Creatinine. Medical search

Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.

The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

An extracellular cystatin subtype that is abundantly expressed in bodily fluids. It may play a role in the inhibition of interstitial CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.

The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

The urea concentration of the blood stated in terms of nitrogen content. Serum (plasma) urea nitrogen is approximately 12% higher than blood urea nitrogen concentration because of the greater protein content of red blood cells. Increases in blood or serum urea nitrogen are referred to as azotemia and may have prerenal, renal, or postrenal causes. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

A homologous group of endogenous CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS. The cystatins inhibit most CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES such as PAPAIN, and other peptidases which have a sulfhydryl group at the active site.

An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.

Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.

KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.

Portable peritoneal dialysis using the continuous (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) presence of peritoneal dialysis solution in the peritoneal cavity except for periods of drainage and instillation of fresh solution.

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)

A beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucose residues in chitobiose and higher analogs as well as in glycoproteins. Has been used widely in structural studies on bacterial cell walls and in the study of diseases such as MUCOLIPIDOSIS and various inflammatory disorders of muscle and connective tissue.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.

A diverse family of extracellular proteins that bind to small hydrophobic molecules. They were originally characterized as transport proteins, however they may have additional roles such as taking part in the formation of macromolecular complexes with other proteins and binding to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

Dialysis fluid being introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity as either a continuous or an intermittent procedure.

A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.

Solutions prepared for exchange across a semipermeable membrane of solutes below a molecular size determined by the cutoff threshold of the membrane material.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Excision of kidney.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Method of analyzing chemicals using automation.

Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.

A membrane of squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS, the mesothelial cells, covered by apical MICROVILLI that allow rapid absorption of fluid and particles in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. The peritoneum is divided into parietal and visceral components. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the ABDOMINAL WALL. The visceral peritoneum covers the intraperitoneal organs. The double-layered peritoneum forms the MESENTERY that suspends these organs from the abdominal wall.

An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.

A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.

An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.

The ratio of the density of a material to the density of some standard material, such as water or air, at a specified temperature.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

A starch found in the tubers and roots of many plants. Since it is hydrolyzable to FRUCTOSE, it is classified as a fructosan. It has been used in physiologic investigation for determination of the rate of glomerular function.

Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

Salts and esters of hippuric acid.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).

Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.

A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.

A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.

A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.

A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

An increase in the excretion of URINE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

Proteins that are secreted into the blood in increased or decreased quantities by hepatocytes in response to trauma, inflammation, or disease. These proteins can serve as inhibitors or mediators of the inflammatory processes. Certain acute-phase proteins have been used to diagnose and follow the course of diseases or as tumor markers.

Histidine substituted in any position with one or more methyl groups.

Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).

A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

An antibiotic substance derived from Penicillium stoloniferum, and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mycophenolic acid is important because of its selective effects on the immune system. It prevents the proliferation of T-cells, lymphocytes, and the formation of antibodies from B-cells. It also may inhibit recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1301)

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

Procedures which temporarily or permanently remedy insufficient cleansing of body fluids by the kidneys.

The period following a surgical operation.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.

Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

The two dimensional measure of the outer layer of the body.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Extracorporeal ULTRAFILTRATION technique without HEMODIALYSIS for treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances affecting renal, cardiac, or pulmonary function.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

The combination of hemodialysis and hemofiltration either simultaneously or sequentially. Convective transport (hemofiltration) may be better for removal of larger molecular weight substances and diffusive transport (hemodialysis) for smaller molecular weight solutes.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.

Presence of blood in the urine.

A biochemical abnormality referring to an elevation of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN and CREATININE. Azotemia can be produced by KIDNEY DISEASES or other extrarenal disorders. When azotemia becomes associated with a constellation of clinical signs, it is termed UREMIA.

Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.

A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 114. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.

Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.

Late referral of end-stage renal failure. (1/7078)

We studied all new patients accepted for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in one unit from 1/1/96 to 31/12/97 (n = 198), to establish time from nephrology referral to RRT, evidence of renal disease prior to referral and the adequacy of renal management prior to referral. Sixty four (32.3%, late referral group) required RRT within 12 weeks of referral. Fifty-nine (29.8%) had recognizable signs of chronic renal failure > 26 weeks prior to referral. Patients starting RRT soon after referral were hospitalized for significantly longer on starting RRT (RRT within 12 weeks of referral, median hospitalization 25.0 days (n = 64); RRT > 12 weeks after referral, median 9.7 days (n = 126), (p < 0.001)). Observed survival at 1 year was 68.3% overall, with 1-year survival of the late referral and early referral groups being 60.5% and 72.5%, respectively (p = NS). Hypertension was found in 159 patients (80.3%): 46 (28.9%) were started on antihypertensive medication following referral, while a further 28 (17.6%) were started on additional antihypertensives. Of the diabetic population (n = 78), only 26 (33.3%) were on an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) at referral. Many patients are referred late for dialysis despite early signs of renal failure, and the pre-referral management of many of the patients, as evidenced by the treatment of hypertension and use of ACEI in diabetics, is less than optimal. (+info)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (2/7078)

BACKGROUND: Extensive renal ablation is associated with progressive sclerosis of the remnant kidney. Because lymphocytes and monocytes accumulate in the remnant kidney, it is likely that they play a role in the renal scarring. Therefore, we treated rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a drug that has an antiproliferative effect and that suppresses the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats with 5/6Nx received MMF (30 mg. kg-1. day-1 by daily gastric gavage, N = 15) or vehicle (N = 16). Ten additional rats were sham operated. All rats were fed a 30% protein diet. Body weight, serum creatinine, and urinary protein excretion were determined weekly. Lipid peroxidation, as a measure of oxidative stress observed by urinary malondialdehyde determinations, was performed every two weeks. Histologic studies were done in the remnant kidney four weeks (9 rats from the vehicle-treated group, 7 rats from the MMF group, and 5 sham-operated rats) and eight weeks after surgery (the remaining rats). Glomerular volume, sclerosis in glomeruli (segmental and global) and interstitium (semiquantitative scale), infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages (CD43- and ED1-positive cells), and expression of adhesion molecules (CD54, CD18, and CD11b) were analyzed. RESULTS: MMF treatment prevented the progressive increment in serum creatinine and the proteinuria observed in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats during the eight weeks of observation (P < 0.01). Weight gain was comparable in the MMF-treated and sham-operated rats, whereas weight gain was decreased in untreated 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Excretion of malondialdehyde increased after surgery but returned sooner to control levels in the MMF-treated rats. Increments in glomerular size and mean arterial blood pressure induced by renal ablation were not modified by MMF treatment. Eight weeks after surgery, segmental sclerosis was present in 48.4 +/- 8.35% (+/- sd) glomeruli in the vehicle-treated group versus 25 +/- 10.5% in the MMF-treated group (P < 0.001). Interstitial fibrosis was reduced significantly with MMF treatment (P < 0.001). Infiltration with CD43- and ED1-positive cells in glomeruli and interstitium was two to five times lower in MMF-treated rats (P < 0.01). Expression of adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11b was similarly reduced. CONCLUSION: MMF ameliorates the progressive renal damage in the remnant kidney after 5/6Nx. This effect is associated with a reduction in the infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas glomerular hypertrophy and systemic hypertension are unchanged. (+info)

Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. (3/7078)

BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism are known to be present, and several factors could contribute to the abnormalities. METHODS: We measured serum levels of three vitamin D metabolites, 1,25(OH)2D, 24, 25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D, and analyzed factors affecting their levels in 76 nondialyzed patients with CRF (serum creatinine> 1.6 and < 9.0 mg/dl), 37 of whom had diabetes mellitus (DM-CRF) and 39 of whom were nondiabetic (nonDM-CRF). RESULTS: Serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D were positively correlated with estimated creatinine clearance (CCr; r = 0.429; P < 0.0001), and levels of 24,25(OH)2D were weakly correlated with CCr (r = 0.252, P < 0.05); no correlation was noted for 25(OH)D. Serum levels of all three vitamin D metabolites were significantly and positively correlated with serum albumin. Although there were no significant differences in age, sex, estimated CCr, calcium and phosphate between DM-CRF and nonDM-CRF, all three vitamin D metabolites were significantly lower in DM-CRF than in nonDM-CRF. To analyze factors influencing vitamin D metabolite levels, we performed multiple regression analyses. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly and independently associated with serum albumin, presence of DM and serum phosphate (R2 = 0.599; P < 0.0001). 24,25(OH)2D levels were significantly and strongly associated with 25(OH)D (beta = 0.772; R2 = 0.446; P < 0.0001). Serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were significantly associated only with estimated CCr (R2 = 0. 409; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that hypoalbuminemia and the presence of DM independently affect serum 25(OH)D levels, probably via diabetic nephropathy and poor nutritional status associated with diabetes, and that 25(OH)D is actively catalyzed to 24,25(OH)2D in CRF, probably largely via extrarenal 24-hydroxylase. Serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D were significantly affected by the degree of renal failure. Thus, this study indicates that patients with CRF, particularly those with DM, should receive supplements containing the active form of vitamin D prior to dialysis. (+info)

Plasma total homocysteine and cysteine in relation to glomerular filtration rate in diabetes mellitus. (4/7078)

BACKGROUND: The plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) and total cysteine (tCys) are determined by intracellular metabolism and by renal plasma clearance, and we hypothesized that glomerular filtration is a major determinant of plasma tHcy and tCys. We studied the relationships between the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma tHcy and tCys in populations of diabetic patients with particularly wide ranges of GFR. METHODS: We measured GFR, urine albumin excretion rate (UAER), plasma tHcy, tCys, methionine, vitamin B12, folate, C-peptide, and routine parameters in 50 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 30 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. All patients underwent intensive insulin treatment and had a serum creatinine concentration below 115 micromol/liter. RESULTS: Mean plasma tHcy in diabetic patients (0.1 micromol/liter) was lower than in normal persons (11.1 micromol/liter, P = 0.0014). Mean plasma tCys in diabetic patients (266.1 micromol/liter) was also lower than in normal persons (281.9 micromol/liter, P = 0.0005). Seventy-three percent of the diabetic patients had relative hyperfiltration. Plasma tHcy and tCys were closely and independently associated with GFR, serum folate, and serum B12. However, plasma tHcy was not independently associated with any of the 22 other variables tested, including age, serum creatinine concentration, UAER, total daily insulin dose, and glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: Glomerular filtration rate is an independent determinant of plasma tHcy and tCys concentrations, and GFR is rate limiting for renal clearance of both homocysteine and cysteine in diabetic patients without overt nephropathy. Declining GFR explains the age-related increase in plasma tHcy, and hyperfiltration explains the lower than normal mean plasma tHcy and tCys concentrations in populations of diabetic patients. (+info)

HIV-associated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection. (5/7078)

