A genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, class BIVALVIA.
A family of marine mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, commonly known as oysters. They have a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle.
Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food.
Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.
Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A partially enclosed body of water, and its surrounding coastal habitats, where saltwater from the ocean mixes with fresh water from rivers or streams. The resulting mixture of seawater and fresh water is called brackish water and its salinity can range from 0.5 to 35 ppt. (accessed http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/estuaries01_whatis.html)
A group of three related eukaryotic phyla whose members possess an alveolar membrane system, consisting of flattened membrane-bound sacs lying beneath the outer cell membrane.
A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.
Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.
A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.
A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.
The blood/lymphlike nutrient fluid of some invertebrates.
A species of bacteria found in the marine environment, sea foods, and the feces of patients with acute enteritis.
A primitive form of digestive gland found in marine ARTHROPODS, that contains cells similar to those found in the mammalian liver (HEPATOCYTES), and the PANCREAS.
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
A group of amoeboid and flagellate EUKARYOTES in the supergroup RHIZARIA. They feed by means of threadlike pseudopods.
Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A species of halophilic bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, which lives in warm SEAWATER. It can cause infections in those who eat raw contaminated seafood or have open wounds exposed to seawater.
Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A phylum of unicellular parasitic EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of complex apical organelles generally consisting of a conoid that aids in penetrating host cells, rhoptries that possibly secrete a proteolytic enzyme, and subpellicular microtubules that may be related to motility.
Insulated enclosures in which temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, reproduction, or metabolic reactions.

Characterization of a defensin from the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Recombinant production, folding, solution structure, antimicrobial activities, and gene expression. (1/126)

In invertebrates, defensins were found in arthropods and in the mussels. Here, we report for the first time the identification and characterization of a defensin (Cg-Def) from an oyster. Cg-def mRNA was isolated from Crassostrea gigas mantle using an expressed sequence tag approach. To gain insight into potential roles of Cg-Def in oyster immunity, we produced the recombinant peptide in Escherichia coli, characterized its antimicrobial activities, determined its solution structure by NMR spectroscopy, and quantified its gene expression in vivo following bacterial challenge of oysters. Recombinant Cg-Def was active in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria but showed no or limited activities against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The activity of Cg-Def was retained in vitro at a salt concentration similar to that of seawater. The Cg-Def structure shares the so-called cystine-stabilized alpha-beta motif (CS-alphabeta) with arthropod defensins but is characterized by the presence of an additional disulfide bond, as previously observed in the mussel defensin (MGD-1). Nevertheless, despite a similar global fold, the Cg-Def and MGD-1 structures mainly differ by the size of their loops and by the presence of two aspartic residues in Cg-Def. Distribution of Cg-def mRNA in various oyster tissues revealed that Cg-def is mainly expressed in mantle edge where it was detected by mass spectrometry analyses. Furthermore, we observed that the Cg-def messenger concentration was unchanged after bacterial challenge. Our results suggest that Cg-def gene is continuously expressed in the mantle and would play a key role in oyster by providing a first line of defense against pathogen colonization.  (+info)

Vibrio gigantis sp. nov., isolated from the haemolymph of cultured oysters (Crassostrea gigas). (2/126)

Polyphasic analysis of four new Vibrio isolates originating from the haemolymph of diseased cultured oysters is described. The new isolates were closely related to Vibrio splendidus, having 98 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB), RNA polymerase sigma70 factor (rpoD), replication origin-binding protein (rctB) and transmembrane regulatory protein (toxR) genes, fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments clearly showed that the new isolates form a tight genomic group that is different from the currently known Vibrio species. It is proposed that these new isolates should be accommodated in a novel species, Vibrio gigantis sp. nov. Phenotypic features that differentiate V. gigantis from other known Vibrio species include arginine dihydrolase, gelatinase and beta-galactosidase activities, NO(2) production, growth at 35 degrees C, and utilization of sucrose, melibiose, amygdalin, glycerol, galactose, starch and glycogen. The type strain is LGP 13T (=LMG 22741T=CIP 108656T).  (+info)

In vitro research of anti-HSV-1 activity in different extracts from Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. (3/126)

Mortalities related to the detection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) have been previously reported in France among larvae and spat of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Adult oysters appear less sensitive to herpesvirus infections, although OsHV-1 has been detected in adults without signs of disease or mortality. This suggests that the virus is able to persist in its host and that adult oysters may be able to control OsHV-1 infection. Little is known about antiviral substances in invertebrates. The present work concerns the research of antiviral substances in adult oyster C. gigas, where putative antiviral activities were monitored using 3 strategies: (1) in metabolites with variable polarity, (2) in peptidic extracts and (3) in crude haemolymph. In vitro antiviral assays were based on inhibition of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in Vero cell monolayers. All extracts presented no cytotoxicity. Antiviral activity was detected in the fresh filtered haemolymph (EC50:425 microg ml(-1)) and seasonal variation of the haemolymph antiviral activity was monitored.  (+info)

Purification and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsia-like organism from the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis. (4/126)

A rickettsia-like organism (RLO) has been suggested to be the etiological agent responsible for heavy losses of the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis Gould in China. Because of the lack of molluscan cell lines for in vitro culture of intracellular prokaryotes, antigenic analysis of RLOs has been limited by the inherent difficulties of their purification. In this report, we describe the use of differential speed centrifugation and renografin density gradient centrifugation to purify the RLO directly from infected oyster tissues. The purity and integrity of purified prokaryotes were validated by transmission electron microscopy. Thirteen major constituent proteins, with molecular weights ranging between 17 and 99 kDa, were electrophoretically identified by silver staining, and 8 major proteins were identified with Coomassie blue R staining. Specific mouse polyclonal antiserum was prepared for serological characterization of the RLO and was used in an immunoblot assay, and 3 major antigen groups were identified. The present results advance our knowledge of RLO protein antigens, and several proteins have been identified that could potentially be useful for diagnostic assays or for production of experimental immunostimulants.  (+info)

A PCR-based diagnostic assay for the detection of Roseovarius crassostreae in Crassostrea virginica affected by juvenile oyster disease (JOD). (5/126)

We have developed a PCR-assay for the diagnosis of juvenile oyster disease (JOD) based on the detection of Roseovarius crassostreae directly from affected oysters. Species-specific primers are used to amplify the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of R. crassostreae, and confirmation of product identity is accomplished by restriction enzyme analysis. No false positives were obtained with either closely related bacterial species or from other DNAs present in oyster samples. The assay has the potential to detect as few as 10 cells of R. crassostreae per oyster when samples are taken from the inner valve surfaces of the animal. Inclusion of material from soft body surfaces is not necessary, and may reduce sensitivity approximately 10-fold. In a JOD-affected population, a positive PCR result was obtained from all oysters from which these bacteria were subsequently cultured. The assay also detected the presence of R. crassostreae in 2 oysters from which no R. crassostreae isolates were recovered. No R. crassostreae was detected by either PCR or bacteriology in oysters from a population that was not exhibiting JOD-signs. This assay is expected to advance regional disease management efforts and provide valuable insights into the disease process and epizootiology of JOD.  (+info)

Isolation by distance in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in Chesapeake Bay. (6/126)

Intensive efforts are underway to restore depleted stocks of Crassostrea virginica in Chesapeake Bay. However, the extent of gene flow among local populations, an important force mediating the success of these endeavors, is poorly understood. Spatial and temporal population structures were examined in C. virginica from Chesapeake Bay using eight microsatellite loci. Deficits in heterozygosity relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations were seen at all loci and were best explained by null alleles. Permutation tests indicated that heterozygote deficiency reduced power in tests of differentiation. Nonetheless, genotypic exact tests demonstrated significant levels of geographic differentiation overall, and a subtle pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) was observed. Comparisons between age classes failed to show differences in genotype frequencies, allelic richness, gene diversity, or differentiation as measured by F(ST), contrary to predictions made by the sweepstakes hypothesis. The IBD pattern could reflect an evolutionary equilibrium established because local gene flow predominates, or be influenced in either direction by recent anthropogenic activities. An evolutionary interpretation appears justified as more parsimonious, implying that local efforts to restore oyster populations will have local demographic payoffs, perhaps at the scale of tributaries or regional subestuaries within Chesapeake Bay.  (+info)

Effects of acclimation temperature and cadmium exposure on cellular energy budgets in the marine mollusk Crassostrea virginica: linking cellular and mitochondrial responses. (7/126)

In order to understand the role of metabolic regulation in environmental stress tolerance, a comprehensive analysis of demand-side effects (i.e. changes in energy demands for basal maintenance) and supply-side effects (i.e. metabolic capacity to provide ATP to cover the energy demand) of environmental stressors is required. We have studied the effects of temperature (12, 20 and 28 degrees C) and exposure to a trace metal, cadmium (50 microg l(-1)), on the cellular energy budget of a model marine poikilotherm, Crassostrea virginica (eastern oysters), using oxygen demand for ATP turnover, protein synthesis, mitochondrial proton leak and non-mitochondrial respiration in isolated gill and hepatopancreas cells as demand-side endpoints and mitochondrial oxidation capacity, abundance and fractional volume as supply-side endpoints. Cadmium exposure and high acclimation temperatures resulted in a strong increase of oxygen demand in gill and hepatopancreas cells of oysters. Cd-induced increases in cellular energy demand were significant at 12 and 20 degrees C but not at 28 degrees C, possibly indicating a metabolic capacity limitation at the highest temperature. Elevated cellular demand in cells from Cd-exposed oysters was associated with a 2-6-fold increase in protein synthesis and, at cold acclimation temperatures, with a 1.5-fold elevated mitochondrial proton leak. Cellular aerobic capacity, as indicated by mitochondrial oxidation capacity, abundance and volume, did not increase in parallel to compensate for the elevated energy demand. Mitochondrial oxidation capacity was reduced in 28 degrees C-acclimated oysters, and mitochondrial abundance decreased in Cd-exposed oysters, with a stronger decrease (by 20-24%) in warm-acclimated oysters compared with cold-acclimated ones (by 8-13%). These data provide a mechanistic basis for synergism between temperature and cadmium stress on metabolism of marine poikilotherms. Exposure to combined temperature and cadmium stress may result in a strong energy deficiency due to the elevated energy demand on one hand and a reduced mitochondrial capacity to cover this demand on the other hand, which may have important implications for surviving seasonally and/or globally elevated temperatures in polluted estuaries.  (+info)

