Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.
Head injuries which feature compromise of the skull and dura mater. These may result from gunshot wounds (WOUNDS, GUNSHOT), stab wounds (WOUNDS, STAB), and other forms of trauma.
A weapon designed to explode when deployed. It frequently refers to a hollow case filled with EXPLOSIVE AGENTS.
Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.
Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely BONE DISEASES (see also FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS). Skull fractures may be classified by location (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR), radiographic appearance (e.g., linear), or based upon cranial integrity (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, DEPRESSED).
A scale that assesses the outcome of serious craniocerebral injuries, based on the level of regained social functioning.
A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response.
The removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
Specialized hospital facilities which provide diagnostic and therapeutic services for trauma patients.
Multiple physical insults or injuries occurring simultaneously.
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.
A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)
Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.
A game in which two parties of players provided with curved or hooked sticks seek to drive a ball or puck through opposite goals. This applies to either ice hockey or field hockey.
Value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year.
A competitive team sport played on a rectangular field. This is the American or Canadian version of the game and also includes the form known as rugby. It does not include non-North American football (= SOCCER).
An agency of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to advancement of medical and related sciences. Major activities of this institute include the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information important to the progress of medicine and health, research in medical informatics and support for medical library development.

Non-fatal injuries sustained by seatbelt wearers: a comparative study. (1/1137)

The injuries sustained by 969 drivers and front-seat passengers in road-traffic accidents were studied. Altogether 196 (20-2%) of the drivers and passengers were wearing seat belts and 773 (79-8%) were not. The injuries among the two groups differed greatly in both severity and distribution. A total of 54 (27-6%) of the seatbelt wearers sustained one or more fractures compared with 300 (38-8%) of the non-wearers, and 18 (9-2%) of the seatbelt wearers were severely injured compared with 300 (38-8%) of the non-wearers. Soft-tissue injuries to the face were sustained by only 29 (14-8%) of the seatbelt wearers compared with 425 (55%) of the non-wearers. Since wearing seatbelts may become compulsory, the type and pattern of injuries to be expected in wearers should be appreciated.  (+info)

Evaluating cost-effectiveness of diagnostic equipment: the brain scanner case. (2/1137)

An approach to evaluating the cost-effectiveness of high-technology diagnostic equipment has been devised, using the introduction of computerised axial tomography (CAT) as a model. With the advent of CAT scanning, angiography and air encephalography have a reduced, though important, role in investigating intracranial disease, and the efficient use of conventional equipment requires the centralisation of neuroradiological services, which would result in major cash savings. In contrast, the pattern of demand for CAT scanning, in addition to the acknowledged clinical efficiency of the scanner and its unique role in the head-injured patient, ephasies the need for improved access to scanners. In the interest of the patients the pattern of service must change.  (+info)

Post-traumatic epilepsy: its complications and impact on occupational rehabilitation--an epidemiological study from India. (3/1137)

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of seizure disorder, neuropsychiatric disorders and reproductive outcome of employees with post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) and their effect on occupational rehabilitation. A case-comparison group study design was used to compare 30 subjects with PTE with (1) 129 non-PTE and (2) 55 non-PTE matched control employees. The 55 non-PTE matched controls were selected from the 129 non-PTE employees on the basis of age, age at onset of seizure, age at marriage and length of employment. The PTE group had a lower fertility rate than the controls and more neuropsychiatric disorders and seizure disability. PTE employees were more occupationally rehabilitated than non-PTE employees (p = 0.033). Of the 30 PTE subjects, thirteen who were rehabilitated by placement had more seizure disability (p = 0.007) and a higher fertility rate (p = 0.018). High prevalence of seizure disability and increased fertility rate among the placed PTE employees suggested that there might be some association between severity of seizures and increased production of live offspring and work placement. Work suitability or placement should not be judged on clinical assessment only but psychosocial seizure assessment, disability evaluation and other psychometric tests which are of equal importance.  (+info)

Cognitive recovery after severe head injury. 3. WAIS verbal and performance IQs as a function of post-traumatic amnesia duration and time from injury. (4/1137)

Two studies are reported are reported in which severely head-injured patients were followed up and Verbal (VIQ) and Performance (PIQ) IQs obtained on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale at four intervals after injury. In the first study 51 patients were systematically followed, and results were based upon serial testing. In the second study results were based on the earliest data available from an additional 98 patients who had not been followed so systematically, in order to introduce a control for the effects of practice. Patients in both studies were categorised into four groups of the severity of head injury based upon duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). In both studies, VIQ level was found to be related to PTA duration at three months after injury, while PIQ was related to PTA duration at both three and six months. No such relationships were found at 12 and 30 months after injury. Results are discussed in the context of previous studies relating the outcome of head injury to the duration of PTA.  (+info)

Post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy--two case reports. (5/1137)