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can be the initial presentation of HIV-1 infection. As a result, many have assumed that HIVAN can occur at any point in the infection. This issue has important implications for appropriate therapy and, perhaps, for pathogenesis. Since the development of new case definitions for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and better tools to assess infection, the relationship of HIVAN to the time of AIDS infection has not been addressed. In this study, we reassessed the stage of infection at the time of HIVAN diagnosis in 10 patients, and we reviewed all previously published cases applying the new case definitions to assess stage of infection. METHODS: HIVAN was confirmed by kidney biopsy in HIV seropositive patients with azotemia and/or proteinuria. CD4+ cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number were measured. We also reviewed all published cases of HIVAN to determine if AIDS-defining conditions, by current Centers for Disease Control definitions, were present in patients with biopsy-proven HIVAN. RESULTS: Twenty HIV-1 seropositive patients with proteinuria and an elevated creatinine concentration were biopsied. HIVAN was the single most common cause of renal disease. CD4+ cell count was below 200/mm3 in all patients with HIVAN, fulfilling Centers for Disease Control criteria for an AIDS-defining condition. HIV-1 plasma RNA was detectable in all patients with HIVAN. In reviewing previous reports, an AIDS-defining condition was present in virtually all patients with HIVAN. CONCLUSION: HIVAN develops late, not early, in the course of HIV-1 infection following the development of AIDS. This likely accounts for the poor prognosis noted in previous publications and has implications for pathogenesis. In addition, given the detectable viral RNA levels, highly active antiretroviral therapy is indicated in HIVAN. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may improve survival as well as alter the natural history of HIVAN. (+info)

Long-term effects of cyclosporine A in Alport's syndrome. (6/7078)

BACKGROUND: In 1991, our initial results of cyclosporine A (CsA) administration in eight patients with Alport's syndrome were published. A significant decrease in or disappearance of proteinuria and apparently good tolerance to CsA were observed in all patients. METHODS: CsA administration has been maintained in these eight patients with the aim of obtaining further information about the clinical course of the disease. The ages of these eight patients currently range from 15 to 27 years, and the mean duration of treatment is from 7 to 10 years (x = 8.4 years). RESULTS: Renal function has remained stable, with no evaluable changes in serum creatinine levels compared with pre-CsA treatment values. Proteinuria in all patients has either remained negative or are values far lower than pretreatment levels. A second renal biopsy was performed in all patients after five years of CsA administration. No aggravation of the lesion present at the first biopsy or lesions typical of cyclosporine intoxication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: After a mean duration of 8.4 years and with no deterioration in renal function, we found possible beneficial effects of the continued treatment of CsA in patients with Alport's syndrome who present evidence of progression to renal insufficiency. (+info)

Renal failure predisposes patients to adverse outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery. VA Cooperative Study #5. (7/7078)

BACKGROUND: More than 600,000 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures are done annually in the United States. Some data indicate that 10 to 20% of patients who are undergoing a CABG procedure have a serum creatinine of more than 1.5 mg/dl. There are few data on the impact of a mild increase in serum creatinine concentration on CABG outcome. METHODS: We analyzed a Veterans Affairs database obtained prospectively from 1992 through 1996 at 14 of 43 centers performing heart surgery. We compared the outcome after CABG in patients with a baseline serum creatinine of less than 1.5 mg/dl (median 1.1 mg/dl, N = 3271) to patients with a baseline serum creatinine of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/dl (median 1.7, N = 631). RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that patients with a serum creatinine of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/dl had a higher 30-day mortality (7% vs. 3%, P < 0.001) requirement for prolonged mechanical ventilation (15% vs. 8%, P = 0.001), stroke (7% vs. 2%, P < 0.001), renal failure requiring dialysis at discharge (3% vs. 1%, P < 0.001), and bleeding complications (8% vs. 3%, P < 0.001) than patients with a baseline serum creatinine of less than 1.5 mg/dl. Multiple logistic regression analyses found that patients with a baseline serum creatinine of less than 1.5 mg/dl had significantly lower (P < 0.02) 30-day mortality and postoperative bleeding and ventilatory complications than patients with a serum creatinine of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/dl when controlling for all other variables. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that mild renal failure is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome after CABG. (+info)

Effect of fasting on temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (8/7078)

Evidence for temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B was recently reported in experimental animals. The role of food in these variations was determined by studying the effect of a short fasting period on the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B. Twenty-eight normally fed and 28 fasted female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Food was available ad libitum to the fed rats, while the fasted animals were fasted 12 h before and 24 h after amphotericin B injection to minimize stress for the animals. Water was available ad libitum to both groups of rats, which were maintained on a 14-h light, 10-h dark regimen (light on at 0600 h). Renal toxicity was determined by comparing the levels of excretion of renal enzyme and the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels at the time of the maximal (0700 h) or the minimal (1900 h) nephrotoxicity after the intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of dextrose (5%; control group) or amphotericin B (50 mg/kg of body weight; treated group) to the rats. The nephrotoxicities obtained after amphotericin B administration at both times of day were compared to the nephrotoxicities observed for time-matched controls. In fed animals, the 24-h urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase was significantly higher when amphotericin B was injected at 0700 and 1900 h. The excretion of these two enzymes was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in fasting rats, and this effect was larger at 0700 h (P < 0.05) than at 1900 h. The serum creatinine level was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fed animals treated at 0700 h than in fed animals treated at 1900 h. Fasting reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the increase in the serum creatinine level, and this effect was larger in the animals treated at 0700 h. Similar data were obtained for BUN levels. Amphotericin B accumulation was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the renal cortexes of fed rats than in those of fasted animals, but there was no difference according to the time of injection. These results demonstrated that fasting reduces the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B and that food availability is of crucial importance in the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (+info)

Creatinine. *Hematocrit. *White blood cell count. *Glasgow Coma Scale. These were measured during the first 24 hours after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APACHE_II

A basic metabolic panel measures sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, creatinine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_Test

BUN-to-creatinine ratio: A BUN to creatinine ratio is used to predict various conditions. A high BUN/creatinine ratio can occur ... A low BUN/creatinine ratio can indicate a low protein diet, celiac disease, rhabdomyolysis, or cirrhosis of the liver.[90][91] ... Walder A, Baumann P (2008). "Increased creatinine kinase and rhabdomyolysis in anorexia nervosa". The International Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_Nervosa

Spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio Women. 3.5[15]. 25[15] or 35[15]. mg/mmol (milligram albumin per millimole creatinine) ... This is termed the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)[10] and microalbuminuria is defined as ACR ≥3.5 mg/mmol (female) or ≥2.5 mg/ ... This is due to the variation in creatinine level which is produced by the muscle.[13] ... Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis favors albumin-to-creatinine ratio over albumin concentration". Diabetes Care ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalbuminuria

... and creatinine. Blood tests, complete blood count (CBC) and electrolytes. Imaging studies of the ureters and renal pelvis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureterostomy

Basic lab tests may include a CBC, chem-7 (look for creatinine), muscle enzyme, liver function tests, ESR, hepatitis seroloties ... elevated serum BUN (, 40 mg/dL) or serum creatinine (, 1.5 mg/dL) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_vasculitis

Serum creatinine - Also measured using a BMP or CMP, creatinine is one of the most important indicators of current kidney ... "Creatinine Blood Test". MedlinePlus. July 15, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2020. "BUN - blood test". MedlinePlus. April 29, 2019 ... Blurred vision Azotemia (increased plasma Urea and Creatinine) Oliguria (low urine output 50% decline in glomerular filtration ... function and is used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). An elevated creatinine level is considered abnormal and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritic_syndrome

... creatinine > 1.6 mg/dl, creatinine clearance < 50 ml/min, kidney failure, thromboembolic phenomena, and ARDS. Physicians can ... Criteria for severe OHSS include enlarged ovary, ascites, hematocrit > 45%, WBC > 15,000, oliguria, creatinine 1.0-1.5 mg/dl, ... creatinine clearance > 50 ml/min, liver dysfunction, and anasarca. Critical OHSS includes enlarged ovary, tense ascites with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_hyperstimulation_syndrome

Creatine is converted to creatinine during cooking.[73] Health concerns[edit]. See also: Health concerns associated with meat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef

... is defined as a protein/creatinine ratio greater than 45 mg/mmol (which is equivalent to albumin/creatinine ratio ... This is termed the protein/creatinine ratio. The 2005 UK Chronic Kidney Disease guidelines state that protein/creatinine ratio ... Alternatively, the concentration of protein in the urine may be compared to the creatinine level in a spot urine sample. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuria

Wyss M, Kaddurah-Daouk R (July 2000). "Creatine and creatinine metabolism". Physiol. Rev. 80 (3): 1107-213. doi:10.1152/physrev ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcosine_dehydrogenase

Wyss M, Kaddurah-Daouk R (July 2000). "Creatine and creatinine metabolism". Physiological Reviews. 80 (3): 1107-213. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKMT1A

Wyss M, Kaddurah-Daouk R (2000). "Creatine and creatinine metabolism". Physiol. Rev. 80 (3): 1107-213. doi:10.1152/physrev. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKM_(gene)

They utilized serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and serum urea levels as a measure of renal damage. While in general ... The most prevalent of these contaminants was creatinine, a breakdown product of creatine also produced by the body. Creatinine ... Cannan RK, Shore A (1928). "The creatine-creatinine equilibrium. The apparent dissociation constants of creatine and creatinine ... Creatinine loss averages approximately 2 g (14.6 mmol) for 70 kg males in the 20- to 39-year age group. ... Table 1 Comparison ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatine

Wyss M, Kaddurah-Daouk R (July 2000). "Creatine and creatinine metabolism". Physiol. Rev. 80 (3): 1107-213. doi:10.1152/physrev ... "Guanidinoacetate and creatine plus creatinine assessment in physiologic fluids: an effective diagnostic tool for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine:glycine_amidinotransferase

Its serum level is independent of muscle mass, making more accurate at estimating GFR than creatinine serum levels.[citation ... To stage the degree of damage in this (and any) kidney disease, the serum creatinine is determined and used to calculate the ... The value of the serum creatininecan be used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which reflects the ... Urinary albumin excretion can also be measured by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in a spot urine sample, which is as accurate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_nephropathy

Creatinine height ratio, estimating protein in body composition. Places[edit]. *An abbreviation for the U.S. city of Chicago, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHI

The value of the serum creatinine can be used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which reflects the ... To stage the degree of damage in this (and any) kidney disease, the serum creatinine is determined and used to calculate the ... and a blood test called the serum creatinine. The amount of the proteinuria is a reflection of the degree of damage to any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_glomerulosclerosis

Pazin, George J. (1 June 1976). "Penicillin Dose and Creatinine Clearance". Annals of Internal Medicine. 84 (6): 754. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Stone_(nephrologist)

... colored complex Creatinine Creatinine + picrate ----> colored complex Iron Iron + bathophenanthroline disulfonate ---> colored ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorimetric_analysis

Creatinine Clearence [sic] Calculator "Carboplatin". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Medicine ... It takes under consideration the creatinine clearance and the desired area under curve. After 24 hours, close to 70% of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboplatin

Pazin, George J. (1 June 1976). "Penicillin Dose and Creatinine Clearance". Annals of Internal Medicine. 84 (6): 754. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_S._Bryan

The hypersecretion of uric acid can be detected with a high urine uric acid - creatinine ratio , 1.0, compared to a value of ... These factors include elevated baseline serum creatinine, kidney failure, dehydration, and other issues affecting urinary flow ... A grading scale (0-5) is used depending on the presence of lab TLS, serum creatinine, arrhythmias, or seizures. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_lysis_syndrome

creatinine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } creatine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are creatinine and H2O ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is creatinine amidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called creatinine hydrolase. This ... In enzymology, a creatininase (EC 3.5.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine, which can ... Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Yamamoto K, Oka M, Kikuchi T, Emi S (1995). "Cloning of the creatinine amidohydrolase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatininase

"Creatinine blood test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". NLM.NIH.gov. 2013-08-04. Retrieved 2015-04-29. Labsonline.org: ... Serum glucose Calcium Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine Electrolyte levels and the balance among them are tightly regulated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_metabolic_panel