Accumulation of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) and biotransformation of its components in oysters, Crassostrea gigas, fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. (8/126)

As a part of our studies on the mechanism of uptake of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) and the kinetics of its accumulation in bivalves, oysters Crassostrea gigas were experimentally contaminated with PSP by being fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. Temporal variations in the PSP contents and their profiles in oysters during the feeding experiment were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the toxin profile of the oysters was compared with that of A. tamarense. Toxins excreted from the infested oysters into the seawater for 2 and 10 days were recovered and analyzed by HPLC. PSP toxicity rapidly appeared in the tissues of oysters and their toxicity levels reached 0.6 (0.3), 2.2 (1.1), 1.0 (0.5), 3.4 (1.6) and 1.1 (0.5) MU/g (nmol/g) shucked meat at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, respectively. The accumulation rates of toxin, calculated from the total amount (nmol) of toxins expressed by the total cell number fed during the exposure period and the toxicity of the oysters, were 14.1, 18.7, 5.1, 14.9 and 3.2% for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. During feeding experiments, the toxin profile of oysters changed substantially, showing marked differences from the proportions found in the toxigenic dinoflagellate used as food. The toxin components in this strain existed almost exclusively as beta-epimers, which accounted for 66.3 mol% of the total. This contrasts with the case of the oysters, where the beta-epimers represented 24.8, 29.8, 25.1, 27.3 and 25.2 mol% of the total at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, respectively. The amount of gonyautoxin-1 (GTX1) accumulated in oysters increased linearly and slowly for 8 days and the maximum content of GTX1 reached 51.3 mol%. The composition of GTX group compounds recovered from the seawater in which the oysters had been reared was a little different from that within the oyster tissues.  (+info)

