Cronobacter. Medical search

A genus of gram-negative opportunistic foodborne pathogens.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus CHRONOBACTER, found in the environment and in foods.

Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.

Liquid formulations for the nutrition of infants that can substitute for BREAST MILK.

The dried seeds, bark, root, stems, buds, leaves, or fruit of aromatic plants used to season food.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

Abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone. Skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with PYRAMIDAL TRACT lesions or BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.

Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by complex contractile tails.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).

A genus of leguminous herbs or shrubs whose roots yield GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID and its derivative, CARBENOXOLONE.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life.

Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)

A species of gram-negative bacteria originally isolated from urethral specimens of patients with non-gonoccocal URETHRITIS. In primates it exists in parasitic association with ciliated EPITHELIAL CELLS in the genital and respiratory tracts.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Factors associated with the definitive onset of a disease, illness, accident, behavioral response, or course of action. Usually one factor is more important or more obviously recognizable than others, if several are involved, and one may often be regarded as "necessary". Examples include exposure to specific disease; amount or level of an infectious organism, drug, or noxious agent, etc.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.

A genus of anaerobic, irregular spheroid-shaped METHANOSARCINALES whose organisms are nonmotile. Endospores are not formed. These archaea derive energy via formation of methane from acetate, methanol, mono-, di-, and trimethylamine, and possibly, carbon monoxide. Organisms are isolated from freshwater and marine environments.

An order of anaerobic methanogens in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. There are two families: METHANOSARCINACEAE and Methanosaetaceae.

A phylum of ARCHAEA comprising at least seven classes: Methanobacteria, Methanococci, Halobacteria (extreme halophiles), Archaeoglobi (sulfate-reducing species), Methanopyri, and the thermophiles: Thermoplasmata, and Thermococci.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Acyltransferases in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups from acyl-CoA to L-carnitine and thereby mediate the transport of activated fatty acids through that membrane. EC 2.3.1.

In Silico identification of pathogenic strains of Cronobacter from Biochemical data reveals association of inositol fermentation with pathogenicity. (1/12)

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Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. (2/12)

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Identification and characterization of Cronobacter iron acquisition systems. (3/12)

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Diversity of the Cronobacter genus as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. (4/12)

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Prevalence and relative risk of Cronobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes associated with the body surfaces and guts of individual filth flies. (5/12)

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Prevention of invasive Cronobacter infections in young infants fed powdered infant formulas. (6/12)

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Multiplex PCR assay targeting a diguanylate cyclase-encoding gene, cgcA, to differentiate species within the genus Cronobacter. (7/12)

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Comparative analysis of genome sequences covering the seven cronobacter species. (8/12)

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... has been shown to be critical to the entry of Cronobacter sakazakii across the intestinal epithelium as well as ... "Cronobacter spp. (previously Enterobacter sakazakii) invade and translocate across both cultured human intestinal epithelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcytosis

"Learn About Cronobacter". 2017-04-10. Retrieved 26 July 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_and_toddler_safety

... pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb ... nov., respectively, and emended description of the genera Enterobacter and Cronobacter. 2013". Systematic and Applied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacter_cowanii

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralibacter_gergoviae

Anybody can get sick from Cronobacter, but the infection occurs most often in infants. Cronobacter infections are rare, but ... Cronobacter infections can be prevented by: Breastfeeding. This is one of the best things that can do for the infant's health, ... Cronobacter, formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is a group of bacteria that can be found in the environment. The germs ... Reports Cronobacter infections among infants who were fed only breast milk and no formula or other foods are rare. Cleaning, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_food_safety

The cold chain is used in the supply of vaccines to distant clinics in hot climates served by poorly developed transport networks. Disruption of a cold chain due to war may produce consequences similar to the smallpox outbreaks in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War, during which the distributed vaccines were inert due to lack of temperature control in transport.[12] For vaccinations in particular, there are different types of cold chains. There is an ultralow, or deep freeze, cold chain for vaccines that require -70 degrees C. The Ebola and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines require this level, as do some animal vaccinations, such as those for chickens. Next the frozen chain requires -20 degrees C. Varicella and zoster vaccinations require this level. Then the refrigerated chain, which requires temperatures between two and eight degrees C. Most flu vaccinations only require refrigeration.[13] In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines being developed may need ultracold storage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chain

... is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.[2][3][4][5] Enterobacteriaceae includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Shigella. Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include Enterobacter and Citrobacter. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can be trivially referred to as enterobacteria or "enteric bacteria",[6] as several members live in the intestines of animals. In fact, the etymology of the family is enterobacterium with the suffix to designate a family (aceae)-not after the genus Enterobacter (which would be "Enterobacteraceae")-and the type genus is Escherichia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacteria

Water is necessary for life under all its forms presently known on Earth. Without water, microbial activity is not possible. Even if some micro-organisms can be preserved in the dry state (e.g., after freeze-drying), their growth is not possible without water. Micro-organisms also require sufficient space to develop. In highly compacted bentonite and deep clay formations, microbial activity is limited by the lack of space and the transport of nutrients towards bacteria and the elimination of toxins produced by their metabolism is controlled by diffusion in the pore water. So, "space and water restrictions" are two limiting factors of the microbial activity in deep sediments.[11] Early biotic diagenesis of sediments just below the ocean floor driven by microbial activity (e.g., of sulfate reducing bacteria) end up when the degree of compaction becomes too important to allow microbial life development.[12] At the surface of planets and in their atmosphere, space restrictions do not apply, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_activity

The substance must be shown to be "generally recognized" as safe under the conditions of its intended use. For new proposals, the proponent of the exemption has the burden of providing rigorous scientific evidence that use of the substance in an edible consumer product is "generally recognized" as safe.[4] To establish GRAS, the proponent - usually a food manufacturer, ingredient supplier, or manufacturer - must show that there is a consensus of expert opinion that the substance is safe for its intended use.[4] For existing GRAS items, new uses should not substantially exceed historical occurrence levels of the substance in the diet. For example, hydrochloric acid is listed as GRAS, but this does not allow a manufacturer to claim that pure hydrochloric acid is fit for human consumption. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe

Recognition of food safety issues and attempts to address them began after Upton Sinclair published the novel The Jungle in 1906. It was a fictional account of the lives of immigrants in the industrial cities in the US around this time. Sinclair spent nine months undercover as an employee in a Chicago meat plant doing research. The book inadvertently raised public concern about food safety and sanatization of the Chicago meat packing industry. Upon reading The Jungle, President Theodore Roosevelt called on Congress to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA), which passed in 1906 and 1907 respectively.[36] These laws were the first to address food safety in the US Misbranding and adulteration were defined as they concerned food additives and truth in labeling. Food preservatives such as formaldehyde and borax used to disguise unsanitary production processes were also addressed. The first test and major court battle involving the Pure Food and Drug Act was United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_cooking_hygiene

The danger zone is the temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow. Food safety agencies, such as the United States' Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSiIS), define the danger zone as roughly 40 to 140 °F (4 to 60 °C).[1][2][3] The FSIS stipulates that potentially hazardous food should not be stored at temperatures in this range in order to prevent foodborne illness (for example, a refrigerator's temperature must be kept below 4 °C (40 °F)[4]), and that food that remains in this zone for more than two hours should not be consumed.[5] Foodborne microorganisms grow much faster in the middle of the zone, at temperatures between 21 and 47 °C (70 and 117 °F).[6] Food-borne bacteria, in large enough numbers, may cause food poisoning, symptoms similar to gastroenteritis or "stomach flu" (a misnomer, as true influenza primarily affects the respiratory system). Some of the symptoms include stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.[7] Food-borne illness becomes more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_zone_

