Infection. 30 (1 ...
Patients are more prone than healthy people to infections of all types, especially recurrent skin infections with ... which cross the placenta but wane by four to six months.[citation needed] List of skin conditions Chao SC, Richard G, Lee JY ( ... This therapy reduces infection; enables improvement and even resolution of the skin and hair abnormalities, and dramatically ... They may have more severe infections; but are not as vulnerable to opportunistic pathogens as patients with true natural killer ...
Pickerill was able to demonstrate that the nurse-mother was crucial in preventing infections as infants avoided cross- ... OCLC 220813251 Pickerill, C.M. and Pickerill, H. P. (1954). "Nursing by the mother and cross-infection". Lancet 267 (6838): 599 ... https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4422.457 Pickerill, H. P. and Pickerill, C. M. (1945). "Elimination of Cross-infection". British ... She successfully demonstrated that care of hospitalised infants by their mothers prevented infections. Cecily Mary Wise ...
Ando Y, Imamura S, Owada MK, Kannagi R (January 1991). "Calcium-induced intracellular cross-linking of lipocortin I by tissue ... The Journal of Infection. 24 (3): 317-320. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151. ...
To prevent post-surgical and cross infection Bassam was the first hospital in New Zealand where all nursing, except during ... OCLC 220813251 Pickerill, C.M. and Pickerill, H. P. (1954). "Nursing by the mother and cross-infection". Lancet 267 (6838): 599 ... https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4422.457 Pickerill, H. P. and Pickerill, C. M. (1945). "Elimination of Cross-infection". British ... While surgeries were undertaken in the hospital the Red Cross Society in June 1919 rented for three years Woodside, the ...
"One more dies of virus in Assam as infection tally crosses 3,000-mark". Devdiscource. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020. " ... "Assam records 1,093 fresh COVID-19 cases; infection tally crosses 25,000-mark". Outlook. Retrieved 21 July 2020. "Highest ... On 8 January 2022, India crossed 1.5 billion Covid vaccines milestone in the country. On 19 February 2022, India crossed 1.75 ... "With 11 more discharged number of recovered patients cross 500 in Assam". way2barak.com. 5 June 2020. "Assam crosses 2400-mark ...
A subunit vaccine using the Hendra G protein was found to produce cross-protective antibodies against both henipavirus and ... A Nipah virus infection is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus. Symptoms from infection vary from none to fever, cough ... Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory infection, seizures and fatal encephalitis. This ... The deaths of 21 schoolchildren due to Nipah virus infection were recorded on 4 February 2011. IEDCR confirmed the infection ...
Women are most susceptible to malaria infection early on in the first trimester but the risk of infection decreases in the ... "Var2CSA DBL6-epsilon domain expressed in HEK293 induces limited cross-reactive and blocking antibodies to CSA binding parasites ... Therefore, infection from P. falciparum is usually associated with no symptoms in pregnant women. However, it is not to ... For infection caused by the other species, which include Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale, the WHO ...
On April 22, 2018, the day after his wife's funeral, Bush was hospitalized with a blood infection. The infection led to sepsis ... So, cross the Bushes off your worry list." On the day of his death, his friend James Baker told Bush that he was going to ... "George H.W. Bush admitted to Houston hospital for blood infection". April 23, 2018. Reporters, Telegraph (April 23, 2018). " ...
This form of disease is characterized by the appearance of lesions at sites distant to the initial infection. Infection can ... Cross reactions with other fungal species as well as positive reactions in healthy individuals have been observed. In addition ... Gardeners, landscapers, and foresters are at high risk of infection. Sporothrix infection can also be transmitted by cat bites ... When infection is disseminated throughout the body, Amphotericin B is the drug of choice. To completely clear the fungus, the ...
Infection with influenza virus itself increases both the risk of death (up to one in ten thousand) and the risk of developing ... A cross-sectional analysis of UK telephone survey data". Vaccine. 29 (13): 2421-28. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.035. PMID ... As well as protecting mother and child from the effects of an influenza infection, the immunization of pregnant women tends to ... Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots, are vaccines that protect against infection by influenza viruses. New versions of ...
Cross-contamination and infection were widespread. The hospital was set up only a few months before Levi's arrival. There had ...
This may give rise to a window of opportunity for infection and reactivation of latent virus infections, but the evidence is ... "Pathogens Cross Protective Barriers to Colonize the Host". Boyton RJ, Openshaw PJ (2002). "Pulmonary defences to acute ... This is "adaptive" because it occurs during the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with that pathogen and ... Thus the immune response to infection may result in changes to the sleep cycle, including an increase in slow-wave sleep ...