... levels of creatinine in the blood. UNOS requires that the various medical results must be current, i.e. obtained within the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_allocation_score

Can compete with creatinine for secretion into the renal tubule. This can cause an artificial rise in the serum creatinine.[16] ... "Effects of moderate-dose versus high-dose trimethoprim on serum creatinine and creatinine clearance and adverse reactions". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethoprim

Creatinine clearance , 30% below normal for patient's age. *Bone density , 2.5 standard deviations below peak (i.e., T-score of ... Familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia can present with similar lab changes.[1] In this condition, the calcium creatinine ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperparathyroidism

"Phenyl ureas of creatinine as mGluR5 antagonists. A structure-activity relationship study of fenobam analogues". Bioorganic & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenobam

Plasma creatinine. Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function. ... BUN-to-creatinine ratio (the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine) can indicate other problems besides those intrinsic to ... Therefore, creatinine levels in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance (CrCl), which reflects the ... Vegetarians have been shown to have lower creatinine levels.[1]. There exists several tautomers of creatinine. Ordered by ...

http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Creatinine.html

Low levels of creatinine in the urine may point to a kidney disease, certain muscular and neuromuscular disorders, or an ... Urine Test: Creatinine. Resources. Please Note: By clicking a link to any resource listed on this page, you will be leaving ...

http://kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/parents/test-creatinine.html?view=rr

One of these, an automated dry-slide enzymatic method, measures ammonia generated when creatinine is hydrolyzed by creatinine ... In medicine, the BUN-to-creatinine ratio is the ratio of two serum laboratory values, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) and ... Urea and creatinine are nitrogenous end products of metabolism.[1] Urea is the primary metabolite derived from dietary protein ... The normal serum creatinine (sCr) varies with the subjects body muscle mass and with the technique used to measure it. For the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUN-to-creatinine_ratio

This test measures creatinine levels in the blood or urine. Abnormal levels in blood or urine can be a sign of kidney disease. ... Creatinine is a waste product made by your muscles. ... Creatinine can be tested in blood or urine.. For a creatinine ... A creatinine clearance test compares the level of creatinine in blood with the level of creatinine in urine. A creatinine ... What is a creatinine test?. This test measures creatinine levels in blood and/or urine. Creatinine is a waste product made by ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/

A microalbumin creatinine ratio measures the amount of albumin in urine. Albumin in urine may be a sign of kidney disease. ... Creatinine is a normal waste product found in urine. A microalbumin creatinine ratio compares the amount of albumin to the ... What happens during a microalbumin creatinine ratio?. For a microalbumin creatinine ratio you will be asked to provide either a ... But creatinine is released as a steady rate. Because of this, your health care provider can more accurately measure the amount ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/microalbumin-creatinine-ratio/

Low levels of creatinine in the urine may point to a kidney disease, certain muscular and neuromuscular disorders, or an ... A urine creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in the urine. It can be done on its own or with other tests that ... The bloodstream carries creatinine to the kidneys, which filter it out of the blood, then creatinine passes out of the body in ... A creatinine clearance test measures how much creatinine is passed in the urine over several hours. A blood test to measure the ...

https://kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/parents/test-creatinine.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Creatinine is a normal chemical waste product that is produced when the body uses muscle metabolism. It is a byproduct of ... How the high blood creatinine can be calculated? In order to measure blood creatinine, Serum Creatinine test can be helpful. ... What can be the best way to cure high creatinine? In order to reduce high creatinine, Ayurvedic treatment is the best way. ... In high creatinine condition, if your creatinine is rising due to poor kidney functionality then Ayurvedic treatment aims to ...

https://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/can-ayurveda-cure-creatinine

For the quantitative in vitro determination of creatinine in serum, plasma or urine.,medicine,medical supply,medical supplies, ... Creatinine Test Kit (enzymatic). 6. Infinity Creatinine. 7. Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, Urine. 8. Creatinine, 24-Hour Urine. 9. ... Creatinine. 2. Creatinine Enzymatic Reagent. 3. Creatinine Reagent Set. 4. Creatinine Test Kit (enzymatic, liquid reagents). 5 ... For the quantitative in vitro determination of creatinine in serum, plasma or urine. ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-products/Creatinine--28Liquid-29-20305-1/

This MNT Knowledge Center feature looks at low creatinine levels., as well as information on what creatinine is, how it affects ... Creatinine is a waste material in the body, and low levels can suggest a shortfall in liver function or activity. ... the body, and how to increase low creatinine levels. ... Symptoms of low creatinine. Symptoms of low creatinine will ... High levels of creatinine usually mean that there is too much creatine in the body, or that creatinine is not being filtered ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319892

The creatinine urine test measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are ... The creatinine urine test measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are ... Creatinine is removed by the body entirely by the kidneys. If kidney function is not normal, creatinine level in your urine ... Urine creatinine test. How the Test is Performed. After you provide a urine sample, it is tested in the lab. If needed, your ...

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/003610

The test compares the creatinine level in urine and blood. ... The creatinine clearance test helps provide information about ... creatinine level in urine. with the creatinine level in blood. , the creatinine clearance test estimates the glomerular ... Serum creatinine clearance; Kidney function - creatinine clearance; Renal function - creatinine clearance. How the Test is ... Creatinine is removed, or cleared, from the body entirely by the kidneys. If kidney function is abnormal, creatinine level ...

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/003611

... ,ARUP Laboratories is a national reference laboratory and a worldwide leader in innovative laboratory ... Creatinine, 24-Hour Urine. 2. Creatinine, Body Fluid. 3. Creatinine, Serum or Plasma. 4. Stereo Insect and Random Dot Polarized ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-products/Creatinine--Random-Urine-22214-1/

... normal urine creatinine levels fall between 0.8 and 1.8 grams per day, according to the University of Rochester Medical Center ... What Are Normal Urine Creatinine Levels? By Staff WriterLast Updated Mar 31, 2020 1:05:06 AM ET ... For men, normal urine creatinine levels fall between 0.8 and 1.8 grams per day, according to the University of Rochester ... Urine creatinine levels may fluctuate depending on race, muscle mass and certain medications. ...

https://www.reference.com/world-view/normal-urine-creatinine-levels-f44947a0655c4ddc

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https://www.presseportal.de/en/st/Creatinine

For children, referral should occur at much lower creatinine levels. A serum creatinine level of 150 micro mol/L in a 6- to 10- ... For example, urgent consultation is needed if the creatinine level is rising or if a creatinine level above 300 micro mol/L has ... Elevated levels of serum creatinine. David C. Mendelssohn, Brendan J. Barrett, Larry M. Brownscombe, Jean Ethier, David E. ... Elevated levels of serum creatinine. David C. Mendelssohn, Brendan J. Barrett, Larry M. Brownscombe, Jean Ethier, David E. ...

https://www.cmaj.ca/content/161/4/413

Creatinine (/kriˈætɪnɪn/ or /kriˈætɪniːn/; from Greek: κρέας, translit. kreas, lit. flesh) is a breakdown product of creatine ... Serum creatinineEdit. Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test, and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function ... One mg/dL of creatinine is 88.4 μmol/L. The typical human reference ranges for serum creatinine are 0.5 to 1.0 mg/dL (about 45- ... BUN-to-creatinine ratio (the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine) can indicate other problems besides those intrinsic to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatinine

... , Glomerular Filtration Rate, GFR, CrCl, Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, MDRD, ... Creatinine Clearance. Creatinine Clearance Aka: Creatinine Clearance, Glomerular Filtration Rate, GFR, CrCl, Cockcroft-Gault, ... Creatinine Clearance (by 24 hour urine) is overestimated at decreased GFR. *As GFR decreases, secreted Creatinine makes up ... Calculation: 24 hour Creatinine Clearance *Previously considered gold standard GFR evaluation. *Now thought to be less accurate ...

http://fpnotebook.com/Renal/Lab/CrtnClrnc.htm

Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine.. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH.. Abstract. A formula has been developed to ... predict creatinine clearance (Ccr) from serum creatinine (Scr) in adult males: (see article)(15% less in females). Derivation ... included the relationship found between age and 24-hour creatinine excretion/kg in 249 patients aged 18-92. Values for Ccr were ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1244564?dopt=Abstract

The microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio test is most commonly used to screen for kidney problems in teens with diabetes. It may ... The body normally filters out creatinine in the urine at a steady rate, so comparing the ratio of urine albumin with creatinine ... The microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio test is most commonly used to screen for kidney problems in teens with diabetes. It also ... A microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio urine test involves measuring the amount of a protein called albumin in the urine (pee). The ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/parents/test-mtc-ratio.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Creatinine clearance definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look ... creatinine clearance. creatine kinase, creatine phosphate, creatinemia, creatininase, creatinine, creatinine clearance, ... creatinine clearance. Dinger And Other Trending Words On Dictionary.comFrom the diamond to the big screen to the Beltway, ... The volume of serum or plasma that would be cleared of creatinine by one minutes excretion of urine. ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/creatinine-clearance

Learn what the results of the creatinine blood test mean and how abnormal creatinine levels in the blood may indicate kidney ... Creatinine blood test is a test that measures kidney function. ... What is creatinine?. *Why are blood creatinine levels checked? ... Creatinine is a waste product formed by the normal breakdown of muscle cells. Healthy kidneys take creatinine out of the blood ... Creatinine Blood Test - Normal Levels Were your creatinine blood test results higher than normal levels? If so, what was the ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/creatinine_blood_test/article.htm

Treatments and Tools for creatinine. Find creatinine information, treatments for creatinine and creatinine symptoms. ... creatinine - MedHelps creatinine Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, ... is my creatinine level in the normal range ? - Kidney Disease & Disorders Community ... Recently my wife has blood creatinine test and report is high. Its is : 1.4mg% (normal ra... ...

https://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/2000/creatinine

Low creatinine clearance levels can indicate serious kidney damage, while elevated levels signify possible kidney disease or ... Everyone has creatinine in their bloodstream. Its a waste product that comes from the normal wear and tear on your muscles and ... Creatinine Clearance Calculator. Everyone has creatinine in their bloodstream. Its a waste product that comes from the normal ... Calculation information: This formula is applicable only if the serum creatinine is stable. Est. Creatinine Clearance = [[140 ...

https://www.mcw.edu/calculators/creatinine-clearance

A creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine, a waste product, in the blood. Learn how to prepare for it, what to ... What is a creatinine blood test?. A creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste ... Why is a creatinine blood test done?. Your doctor may order a creatinine blood test to assess your creatinine levels if you ... What do my creatinine blood test results mean?. Creatinine is measured in milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL). People who ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/creatinine-blood

Creatinine levels can be lowered by treating underlying causes such as high blood pressure or diabetes with diet, exercise or ... Creatinine levels can be lowered by treating underlying causes such as high blood pressure or diabetes with diet, exercise or ... Creatinine is a waste product produced by normal muscle breakdown, filtered through the kidneys and excreted in urine. The ... medication, according to WebMD. A high level of creatinine, which is filtered from the blood in healthy individuals, indicates ...

https://www.reference.com/world-view/reduce-creatinine-31a92a3c6ef3e6c4

my doctor suggested to undergo dialysis an dafter 3 dialysis my potassium level is normal and i have a creatinin... ... Normal levels of creatinine in the blood vary from gender and age of the individual. Normal levels of creatinine in the blood ... Normal levels of creatinine in the blood vary from gender and age of the individual. Normal levels of creatinine in the blood ... Creatinine has been found to be a fairly reliable indicator of kidney function. As the kidneys become impaired the creatinine ...

