AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
Cranial IrradiationPrecursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-LymphomaBrain NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Small CellMethotrexateCombined Modality Therapy6-MercaptopurineInjections, SpinalAsparaginaseRadiation InjuriesRadiotherapyLeukemia, LymphoidWhole-Body IrradiationSmall Cell Lung CarcinomaDose-Response Relationship, RadiationRadiotherapy DosageVincristineLung NeoplasmsCentral Nervous System NeoplasmsRadiation Injuries, ExperimentalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsOrgan Sparing TreatmentsIntelligenceRemission InductionEtoposideMeningeal NeoplasmsCytarabineUltraviolet RaysDose FractionationIntelligence TestsDaunorubicinSurvivorsBrainCognition DisordersCerebellar NeoplasmsGamma RaysPrednisoneCyclophosphamideSurvival AnalysisLearning DisordersFood IrradiationMedulloblastomaCisplatinAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticFollow-Up StudiesDisease-Free SurvivalTreatment OutcomeTime FactorsSurvival RateRadiotherapy, AdjuvantLeukemiaDrug Administration ScheduleRetrospective StudiesNeuropsychological TestsRecurrenceBody HeightBone Marrow TransplantationRadiation-Protective AgentsRadiation DosageLymphatic IrradiationPrognosisX-RaysRadiation EffectsCognitionAge FactorsDoxorubicinAntineoplastic AgentsLeukocyte CountHippocampusRadiation ToleranceRegression AnalysisNeoplasm StagingRisk FactorsHeavy IonsMice, Inbred C57BLDexamethasoneCobalt RadioisotopesRiskTomography, X-Ray ComputedProspective StudiesRadiationMicrowavesSex Factors
Cranial Irradiation
The exposure of the head to roentgen rays or other forms of radioactivity for therapeutic or preventive purposes.
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)
Methotrexate
An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.
Combined Modality Therapy
The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.
6-Mercaptopurine
An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.
Injections, Spinal
Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.
Asparaginase
A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1.
Radiation Injuries
Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES.
Radiotherapy
The use of IONIZING RADIATION to treat malignant NEOPLASMS and some benign conditions.
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.
Whole-Body Irradiation
Irradiation of the whole body with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. It is applicable to humans or animals but not to microorganisms.
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation.
Radiotherapy Dosage
The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy.
Vincristine
An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.
Radiation Injuries, Experimental
Experimentally produced harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing RADIATION in CHORDATA animals.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
Organ Sparing Treatments
Techniques, procedures, and therapies carried out on diseased organs in such a way to avoid complete removal of the organ and preserve the remaining organ function.
Intelligence
The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.
Remission Induction
Therapeutic act or process that initiates a response to a complete or partial remission level.
Etoposide
A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
Cytarabine
A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
Dose Fractionation
Administration of the total dose of radiation (RADIATION DOSAGE) in parts, at timed intervals.
Intelligence Tests
Standardized tests that measure the present general ability or aptitude for intellectual performance.
Daunorubicin
A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
Survivors
Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Cognition Disorders
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
Cerebellar Neoplasms
Primary or metastatic neoplasms of the CEREBELLUM. Tumors in this location frequently present with ATAXIA or signs of INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION due to obstruction of the fourth ventricle. Common primary cerebellar tumors include fibrillary ASTROCYTOMA and cerebellar HEMANGIOBLASTOMA. The cerebellum is a relatively common site for tumor metastases from the lung, breast, and other distant organs. (From Okazaki & Scheithauer, Atlas of Neuropathology, 1988, p86 and p141)
Gamma Rays
Penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei during NUCLEAR DECAY. The range of wavelengths of emitted radiation is between 0.1 - 100 pm which overlaps the shorter, more energetic hard X-RAYS wavelengths. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.
Prednisone
A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
Cyclophosphamide
Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
Survival Analysis
A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.
Learning Disorders
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.
Food Irradiation
Treatment of food with RADIATION.
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)
Cisplatin
An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.
Follow-Up Studies
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Disease-Free Survival
Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.
Treatment Outcome
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Survival Rate
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)
Drug Administration Schedule
Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Neuropsychological Tests
Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.
Recurrence
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
Body Height
The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
Bone Marrow Transplantation
The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.
Radiation-Protective Agents
Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.
Radiation Dosage
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Lymphatic Irradiation
External or interstitial irradiation to treat lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) and lymph node metastases and also some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Prognosis
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.
X-Rays
Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.
Radiation Effects
The effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation upon living organisms, organs and tissues, and their constituents, and upon physiologic processes. It includes the effect of irradiation on food, drugs, and chemicals.
Cognition
Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.
Age Factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Doxorubicin
Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.
Antineoplastic Agents
Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
Leukocyte Count
The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Radiation Tolerance
The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS.
Regression Analysis
Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.
Neoplasm Staging
Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.
Risk Factors
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Heavy Ions
Positively-charged atomic nuclei that have been stripped of their electrons. These particles have one or more units of electric charge and a mass exceeding that of the Helium-4 nucleus (alpha particle).
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Dexamethasone
An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
Cobalt Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes.
Risk
The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Radiation
Emission or propagation of acoustic waves (SOUND), ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY waves (such as LIGHT; RADIO WAVES; GAMMA RAYS; or X-RAYS), or a stream of subatomic particles (such as ELECTRONS; NEUTRONS; PROTONS; or ALPHA PARTICLES).
Microwaves
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UHF (ultrahigh frequency) radio waves and extending into the INFRARED RAYS frequencies.
Sex Factors
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Ultrasound B-mode changes in the uterus and ovaries and Doppler changes in the uterus after total body irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in childhood. (1/509)