LITERATURE CITED. Alfaro AC, McArdle B, Jeff AG (2010) Temporal patterns of arrival of beachcast green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) spat harvested for aquaculture in New Zealand and its relationship with hydrodynamic and meteorological conditions. Aquaculture 302: 208-218. [ Links ] Barber BJ (1996) Gametogenesis of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791), and Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793) in disease-endemic lower Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Shellfish Research 15: 285-290. [ Links ] Barber BJ, Blake NJ (1991) Reproduction. In: Shumway SE, Parsons GJ (eds). Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp: 394-407. [ Links ] Barber BJ , Blake NJ (2006) Reproductive physiology. In: Shumway SE , Parsons GJ (eds) Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier. Amsterdam, pp: 357-416. [ Links ] Brousseau D (1995) Gametogenesis and spawning in intertidal oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from western Long Island Sound. Journal of Shellfish ...
Toxoplasma gondii has recently been recognized to be widely prevalent in the marine environment. It has previously been determined that Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) can remove sporulated T. gondii oocysts from seawater and that oocysts retain their infectivity for mice. This study examined the long-term survival of T. gondii oocysts in oysters and examined how efficient oysters were at removing oocysts from seawater. Oysters in 76-L aquaria (15 oysters per aquarium) were exposed to 1 × 106 oocysts for 24 hr and examined at intervals up to 85 days postexposure (PE). Ninety percent (9 of 10) of these oysters were positive on day 1 PE using mouse bioassay. Tissue cysts were observed in 1 of 2 mice fed tissue from oysters exposed 21 days previously. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in 2 of 3 mice fed oysters that had been exposed 85 days previously. In another study, groups of 10 oysters in 76-L aquaria were exposed to 1 × 105, 5 × 104, or 1 × 104 sporulated T. gondii oocysts ...
International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Principality of Monaco. In the framework of a program focusing on marine resource protection and management in the Caribbean, the objective of this work was to characterize As bioaccumulation in the common edible oyster Crassostrea virginica. Dissolved As (stable As + 73As as a tracer) was taken up according to saturation kinetics for all tested exposure concentrations (2-10 mg l-1), and steady-state was reached rapidly within ~1 week. A slight decrease in uptake efficiency was observed for the higher concentration tested. Whole-body depuration kinetics showed that 73As was lost according to double exponential depuration kinetics that were characterized by short-lived biological half-lives (Tb1/2s) of 0.5-0.9 d and by long-lived Tb1/2l of 8-16 d. No significant difference in 73As retention was found among different initial exposure concentrations of As. Overall, our results indicate that C. virginica bioaccumulates As ...
Pyrene (PYR) and fluorene (FLU) are among the sixteen priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and are both frequently detected in contaminated sites. Due to the importance of bivalve mollusks in biomonitoring programs and the scarce information on the biotransformation system in these organisms, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PYR and FLU at the transcriptional level and the enzymatic activities of some biotransformation systems in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and to evaluate the histological effects in their soft tissues. Oysters C. gigas were exposed for 24 h and 96 h to PYR (0.25 and 0.5 μM) and FLU (0.6 and 1.2 μM). After exposure, transcript levels of cytochrome P450 coding genes (CYP1-like, CYP2-like, CYP2AU2, CYP356A1, CYP17α-like), glutathione S tranferase genes (omega GSTO-like and microsomal, MGST-like) and sulfotransferase gene (SULT-like), and the activity of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase ...
The Fox genes encode a group of transcription factors that contain a forkhead domain, which forms a structure known as a winged helix. These transcription factors play a crucial role in several key biological processes, including development. High-degree identity in the canonical forkhead domain has been used to divide Fox proteins into 23 families (FoxA to FoxS). We surveyed the genome of three spiralians, the oyster Crassostrea gigas, the limpet Lottia gigantea, and the annelid Capitella teleta. We identified 25 C. gigas fox genes, 21 L. gigantea fox genes, and 25 C. teleta fox genes. The C. gigas fox and L. gigantea fox genes represented 19 of the 23 families, whereas FoxI, Q1, R, and S were missing. The majority of the Fox families were observed within the C. teleta fox genes, with the exception of FoxR and S. In addition, the foxAB-like gene, foxY-like gene, and foxH gene were also present in the three genomes. The conserved FoxC-FoxL1 cluster, observed in mammals, was also found in C. ...
Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used and can be measured in aquatic ecosystems, including coastal waters. The effect of glyphosate on non-target organisms is an issue of worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to glyphosate in juvenile oysters, Crassostrea gigas. Yearling oysters were exposed to three concentrations of glyphosate (0.1, 1 and 100μgL(-1)) for 56days. Various endpoints were studied, from the individual level (e.g., gametogenesis and tissue alterations) to the molecular level (mRNA quantification), including biochemical endpoints such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase activities and malondialdehyde content. No mortality and growth occurred during the experiment, and individual biomarkers revealed only slight effects. The levels of gene expression significantly increased in oysters exposed to the highest glyphosate concentration (GST and metallothioneins) or to all concentrations (multi-xenobiotic ...
Were working on a project with Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Micah Horwith to identify potential proteomic biomarkers in geoduck (Panopea generosa) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). One aspect of the project is how to best conduct sampling of juvenile geoduck (Panopea generosa) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to minimize changes in the proteome of ctenidia tissue during sampling. Generally, live animals are shucked, tissue dissected, and then the tissue is snap frozen. However, Micahs crew will be collecting animals from wild sites around Puget Sound and, because of the remote locations and the means of collection, will have limited tools and time to perform this type of sampling. Time is a significant component that will have great impact on proteomic status in each individual.. As such, Micah and crew wanted to try out a different means of sampling that would help preserve the state of the proteome at the time of collection. Micah and crew have collected ...
The aim of the present study is to determine presence of Plasmid-R in isolated bacteria of C. virginica, during its process of collection, distribution, commercialization, and consumption in Alvarado, Veracruz lagoon.
Response to divergent selection for high and low survival during the summer period, from July to October, was investigated in juvenile (six-month-old) Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, by...
The protozoan oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus causes extensive mortality in eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations during summer and fall across much of the oysters distribution. Despite more than 40 yr of ...
Perkinsus marinus infection intensity was measured in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica collected in October and December 1993, and March, May, and July 1994 from 3 U.S. sites: Apalachicola Bay (FL), Chesapeake Bay (VA), and Oyster Bay (Mr). Gill, mantle, digestive gland. adductor muscle, hemolymph, and remaining tissue (including gonadal material and rectum) were dissected from 20 oysters from each site at each collection time. Samples were separately diagnosed for P. marin us infections by incubation in Rays Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (RFTM) and subsequent microscopic quantification of purified enlarged hypnospores. At all sampling times and sites, average P. marinus infection intensity (g wet wt tissue(-1) or ml hemolymph(-1)) was lowest in hemolymph samples, and generally highest in the digestive gland. Perkinsus marinus prevalence was 100% at both FL and NY sites for each of the 5 collection times, and, for the VA site, was less than 100% in only 1 month (May 1994). Seasonal intensity
Huge mortality outbreaks affecting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) spat/juveniles are sometimes related to the detection of a herpesvirus referred to as ostreid herpesvirus sort 1 (OsHV-1). On this work, experimental an infection trials of C. gigas spat with OsHV-1 have been carried out utilizing two contrasted Pacific oyster households for his or her susceptibility to viral.... ...
Huge mortality outbreaks affecting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) spat/juveniles are sometimes related to the detection of a herpesvirus referred to as ostreid herpesvirus sort 1 (OsHV-1). On this work, experimental an infection trials of C. gigas spat with OsHV-1 have been carried out utilizing two contrasted Pacific oyster households for his or her susceptibility to viral.... ...
We have developed a PCR-assay for the diagnosis of juvenile oyster disease (JOD) based on the detection of Roseovarius crassostreae directly from affected oysters. Species-specific primers are used to amplify the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of R. crassostreae, and confirmation of product identity is accomplished by restriction enzyme analysis. No false positives were obtained with either closely related bacterial species or from other DNAs present in oyster samples. The assay has the potential to detect as few as 10 cells of R. crassostreae per oyster when samples are taken from the inner valve surfaces of the animal. Inclusion of material from soft body surfaces is not necessary, and may reduce sensitivity approximately 10-fold. In a JOD-affected population, a positive PCR result was obtained from all oysters from which these bacteria were subsequently cultured. The assay also detected the presence of R. crassostreae in 2 oysters from which no...
In the last decade, a paradigm shift has emerged in comparative immunology. Invertebrates can no longer be considered to be devoid of specific recognition and immune memory. However, we still lack a comprehensive view of these phenomena and their molecular mechanisms across phyla, especially in terms of duration, specificity, and efficiency in a natural context. In this study, we focused on a Lophotrochozoan/virus interaction, as antiviral priming is mostly overlooked in molluscs. Juvenile Crassostrea gigas oysters experience reoccurring mass mortalities events from Ostreid herpes virus 1 with no existing therapeutic treatment. Our results showed that various nucleic acid injections can prime oysters to trigger an antiviral state ultimately protecting them against a subsequent viral infection. Focusing on poly(I:C) as elicitor, we evidenced that it protected from an environmental infection, by mitigating viral replication. That protection seemed to induce a specific antiviral response as poly(I:C) fails
In the last decade, a paradigm shift has emerged in comparative immunology. Invertebrates can no longer be considered to be devoid of specific recognition and immune memory. However, we still lack a comprehensive view of these phenomena and their molecular mechanisms across phyla, especially in terms of duration, specificity, and efficiency in a natural context. In this study, we focused on a Lophotrochozoan/virus interaction, as antiviral priming is mostly overlooked in molluscs. Juvenile Crassostrea gigas oysters experience reoccurring mass mortalities events from Ostreid herpes virus 1 with no existing therapeutic treatment. Our results showed that various nucleic acid injections can prime oysters to trigger an antiviral state ultimately protecting them against a subsequent viral infection. Focusing on poly(I:C) as elicitor, we evidenced that it protected from an environmental infection, by mitigating viral replication. That protection seemed to induce a specific antiviral response as poly(I:C) fails