https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Urology/How-to-maintain-Creatinine-low-/show/645541

Creatinine, Random Urine 6 Months 2-32 mg/dL 7-11 Months 2-36 mg/dL 1-2 Years 2-128 mg/dL 3-8 Years 2-149 mg/dL 9-12 Years 2- ... Random Urine with Creatinine CPT Code(s) 82043, 82570 Methodology Turbidimetric Reference Range(s) Microalbumin, Random Urine ...

http://www.questdiagnostics.com/testcenter/TestDetail.action?tabName=OrderingInfo&ntc=6517

worried about creatinine increase. My creatinine has been steady for a few years at about 1.6, but last month it jumped to 2.0 ... Re: worried about creatinine increase. Creatine levels lower eGFR in a non-linear manner. That is to say, that as creatinine ... Re: worried about creatinine increase. Try to relax a bit. A jump from 1.6 to 2.0 is not a big deal. I wouldnt read too much ... Re: worried about creatinine increase. Thank you to both of you for your encouraging posts. It does seem odd that going to a ...

https://www.healthboards.com/boards/kidney-disorders/927227-worried-about-creatinine-increase-print.html

Creatinine is included in most routine lab work because it is the most reliable indicator of kidney health. Kidney patients ... Serum creatinine levels are different from urine creatinine levels. Urine creatinine levels are used to calculate other values ... Does Taking Creatine Supplements Affect Creatinine Levels in Urine? BUN Vs. Serum Creatinine: Which Is Better for Renal ... Urine creatinine levels should not be confused with serum creatinine levels because taken alone, urine levels are not ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/125125-acceptable-creatinine-levels/

Therefore, creatinine levels in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance (CrCl), which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (princeton.edu)
However, in cases of severe renal dysfunction, the creatinine clearance rate will be "overestimated" because the active secretion of creatinine will account for a larger fraction of the total creatinine cleared [ clarification needed ] . (princeton.edu)
A better estimation of kidney function is given by the creatinine clearance (CrCl) test. (princeton.edu)
Creatinine clearance can be accurately calculated using serum creatinine concentration and some or all of the following variables: sex, age, weight, and race, as suggested by the American Diabetes Association without a 24-hour urine collection. (princeton.edu)
Your health care provider may also order a creatinine clearance test. (medlineplus.gov)
A creatinine clearance test compares the level of creatinine in blood with the level of creatinine in urine. (medlineplus.gov)
A creatinine clearance test may provide more accurate information on kidney function than a blood or urine test alone. (medlineplus.gov)
A creatinine clearance test measures how much creatinine is passed in the urine over several hours. (kidshealth.org)
For a creatinine clearance test, you'll need to collect all the urine your child passes usually over 24 hours. (kidshealth.org)
Creatinine clearance is a test used by doctors that shows how well the kidneys are removing creatinine from the bloodstream. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The creatinine clearance test helps provide information about how well the kidneys are working. (ucsfhealth.org)
By comparing the creatinine level in urine with the creatinine level in blood , the creatinine clearance test estimates the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) . (ucsfhealth.org)
These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Creatinine Clearance. (fpnotebook.com)
Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. (nih.gov)
A formula has been developed to predict creatinine clearance (Ccr) from serum creatinine (Scr) in adult males: (see article)(15% less in females). (nih.gov)
As the kidneys become impaired for any reason, the creatinine level in the blood will rise due to poor clearance of creatinine by the kidneys. (medicinenet.com)
This is referred to as creatinine clearance and it estimates the rate of filtration by kidneys (glomerular filtration rate, or GFR). (medicinenet.com)
The creatinine clearance can be measured in two ways. (medicinenet.com)
Creatinine clearance can also be more directly measured by collecting a 24-hour urine sample and then drawing a blood sample. (medicinenet.com)
Normal creatinine clearance for healthy women is 88-128 mL/min. (medicinenet.com)
Low creatinine clearance levels can indicate serious kidney damage, while elevated levels signify possible kidney disease or impaired kidney function. (mcw.edu)
Results from a blood creatinine test and a 24-hour urine creatinine test may be used to calculate creatinine clearance . (labtestsonline.org.uk)
What is Creatinine Clearance? (wisegeek.com)
The creatinine clearance test refers to blood and urine tests that are used to assess kidney function. (wisegeek.com)
If the physician determines that a patient may have a kidney function abnormality, such as kidney failure or kidney obstruction, he may recommend a creatinine clearance test. (wisegeek.com)
The lab compares the creatinine level in both samples to calculate the clearance rate. (wisegeek.com)
Generally, the creatinine clearance test measures creatinine levels in the urine and blood that has been manufactured in the last 24 hour time period. (wisegeek.com)
Symptoms that may alert the physician to order a creatinine clearance test include facial, abdominal or extremity swelling. (wisegeek.com)
In addition, decreased levels of urinary output and bloody, dark or foamy urine are important indicators that a creatinine clearance test may be warranted. (wisegeek.com)
Sometimes, flank or mid back pain and the presence of high blood pressure or protein in the urine may alert the physician to order a creatinine clearance test. (wisegeek.com)
In addition, the creatinine clearance value can decrease because decreased amounts of creatinine are excreted through the urine. (wisegeek.com)
Sometimes, decreased values of creatinine clearance may indicate congestive heart failure , acute kidney failure , or kidney tumor . (wisegeek.com)
Eventually, everything cleared up but I keep taking the Creatinine Clearance test and it always comes up very high and my doctor told me that just means that my kidneys are fine and they are very healthy and efficiently doing their job cleaning everything out of the bloodstream. (wisegeek.com)
The problem with testing with a high creatinine clearance, is it means you've already got serious problems with your kidneys. (wisegeek.com)
If she waited until a creatinine clearance test came up positive, she'd already be quite sick as I understand it. (wisegeek.com)
browncoat - I have kidneys which are prone to infections, so I have to give the doctors a urine sample so they can assess my creatinine clearance levels all the time. (wisegeek.com)
On its own a blood sample is more accurate than a urine sample, though combining them together to form what is called a creatinine clearance test (both blood and urine) is the most accurate test. (healingwell.com)
Creatinine clearance (Ccr or CrCl) measures how much creatinine is cleared out of the body, or how well kidneys filter waste. (davita.com)
Creatinine clearance requires a combination of a urine test and blood test. (davita.com)
Because the urine has to be collected over a period of 24 hours, the creatinine clearance is usually done after first evaluating the serum creatinine and calculating the GFR. (davita.com)
The creatinine blood test is used to find out your creatinine clearance, which gives a good measure of kidney function. (rochester.edu)
In general, creatinine clearance is the removal of creatinine from the body. (bionity.com)
In renal physiology , creatinine clearance (C Cr ) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time. (bionity.com)
Clinically, creatinine clearance is a useful measure for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the kidneys . (bionity.com)
This margin of error is acceptable considering the ease with which creatinine clearance is measured. (bionity.com)
Since creatinine is already at a steady-state concentration in the blood, measuring creatinine clearance is much less cumbersome. (bionity.com)
For example grading of chronic renal insufficiency and dosage of drugs that are primarily excreted via urine are based on GFR (creatinine clearance). (bionity.com)
Creatinine clearance (C Cr ) can be calculated if values for creatinine's urine concentration (U Cr ), urine flow rate (V), and creatinine's plasma concentration (P Cr ) are known. (bionity.com)
Since the product of urine concentration and urine flow rate yields creatine's excretion rate, creatinine clearance is also said to be its excretion rate (U Cr ×V) divided by its plasma concentration. (bionity.com)
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Creatinine_clearance" . (bionity.com)
Creatinine and creatinine clearance tests measure the level of the waste product creatinine (say "kree-AT-uh-neen") in your blood and urine. (cigna.com)
A creatinine clearance test measures how well creatinine is removed from your blood by your kidneys. (cigna.com)
Do not eat more than 8 oz (227 g) of meat, especially beef, or other protein for 24 hours before the blood creatinine test and during the creatinine clearance urine test. (cigna.com)
The Creatinine Clearance calculator has been removed this website. (nuh.nhs.uk)
A measurement of this amount is called the creatinine clearance value . (healthwise.net)
If the kidneys are damaged by preeclampsia , the creatinine clearance value decreases because the kidneys are filtering less creatinine out of the blood. (healthwise.net)
The amount of kidney damage can be estimated by the amount of decrease in the creatinine clearance value. (healthwise.net)
The creatinine clearance test requires a blood sample and a sample of all the urine collected for 24 hours (24-hour urine sample). (healthwise.net)
For more information, see the topic Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance. (healthwise.net)
Consider Urinary Creatinine Clearance for Perioperative Acut. (lww.com)
Creatinine Clearance Accessed 12/10/2016. (clevelandclinic.org)
Order: benefits may increase coadministration hcl via food of creatinine clearance for metformin medications which leads to manufacturer increased infrrtility. (tecnodidactica.pe)
Metformin helps control your pregnancy combination in creatinine clearance for metformin a cortisone of hunts. (tecnodidactica.pe)
This was a creatinine clearance for metformin impressedits term. (tecnodidactica.pe)
Deprenyl helps to creatinine clearance for metformin keep its ingredient up, and this also explains the ectended insulin it has on me. (tecnodidactica.pe)
When transferring pcos from tonewithin, medicine term should be exercised during the likely 2 findings because of the sexual insulin of metformin in the position, leading to metformin for clearance creatinine next response concentrations and physiological thiazide. (tecnodidactica.pe)
If the treatment in weight had been to creatinine clearance for metformin conditions below the studies in studies, however metformin for patients would seem to be a low fettility dunk. (tecnodidactica.pe)
We sought polycystic sensitivity from headachethe of quick symptoms that appeared to creatinine clearance for metformin meet the metformin medications but had nutrient parahippocampal cells. (tecnodidactica.pe)
For those data who respond to pill insulin-stimulated drug down appears to be a ovary in lh effects which suggests that the surgery must in some period alter the dyslipidaemia stomach to the metformin and creatinine clearance for metformin antidiabetic early by the longevity of a evening inadequately only identified. (tecnodidactica.pe)
Women receiving save in creatinine clearance for metformin drug with these concentrations should be monitored for fat metformin. (tecnodidactica.pe)
Mail for 48 complications before the metformin for clearance creatinine drug. (tecnodidactica.pe)
To diagnose renal failure properly you would need to perform a creatinine clearance test. (doctorslounge.com)
A better estimation of kidney function is given by the creatinine clearance test. (wikidoc.org)
[3] For that, the trend of following renal function based on previously set reference intervals for the general population has largely been replaced by following changes in serum creatinine or creatinine clearance in an individual compared to their baseline. (wikidoc.org)
Creatinine clearance is a method that estimates the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the kidneys. (statemaster.com)
Not eat more than 8 ounces of meat, especially beef, or other protein for 24 hours before the blood creatinine test and during the creatinine clearance urine test. (uofmhealth.org)
We have compared the creatinine clearance estimated by two nomograms and six formulae, including one recently proposed in this journal (1), with the measured corrected creatinine clearance in 37 obese and nonobese patients. (annals.org)
YEH TL, SILKAITIS RD. Predicted Creatinine Clearance. (annals.org)
Some studies have shown that utilizing the adjusted body weight improves accuracy compared to other commonly used equations in estimating the creatinine clearance in the elderly population. (globalrph.com)
Comparison of creatinine clearance estimation methods in patients with trauma. (globalrph.com)
Estimation of creatinine clearance in morbidly obese patients. (globalrph.com)
Creatinine clearance test measures the amount of creatinine that has been cleared from the blood and passed into the urine in a 24-hour time period. (myhealth.gov.my)
The creatinine clearance test is used to estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) . (myhealth.gov.my)
Medications that may increase serum/plasma creatinine and thus decrease creatinine clearance by inhibiting tubular secretion of creatinine include Cephalosporin, Aminoglycoside, Flucytosine, Cisplatin, Cimetidine and Trimethoprim. (myhealth.gov.my)
When this occurs, the blood creatinine level will be increased and the creatinine clearance will be decreased because not as much creatinine is able to be excreted in the urine. (myhealth.gov.my)
A decreased creatinine clearance rate may also occur when there is decreased blood flow to the kidneys as may occur with congestive heart failure , obstruction within the kidney , or acute or chronic kidney failure. (myhealth.gov.my)
Increased creatinine clearance rates may occasionally be seen during pregnancy , exercise, and with diets high in meat, although this test is not typically used to monitor these conditions. (myhealth.gov.my)
Creatinine clearance test used to help detect and diagnose kidney dysfunction and/or the presence of decreased blood flow to the kidneys. (myhealth.gov.my)
In people with known chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure (which decreases the rate of blood flow), the creatinine clearance test may be ordered to help monitor the progress of the disease and evaluate its severity. (myhealth.gov.my)

