Creatine Kinase: A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.Dysprosium: Dysprosium. An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.Creatine Kinase, MM Form: An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the MUSCLE.Isoenzymes: Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.Creatine: An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.Creatine Kinase, BB Form: A form of creatine kinase found in the BRAIN.Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form: A form of creatine kinase found in the MITOCHONDRIA.Creatine Kinase, MB Form: An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the CARDIAC MUSCLE.Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases: Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.Clinical Enzyme Tests: Analyses for a specific enzyme activity, or of the level of a specific enzyme that is used to assess health and disease risk, for early detection of disease or disease prediction, diagnosis, and change in disease status.Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)MAP Kinase Signaling System: An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.Protein Kinases: A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.Arginine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the guanidine nitrogen of arginine in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation with formation of phosphorylarginine and ADP. EC 2.7.3.3.Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases: A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)src-Family Kinases: A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.L-Lactate Dehydrogenase: A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.Protein Kinase C: An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.Rhabdomyolysis: Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases: A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate: Electrophoresis in which cellulose acetate is the diffusion medium.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases: A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1: A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.Pyruvate Kinase: ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase. A phosphotransferase that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the presence of ATP. It has four isozymes (L, R, M1, and M2). Deficiency of the enzyme results in hemolytic anemia. EC 2.7.1.40.Adenylate Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. EC 2.7.4.3.Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.p21-Activated Kinases: A family of serine-threonine kinases that bind to and are activated by MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS such as RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS and CDC42 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN. They are intracellular signaling kinases that play a role the regulation of cytoskeletal organization.Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases: A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases: A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase: This enzyme catalyzes the last step of CREATINE biosynthesis by catalyzing the METHYLATION of guanidinoacetate to CREATINE.Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3: A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Muscular Diseases: Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.Amidinotransferases: Enzymes of a subclass of TRANSFERASES that catalyze the transfer of an amidino group from donor to acceptor. EC 2.1.4.Protein-Tyrosine Kinases: Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.Myoglobin: A conjugated protein which is the oxygen-transporting pigment of muscle. It is made up of one globin polypeptide chain and one heme group.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.CDC2 Protein Kinase: Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.Cyclin-Dependent Kinases: Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs).Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.
Tissue engineering of functional cardiac muscle: molecular, structural, and electrophysiological studies. (1/79)
The primary aim of this study was to relate molecular and structural properties of in vitro reconstructed cardiac muscle with its electrophysiological function using an in vitro model system based on neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, and bioreactors. After 1 wk of cultivation, we found that engineered cardiac muscle contained a 120- to 160-microm-thick peripheral region with cardiac myocytes that were electrically connected through gap junctions and sustained macroscopically continuous impulse propagation over a distance of 5 mm. Molecular, structural, and electrophysiological properties were found to be interrelated and depended on specific model system parameters such as the tissue culture substrate, bioreactor, and culture medium. Native tissue and the best experimental group (engineered cardiac muscle cultivated using laminin-coated scaffolds, rotating bioreactors, and low-serum medium) were comparable with respect to the conduction velocity of propagated electrical impulses and spatial distribution of connexin43. Furthermore, the structural and electrophysiological properties of the engineered cardiac muscle, such as cellularity, conduction velocity, maximum signal amplitude, capture rate, and excitation threshold, were significantly improved compared with our previous studies. (+info)Peroxynitrite induced nitration and inactivation of myofibrillar creatine kinase in experimental heart failure. (2/79)
OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress is implicated in the initiation and progression of congestive heart failure, but the putative reactive species and cellular targets involved remain undefined. We have previously shown that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-), an aggressive biological oxidant and nitrating agent) potently inhibits myofibrillar creatine kinase (MM-CK), a critical controller of contractility known to be impaired during heart failure. Here we hypothesized that nitration and inhibition of MM-CK participate in cardiac failure in vivo. METHODS: Heart failure was induced in rats by myocardial infarction (left coronary artery ligation) and confirmed by histological analysis at 8 weeks postinfarct (1.3+/-1.4 vs. 37.7+/-3.2% left ventricular circumference; sham control vs. CHF, n=10 each). RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significantly increased protein nitration in failing myocardium compared to control (optical density: 0.58+/-0.06 vs. 0.93+/-0.09, sham vs. CHF, P<0.05). Significant decreases in MM-CK activity and content were observed in failing hearts (MM-CK k(cat): 6.0+/-0.4 vs. 3.0+/-0.3 micromol/nM M-CK/min, P<0.05; 6.8+/-1.3 vs. 4.7+/-1.2% myofibrillar protein, P<0.05), with no change in myosin ATPase activity. In separate experiments, isolated rat cardiac myofibrils were exposed to ONOO(-) (2-250 microM) and enzyme studies were conducted. Identical to in vivo studies, selective reductions in MM-CK were observed at ONOO(-) concentrations as low as 2 microM (IC(50)=92.5+/-6.0 microM); myosin ATPase was unaffected with ONOO(-) concentrations as high as 250 microM. Concentration dependent nitration of MM-CK occurred and extent of nitration was statistically correlated to extent of CK inhibition (P<0.001). Immunoprecipitation of MM-CK from failing left ventricle yielded significant evidence of tyrosine nitration. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that cardiac ONOO(-) formation and perturbation of myofibrillar energetic controllers occur during experimental heart failure; MM-CK may be a critical cellular target in this setting. (+info)Production of recombinant human creatine kinase (r-hCK) isozymes by tandem repeat expression of M and B genes and characterization of r-hCK-MB. (3/79)
BACKGROUND: Serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) is widely used as a marker of myocardial injury. We prepared recombinant human CK (r-hCK) MB isoenzyme and examined its potential for use as a control material for assay of CK-MB in serum. METHODS: cDNAs encoding CK-M and CK-B subunits were inserted into the same plasmid vector, followed by transformation of Escherichia coli. The resulting three types of CK isoenzymes were purified by conventional chromatography. RESULTS: The ratio of MB to MM to BB was 50:40:10 on the basis of CK activity. Highly purified CK-MB with a specific activity of 533 U/mg was produced in a yield of 5.7 mg/g of packed cells. Purified r-hCK-MB had the isoelectric point (pI 5.3) and molecular size (46 kDa for the subunit) of native CK-MB. Its immunoreactivity in an ELISA using antibody against native heart enzyme was similar to that of cardiac CK-MB. The r-hCK-MB retained >90% activity for at least 4 months at 11 degrees C in a delipidated serum matrix in a liquid form at a concentration of 118 U/L. CONCLUSIONS: r-hCK-MB shows key properties of the native cardiac isoenzyme and may be useful as a control and calibrator for serum assays of CK-MB. (+info)Enhanced expression of the alpha 7 beta 1 integrin reduces muscular dystrophy and restores viability in dystrophic mice. (4/79)