Borrego, J.J., Morinigo, M.A., de Vicente, A., Cornax, R., Romero, P. 1987. Coliphages as an indicator of fecal pollution in water. Its relationship with indicator and pathogenic microorganisms. Water Research. 12: 1473-1480.. Bricelj, V.M and Shumway, S.E. 1998. Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Bivalve Molluscs: Occurrence, Transfer Kinetics, and Biotransformation. Reviews in Fisheries Science. 6: 315-383.. Caplenas, N.R. and Kanarek, M.S. 1984. Thermotolerant non-fecal source Klebsiella pneumonia: validity of the fecal coliform test in recreational waters. American Journal of Public Health. 74: 1273-1275.. Dancer, D., Rangdale, R.E., Lowther, J.A., Lees, D.N. 2010. Human Norovirus RNA Persists in Seawater under Simulated Winter Conditions but Does Not Bioaccumulate Efficiently in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Journal of Food Protection. 73: 2123-2127.. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2005. Vibrio parahaemolyticus risk assessment: quantitative risk assessment on the public health impact ...
Two cases of haplosporidian infection occurred during 1993 in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas from the French Atlantic coast. The localization and ultrastructure of the plasmodia are described. In situ hybridization of infected tissue sections was conducted with DNA probes for oyster-infecting haplosporidians. The Haplosporidium nelsoni-specific DNA probe MSX1347 hybridized with the C. gigas parasite, and the H. costale-specific probe SSO1318 did not hybridize. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the infected tissue sections for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the haplosporidian. PCR amplifications with H. nelsoni-specific primers and with universal actin primers did not yield the expected products of 573 and 700 bp, respectively. A series of primers was designed to amplify short regions of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) from most haplosporidians. The primers encompass a highly variable region of the SSU rDNA and did not amplify oyster DNA. PCR amplification of the ...
ABSTRACT: An ultrastructural study was carried out on Mikrocytos mackini, the cause of Denman Island disease in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas in western Canada. Three forms were identified, quiescent cells (QC), vesicular cells (VC) and endosomal cells (EC). QC occurred in the vesicular connective tissue (VCT), haemocytes (hyalinocytes), adductor and heart myocytes, and extracellularly. They had a central round to ovoid nucleus, ,7 cisternae of inactive nuclear membrane-bound Golgi, few vesicles and lysosome-like bodies. VC were rarely extracellular and usually occurred in adductor and heart myocytes, in close association with host cell mitochondria. The contents of the host cell mitochondria appeared to pass through a tubular extension into the cytoplasm of the parasite. Cytoplasmic vesicles resembled the tubular structure in appearance and size. EC occurred in the VCT, in haemocytes and extracellularly. They had a dilated nuclear membrane, sometimes containing a looped membranous structure ...
Increasing evidences have demonstrated that the invertebrate gill is a predominant tissue participating in the immune response during pathogen challenge. In the present study, the hematopoiesis and immune activities in gill of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated. Stem-like cells with big nuclei and thin cytoplasm were found in the tubules of gill filaments, where DNA synthesis is ac ...
Increasing evidences have demonstrated that the invertebrate gill is a predominant tissue participating in the immune response during pathogen challenge. In the present study, the hematopoiesis and immune activities in gill of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated. Stem-like cells with big nuclei and thin cytoplasm were found in the tubules of gill filaments, where DNA synthesis is ac ...
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a critical member of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-containing Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) protein family, is a master transcription factor involved in maintaining oxygen homeostasis. In the present study, we isolated and characterized a novel bHLH-PAS family member, CgHIFα-like gene, from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and determined its importance during hypoxia stress. The 3020-bp CgHIFα-like cDNA encoded a protein of 888 amino acids. The predicted CgHIFα-like amino acid sequence was conserved in the N-terminal bHLH, PAS, and PAC domains (but not in the C-terminal domain) and was most closely related to the HIF family in the bHLH-PAS protein phylogenic tree ...
Schwartz, Julie , Emilie Réalis-Doyelle, Marie-Pierre Dubos, Benjamin Lefranc, Jérôme Leprince, et Pascal Favrel. 2019. « Characterization Of An Evolutionarily Conserved Calcitonin Signalling System In A Lophotrochozoan, The Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) ». The Journal Of Experimental Biology 222 (13): jeb201319. doi:10.1242/jeb.201319. http://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.201319 ...
Barber, B.J., R.B. Carnegie and C.V. Davis. 1996. Effect of timing of seed deployment on growth and mortality of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, affected by Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27: 443-448.. Barber, B.J., C.V. Davis and M.A. Crosby. 1998. Cultured oysters, Crassostrea virginica, genetically selected for fast growth in the Damariscotta River, Maine, are resistant to mortality caused by Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD). Journal of Shellfish Research 17: 1171-1175.. Barber, B., C. Davis and R. Hawes. 1998. Genetic selection of oysters for fast growth and disease resistance in Maine. Abstracts of the First Annual Northeast Aquaculture Conference and Exposition, Rockport, Maine, USA, November 18-19, 1998. pp. 78-79 (Abstract). Barber, B.J., C.V. Davis, R.B. Carnegie and K.J. Boettcher. 2000. Management of Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD) in Maine. Journal of Shellfish Research 19: 641. (Abstract).. Boardman, C.L., A.P. Maloy and K.J. Boettcher. 2008. ...
Oyster extracts have been reported to have many bioactive peptides. But the function of oyster peptides produced by proteolysis is still unknown. In this study, the oligopeptide-enriched hydrolysates from oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were produced using the protease from Bacillus sp. SM98011 at laboratory level, and scaled up to pilot (100 L) and plant (1,000 L) levels with the same conditions. And the antitumor activity and immunostimulating effects of the oyster hydrolysates in BALB/c mice were investigated. The growth of transplantable sarcoma-S180 was obviously inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in BALB/c mice given the oyster hydrolysates. Mice receiving 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/g of body weight by oral gavage had 6.8%, 30.6% and 48% less tumor growth, respectively. Concurrently, the weight coefficients of the thymus and the spleen, the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, the spleen proliferation of lymphocytes and the phagocytic rate of macrophages in S180-bearing mice significantly increased after
Oyster and Clam Genetics. The goal of these projects is to develop and utilize molecular genetic markers for aquaculture species including the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, the hard clam, Mercinaria mercenaria and the Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis, which is being considered for introduction into the Chesapeake Bay. The molecular markers are being used for population genetic analyses, genetic tracking of oyster restoration efforts with hatchery reared stocks and examination of the genetic interactions between hatchery stocks and wild populations. In addition, these markers provide molecular markers for genetic maps and information to facilitate breeding programs allowing for rapid development of a wide variety of strains and breeds with the long term goal of genetically improved strains for aquaculture and fishery replenishment ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of the oyster C. gigas to oxygen levels at subcellular and whole-organism levels. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was...
PESSATTI, Tomás B; TANIGUCHI, Satie; BICEGO, Marcia Caruso; et al. Upregulation of biotransformation genes in gills of oyster Crassostrea brasiliana exposed in situ to urban effluents, FlorianópolisBay, Southern Brazil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Amsterdam, v. 131, p. 172-180, 2016. Disponível em: < http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.003 > DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.003 ...
Hemocytes mediate a series of immune reactions essential for bivalve survival in the environment, however, the impact of harmful algal species and their associated phycotoxins upon bivalve immune system is under debate. To better understand the possible toxic effects of these toxins, Crassostrea gigas hemocytes were exposed to brevetoxin (PbTx-2). Hemocyte viability, monitored through the neutral red retention and MTT reduction assays, and apoptosis (Hoechst staining) remained unchanged during 12 h of exposure to PbTx-2 in concentrations up to 1000 µg/L. Despite cell viability and apoptosis remained stable, hemocytes incubated for 4 h with 1000 µg/L of PbTx-2 revealed higher expression levels of Hsp70 (p | 0.01) and CYP356A1 ( p | 0.05) transcripts and a tendency to increase FABP expression, as evaluated by Real-Time quantitative PCR. The expression of other studied genes (BPI, IL-17, GSTO, EcSOD, Prx6, SOD and GPx) remained unchanged. The results suggest that the absence of cytotoxic effects of PbTx
Tandem and interspersed repetitive DNA sequences make up a large part of eukaryotic genomes, being present also in bivalve molluscs (class Bivalvia). Recently sequenced genome of Crassostrea gigas shows high abundance of repetitive sequences (36 %). In this work, using bioinformatic approach, 10 most abundant types of tandemly repeated sequences were found. Taking into account monomer lengths typical for satellite DNA and the ability of forming long arrays, these tandem repetas are potentially new satellite DNAs. On the other hand, they are quite special in being inserted into transposons. In fact, a detailed analysis of their flanking regions showed that they bear structural characteristics typical for non - autonomous mobile genetic elements of the Helitron superfamily. The presence of such elements was investigated in the related species Ostrea edulis. A close connection between Helitrons and tandem repeats has been identified and two models for satellite spreading from transposable elements ...
The effects of hypoxia and anoxia on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larval settlement, juvenile growth, and juvenile survival were studied. Settlement was reduced significantly (P | 0.05) in hypoxic treatments, as compared to normoxic treatments , and almost no settlement took place in anoxic treatments. After 96 h, 38% and 4% of the larvae placed in hypoxic and anoxic treatments had settled, while 79% settled in normoxic treatments. In the first 144 h after settlement, juveniles in hypoxic treatments grew one third as much as those in normoxic treatments, while juveniles in anoxic treatments did not grow at all. Median mortality times of recently settled juveniles in hypoxic and anoxic treatments were 131 h and 84 h, respectively. We conclude that hypoxic and anoxic waters have potentially detrimental effects on oyster settlement and recruitment.
Media supplements have been investigated for their influence on the viability of primary cell cultures from the heart of Crassostrea gigasoysters. Soluble factors of vertebrate origin were tested,...
The effects of storage on the microbial quality of slipper oysters, Crassostrea iredalei, were examined. Oysters were stored at room temperature (24°C), under a blanket of ice (3-4 C), chilled (4-C) and frozen (-25°C) until they spoiled. The shelf life of oysters stored at room temperature was only two days. Oysters held under a blanket of ice had a shelf life of 14 days and chilled oysters, 22 days. Frozen oysters remained in good condition over the 64 day storage period. The initial total aerobic bacterial count of oysters was 105cfu/g. Counts for frozen oysters decreased by 1 log (104) while counts for oysters stored at other temperatures increased by 2-4 log (107-109). Bacterial typing of 50 randomly-picked colonies made every four days showed Pseudomonas to be the predominant spoilage organism. Total and fecal coliform counts did not increase even for oysters held at room temperature. Typical Staphylococcus aureaus colonies were isolated but were shown to be non-pathogenic by the ...