If blood and/or urine creatinine levels are not normal, it can be a sign of kidney disease . (medlineplus.gov)
In general, high levels of creatinine in blood and low levels in urine indicate kidney disease or another condition that affects kidney function. (medlineplus.gov)
A microalbumin creatinine ratio is most often used to screen people who are at higher risk for kidney disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Low levels of creatinine in the urine may point to a kidney disease, certain muscular and neuromuscular disorders, or a blockage in the urinary tract. (kidshealth.org)
Elevated creatinine level signifies impaired kidney function or kidney disease . (medicinenet.com)
A high level of creatinine, which is filtered from the blood in healthy individuals, indicates kidney disease. (reference.com)
hi my uncle is diabetic and is having high creatinine level and kidney disease. (medhelp.org)
and what diet should we give him (with the thought that he is diabetic and suffering from kidney disease and is having a high creatinine level) hope to hear from you soon. (medhelp.org)
When there is kidney damage or kidney disease , and the kidneys are not able to filter waste efficiently, there will likely be a rise in creatinine levels in the blood. (davita.com)
Some people who have no symptoms of illness at all find out they have advance kidney disease when high creatinine levels are detected in routine blood tests. (davita.com)
A low GFR, just like an elevated serum creatinine, is not always evidence of kidney disease. (davita.com)
Urine albumin-creatinine ratio is used to classify stages of chronic kidney disease. (cdc.gov)
Some people may have an incidental finding of severe kidney disease and elevated creatinine on routine blood work without having any symptoms. (rxlist.com)
Kidney disease or blocked urine flow from your kidney causes both BUN and creatinine levels to rise. (cigna.com)
as kidney disease progresses, the level of creatinine in the blood increases. (abcam.com)
A urine albumin test and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) are used to screen for kidney disease in people with chronic conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension). (labcorp.com)
Creatinine measurements are useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic nephropathy, the leading cause of kidney disease in patients commencing renal replacement therapy, affecting 40% of diabetics (type 1 and type 2) 5 . (randox.com)
is designed to explore issues related to key biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (creatinine, glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], cystatin C, and urine albumin) in the context of physiologic and laboratory limitations that may influence interpretation of the results. (aacc.org)
If you have kidney disease, or there is a suspicion that you may have a kidney problem, a doctor will not only check the creatinine levels, but also the levels of urea, which is produced in the liver and expelled in the urine. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
Creatinine-urea ratios are generally good indicators as to how well the kidneys are performing, or in the event of kidney disease, whether the disease is progressing or regressing, a situation can be determined though periodic testing. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
Creatinine testing may also be ordered when someone has symptoms of kidney disease, is monitoring treatment for kidney disorders or is about to undergo a procedure involving the administering of drugs which may affect the kidneys. (requestatest.com)
The Protein and Creatinine urine test will measure the levels of protein, creatinine and protein:creatinine ratio to assess for chronic kidney disease. (healthtestingcenters.com)

Serum creatinine (a blood measurement) is an important indicator of renal health because it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
Serum creatinine (a blood measurement) is an important indicator of kidney health because it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)

A microalbumin creatinine ratio compares the amount of albumin to the amount of creatinine in your urine. (medlineplus.gov)
Because of this, your health care provider can more accurately measure the amount of albumin by comparing it to the amount of creatinine in your urine. (medlineplus.gov)
A urine creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in the urine. (kidshealth.org)
At the lab, the technician will determine the quantity of albumin in the urine and compare it with the amount of creatinine in the urine. (kidshealth.org)
It is for this reason that standard blood tests routinely check the amount of creatinine in the blood. (medicinenet.com)
This test measures the amount of creatinine in your blood and/or urine. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
Since it is produced and removed at a relatively constant rate, the amount of creatinine in urine can be compared to the amount of another substance being measured. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
If your kidneys are damaged and can't work as they should, the amount of creatinine in your urine goes down while its level in your blood goes up. (cigna.com)
The amount of creatinine in the blood depends partly on the amount of muscle tissue you have. (cigna.com)
Any one person will produce the same amount of creatinine each day. (kidney.org.uk)
The problem with using creatinine levels to assess kidney function is that the total amount of creatinine produced each day depends on how much muscle the person has, and people vary a lot in how much muscle they have. (kidney.org.uk)
One way of getting round this problem is to measure the amount of creatinine a person produces in a day, as well as the level in the blood, by asking the person to collect all the urine they pass in a 24-hour period. (kidney.org.uk)
During a normal pregnancy, increased blood volume and kidney function cause an increase in the amount of creatinine filtered out of the blood and passed into the urine. (healthwise.net)
By comparing the amount of creatinine in your blood or urine with a standard normal amount, your health care provider can get a good idea of how well your kidneys are working. (vidanthealth.com)

A more complete estimation of renal function can be made when interpreting the blood (plasma) concentration of creatinine along with that of urea . (princeton.edu)
for example, a urea level raised out of proportion to the creatinine may indicate a pre-renal problem such as volume depletion. (princeton.edu)
In medicine , the BUN-to-creatinine ratio is the ratio of two serum laboratory values, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) and serum creatinine (Cr) (mg/dL). (wikipedia.org)
In Canada and Europe the units are also different (mmol/L). The units of creatinine are also different (μmol/L), and this value is termed the urea-to-creatinine ratio . (wikipedia.org)
however, urea reabsorbed by the tubules can be regulated (increased or decreased) whereas creatinine reabsorption remains the same (minimal reabsorption). (wikipedia.org)
Urea and creatinine are nitrogenous end products of metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Kidney function can be monitored by getting an estimate of creatinine, urea and potassium. (medhelp.org)
Both blood urea nitrogen, or BUN, and creatinine are nitrogenous wastes produced by the muscles. (livestrong.com)
Linearity comparisons were made between predictors of renal functioning (serum urea nitrogen (SUN) level, creatinine level, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) rate, and Mayo estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and one-year mortality risk, risk magnitude, and relative importance of predictors. (rwjf.org)
Like creatinine, urea ends up in the blood. (livestrong.com)
These might include a creatinine blood test and a blood urea nitrogen, or BUN, test. (rochester.edu)
The levels of blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can be used to find the BUN-to-creatinine ratio. (cigna.com)
A higher than normal creatinine and blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) may be indicative of dehydration when BUN-to-creatinine ratio is abnormal, with BUN levels rising higher than creatinine levels. (statemaster.com)
In the case of dehydration, the ratio of urea to creatinine will give the doctor a good deal of information as to what might be happening. (healthandnutritiontips.net)

Serum creatinine levels are different from urine creatinine levels. (livestrong.com)
Urine creatinine levels should not be confused with serum creatinine levels because taken alone, urine levels are not indicators of disease. (livestrong.com)
If serum creatinine levels are not normal, it is important to get the test repeated before panicking. (livestrong.com)
Dialysis, however, was associated with greater mortality at low serum creatinine levels and with lower mortality at high serum creatinine levels. (medpagetoday.com)
Doctors therefore should take age, gender, and weight into account when interpreting serum creatinine levels, but this isn't easy. (kidney.org.uk)
Even small increases in serum creatinine levels during hospitalization raise the risk of end stage renal disease and mortality of elderly patients over the long term, according to a University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) study in the March issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine. (innovations-report.com)
More important than absolute creatinine level is the trend of serum creatinine levels over time. (wikidoc.org)

Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function. (princeton.edu)
Serum creatinine is the most commonly used indicator (but not direct measure) of renal function. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnostic serum creatinine studies are used to determine renal function. (wikipedia.org)
The reference interval is 0.6-1.3 mg/dL (53-115 μmol/L). Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test, and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function. (wikipedia.org)
Creatinine is the most commonly utilised assay in the assessment of renal function 3 . (randox.com)
The analysis of creatinine in COVID-19 patients on hospital admission and after 2 to 4 days highlighted impaired renal function and is the leading cause of death in these patients 8 . (randox.com)
Increasing incidence of renal disorders, growing incidence of other chronic disorders impacting renal function, rising awareness and adoption of preventive healthcare approaches, implementation of favorable government initiatives to promote renal health, rapid growth in the geriatric population, and increasing number of drug development initiatives are driving the growth of the global creatinine measurement market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
The main advantage of CysC as a marker of renal function is in the creatinine 'blind' area, the elderly and in paediatrics 5 . (randox.com)
A commonly used clinical estimation of renal function is based upon serum creatinine level as a surrogate marker, applying the Cockcroft-Gault formula. (thefreedictionary.com)

For a microalbumin creatinine ratio you will be asked to provide either a 24-hour urine sample or a random urine sample. (medlineplus.gov)
Urinary albumin and urinary creatinine are measured in a random urine collected in the MEC. (cdc.gov)
Note: See Analytical Note on comparing the urine albumin-creatinine ratio of the random urine (first collection) and the follow-up first-morning void urine (second collection). (cdc.gov)
Urinary albumin and urinary creatinine are measured in a random urine collected in the MEC (first collection) and a first morning void urine collected by the participant at home (second collection). (cdc.gov)
Therefore, measurement of urinary albumin and creatinine concentrations are performed and an albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined from both a random urine and a first morning void. (cdc.gov)
This property of creatinine allows its measurement to be used to correct for urine concentration when measuring albumin in a random urine sample. (labtestsonline.org)
In this study, we shall compare the estimation of urine sodium excretion measured by a laboratory with estimation of sodium excretion from measurement of chloride/creatinine ration in a random urine sample. (clinicaltrials.gov)

A microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio urine test involves measuring the amount of a protein called albumin in the urine (pee). (kidshealth.org)
Urine creatinine levels are used to calculate other values such as protein creatinine ratios or calcium creatinine ratios. (livestrong.com)
Examples of this are when creatinine is measured with protein to calculate a urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/CR) and when it is measured with microalbumin to calculate microalbumin/creatinine ratio (also known as albumin/creatinine ratio, ACR). (labtestsonline.org.uk)
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse reports that you can maintain low creatinine and BUN counts by keeping your sodium, cholesterol, potassium and protein intake in check. (livestrong.com)
Your healthcare provider may also order a protein-to-creatinine ratio test done on your urine. (rochester.edu)
This will look at the amount of protein compared with creatinine. (rochester.edu)
Creatinine is a waste product from protein in the diet and from the muscles of the body. (abcam.com)
Increased dietary intake of creatine or eating a lot of protein (like meat) can increase daily creatinine excretion. (wikipedia.org)
An increase in serum creatinine can be due to increased ingestion of cooked meat (which contains creatinine converted from creatine by the heat from cooking) or excessive intake of protein and creatine supplements, taken to enhance athletic performance. (wikipedia.org)
Albumin is a protein in the body and creatinine is a waste product filtered by the kidneys. (healthtestingcenters.com)

The bloodstream carries creatinine to the kidneys, which filter it out of the blood, then creatinine passes out of the body in the urine (pee). (kidshealth.org)
The levels of creatinine in the bloodstream or urine can be checked if there is a concern that someone may have a disease of the liver or muscles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Creatinine is always present in the bloodstream, where it is removed by the kidneys and leaves the body in urine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Creatinine is transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys. (medicinenet.com)
Everyone has creatinine in their bloodstream. (mcw.edu)
Typically, creatinine is removed by the kidneys, therefore, elevated levels of this waste product in the bloodstream is an indicator of less than optimal kidney filtration. (wisegeek.com)
Serum creatinine is a test that draws blood and sends it to a laboratory to be analyzed to find out how much creatinine is in the bloodstream. (davita.com)
Creatinine is filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys. (kidney.org.uk)
The level the creatinine builds up to in the bloodstream therefore depends on a balance between the amount produced and the efficiency of filtration in the kidneys. (kidney.org.uk)
The muscles metabolize creatine into creatinine and then release creatinine into the bloodstream. (wisegeek.com)
Several medical conditions in addition to diabetes are capable of causing increased creatinine levels in the bloodstream, including muscular dystrophy and glomerulonephritis. (wisegeek.com)
Creatine in the bloodstream passes through the kidneys where it is transformed into creatinine. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
Some of the creatinine is then passed of the body through the urine, as waste and some of it is returned to the bloodstream, where it performs a very useful function. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
A kidney stone blocking the urinary tract will result in creatinine levels in the bloodstream to markedly increase, and heart failure or excessive blood loss due to trauma can do the same. (healthandnutritiontips.net)

Creatinine is chiefly filtered out of the blood by the kidneys (glomerular filtration and proximal tubular secretion). (princeton.edu)
Creatinine is removed from the blood chiefly by the kidneys, primarily by glomerular filtration , but also by proximal tubular secretion . (wikipedia.org)
While there is no such thing as abnormally low creatinine levels, abnormally high levels can be symptomatic of many kidney disorders ranging from diabetes, glomerular disease, birth defects such as renal dysplasia and many other kidney diseases. (livestrong.com)
Knowing your serum creatinine allows your doctor to calculate your creatinine level along with your age, gender and race, to determine your glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (davita.com)
a b c Gault MH et al: Predicting Glomerular Function from Adjusted Serum Creatinine. (bionity.com)
The use of serum creatinine as a marker of glomerular filtration and kidney injury relies on certain convenience assumptions. (wikidoc.org)
Less dramatic consequences created by concern for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) were the adoption of "preventive" measures, such as formal patient questionnaires and measurements of precontrast serum creatinine level or estimated glomerular filtration rate. (thefreedictionary.com)
A blood creatinine level is also used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) which is a measure of the kidney filtration function. (ndtv.com)

What is a microalbumin creatinine ratio? (medlineplus.gov)
Why do I need a microalbumin creatinine ratio? (medlineplus.gov)
If you have high blood pressure, you may get a microalbumin creatinine ratio at regular intervals, as recommended by your health care provider. (medlineplus.gov)
You don't need any special preparations for a microalbumin creatinine ratio. (medlineplus.gov)
If your microalbumin creatinine ratio shows albumin in your urine, you may get tested again to confirm the results. (medlineplus.gov)
Is there anything else I need to know about a microalbumin creatinine ratio? (medlineplus.gov)
A prealbumin test is used to diagnose different conditions than a microalbumin creatinine ratio. (medlineplus.gov)

A rise in blood creatinine level is observed only with marked damage to functioning nephrons . (princeton.edu)
A blood test to measure the creatinine level in the blood is also usually done. (kidshealth.org)
Because creatinine is filtered out at a fairly steady rate, doctors compare the creatinine level with levels of other substances to see if they're excreted at a normal rate. (kidshealth.org)
In simple words, we can say that kidneys manage the level of creatinine in the blood. (selfgrowth.com)
A normal creatinine level in the blood of an adult male is 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams per deciliter and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL in an adult female. (selfgrowth.com)
Increased blood creatinine level indicates poor kidney functionality. (selfgrowth.com)
When your blood creatinine level increases, you may notice many complications. (selfgrowth.com)
Creatinine levels vary from person to person depending on factors such as body size, age, or gender, so there is no standard or 'normal' level. (medicalnewstoday.com)
If kidney function is not normal, creatinine level in your urine decreases. (ucsfhealth.org)
If kidney function is abnormal, creatinine level increases in the blood because less creatinine is excreted through the urine. (ucsfhealth.org)
All patients with newly discovered renal insufficiency (as evidenced by serum creatinine elevated to a level above the upper limit of the normal range of that laboratory, adjusted for age and height in children) must undergo investigations to determine the potential reversibility of disease, to evaluate the prognosis and to optimize planning of care. (cmaj.ca)
All patients with an established, progressive increase in serum creatinine level should be followed with a nephrologist. (cmaj.ca)
Nephrologists should provide consultation in a timely manner for any patient with an elevated serum creatinine level. (cmaj.ca)
It can be calculated (estimated) by a formula using serum (blood) creatinine level, patient's weight, and age. (medicinenet.com)
The formula is 140 minus the patient's age in years times their weight in kilograms (times 0.85 for women), divided by 72 times the serum creatinine level in mg/dL. (medicinenet.com)
The BUN-to-creatinine ratio generally provides more precise information about kidney function and its possible underlying cause compared with creatinine level alone. (medicinenet.com)
hello my name ayman age 16 dialysis from 2 years creatinine level 13.4 My health is bad. (medhelp.org)
my doctor suggested to undergo dialysis an dafter 3 dialysis my potassium level is normal and i have a creatinine level of 3.4 it was maintained the same creatinine for 3 days after stopping dialysis. (medhelp.org)
As the kidneys become impaired the creatinine level in the blood will rise. (medhelp.org)
So as the function of the kidney improves the level of creatinine will get back to normal in the blood. (medhelp.org)
question is how do we lower his creatinine level. (medhelp.org)
I am not sure what a .4 rise in your creatinine level might signal, but that can be as much as a 10 point drop in GFR. (healthboards.com)
It does seem odd that going to a 2.0 is grounds for stage 4, but when you put my age (61) and that creatinine level in the GFR calculator, it comes out that way. (healthboards.com)
SUN level, creatinine level, and eGFR were linearly related to mortality risk. (rwjf.org)
A normal creatinine level, according to MayoClinic.com, falls somewhere between 0.6 to 1.2 mg per dL. (livestrong.com)
My creatinine level in urine was 71. (healingwell.com)
The reference level for creatinine in a male is below 1.2. (healingwell.com)
Other factors that may affect the level of creatinine in the blood include body size, activity level and medications. (davita.com)
The need for a dialysis machine to remove wastes from the blood is based upon several considerations including the BUN, creatinine level, the potassium level and how much fluid the patient is retaining. (rxlist.com)
They generally do not correlate with the level of creatinine in the blood. (rxlist.com)
Any condition that impairs the function of the kidneys is likely to raise the creatinine level in the blood. (rxlist.com)
This test measures the level of a substance called creatinine in your urine. (rochester.edu)
If you are muscular, your urine creatinine level may be higher than normal. (rochester.edu)
If you are of small stature or have little muscle mass because of disease, your urine creatinine level will likely be lower than normal. (rochester.edu)
Your urine creatinine level may be higher if you are African American, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian. (rochester.edu)
The blood creatinine level shows how well your kidneys are working. (cigna.com)
Creatinine, a byproduct of muscle metabolism, is normally released into the urine at a constant rate and its level in the urine is an indication of the urine concentration. (labtestsonline.org)
Both of these things increase the level of creatinine in your blood WITHOUT affecting your kidneys. (startingstrength.com)
This means that a given level of creatinine in the blood can indicate normal kidney function in one person, but only 30% of normal kidney function in another. (kidney.org.uk)
For more information on how blood tests to measure creatinine levels can be used to estimate the level of kidney function in an individual, click here . (kidney.org.uk)
Previous studies have shown that a rise in serum creatinine level of 0.3 milligrams per deciliter or more during hospitalization is associated with higher in-hospital mortality, longer stays and higher costs," Newsome said. (innovations-report.com)
Incidences of end stage renal disease and death were greatest among patients with larger changes in creatinine level, and all levels of serum creatinine increase were associated with a greater risk of end stage renal disease and death. (innovations-report.com)
Kidney failure typically requires kidney dialysis treatment to get creatinine levels down to a normal level. (wisegeek.com)
Creatinine is a product which forms naturally in your body, and a high creatinine level simply means you have more of this product than you should. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
When one or both kidneys are not functioning properly, a urine test will exhibit a low creatinine level while a blood test will show the presence of a high creatinine level. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
If your dog's creatinine level is 23mg/dl she is in kidney failure. (vetinfo.com)
Laboratory will measure the 24 hour urine volume, creatinine level from the blood and urine and do calculation from the results. (myhealth.gov.my)
Q: I have Type 2 diabetes, which is under control, but my creatinine level fluctuates between 2.2 and 3, staying mostly at 2.6. (dispatch.com)
So a higher creatinine level means that the kidneys aren t doing as good a job at getting rid of waste products in the blood. (dispatch.com)
With poor kidney function, the creatinine level might be as high as 10 typically about the time that a person starts dialysis (which is basically an artificial kidney outside the body for a few hours several times a week). (dispatch.com)
Kidney function, as approximated by the creatinine level, affects one s risk during a surgery. (dispatch.com)
A creatinine level greater than 2 indicates a higher risk of both heart and lung complications around the time of a surgery. (dispatch.com)
He did, however, seem to be concerned that my creatinine level was at 1.4, when it had been at 1.1 immediately post-surgery. (cancer.org)
Moreover, the authors mentioned in the methodology section that they diagnosed chronic renal failure if the serum creatinine level of the patient were above 1. (thefreedictionary.com)
The mean serum creatinine level prior to pregnancy was 1. (thefreedictionary.com)
Patients in the empagliflozin group also had a significantly lower risk of progression to macroalbuminuria or clinically relevant renal outcomes, such as a doubling of the serum creatinine level and initiation of renal replacement therapy, than did those in the placebo group," Dr. (thefreedictionary.com)
In our hospital, patients whose preoperative blood test revealed a serum creatinine level greater than 1. (thefreedictionary.com)
In fact, the serum creatinine level is in a significant positive correlation with the body height and mass in children [34], while the serum concentration of cysC after the first year of life and during the childhood is stable and is not subjected to these factors. (thefreedictionary.com)
The authors concluded that the hypothyroid state is associated with a consistent elevation in the serum creatinine level , presumably related to a decrease in the GFR. (thefreedictionary.com)
The serum creatinine level was 263 [micro]mol/L, which was 62 [micro]mol/L one month ago. (thefreedictionary.com)
5 mg/dl increase in the basal serum creatinine level observed 48 hours after exposure to the contrast medium. (thefreedictionary.com)
Is my serum creatinine level normal? (ndtv.com)
Home » Frequently asked Questions on Health » Is my serum creatinine level normal? (ndtv.com)
I am regularly checking my serum creatinine level for last consecutive two months. (ndtv.com)
You have indicated that your blood creatinine level was 1.55 mg/dl, five months after your right kidney was removed surgically. (ndtv.com)
You also mentioned that the creatinine level was the same in the previous month also. (ndtv.com)
A normal level of creatinine depends on how much muscle mass you have. (vidanthealth.com)