A 60-year-old female and a 66-year-old male presented with post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy associated with clinically asymptomatic pituitary macroadenoma manifesting as severe visual disturbance that had not developed immediately after the head injury. Skull radiography showed a unilateral linear occipital fracture. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed pituitary tumor with dumbbell-shaped suprasellar extension and fresh intratumoral hemorrhage. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed in the first patient, and the visual disturbance subsided. Decompressive craniectomy was performed in the second patient to treat brain contusion and part of the tumor was removed to decompress the optic nerves. The mechanism of post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy may occur as follows. The intrasellar part of the tumor is fixed by the bony structure forming the sella, and the suprasellar part is free to move, so a rotational force acting on the occipital region on one side will create a shearing strain between the intra- and suprasellar part of the tumor, resulting in pituitary apoplexy. Recovery of visual function, no matter how severely impaired, can be expected if an emergency operation is performed to decompress the optic nerves. Transsphenoidal surgery is the most advantageous procedure, as even partial removal of the tumor may be adequate to decompress the optic nerves in the acute stage. Staged transsphenoidal surgery is indicated to achieve total removal later.  (+info)

Aphasic disorder in patients with closed head injury. (6/1137)

Quantitative assessment of 50 patients with closed head injury disclosed that anomic errors and word finding difficulty were prominent sequelae as nearly half of the series had defective scores on tests of naming and/or word association. Aphasic disturbance was associated with severity of brain injury as reflected by prolonged coma and injury of the brain stem.  (+info)

An audit of distribution and use of guidelines for management of head injury. (7/1137)

Ensuring effective distribution of guidelines is an important step towards their implementation. To examine the effectiveness of dissemination of a guidelines card on management of head injury and determine its usefulness to senior house officers (SHOs), a questionnaire survey was performed in May 1990, after distribution of the cards in induction packs for new doctors and at postgraduate lectures and displaying the guidelines in accident and emergency departments and wards. A further survey, in March 1992, assessed the impact of modifying the distribution. All (175) SHOs working in general surgery, accident and emergency medicine, orthopaedics, and neurosciences on 1 February 1990 in 19 hospitals including two neurosurgical units in Northern region were sent self completion questionnaires about awareness, receipt, use, and perceived usefulness of the guidelines. 131 of 163(80%) SHOs in post responded (median response from hospitals 83% (range 50%-100%)). Over three quarters (103, 79%) of SHOs were aware of the guidelines and 82(63%) had ever possessed a guidelines card. Only 36(44%) acquired the card in the induction pack. 92%(98/107) found them useful and 81% (89/110) referred to them to some extent. Owning and carrying the card and referring to guidelines were associated with departmental encouragement to use the guidelines. Increasing the displays of guidelines in wards and departments and the supply of cards to consultants in accident and emergency medicine as a result of this survey did not increase the number of SHOs who received cards (52/83, 63%), but more (71/83, 86%) were aware of the guidelines. The guidelines were welcomed by SHOs and used in treating patients with head injury, but their distribution requires improvement. Increased use of the guidelines may be achieved by introducing other distribution methods and as a result of encouragement by senior staff.  (+info)

Effect of guidelines on management of head injury on record keeping and decision making in accident and emergency departments. (8/1137)

OBJECTIVE: To compare record keeping and decision making in accident and emergency departments before and after distribution of guidelines on head injury management as indices of implementation. DESIGN: Before (1987) and after (1990) study of accident and emergency medical records. SETTING: Two accident and emergency departments in England. PATIENTS: 1144 adult patients with head injury in department 1 (533 in 1987, 613 in 1990) and 734 in department 2 (370, 364 respectively). MAIN MEASURES: Recording of relevant symptoms and signs as determined in the guidelines; presence of, indications for, and rates and appropriateness of skull x ray examination and admission. RESULTS: The median number of guidelines variables recorded for all study periods ranged from 7 to 9 out of a possible maximum of 27. For key decision making variables the presence or absence of penetrating injury was least likely to be recorded (< or = 1%) and that of loss of consciousness most likely (> or = 75%). Altogether, the proportion of patients receiving skull x ray examination or admitted varied from 25%-60% and 7%-23% respectively; overall, 69% (1280/1856) and 64% (1177/1851) of patients were managed appropriately. However, no consistent change occurred in the departments between the study periods. For instance, in department 1 the proportion of appropriate x ray examinations rose significantly after distribution of the guidelines (from 61% (202/330) to 73% (305/417)) and appropriate decisions on whether to x ray or not also rose (from 65% (340/522) to 72% (435/608)). There was no significant change in department 2, although the proportion of appropriate admissions fell (from 33% (55/166) to 15% (19/130)). CONCLUSIONS: Recording practice and decision making were variable and had not consistently improved after dissemination of the guidelines. Strategies are required to ensure effective implementation of guidelines.  (+info)

Craniocerebral trauma, also known as traumatic brain injury (TBI), is a type of injury that occurs to the head and brain. It can result from a variety of causes, including motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, violence, or other types of trauma. Craniocerebral trauma can range in severity from mild concussions to severe injuries that cause permanent disability or death.

The injury typically occurs when there is a sudden impact to the head, causing the brain to move within the skull and collide with the inside of the skull. This can result in bruising, bleeding, swelling, or tearing of brain tissue, as well as damage to blood vessels and nerves. In severe cases, the skull may be fractured or penetrated, leading to direct injury to the brain.