Perkinsus marinus ATCC ® 50771™ Designation: LA9-8 [LA-9-8] Isolation: clone derived from strain LA9 (ATCC 50770), which came from eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Louisiana Gulf Coast
Perkinsus marinus ATCC ® 50773™ Designation: LA21 [LA-21] Isolation: eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, LA, Gulf Coast
ABSTRACT: The pseudolamellibranch is the only main bivalve particle processing system whose mechanisms of pseudofeces rejection on the mantle have not been elucidated. To this end, the entire mantle surface and underlying tissue characteristics were investigated in the oysters Crassostrea virginica and C. gigas, using scanning electron microscopy and histology, as well as observations of particle transport on half-shell preparations. Pseudofeces transport is effected by short simple cilia atop specialized radial ridges, which extend from the gill-mantle junction near the adductor muscle to the mantle edges. The histology of the ridges is characterized by a densely-ciliated pseudostratified epithelium and numerous acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS)-containing mucocytes, and differs markedly from that of the inter-ridge regions which present a cuboidal epithelium containing few mucocytes and isolated tufts of long simple cilia. In contrast to the pseudofeces transport (infrabranchial) region of the ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
Blooms of toxin-producing microalgae have significant socioeconomic and ecologic impacts.. From an economic point of view, they make certain cultivated and/or fished marine species unfit for consumption. This sometimes has major consequences for human activities directly or indirectly linked to shellfish farming.. From an ecological point of view, toxic microalgae disrupt the balance of natural or farmed populations by causing mortality or problems with recruitment.. Some toxic microalgae blooms produce paralysing phycotoxins that can then contaminate a proportion of oyster production.. The accumulation of toxins in oysters can prove poisonous or even fatal to consumers. The level of toxin is different for each shellfish: tolerance of phycotoxins varies within a single oyster population.. In this context, the ACCUTOX project is aimed at observing, analysing and improving understanding of the origins of the accumulation of paralysing phycotoxins in the oyster Crassostrea gigas.. ...
In the United States of America, oyster production is an important component of the seafood economy in many communities in coastal states. The severe impact of disease outbreaks and mass mortality of oyster larvae in hatcheries impacts production, since the oyster industry is largely dependent on hatchery and nursery production. The use of probiotics has been proposed as a potential preventative measure to limit the impact of bacterial diseases in shellfish hatcheries. In previous laboratory studies, the probiotic bacteria Phaeobacter inhibens S4 and Bacillus pumillus RI06-95 improved the survival of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae against the pathogens Vibrio tubiashii RE22 (now V. coralliilyticus) and Roseovarius crassostreae CV919-312T (now Alliroseovarius crassostreae). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of candidate probiotics P. inhibens S4 and B. pumillus RI06-95 for disease prevention in shellfish hatcheries. Chapter 1 provides an overview of bacterial disease in
We are investigating the potential impacts of PFAS (toxins) on oyster populations in Mobile Bay. Variation in PFAS body burden in relation to environmental conditions will be measured in oysters collected from the bay. In addition, we are quantifying the physiological consequences of these toxins to respiration and growth of oysters. Stakeholders will use our results to inform management of oyster populations, water quality, and food safety protocols. ...
This is a review of existing published global/regional strategies to avoid entrance and survival of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in hatchery and nursery systems producing oysters Crassostrea gigas. Author: CJ Rodgers, IRTA
Chu, F.-L. E., E. D. Lund, et al. 2006. Effects of triclosan on the oyster parasite, Perkinsus marinus and its host, the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica: A comparison at different temperatures. 98 Annual Meeting National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, CA (USA), 26-30 Mar 2006. Journal of Shellfish Research 25(2): 719 ...
Pyrene (PYR) and fluorene (FLU) are among the sixteen priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and are both frequently detected in contaminated sites. Due to the importance of bivalve mollusks in biomonitoring programs and the scarce information on the biotransformation system in these organisms, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PYR and FLU at the transcriptional level and the enzymatic activities of some biotransformation systems in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and to evaluate the histological effects in their soft tissues. Oysters C. gigas were exposed for 24 h and 96 h to PYR (0.25 and 0.5 µM) and FLU (0.6 and 1.2 µM). After exposure, transcript levels of cytochrome P450 coding genes (CYP1-like, CYP2-like, CYP2AU2, CYP356A1, CYP17α-like), glutathione S tranferase genes (omega GSTO-like and microsomal, MGST-like) and sulfotransferase gene (SULT-like), and the activity of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase ...
The accumulation of low levels (0.002 to 0.18 PFU/ml) of both feces-associated and monodispersed poliovirus by oysters (Crassostrea virginica or C. gigas) and clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) was investigated. These levels were chosen to duplicate the conditions present in light to moderately polluted waters. Experiments were performed in both small- and large-scale flowing seawater systems, developed to mimic the natural marine habitats of shellfish. Under these experimental conditions, viral accumulation by physiologically active shellfish was only noted when water column concentrations exceeded approximately 0.01 PFU/ml. Bioaccumulation increased with increasing concentrations of both monodispersed and feces-associated viruses. At virus concentrations below this level, viruses were seldom detected in either clams or oysters. Evidence indicated that the lack of accumulation was not the result of inefficient extraction or detection methods. The modified Cat-Floc-beef extract procedure used in the ...
Nutrition Facts For Cooked Eastern Oysters (Farmed) - Get a bar chart of the top 10 nutrients, and click to see an expanded list of over 151 nutrients, including amino acids.
Resistance of Pacific Oyster Larvae and Juveniles to the Effects of Ocean Acidification Chris LangdonHatfield Marine Science CenterCoastal Oregon Marine Experiment StationOregon State University2030 SE Marine Science DriveNewport, Oregon 97365Phone: 541-867-0231Fax: 541-867-0345Email Co-PIs: George Waldbusser, OSU; Eli Meyer, OSU
The impact of diets upon the fatty acid composition of haemocyte polar lipids and consequently upon immune parameters has been tested in the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Oysters and clams were fed each of three cultured algae: Chaetoceros calcitrans, which is rich in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) and poor in 22:6(n-3) fatty acids; T-Iso (Isochrysis sp.), which is rich in 22:6(n-3) and deficient in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6); and Tetraselmis suecica, which is deficient in 22:6(n-3) and contains only small amounts of 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6). Fatty acid composition of haemocyte polar lipids was greatly affected by the diet. Oysters and clams fed C. calcitrans maintained a higher proportion of 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) in their haemocyte ...
U.S. oyster growers are strongly concerned about the spread of OsHV-1 microvariants globally. I was part of the team that first detected OsHV-1 in Tomales Bay, California. To date the virus has been detected only in oysters in Tomales Bay and an adjacent bay, and no microvariants have been found yet in U.S. waters. The California OsHV-1 causes mortalities of young Pacific oysters, but is thought to be less virulent than OsHV-1 microvariants.. Given the spread of the OsHV-1 microvariants elsewhere around the world, it may only be a matter of time until they reach U.S. coastal bays or other nonimpacted oyster growing areas. We spent the summer of 2017 conducting experiments in Tomales Bay to determine whether any cultured U.S. oysters species are resistant to OsHV-1, and soon will also conduct laboratory challenges with OsHV-1 microvariants. Once OsHV-1 is established within a bay, mass oyster deaths typically occur each year during the summer when water temperatures are warm. The situation is ...
Parameters of hemocyte populations have been considered as relevant indicators of bivalve health and are currently used in immunotoxicological studies. Hemocytes in hemolymph can be collected by puncturing either the pericardial cavity or the adductor muscle sinus with a syringe. Flow cytometry is a methodological approach that is increasingly being used in laboratories for the study of hemocyte parameters in aquatic invertebrates. However, various protocols for hemocyte processing in laboratories equipped with different types of cytometers have been published. In this context, two flow cytometers (EPICS XL4®, Beckman Coulter and FacsCalibur®, Becton Dickinson) and two sites of hemocyte collection (pericardial cavity and adductor muscle sinus) were compared for the analysis of hemocyte parameters in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Hemolymph cells were analyzed in terms of their number and organelle contents. Cell mortality, phagocytosis, non specific esterase, extension of the lysosomal
The total standing stock of bivalves cultured in Thau Lagoon (France) that is mainly constituted of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, vary between 14,000 and 20,000 tons within a year. These variations were attributed to the rearing cycle of molluscs in the lagoon but also to their growth performances. Oysters cultured in the Thau Lagoon presented the best growth rate ever reported whereas trophic conditions are low : mean concentrations in organic particulate matter and total chlorophyll a averaged 1 mg.l-1 and 1.2 µg.l-1, respectively. The development of a growth model shows that temporal pattern (i.e. seasonality) of bivalve growth is explained by water temperature and spatial pattern is ...
Develop, calibrate, and validate a Haplosporidium nelsoni submodel, to be linked to an existing Crassostrea virginica-Perkinsus marinus host-parasite population dynamics model. Assemble and quality-assure calibration and input data from Chesapeake Bay Oyster population and disease monitoring programs. Develop spatial grid interpolations to match environmental and biological data for the Chesapeake Bay.
Invasive marine invertebrates occur around the world, but are often found in harbors, yacht basins, and bays.ref As with other invasive species, hull-fouling and ballast water are the most common pathways for the spread of invasive invertebrates, along with intentional and accidental release of aquaculture species. ref. Intentional introduction of invertebrates has occurred, for example, in Hawaii where commercially important shellfish were released [e.g., mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) from Samoa, oysters (Crassostrea spp.) from San Francisco, and littleneck clams (Tapes japonicum) from Japan]. ref The impacts of these species on Hawaiian ecosystems are still not well known. ref Other examples of marine invertebrate invasives in Hawaii include the snowflake coral (Carijoa riisei), the Caribbean barnacle (Chthamalus proteus), the keyhole sponge (Mycale grandis), and the Philippine mantis shrimp (Gonodactylus falcatus). ...
Summary of the gene family classification of four related species, Cyclina sinensis, Crassostrea gigas, Lottia gigantea and Capitella teleta.Only putative pepti