Cronobacter sakazakii , 6.7 at 67.5 °C (153.5 °F). *Listeria monocytogenes , 6.9 at 65.5 °C (149.9 °F) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurized_milk

2011). "Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a novel species ... 2009). "Multilocus sequence typing of Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus reveals stable clonal structures with ... The Cronobacter MLST scheme uses 7 alleles; atpD, fusA, glnS, gltB, gyrB, infB and ppsA giving a concatenated sequence of 3036 ... The genus Cronobacter is composed of 7 species. Before 2007, the single species name Enterobacter sakazakii was applied to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilocus_sequence_typing

Escherichia coli is one of the most important model organisms, and its genetics and biochemistry have been closely studied. Some enterobacteria are important pathogens, e.g. Salmonella, or Shigella e.g. because they produce endotoxins. Endotoxins reside in the cell wall and are released when the cell dies and the cell wall disintegrates. Some members of the Enterobacteriaceae produce endotoxins that, when released into the bloodstream following cell lysis, cause a systemic inflammatory and vasodilatory response. The most severe form of this is known as endotoxic shock, which can be rapidly fatal. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacteriaceae

Cronobacter phage vB CsaP GAP227 Species: Cronobacter phage vB CsaP GAP227 Yersinia phage phiR8-01 Yersinia phage phi80-18 ... "The Genome of Cronobacter sakazakii Bacteriophage vB_CsaP_GAP227 Suggests a New Genus within the Autographivirinae". Genome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podoviridae

... and other Enterobacter hormaechei misidentified as Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii. Microbiology. 154, 3659-3667 (2008). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacter_cloacae

Cronobacter sakazakii is a food borne pathogen causing meningitis in neonates and was shown to bind fibronectin via OmpA and ... Nair MK, Venkitanarayanan K, Silbart LK, Kim KS (May 2009). "Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Cronobacter sakazakii binds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OmpA-like_transmembrane_domain

Cronobacter: Cronos (Κρόνος), in Greco-Roman mythology leader of the Titans who swallowed each of his children as soon as they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bacterial_genera_named_after_mythological_figures

... due to infection with Cronobacter sakazakii and other microorganisms that can be introduced to PIF during its production. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula

Horizontal method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. ISO/TR 22971:2005 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_standards,_22000-23999

Cronobacter sakazakii, Shigella sonnei, Kluyvera species, Citrobacter species, and Raoultella ornithinolytica. The mechanism of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCR-1

Biostraticola (2008) Buttiauxella (1982) Cedecea (1981) Citrobacter (1932) Cronobacter (2008) Enterobacillus (2015) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacteriaceae

... such as Citrobacter koseri and Cronobacter sakazakii for example. Ultrasounds are useful for early imaging to determine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_meningitis

Cronobacter (2008) Dickeya (2005) Edwardsiella (1965) Enterobacillus (2015) Enterobacter (1960) Erwinia (1920) Escherichia ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacterales

Crohivirus A Crohivirus B Cronobacter virus CR3 Cronobacter virus CR8 Cronobacter virus CR9 Cronobacter virus Dev2 Cronobacter ... virus ESSI2 Cronobacter virus GAP227 Cronobacter virus GAP31 Cronobacter virus GAP32 Cronobacter virus GW1 Cronobacter virus ... PBES02 Cronobacter virus PhiCS01 Croton golden mosaic virus Croton yellow vein deltasatellite Croton yellow vein mosaic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_virus_species

nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter ... and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii ... The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. All Cronobacter species, except C. condimenti, ... n. Cronobacter, a rod that can cause illness in neonates. Cronobacter sakazakii (sak.a.zaki.ī. N.L. gen. n. sakazakii, of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter

nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter ... and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii ... LPSN "Cronobacter muytjensii" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Cronobacter muytjensii at BacDive - the Bacterial ... Cronobacter muytjensii is a bacterium. It is named after Harry Muytjens. Its type strain is ATCC 51329T (=CIP 103581T). It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter_muytjensii

nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter ... nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter ... Cronobacter malonaticus, formerly considered a subspecies of Cronobacter sakazakii, is a bacterium. Its type strain is CDC 1058 ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) LPSN "Cronobacter malonaticus" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Cronobacter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter_malonaticus

nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter ... and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii ... 2008). "Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter ... In 2012, Cronobacter genomospecies I was formally renamed Cronobacter universalis, and a seventh species was described called ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter_sakazakii

nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter ... and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii ... LPSN "Cronobacter turicensis" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Cronobacter turicensis at BacDive - the Bacterial ... Cronobacter turicensis is a bacterium. It is usually food-borne and pathogenic. It is named after Turicum, the Latin name of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter_turicensis

Cronobacter, which used to be called Enterobacter sakazakii, is a germ that can live in very dry places. Cronobacter has been ... Cronobacter infections are often very serious for babies; they can die. Cronobacter infection can also be very serious for ...

http://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/index.html

How Cronobacter is spread in formula manufacturing facilities and in homes. ... Since Cronobacter germs live in the environment, there might be other ways babies can catch it. We do not know if Cronobacter ... Cronobacter, which used to be called Enterobacter sakazakii, is a germ that can live in very dry places. Cronobacter has been ... At home, Cronobacter could get into the formula if formula lids or scoops are placed on Cronobacter-covered surfaces and later ...

https://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/sources.html

Powdered infant formula is not sterile and its nutrients provide good conditions for the preservation and growth of Cronobacter ... Cronobacter delivers higher accuracy than agar and PCR based methods for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant ... Cronobacter can be found naturally in the environment, but the germs have the ability to survive for prolonged periods in low- ... Cronobacter is a Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, non-sporulating bacterium. Formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii, it is ...

https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/food-safety-us/resources/microorganisms/cronobacter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter

nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter ... and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii ... LPSN "Cronobacter muytjensii" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Cronobacter muytjensii at BacDive - the Bacterial ... Cronobacter muytjensii is a bacterium. It is named after Harry Muytjens. Its type strain is ATCC 51329T (=CIP 103581T). It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronobacter_muytjensii

... pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb ... PFGE of Cronobacter isolates. PFGE analysis of Cronobacter isolates was as previously described by Caubilla-Barron et al. [14] ... Fifty-one clinical Cronobacter strains were used in this study. The strains had been collected during a survey of Cronobacter ... In order to have a wider perspective on the exposure to Cronobacter, this study speciated and genotyped Cronobacter strains ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10096-015-2440-8

Cronobacter multispecies complex (Cronobacter) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that was described as a new genus ... Cronobacter multispecies complex (Cronobacter) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that was described as a new genus ... A case of cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii) bacteremia in a breastfed infant. *Broge T ... Although the presence of Cronobacter in PIF is well documented, the nature of this organism may lead to exposure through other ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/case-cronobacter-enterobacter-sakazakii-bacteremia-breastfed-infant/

Highlights: • Cronobacter sakazakii phage vB{sub C}saM{sub G}AP32 has a genome of 358,663more » bp. • It encodes 545 proteins ... Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative pathogen found in milk-based formulae that causes infant meningitis. Bacteriophages ...

https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/22435046-supersize-me-cronobacter-sakazakii-phage-gap32