Internal genitalia and uterine blood flow were assessed by ultrasound in 12 females 4.0-10.9 years after total body irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for childhood leukaemia or lymphoma. Median age of the participants was 12.7 years (range 6.1-17.6) at bone marrow transplantation and 21.5 years (11.6-25.6) at the follow-up study. At follow-up all had entered puberty and 11/12 females had experienced the menarche. Eight females received sex steroid replacement therapy, three had spontaneous pubertal development and one woman experienced symptoms of estrogen deficiency. Median uterine and ovarian volumes were significantly reduced to -2.6 standard deviation scores (SDS) (-6.3 to -0.6), P = 0.002, and -2.6 SDS (-4.8 to -0.5), P = 0.002, respectively, compared with normal controls. Follicles were only detectable in two individuals. Uterine blood flow was impaired, as a systolic blood flow could be measured in 6/9 individuals, and a diastolic blood flow in 1/9 females. Our results indicate that the prescribed dosage of hormone replacement therapy, which was sufficient to induce bleeding and suppress other stigmata of premature menopause, was inadequate to generate normal uterine growth. In order to achieve uterine growth higher doses of hormone replacement therapy may be required. Our results confirm pelvic ultrasound as a reliable tool for investigation of internal female genitalia; however, in an infertility setting further tests are indicated.  (+info)

Isolated recurrence of granulocytic sarcoma of the brain: successful treatment with surgical resection, intrathecal injection, irradiation and prophylactic systemic chemotherapy. (2/509)

We describe a 40-year-old male who developed an isolated recurrence of granulocytic sarcoma (GS) of the brain 2 years following successful treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML; M2). Computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images demonstrated a homogeneously enhanced tumor mass in the left temporal lobe and massive peritumoral edema. There was no evidence of relapse in the bone marrow. The patient underwent an emergency surgical resection of the tumor. Five courses of injection with cytarabine and prednisolone through an Ommaya reservoir and whole brain irradiation (total 40 Gy) were performed. Furthermore, prophylactic systemic chemotherapy with cytarabine and etoposide was added. He has been in complete remission for 21 months. Our results, together with other reported cases, indicate that a favorable outcome could be obtained by intensive and combined treatment for an isolated recurrence of GS of the brain if the bone marrow remained in complete remission.  (+info)

Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group. (3/509)

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the incidence of brain metastasis in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Whether this treatment, when given to patients in complete remission, improves survival is not known. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether prophylactic cranial irradiation prolongs survival. METHODS: We analyzed individual data on 987 patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission who took part in seven trials that compared prophylactic cranial irradiation with no prophylactic cranial irradiation. The main end point was survival. RESULTS: The relative risk of death in the treatment group as compared with the control group was 0.84 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.97; P= 0.01), which corresponds to a 5.4 percent increase in the rate of survival at three years (15.3 percent in the control group vs. 20.7 percent in the treatment group). Prophylactic cranial irradiation also increased the rate of disease-free survival (relative risk of recurrence or death, 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.86; P<0.001) and decreased the cumulative incidence of brain metastasis (relative risk, 0.46; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.57; P<0.001). Larger doses of radiation led to greater decreases in the risk of brain metastasis, according to an analysis of four total doses (8 Gy, 24 to 25 Gy, 30 Gy, and 36 to 40 Gy) (P for trend=0.02), but the effect on survival did not differ significantly according to the dose. We also identified a trend (P=0.01) toward a decrease in the risk of brain metastasis with earlier administration of cranial irradiation after the initiation of induction chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic cranial irradiation improves both overall survival and disease-free survival among patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission.  (+info)

Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion after high-dose thiotepa. (4/509)

High-dose thiotepa has been successfully included in a variety of conditioning regimens for stem cell transplantation in hematological and solid neoplasms. Toxicity of high-dose thiotepa mainly manifests as profound myeloablation and some degree of liver damage. We report a case of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in a patient with primary CNS lymphoma who underwent therapy with high-dose thiotepa.  (+info)

Pineoblastoma showing unusual ventricular extension in a young adult--case report. (5/509)

A 19-year-old male presented with a 4-week history of headache. Neurological examination showed bilateral papilledema. Computed tomography revealed a pineal region mass with remarkable obstructive hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a pineal region tumor continuously invading through the tectum into the cerebral aqueduct and the fourth ventricle with the preservation of the adjacent structures. The tumor appeared an iso- to hypointense mass on T1-weighted images, a heterogeneous iso- to hyperintense mass on T2-weighted images, and a heterogeneously enhanced mass after administration of contrast medium. Histological examination after endoscopic biopsy confirmed that the tumor was a pineoblastoma. Radiotherapy was given to the whole brain and the spinal cord, and magnetic resonance imaging showed complete remission of the tumor. Pineoblastomas are highly malignant tumors with seeding potential through the neighboring ventricle or along the meninges, and this type of tumor becomes larger with local extension. We found no previous reports of the continuous extension into the fourth ventricle. The present case showed ventricular extension with minimal mass effect to adjacent structures, and did not disturb ventricular configuration. According to the unusual finding of ventricular extension, this rare case of pineoblastoma requires adjuvant chemotherapy.  (+info)