Los Angeles, CA - May 16, 2017 - Worldwide Business with kathy ireland® is pleased to announce an exclusive interview with Rita Love Owens, CEO of The RLO Group, a company that exists to bridge the communication and engagement gap between brands and consumers.. Owens will explain how The RLO Group helps interpret brand messaging in order to better connect with target segments; women, family and community.. The RLO Group aligns their clients in their respective communities around initiatives and organizations whose missions match the desire to reach their target segments with authentic messaging. The company was founded in 2010 and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.. Owens says that The RLO Group has a unique approach to creating trusted consumer experiences. She explains, First, you begin with transparency. Then, you add your creativity. Consumers want to have honest conversations. And you have to be sure that you take notice of that. You cant take that for granted. You cant take for ...
This is an emergent perennial herb growing from a large rhizome and producing many large leaves. An individual leaf may have a petiole nearly a meter long and a blade half a meter in length. The leaves are quite variable in shape and size, but they are often generally arrowhead-shaped. The inflorescence bears male and female flowers, as well as sterile flowers. The flower varies from whitish to greenish to yellow. The fruit is a brown berry containing a few seeds within a clear gelatinous pulp. Large number of seeds can accumulate in the soil of wetlands.[4][10] Peltandra virginica is a marshland aquatic plant, growing in North America bogs, ponds, and marshes. The roots and base grow into the submerged substrate, and the leaves and inflorescences project up and out of the water. The roots form a perennial rhizome. Various forms of leaf blades have been observed, both in larger ranges and smaller individual populations. Petioles range from green to green-purple to purple with a medium green ...
Free Online Library: Classification of common oysters from North China.(Report) by Journal of Shellfish Research; Zoology and wildlife conservation Biological sciences Crassostrea Genetic aspects Identification and classification Cytochrome oxidase Properties DNA sequencers Usage Mitochondria Oysters RNA
Its an old Chesapeake tradition, paving driveways, decorating gardens and the bases of rural mailboxes with oyster shells. But it may give way to a different purpose; helping to restore the Chesapeakes decimated oyster population. Heres why.. Oyster shells are just the thing an oyster farmer needs to spread across three or four acres of leased bottom in a Chesapeake tributary to form a bed for baby oysters to attach themselves and grow. But shells are hard to come by (see: tradition and decimated population), and expensive; $3 to $4 a bushel. And thats where homeowners like Jeff and Lisa Duffy come in.. ...
The OK! Kimonos Tora spats were designed by Seymour Yang, also known as Meerkatsu.The spats are visually appealing and made with high-quality material, plus the tiger is pretty cute.
Oysters once dominated the ecosystem of the Chesapeake Bay, and it would be difficult, if not impossible, for the Bay to return to full ecological health without restoring Crassotrea virginica to its glory days of the Chesapeakes apex filterer.
The tall man and the short man on the Ghost looked up.. Hello, Taft, the short man said, with insolent familiarity. (Among the bayfarers he had gained the nickname of The Centipede on account of his long arms.) Hello, Taft, he repeated, with the same touch of insolence. Wot r you growling about now?. Those are my oysters - thats what I said. Youve stolen them from my beds.. Yer mighty wise, aint ye? was the Centipedes sneering reply. Spose you can tell your oysters wherever you see em?. Now, in my experience, broke in the tall man, oysters is oysters wherever you find em, an theyre pretty much alike all the Bay over, and the world over, too, for that matter. Were not wantin to quarrel with you, Mr. Taft, but we jes wish you wouldnt insinuate that them oysters is yours an that were thieves an robbers till you can prove the goods.. I know theyre mine; Id stake my life on it! Mr. Taft snorted.. Prove it, challenged the tall man, who we afterward learned was ...
Species definitions in plants are often less strict than they seem to be for animals. Some research from a few years ago sought to identify how I. setosa was related to other North American wild irises. They found I. setosa was most likely one of the parents (with I. virginica) of I. versicolor. I. setosa and I. virginica are both diploid with 38 (19/19) and 70 (35/35) chromosomes, respectively. The hybrid between the two species is infertile due to mis-paired chromosome sets (19/35). But like in other cases (http://the-biologist-is-in.blogspot.com/2015/01/hybrid-sterility-and-speciation.html), that infertility can be resolved by a whole genome duplication like that which appears to have happened in the ancestors of modern I. versicolor ...
Frostweed is a perennial wildflower that reaches a height of about six feet. Frostweed is native to the following states: AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, and WV.
Clumping perennial with basal, elliptic to ovate shaped, pale green foliage that goes dormant after flowering; Bell shaped, nodding, shapphire blue blooms in spring; New buds emerge pink and change to blue as they mature; Prefers shade Purchase size: 1 gal ...
A Pacific oyster grown in the immaculate waters of Orcas Island, between Washington and British Columbia. Out there, they are practically immune to the vibrio
I cannot say enough about this dinner which was so much more than a just a dinner.. Our evening began with cocktails and wine served with Pacific oysters with cucumber verjus mignonette and a Bounty Board featuring house-cured Piccones Corner salumi.. We were then given a tour of the Wallow & Root Farm.. Following the tour we were taken to a field where we would enjoy dinner.. For me this culinary experience had three elements that really stood out.. #1 Watching our dinner being cooked over an open flame. Goodness! That was simply mesmerizing.. #2 Meeting some amazing people.. I cant wait to have Mona and Jaret - the Founders of Tournant on the Portland Culinary Podcast. Their story is beautiful and compelling.. I have known Austin for a numbers of years now and getting to meet the rest of the Piccones Corner team - Chef Nic Maraziti, Bar Manager Will Stenberg, and Head Butcher Noah Grobart was delightful.. I also got to meet Chef Anna Josephson and hear some of her story. She is someone else ...
But if you can get past the hyper-optimism of the titles, the article on oyster restoration efforts in Chesapeake Bay is fair, by Chesapeake Bay Program standards, and worth reading ...
Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Longchaeus acus (Gmelin, 1791). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215192 on 2017-12- ...
Rosenberg, G. (2010). Cypraea histrio Gmelin, 1791. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216781 on 2017-12- ...
A haplotype of 23 SNPs spanning 131.6 Kb shared by all affected members of 3 linked families with restless legs syndrome was identified. The shared candidate region covers 46.9 Kb over the potassium channel-related gene KCTD18 and exons 10-13 of SPATS2L ...
This is to inform you all that Auchi poly Spat form for the 2019/2020 session is out and and it ready for sale. The price is #........ Before.
Compare cheapest textbook prices for Clash of the Couples: A Humorous Collection of Completely Absurd Lovers Squabbles and Relationship Spats, Crystal Ponti - 9780989955331. Find the lowest prices on SlugBooks
Proteome IDi ,p>The proteome identifier (UPID) is the unique identifier assigned to the set of proteins that constitute the ,a href=http://www.uniprot.org/manual/proteomes_manual>proteome,/a>. It consists of the characters UP followed by 9 digits, is stable across releases and can therefore be used to cite a UniProt proteome.,p>,a href=/help/proteome_id target=_top>More...,/a>,/p> ...
We plan to apply the methodologies developed from our current NMFS-funded project for mtDNA markers, DNA fingerprinting, RNA probes and PCR technologies to quantify low-levels of Perkinsus marinus infections in order to fully describe the etiology of this oyster disease. Our progress in working with genetic markers of P. marinus has: Developed a sensitive PCR-based diagnostic assay for detecting P. marinus infections ; Identified an extrachromosomal relic plastid-genome in P.
The Oyster Bay Family Dentists Is An Oyster Bay, NY Cosmetic And Family Dentist Offering Implant Dentistry, Prosthetics, & More. Visit Our Lumineers Page!
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A look at the life of an oyster and a visit to an oyster farmer at Gujan-Mestras, on the Arcachon Basin, to find out, among other things, how the oyster parks…
Glenmorangie Distillery and a team of scientists from Heriot-Watt University have reached a significant milestone of returning 20,000 Native oysters to the Dornoch Firth as part of DEEP, a project focused on restoring a Native oyster reef.
Oyster has amazing benefits that include weight loss, increased bone strength, and strong immune system. Oysters are a good source of protein, vitamins and nutrients.
Oyster farmers are set to benefit from a new genetic tool that will help to prevent disease outbreaks and improve yields. The technology -- developed by scientists at the University of Edinburghs Roslin Institute -- will enable hatcheries to rapidly assess the genetic make-up of their oysters, so they can select animals with desirable characteristics from which to breed.
Where an oyster comes from really affects the way it looks and tastes, says Jeremy Sewall, chef and owner of Bostons Island Creek Oyster Bar and Row 34.
Did you know that the oyster is full of virtues? Besides being the only animal to contain vitamin C, Oyster is neither greasy nor
Made from the highest quality oyster extracts, Lee Kum Kee Oyster Sauce is perfect for any asian style dish. Available in a 18oz. and 32oz. bottle.
Eventbrite - Matunuck Oyster Bar presents Matunuck Oyster Farm Tour - Saturday, July 22, 2017 at 629 Succotash Rd, South Kingstown, RI. Find event and ticket information.
UV-H2O2 ist das am weitesten verbreitete Oxidationssystem mit nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit und einem hohen technischen Entwicklungsstand für die praktische Anwendung. Der Wirkung suspendierter Partikel in natürlichem Wasser auf die Entfernung organischer…. Read More ...
Die Astrochemie liegt im Spannungsfeld von Astronomie, Chemie und Molekularphysik. Auf der Grundlage präziser Labordaten wurde eine reichhaltige Sammlung von mehr als 200 bekannten und exotischen Molekülen im interstellaren Medium…. Read More ...
A new lawsuit charges Centraal with infringing on Networds recently patented keyword technology, in a case that could have implications for Netscapes new Smart Browser. By Chris Oakes.
While keeping the gun in what must look like a badly packed suitcase of a vagina may be a one-off event, you can be assured shes done scads of other crazy things leading up to that. This isnt the act of an otherwise rational individual momentarily overcome with emotion. Youve got to build up to that sort of thing.. Therefore, if we assume that this is only a single episode of bizarre behavior in a series of bizarre behaviors that has been escalating steadily over the years, we can conclude, with a high degree of certainty, that everybody in that house is crazy as fuck. None of this hes crazier or shes crazier bullshit. Everybody involved is completely loony.. I guarantee that her neighbors, upon hearing the news, thought about it for .7ms before deciding that, yes, this is exactly the sort of thing they had in mind when telling their children to stay away from that lady. Nobody will be surprised at all.. ...
Broadcasters took a big step toward eliminating free TV shows on the Web after they blocked access to their programming online this month to enforce their
... contracta (Conrad 1865) †Crassostrea cucullaris (Lamarck 1819) †Crassostrea cuebana (Jung 1974) †Crassostrea ... Crassostrea gryphoides (Schlotheim 1813) †Crassostrea hatcheri (Ihering 1899) †Crassostrea ingens (Zittel 1864) †Crassostrea ... Crassostrea cuttackensis (Newton & Smith, 1912) Crassostrea dianbaiensis (Xia, Wu, Xiao & Yu, 2014) Crassostrea rhizophorae ( ... Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck 1819) - Portuguese oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck 1819) Crassostrea chilensis (Philippi ...
... is a species of bivalves belonging to the family Ostreidae. The species is found in Central and ... "Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 10 October 2021. v t e (Articles with short description, ... Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Crassostrea, All stub articles, Bivalve ...
... , the West African mangrove oyster, is a true oyster in the family Ostreidae. The mangrove oyster is found in ...