C. sakazakii is unique in the Cronobacter genus in encoding genes enabling the utilization of exogenous sialic acid which may ... Comparative analysis of these genomes together with the two publicly available genomes revealed Cronobacter has over 6,000 ... Methodology/Principal Findings We generated high quality sequence drafts for eleven Cronobacter genomes representing the seven ... in the seven Cronobacter species, and also suggested various degrees of divergence. Sets of universal core genes and accessory ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0049455

... sakazakii remain applicable for the Cronobacter genus. The reclassification of E. sakazakii to the new genus Cronobacter will ... The name Cronobacter was appropriately derived from Greek mythology. E. sakazakii constitutes a microbiological hazard in the ... The Naming Of Cronobacter Sakazakii. By Andy Weisbecker on September 27, 2009. ... It was proposed that these species be moved to the new genus, "Cronobacter", in order to facilitate their identification for ...

https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2009/09/the-naming-of-cronobacter-sakazakii/

https://montrealgazette.com/news/national/loblaw-recalls-contaminated-pc-baby-formula/wcm/dcf0a420-6eaa-4c1c-9192-a610d5355f58

Genomic DNA from Cronobacter sakazakii strain 2001-10-01 TypeStrain=False Application: ... nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter ... nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter ... Cronobacter sakazakii (Farmer et al.) Iversen et al. (ATCC® BAA-894D-5™) Strain Designations: Genomic DNA from Cronobacter ...

https://www.atcc.org/Products/All/BAA-894D-5.aspx

... its Presidents Choice brand Lower Iron milk-based powdered infant formula due to possible contamination by Cronobacter ... its Presidents Choice brand Lower Iron milk-based powdered infant formula due to possible contamination by Cronobacter ... It notes that while Cronobacter is not commonly linked to human illness, in rare cases it can cause serious or even fatal ... its Presidents Choice brand Lower Iron milk-based powdered infant formula due to possible contamination by Cronobacter ...

https://windsorstar.com/news/national/loblaw-recalls-contaminated-pc-baby-formula/wcm/97f40637-6aa4-4609-9352-722c703ab0d6

Share this Story: Loblaw recalls PC baby formula contaminated by Cronobacter bacteria. *. Copy Link ... Share this Story: Loblaw recalls PC baby formula contaminated by Cronobacter bacteria. *. Copy Link ... Share this Story: Loblaw recalls PC baby formula contaminated by Cronobacter bacteria. *. Copy Link ... Loblaw recalls PC baby formula contaminated by Cronobacter bacteria Back to video. ...

https://windsorstar.com/news/national/loblaw-recalls-contaminated-pc-baby-formula

Methane metabolism - Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Show ...

http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?esa00680+ESA_03811

The Cronobacter species are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria which are pathogenic in nature and form ... Fact sheet on Cronobacter. By Naomi Osborne 10.10.2013 Description The Cronobacter genus is composed Gram-negative, facultative ... and adults with compromised immune systems are particularly at risk of developing a Cronobacter infection. Cronobacter invades ... Cronobacter species. Learn more about other common and less common food bugs in our series of Thermo Scientific Application ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/food/fact-sheet-on-cronobacter/

2017 standard specifies a horizontal method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in food, animal feed and environmental ... Cronobacter spp. are those microorganisms which form typical colonies on chromogenic Cronobacter isolation (CCI) agar and which ... 1.20596.0500 Chromocult® CCI (Chromogenic Cronobacter Isolation) agar acc. ISO 22964. Procedure steps for Cronobacter spp. ... Scope extended to Cronobacter spp.. *Modified Lauryl Sulfate Tryptose broth (mLST) replaced by Cronobacter Selective Broth (CSB ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SE/en/technical-documents/protocol/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/regulatory-compliance-for-food-and-beverage/iso-22964-cronobacter-spp-detection

Cronobacter sakazakii (strain ATCC BAA-894) (Enterobacter sakazakii)Imported. Automatic assertion inferred from database ... tr,A7MFY3,A7MFY3_CROS8 Uncharacterized protein OS=Cronobacter sakazakii (strain ATCC BAA-894) OX=290339 GN=ESA_02371 PE=4 SV=1 ... cellular organisms › Bacteria › Proteobacteria › Gammaproteobacteria › Enterobacterales › Enterobacteriaceae › Cronobacter › ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A7MFY3

In their « Expanded Information on Cronobacter » CDC states « If a Cronobacter infection is diagnosed by a laboratory culture ... Cronobacter bacteria can cause severe blood infections (sepsis) or meningitis (an inflammation of the membranes that protect ... The CDC warning notes that « Getting sick from Cronobacter does not happen very often, but it is often deadly in young infants ... As a result, rates of Cronobacter infection in the United States are not well understood. » ...

https://www.ibfan.org/cronobacter-enterobacter-sakazakii-refreshed-warning-of-the-risks-to-infant-health/

... of Cronobacter sakazakii, Gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod prokaryote (bacterium). Cronobacter sakazakii belongs to the ... Cronobacter) within the family Enterobacteriaceae. Cronobacter sakazakii has been linked to incidence of infant meningitis and ... Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Cronobacter sakazakii, Gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod prokaryote (bacterium). ... Cronobacter sakazakii belongs to the group Gamma Proteobacteria and it can be found in many environments, from soil to human ...

https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/874033/view/cronobacter-sakazakii-gram-negative-sem

Infection with Cronobacter spp. leads to neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bacteremia. Cronobacter spp. are ... Therefore, contamination with Cronobacter spp. remains a current issue for commercial infant formulas in China. © 2016 Society ... Surveillance and molecular typing of Cronobacter spp. in commercial powdered infant formula and follow-up formula from 2011 to ... There were polymorphisms between the Cronobacter spp. as indicated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27594404

Cronobacter sakazakii (strain ATCC BAA-894) (Enterobacter sakazakii)Imported. Automatic assertion inferred from database ... tr,A7MQ23,A7MQ23_CROS8 FHA domain-containing protein OS=Cronobacter sakazakii (strain ATCC BAA-894) OX=290339 GN=ESA_03928 PE=4 ... cellular organisms › Bacteria › Proteobacteria › Gammaproteobacteria › Enterobacterales › Enterobacteriaceae › Cronobacter › ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A7MQ23

There are seven species in the Cronobacter genus, of which only three are of clinical importance; C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus ... There are seven species in the Cronobacter genus, of which only three are of clinical importance; C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus ... The major infections associated with Cronobacter species are neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and septicaemia. ... The major infections associated with Cronobacter species are neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and septicaemia. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02268/full

Carbon metabolism is the most basic aspect of life. This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. The map contains carbon utilization pathways of glycolysis (map00010), pentose phosphate pathway (map00030), and citrate cycle (map00020), and six known carbon fixation pathways (map00710 and map00720) as well as some pathways of methane metabolism (map00680). The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) ...

https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?cui01200+M00004

... www.pubMLST.org/cronobacter. MLST has been used to describe the diversity of the newly recognised genus, instrumental in the ... www.pubMLST.org/cronobacter. MLST has been used to describe the diversity of the newly recognised genus, instrumental in the ... Cronobacter spp. (previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii) is a bacterial pathogen affecting all age groups, with ... Cronobacter spp. (previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii) is a bacterial pathogen affecting all age groups, with ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00397/full

Food-borne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii synthesizes two lipid A species, differing by the length of the secondary acyl chain ... Keywords: Cronobacter sakazakii; lipid A; acyltransferase; lpxL; lpxM; lpxP Cronobacter sakazakii; lipid A; acyltransferase; ... Identification of Three Genes Encoding for the Late Acyltransferases of Lipid A in Cronobacter sakazakii. Liping Cai 1,2,†. ... "Identification of Three Genes Encoding for the Late Acyltransferases of Lipid A in Cronobacter sakazakii." Mar. Drugs 11, no. 2 ...