Symptoms of craniocerebral trauma can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the injury. They may include headache, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, changes in vision or hearing, weakness or numbness in the limbs, balance problems, and behavioral or emotional changes. In severe cases, the person may lose consciousness or fall into a coma.

Treatment for craniocerebral trauma depends on the severity of the injury. Mild injuries may be treated with rest, pain medication, and close monitoring, while more severe injuries may require surgery, intensive care, and rehabilitation. Prevention is key to reducing the incidence of craniocerebral trauma, including measures such as wearing seat belts and helmets, preventing falls, and avoiding violent situations.

Penetrating head injuries are a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue. This can result in damage to specific areas of the brain, depending on the location and trajectory of the penetrating object. Penetrating head injuries can be caused by various objects, such as bullets, knives, or sharp debris from accidents. They are often severe and require immediate medical attention, as they can lead to significant neurological deficits, disability, or even death.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "bombs." The term is most commonly used in non-medical contexts to refer to explosive devices or, metaphorically, to something that has a sudden and major impact. If you are looking for information about a specific medical concept or condition, please provide more context or try rephrasing your question. I'm here to help!

Gunshot wounds are defined as traumatic injuries caused by the penetration of bullets or other projectiles fired from firearms into the body. The severity and extent of damage depend on various factors such as the type of firearm used, the distance between the muzzle and the victim, the size and shape of the bullet, and its velocity.

Gunshot wounds can be classified into two main categories:

1. Penetrating gunshot wounds: These occur when a bullet enters the body but does not exit, causing damage to the organs, tissues, and blood vessels along its path.

2. Perforating gunshot wounds: These happen when a bullet enters and exits the body, creating an entry and exit wound, causing damage to the structures it traverses.

Based on the mechanism of injury, gunshot wounds can also be categorized into low-velocity (less than 1000 feet per second) and high-velocity (greater than 1000 feet per second) injuries. High-velocity gunshot wounds are more likely to cause extensive tissue damage due to the transfer of kinetic energy from the bullet to the surrounding tissues.

Immediate medical attention is required for individuals with gunshot wounds, as they may experience significant blood loss, infection, and potential long-term complications such as organ dysfunction or disability. Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to control bleeding, remove foreign material, repair damaged structures, and manage infections if present.

"Foreign bodies" refer to any object or substance that is not normally present in a particular location within the body. These can range from relatively harmless items such as splinters or pieces of food in the skin or gastrointestinal tract, to more serious objects like bullets or sharp instruments that can cause significant damage and infection.

Foreign bodies can enter the body through various routes, including ingestion, inhalation, injection, or penetrating trauma. The location of the foreign body will determine the potential for harm and the necessary treatment. Some foreign bodies may pass through the body without causing harm, while others may require medical intervention such as removal or surgical extraction.

It is important to seek medical attention if a foreign body is suspected, as untreated foreign bodies can lead to complications such as infection, inflammation, and tissue damage.

A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the bones that form the skull. It can occur from a direct blow to the head, penetrating injuries like gunshot wounds, or from strong rotational forces during an accident. There are several types of skull fractures, including:

1. Linear Skull Fracture: This is the most common type, where there's a simple break in the bone without any splintering, depression, or displacement. It often doesn't require treatment unless it's near a sensitive area like an eye or ear.

2. Depressed Skull Fracture: In this type, a piece of the skull is pushed inward toward the brain. Surgery may be needed to relieve pressure on the brain and repair the fracture.

3. Diastatic Skull Fracture: This occurs along the suture lines (the fibrous joints between the skull bones) that haven't fused yet, often seen in infants and young children.

4. Basilar Skull Fracture: This involves fractures at the base of the skull. It can be serious due to potential injury to the cranial nerves and blood vessels located in this area.

5. Comminuted Skull Fracture: In this severe type, the bone is shattered into many pieces. These fractures usually require extensive surgical repair.

Symptoms of a skull fracture can include pain, swelling, bruising, bleeding (if there's an open wound), and in some cases, clear fluid draining from the ears or nose (cerebrospinal fluid leak). Severe fractures may cause brain injury, leading to symptoms like confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, or neurological deficits. Immediate medical attention is necessary for any suspected skull fracture.

The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is a widely used clinical measurement for assessing the outcome and recovery of patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or other neurological disorders. It was first introduced in 1975 by Graham Jennett and colleagues at the University of Glasgow.

The GOS classifies the overall functional ability and independence of a patient into one of the following five hierarchical categories:

1. **Death:** The patient has died due to the injury or its complications.
2. **Vegetative State (VS):** The patient is unaware of their surroundings, shows no meaningful response to stimuli, and has minimal or absent brainstem reflexes. They may have sleep-wake cycles but lack higher cognitive functions.
3. **Severe Disability (SD):** The patient demonstrates considerable disability in their daily life, requiring assistance with personal care and activities. They might have cognitive impairments, communication difficulties, or physical disabilities that limit their independence.
4. **Moderate Disability (MD):** The patient has some disability but can live independently, manage their own affairs, and return to work in a sheltered environment. They may exhibit minor neurological or psychological deficits.
5. **Good Recovery (GR):** The patient has resumed normal life with minimal or no residual neurological or psychological deficits. They might have some minor problems with memory, concentration, or organizational skills but can perform their daily activities without assistance.

The Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) is an updated and more detailed version of the GOS, which further breaks down the original five categories into eight subcategories for a more nuanced assessment of patient outcomes.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a standardized tool used by healthcare professionals to assess the level of consciousness and neurological response in a person who has suffered a brain injury or illness. It evaluates three aspects of a patient's responsiveness: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. The scores from these three categories are then added together to provide an overall GCS score, which can range from 3 (indicating deep unconsciousness) to 15 (indicating a normal level of consciousness). This scale helps medical professionals to quickly and consistently communicate the severity of a patient's condition and monitor their progress over time.

Debridement is a medical procedure that involves the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing process or prevent further infection. This can be done through various methods such as surgical debridement (removal of tissue using scalpel or scissors), mechanical debridement (use of wound irrigation or high-pressure water jet), autolytic debridement (using the body's own enzymes to break down and reabsorb dead tissue), and enzymatic debridement (application of topical enzymes to dissolve necrotic tissue). The goal of debridement is to promote healthy tissue growth, reduce the risk of infection, and improve overall wound healing.

A brain injury is defined as damage to the brain that occurs following an external force or trauma, such as a blow to the head, a fall, or a motor vehicle accident. Brain injuries can also result from internal conditions, such as lack of oxygen or a stroke. There are two main types of brain injuries: traumatic and acquired.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an external force that results in the brain moving within the skull or the skull being fractured. Mild TBIs may result in temporary symptoms such as headaches, confusion, and memory loss, while severe TBIs can cause long-term complications, including physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is any injury to the brain that occurs after birth and is not hereditary, congenital, or degenerative. ABIs are often caused by medical conditions such as strokes, tumors, anoxia (lack of oxygen), or infections.

Both TBIs and ABIs can range from mild to severe and may result in a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that can impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and function independently. Treatment for brain injuries typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical management, rehabilitation, and supportive care.

The skull is the bony structure that encloses and protects the brain, the eyes, and the ears. It is composed of two main parts: the cranium, which contains the brain, and the facial bones. The cranium is made up of several fused flat bones, while the facial bones include the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), cheekbones, nose bones, and eye sockets (orbits).

The skull also provides attachment points for various muscles that control chewing, moving the head, and facial expressions. Additionally, it contains openings for blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord to pass through. The skull's primary function is to protect the delicate and vital structures within it from injury and trauma.

A Trauma Center is a hospital that has specialized resources and capabilities to provide comprehensive care for severely injured patients. It is a designated facility that has met strict criteria established by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and/or state or regional trauma systems. These criteria include having a dedicated trauma team, available 24/7, with specially trained healthcare professionals who can promptly assess, resuscitate, operate, and provide critical care to patients suffering from traumatic injuries.

Trauma centers are categorized into levels (I-V), based on the resources and capabilities they offer. Level I trauma centers have the highest level of resources and are capable of providing comprehensive care for all types of traumatic injuries, including conducting research and offering education in trauma care. In contrast, lower-level trauma centers may not have the same extent of resources but still provide essential trauma care services to their communities.

The primary goal of a trauma center is to ensure that severely injured patients receive prompt, high-quality care to minimize the risk of complications, reduce long-term disability, and improve overall outcomes.

Multiple trauma, also known as polytrauma, is a medical term used to describe severe injuries to the body that are sustained in more than one place or region. It often involves damage to multiple organ systems and can be caused by various incidents such as traffic accidents, falls from significant heights, high-energy collisions, or violent acts.

The injuries sustained in multiple trauma may include fractures, head injuries, internal bleeding, chest and abdominal injuries, and soft tissue injuries. These injuries can lead to a complex medical situation requiring immediate and ongoing care from a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including emergency physicians, trauma surgeons, critical care specialists, nurses, rehabilitation therapists, and mental health providers.

Multiple trauma is a serious condition that can result in long-term disability or even death if not treated promptly and effectively.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

A brain concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is typically caused by a blow to the head or a violent shaking of the head and body. A concussion can also occur from a fall or accident that causes the head to suddenly jerk forward or backward.

The impact or forceful movement causes the brain to move back and forth inside the skull, which can result in stretching and damaging of brain cells, as well as disrupting the normal functioning of the brain. Concussions can range from mild to severe and may cause a variety of symptoms, including:

* Headache or a feeling of pressure in the head
* Temporary loss of consciousness
* Confusion or fogginess
* Amnesia surrounding the traumatic event
* Dizziness or "seeing stars"
* Ringing in the ears
* Nausea or vomiting
* Slurred speech
* Fatigue

In some cases, concussions may also cause more serious symptoms, such as seizures, difficulty walking, loss of balance, and changes in behavior or mood. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect that you or someone else has a brain concussion. A healthcare professional can evaluate the severity of the injury and provide appropriate treatment and follow-up care.