As Zika virus infection of pregnant women may result in congenital defects in the newborn, the vaccine will attempt to protect ... Priyamvada, L; Hudson, W; Ahmed, R; Wrammert, J (10 May 2017). "Humoral cross-reactivity between Zika and dengue viruses: ... The goal of a Zika virus vaccine is to produce specific antibodies against the Zika virus to prevent infection and severe ... A Zika virus vaccine is designed to prevent the symptoms and complications of Zika virus infection in humans. ...
Moylan, Elizabeth C.; Kowalczuk, Maria K. (2016). "Why Articles Are Retracted: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of ... Infection and Immunity. 79 (10): 3855-3859. doi:10.1128/IAI.05661-11. PMC 3187237. PMID 21825063. ...
... a randomized cross-over trial". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 28 (12): 1083-1088. doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16) ... GBS infections in adults include urinary tract infection, skin and soft-tissue infection (skin and skin structure infection) ... GBS infections in the mother can cause chorioamnionitis (intra-amniotic infection or severe infection of the placental tissues ... Group B streptococcal infection, also known as Group B streptococcal disease or just Group B strep, is the infection caused by ...
Tanner, J; Parkinson, H (2006). "Double gloving to reduce surgical cross-infection". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... Double gloving is the practice of wearing two layers of medical gloves to reduce the danger of infection from glove failure or ... But it was unclear if there was better protection against infections transmitted by the surgeon. Another systematic review ... Medical gloves are disposable gloves used during medical examinations and procedures to help prevent cross-contamination ...
Objections to admission were sometimes based on pragmatic reasons, e.g. reducing the threat of cross infection from children ... Watkins, A. G.; Lewis-Faning, E. (17 September 1949). "Incidence of Cross-infection in Children's Wards". BMJ. 2 (4628): 616- ... that visits by parents into hospital wards introduced cross infections had been removed. A major review in 1949, over an 11- ... showed that children admitted to 26 wards in 14 hospitals showed no correlation between visits and cross infection from parents ...
Cross Infection, Hebbel am Ufer, Berlin, 2007. Dilemma: Three Way Fork in the Road-Recent Works by Wang Jianwei, Chambers Fine ...
A cross infection and co-infection study". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 150: 101-105. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2017.09.014. PMID ... Triatoma virus infection leads to a 97.6% mortality rate in nymphs and inhibited molting in laboratory colonies. TrV causes ... "Can Triatoma virus inhibit infection of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas,1909 ) in Triatoma infestans (Klug)? ...
Cross-infection between babies was greatly feared. Strict nursing routines involved staff wearing gowns and masks, constant ... SCBU might provide tube-feeding, oxygen therapy, antibiotics to treat infection and phototherapy for jaundice. In a SCBU, a ... Protection from cold temperature, infection, noise, drafts and excess handling: Incubators may be described as bassinets ... However, breathing difficulties, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and infections still claim many infant ...
Cross, Pamela L; Whitworth, James A; Hayes, Richard J (2006). "Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in ... Rabin, Roni Caryn (May 1, 2020). "What Is 'Covid Toe'? Maybe a Strange Sign of Coronavirus Infection". The New York Times. ISSN ... Freeman, Esther E; Weiss, Helen A; Glynn, Judith R; Cross, Pamela L; Whitworth, James A; Hayes, Richard J (2006). "Herpes ... Frostbite' toes and other peculiar rashes may be signs of hidden coronavirus infection, especially in the young". The Seattle ...
"Imported infections make up half of Singapore's 344 new COVID-19 cases". CNA. 31 December 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021. " ... "South Africa's Covid Cases Cross 3 Million Amid Omicron Surge". NDTV. Agence France-Presse. 4 December 2021. Archived from the ... "France faces new records in daily COVID-19 infections". Xinhua News Agency. 8 December 2021. Archived from the original on 9 ... Wong, Shiying (2 December 2021). "1,101 new Covid-19 cases in Singapore; weekly infection rate up slightly at 0.70". The ...
... hospital turned to computer simulation to model the airflow regulated by ventilation systems in a bid to minimise cross- ... and the procedures they have to follow to guard against cross-infection. ... turned to computer simulation to model the airflow regulated by ventilation systems in a bid to minimise cross-infection. * ... ascertain how far they should stay away from another person or patient in the same facility to minimise the risk of infection. ...
Invasive Streptococcal Infection Can Lead to the Generation of Cross-Strain Opsonic Antibodies. *Mark ... The emergence of cross-opsonic antibodies is likely important for long-term immunity against S. pyogenes. Our findings question ... The emergence of cross-opsonic antibodies is likely important for long-term immunity against S. pyogenes. Our findings question ... It is unclear if antibodies developed after infections with this pathogen are opsonic and if they are strain specific or more ...