Muscle fibers attach to laminin in the basal lamina using two distinct mechanisms: the dystrophin glycoprotein complex and the alpha 7 beta 1 integrin. Defects in these linkage systems result in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), alpha 2 laminin congenital muscular dystrophy, sarcoglycan-related muscular dystrophy, and alpha 7 integrin congenital muscular dystrophy. Therefore, the molecular continuity between the extracellular matrix and cell cytoskeleton is essential for the structural and functional integrity of skeletal muscle. To test whether the alpha 7 beta 1 integrin can compensate for the absence of dystrophin, we expressed the rat alpha 7 chain in mdx/utr(-/-) mice that lack both dystrophin and utrophin. These mice develop a severe muscular dystrophy highly akin to that in DMD, and they also die prematurely. Using the muscle creatine kinase promoter, expression of the alpha 7BX2 integrin chain was increased 2.0-2.3-fold in mdx/utr(-/-) mice. Concomitant with the increase in the alpha 7 chain, its heterodimeric partner, beta 1D, was also increased in the transgenic animals. Transgenic expression of the alpha 7BX2 chain in the mdx/utr(-/-) mice extended their longevity by threefold, reduced kyphosis and the development of muscle disease, and maintained mobility and the structure of the neuromuscular junction. Thus, bolstering alpha 7 beta 1 integrin-mediated association of muscle cells with the extracellular matrix alleviates many of the symptoms of disease observed in mdx/utr(-/-) mice and compensates for the absence of the dystrophin- and utrophin-mediated linkage systems. This suggests that enhanced expression of the alpha 7 beta 1 integrin may provide a novel approach to treat DMD and other muscle diseases that arise due to defects in the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. A video that contrasts kyphosis, gait, joint contractures, and mobility in mdx/utr(-/-) and alpha 7BX2-mdx/utr(-/-) mice can be accessed at http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/152/6/1207. (+info)Muscle-specific overexpression of the adenovirus primary receptor CAR overcomes low efficiency of gene transfer to mature skeletal muscle. (5/79)
Significant levels of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene transfer occur only in immature muscle or in regenerating muscle, indicating that a developmentally regulated event plays a major role in limiting transgene expression in mature skeletal muscle. We have previously shown that in developing mouse muscle, expression of the primary Ad receptor CAR is severely downregulated during muscle maturation. To evaluate how global expression of CAR throughout muscle affects Ad vector (AdV)-mediated gene transfer into mature skeletal muscle, we produced transgenic mice that express the CAR cDNA under the control of the muscle-specific creatine kinase promoter. Five-month-old transgenic mice were compared to their nontransgenic littermates for their susceptibility to AdV transduction. In CAR transgenics that had been injected in the tibialis anterior muscle with AdVCMVlacZ, increased gene transfer was demonstrated by the increase in the number of transduced muscle fibers (433 +/- 121 in transgenic mice versus 8 +/- 4 in nontransgenic littermates) as well as the 25-fold increase in overall beta-galactosidase activity. Even when the reporter gene was driven by a more efficient promoter (the cytomegalovirus enhancer-chicken beta-actin gene promoter), differential transducibility was still evident (893 +/- 149 versus 153 +/- 30 fibers; P < 0.001). Furthermore, a fivefold decrease in the titer of injected AdV still resulted in significant transduction of muscle (253 +/- 130 versus 14 +/- 4 fibers). The dramatic enhancement in AdV-mediated gene transfer to mature skeletal muscle that is observed in the CAR transgenics indicates that prior modulation of the level of CAR expression can overcome the poor AdV transducibility of mature skeletal muscle and significant transduction can be obtained at low titers of AdV. (+info)Overexpression of the LAR (leukocyte antigen-related) protein-tyrosine phosphatase in muscle causes insulin resistance. (6/79)
Previous reports indicate that the expression and/or activity of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) LAR are increased in insulin-responsive tissues of obese, insulin-resistant humans and rodents, but it is not known whether these alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. To address this question, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress human LAR, specifically in muscle, to levels comparable to those reported in insulin-resistant humans. In LAR-transgenic mice, fasting plasma insulin was increased 2.5-fold compared with wild-type controls, whereas fasting glucose was normal. Whole-body glucose disposal and glucose uptake into muscle in vivo were reduced by 39-50%. Insulin injection resulted in normal tyrosyl phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in muscle of transgenic mice. However, phosphorylation of IRS-2 was reduced by 62%, PI3' kinase activity associated with phosphotyrosine, IRS-1, or IRS-2 was reduced by 34-57%, and association of p85alpha with both IRS proteins was reduced by 39-52%. Thus, overexpression of LAR in muscle causes whole-body insulin resistance, most likely due to dephosphorylation of specific regulatory phosphotyrosines on IRS proteins. Our data suggest that increased expression and/or activity of LAR or related PTPs in insulin target tissues of obese humans may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. (+info)Screening of dystrophin gene deletions in Egyptian patients with DMD/BMD muscular dystrophies. (7/79)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are allelic disorders caused by mutations within the dystrophin gene. Our study has identified 100 Egyptian families collected from the Human Genetics Clinic, National Research Center, Cairo. All cases were subjected to complete clinical evaluation pedigree analysis, electromyography studies, estimation of serum creatine phosphokinase enzyme (CPK) levels and DNA analysis. Multiplex PCR using 18 pairs of specific primers were used for screening of deletion mutations within the dystrophin gene. A frequency of 55% among the families. Sixty per cent of detected deletions involved multiple exons spanning the major or the minor hot spot of the dystrophin gene. The remainder 40% which mainly involved exon 45. Comparing these findings with frequencies of other countries it was found that our figures fall within the reported range of 40%- distribution of deletions in our study and other different studies was variable and specific ethnic differences do not apparently account for specific deletions. In addition this study concluded that employment of the 18 exon analysis is a cost effective and a highly accurate (97% to launch a nationwide program. (+info)Electrophoresis of creatine kinase isoforms: a highly sensitive fluorescence scanning method. (8/79)
OBJECTIVE: To develop an agarose electrophoretic method for creatine kinase (CK) isoforms, using highly sensitive fluorescence scanning. METHODS: A discontinuous buffer system was used. Electrophoresis on agarose gel was performed under constant current and low voltage. CK isoforms were separated within 30 minutes and detected by fluorescence scanning. RESULTS: There were no significant differences when the activities of CK-MM were between 853.0 U/L and 14.0 U/L and those of CK-MB between 152.0 U/L and 2.4 U/L. The detection limits of stain method for CK-MM and CK-MB isoforms were 36.0 U/L and 12.3 U/L, respectively; while those of fluorescence method were 12.0 U/L and 2.1 U/L. The experimental results showed good precision for CK-MM isoforms, as well for CK-MB isoforms and isoenzymes. CONCLUSION: An agarose electrophoretic method has been developed to measure CK isoenzymes and isoforms clinically. This method is rapid, simple, sensitive, highly reproducible and inexpensive. It is suitable for general laboratories. (+info)
Conformationally Restricted Creatine Analogs and Substrate Specificity of Rabbit Muscle Creatine Kinase<...