http://mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/2/377

Roger Stephan at the Institute for Food Microbiology and Hygiene where she started her research on Cronobacter (former ... Angelika Lehner: "My 14-year history with Cronobacter: a time journey through modern molecular food microbiology". Monday, ... Angelika Lehner: "My 14-year history with Cronobacter: a time journey through modern molecular food microbiology". Monday, ...

https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/hp/cepii/veranstaltungen/single-view/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4756&cHash=9796696b974639afc59642d30b1fca61

Cronobacter , which used to be called Enterobacter sakazakii , is a germ that can live in very dry places. (cdc.gov)
Cronobacter was first proposed as a new genus in 2007 as a clarification of the taxonomic relationship of the biogroups found among strains of Enterobacter sakazakii. (wikipedia.org)
In 2013 Enterobacter helveticus, Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter turicensis were reclassified into the genus Cronobacter, however this was corrected in 2014 when Stephan et. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter muytjensii (mœ.tjәn.sĭ.ī), from the N.L. gen. n. muytjensii, of Muytjens, is named in honour of the Dutch microbiologist Harry Muytjens, who performed much of the early work on Enterobacter sakazakii. (wikipedia.org)
2008). "Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. (wikipedia.org)
The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. (wikipedia.org)
This genus was previously defined as the species Enterobacter sakazakii but the increased use of DNA sequencing found E. sakazakii isolates were actually distinct species, resulting in a re-classification in 2008 from E. sakazakii to Cronobacter . (thermofisher.com)
This world authority on the bacteria explains the lessons learned, the myths debunked and provides recommmendations in his article « My 40-year history with Cronobacter/Enterobacter sakazakii » . (ibfan.org)
For many years it was classified as Enterobacter sakazakii (also known as Enterobacter cloacae), but recent molecular typing has shown there are in fact four species, one genomospecies and two subspecies which have been placed in a new genus (Cronobacter) within the family Enterobacteriaceae. (sciencephoto.com)
In 2004 she was invited to Switzerland to join the team around Prof. Dr. Roger Stephan at the Institute for Food Microbiology and Hygiene where she started her research on Cronobacter (former Enterobacter sakazakii) . (meduniwien.ac.at)
Rapid Testing of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. (emdmillipore.com)
Enterobacter Sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. (emdmillipore.com)
MilliporeSigma offers a selection of products for the enrichment, and isolation Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. (emdmillipore.com)
Rapid and reliable identification of Cronobacter species and their differentiation from phenotypically similar, nonpathogenic Enterobacter turicensis, Enterobacter helveticus, and Enterobacter pulveris have become increasingly important. (uzh.ch)
Re-examination of the taxonomic status of Enterobacter helveticus, Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter turicensis as members of the genus Cronobacter and their reclassification in the genera Franconibacter gen. nov. and Siccibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter helveticus comb. (semanticscholar.org)
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The genus Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii) contains opportunistic pathogens that can cause a severe form of neonatal meningitis, necrotising enterocolitis and septicaemia. (sun.ac.za)
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Cronobacter genus (Enterobacter sakazakii) bevat opportunistiese patogene wat 'n ernstige vorm van neonatale meningitis, enterokolitis en septisemie kan veroorsaak. (sun.ac.za)
Cronobacter sakazakii , formerly named Enterobacter sakazakii ( 1 ), is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can be life-threatening, especially when it contaminates powdered milk formula for infants ( 2 ). (asm.org)
nov., respectively, and emended description of the genera Enterobacter and Cronobacter . (dsmz.de)
Cronobacter sakazakii , formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is a germ found naturally in the environment. (cdc.gov)
Cronobacter (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) is a recently defined genus consisting of six species, C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus, C. dublinensis, C. muytjensii, C. turicensis, and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. (sparrho.com)
Microarray-based comparative genomic indexing of the Cronobacter genus (Enterobacter sakazakii). (sparrho.com)
Cronobacter , formerly named Enterobacter sakazakii , is a ubiquitous pathogen that has been isolated from food, environment and clinical sources. (diamet.lv)
Cronobacter, also known as Enterobacter, is an opportunistic pathogenic bacteria responsible for food borne illness. (ausfoodnews.com.au)
4. Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H: The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii:proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen.nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. (mattioli1885journals.com)
WHO HQ Library catalog › Details for: Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. (who.int)
Yan QQ, Condell O, Power K, Butler F, Tall BD, Fanning S. Cronobacter species (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii) in powdered infant formula: a review of our current understanding of the biology of this bacterium. (medscape.com)

The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. (wikipedia.org)
All Cronobacter species, except C. condimenti, have been linked retrospectively to clinical cases of infection. (wikipedia.org)
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognised all Cronobacter species as human pathogens. (springer.com)
There was no apparent relatedness between the age of the patient and the Cronobacter species isolated. (springer.com)
Cronobacter species are gram-negative bacteria PIF production, including requiring manufacturers known to cause severe and often life-threatening to routinely test for Salmonella and Cronobacter be- infections in infants. (cdc.gov)
The major infections associated with Cronobacter species are neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and septicaemia. (frontiersin.org)
MLST has been used to describe the diversity of the newly recognized genus, instrumental in the formal recognition of new Cronobacter species ( C. universalis and C. condimenti ) and revealed the high clonality of strains and the association of clonal complex 4 with neonatal meningitis cases. (frontiersin.org)
Food-borne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii synthesizes two lipid A species, differing by the length of the secondary acyl chain. (mdpi.com)
is a pathogenic bacterium within the Enterobacteriaceae family which has been re-classified as 6 species within the genus Cronobacter . (emdmillipore.com)
Interestingly, a metabolic island comprised of a variably-sized xylose utilization operon was found within the spice-associated C. sakazakii genomes, which supports the hypothesis that plants may serve as transmission vectors or alternative hosts for Cronobacter species. (springer.com)
Rapid genus and species specific identification of Cronobacter spp. (uzh.ch)
We evaluated here the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for rapid genus and species identification of the six Cronobacter species recognized so far. (uzh.ch)
The defined biomarker mass patterns (Spectral Archive and Microbial Identification System [SARAMIS] SuperSpectrum) were validated using 36 strains from various Cronobacter species as well as eight nontarget strains. (uzh.ch)
Our study demonstrates that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable and powerful tool for the rapid identification of Cronobacter strains to the genus and species level. (uzh.ch)
This study further clarifies the taxonomy of isolates described as [E.] sakazakii and completes the formal description of the proposed reclassification of these organisms as novel species and subspecies within a proposed novel genus, Cronobacter gen. nov. (semanticscholar.org)
These differences led to the reclassification of Cronobacter and currently the genus contains five distinct species, namely Cronobacter sakazakii, Cronobacter malonaticus, Cronobacter turicensis, Cronobacter dublinensis and Cronobacter muytjensii. (sun.ac.za)
As this reclassification was only accepted recently, there are not many typing methods optimised for differentiation between the five Cronobacter species. (sun.ac.za)
Typing of Cronobacter strains are important as the species may be diverse regarding their virulence. (sun.ac.za)
Phylogenetic analysis based on the rpoA and 16S rRNA genes were, therefore, not sufficient to distinguish between all the Cronobacter species. (sun.ac.za)
A PCR-RFLP method was subsequently developed to facilitate the simultaneous differentiation between all five Cronobacter species. (sun.ac.za)
Unique profiles for each of the five Cronobacter species were obtained and it was also possible to differentiate between Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter strains. (sun.ac.za)
This PCR-RFLP assay is, therefore, an accurate typing method that ensures rapid differentiation between the five species of Cronobacter. (sun.ac.za)
Recently, E. sakazakii has been re-classified as 6 species within the genus Cronobacter . (ecolab.com)
A smaller study showed that the Vitek GN system identified all 14 strains, belonging all seven Cronobacter species, as members of the ' C. sakazakii group,' but also attributed three strains of Franconibacter helveticus and F. pulveris to this group. (biomedcentral.com)
In silco analysis of a PCR-based method targeting ompA predicted that amplification would only occur with Cronobacter species and this method may be a feasible alternative to biochemical phenotyping. (biomedcentral.com)
Instead, a previously published PCR-based method targeting ompA is suggested as an alternative for identification of Cronobacter species based on in silico analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
While DNA sequence-based methods are considered to be more reliable for identification of Cronobacter species, they are also more expensive, more labor intensive, and have a slow turnaround time. (biomedcentral.com)
The O-antigen regions of six strains with unique RFLP patterns, including two C. sakazakii strains, two C. malonaticus strains, one C. turicensis strain, and one C. muytjensii strain, revealed three O-antigen gene clusters shared among Cronobacter species. (sparrho.com)
Genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894 and comparative genomic hybridization analysis with other Cronobacter species. (sparrho.com)
In 2007, due to the emergence of molecular biology identification and detection methods, E. sakazakii was re-classified as five species within a new genus, named Cronobacter . (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
Over the past few years, additional species under the genus Cronobacter have been discovered. (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
The Cronobacter genus is composed of seven species, and can cause infections in all age groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic analysis of 19 Cronobacter strains from 7 recognised species revealed the nanAKTR genes formed a unique cluster, separate from other Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli K1 and Citrobacter koseri , which are also associated with neonatal meningitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Laboratory studies confirmed that only C. sakazakii , and not the other six Cronobacter species, was able to use sialic acid as a carbon source for growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the relatively recent evolution of both C. sakazakii (15-23 million years ago) and sialic acid synthesis in vertebrates, sialic acid utilization may be an example of co-evolution by one species of the Cronobacter genus with the mammalian host. (biomedcentral.com)
Evolutionary analysis suggests that the C. sakazakii species separated from the rest of the Cronobacter genus 15-23 million years ago (MYA) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A proposed harmonized LPS molecular-subtyping scheme for Cronobacter species. (nih.gov)