Treatment of children with medulloblastomas with reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy: A Children's Cancer Group Study. (6/509)

PURPOSE: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. After treatment with surgery and radiation therapy, approximately 60% of children with medulloblastoma are alive and free of progressive disease 5 years after diagnosis, but many have significant neurocognitive sequelae. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility and efficacy of treating children with nondisseminated medulloblastoma with reduced-dose craniospinal radiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 3-year period, 65 children between 3 and 10 years of age with nondisseminated medulloblastoma were treated with postoperative, reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy (23.4 Gy) and 55.8 Gy of local radiation therapy. Adjuvant vincristine chemotherapy was administered during radiotherapy, and lomustine, vincristine, and cisplatin chemotherapy was administered during and after radiation. RESULTS: Progression-free survival was 86% +/- 4% at 3 years and 79% +/- 7% at 5 years. Sites of relapse for the 14 patients who developed progressive disease included the local tumor site alone in two patients, local tumor site and disseminated disease in nine, and nonprimary sites in three. Brainstem involvement did not adversely affect outcome. Therapy was relatively well tolerated; however, the dose of cisplatin had to be modified in more than 50% of patients before the completion of treatment. One child died of pneumonitis and sepsis during treatment. CONCLUSION: These overall survival rates compare favorably to those obtained in studies using full-dose radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy plus chemotherapy. The results suggest that reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy during and after radiation is a feasible approach for children with nondisseminated medulloblastoma.  (+info)

Prophylactic cranial irradiation in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer after multimodality treatment: long-term follow-up and investigations of late neuropsychologic effects. (7/509)

PURPOSE: Relapse pattern and late toxicities in long-term survivors were analyzed after the introduction of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) into a phase II trial on trimodality treatment of locally advanced (LAD) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with stage IIIA(N2)/IIIB NSCLC were treated with induction chemotherapy, preoperative radiochemotherapy, and surgery. PCI was routinely offered during the second period of study accrual. Patients were given a total radiation dose of 30 Gy (2 Gy per daily fraction) over a 3-week period starting 1 day after the last chemotherapy cycle. RESULTS: Introduction of PCI reduced the rate of brain metastases as first site of relapse from 30% to 8% at 4 years (P =.005) and that of overall brain relapse from 54% to 13% (P <.0001). The effect of PCI was also observed in the good-prognosis subgroup of 47 patients who had a partial response or complete response to induction chemotherapy, with a reduction of brain relapse as first failure from 23% to 0% at 4 years (P =.01). Neuropsychologic testing revealed impairments in attention and visual memory in long-term survivors who received PCI as well as in those who did not receive PCI. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed white matter abnormalities of higher grades in patients who received PCI than in those who did not. CONCLUSION: PCI at a moderate dose reduced brain metastases in LAD-NSCLC to a clinically significant extent, comparable to that in limited-disease small-cell lung cancer. Late toxicity to normal brain was acceptable. This study supports the use of PCI within intense protocols for LAD-NSCLC, particularly in patients with favorable prognostic factors.  (+info)

Sexually dimorphic and radiation dose dependent effect of cranial irradiation on body mass index. (8/509)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between cranial irradiation received during treatment for childhood leukaemia and obesity at final height. DESIGN: Retrospective cross sectional study. SETTING: Paediatric oncology centres at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and the Royal Marsden Hospital. SUBJECTS: Survivors of childhood leukaemia who received cranial irradiation, were in continuous first remission, and had reached final height. An unirradiated group of patients from the United Kingdom acute lymphoblastic leukaemia XI trial was also included; these patients were in continuous first remission and had been followed for at least four years from diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index standard deviation score (BMI z score) at final height for irradiated patients and at most recent follow up for unirradiated patients. Regression analysis was used to examine the effect on BMI z score of sex, age at diagnosis, and the dose of radiation received. RESULTS: For cranially irradiated patients, an increase in the BMI z score at final height was associated with female sex and lower radiation dose, but not with age at diagnosis. Severe obesity, defined as a BMI z score of > 3 at final height, was only present in girls who received 18-20 Gy irradiation and had a prevalence of 8%. Both male and female unirradiated patients had raised BMI z scores at latest follow up and there was no association with age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: These data are further evidence for a sexually dimorphic and dose dependent effect of radiation on the human brain.  (+info)