Relationships between match activities and peak power output and Creatine Kinase responses to professional reserve team soccer...
Creatine kinase - Why Iodine can change the world
Probing into the role of conserved N-glycosylation sites in the Tyrosinase glycoprotein family [email protected]
Exercise asthma and inflammatory cytokines | Respiratory Research | Full Text
CKM Gene - GeneCards | KCRM Protein | KCRM Antibody
CKM Gene - GeneCards | KCRM Protein | KCRM Antibody
Gentaur Molecular :Cell Sciences \ Monkey IL2 ELISPOT Kit w o plates \ CKM013
متابولیسم و بیوشیمی . | فیزیولوژی ورزشی و تندرستی ایران - Part 2
MURC抗体(ab121644)| Abcam中国
Muscle creatine kinase isoenzyme expression in adult human brain<...
Oxidative modification and aggregation of creatine kinase from aged mouse skeletal muscle.<...
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Exploratory Studies Of The Potential Anti-cancer Effects Of...
Metagenics - Metagenics - Insinase - 90 Tablets
CK-MB - Creatine Kinase, Muscle and Brain (subunits) | AcronymFinder
CREATINE KINASE RESEARCH: November 2007
Creatine kinase MT 1A Antibodies: Novus Biologicals
Creatine kinase MT 1A Antibodies: Novus Biologicals
ExRx.net • View topic - Comments on my routine and a few questions
Muscle soreness or more serious? | SaukValley.com
Gentaur Molecular :Cell Sciences \ Monkey IL6 ELISA Kit \ CKM005
You searched for Bloating From Creatine - Help Your Workout
ExRx.net • View topic - Muscle soreness = successful workout?
Muscle Soreness Causes and Relief
Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial 2 (Sarcomeric) (CKMT2) Anticorps
Creatine and Side Effects: Positive or Negative?| Middle Management
Champion Performance Power Creatine - 1 lb - eVitamins.com
5 Reasons to Add Creatine to Your Routine Now - eVitamins México
Creatine - Nootropics Information
MMUSA Xtra Advantage Creatine Serum - Save at PricePlow
Creatine: What It Is And How It Works
CREATINE: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD
Akcia: BCAA Synergy + Creatin HCL - Prom-IN • Protein.sk
Creatine - Non-Ski Gabber - Newschoolers.com
Who makes a good creatine that wont make me bloated? - AnabolicMinds.com
Creatine
MT Creactor
- Thrive Health and Nutrition
What Is Too Much Creatine??? @hodgetwins
Virology Overview Paperback PDF Book - Online Library
Combinations of physiologic estrogens with xenoestrogens alter calcium and kinase responses, prolactin release, and membrane...
Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update | Journal of the International Society of...
DVU 2752 protein (Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough) - STRING interaction network
CK - Clinical: Creatine Kinase (CK), Serum
Creatine kinase in the dog: A review | SpringerLink
Cardiac Biomarkers Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Industry Report 2025 | IGR
CK-B - Creatine Kinase B-Subunit Activity | AcronymFinder
An evaluation of changes over time in serum creatine kinase activity and C-reactive protein concentration in dogs undergoing...
CKM - Creatine kinase M-type - Homo sapiens (Human) - CKM gene & protein
LOW FEMALE CREATINE KINASE (CK) BLOOD TEST LEVEL | blood-test-results.com
Creatine Kinase MB/Creatine Kinase Ratio
MuscleTech - Cell Tech Performance Series Orange 6 Pounds - Save 37%
MuscleTech - Cell Tech Performance Series Orange 6 Pounds - Save 37%
China Creatine: Creatine Anhydrous; Creatine Preparation; N-Amidinosarcosine; 5-Chloro-2-Maino Benzotrifluoride; N...
What is Creatine???? - Applied Body Science
Native Porcine Creatine Kinase(EC 2.7.3.2) - Creative Enzymes
creatine kinase
Effects of pH and KCl on the conformations of creatine kinase...
Creatine Kinase (Blood)
Creatine Kinase (Blood)
What is the significance of a slightly elevated creatine kinase blood test presumed not cardiac rela and more questions on...