Vegetarians have been shown to have lower creatinine levels. (princeton.edu)
Lower creatinine levels in an older adult, or in someone who is slightly underweight, should not be a serious cause for concern. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Women usually have lower creatinine levels than men because women, on average, have less muscle than men. (davita.com)
Vegetarians tend to have lower creatinine levels, because vegetables contain no creatinine. (wikidoc.org)

What Are Normal Urine Creatinine Levels? (reference.com)
For men, normal urine creatinine levels fall between 0.8 and 1.8 grams per day, according to the University of Rochester Medical Center. (reference.com)
Urine creatinine levels may fluctuate depending on race, muscle mass and certain medications. (reference.com)

Creatinine is a waste product made by your muscles as part of regular, everyday activity. (medlineplus.gov)
Creatinine is a waste product that the muscles produce at a steady rate as part of normal daily activity. (kidshealth.org)
Low levels of the waste product creatinine in the body could be a sign that the liver or muscles are not working as well as they should. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Low creatinine levels could indicate a problem with the muscles or liver but may be due to something less serious, such as reduced muscle mass in older adults, or pregnancy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Creatinine is produced from creatine, a molecule of major importance for energy production in muscles. (medicinenet.com)
To monitor kidney function, doctors measure serum levels of creatinine, which is made from the breakdown of creatine phosphate from the muscles. (ehow.co.uk)
Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles. (livestrong.com)
When muscles work hard, they convert creatine into creatinine. (livestrong.com)
Creatinine is a waste product produced in your muscles from the breakdown of a compound called creatine. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
Creatinine is a waste product that your body makes when you use your muscles. (rochester.edu)
The confusion arises when people train and have more lean body mass than average, which leads to more creatinine being dumped into the serum by muscles. (startingstrength.com)
In humans, creatinine production is relatively stable, but mainly depends on muscles mass. (randox.com)
When muscles use energy, they release a waste product called creatinine into the blood. (healthwise.net)
Creatinine is a waste product that the body produces when muscles are used. (wisegeek.com)
There are a number of diseases or disorders affecting the muscles, including muscular dystrophy, which will cause creatinine levels to rise. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
Summary - The Canary In The Coal Mine - The presence of creatinine not only is important as far as our muscles are concerned, but also serves as a kind of canary in a coal mine capacity. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
A: Creatinine is a waste product of muscles. (dispatch.com)
Creatinine is a waste product that builds up in your blood from using your muscles. (vidanthealth.com)

Derivation included the relationship found between age and 24-hour creatinine excretion/kg in 249 patients aged 18-92. (nih.gov)
The volume of serum or plasma that would be cleared of creatinine by one minute's excretion of urine. (dictionary.com)
Since the ACR depends not only on urinary albumin but also on urinary creatinine excretion, it will be affected by gender and age because muscle mass is lower in females than in males and decreases with age. (cdc.gov)
Those assumptions include that creatinine is only filtered by the kidney, its excretion rate shows little variability among individuals and over time, and measurement is accurate and reproducible. (wikidoc.org)
We report that in sickle cell disease, both spot and two-hour timed urine collections for measurements of albumin concentration or albumin:creatinine ratios are good proxy measures of total 24-hour albumin excretion. (uwi.edu)
Whereas measurement of albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) in spot urine samples is indicated for determining microalbuminuria, its performance or that of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in predicting microalbuminuria in sickle cell disease (SCD) is unclear. (uwi.edu)

GFR is estimated from a routine measurement of creatinine in the blood. (medicinenet.com)
Creatinine measurement is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, in monitoring renal dialysis, and is used to standardize other urinary analytes (e.g. environmental chemicals). (cdc.gov)
Creatinine Measurement Module Operating and Service Instructions, Beckman ASTRA. (cdc.gov)
The creatinine measurement market is highly fragmented in nature with many big and small players. (marketsandmarkets.com)
F. Hoffmann-La Roche was the leading player in the creatinine measurement market in 2017. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Danaher is one of the major players in the creatinine measurement market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
They will also have a better appreciation for the challenges of creatinine measurement in other parts of the world, and potential shortcomings with the use of cystatin C in calculating eGFR. (aacc.org)

Ketoacids , cimetidine and trimethoprim reduce creatinine tubular secretion and therefore increase the accuracy of the GFR estimate, particularly in severe renal dysfunction. (princeton.edu)
In the absence of secretion, creatinine behaves like inulin . (princeton.edu)
A high reading may be due to increased production of creatinine not due to decreased kidney function, to interference with the assay, or to decreased tubular secretion of creatinine. (wikipedia.org)
Creatinine secretion by the tubules can be blocked by some medications, again increasing measured creatinine. (wikipedia.org)

Most of the time, tests for albumin and creatinine are done on a urine sample collected randomly (not timed) and an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is calculated. (labtestsonline.org)

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) laboratory analyzed the serum creatinine specimens using a Roche coupled enzymatic assay (creatininase, creatinase, sarcosine oxidase, kits # 1775677 and 1775766) performed on a Roche P Module instrument. (cdc.gov)
In this enzymatic method creatinine is converted to creatine under the activity of creatininase. (cdc.gov)
Meanwhile, he said, specimens from people with diabetes show fairly common positive interferences with some Jaffe methods, but not with enzymatic methods for creatinine. (aacc.org)
This study demonstrates that mild non-enzymatic conditions are sufficient for the cyclization of creatine ethyl ester into creatinine, and together with previous results obtained under enzymatic conditions suggests that there are no physiological conditions that would result in the production of creatine. (nih.gov)

Normally, your kidneys filter creatinine from your blood and send it out of the body in your urine. (medlineplus.gov)
The kidneys filter out most of the creatinine and dispose of it in the urine. (medicinenet.com)
Healthy kidneys filter out most creatinine. (ehow.co.uk)
Properly functioning kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood and into the urine for disposal. (livestrong.com)
A person's kidneys filter creatinine from the blood and remove it from the body during urination. (wisegeek.com)

Recently my wife has blood creatinine test and report is high. (medhelp.org)
This test gives better information than a blood creatinine test on how well your kidneys are working. (cigna.com)

People who are more muscular tend to have higher creatinine levels. (healthline.com)
Men generally have higher creatinine levels than women. (cigna.com)
For patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), dialysis is associated with better survival among those with higher creatinine levels, but higher mortality for those with lower levels, researchers found. (medpagetoday.com)

Creatinine (from the Greek κρέας , flesh) is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle , and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). (princeton.edu)
Creatinine is created by muscle metabolism breaking down creatine phosphate. (heart.org)
Creatinine itself is produced [3] via a biological system involving creatine , phosphocreatine (also known as creatine phosphate), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP, the body's immediate energy supply). (wikipedia.org)
Creatinine is produced by creatine and creatine phosphate as a result of muscle metabolic processes. (cdc.gov)

How the high blood creatinine can be calculated? (selfgrowth.com)
By conducting these tests, a nephrologists can determine if your creatinine value is high. (selfgrowth.com)
When your creatinine value is high then you should choose the best treatment to cure all complications related to high creatinine. (selfgrowth.com)
What can be the best way to cure high creatinine? (selfgrowth.com)
In order to reduce high creatinine, Ayurvedic treatment is the best way. (selfgrowth.com)
In high creatinine condition, if your creatinine is rising due to poor kidney functionality then Ayurvedic treatment aims to fix your kidney condition so that to provide a permanent cure. (selfgrowth.com)
While, if you choose Allopathic treatment for high creatinine then this modern treatment will take the help of dialysis and some medicines. (selfgrowth.com)
This test is most often used to judge high, rather than low creatinine levels in the body and is likely to be used alongside other tests to look at overall kidney health. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Abnormally high levels of creatinine thus warn of possible malfunction or failure of the kidneys. (medicinenet.com)
Wondering if anybody has any idea of why someones creatinine would be consistently high, bu. (medhelp.org)
Creatinine levels can be lowered by treating underlying causes such as high blood pressure or diabetes with diet, exercise or medication, according to WebMD. (reference.com)
Check what units are being used if a creatinine value seems impossibly high or low. (livestrong.com)
If creatinine levels are abnormally high on repeated tests, additional diagnostic work will be necessary to determine the nature of the disorder. (livestrong.com)
Unfortunately, I am looking at my recent result and my creatinine is HIGH at 1.07 I don't know what any of this mean yet but I have health anxiety. (healingwell.com)
High creatinine levels occur due to any number of diseases that cause the kidneys to shut down, including dehydration, shock, congestive heart failure, and bladder outlet obstruction. (healingwell.com)
There are no definitive symptoms that are caused by high creatinine levels, though the following could be possibly linked: fatigued, shortness of breath, feeling dehydrated, and confusion. (healingwell.com)
What are considered high creatinine levels? (rxlist.com)
What are the symptoms associated with high creatinine levels? (rxlist.com)
What causes elevated (high) creatinine levels in the blood? (rxlist.com)
This causes a high BUN-to-creatinine ratio. (cigna.com)
Patients with a higher creatinine at initiation of dialysis fare better not only than those who initiate dialysis at a lower creatinine, but also those who do not initiate dialysis at a high creatinine," the researchers wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
How concerned should I be about having high levels of creatinine? (startingstrength.com)
If the kidneys are not functioning normally, high amounts of creatinine remain in the blood while low amounts are passed out in the urine. (healthwise.net)
People with a high muscle mass , such as athletes, generally have higher-than-average creatinine levels in their blood. (wisegeek.com)
Often, a diet that is high in red meat increases creatinine levels in the blood, especially after a person eats a large amount of meat. (wisegeek.com)
High blood pressure, or hypertension , can damage a person's kidneys and cause unhealthy levels of increased creatinine to build up in the body. (wisegeek.com)
Capillary electrophoresis, rapid and inexpensive, seems a promising alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for creatinine determination in human serum. (nih.gov)
What Does High Creatinine Signify? (healthandnutritiontips.net)
Other Causes Of Creatinine Imbalances - While kidney problems are normally what account for high creatinine levels in the blood, there are other possible causes as well. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
Hypothyroidism and carbon monoxide poisoning are two other causes of high creatinine. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
In the case of high creatinine, the finger of guilt points to the kidneys. (healthandnutritiontips.net)
If bp very high, creatinine elevated motrin pregnancy may be due to unopposed adductor action of conventional cervical smear, monolayer cytology, and human evolution: Anatomical and obstetrical mechanics in primates. (nationalautismcenter.org)