... is a species of fossil oyster, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Ostreidae, the oyster. This species ... Crassostrea ingens is a giant fossil oyster. It has a shell reaching a height of 200 millimetres (7.9 in) to over 300 ... Crassostrea, Bivalves of New Zealand, Extinct animals of New Zealand, Molluscs described in 1864, All stub articles, Bivalve ...
Crassostrea nippona. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World ... 1930 is a synonym of Crassostrea nippona (Seki, 1934) Xenophora tenuis Hirase, 1934 is a synonym of Xenophora tenuis Fulton, ...
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)-also called the Atlantic oyster, American oyster, or East Coast oyster-is a species ... Like all oysters, Crassostrea virginica is a bivalve mollusk with a hard calcium carbonaceous shell that protects it from ... "Crassostrea virginica, Introduced Marine Species of Hawaii Guidebook". www2.bishopmuseum.org. Retrieved 2021-01-01. Newell, R.I ... "Crassostrea virginica". Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. Retrieved 6 December 2011. "Aquatic Reefs". About the Bay. ...
"Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)". Tpwd.state.tx.us. November 10, 2011. Fisheries, NOAA (February 4, 2022). "Oyster Reef ... A common species of oysters used in oyster restoration is the Eastern American oyster (Crassostrea virginica), which is also ... Crassostrea virginica) in the Mission-Aransas Estuary, TX, USA". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): e40839. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...740839B. doi: ...
"Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932)". SeaLifeBase. Retrieved 15 December 2018. (Articles with short description, Short ...
Who Killed Crassostrea virginica? The Fall and Rise of Chesapeake Bay Oysters (2011), Maryland Sea Grant College (60 min. film ... Crassostrea gigas), which is resistant to this disease. MSX was first described in 1957, when it caused serious mortalities in ... Crassostrea virginica)". Marine Biotechnology. 2 (5): 456-465. doi:10.1007/s101260000021. PMID 11246412. "Haplosporidium ...
"Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster)". www.cabi.org. "Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel)". www.cabi.org. "Deer: ... Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster) Crepidula fornicata (Common slipper shell) Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) Dreissena ...
Once the native oyster beds had been exhausted farmers began to import and plant the seeds of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas ... Crassostrea gigas; and Pacific Razor Clams, Siliqua patula, in the State of Washington". NOAA Technical Report NMFS. 128: 90. ...
"Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932)". SeaLifeBase. Retrieved 15 December 2018. Zhang, G.; Fang, X.; Guo, X.; Li, L.; Luo, R ... Species in this genus have been moved from Crassostrea after it was found to be paraphyletic. Extant species include: Magallana ... formerly Crassostrea in part) is well-founded and necessary". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192: 43-58. doi: ...
"Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster)". www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2021-11-18. "Piedmont elimia (Elimia virginica) - Species ...
nov., isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea gigas)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65 (Pt_9 ...
... recurvum grows on Crassostrea virginica reefs. These reefs appear off the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. They tend to ...
... and Crassostrea gigas is considered by part of the scientific community to be the proper denomination as an accepted ... It was previously placed in the genus Crassostrea; from the Latin crass meaning "thick", ostrea meaning "oyster", ...
Crassostrea and Saccostrea live mainly in the intertidal zone, while Ostrea is subtidal. The hard surfaces of oyster shells and ... Evidence suggests it was brought to the US when Crassostrea gigas, Pacific oyster variety, was introduced to Delaware Bay. ... This disease mainly affects Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). The disease was first described in 1960 near Denman Island off ... For example, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) was introduced to California waters in 1875, while the Pacific oyster ...
... and Crassostrea nippona is considered by part of the scientific community to be the proper denomination as an accepted ... "The proposed dropping of the genus Crassostrea for all Pacific cupped oysters and its replacement by a new genus Magallana: a ... It was previously placed in the genus Crassostrea; from the Latin crass meaning "thick", ostrea meaning "oyster", ...
... is a bacterium from the genus of Tenacibaculum which has been isolated from the oyster Crassostrea ... nov., isolated from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. ...
Frierman EM, Andrews JD (February 1976). "Occurrence of hematopoietic neoplasms in Virginia oysters (Crassostrea virginica)". ...
Survival rates are low at about 5%. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is cultivated by similar methods but in larger ... "Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme: Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793)". FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. ...
2016). One study from Brazil found that 100% of cultivated oysters, Crassostrea rhizopjorae, were infected by Nematopsis sp.. ... Protozoa, Apicomplexa) in the oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828), cultivated in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. ... Histological examination of Indian oysters, Crassostrea madasensis, demonstrated hypertrophy of infected cells, leading to ... Apicomplexa: Porosporidae) infection in Crassostrea madrasensis and its associated histopathology. MBAI. 58(1): 1890-1904. doi: ...
It is ingested by its mollusc host, which is often an oyster of the genus Crassostrea. It then becomes a trophozoite, which ... The most economically important host is the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). The parasite is also common in C. ... 1993). Perkinsus marinus susceptibility and defense-related activities in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica: temperature ...
Differentiation between populations of the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata (Lamark) and the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea ... The Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, is a species of oyster found in the southwest Iberian Peninsula, closely related ... Evidence for the presence of the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, in northern China. Journal of Shellfisheries Research ... Genetic differentiation in marine and estuarine natural populations of Crassostrea angulata. Marine Ecology Progress Series. [2 ...
Shell types include Crassostrea virginica, Mercenaria mercenaria, Tagelus plebeius, Arca sp., Donax variabilis, Geukensia ...
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in 2005 at the East Frisian coast, Germany". Journal of Fish Diseases. 31 (8): 621-630. doi: ... "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy caused by a papova like virus infection in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Korea". ... "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Ireland". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 83 (3): 181- ... "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy of Crassostrea gigas in France: from occasional records to disease emergence?". Diseases of ...
"Suminoe Oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis) Culture in Korea" Journal of Shellfish Research: 08/2008; 27(3):505-508. "Age and ... It is large and flat in appearance and almost identical in gross morphology to Crassostrea virginica. Similar to other oysters ... The native species to the Chesapeake Bay, Crassostrea virginica has declined in population over the past three centuries, ... 1996 Age and Growth of Wild Suminoe (Crassostrea Ariakensis, Fugita 1913) and Pacific (C. Gigas, Thunberg 1793) Oysters from ...
They were then replaced by cultivated oysters of Japanese origin, Crassostrea gigas). Today, Locmariaquérois oyster farmers are ...
The preferred host of this ectoparasite is the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. The thick shell is opaque and grows to a ...
Crassostrea virginica) along the Atlantic coast of Canada". Evolutionary Applications. 12 (3): 587-609. doi:10.1111/eva.12741. ...
Crassostrea species Crassostrea tulipa Name. Synonyms. Crassostrea gasar (Deshayes, 1830). Crassostrea tulipa (Lamarck, 1819). ... Crassostrea tulipa (Lamarck, 1819). Crassostrea tulipa (Lamarck, 1819). Bibliographic References. * Cosel, R. von; Gofas, S. ( ... Kamara, A. (1982). Preliminary studies to culture mangrove oysters, ,i,Crassostrea tulipa,/i,, in Sierra Leone. ,em,Aquaculture ... Crassostrea tulipa (Lamarck, 1819) Dataset GBIF Backbone Taxonomy Rank SPECIES http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ...
Gjeldende kategori er svært høy risiko SE ...
Crassostrea gigas. (Pacific giant oyster). Mollusks-Bivalves. Exotic. Collection Info. Point Map. Species Profile. Animated Map ...
Only Crassostrea gigas with active sperm or eggs were used for crosses (nmale, low = 6, nfemale, low = 22, nmale, ambient = 6, ... Effects of increased seawater pCO2 on early development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Aquat. Biol. 1:91-98. Google Scholar ... Larval Crassostrea gigas were negatively impacted when maternal brood stock were exposed to low pH (pH = 7.31), suggesting a ... Effects of sea-water acidification on fertilization and larval development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. ...
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This study aimed at characterizing the diet of the oyster Crassostrea gigas along an estuarine gradient in the Bay of Brest ( ... Abstract : This study aimed at characterizing the diet of the oyster Crassostrea gigas along an estuarine gradient in the Bay ... Spatial variability of stable isotope ratios in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and primary producers along an estuarine gradient ( ... Crassostrea gigas) and primary producers along an estuarine gradient (Bay of Brest, France). Estuaries and Coasts, 2013, 36 (4 ...
A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Carolina Penaloza, Alejandro Gutierrez Silva, Lel ... A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In: GigaScience. 2021 ; Vol. 10, No. 3. ... Dive into the research topics of A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Together they ... A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. / Penaloza, Carolina; Gutierrez Silva, Alejandro; ...
The neuroendocrine immunomodulatory axis-like pathway mediated by circulating haemocytes in pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. ... like pathway mediated by the nervous system and haemocytes was characterized in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Once invaded ... The neuroendocrine immunomodulatory axis-like pathway mediated by circulating haemocytes in pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, ...
... Type. Article. ... Crassostrea gigas. Plos One, 10(6), -. Publishers official version : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130628 , Open ...
... - Aktar dwar din l-ispeċi: Denominazzjonijiet kummerċjali, Metodi ta Produzzjoni u Tagħmir tas-Sajd, ... Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) n-Nomenklatura Magħquda Skema ta klassifikazzjoni ta prodotti riveduta kull sena użata ...
Genus Crassostrea Crassostrea: pictures (5) * Species Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica: information (1) Crassostrea ...
Im thus returning to my memory of the discovery of the Crassostrea Gigas in Skagerrak in order to get to the core of how this ...
Crassostrea normalis from the Early Miocene Chipola Fm. of Calhoun County, Florida (UF 8809).. ...
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) is a marine bivalve belonging to the phylum Mollusca, which contains the ... Crassostrea gigas) development by quantitative real-time PCR. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2013 Mar;34(3):939-45. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi ... Retrieved from "http://192.168.164.12:9052/index.php?title=Crassostrea_gigas&oldid=8411" ...
Preparation and in vitro antioxidant activity of enzymatic hydrolysates from oyster (Crassostrea talienwhannensis) meat. In: ... Preparation and in vitro antioxidant activity of enzymatic hydrolysates from oyster (Crassostrea talienwhannensis) meat. / Dong ... Preparation and in vitro antioxidant activity of enzymatic hydrolysates from oyster (Crassostrea talienwhannensis) meat. ... In the present study, oyster (Crassostrea talienwhannensis) meat was digested with three proteases including papain, neutrase ...