RO4929097 and Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy or Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Treating Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast...RO4929097 and Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy or Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Treating Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast...
This randomized phase I/II trial studies the side effects and the best dose of RO4929097 (gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097) when given together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery and to see how well it works compared to whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery alone in treating patients with breast cancer or other cancers (such as lung cancer or melanoma) that have spread to the brain. RO4929097 may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Whole-brain radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays deliver radiation to the entire brain to treat tumors that can and cannot be seen. Stereotactic radiosurgery may be able to deliver x-rays directly to the tumor and cause less damage to normal tissue. It is not yet known whether giving RO4929097 together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery may kill more tumor cells ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01217411?recr=Open&cond=%22Breast+Neoplasms%22&rank=20
RO4929097 and Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy or Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Treating Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast...RO4929097 and Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy or Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Treating Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast...
This randomized phase I/II trial studies the side effects and the best dose of RO4929097 (gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097) when given together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery and to see how well it works compared to whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery alone in treating patients with breast cancer or other cancers (such as lung cancer or melanoma) that have spread to the brain. RO4929097 may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Whole-brain radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays deliver radiation to the entire brain to treat tumors that can and cannot be seen. Stereotactic radiosurgery may be able to deliver x-rays directly to the tumor and cause less damage to normal tissue. It is not yet known whether giving RO4929097 together with whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery may kill more tumor cells ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01217411?recr=Open&cond=%22Breast+Neoplasms%2C+Male%22&rank=8
Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain MetastasisWhole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastasis
Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) delivers radiation treatments to the entire brain over a period of many weeks. WBRT is typically used if there are more than a few areas of cancer in the brain. WBRT helps to shrink the tumors and improve symptoms. WBRT also may be used in place of, or in addition to, stereotactic radiosurgery. The side effects of WBRT include thought and memory problems, so its important to have a conversation with your doctor to weigh the risks and benefits of WBRT in your situation. If you have HER2-positive breast cancer that has moved into the brain, you may be able to delay whole-brain radiation therapy by using the combination of Tykerb (chemical name: lapatinib) and Xeloda (chemical name: capecitabine). For more information, see Targeted Therapies to Treat Recurrent and Metastatic Breast Cancer. ...
https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/types/recur_metast/treat_metast/options/local/brain/radiation
Trametinib With or Without Whole Brain Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Brain Metastases - CareAcross
This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of trametinib with or without whole brain radiation therapy in treating patients with brain metastases. Trametinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Radiation therapy uses high energy x rays to kill tumor cells. Drugs, such as trametinib, may make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Giving trametinib with whole brain radiation therapy may be an effective treatment for brain metastases.
https://www.careacross.com/clinical-trials/trial/NCT02015117
Radiosurgery or whole-brain radiation in patients with multiple brain metastases? | Science CodexRadiosurgery or whole-brain radiation in patients with multiple brain metastases? | Science Codex
Although targeted therapies have produced dramatic advances in our ability to control some types of advanced lung cancer, growth of the disease in the brain remains a major problem. Radiation is often used to treat deposits in the brain, but the best technique to deliver radiation can be controversial. Whole-brain radiation therapy, as its name suggest, treats the entire brain but can be associated with notable cognitive side effects. Another strategy, radiosurgery, directs highly-focused radiation only to the sites of metastasis, largely sparing the normal brain. The challenge has been to define in which circumstances each technique is best. The debate has centered on the number of brain metastases, with the field generally agreeing that with three or fewer deposits, radiosurgery is the preferred approach, and then switching to the use of whole-brain radiation to treat four or more deposits.. A University of Colorado Cancer Center study published today in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology ...
http://www.sciencecodex.com/radiosurgery-or-whole-brain-radiation-patients-multiple-brain-metastases-617847
Phase I study of bendamustine with concurrent whole brain radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases from solid tumors...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Phase I study of bendamustine with concurrent whole brain radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. AU - Pan, Edward. AU - Yu, Daohai. AU - Zhao, Xiuhua. AU - Neuger, Anthony. AU - Smith, Pamela. AU - Chinnaiyan, Prakash. AU - Yu, Hsiang Hsuan M.ichael. PY - 2014/9/1. Y1 - 2014/9/1. N2 - A phase I study was conducted to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose of bendamustine with concurrent whole brain radiation (WBR) in patients with brain metastases (BM) from solid tumors. Four doses of intravenous weekly bendamustine were administered with 3 weeks of WBR at three dose levels (60, 80, and 100 mg/m(2)) according to a standard 3 + 3 phase I design. A total of 12 patients with solid tumor BM were enrolled in the study (six with non-small cell lung cancer, four with melanoma, one with breast cancer, and one with neuroendocrine carcinoma). The first two dose levels had three ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/phase-i-study-of-bendamustine-with-concurrent-whole-brain-radiati-2