Since the pathogen does not survive pasteurization used in powdered milk production, it has been suggested that Cronobacter contamination mainly occurs following the spray drying step of manufacturing. (3m.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative pathogen found in milk-based formulae that causes infant meningitis. (osti.gov)
are reported to comprise an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (PIF) and follow-up formula (FUF), although little is known about the contamination level of Cronobacter spp. (nih.gov)
Insights into the Emergent Bacterial Pathogen Cronobacter spp. (frontiersin.org)
ABSTRACT: Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that currently contaminates a wide spectrum of foods including powdered milk and poses a lethal threat to neonates, the elderly and persons with immune deficiencies. (scirp.org)
Cronobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes life- threatening infantile infections, such as meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract and wound infections in adults. (springer.com)
Pan-genome analysis of the emerging foodborne pathogen Cronobacter spp. (semanticscholar.org)
Cronobacter which belongs to common human opportunistic foodborne pathogen can lead to meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. (imedpub.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging pathogen that causes meningitis, bacteremia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. (asm.org)
Cronobacter sakazakii is a rod-shaped Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen most commonly infecting infants and people with weakened immune systems. (mechpath.com)
Cronobacter , an emerging opportunistic foodborne pathogen, is posing an increased risk to the health of neonates, persons with immunocompromising conditions, the elderly, and even healthy adolescents and adults. (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
To add to the heightened awareness of this emerging pathogen, a recently published FDA ruling, which went into effect September 8, 2014, requires all infant formula producers to test for Cronobacter and Salmonella . (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen known to survive in dry environments and food matrices, such as infant formula. (byu.edu)
Cronobacter sakazakii , an emergent pathogen is considered as a major concern to infants and neonates fed on reconstituted powdered infant milk formula. (irjournal.org)
Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging foodborne pathogen, causing life-threatening forms of neonatal meningitis, sepsis, and NEC in newborn and premature infants [ 4 ], with a fatality rate of 40% to 80% [ 5 ]. (irjournal.org)
Background: Cronobacter sakazakii is considered as an emerging foodborne pathogen. (mendeley.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in meningitis, NEC, and sepsis in neonates. (elsevier.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging pathogen that can cause diseases for several infant groups. (scirp.org)

Cronobacter has been found in dry foods, like powdered infant formula, powdered milk, herbal teas, and starches. (cdc.gov)
Other times, Cronobacter can get into powdered infant formula after it is opened at home or somewhere else. (cdc.gov)
In particular, Cronobacter has been isolated from powdered infant formula, rehydrated infant formula and utensils used to prepare infant formula, making the bacterium especially risky for newborn infants. (3m.com)
Recent Cronobacter infections and outbreaks involving powdered infant formula have occurred in the U.S., France and Mexico. (3m.com)
Powdered infant formula is not sterile and its nutrients provide good conditions for the preservation and growth of Cronobacter after reconstitution. (3m.com)
There have been reports, in fact, of Cronobacter surviving in powdered infant formula for up to two years. (3m.com)
Increased awareness that Cronobacter are ubiquitous environmental organisms and initiatives by the WHO and FAO in relation to risk assessments and advice on infant feeding (including safe temperatures for reconstitution of powdered infant formula and appropriate hold times post-reconstitution) has drastically reduced the occurrence of infection outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally the introduction of an ISO standard method for detection of these organisms has aided the infant formula industry to control their presence in manufacturing sites and products further reducing the risk to infants, though isolated cases can still occur not least as Cronobacter are ubiquitous in home environments as well. (wikipedia.org)
Consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF) has been associated with invasive Cronobacter infection in infants [ 1, 2]. (mendeley.com)
Our case illustrates a rare example of Cronobacter bacteremia in an exclusively breastfed infant of a healthcare worker. (mendeley.com)
OTTAWA - Loblaw Companies Ltd, is recalling its President's Choice brand Lower Iron milk-based powdered infant formula due to possible contamination by Cronobacter bacteria. (windsorstar.com)
In their « Expanded Information on Cronobacter » CDC states « If a Cronobacter infection is diagnosed by a laboratory culture in an infant, CDC encourages physicians, hospitals, and laboratories to inform their local or state health department. (ibfan.org)
Cronobacter sakazakii has been linked to incidence of infant meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis, most likely caused by post-process contamination of milk-based infant formulas. (sciencephoto.com)
Survival of Cronobacter in powdered infant formula and their variation in biofilm formation, 66(6), 496-505. (gc.ca)
While Cronobacter has been isolated from a wide range of foods and environmental and clinical sources, powdered infant formula (PIF) has been identified as the dominant vehicle of transmission ( 10 , 11 , 18 , 20 ). (asm.org)
Cronobacter strains have been isolated from infant formula milk (IFM), the environment of an IFM processing facility and fresh produce in South Africa. (sun.ac.za)
Strain Cr268 was isolated from imported powdered infant formula in 2009 during routine microbial examination according to ISO-22964 ("Microbiology of the food chain-horizontal method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. (asm.org)
Microbiological criteria applied to powdered infant formula (PIF) require the absence of all Cronobacter spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Liquid infant formula is made to be sterile (without germs) and should not transmit Cronobacter infection when handled carefully. (cdc.gov)
The primary source of the organism and the main vehicle for Cronobacter sakazakii transmission is rehydrated powdered infant formula. (ecolab.com)
A cocktail of five phages was highly effective for biocontrol of three Cronobacter sakazakii strains present as a mixed culture in both broth media and contaminated reconstituted infant formula. (uoguelph.ca)
Singapore's Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority (AVA) has recalled a batch of Dumex Mamil Gold Infant Milk Formula - Step 1 (850g) after detecting cronobacter sakazakii bacteria in samples. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is a bacterium found in the environment that can survive dry conditions, such as products like infant formula and powdered milk. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
The natural habitat for Cronobacter is unknown, but the bacterium has been found in a variety of foods including powdered infant formula, milk powder, herbal teas, and even waste water. (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
Since Cronobacter is ubiquitous, contamination has occurred at infant formula factories, as well as homes and other locales after products were opened. (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii, commonly found in contaminated infant formula and thereby causes infantile bacteremia, is rarely associated with adult bacteremia. (chapman.edu)
Cronobacter and Salmonella are two bacteria found as contaminants of powdered infant milk. (usda.gov)
Therefore, to ensure the safety of powdered infant milk, a method was developed to detect and identify Cronobacter and Salmonella when they are contaminating infant formula based on the unique genes that they carry. (usda.gov)
This has resulted in the production of a new technique with good potential for improving the safety of powdered infant milk and the children dependent on this product from life threatening infections caused by Cronobacter and Salmonella. (usda.gov)
Cronobacter sakazakii in artificially contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF) was also detected at a detection limit of 5.2 × 10 2 cfu/mL. (ndsl.kr)