Title: Results of the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) embryo-larval biassay on samples taken during the winter phase of national ... Taxonomic Keywords: Crassostrea gigas. Extent: 10. Permalink: http://www.environmentdata.org/archive/ealit:1950. Total file ...
"Who Killed Crassostrea Virginica?" Film Screening. Event Date: 10/10/2018. Time: 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Location: The Havre de ...
Tag: Crassostrea virginica. The Eastern Oyster-Natures Engineer. Posted on December 31, 2019. December 31, 2019. by ... Posted in eNewsletter Tagged bivalve, Crassostrea virginica, Gobler lab, oysters, salinity, shellfish ... Inside the thick, knobby shell of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a velvety creature that is constantly filtering ...
ALMEIDA, Ulysses de et al. Biomaterials analysis and use, made of crassostrea gigas shells in rats periondontal defects. ... The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a biomaterial based on Crassostrea gigas shell in the application of ... Crassostrea; Periodontal defect; Bone substitute; Periodontal Dislases; Bone Transplantation; Biocomplative Materials.. · ...
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Influence of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) sexual maturation stage and ploidy on uptake of paralytic phycotoxins. Marielle ... Marielle Guéguen, Régis Baron, Michèle Bardouil, Hansy Haberkorn, Philippe Soudant, et al.. Influence of Crassostrea gigas ( ...
C-banding in the oysters Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis. Authors: Leitão, Alexandra. Chaves, Raquel. Santos, Sara. Boudry ... C-banding in the oysters crassostrea.pdf. 114,48 kB. Adobe PDF. View/Open. ... C-banding in the oysters Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis, Trabalho apresentado em 14th International Chromosome Conference ...
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Three bivalves: Anadara (Senilia) senilis (n=220), Crassostrea tulipa (n=260) from two open lagoons (Benya and Ningo) and a ... Mercury in the bivalves Anadara (Senilia) senilis, Perna perna and Crassostrea tulipa from Ghana. Posted on: 13 Dec, 2017 8:47 ...
PDF | Background The common long-arm octopus (Octopus minor) is found in mudflats of subtidal zones and faces numerous environmental challenges. The... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
First, we cloned a β integrin from Crassostrea gigas hemocytes and used real-time RT-PCR to analyze the quantitative expression ... First, we cloned a β integrin from Crassostrea gigas hemocytes and used real-time RT-PCR to analyze the quantitative expression ... First, we cloned a β integrin from Crassostrea gigas hemocytes and used real-time RT-PCR to analyze the quantitative expression ... First, we cloned a β integrin from Crassostrea gigas hemocytes and used real-time RT-PCR to analyze the quantitative expression ...
Production of Calcium-Binding Proteins in Crassostrea virginica in Response to Increased Environmental CO2 Concentration.PDF ... Image_5_Production of Calcium-Binding Proteins in Crassostrea virginica in Response to Increased Environmental CO2 ... Image_5_Production of Calcium-Binding Proteins in Crassostrea virginica in Response to Increased Environmental CO2 ... Production of Calcium-Binding Proteins in Crassostrea virginica in Response to Increased Environmental CO2 Concentration ...
  • To assess how a temporary exposure to experimental ocean acidification affects the ecologically and commercially relevant Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas , adult oysters were exposed to either low pH (7.31 ± 0.02) or ambient pH (7.82 ± 0.02) conditions for 7 wk. (bioone.org)
  • This study aimed at characterizing the diet of the oyster Crassostrea gigas along an estuarine gradient in the Bay of Brest (France), through stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) measurements in primary producers and wild oysters. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Background: The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a bivalve mollusc with vital roles in coastal ecosystems and aquaculture globally. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In this study, a neuroendocrine immunomodulatory axis (NIA)-like pathway mediated by the nervous system and haemocytes was characterized in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. (datadryad.org)
  • I'm thus returning to my memory of the discovery of the Crassostrea Gigas in Skagerrak in order to get to the core of how this has developed a forced restructure of the ecosystem over the past 10 years. (hillevihogstrom.com)
  • The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) is a marine bivalve belonging to the phylum Mollusca, which contains the largest number of described marine animal species. (big.ac.cn)
  • 1.0 1.1 1.2 Du Y, Zhang L, Xu F, Huang B, Zhang G, Li L. Validation of housekeeping genes as internal controls for studying gene expression during Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) development by quantitative real-time PCR. (big.ac.cn)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a biomaterial based on Crassostrea gigas shell in the application of periodontal defects in rats.MEV analysis of the particles showed a variety of sizes and microporous surface, while EDXRF analysis demonstrated calcium oxide as the main component. (bvsalud.org)
  • Influence of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) sexual maturation stage and ploidy on uptake of paralytic phycotoxins. (univ-brest.fr)
  • C-banding in the oysters Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis, Trabalho apresentado em 14th International Chromosome Conference, In 14th International Chromosome Conference, Würzburg, 2001. (utad.pt)
  • First, we cloned a β integrin from Crassostrea gigas hemocytes and used real-time RT-PCR to analyze the quantitative expression level of its encoding mRNA. (elsevier.com)
  • Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper concentrations of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, purchased from four different markets were determined in this project. (edu.hk)
  • In this study, Crassostrea gigas ( C. gigas ) were exposed to tralopyril (1 μg/L) and/or OA (PH = 7.7) for 21 days and a 14-day recovery acclimation . (news-oceanacidification-icc.org)
  • In this work we studied the response of Crassostrea gigas to Prorocentrum lima in two juvenile sizes (3-5 mm). (cibnor.mx)
  • ABSTRACT: An ultrastructural study was carried out on Mikrocytos mackini , the cause of Denman Island disease in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas in western Canada. (int-res.com)
  • Regarding marine toxicity, reliable long-term toxicity data are also available for the effect of V2O5 on the development of eggs from two organisms (mollusc Crassostrea gigas and echinoderm Paracentrotus lividus). (europa.eu)
  • The NOEC values range from 25 to 50 µg V/L with the lowest value of 25 µg V/L observed for the 48-h development test of Crassostrea gigas eggs. (europa.eu)
  • 1390. تجمع فلزات سنگین Ni، Va، Cu و Pb در رسوب و دوکفه ای Crassostrea gigasدر بندر امام خمینی. (ac.ir)
  • Identification and characterisation of an ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant (OsHV-1 micro-var) in Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oysters) in Australia. (cdc.gov)
  • A chacune de ces période, on a pu constater des changements d'espèces : Ostrea edulis fut remplacée par Crassostrea angulata, de même celle-ci fut remplacée par Crassostrea gigas dans les années 1970. (embrapa.br)
  • L'étude de la bibliographie montre que les techniques utilisées pour distinguer des espèces Crassostrea angulata et Crassostrea gigas sont insuffisantes. (embrapa.br)
  • La recherche de marqueurs moléculaires réalisée sur Crassostrea angulata et Crassostrea gigas, par amplification par PCR. (embrapa.br)
  • Who Killed Crassostrea Virginica? (chesapeakenetwork.org)
  • Inside the thick, knobby shell of the eastern oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) is a velvety creature that is constantly filtering seawater-this is how it feeds itself. (friendsofgeorgicapond.org)
  • Here we show the responses of four calcium-binding protein genes, caltractin (cetn), calmodulin (calm), calreticulin (calr), and calnexin (canx), to CO 2 -derived OA using a Crassostrea virginica mantle cell (CvMC) culture model and a larval C. virginica model. (figshare.com)
  • Four sizes of Crassostrea virginica Gmelin larvae (mean lengths 76.8, 118.1, 139.7 and 290.2 [Lm) were exposed to ·stepwise decreases in oxygen concentration from I 00% saturation (5 .38 mill at 22°C and 22 ppt salinity) to as low as 10% saturation and their swimming rates (net vertical movement per unit time) were recorded at each oxygen concentration. (wm.edu)
  • Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in a culture cage. (noaa.gov)
  • This study quantifies the number and tissue distribution of Perkinsus marinus in Crassostrea virginica by modern stereology and immunohistochemistry. (allenpress.com)
  • Norwalk-like viruses or small round-structured viruses) have been associated with eating contaminated shellfish, particularly oysters (Crassostrea virginica) (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • Eastern oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ) are one of the most important species in Chesapeake Bay. (si.edu)
  • Crassostrea corteziensis is a native species that contributes to the Mexican Pacific oyster production and used in this study to assess seasonal simultaneous infective events between distant areas in the Gulf of California. (lajar.cl)
  • Anadara (Senilia) senilis (n=220), Crassostrea tulipa (n=260) from two 'open' lagoons (Benya and Ningo) and a 'closed' lagoon (Sakumo), and Perna perna (n=170) from rocky shores adjacent to Benya and Sakumo, were analyzed for their total and organic Hg concentrations and total body burden. (fishcomghana.com)
  • n = 5), oysters ( Crassostrea angulata, 1. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present study, oyster (Crassostrea talienwhannensis) meat was digested with three proteases including papain, neutrase and alcalase respectively and the derived hydrolysates were fractionated using a series of ultrafiltration membranes (molecular weight cut-offs of 10, 5, 3 and 1 kDa). (elsevier.com)
  • Martínez-García M, Grijalva-Chon J, Castro-Longoria R, Chávez-Villalba J, Enríquez-Espinoza T, Maeda-Martínez A, Peña-Messina E. OsHV-1 and notifiable protozoa in healthy Crassostrea corteziensis cultured in two distant areas of the Gulf of California. (lajar.cl)
  • Resistant to Multiple Antimicrobial Drugs and Determination of Fecal Contamination Levels in Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) Enterococcus spp. (scielo.br)
  • A comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome of Crassostrea angulata was conducted to reveal the relationship between gene expression and differential Cu body burden in oysters. (edu.hk)
  • The type of oysters I bought at Whole Foods for today's recipe is called Olde Salts Oysters (Crassostrea Virginicas - #1 below) from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. (justonecookbook.com)
  • n = 5), oysters ( Crassostrea angulata, n = 1), cockles ( Cerastoderma edule, n = 1), and razor clams ( Solen marginatus, n = 1 and Ensis sp. (cdc.gov)
  • A sobrevivência e o crescimento da ostra nativa Crassostrea gasar nas fases juvenil e adulta foram avaliados sob três diferentes densidades de estocagem [baixa (D), média (2D) e alta (3D)] e dois sistemas de engorda (fixo e flutuante). (bvsalud.org)
  • Ostra izendapenean Ostrea eta Crassostrea generoetako ehun espezie baino gehiago sartzen dira, formagatik, koloreagatik eta tamainagatik bereizten direnak. (consumer.es)
  • Effects of stock origin on the growth and survival of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virgin. (uncg.edu)
  • 4. Identification and characterization of microRNAs in the gonads of Crassostrea hongkongensis using high-throughput sequencing. (nih.gov)
  • Survival and growth of the native oyster Crassostrea gasar along the juvenile and adult phases were evaluated in three different stocking densities [low (D), medium (2D) and high (3D)] and in two grow-out systems (fixed and floating system). (bvsalud.org)
  • The NOEC/L(E)C10 values range from 206 µg Co/L for reproductive effects with the marine annelid, Neanthes arenaceodentata (CDI 2010j) to 2763 µg Co/L for the developmental endpoint with the oyster, Crassostrea sp (CDI 2010e). (europa.eu)