A phase I study of topical Tempol for the prevention of alopecia induced by whole brain radiotherapy. | Tempol.infoA phase I study of topical Tempol for the prevention of alopecia induced by whole brain radiotherapy. | Tempol.info
Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 1;10(19):6411-7. A phase I study of topical Tempol for the prevention of alopecia induced by whole brain radiotherapy. Metz JM¹, Smith D, Mick R, Lustig R, Mitchell J, Cherakuri M, Glatstein E, Hahn SM. ¹Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Abstract PURPOSE: Complete alopecia is a universal complication of whole brain radiation therapy which contributes to patient anxiety over treatment. Tempol, a nitroxide radioprotector, has been shown to protect against radiation-induced alopecia in an animal model. This phase Ib study was designed to evaluate the safety and side effect profile of topical Tempol in patients with brain metastases being treated with whole brain radiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twelve patients with metastatic cancer to the brain were enrolled in the study between October 2000 and February 2003. Tempol (70 mg/ml concentration solution) was applied topically to the scalp 15 minutes before and washed off immediately
http://tempol.info/a-phase-i-study-of-topical-tempol-for-the-prevention-of-alopecia-induced-by-whole-brain-radiotherapy/
Tarceva With Whole Brain Radiation Therapy - Brain Mets From Non-Small Cell Lung CancerTarceva With Whole Brain Radiation Therapy - Brain Mets From Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
The goal of this clinical research study is to learn whether Tarceva (erlotinib hydrochloride), when given in addition to whole brain radiation therapy,
http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-trials/NCT00871923/
Simultaneously integrated boost to multiple brain metastases during whole brain radiation therapy-hippocampal avoidance<...Simultaneously integrated boost to multiple brain metastases during whole brain radiation therapy-hippocampal avoidance<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Simultaneously integrated boost to multiple brain metastases during whole brain radiation therapy-hippocampal avoidance. AU - Gutiérrez, Alonso N.. AU - Tomé, Wolfgang A.. AU - Ghia, Amol. AU - Thomas, Sayana. AU - Cannon, George. AU - Khuntia, Deepak. AU - Kuo, John S.. AU - Mehta, Minesh. PY - 2010/3/19. Y1 - 2010/3/19. N2 - Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of delivering a radiosurgery-quality integrated boost to visible brain metastases combined with hippocampal sparing whole brain radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy. Materials and Methods: Ten patients were planned on helical tomotherapy using MR-CT fusion-defined target and normal structure contours. Individually contoured hippocampi were used as conformal avoidance structures and limited to a mean-NTD2 of 6 Gy, where NTD2 denotes the normalized total dose delivered in 2 Gy fractions assuming an α/β-ratio of 2 Gy. A whole brain dose of 32.25 Gy and simultaneous boost doses to brain metastases of either 63.0 Gy (, ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/simultaneously-integrated-boost-to-multiple-brain-metastases-duri-2
Whole brain radiotherapy - WikipediaWhole brain radiotherapy - Wikipedia
Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a palliative option for patients with brain metastases that alleviates symptoms, decreases the use of corticosteroids needed to control tumor-associated edema, and potentially improves overall survival. It has been reported to increase the risk of cognitive decline. McTyre, E; Scott, J; Chinnaiyan, P (2013). Whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastasis. Surg Neurol Int. 4: S236-44. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.111301. PMC 3656558 . PMID 23717795. Whole-Brain Radiotherapy: Risks Worth Benefit?. Medscape.com. Retrieved August 20, 2015 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_brain_radiotherapy
Search Clinical Trials | Froedtert & MCWSearch Clinical Trials | Froedtert & MCW
The purpose of this study is to compare any good and bad effects of avoiding the hippocampus during whole-brain radiation to the usual whole-brain radiation. The hippocampus is part of the brain that is important for memory. Avoiding the hippocampus during whole-brain radiation could decrease the chance of side effects on memory and thinking. It also is possible that avoiding the hippocampus could have no benefit or could cause other side effects. Hippocampal avoidance also could lessen the effectiveness of whole-brain radiation. This study will allow the researchers to know whether this different approach is better, the same, or worse than the usual approach. To be better, the addition of the hippocampal avoidance technique to whole-brain radiation therapy should decrease the chance of side effects on memory or thinking by at least 14.5 ...
https://www.froedtert.com/research/clinical-trials/search?f%5B0%5D=category%3A27001&f%5B1%5D=sub_category%3A16066&f%5B2%5D=sub_category%3A16091
Search Clinical Trials | Froedtert & MCWSearch Clinical Trials | Froedtert & MCW
The purpose of this study is to compare any good and bad effects of avoiding the hippocampus during whole-brain radiation to the usual whole-brain radiation. The hippocampus is part of the brain that is important for memory. Avoiding the hippocampus during whole-brain radiation could decrease the chance of side effects on memory and thinking. It also is possible that avoiding the hippocampus could have no benefit or could cause other side effects. Hippocampal avoidance also could lessen the effectiveness of whole-brain radiation. This study will allow the researchers to know whether this different approach is better, the same, or worse than the usual approach. To be better, the addition of the hippocampal avoidance technique to whole-brain radiation therapy should decrease the chance of side effects on memory or thinking by at least 14.5 ...
https://www.froedtert.com/research/clinical-trials/search?f%5B0%5D=category%3A27001&f%5B1%5D=condition%3A32546&f%5B2%5D=sub_category%3A16066&f%5B3%5D=sub_category%3A16081&f%5B4%5D=sub_category%3A16091
High-dose radiation-induced meningioma following prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Journal...High-dose radiation-induced meningioma following prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Journal...