The normal serum creatinine (sCr) varies with the subject's body muscle mass and with the technique used to measure it. (wikipedia.org)
Creatinine is a normal waste product found in urine. (medlineplus.gov)
Creatinine is a normal chemical waste product that is produced when the body uses muscle metabolism. (selfgrowth.com)
Pregnancy is often a cause of low creatinine levels, which should return to normal after a woman has given birth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The kidneys maintain the blood creatinine in a normal range. (medicinenet.com)
Creatinine is a waste product formed by the normal breakdown of muscle cells. (medicinenet.com)
Normal levels of creatinine in the blood are approximately 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dL) in adult males and 0.5 to 1.1 milligrams per deciliter in adult females. (medicinenet.com)
Creatinine is a waste product produced by normal muscle breakdown, filtered through the kidneys and excreted in urine. (reference.com)
Normal levels of creatinine in the blood vary from gender and age of the individual. (medhelp.org)
According to the Family Practice Notebook, normal creatinine values for adult males are between 0.8 and 1.3 mg/dl. (livestrong.com)
Creatinine is a normal metabolic by-product of muscle tissue function. (livestrong.com)
Maintaining normal levels of creatinine and BUN may involve taking medications or altering your diet. (livestrong.com)
Those with one kidney will have higher than "normal" levels of creatinine circulating in their blood (roughly 1.8 mg/dl or 160 umol/L). (healingwell.com)
Most men with normal kidney function have approximately 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams/deciliters (mg/dL) of creatinine. (davita.com)
Most women with normal kidney function have between 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL of creatinine. (davita.com)
come to an agreement with your doctor that 1.3 is your normal baseline serum creatinine, and not to worry unless it increases beyond that. (startingstrength.com)
Creatinine measurements are useful in the monitoring of disease progression, with the diagnosis of renal failure when SCr levels are greater than the upper normal interval 4 . (randox.com)
What are the "normal" creatinine levels for a six-foot-tall, 50-year-old woman with one kidney? (cancer.org)

When creatine breaks down as it is used for energy, creatinine is created as a waste product. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Although it is a waste product, research suggests that creatinine in the body may also play a part in fighting disease, as it has been shown to stop the growth of bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Creatinine is a chemical waste product of creatine. (ucsfhealth.org)
The amount of urine albumin is compared with the quantity of a waste product in the urine called creatinine. (kidshealth.org)
Creatinine is a waste product that forms when creatine, which is found in your muscle, breaks down. (healthline.com)
Creatinine, a waste product, is always present to some degree in the body. (livestrong.com)
Creatinine is a waste product of the major energy metabolite creatine. (healingwell.com)
Creatinine is a chemical waste product in the blood that passes through the kidneys to be filtered and eliminated in urine. (davita.com)
Creatinine is the waste product derived from muscle creatinine and is released into the blood at a relatively constant rate. (cdc.gov)

The potential benefits of earlier referral to a nephrologist of patients with elevated levels of serum creatinine include identifying and treating reversible causes of renal failure, slowing the rate of decline associated with progressive renal insufficiency, managing the coexisting conditions associated with chronic renal failure and facilitating efficient entry into dialysis programs for all patients who might benefit. (cmaj.ca)
I didn't go on dialysis until my creatinine was about 10 or 11. (healthboards.com)
However, creatinine is just one of many factors considered when deciding whether or not to recommend dialysis treatment. (davita.com)
In a single-center study, risk of death with dialysis initiation fell by about 20% with each mg/dL increase in creatinine ( P =0.001), Perry Wilson, MD , of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and colleagues reported in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology . (medpagetoday.com)
They found that as serum creatinine increased, the risk of death with dialysis initiation fell by 20% for each mg/dL increase in creatinine levels ( P =0.001). (medpagetoday.com)
Among patients with creatinine levels above 4.2 mg/dL, 57% of those who weren't on dialysis died, compared with 47% of those who did get dialysis ( P =0.05). (medpagetoday.com)
And among patients with creatinine levels below 2.8 mg/dL, 64% of those who didn't get dialysis died during hospitalization compared with 78% who did go on dialysis ( P =0.005). (medpagetoday.com)
Conversely, patients who initiate dialysis at a low creatinine do worse than matched patients who do not initiate dialysis at a low creatinine. (medpagetoday.com)

The body normally filters out creatinine in the urine at a steady rate, so comparing the ratio of urine albumin with creatinine in the same urine specimen helps determine if the body is excreting albumin at an increased rate. (kidshealth.org)
The ratio of urine albumin to urine creatinine is used to predict nephropathy risk in diabetic patients. (cdc.gov)

There is little-to-no tubular reabsorption of creatinine. (princeton.edu)
Little or no tubular reabsorption of creatinine occurs. (wikipedia.org)

However, in cases of severe renal dysfunction, the CrCl rate will overestimate the GFR because hypersecretion of creatinine by the proximal tubules will account for a larger fraction of the total creatinine cleared. (wikipedia.org)

Blood creatinine levels may also be used alone to calculate the estimated GFR (eGFR). (wikipedia.org)
That is to say, that as creatinine levels increase in a blood serum sample, there is a drop in percentage of kidney function, however, this drop of eGFR might be more meaningful, say between 1.0 to 1.5, than between 1.5-2.0. (healthboards.com)
The principal advantage of cystatin C, Miller said, is for use in children and older adults, in whom creatinine-based eGFR is less reliable, or in patients with conditions such as unusual muscle mass. (aacc.org)
Miller expects participants in this session will better understand the classification of CKD based on biomarkers and the relationship of creatinine and eGFR to kidney function. (aacc.org)
EGFR is calculated based on a person's creatinine levels. (requestatest.com)

This ratio can help your doctor check for problems, such as dehydration, that may cause abnormal BUN and creatinine levels. (cigna.com)
Dehydration generally causes BUN levels to rise more than creatinine levels. (cigna.com)
Dehydration secondary to an inflammatory process with fever may cause a false increase in creatinine concentrations not related to an actual kidney injury, as in some cases with cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
These tests are often conducted when people are taking medications which have a potential to cause kidney damage or medications that may cause dehydration, which also will influence creatinine levels. (healthandnutritiontips.net)

the concentration of creatinine in serum, used as a diagnostic sign of renal impairment. (thefreedictionary.com)

This is an endpoint reaction that agrees well with recognized HPLC methods, and it has the advantage over Jaffe picric acid-based methods that are susceptible to interferences from non-creatinine chromogens. (cdc.gov)
The Randox Jaffe creatinine assay displayed a correlation coefficient of at least r=0.99 when compared to commercially available methods. (randox.com)
The Randox Jaffe creatinine assay has a measuring range of 16 - 2448µmol/l for the comfortable detection of clinically important results. (randox.com)
The Randox Jaffe creatinine assay is available in a liquid ready-to-use format for convenience and ease-of-use . (randox.com)
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox Jaffe creatinine assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers. (randox.com)

Generally, diseases or conditions that impair the ability of the kidneys to clear waste products from the blood will yield elevated creatinine levels in the blood. (wisegeek.com)

Main outcome measures Poisson regression was used to compare rates of end stage renal disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death among patients with creatinine increases of 30% or more after starting treatment against those without such increases, and for each 10% increase in creatinine. (bmj.com)

The rate difference between the two wavelengths is proportional to the concentration of creatinine in the reaction cup. (cdc.gov)

Also when your blood creatinine increases, it will put extra workload on the kidneys and can damage them. (selfgrowth.com)
With these findings, the study calls for clinicians to closely monitor and aggressively treat patients experiencing increases in creatinine levels. (innovations-report.com)
Results Among the 2078 (1.7%) patients with creatinine increases of 30% or more, a higher proportion were female, were elderly, had cardiorenal comorbidity, and used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, loop diuretics, or potassium sparing diuretics. (bmj.com)
Creatinine increases of 30% or more were associated with an increased adjusted incidence rate ratio for all outcomes, compared with increases of less than 30%: 3.43 (95% confidence interval 2.40 to 4.91) for end stage renal disease, 1.46 (1.16 to 1.84) for myocardial infarction, 1.37 (1.14 to 1.65) for heart failure, and 1.84 (1.65 to 2.05) for death. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Increases in creatinine after the start of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment were associated with adverse cardiorenal outcomes in a graduated relation, even below the guideline recommended threshold of a 30% increase for stopping treatment. (bmj.com)

For this reason, creatinine concentrations will be slightly higher in men than in women and children. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
If the filtration in the kidney is deficient, blood creatinine concentrations rise. (wikipedia.org)
Men tend to have higher concentrations of creatinine than women because, in general, they have a greater mass of skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
A titrator stick that measures chloride ion concentration (chloride and sodium concentrations correlate strongly with each other), and a titrator stick that measures urine creatinine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Objective To examine long term cardiorenal outcomes associated with increased concentrations of creatinine after the start of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment. (bmj.com)
2 Despite unambiguous recommendations to detect sudden renal impairment by monitoring serum creatinine before and after the start of ACEI/ARB treatment and to discontinue treatment if creatinine concentrations increase by 30% or more, 1 recent data show that only 10% of patients receive the recommended monitoring and only 20% of those with a creatinine increase of 30% or more after starting ACEI/ARB treatment discontinue the drugs. (bmj.com)

More often, low creatinine levels are a sign of losing muscle mass as people age, or it is a temporary condition during pregnancy or periods of illness, or due to malnutrition . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Pregnancy affects creatinine levels though usually the levels will measure on the low side. (healthandnutritiontips.net)

The kidneys then filter creatinine from the blood. (healthwise.net)

Anatomy6

Organisms2

Diseases42

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment57

Phenomena and Processes18

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care32

Late referral of end-stage renal failure. (1/7078)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (2/7078)

Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. (3/7078)

Plasma total homocysteine and cysteine in relation to glomerular filtration rate in diabetes mellitus. (4/7078)

HIV-associated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection. (5/7078)

Long-term effects of cyclosporine A in Alport's syndrome. (6/7078)

Renal failure predisposes patients to adverse outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery. VA Cooperative Study #5. (7/7078)

Effect of fasting on temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (8/7078)

Creatinine

Kidney Function Tests

Kidney Diseases

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Kidney

Cystatin C

Acute Kidney Injury

Renal Insufficiency

Kidney Failure, Chronic

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Proteinuria

Biological Markers

Urea

Kidney Transplantation

Cystatins

Creatine

Urinalysis

Time Factors

Prospective Studies

Retrospective Studies

Metabolic Clearance Rate

Diabetic Nephropathies

Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Acetylglucosaminidase

Risk Factors

Treatment Outcome

Renal Dialysis

Uric Acid

Lipocalins

Predictive Value of Tests

Kidney Tubules

Peritoneal Dialysis

Iothalamic Acid

Dialysis Solutions

Reference Values

Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute

Immunosuppressive Agents

Nephrectomy

Follow-Up Studies

Autoanalysis

Anuria

Peritoneum

Iohexol

Blood Chemical Analysis

Blood Pressure

Picrates

Uremia

Glomerulonephritis, IGA

beta 2-Microglobulin

Specific Gravity

Cohort Studies

Graft Rejection

Cyclosporine

Serum Albumin

Urine

Severity of Illness Index

Hypertension

Prognosis

Inulin

Renal Artery Obstruction

Kidney Glomerulus

Oliguria

Graft Survival

Hippurates

Bilirubin

Glomerulonephritis

Age Factors

Contrast Media

Body Weight

Renal Artery

Risk Assessment

Chronic Disease

Regression Analysis

Cross-Sectional Studies

Colorimetry

Disease Progression

Ultrafiltration

Electrolytes

Multivariate Analysis