ABSTRACT Cronobacter spp. (ndsl.kr)

Cronobacter can cause wound infections or urinary tract infections in people of all ages. (3m.com)
While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports few cases of Cronobacter infection each year, with infants, Cronobacter can cause dangerous bloodstream infections or infections of the linings surrounding the brain and spine (meningitis) and can cause death. (3m.com)
Despite the highlighted issues of neonatal infections, the majority of Cronobacter infections are in the elderly population suffering from serious underlying disease or malignancy and include wound and urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, bacteraemia and septicaemia. (springer.com)
Invasive Cronobacter infections in fore distribution ( 15 ). (cdc.gov)
It notes that while Cronobacter is not commonly linked to human illness, in rare cases it can cause serious or even fatal infections. (windsorstar.com)
Cronobacter bacteria can cause severe blood infections (sepsis) or meningitis (an inflammation of the membranes that protect the brain and spine). (ibfan.org)
Cronobacter are an important group of foodborne pathogens that has been linked to life-threatening infections in both infants and adults. (frontiersin.org)
Even though the incidence of reported infections is low, high mortality rates have been reported for infants who present with Cronobacter meningitis ( 4 , 6 , 17 ). (asm.org)
Cronobacter infections have been reported in all age groups, however, immunocompromised infants are more susceptible to these infections. (sun.ac.za)
Whereas, a false negative identification, in which a Cronobacter isolate is misidentified as a permitted organism, may result in neonatal infections, product recalls, and lost consumer confidence. (biomedcentral.com)
Getting sick from Cronobacter does not happen often, but infections in infants can be deadly. (cdc.gov)
Cronobacter can cause diarrhea and urinary tract infections in people of all ages, but infection can be very serious in infants. (cdc.gov)
Cronobacter infections are rare, but they can be deadly in newborns. (cdc.gov)
About four to six cases are reported to CDC every year, but this figure may not reflect the true number of illnesses because most hospitals and laboratories are not required to report Cronobacter infections to health departments. (cdc.gov)
Very few cases of Cronobacter infections have been reported among infants fed only breast milk. (cdc.gov)
Cronobacter infections are generally rare, however they can be fatal to newborns as they may cause meningitis or sepsis. (foodnavigator-asia.com)
Due to the rarity of infections and wide variety of symptoms caused by Cronobacter , the bacterium is under-reported and not well understood in the United States. (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
Since its initial discovery, Cronobacter infections have been most commonly researched and associated with infants due to the severity of infections and elevated mortality rates , reaching as high as 40-50% in newborns. (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
Set to be published in the September issue of the CDC's Emerging Infectious Diseases , the study, for the first time, will analyze rates of Cronobacter infections in groups other than infants . (merieuxnutrisciences.com)
On a positive note, there have been no confirmed reports of Cronobacter infections spreading from person-to-person contact. (merieuxnutrisciences.com)

Cronobacter is associated with foodborne illness in infants due to the bacterium's ability to survive and multiply in powdered milk formula. (thermofisher.com)

The first symptom of Cronobacter infection in infants is usually fever coupled with lack of appetite, crying or low energy. (3m.com)
The Food and Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization expert consultations in 2004 and 2006 concluded that Cronobacter contamination of PIF did cause infection and disease in infants [ 2]. (mendeley.com)
Newborn infants, especially those with a low birth weight, and adults with compromised immune systems are particularly at risk of developing a Cronobacter infection. (thermofisher.com)
The CDC warning notes that « Getting sick from Cronobacter does not happen very often, but it is often deadly in young infants. (ibfan.org)
Infants 2 months of age and younger are most likely to develop meningitis if they are infected with Cronobacter. (ibfan.org)
However, despite the severity of sickness, reporting is not obligatory : « Typically, CDC is informed of about 4-6 cases of sickness from Cronobacter in infants each year, but reporting isn't required. (ibfan.org)
The result of the study demonstrated the need for effective prevention and control measures as contamination of PIF with Cronobacter sakazakii constituted potential public health risk to neonates and infants. (scirp.org)
Cronobacter , a gram-negative, rod-shorted facultative anaerobic bacterium, can cause meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants [ 1 ]. (imedpub.com)
The first symptom of Cronobacter infection in infants is usually a fever, accompanied by poor feeding, crying, or very low energy. (cdc.gov)
Examples of symptoms displayed by infants with cronobacter infection include fever, poor feeding or lethargy. (foodnavigator-asia.com)

It is generally assumed that Cronobacter contamination of a product occurs in the processing environment at stages after pasteurization, including drying or packing. (asm.org)
According to previse reports, Cronobacter contamination was considered to be serious, occurring at an overall infection rate of 7.5%, with the highest level of contamination being 28.8% in China during 2010-2012 [ 4 ]. (imedpub.com)
Conclusion: Special attention should be given in ensuring hygiene in production and post-processing to prevent contamination of food with such stress-tolerant virulent Cronobacter sakazakii. (mendeley.com)

However, no age profiling studies have speciated or genotyped the Cronobacter isolates. (springer.com)
Biochemical tests of the isolates were also carried out and indicated the presence of Cronobacter sakazakii. (scirp.org)
The isolates were then characterized molecularly using specie specific PCR detection of Cronobacter sakazakii. (scirp.org)
The isolates tested showed bands for ompA gene on electrophoresis imager and were confirmed as Cronobacter sakazakii. (scirp.org)
The aim of this study was to classify 24 South African Cronobacter strains (previously identified as E. sakazakii) and to evaluate the phylogeny of the isolates based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and rpoA genes. (sun.ac.za)
These results indicate that commercially available biochemical test panels are not sufficiently reliable for speciation of Cronobacter isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
The Cronobacter isolates were all from different genetic sources. (bvsalud.org)

Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter multispecies complex (Cronobacter) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that was described as a new genus in 2007 [ 1]. (mendeley.com)
The Cronobacter genus is composed Gram-negative , facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria which are pathogenic in nature and form part of the Enterobacteriaceae family. (thermofisher.com)
and Enterobacteriaceae , notably Cronobacter ( 9 ). (asm.org)
Cronobacter sakazakii is a bacterium within the family Enterobacteriaceae. (ecolab.com)
Das food proof Enterobacteriaceae plus Cronobacter Detection Kit ermöglicht den gleichzeitigen Nachweis der Gattung Cronobacter ( E. sakazakii ) und der Familie der Enterobacteriaceae mittels real-time PCR. (bc-diagnostics.com)
Seit 2005 gelten gesetzliche Vorgaben, die die Untersuchung pulverförmiger Säuglingsnahrung auf die pathogene Gattung Cronobacter vorschreiben und ein Screening auf die Familie der Enterobacteriaceae als Hygieneindikator empfehlen. (bc-diagnostics.com)
Das food proof Enterobacteriaceae plus Cronobacter Detection Kit kombiniert diese beiden Parameter und erfüllt damit die gesetzlichen Anforderungen in nur einem Test. (bc-diagnostics.com)
The Cronobacter genus is an emergent group of bacterial pathogens in the Enterobacteriaceae family. (biomedcentral.com)

A number of common pathogens belong to this family, such as Salmonella, E. coli O157, Shigella , Yersinia and Cronobacter . (emdmillipore.com)
Cronobacter sakazakii is ubiquitously present in the environment and is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens. (zoologix.com)

Cronobacter muytjensii is a bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Cronobacter sakazakii, Gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod prokaryote (bacterium). (sciencephoto.com)

Cronobacter invades the bloodstream and enters the central nervous system, where it causes diseases such as meningitis, necrotising enterocolitis , bacteremias and septicaemia. (thermofisher.com)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG inhibits Cronobacter -induced meningitis in neonatal rats] 2015. (cfsremission.com)
Cronobacter germs can cause a dangerous blood infection ( sepsis ) or make the linings surrounding the brain and spinal cord swell ( meningitis ). (cdc.gov)
Symptoms of Cronobacter sakazakii include poor feeding response, irritability, jaundice, grunting respirations and unstable body temperature, with infection progressing to meningitis in many neonatal cases. (ecolab.com)

Meanwhile, cross reaction with Vibrio parahaemolyticus PVPA 0146 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 determined by dot blot were eliminated after purification of pAb against Cronobacter whole cell protein. (imedpub.com)
This research was able to identify a unique signature in both Cronobacter and Salmonella that can be used to differentiate these harmful bacteria from other harmless bacteria in food and the environment. (usda.gov)
A direct and simple method for detecting the presence of the unique gene signature for Cronobacter and Salmonella in food products is described by this research. (usda.gov)

Old man and adult patients lacking of immunity can also infected by Cronobacter to cause local infection and bacteremia [ 3 ]. (imedpub.com)
Cronobacter Sakazakii Bacteremia in a 76-year-old Woman: A Case Report" by Amy Y. Kang, Nancy Garcia et al. (chapman.edu)
Kang A, Garcia N, Sud B, Nguyen L. Cronobacter sakazakii bacteremia in a 76-year-old women: A case report. (chapman.edu)

We do not know if Cronobacter infection can be spread from one person to another, but other types of bacteria spread this way, especially in hospitals if people do not wash their hands well. (cdc.gov)

Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. (wikipedia.org)
A new addition, Cronobacter genomospecies 1, has been proposed although only a limited number of type strains have been identified. (thermofisher.com)
Recent taxonomic studies led to alternative classification of E. sakazakii into several new genomospecies in a novel genus, Cronobacter ( 12 , 13 ). (asm.org)

Cronobacter turicensis (tŭ.rĭ.sĕn'sĭs) is from the L. masc. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter turicensis sp. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter sakazakii, Cronobacter malonaticus , and Cronobacter turicensis . (frontiersin.org)
Hierdie verskille het gelei tot die herklassifikasie van Cronobacter en tans bestaan die genus uit vyf afsonderlike spesies, naamlik Cronobacter sakazakii, Cronobacter malonaticus, Cronobacter turicensis, Cronobacter dublinensis en Cronobacter muytjensii. (sun.ac.za)
nov., respectively, and E. turicensis , E. helveticus and E. pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. (dsmz.de)

Following this a transposon mutagenesis library was created in one of the Lux-tagged strains of Cronobacter sakazakii. (ucc.ie)
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize virulent strains of Cronobacter sakazakii from food samples of Bangladesh. (mendeley.com)

2011 ) in two detailed publications used whole genome sequence analysis of C. sakazakii strain BAA-894 and microarray based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to explore the genomes of strains across the Cronobacter genus. (frontiersin.org)
All strains were correctly identified, and no nontarget strain was misidentified as Cronobacter. (uzh.ch)

Cronobacter condimenti (con.di.men'ti) is from the L. gen. n. condimenti, of spice or seasoning. (wikipedia.org)
Identification of the recently described Cronobacter condimenti by an rpoB-gene-based PCR system. (semanticscholar.org)

Investigation of growth and stress tolerance characteristics of Cronobacter spp. (ucc.ie)
This study provides basic information for the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cronobacter spp. (koreascience.or.kr)

Cronobacter universalis (u.ni.ver.sa'lis) is L. masc. (wikipedia.org)

Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. (atcc.org)
Nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp.malonaticus subsp. (mattioli1885journals.com)
Both strains identified by 16s rRNA YC7 were Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. (jbiochemtech.com)

Cronobacter, a rod that can cause illness in neonates. (wikipedia.org)
Cronobacter sakazakii prevails in low-weight neonates and premature babies, whose immune systems are underdeveloped. (mechpath.com)
It should be noted that Cronobacter carriage may cause infection under certain conditions, especially in neonates . (bvsalud.org)

Biofilm Formation and Low pH Viability of Cronobacter spp. (koreascience.or.kr)
We investigated biofilm formation in various media, growth in low pH, and the hemolytic activity of 14 strains of Cronobacter spp. (koreascience.or.kr)

3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2 - Cronobacter delivers higher accuracy than agar and PCR based methods for the detection of Cronobacter spp . (3m.com)
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published the new EN ISO 22964:2017 standard, which specifies a horizontal method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. (sigmaaldrich.com)
There is no existing data on the detection of Cronobacter sakazakii previously reported in the North central region of Nigeria hence the need to carry out the present study. (scirp.org)
Validation of standard method EN ISO 22964:2017 - Microbiology of the food chain - Horizontal method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. (semanticscholar.org)
Traditional method for detection of Cronobacter was mainly based on its colonial morphology and the characteristic of physiology and biochemistry [ 5 ]. (imedpub.com)
B0090 - Ultrasensitive qualitative detection of Cronobacter sakazakii by real time polymerase chain reaction. (zoologix.com)
The kit is intended for the detection of Cronobacter spp. (diamet.lv)
Hence, we sought to develop an immunomagnetic separation (IMS) PCR method that could shorten the time of enrichment before the detection of Cronobacter spp. (ndsl.kr)
Finally, the IMS-PCR method was applied to the detection of Cronobacter in food samples and was shown to be reliable. (ndsl.kr)
Thus, this newly developed IMS-PCR detection method was quite sensitive, rapid, and reliable and could be applied to the detection of Cronobacter in foods. (ndsl.kr)

are those microorganisms which form typical colonies on chromogenic Cronobacter isolation (CCI) agar and which display the described biochemical characteristics when tests are carried out in accordance with this new standard. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In 2015, the databases associated with the API20E and ID32E biochemical test panels were updated, including the recognition of the Cronobacter genus. (biomedcentral.com)
Result: Six (6) Cronobacter sakazakii was isolated and identified from 54 food samples on the basis of biochemical characteristics, sugar fermentation, SDS-PAGE of whole cell protein, plasmid profile and PCR of Cronobacter spp. (mendeley.com)