Athletic injuries are damages or injuries to the body that occur while participating in sports, physical activities, or exercise. These injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Trauma: Direct blows, falls, collisions, or crushing injuries can cause fractures, dislocations, contusions, lacerations, or concussions.
2. Overuse: Repetitive motions or stress on a particular body part can lead to injuries such as tendonitis, stress fractures, or muscle strains.
3. Poor technique: Using incorrect form or technique during exercise or sports can put additional stress on muscles, joints, and ligaments, leading to injury.
4. Inadequate warm-up or cool-down: Failing to properly prepare the body for physical activity or neglecting to cool down afterwards can increase the risk of injury.
5. Lack of fitness or flexibility: Insufficient strength, endurance, or flexibility can make individuals more susceptible to injuries during sports and exercise.
6. Environmental factors: Extreme weather conditions, poor field or court surfaces, or inadequate equipment can contribute to the risk of athletic injuries.

Common athletic injuries include ankle sprains, knee injuries, shoulder dislocations, tennis elbow, shin splints, and concussions. Proper training, warm-up and cool-down routines, use of appropriate protective gear, and attention to technique can help prevent many athletic injuries.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hockey" is not a medical term. It is a popular sport generally played on an ice surface or a field, depending on the variant. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Gross Domestic Product" (GDP) is an economic term, not a medical one. GDP is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. It serves as a comprehensive measure of a nation’s overall economic activity.

If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "football" is a popular sport and not a medical term. The term "football" refers to a group of sports that involve kicking a ball with the foot to score goals. The most popular types of football are soccer, American football, Canadian football, Australian rules football, and rugby football.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I would be happy to help!