What are the signs of elevated creatine kinase? | Reference.com
Prevent muscle soreness when biking | Uniprix
Mutant Creakong - TRII SUPPLEMENTS
CREATINE DECANATE 300g
Buy Creatine Online | Creatine Supplement Online | Supplement Central
Buy Creatine Online | Creatine Supplement Online | Supplement Central
Isatori Creatine A5X Review - Mr Supplement Australia
UKC Forums - Using creatine
Top 5 Creatine Free Pre Workouts 2017 - Sportsfuel Articles and Blog
Effects of Taking Creatine: Before and After Physical Workouts
Creatine AKG
how long to take creatine before workout
Crea-Trona... The most Bioavailable Creatine every Created!!! - AnabolicMinds.com
Should women take creatine? A first hand experience
Creatine - Your Arsenal Creates muscle
Creatine<...
creatine questions - Page 3
Athletic Xtreme German Creatine | News & Prices at PricePlow
Creatine? | The Leading Glock Forum and Community - GlockTalk.com
Creatine - fitlion.com
Creatine - fitlion.com
CKM (gene)Conformationally Restricted Creatine Analogs and Substrate Specificity of Rabbit Muscle Creatine Kinase<...
Anti-Creatine Kinase MM antibody (Biotin) (ab48652) | Abcam
Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1 alpha drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres
Creatine kinase-mediated improvement of function in failing mouse hearts provides causal evidence the failing heart is energy...
Creatine Kinase MM Antibody (PA5-86374)
Creatine Kinase MM (CK-MM), Human Skeletal | LeeBio.com
What are the signs of elevated creatine kinase? | Reference.com
Familial End Stage Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Creatine kinase - wikidocCKM - Creatine kinase M-type - Canis lupus familiaris (Dog) - CKM gene & protein
CKM - Creatine kinase M-type - Homo sapiens (Human) - CKM gene & protein
Anti-CKM / Creatine Kinase MM Antibody | Mouse anti-Human ELISA | LSBio
Masticatory Muscle Myositis (MMM) in Dogs - PetPlaceAnti-CKMB / Creatine Kinase MB Antibody (Azide-free) LS-C193283
Genetic and Molecular Basis of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Impact on Clinical Management Parts I and II | Circulation
Detection of reperfusion within 1 hour after coronary recanalisation by analysis of isoforms of the MM creatine kinase...
Chronic renal failure|Neurobehavioral changes|Erythropoietin
CK MB Rapid Test | CE-GMP | 818-591 3030-USA.
Distinct Forms of Mitochondrial TOM-TIM Supercomplexes Define Signal-Dependent States of Preprotein Sorting | Molecular and...
Lee BioSolutions - Productspecifications C | LeeBio.com
Tight linkage of creatine kinase (CKMM) to myotonic dystrophy on chromosome 19<...
Patent US7811829 - Measuring probe and production process thereof - Google Patents
Frontiers | Development and regulation of chloride homeostasis in the central nervous system | Cellular Neuroscience
A hypophosphorylated form of RPA34 is a specific component of pre-replication centers | Journal of Cell Science
Polyomyositis and myocarditis associated with acquired toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent girl | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders...
Find Research Outputs
- the UWA Profiles and Research Repository
IsoenzymesPhosphokinaseCKMMSerumAntibodyFingerprintPhosphocreatineMuscle-specific creatine kinaseType of creatine kinasePhosphateMyocardialCytosolicIsoenzyme of creatineEnzyme creatine kinaseHigher creatine kinaseAbstractProteinsCardiacAntibodiesIsoformProtein KinasesAdenosineSubunitsBrainIsoformsLocalizationTissuesHeart and skeletal musclesAcuteSubcellular sitesModulateTissueDeterminationPorcineAggregationDownstreamPhosphorylationPhysiologicalSignificanceMuscularAminoSkeletal musclesAssayHUMAN
Isoenzymes15
- Creatine kinase isoenzymes play a central role in energy transduction in tissues with large, fluctuating energy demands, such as skeletal muscle, heart, brain and spermatozoa. (abcam.com)
- In addition to those three cytosolic CK isoforms, there are two mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzymes, the ubiquitous and sarcomeric form. (wikipedia.org)
- Creatine kinase (CK) and CK isoenzymes are known to fluctuate in labor. (utmb.edu)
- Scott, R. T. / Creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes as a marker of uterine activity . (utmb.edu)
- Other isoenzymes include CK MM and CK BB. (1mg.com)
- All isoenzymes of CK catalyze the phosphorylation of creatine to form phosphocreatine. (aaltoscientific.com)
- The Ontogeny of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes. (aaltoscientific.com)
- Creatine kinase isoenzymes from Torpedo californica electric organ, skeletal muscle, and brain were purified and characterized. (mysciencework.com)
- Localization of creatine kinase isoenzymes in myofibrils. (rupress.org)
- The subunits combine to form three distinct CK isoenzymes, CK-BB (CK-1), CK-MB (CK-2) and CK-MM (CK-3). (vitroscient.com)
- Creatine Kinase exists as dimeric molecules composed of M and B subunits that form the isoenzymes MM, MB, and BB. (pointescientific.com)
- Creatine Kinase (CK) is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of creatine to creatine phosphate, it is composed of two sub-units Muscle (M) and Brain (B) which associate to form three isoenzymes CK-MM, CK-MB and CK-BB. (randoxonlinestore.com)
- Isoenzymes that catalyze the same physiologic reaction may also appear in different forms in different animal species. (nurseslearning.com)
- All three of these isoenzymes make up the main enzyme CPK (creatine phosphokinase) (also called CK--creatine kinase). (nurseslearning.com)
- Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB) is an enzyme present in the cardiac muscle with a molecular weight of 87.0 kDa.1Creatine Kinase is a dimeric molecule formed from two subunits designated as "M" and "B" which combine to form three different isoenzymes, CK-MM, CK-BB, and CK-MB. (custom-monoclonalantibody.com)
Phosphokinase6
- Creatine kinase ( CK ), also known as creatine phosphokinase ( CPK ) or phosphocreatine kinase , is an enzyme ( EC 2.7.3.2 ) expressed by various tissues and cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- All cases were subjected to complete clinical evaluation pedigree analysis, electromyography studies, estimation of serum creatine phosphokinase enzyme (CPK) levels and DNA analysis. (cdc.gov)
- It is also known as CPK (Creatine phosphokinase) MB test. (1mg.com)
- Creatine kinase is also sometimes referred to as creatine phosphokinase, creatine phosphotransferase, CPK, or just CK. (aaltoscientific.com)
- Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is widely distributed and is primarily involved with ATP regeneration in conjunction with the contractile and transport systems. (creative-enzymes.com)
- Most often there is a dramatic increase in a skeletal muscle enzyme known as creatine kinase or creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MM). Smaller amounts of this enzyme are also located in the brain (CPK-BB) and in the heart muscle (CPK-MB). (drjwv.com)
CKMM5