In addition, in vivo administration of phage GAP161 in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae showed no negative effects on the wellbeing of the larvae and could effectively prevent Cronobacter infection in the larvae. (uoguelph.ca)

The genomes of five novel Cronobacter phages [vB_CsaM_GAP31 (GAP31), vB_CsaM_GAP32 (GAP32), vB_CsaP_GAP52 (GAP52), vB_CsaM_GAP161 (GAP161), vB_CsaP_GAP227 (GAP227)] were sequenced. (uoguelph.ca)

Genomics and Experimental Analysis Reveal a Novel Factor Contributing to the Virulence of Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Associated With Neonate Infection. (pacb.com)

Wang, X. Identification of Three Genes Encoding for the Late Acyltransferases of Lipid A in Cronobacter sakazakii . (mdpi.com)
Cai L, Li Y, Tao G, Guo W, Zhang C, Wang X. Identification of Three Genes Encoding for the Late Acyltransferases of Lipid A in Cronobacter sakazakii . (mdpi.com)
The sequence data of these two genes can be used to differentiate between the Cronobacter strains when used in combination with malonate utilisation analysis. (sun.ac.za)
The final section of this thesis identified genes involved in the tolerance of C. sakazakii to the milk derived antimicrobial peptide, Lactoferricin B (Lfcin B). This was achieved by creating a transposon mutagenesis library in C. sakazakii and screening for mutants with increased susceptibility to Lfcin B. Overall this thesis demonstrates the variation between Cronobacter strains. (ucc.ie)
These targeted genes, particularly genes producing virulence factors and genes responsible for unique phenotypes have the potential to function as biomarkers for the detection and identification of Cronobacter spp. (usda.gov)

To enable customers to follow EN ISO 22964:2017, We have released the newly described Cronobacter Selective Broth (CSB) and CCI agar products. (sigmaaldrich.com)
1.20596.0500 Chromocult ® CCI (Chromogenic Cronobacter Isolation) agar acc. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Pre-enriched samples were cultured in chromogenic Cronobacter broth and were then further sub-cultured into a chromogenic Cronobacter sakazakii agar. (scirp.org)

1.20597.0500 GranuCult ® CSB ( Cronobacter Selective Broth) base acc. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cronobacter Screening broth (TSB) , gıdalarda, insan tüketimine yönelik gıda bileşenlerinde ve hayvanların beslenmesine yönelik ürünlerde Cronobacter spp. (bioneks.com)

CP783 protein was expressed and used as the specific antigen of Cronobacter to obtain polyclonal antibody (pAb) for immunochromatographic strip. (imedpub.com)
The polyclonal antibody used in this immunomagnetic separation was prepared based on the outer membrane protein A of Cronobacter sakazakii China Center of Industrial Culture Collection 21560 and had high specificity to the target. (ndsl.kr)

however, phenotyping can be unreliable, particularly for a genus such as Cronobacter where the taxonomy has been subject to frequent changes. (biomedcentral.com)

Cronobacter can be found naturally in the environment, but the germs have the ability to survive for prolonged periods in low-moisture foods. (3m.com)

Only the ethyl acetate extracts of L. pubescens exhibited antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains tested, including Staphylococcus haemolyticus , Escherichia coli (KF 918342), Aeromonas hydrophila (KCTC 12487), E. coli (ATCC 35150), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544), and Aeromonas salmonicida (KACC 15136). (mdpi.com)
dublinensis DES187(T), and YC10 was Cronobacter muytjensii ATCC 51329(T). The synthetic carbon sources were replaced with agro-industrial waste products. (jbiochemtech.com)
CC Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 chromosome, complete genome. (univ-lyon1.fr)

Other studies have also found that irrespective of the isolation source, the majority of Cronobacter strains are identified as Cr. (sun.ac.za)

Cronobacter muytjensii sp. (wikipedia.org)

Cronobacter dublinensis sp. (wikipedia.org)

Cronobacter malonaticus sp. (atcc.org)

Surveillance and molecular typing of Cronobacter spp. (nih.gov)
Molecular characterization of Cronobacter lipopolysaccharide O-antigen gene clusters and development of serotype-specific PCR assays. (sparrho.com)
Identification and characterization of five new molecular serogroups of Cronobacter spp. (sparrho.com)
Comprehensive approaches for molecular biomarker discovery for the detection and identification of Cronobacter spp. (usda.gov)

A clinical collection of 51 Cronobacter strains from two hospitals were speciated and genotyped using 7-loci multilocus sequence typing (MLST), rpoB gene sequence analysis, O-antigen typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (springer.com)

7- Holy O, Forsythe S: Cronobacter spp. (mattioli1885journals.com)

were the first to publish a detailed genome description for Cronobacter . (frontiersin.org)

Organisms9

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Geographicals3

In Silico identification of pathogenic strains of Cronobacter from Biochemical data reveals association of inositol fermentation with pathogenicity. (1/12)

Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. (2/12)

Identification and characterization of Cronobacter iron acquisition systems. (3/12)

Diversity of the Cronobacter genus as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. (4/12)

Prevalence and relative risk of Cronobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes associated with the body surfaces and guts of individual filth flies. (5/12)

Prevention of invasive Cronobacter infections in young infants fed powdered infant formulas. (6/12)

Multiplex PCR assay targeting a diguanylate cyclase-encoding gene, cgcA, to differentiate species within the genus Cronobacter. (7/12)

Comparative analysis of genome sequences covering the seven cronobacter species. (8/12)

Cronobacter

Cronobacter sakazakii

Enterobacteriaceae Infections

Infant Formula

Spices

Food Microbiology

Enterobacteriaceae

Muscle Hypertonia

Malonates

Syria

Slovakia

Food Contamination

Myoviridae

Bacterial Typing Techniques

Chromogenic Compounds

Glycyrrhiza

DNA, Bacterial

Environmental Microbiology

Powders

Dairy Products

Infant, Newborn

Infant Food

Meningitis

Mycoplasma genitalium

Molecular Sequence Data

Precipitating Factors

Iron

Ontario

Methane

Mesna

Methanosarcina

Methanosarcinales

Euryarchaeota

Algorithms

Phylogeny

Lipid A

Acyltransferases

Biological Products

Lipids

Carnitine Acyltransferases

In Silico identification of pathogenic strains of Cronobacter from Biochemical data reveals association of inositol fermentation with pathogenicity. (1/12)

Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. (2/12)

Identification and characterization of Cronobacter iron acquisition systems. (3/12)

Diversity of the Cronobacter genus as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. (4/12)

Prevalence and relative risk of Cronobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes associated with the body surfaces and guts of individual filth flies. (5/12)

Prevention of invasive Cronobacter infections in young infants fed powdered infant formulas. (6/12)

Multiplex PCR assay targeting a diguanylate cyclase-encoding gene, cgcA, to differentiate species within the genus Cronobacter. (7/12)

Comparative analysis of genome sequences covering the seven cronobacter species. (8/12)

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