abstractNote = {A 12 year-old girl was treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). At the age of 39, she was admitted to our hospital for status epilepticus. Computed tomography demonstrated two, enhancing bilateral sided intracranial tumors. After surgery, this patient presented meningiomas which histologically, were of the meningothelial type. The high cure rate in childhood ALL, attributable to aggressive chemotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation, is capable of inducing secondary brain tumor. Twelve cases of high-dose radiation-induced meningioma following ALL are also reviewed. (author ...
https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20614537
Efficacy and toxicity of whole brain radiotherapy in patients with multiple cerebral metastases from malignant melanoma |...Efficacy and toxicity of whole brain radiotherapy in patients with multiple cerebral metastases from malignant melanoma |...
To retrospectively access outcome and toxicity of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with multiple brain metastases (BM) from malignant melanoma (MM). Results of 87 patients (median age 58 years; 35 female, 52 male) treated by WBRT for BM of MM between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed. Total dose applied was either 30 Gy in 10 fractions (n = 56) or 40 Gy in 20 fractions (n = 31). All but 9 patients suffered from extra-cerebral metastases. Prior surgical resection of BM was performed in 18 patients, salvage stereotactic radiosurgery in 13 patients. Mean follow-up was 8 months (range, 0-57 months), the 6- and 12-months overall-(OS) survival rates were 29.2% and 16.5%, respectively. The median OS was 3.5 months. In cerebral follow-up imaging 6 (11) patients showed a complete (partial) remission, while 11 (17) patients had stable disease (intra-cerebral tumor progression). In comparison of total dose, the group treated with 40 Gy in 20 fractions achieved a significant longer OS (p = 0.003, median 3.1 vs
https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1748-717X-7-130
Similar Local Recurrence Rates But Increased Distant Metastases With Adjuvant Localized vs Whole-Brain Radiotherapy in Patients...Similar Local Recurrence Rates But Increased Distant Metastases With Adjuvant Localized vs Whole-Brain Radiotherapy in Patients...
In patients who had undergone surgery for brain metastases, the rate of recurrence at the resected site was similar between patients who received adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy vs those who underwent adjuvant localized radiotherapy, according to a retrospective study by Hsieh et al in the journal Neurosurgery. However, localized radiotherapy was associated with a higher incidence of distant metastases.. Surgery followed by adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy is a well-established treatment for brain metastases, particularly in patients who have a limited number of brain metastases. Yet discussions continue as to whether these patients require whole-brain radiotherapy or can be treated with localized radiotherapy. Localized radiotherapy is associated with fewer side effects compared with whole-brain radiotherapy, but some studies have documented an association with an increased risk for development of new intracranial metastases.. Thus, the investigators conducted a study to examine the rate of ...
https://www.ascopost.com/News/24600
Whole brain radiotherapy versus stereotactic radiosurgery for 4-10 brain metastases: a phase III randomised multicentre trial |...Whole brain radiotherapy versus stereotactic radiosurgery for 4-10 brain metastases: a phase III randomised multicentre trial |...
In this randomised study, in patients with 4-10 brain metastases (BM), the standard treatment of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is compared to …
https://www.springermedizin.de/whole-brain-radiotherapy-versus-stereotactic-radiosurgery-for-4-/13326928?fulltextView=true
Second thyroid neoplasms after prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Perel, Yves; Leverger, Guy;...Second thyroid neoplasms after prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Perel, Yves; Leverger, Guy;...
Second thyroid neoplasms after prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Perel, Yves; Leverger, Guy; Carrere, Anne; Caudry, Michel; Garabedian, Erea Noel; Ansoborlo, Sophie; Vergnes, Pierre | download | BookSC. Download books for free. Find books
http://booksc.org/book/4360/766fb6/?_ir=1
Phase II clinical trial of whole-brain irradiation plus three-dimensional conformal boost with concurrent topotecan for brain...Phase II clinical trial of whole-brain irradiation plus three-dimensional conformal boost with concurrent topotecan for brain...
Patients with brain metastases from lung cancer have poor prognoses and short survival time, and they are often excluded from clinical trials. Whole-cranial irradiation is considered to be the standard treatment, but its efficacy is not satisfactory. The purpose of this phase II clinical trial was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and safety of the treatment of whole-brain irradiation plus three-dimensional conformal boost combined with concurrent topotecan for the patients with brain metastases from lung cancer. Patients with brain metastasis from lung cancer received concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy: conventional fractionated whole-brain irradiation, 2 fields/time, 1 fraction/day, 2 Gy/fraction, 5 times/week, and DT 40 Gy/20 fractions; for the patients with ≤ 3 lesions with diameter ≥ 2 cm, a three-dimensional (3-D) conformal localised boost was given to increase the dosage to 56-60 Gy; and during radiotherapy, concurrent chemotherapy with topotecan was given (the chemoradiotherapy
https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1748-717X-8-238
The role of whole brain radiation therapy in the management of newly diagnosed brain metastases: a systematic review and...The role of whole brain radiation therapy in the management of newly diagnosed brain metastases: a systematic review and...
Surgical resection plus WBRT versus surgical resection alone Level 1 Surgical resection followed by WBRT represents a superior treatment modality, in terms of improving tumor control at the original site of the metastasis and in the brain overall, when compared to surgical resection alone. Surgical …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19960231/?dopt=Abstract
Radiosurgery or whole-brain radiation in patients with multiple brain metastases?Radiosurgery or whole-brain radiation in patients with multiple brain metastases?