Bouzarth WF (January 1968). "Neurosurgical watch sheet for craniocerebral trauma". The Journal of Trauma. 8 (1): 29-31. doi: ... Also, doctors recognised that after head trauma, many patients had poor recovery. This led to a concern that patients were not ... Second, the GCS was included in the first version of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), which expanded the number of centres ... AVPU scale Blantyre coma scale Early warning score Revised Trauma Score Triage Teasdale G, Jennett B (July 1974). "Assessment ...
Belcastro ultimately died of blunt craniocerebral trauma. At some point during the crimes, Larosa entered Belcastro's basement ...
Detlav IE (1976). "[Anti-brain antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid following cranio-cerebral trauma]". Zhurnal ...
Dykan was diagnosed with multiple facial bones fractures, craniocerebral trauma and brain concussion. He went on to miss the ...
JonBenét Ramsey, 6, American child beauty queen, asphyxia by strangulation and craniocerebral trauma. Morris Schapiro, 83, ...
The official cause of death was "asphyxia by strangulation associated with craniocerebral trauma." There was no evidence of ... "asphyxia by strangulation associated with craniocerebral trauma". Her death was ruled a homicide. The case generated worldwide ...
Pešić had to have his kidney removed, and Šešum suffered severe craniocerebral trauma from the kick to the head. The murder was ...
Hiquet, Jean; Gromb-Monnoyeur, Sophie (July 2016). "Severe craniocerebral trauma with sequelae caused by Flash-Ball® shot, a ... Numerous eye losses, comas, and brain traumas as well as major bone breakages and two deaths due to cardiac arrest have been ...
Other sources provided different diagnosis - 'closed craniocerebral trauma, concussion of the brain, closed chest trauma, ... slaughter of the chest, slaughter of the lumbar spine, blunt abdominal trauma'. On February 9, 2015, the fights for the village ...
... third-degree open craniocerebral trauma, hematomas, rib fractures, and pulmonary contusion. He succumbed to his injuries. ...
... with a serious craniocerebral trauma and fracture of the back; he was taken to the intensive care unit of the 1469th Naval ...
... closed cranio-cerebral trauma, cerebral contusion, and closed chest trauma, contusion of the heart and lungs and contusion of ...
An emergency doctor gave the cause of death as "open, cranio-cerebral trauma following traffic accident,": 182 injuries that he ...
... "supportive treatment of sequelae of craniocerebral trauma" in various European countries, including Austria, Germany, France, ...
... on ECT have evolved from an early suggestion that the biochemical basis of ECT is similar to that of craniocerebral trauma ...
... craniocerebral trauma MeSH C21.866.915.300.200 - brain injuries MeSH C21.866.915.300.200.150 - brain concussion MeSH C21.866. ... cumulative trauma disorders MeSH C21.866.844.150.206 - carpal tunnel syndrome MeSH C21.866.844.150.957 - ulnar nerve ... cerebrovascular trauma MeSH C21.866.915.200.200 - carotid artery injuries MeSH C21.866.915.200.200.500 - carotid artery, ...
It is caused by damage to the pons or upper medulla caused by strokes or trauma. Specifically, concurrent removal of input from ... It causes craniocerebral injury. Apneustic center About brain injury and functions (Articles needing additional medical ...
CT in Head Trauma" Head Trauma at Emedicine.com Skull Fractures at MedPix (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, Articles ... also known as a craniocerebral erosion or leptomeningeal cyst due to the usual development of a cystic mass filled with ... Due to the trauma, diastatic fracture occurs with the collapse of the surrounding head bones. It crushes the delicate tissue, ... It can also be caused by the skull rotating while being struck in a case of blunt force trauma, the skull rotating while ...
J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Sep;31 Suppl 4:S24-S32. Aarabi B, Sansur CA, Ibrahimi DM et al. Intramedullary Lesion Length on ... An Introduction to the Treatment of Craniocerebral Battle Wounds (1987) Beyond Coma: Brain Death (1993) Missile Injuries of the ... He is a professor of neurosurgery at University of Maryland and the Director of Neurotrauma at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma ... where he was appointed as the Director of Neurotrauma at R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center. In the beginning of his career, ...
Kopshev SN (1982). "[Craniocerebral hypothermia in the prevention and combined therapy of cerebral pathology in infants with ... Hypothermia reduces vasogenic oedema, haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration after trauma. The release of excitatory ...
Text; Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Publication details: Geneva : World Health Organization, 2006Title translated: Casques : manuel de sécurité routière à l intention des décideurs et des praticiens.; Cascos : manual de seguridad vial para decisores y profesionales..Online access: Click here to access online , Click here to access online , Click here to access online , Click here to access online , Click here to access online , Click here to access online Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ (3)Call number: WL 354 2006HE, ... Items available for reference: WHO HQ: Not For Loan (1)Call number: WL 354 2006HE IND. ...
Craniocerebral trauma. by Ilya Vulkov et al.c. 2016. *Peter Zhelev. Contributed by Vassil Kateliev ...
Successful treatment of severe penetrating cranio-cerebral trauma, associated with brain compression Authors. * Andriy Sirko Dn ... severe penetrating cranio-cerebral trauma, nasal liquorrhea, skull base fracture, decompressive craniectomy, intracranial ... Introduction. Surgical treatment of severe penetrating cranio-cerebral trauma (SCCT) is a complex problem. Basal liquorrhea (BL ... Sirko, A., & Pilipenko, G. (2012). Successful treatment of severe penetrating cranio-cerebral trauma, associated with brain ...
Blunt Craniocerebral Trauma. RECOMMENDATIONS/DISCUSSION:. RECOMMENDATION #1. Employers should ensure that runways utilized four ... The victim was received by an emergency trauma center and was undergoing a CAT scan when he went into respiratory arrest. He ... requested that the victim be air transported to the local trauma center. ...
Craniocerebral Trauma / epidemiology * Craniocerebral Trauma / prevention & control * Eye Injuries / epidemiology * Eye ...
Bouzarth WF (January 1968). "Neurosurgical watch sheet for craniocerebral trauma". The Journal of Trauma. 8 (1): 29-31. doi: ... Also, doctors recognised that after head trauma, many patients had poor recovery. This led to a concern that patients were not ... Second, the GCS was included in the first version of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), which expanded the number of centres ... AVPU scale Blantyre coma scale Early warning score Revised Trauma Score Triage Teasdale G, Jennett B (July 1974). "Assessment ...
ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniocerebral Trauma (National Institutes of Health) Journal Articles References and abstracts from ...
ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniocerebral Trauma (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Head Injuries (National ... Head Trauma, First Aid (VisualDX) * Head Trauma: First Aid (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish ...
Craniocerebral Trauma:complications, Humans, Meningitis, Bacte. Citation : Craniocerebral trauma is one of major risk factors ... Bacterial meningitis after craniocerebral trauma in the community.. Holeckova K, Kolenova A, Lesnakova A, Steno J, Streharova A ... Bacterial meningitis after craniocerebral trauma in the community. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007 Nov; 28(Suppl 3): 12-13 ...
Intractable epilepsy and craniocerebral trauma: analysis of 163 patients with blunt and penetrating head injuries sustained in ... Penetrating craniocerebral trauma. Surg Clin North Am. 1991 Apr. 71(2):305-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Analysis of the trauma literature has shown that 50% of all trauma deaths are secondary to TBI, and gunshot wounds to the head ... Advanced Trauma Life Support Guidelines. Advanced Trauma Life Support Course. American College of Surgeons. 1999. ...
Craniocerebral Trauma:complications, Humans, Meningitis, Bacte. Citation : Craniocerebral trauma is one of major risk factors ... Bacterial meningitis after craniocerebral trauma in the community.. Holeckova K, Kolenova A, Lesnakova A, Steno J, Streharova A ... Pneumococcal meningitis in community is frequent after craniocerebral trauma and in alcohol abusers.. Benca J, Lesnakova A, ... Craniocerebral Trauma:complications, Humans, Macrolides:therapeutic use, Meningitis:complications, Meningitis, Pneumococcal: ...
Craniocerebral Trauma / physiopathology* * Glasgow Coma Scale * Humans * Intracranial Pressure / physiology* * Monitoring, ...
The death certificate listed the cause of death as craniocerebral trauma. No alcohol or illicit drugs were detected upon ...
Clauberg, Ralf; Hattingen, Elke: Schädel-Hirn-Trauma Craniocerebral Injuries * Full Text * HTML ... Freund, M.: Chronisches spinales Trauma (CME-Fragebogen) Chronic Spinal Trauma (CME-Questionaire) * Full Text ... Freund, M.: Chronisches spinales Trauma (Antwortbogen) Chronic Spinal Trauma (CME-Reply Form) * Full Text ...
Craniocerebral Trauma [C10.900.300]. *Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic [C10.900.300.837]. *Hematoma, Subdural [C10.900. ... Abusive head trauma: evidence, obfuscation, and informed management. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 11 01; 24(5):481-488. ... Teaching NeuroImages: Spinal subdural hematoma in pediatric nonaccidental trauma. Neurology. 2019 07 30; 93(5):e522-e523. ...
... of autologous blood and endolymphatic antibiotic therapy in treating pneumonia in patients with craniocerebral trauma.Apr 30, ...
Craniocerebral trauma. *Spinal cord diseases. *Disk prolapse. *Polyneuropathy and polyradiculitis. *Muscular disorders ...
Categories: Craniocerebral Trauma Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
keywords = "brain concussion, craniocerebral trauma, headache, post-concussion syndrome, post-traumatic headache", ...
Craniocerebral Trauma. Trauma, Nervous System. Wounds and Injuries. Brain Injuries, Traumatic. Head Injuries, Closed. Wounds, ...
208000008208 Craniocerebral Trauma Diseases 0.000 description 1 * 208000003407 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Diseases 0.000 ... head trauma, and substance abuse). Parkinsons or Huntingtons disease are preferred in some embodiments. AD is particularly ...
Closed craniocerebral trauma; Clotting; Coagulation; Dyspraxia and dysgraphia; Schizophrenia; Stroke ischemia and symptoms; ... Closed craniocerebral trauma; Clotting; Coagulation; Dyspraxia and dysgraphia; Schizophrenia; Stroke ischemia and symptoms; ... RecoveryTrauma RecoveryTuberculosisUlcerUlcerative ColitisUlcerative proctitusUrinary Tract Infection (UTI)Urticarial vaculitis ... RecoveryTrauma RecoveryTuberculosisUlcerUlcerative ColitisUlcerative proctitusUrinary Tract Infection (UTI)Urticarial vaculitis ...
... as the result of CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY is commonly associated. Clinical manifestations may include ...
He was transported to the hospital and died 12 hours later from blunt craniocerebral trauma. Recommendations included ensuring ...
... for arousing consciousness of comatose patients with severe craniocerebral trauma] Peng F, Chen ZQ, Luo JK. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. ... Clinical observation on electroacupuncture for arousing consciousness of comatose patients with severe trauma brain injury]. ...
Method of restoring motor and cognitive activity in children at early stage of rehabilitation of severe craniocerebral trauma ...
Borodaenko, aged 21, from Nachodka died from craniocerebral trauma in a. hospital after suffering a head-fracture during the ...
Most often this type of pain is observed in patients who have ever suffered craniocerebral trauma, as well as after birth ... Carefully selected and calculated loads help to cope with the pain syndrome caused by trauma or overexertion; ... Neurologists often prescribe a massage for headaches after trauma, chronic migraines, etc.; ...
... "craniocerebral trauma"? Has he changed his story?. You could just as easily have included Linda Andres story in your "in ... Electrical trauma can extend years out to include ALS and CTE. There is a great betrayal of patient trust. We are betrayed with ... Electrical trauma impacts all bodily systems, so there are other issues in addition to the baseline of TBI. This has now been ... This is trauma pure and simple, not help. Creating temporary euphoria and memory loss for difficulties that led to admission ...
  • The most common wound is a knife injury, although bizarre craniocerebral-perforating injuries have been reported that were caused by nails, metal poles, ice picks, keys, pencils, chopsticks, and power drills. (medscape.com)
  • This intentionally inflicted injury causes trauma to the head and neck region, including cranial, cerebral, and spinal injuries. (bartleby.com)
  • Mortality following penetrating craniocerebral injuries. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A population of 1127 men with penetrating craniocerebral injuries who were alive 1 week after their injuries has been followed for 15 years. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Mortality following penetrating craniocerebral injuries. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Analysis of the trauma literature has shown that 50% of all trauma deaths are secondary to TBI, and gunshot wounds to the head caused 35% of these. (medscape.com)
  • Siccardi et al prospectively studied a series of 314 patients with craniocerebral missile wounds and found that 73% of the victims died at the scene, 12% died within 3 hours of injury, and 7% died later, yielding a total mortality of 92% in this series. (medscape.com)