- Lee Biosolutions is the leading manufacturer of human muscle Creatine Kinase MM (CKMM,CK-MM) for medical research and diagnostic manufacturing. (leebio.com)
- Recognizes Creatine Kinase MM Isoenzyme (CKMM). (lsbio.com)
- There have been reports of tight linkage to a number of chromosome 19 markers, including APOC2 and creatine kinase muscle type (CKMM), but they did not establish orientation of the 2 markers to DM. (elsevier.com)
- In 927 biologically unrelated Caucasian patients with coronary artery disease it was investigated whether the NcoI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKMM) gene is associated with aerobic power and with the response to physical training. (cdc.gov)
- A traditional immunoassay that could distinguish CKMB from CKBB and CKMM was a little longer in coming due to the fact that CKMB has no unique subunits compared to these other forms. (aaltoscientific.com)
Serum15
- In results, decreased creatine kinase activity in brain regions and its increased level in serum observed in CRF induced animals. (omicsonline.org)
- Elevated serum values were found for alanine aminotransferase (407 IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (639 IU/L), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (120 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (478 IU/L), creatine kinase (407 IU/L) and aldolase (16,9 IU/L). Urinalysis and clotting studies were normal. (biomedcentral.com)
- However the worth of succinylcholine is limited by the frequent occurrence of muscular side effects which manifest biochemically in the form of rise in serum creatine kinase [CK]. (bvsalud.org)
- Blood samples were drawn for estimation of serum creatinine kinase. (bvsalud.org)
- 3. Smith, A. Diagnostic Value of Serum Creatine Kinase in a Coronary-Care Unit. (aaltoscientific.com)
- Serum Myocardial Creatine Kinase (CK-MB) After Coronary Arterial Bypass Surgery. (aaltoscientific.com)
- The normal range of serum creatine kinase is between 10 and 120 micrograms per liter of blood. (kidneypedia.net)
- When serum creatine kinase is elevated above the normal range, this can indicate any of several conditions. (kidneypedia.net)
- Other possible causes of high serum creatine kinase include muscular dystrophy, severe muscle breakdown, and several other rarer causes. (kidneypedia.net)
- The patient's serum creatine kinase activity was 310 000 U/L (reference interval, 30-200 U/L), and his serum myoglobin result was 68 860 [micro]g/L (reference interval, 0-110 [micro]g/L). Damaged muscle cells release creatine kinase (MM isoform), myoglobin, and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as lesser amounts of alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Vitro CPK (MB) reagent is an immunoinhibition assay intended for the in vitro quantitative determination of Creatine Kinase (CK-MB) in human serum and plasma. (vitroscient.com)
- In the absence of disease, most CKactivity in serum is due to the CK-MM isoform. (vitroscient.com)
- The CK-MB Reagent is for the quantitative determination of the isoenzyme Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) in serum on the Tokyo Boeki Medisys Inc. Biolis 24i analyzer. (pointescientific.com)
- For the quantitative in vitro determination of Creatine Kinase in serum or plasma. (randoxonlinestore.com)
- This enzyme has a short life span in the serum and is most often elevated in the acute form of the disease due to the magnitude of muscle damage and because the owner usually presents the dog while the disease is present. (drjwv.com)
Antibody5
- The following product was used in this experiment: Creatine Kinase MM Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # PA5-86374, RRID AB_2803156. (thermofisher.com)
- Creatine Kinase MM antibody LS-C14686 is an unconjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to human Creatine Kinase MM (CKM). (lsbio.com)
- A high affinity purification column was use to purify Creatine Kinase MM (CK-MM) Goat anti- Polyclonal Antibody by Lee Biosolution by chromatographic size exclusion.Lee Biosolution supplies antibodies that are for research of human proteins. (bioxys.com)
- Includes C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Factor, Antinuclear Antibody(ANA), Sedimentation Rate, Uric Acid plus Wellness #2 Essential Panel that includes Complete Blood Count (CBC), Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP-14), Lipid Panel with Total Cholesterol: HDL Ratio, Thyroid Panel plus TSH plus Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (CCP) Antibodies, Creatine Kinase (CPK), Aldolase and Prostate-specific Antigen. (walkinlab.com)
- This antibody completely inhibits the activity of CK-MM and half of the activity of CK-MB, while not affecting the B subunit activity of CK-MB and CK-BB. (pointescientific.com)
Fingerprint2
- Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevier.com)
- Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Oxidative modification and aggregation of creatine kinase from aged mouse skeletal muscle. (utmb.edu)
Phosphocreatine7
- CK catalyses the conversion of creatine and utilizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (wikipedia.org)
- The mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK m ) is present in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it regenerates phosphocreatine (PCr) from mitochondrially generated ATP and creatine (Cr) imported from the cytosol . (wikipedia.org)
- https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?text:CK,%20Wallimann The mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKm) is present in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it regenerates phosphocreatine (PCr) from mitochondrially generated ATP and creatine (Cr) imported from the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
- ATP + creatine = ADP + phosphocreatine. (uniprot.org)
- Enzyme expressed in muscle and other tissues that catalyses the conversion of creatine to phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate. (biologists.org)
- We have blocked creatine kinase (CK) mediated phosphocreatine (PCr) ⇆ ATP transphosphorylation in mitochondria and cytosol of skeletal muscle by knocking out the genes for the mitochondrial (ScCKmit) and the cytosolic (M-CK) CK isoforms in mice. (elsevier.com)
- The primary function of creatine kinase is to catalyze a chemical process in which creatine is converted into phosphocreatine. (kidneypedia.net)
Muscle-specific creatine kinase1
- The caregene study: muscle-specific creatine kinase gene and aerobic power in coronary artery disease. (cdc.gov)
Type of creatine kinase2
- The type of creatine kinase located in the brain is called CK-BB. (reference.com)
- these are formed from the basic B and M type of creatine kinase. (kidneypedia.net)
Phosphate7
- Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens (e.g. creatine phosphate). (abcam.com)
- One unit will catalyze the transphosphorylation of one micromole of phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP per minute at 37°C. (leebio.com)