SARS-CoV-2 infection is milder in children, but direct comparison with adults is rare. Here the authors show that immune ... Therefore, children generate robust, cross-reactive and sustained immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 with focused specificity for ... Importantly, children retained antibody and cellular responses 6 months after infection, whereas relative waning occurred in ... indicating pre-existing cross-reactive responses to seasonal coronaviruses. ...
... the greater the concern of infection. Tanta patients were more concerned about cross infection than other patients. ... Les patients de Tanta étaient davantage préoccupés par les infections croisées que les autres patients. ... et attitudes des patients des consultations dentaires en ce qui concerne les mesures de lutte contre les infections croisées ... The major route of cross infection in dental surgery is via infection through intact skin or mucosa due to accidents involving ...
... women suffering from skin infections and water born diseases as well. ... women suffering from skin infections and water born diseases as well. ... Infections haunt IDP children as displaced number crosses 0.9m. Zahir Shah Sherazi. Published July 12, 2014 ... ARI infections and diarrhea infections but further, the hospital conditions and facilities are inadequate to cope with the ...
... cross-sectional study. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android ... Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Egyptian women using culture and Latex agglutination: ... TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Egyptian women using culture and Latex agglutination: cross- ... Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending a major gynaecological hospital in Greece: a cross-sectional ...
BA.4/5 infection triggers highly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. Cross-reactivity was observed both in the absence of ... SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 infection triggers more cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies than BA.1. Simone I. Richardson, Thopisang ... SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 infection triggers more cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies than BA.1 ... SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 infection triggers more cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies than BA.1 ...
The spout can easily be removed for disinfection to help counter cross infection. These taps also have an anti-bacterial duty ...
... we have shown that these proteins are able to induce immune response and a cross-protection in a murine model of infection by ... There is thus a crucial need to develop cross-protective therapies. By targeting proteins SipD and IpaD belonging respectively ...
... the stiffness of large arteries is mainly associated with traditional risk factors and not to the HIV infection per se. ... HIV infection was not associated with higher aortic stiffness according to our study. In HIV-infected subjects, ... HIV Infection Is Not Associated With Aortic Stiffness. Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are the Main Determinants-Cross- ... Conclusions: HIV infection was not associated with higher aortic stiffness according to our study. In HIV-infected subjects, ...
Risk factors for HIV infection at a large urban emergency department: a cross-sectional study ... Risk factors for HIV infection at a large urban emergency department: a cross-sectional study ... Methods We performed a cross-sectional study that employed a post hoc risk factor analysis of ED patients ≥18 years who were ... Conclusions The study ED services a high-risk population with regard to HIV infection. These data support universal screening ...
31 Mar Commentary: Risk of cross-infection calls for cooperation. Tags:. ASEAN, Asia, Country: China, Topic: COVID-19 ... The risk of cross-infection calls for cooperation across countries. The first priority must be for each government to better ... Cross-learning and assistance would be a further step in cooperation. Chinas efforts to contain the problem in Wuhan, Hubei ... It has been seeing close to zero new domestic cases and instead has to grapple with infections imported from other countries. ...
Risk-taking behaviours and HIV infection among sex workers in Portugal: results from a cross-sectional survey ... Risk-taking behaviours and HIV infection among sex workers in Portugal: results from a cross-sectional survey ... Risk-taking behaviours and HIV infection among sex workers in Portugal: results from a cross-sectional survey ... Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the Sexually Transmitted Infections web site. ...
"Cross-sectional Survey of Hantavirus Infection, Brazil" 15, no. 12 (2009). Limongi, Jean E. et al. "Cross-sectional Survey of ... Title : Cross-sectional Survey of Hantavirus Infection, Brazil Personal Author(s) : Limongi, Jean E.;da Costa, Fabíola C.;Pinto ... 2009). Cross-sectional Survey of Hantavirus Infection, Brazil. 15(12). Limongi, Jean E. et al. " ... A cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted to assess the proportion of persons exposed to hantaviruses in a virus-endemic area ...
If you are looking for a dedicated Cross Infection Control in a dental environment, this online course is for you. Call ... What is Cross Infection Control in Dentistry?. Cross infection control consists of various practices that are put in place to ... What is Cross Infection Control in Dentistry?. Cross infection control consists of various practices that are put in place to ... What are the Causes of Cross Infection Dental?. Like other clinical practice environments, cross infection occurs through the ...
A large percentage of children with RSV infection had pre-existing conditions. Approximately one tenth of the infections were ... RSV group A predominated (n = 181, 80.1 %) while group B accounted for only 45 (19.9 %) of the infections. The ... The median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 2 days (IQR: 1-4 days). Nosocomial infections wereidentified in 22 ... There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between the nosocomial and community-acquired RSV infections. ...
Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Muenchen Infections Linked to Contact with Pet Crested Geckos ... Dont cross-contaminate! You dont have to touch a reptile or amphibian to get sick from their germs.. *Be aware that any ... Salmonella Infections Linked to Pre-Cut Melon, 2018plus icon *Salmonella Infections Linked to Pre-Cut Melon en Español ... Salmonella Infections Linked to Pet Guinea Pigs, 2018plus icon *Salmonella Infections Linked to Pet Guinea Pigs en Español ...
Home , Bloodborne virus infections among drug users in Ireland: a retrospective cross-sectional survey of screening, prevalence ... Grogan, Loretto and Tiernan, Mary and Geoghegan, Noreen and Smyth, Bobby P and Keenan, Eamon (2005) Bloodborne virus infections ... METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of clients attending 21 specialist addiction treatment clinics in one health board area in ... The incidence of HCV, HBV and HIV infections were: 24.5, 9.0 and 3.4 per hundred person years respectively. Eighty-one per cent ...
When lockdown policies amplify social inequalities in COVID-19 infections. Evidence from a cross-sectional population-based ... When lockdown policies amplify social inequalities in COVID-19 infections. Evidence from a cross-sectional population-based ... When lockdown policies amplify social inequalities in COVID-19 infections. Evidence from a cross-sectional population-based ... When lockdown policies amplify social inequalities in COVID-19 infections. Evidence from a cross-sectional population-based ...
Is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection A Cross-sectional Study on 180 ... title = "Is Bacille Calmette-Gu{\e}rin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection?: A Cross-sectional ... Is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection?: A Cross-sectional Study on 180 ... Is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection?: A Cross-sectional Study on 180 ...
Control of hospital infection : a practical handbook / edited by G. A. J. Ayliffe ... [et al.] by Ayliffe, G. A. J. ... Hospital-acquired infections : guidelines to laboratory methods / edited by M. T. Parker. by Parker, M. T , World Health ... A Manual on infection control in health facilities. by World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. ... Guide des méthodes de laboratoire applicables aux infections hospitalières / préparé par M. T. Parker. by Parker, M. T , World ...
Clostridium Infections -- prevention & control. Cross Infection -- drug therapy. Cross Infection -- epidemiology. Hospitals. ... Start Over You searched for: Subjects Cross Infection -- drug therapy ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Cross Infection -- drug ... Cross Infection -- prevention & control. Hospitals. Infection control. Outcome Assessment (Health Care) -- trends. Quality ... Catheter-Related Infections -- prevention & control. Cross Infection -- drug therapy. Evidence-Based Medicine. Forecasting. ...
... RGO, Rev. gaúch. ... unless some measures to avoid the cross-infection are applied. Scientific articles have shown that during the radiograph taking ... Also, the literature shows that the existence of infection control protocols is mandatory for dental offices and colleges. The ...
Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for ... Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for ... as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also ... Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which ...
However, the role of such cross-reactive responses in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is currently unclear ... proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by several studies. In particular, regions of high homology between ... we review evidence regarding the impact of pre-existing humoral and T cell immune responses to outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection ... Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...
Download this Damaged Rose Foliage Leaves Are Dying Due To A Fungal Infection Such As Mildew Or Wilt Plant Desease On Roses ... Credit:Martina Cross. Largest size:4000 x 6000 px (13.33 x 20.00 in.) - 300 dpi - RGB ... Damaged rose foliage leaves are dying due to a fungal infection such as mildew or wilt. Plant desease on roses.. ... iStockDamaged Rose Foliage Leaves Are Dying Due To A Fungal Infection Such As Mildew Or Wilt Plant Desease On Roses Stock Photo ...
Infection: Humanitys Last Gasp uses simple mechanics in a multitude of combinations to create engaging, deep gameplay as you ... Title: Infection: Humanitys Last Gasp. Genre: Casual, Strategy. Developer: Criss Cross Games ... Infection: Humanitys Last Gasp uses simple mechanics in a multitude of combinations to create engaging, deep gameplay as you ... Infection: Humanitys Last Gasp uses simple mechanics in a multitude of combinations to create engaging, deep gameplay as you ...
... cross infection. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a ... infection and cross infection?. what are the principles and causes of infection and cross infection. struggling with coursework ... hygiene what is cross infection, direct contact infection, indirect contact infection and secondary infection?. I have just ... FAQ - cross infection. (Powered by Yahoo! Answers). What are the strategies for preventing contamination and cross-infection?. ...

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