  • The Kozijavkin Method (Intensive Neurophysiological Rehabilitation System, INRS) is a highly effective treatment for patients with Cerebral Palsy, low back pain and consequences of trauma and organic lesions of the nervous system. (ukrainianweb.com)
  • Bacterial meningitis after craniocerebral trauma in the community. (nel.edu)
  • Craniocerebral trauma is one of major risk factors for development of meningitis. (nel.edu)
  • Pneumococcal meningitis in community is frequent after craniocerebral trauma and in alcohol abusers. (nel.edu)
  • Surgical treatment of severe penetrating cranio-cerebral trauma (SCCT) is a complex problem. (theunj.org)
  • Clinical observation on electroacupuncture for arousing consciousness of comatose patients with severe trauma brain injury]. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • To develop French guidelines on the management of patients with severe abdominal trauma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. (lu.se)
  • Non-accidental trauma (NAT) is a leading cause of childhood traumatic injury and death in the United States. (bartleby.com)
  • Most of the deaths occurred early in the 1st year after trauma and were secondary to the direct effects of brain injury or the sequelae of coma. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hence, early clearance of cervical spine in acutely injured blunt trauma patients by plain x-rays alone is not always possible ( 4 ). (ispub.com)
  • Also, doctors recognised that after head trauma, many patients had poor recovery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abusive head trauma: evidence, obfuscation, and informed management. (harvard.edu)
  • It is estimated that 1,400 children died from maltreatment in the United States in 2002, and abusive head trauma (AHT) accounted for 80% of these deaths (Paul & Adamo, 2014). (bartleby.com)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, abusive head trauma (AHT) is most common in children under age 5, with children under one year of age at most risk. (bartleby.com)
  • Pediatric abusive head trauma, also known as shaken baby syndrome, is a devastating form of abuse. (bartleby.com)
  • Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied 112 patients admitted to our hospital with blunt head trauma from whatever cause. (ispub.com)
  • All patients with blunt head trauma reffered for CT scan of the cranium had a routine CT scan of C1 and C2 Vertebra. (ispub.com)
  • A total of 112 consecutive patients with blunt head trauma in whom plain cervical spine radiographs and routine CT scan of C1 and C2 performed were included in this study. (ispub.com)
  • The inclusion criteria are patients of all ages admitted for blunt head trauma requiring CT scan of the cranium, in whom CT of C1 and C2 was performed. (ispub.com)
  • Craniocerebral trauma, as a result of a road traffic accident, had preceded the onset of clinical signs by six weeks. (avmi.net)
  • He was transported to the hospital and died 12 hours later from blunt craniocerebral trauma. (cdc.gov)
  • PRIGATANO, G.P. Recovery and Cognitive Retraining after Craniocerebral Trauma. (bvsalud.org)
  • 5. [Early prognostic assessment using evoked potentials in severe craniocerebral trauma]. (nih.gov)
  • The nature of Schumacher's condition after the severe craniocerebral trauma he sustained after his accident remains shrouded in mystery, with no details about whether he is conscious or able to walk. (express.co.uk)
  • Maxillofacial fractures and craniocerebral injuries are common in patients with head trauma. (nih.gov)
  • The association between frontal and maxillary bone fractures and concurrent craniocerebral injuries were investigated in patients presenting with head trauma in this study. (nih.gov)
  • Concomitant craniocerebral injuries were investigated. (nih.gov)
  • Craniocerebral injuries were grouped as pneumocephalus, extra-axial, intra-axial injuries and brain edema. (nih.gov)
  • Craniocerebral injuries in frontal and maxillary fractures were compared statistically. (nih.gov)
  • The most common wound is a knife injury, although bizarre craniocerebral-perforating injuries have been reported that were caused by nails, metal poles, ice picks, keys, pencils, chopsticks, and power drills. (medscape.com)
  • Craniocerebral injuries. (nih.gov)
  • Craniocerebral injuries [S. Elizabeth Hosp. (nih.gov)
  • This intentionally inflicted injury causes trauma to the head and neck region, including cranial, cerebral, and spinal injuries. (bartleby.com)
  • The supervisor immediately summoned emergency medical assistance and the victim was transported to a hospital, where he died five days later from craniocerebral injuries due to blunt trauma. (cdc.gov)
  • Predicting Pediatric Patients Who Require Care at a Trauma Center: Analysis of Injuries and Other Factors. (wakehealth.edu)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, abusive head trauma (AHT) is most common in children under age 5, with children under one year of age at most risk. (bartleby.com)
  • Trauma centers should consider the characteristics of the population they serve compared with the published studies when determining management strategies for these patients. (henryford.com)
  • 3. [Early prognosis in severe cranio-cerebral trauma using the Glasgow Coma Score and evoked potentials]. (nih.gov)
  • Komarov was sent to the hospital, he was in a critical condition, as he got an open cranio-cerebral trauma. (org.ua)
  • Recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pediatric trauma patients: A national, multidisciplinary consensus study. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in pediatric trauma: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Pediatric Trauma Society. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the pediatric trauma patient. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Non-accidental trauma (NAT) is a leading cause of childhood traumatic injury and death in the United States. (bartleby.com)
  • 13. [Evoked potentials in the follow-up and prognosis of patients with craniocerebral trauma]. (nih.gov)
  • Injury patterns associated with hypotension in pediatric trauma patients: A national trauma database review. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Child abuse and the pediatric surgeon: A position statement from the Trauma Committee, the Board of Governors and the Membership of the American Pediatric Surgical Association. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Clinical observation on electroacupuncture for arousing consciousness of comatose patients with severe trauma brain injury]. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • They suffer from a condition called dysexecutive syndrome, which is often caused by craniocerebral trauma or a stroke. (mpg.de)
  • Craniocerebral trauma is one of major risk factors for development of meningitis. (nel.edu)
  • Bacterial meningitis after craniocerebral trauma in the community. (nel.edu)
  • Pneumococcal meningitis in community is frequent after craniocerebral trauma and in alcohol abusers. (nel.edu)