- The mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK m ), which produces ATP from ADP by converting creatine phosphate to creatine, is present between the two membranes of the mitochondrion. (wikidoc.org)
- The encoded protein reversibly catalyzes the transfer of "energy-rich" phosphate between ATP and creatine and between phospho-creatine and ADP. (wikipedia.org)
- Creatine kinase catalyzes the reversible transfer of the gamma phosphate from ATP to creatine forming the high energy compound creatine phosphate. (utmb.edu)
- Whereas many of the identified proteins have been previously implicated in schizophrenia, such as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, creatine kinase and neuron-specific enolase, new putative disease markers were also identified such as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, tropomyosin 3, breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 and phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial precursor. (genes2cognition.org)
- The determination of CK using creatine phosphate and adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) as substrates rather than creatine and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) has several advantages in test performance as it allows for a faster reaction rate resulting in greater sensitivity. (randoxonlinestore.com)
Myocardial7
- Despite experimental and clinical HF data showing reduced metabolism through cardiac creatine kinase (CK), the major myocardial energy reserve and temporal ATP buffer, a causal relationship between reduced ATP-CK metabolism and contractile dysfunction in HF has never been demonstrated. (nih.gov)
- Clinically, creatine kinase is assayed in blood tests as a marker of damage of CK-rich tissue such as in myocardial infarction (heart attack), rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown), muscular dystrophy , autoimmune myositides , and acute kidney injury . (wikipedia.org)
- Clinically, creatine kinase is assayed in blood tests as a marker of myocardial infarction (heart attack), rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown), muscular dystrophy and in acute renal failure . (wikidoc.org)
- The MB Isoenzyme of Creatine Kinase as an Indicator of Severity of Myocardial Ischaemia. (aaltoscientific.com)
- Acute myocardial infarction was ruled out by serial creatine kinases. (ajnr.org)
- and creatine kinase myocardial b fraction, 18.6 ng/mL (normal, 0.00-5.0 ng/mL). (jaoa.org)
- Under normal conditions, GPBB can tightly integrate with the sarcoplasmic reticulum in myocardial cells in the form of GPBB glycogen complex, which cannot be broken down easily. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cytosolic5
- While mitochondrial creatine kinase is directly involved in formation of phospho-creatine from mitochondrial ATP, cytosolic CK regenerates ATP from ADP, using PCr. (wikipedia.org)
- Cytosolic BB-CK, as well as muscle-type MM-CK are both forming banana-shaped symmetric dimers, with one active site in each subunit. (wikipedia.org)
- Apart from the two mitochondrial CK isoenzyme forms, that is, ubiquitous mtCK (present in non-muscle tissues) and sarcomeric mtCK (present in sarcomeric muscle), there are three cytosolic CK isoforms present in the cytosol, depending on the tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- The first X-ray structures of Creatine Kinases, those of both mitochondrial types (sarcomeric-mtCK (in 1996) and ubiquitous mtCK (in 2000), forming highly four-symmetrical octameric structures, as well as that of cytosolic brain-type BB-CK (at 1.4 Angstoms, in 1999), forming symmetric dimers, have been solved by the T. Wallimann and W. Kabsch groups at ETH-Zürich and at MPI-Heidelberg. (wikipedia.org)
- The bound cytosolic CK accepts the PCr shuttled through the cell and uses ADP to regenerate ATP, which can then be used as energy source by the ATPases (CK is associated intimately with the ATPases, forming a functionally coupled microcompartment). (wikipedia.org)
Isoenzyme of creatine4
- Recent results from studies of experimental animals suggest that prompt detection of reperfusion is possible based on analysis of sequential changes in the relative activities of individual isoforms of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK) in plasma. (elsevier.com)
- CK MB is a form of the enzyme which means it is an isoenzyme of Creatine kinase (CK). (1mg.com)
- Chicken heart muscle contains almost exclusively the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK), its myofibrils, moreover, lack an M-line. (rupress.org)
- CK-MB is the isoenzyme of Creatine Kinase most involved in the metabolism of cardiac muscle tissue. (custom-monoclonalantibody.com)
Enzyme creatine kinase3
- The heart, brain and skeletal muscles are the parts of the body that primarily contain the enzyme creatine kinase, states Healthgrades. (reference.com)
- This test measures the enzyme Creatine Kinase (CK) MB in blood. (1mg.com)
- Marked changes in the plasma activities of the intracellular enzyme creatine kinase (CK) have been observed in broiler chickens subjected to a range of stressful stimuli. (sruc.ac.uk)
Higher creatine kinase2
- A higher creatine kinase level usually manifests a few hours after a heart attack when the heart muscle cells start to die, says Healthgrades. (reference.com)
- Athletes and others who engage in strenuous physical activity have higher creatine kinase without it being a sign of anything necessarily wrong with them. (kidneypedia.net)
Abstract2
- Sahin, N;Hayirli, A;Orhan, C;Tuzcu, M;Komorowski, J R;Sahin, K 2018-04-01 00:00:00 Abstract This experiment was conducted to compare the effect of the supplemental chromium (Cr) form on performance, egg quality, and metabolic profile in laying hens exposed to heat stress (HS). (deepdyve.com)
- Although reports can be found in abstract form, both supporting (5) and refuting (6-8) the unblemished sensitivity of diffusion-weighted imaging for hyperacute ischemic stroke, false-negative findings in the radiologic literature have generally consisted of resolving deficits (9-11) or radiographically unconfirmed strokes (10, 11) . (ajnr.org)
Proteins5
- but none of the proteins forming the pre-replication complex (e.g. (biologists.org)
- The GSP Neonatal Creatine Kinase-MM kit works by measuring the concentration of a type of protein called CK-MM, which is part of a group of proteins called creatine kinase. (worldduchenne.org)
- Novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of EGF induced liver cancer was obtained and among the 37 newly identified proteins several are likely candidates for the development of molecularly targeted therapies and include the nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroyacetone kinase and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein1, the latter being an inhibitor of the Raf-1 kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