Although targeted therapies have produced dramatic advances in our ability to control some types of advanced lung cancer, growth of the disease in the brain remains a major problem. Radiation is often used to treat deposits ...
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-12-radiosurgery-whole-brain-patients-multiple-brain.html
Whole-Brain Radiation Doesnt Boost Brain Metastases Survival | Medpage TodayWhole-Brain Radiation Doesnt Boost Brain Metastases Survival | Medpage Today
SAPPORO, Japan - Adding whole-brain irradiation to stereotactic radiosurgery does not improve survival of patients with metastatic brain cancer, but it may reduce recurrence of the metastases, r
https://www.medpagetoday.com/hematologyoncology/braincancer/3486
cranial irradiationcranial irradiation
The results of a recently reported clinical study at the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) in San Francisco demonstrate that thoracic radiation improves survival and reduces cancer recurrence when added to prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with extended-stage small cell lung cancer.(1) Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a fast-growing […]. ...
http://cancer.unm.edu/tag/cranial-irradiation/
Radiation Oncology AssociatesRadiation Oncology Associates
Results from a randomized Phase III study indicate that whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) following removal of one to three brain metastases with surgery or radiosurgery does not improve overall survival... Continue Reading ...
http://radiationoncologyassociates.co/cancer-specific-article-view/?type=Cervical%20Cancer&set=News&stage=Recurrent%20Cervical%20Cancer
Prospective assessment of patient-rated symptoms following whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases. - PubMed - NCBIProspective assessment of patient-rated symptoms following whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16043003?dopt=Abstract
Impact of Early Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation with Hippocampal Avoidance on Neurocognitive Function in Patients with Limited...Impact of Early Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation with Hippocampal Avoidance on Neurocognitive Function in Patients with Limited...
No refunds, extensions, or substitutions will be made for those participants who, for any reason, have not completed the course by the end of the qualification date. The qualification date for each course is listed in the course catalog on the ASTRO website under availability.. Participants using ASTROs online courses to satisfy the requirement of a Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program should verify the number, type and availability dates of any course before making a purchase. No refunds, extensions, or substitutions will be made for participants who have purchased courses that do not align with their MOC requirement.. The course and its materials will only be available on the ASTRO website for that 2 year period regardless of purchase date. At the expiration of the qualification, participants will no longer have access to the course or its materials. ASTRO reserves the right to remove a course before the end of its qualification period.. ...
https://academy.astro.org/content/impact-early-prophylactic-cranial-irradiation-hippocampal-avoidance-neurocognitive-function
Brain, Liver, Colon, Lung, and Adrenal gland Melanoma | Cancer Survivors NetworkBrain, Liver, Colon, Lung, and Adrenal gland Melanoma | Cancer Survivors Network
My husand has been diagnosed with brain, liver, lung, colon,& right adrenal gland melanoma cancer. They have said 6-8 weeks to survive if treatment didnt work and only maybe 6 months if it does. We are Christians and believe in miracles.. It all started from a mole on his back. He had it removed in 2007 and a few lymph nodes under his arm. All was well, we thought, until my husband started feeling bad about a month ago. He was gagging in the morning like he had post nasal drip. He felt crummy overall. He then got a pain in is lower right belly. We thought a appendicitis. We went to the Dr. and they did a series of CAT/PET/MRI scans. I cant remember in what order when.. Anyways, they then told use that he had all this extensive cancer throughout the body. They thought the brain should be addressed first. He had 10 treatments of WBRT (whole brain radiation therapy. He was sent for concult with renowned cancer specialist Dr. Thompson from SCCA, UofW, and Fred Hutchinson. He does clinical trial ...
https://csn.cancer.org/node/215526
Radiation-induced damage to brain tissue reversed by oxygen starvation in miceRadiation-induced damage to brain tissue reversed by oxygen starvation in mice
Treating brain tumors with whole brain radiation therapy can damage healthy brain tissue, but a new study in mice reveals that limiting the oxygen supply, or hypoxia, can alleviate some of the cognitive impairment caused ...
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-01-radiation-induced-brain-tissue-reversed-oxygen.html
Low Oxygen Saves Irradiated Brain? | The Scientist Magazine®Low Oxygen Saves Irradiated Brain? | The Scientist Magazine®
Whole brain radiation therapy costs mice some of their cognitive abilities, but treatment with low-oxygen air revives their reasoning skills.
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/31617/title/Low-Oxygen-Saves-Irradiated-Brain-/flagPost/62950/
Low Oxygen Saves Irradiated Brain? | The Scientist Magazine®Low Oxygen Saves Irradiated Brain? | The Scientist Magazine®
Whole brain radiation therapy costs mice some of their cognitive abilities, but treatment with low-oxygen air revives their reasoning skills.
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/31617/title/Low-Oxygen-Saves-Irradiated-Brain-/flagPost/69128/
Exercise Improves Memory, Mood Following Brain Radiation TreatmentExercise Improves Memory, Mood Following Brain Radiation Treatment
Exercise can help improve both memory and mood after whole-brain radiation treatment, thats the conclusion of a new study in rodents.
http://www.medindia.net/news/Exercise-Improves-Memory-Mood-Following-Brain-Radiation-Treatment-59714-1.htm
ANZCTR - Registration
If the study is suitable for you, you will commence treatment with chemotherapy and thoracic (chest) radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI/ brain) radiotherapy which are the standard of care treatment for SCLC. Following completion of the chemotherapy and radiotherapy part of your treatment you will have a CT scan to see if your cancer is shrinking or growing. If your cancer has grown your consulting doctor will discuss the most suitable treatment for you at that time ...
https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374916