- An in vitro kinase assay was performed to assess the phosphorylation activities of a novel CaMK-like protein in T. gondii by using purified proteins with various concentrations of calcium, calmodulin antagonists, or T. gondii glideosome proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to detect the localization of this protein kinase by using the antibodies against this protein and organellar maker proteins of T. gondii . (biomedcentral.com)
Cardiac4
- Whereas MM-CK is expressed in sarcomeric muscle, that is, skeletal and cardiac muscle, MB-CK is expressed in cardiac muscle, and BB-CK is expressed in smooth muscle and in most non-muscle tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Signs and symptoms that typically accompany an elevated creatine kinase include cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, breathing trouble, dizziness, excessive sweating and pain that reaches the jaw or the lower arm, according to Healthgrades. (reference.com)
- Its functional entity is a MM-CK homodimer in striated (sarcomeric) skeletal and cardiac muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- Creatine kinase is physically associated with the cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channel in vivo. (abcam.cn)
Antibodies1
- The events occurring during phorbol ester mediated destruction of myofibrils in differentiated muscle cells were followed at the fluorescence and electron microscope levels using antibodies which bind troponin-T, a newly discovered 185 000 dalton M-line protein called myomesin and muscle type creatine kinase. (elsevier.com)
Isoform1
- In 11 of the 12 patients without reperfusion, the percentage in plasma of the MM CK isoform released from the heart, MM, did not change or decreased in the first hour. (elsevier.com)
Protein Kinases2
- Our data improve our understanding of T. gondii motility and infection, the interaction between parasite protein kinases and glideosomes, and drug targets for protozoan diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additional T. gondii protein kinases are involved in host manipulation, cell cycle regulation, and functions required for growth, stress responses, and the transition from tachyzoite to bradyzoite [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenosine1
- In addition to the macroscopic simulation, we analysed the buffering of bursts of high adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis by creatine kinase during cyclical muscle activity at the biochemical pathway level. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Subunits5
- Creatine Kinase consists of the M and B subunits and is found in the MM, MB and BB isomorphs. (mediconsa.com)
- Hybridization studies demonstrate the Torpedo electric organ creatine kinase to be composed of identical subunits and capable of producing an enzymatically active heterodimer when combined with canine BB creatine kinase. (mysciencework.com)
- The acetylcholine receptor-associated creatine kinase is, therefore, identical with the cytoplasmic form from the electric organ and is composed of M-subunits. (mysciencework.com)
- Creatine kinase (ATP: Creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC2.7.3.2) is a dimeric enzymecomposed of two types of monomer subunits, M (Muscular) and B (Brain). (vitroscient.com)
- The subunits combine to form three distinct CK. (vitroscient.com)
Brain17
- Crystal structure of human brain-type creatine kinase with ADP and creatine. (wikipedia.org)
- Increased creatine levels often accompany heart attacks, trauma, stroke, brain injury and conditions that impair the brain or skeletal muscles. (reference.com)
- In heart, in addition to the MM-CK homodimer, also the heterodimer MB-CK consisting of one muscle (M-CK) and one brain-type (B-CK) subunit is expressed. (wikipedia.org)
- Three different iso-forms occur in normal circulation: CK-MM (muscle type), CK-BB (brain type) and CK-MB that is primarily associated with the myocardium. (southtees.nhs.uk)
- Previous studies have suggested that MM creatine kinase is a muscle-specific protein and is not present in adult brain tissue. (elsevier.com)
- We have isolated a protein from human brain with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which is identical to the muscle M creatine kinase isoenzyme subunit at all 30 sequenced amino acid residues and possesses creatine kinase enzymatic activity following nondenaturing agarose-gel electrophoresis. (elsevier.com)
- Immunohistochemistry localizes M creatine kinase to discrete areas of adult human brain. (elsevier.com)
- Northern blot analysis of both total and poly(A)-selected RNA isolated from brain did not detect M creatine kinase mRNA. (elsevier.com)
- However, polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA synthesized from human placenta, heart, and brain mRNA detected M creatine kinase message in both heart and brain but not placenta which contains no detectable M creatine kinase protein. (elsevier.com)
- In summary, MM creatine kinase is present in human brain and we suggest the M creatine kinase upstream region is sufficient to modulate M creatine kinase expression in certain neuronal cells and may be regulated independently from other muscle genes. (elsevier.com)
- While CK MM is found in skeletal muscles and heart, CK BB is found in the brain and smooth muscles. (1mg.com)
- There are two main recognized types of creatine kinase, type B and type M. The B and M stand respectively for "brain" and "muscle. (kidneypedia.net)
- Depending on the tissue, different forms of CK are present: CK-MM is primarily present in skeletal muscles, CK-MB represents 30% of CK from the heart, while CK-BB comes from the brain and smooth muscle, such as the intestinal walls. (biron.com)
- With MM being the major form in skeletal muscle and myocardium, MB existing in myocardium, and BB existing in many tissues, especially brain. (abcam.cn)
- The enzyme is dimeric and exists in three isoenzyme forms: MM (muscle), MB (heart) and BB (brain). (creative-enzymes.com)
- CK-MM and CK-MB are distributed primarily in the skeletel muscle and heart muscle, respectively, while CK-BB is present mainly in the brain and in tissues composed of smooth muscle. (pointescientific.com)
- Creatine kinase isoenzyme activities in extracts of plasma, skeletal muscle, heart and brain tissue of domestic fowls were separated by anion exchange chromatography and tissue specific distributions of the isoenzyme designated MM-CK, BB-CK1 and BB-CK2 were demonstrated. (sruc.ac.uk)
Isoforms1
- Accordingly, assessment of activities of MM CK isoforms in plasma should prove useful in differentiating patients with and without reperfusion at a time when additional interventions needed to consolidate the gains accompanied by initial pharmacological treatment can still be initiated effectively. (elsevier.com)
Localization1
- and (3) phosphorylation experiments, showing that the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is able to phosphorylate BCK at serine 6 to trigger BCK localization at the ER, in close vicinity of the highly energy-demanding Ca 2+ ATPase pump. (springer.com)
Tissues4
- Thus creatine kinase is an important enzyme in such tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- No creatine kinase isoenzyme with an electrophoretic mobility similar to mammalian BB creatine kinase was seen in any of the Torpedo tissues examined. (mysciencework.com)
- Creatine kinase is an enzyme produced by various tissues that catalyzes the conversion of creatine in muscle activity. (kidneypedia.net)
- CK (creatine kinase) is an enzyme (protein) found in several tissues, including muscles and the heart. (biron.com)
Heart and skeletal muscles1
- CK-MM is a form of creatine kinase found in the heart and skeletal muscles, whereas CK-MB is present in the heart. (reference.com)
Acute10
- The disease occurs in both acute (sudden) and chronic forms, and the signs may vary with each form. (petplace.com)
- Dogs with the acute form of the disease may be lethargic, have a fever, react painfully to touching the head, experience excessive salivation and be reluctant to chew or eat. (petplace.com)
- Faster O₂ uptake kinetics in canine skeletal muscle in situ after acute creatine kinase inhibition. (nih.gov)
- Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) in Acute Coronary Ischemia. (aaltoscientific.com)
- High creatine kinase can also be a sign of acute renal failure. (kidneypedia.net)
- Because of the illnesses it can indicate, a test for creatine kinase is indicated whenever a patient suffers from symptoms of heart attack, acute renal failure, or muscular breakdown. (kidneypedia.net)
- The muscle isoenzyme (MM-CK) was the predominant form in plasma (99 percent) and its activity increased in response to an episode of acute heat stress. (sruc.ac.uk)
- Masticatory myositis can be divided into an acute and chronic form. (drjwv.com)
- It must be remembered that one acute attack can lead immediately into the chronic form of the disease, although, more often than not, multiple, recurrent acute attacks are necessary. (drjwv.com)
- Symptoms of the acute form involve the the swollen, firm and painful temporalis and masseter muscles. (drjwv.com)
Subcellular sites1
- PCr is not only an energy buffer but also a cellular transport form of energy between subcellular sites of energy (ATP) production (mitochondria and glycolysis) and those of energy utilization (ATPases). (wikipedia.org)
Modulate1
- Because these transporters use the electrochemical driving force of Na + and K + ions, topographical interaction with the Na + -K + ATPase and its modulators such as creatine kinase (CK) should modulate functions of Cl − transporters. (frontiersin.org)
Tissue3
- Creatine kinase is found in muscle tissue and CK-MM enters the blood stream in increased amounts when there is muscle damage. (worldduchenne.org)
- This tissue thus provides an interesting contrast to skeletal muscle, in which some of the MM-CK present as predominant CK isoenzyme is bound at the myofibrillar M-line. (rupress.org)
- Determining which isoenzyme (specific form of CK) is elevated will help determine which tissue has been damaged. (medical-labs.net)
Determination1
- Determination of Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme MB (CK-MB): Comparison of Methods and Clinical Evaluation. (aaltoscientific.com)
Porcine1
- NH2-terminal amino acid sequence determinations show considerable sequence homology between human MM, Torpedo electric organ, chicken MM, and porcine MM creatine kinase. (mysciencework.com)
Aggregation1
- Oxidative modification and aggregation of creatine kinase from aged mouse skeletal muscle. (utmb.edu)
Downstream1
- KCC2 and NKCC1 functions are also regulated by phosphorylation by enzymes such as PKC, Src-family tyrosine kinases, and WNK1-4 and their downstream effectors STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)-oxidative stress responsive kinase-1 (OSR1). (frontiersin.org)
Phosphorylation1
- We identified a novel CaMK homolog in T. gondii , T. gondii CaMK-related kinase (TgCaMKrk), which exhibits calmodulin-independent autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Physiological2
- When PGC-1 alpha is expressed at physiological levels in transgenic mice driven by a muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, a fibre type conversion is observed: muscles normally rich in type II fibres are redder and activate genes of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. (nih.gov)
- Due to the important physiological role in excitable cells, the activity and level of creatine kinase (CK) play a crucial role in maintaining body functions. (elsevier.com)
Significance2
- In Xenopus , RPA assembles in nuclear foci that form before DNA synthesis, but their significance in the assembly of replication initiation complexes has been questioned. (biologists.org)
- Clinical long-term observations of larger patient series and a comparison with conventional forms of therapy are necessary to determine the conclusive therapeutic significance. (onlinejacc.org)
Muscular4
- So far, three main phenotypes have been reported: Miyoshi myopathy (MM), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD 2B), and distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset (DMAT). (neurologyindia.com)
- Miyoshi myopathy (MM) and limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD2B) are distinct clinical entities because different muscle groups are involved at the onset. (neurologyindia.com)
- A percentage of CK-MM greater than 95% indicates that the increase in total CK was muscular in origin. (biron.com)
- The GSP Neonatal Creatine Kinase-MM kit is not intended for DMD diagnosis or for screening of other forms of muscular dystrophies. (worldduchenne.org)
Amino2
- Creatine is a substance that is naturally produced by the human body from amino acids. (kidneypedia.net)
- I also determined the difference between the amino acid composition of Mit-CK and the isoenzyme form (MM-form) of the enzyme. (victorjtemple.com)
Skeletal muscles1
- The production of creatine occurs primarily in the kidneys and the liver, but 95% of it is found in the skeletal muscles. (kidneypedia.net)
Assay1
- Reporter-plasmids are transfected into thymocytes in fetal thymic organ culture by accelerated DNA/particle bombardment (gene gun), and the activation of a signaling pathway is determined in the form of a standard luciferase assay. (storysteel.cf)
HUMAN5
- Synthetic peptide, corresponding to the N-terminus of Human Creatine Kinase M. (thermofisher.com)
- When human CK-MM isoenzyme is elevated, this usually indicates injury or stress to skeletal muscle. (leebio.com)
- CK1 recognises human creatine kinase MB isoenzyme. (abcam.cn)
- hCK-MB - 100% hCK-BB - 182% hCK-MM - 7.3% Affinity constant: 2x10 9 l/mol human CK-MB. (abcam.cn)
- We previously showed that Plasmodium falciparum expresses a homolog of human calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) that is important for host cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