Need help regarding whole brain radiation decision | Cancer Survivors NetworkNeed help regarding whole brain radiation decision | Cancer Survivors Network
Bennette,. Every person handles things differently so I dont think anyone can say exactly how your mom will do with the WBRT. My husband did 2 weeks of daily but he is also taking 2 chemo treatments at the same time. He was just tired at first but then all of a sudden he got deathly ill, throwing up, diarrhea, not knowing he was even going, then didnt know me either. He ended up in the hospital for a week too week to move. His head was very scaly and irritated even with prescription oil, sween cream, his hand was grabbing at it all the time and rubbing it, then his ears were affected, behind the ear became very raw, his ears were swollen almost completely shut. He lost his hearing for about 2 weeks. I am not trying to scare you just letting you know what could happen...After about a month, his skin is like baby soft skin all the burns and scaliness is gone, his hearing is back. He walks with a cane. The doctors opinion is that the combination of chemo we were using coupled with the radiation ...
https://csn.cancer.org/comment/1235571
Hard Realities - Anna CraigHard Realities - Anna Craig
This past Friday Anna went in for an unplanned MRI. She was having some symptoms that concerned her doctor. The breast cancer in Annas brain has grown exponentially. The three most recent tumours that had shrunk initially after whole brain radiation have grown again, along with the initial tumour from last January when she had…
https://annacraigblog.com/2015/12/19/hard-realities/?replytocom=441
Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiation Therapy: A Propensity Score Analysis and Predictors of Care for Patients...Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiation Therapy: A Propensity Score Analysis and Predictors of Care for Patients...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiation Therapy. T2 - A Propensity Score Analysis and Predictors of Care for Patients With Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer. AU - Mainwaring, Walker. AU - Bowers, John. AU - Pham, Ngoc. AU - Pezzi, Todd. AU - Shukla, Mihir. AU - Bonnen, Mark. AU - Ludwig, Michelle. PY - 2019/4. Y1 - 2019/4. N2 - Background: Metastases to the brain occur in 10%-16% of patients with breast cancer, with incidence reportedly increasing. Historically, brain metastases (BM) have been treated with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), but stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an increasingly favored treatment option. In this study we used a population-level database to compare patterns of care and survival between WBRT and SRS for BM from breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to select patients treated with radiation for BM from primary breast cancer. Groups were classified on the basis of the modality of radiation ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/stereotactic-radiosurgery-versus-whole-brain-radiation-therapy-a-
Weekly Cisplatin during cranial irradiation for malignant melanoma metastatic to brain<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Weekly Cisplatin during cranial irradiation for malignant melanoma metastatic to brain. AU - Stewart, David J.. AU - Feun, Lynn G.. AU - Maor, Moshe. AU - Leavens, Milam. AU - Burgess, M. Andrew. AU - Benjamin, Robert S.. AU - Bodey, Gerald P.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1983/3. Y1 - 1983/3. N2 - Because Cisplatin potentiates the effect of radiotherapy in animal tumor systems and because Cisplatin is capable of causing regressions of human malignant melanomas, a study was initiated in patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to brain to investigate the feasibility of administering Cisplatin once a week during cranial irradiation. Cisplatin 40 mg/m2/week (three doses) was given LV. to 18 patients during whole brain irradiation, 3 000 rads in 12 fractions over 2 1/2 weeks. Eleven patients also received Cisplatin 120 mg/m2 every three weeks, starting three weeks after cranial irradiation. Median survival was ten weeks, and only one of ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/weekly-cisplatin-during-cranial-irradiation-for-malignant-melanom
Leptomeningeal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer: Survival and the impact of whole brain radiotherapy
Leptomeningeal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer: Survival and the impact of whole brain radiotherapy Academic Article ...
http://vivo.med.cornell.edu/display/pubid84858327540
An instrument for estimating the 6-month survival probability after whole-brain irradiation alone for cerebral metastases from...
TY - JOUR. T1 - An instrument for estimating the 6-month survival probability after whole-brain irradiation alone for cerebral metastases from gynecological cancer. AU - Janssen, Stefan. AU - Hansen, Heinke C.. AU - Schild, Steven E.. AU - Rades, Dirk. PY - 2018/6/1. Y1 - 2018/6/1. N2 - Background/Aim: Patients with cerebral metastases from gynecological cancer who receive whole-brain irradiation (WBI) alone require personalized therapy. This study contributes to personalized care by creating an instrument to predict 6-month survival probability. Patients and Methods: In 49 patients, six pre-treatment variables, namely age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG-PS), primary tumor type, number of cerebral metastases, metastasis outside the brain, and interval between diagnosis of gynecological cancer and WBI, were analyzed for survival. Results: Of the six pre-treatment variables, ECOG-PS was significantly associated with survival (p=0.014) and metastasis outside the brain ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/an-instrument-for-estimating-the-6-month-survival-probability-aft
Brainlab Raises Awareness about Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases Patients on World Cancer Day 2017 - BrainlabBrainlab Raises Awareness about Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases Patients on World Cancer Day 2017 - Brainlab
Munich, February 3, 2017-In support of World Cancer Day 2017, which aims to bring global attention to cancer, Brainlab, a leader in cancer-fighting technologies, raises awareness about metastatic brain cancer and the revolutionary new methods being used to treat the disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 14 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year, with that number expected to rise by 70% over the next two decades. Cancers of the lung, breast, skin, colon and kidney present the highest risk of metastasizing to the brain.. As treatments improve, in combination with early detection, cancer patients are living longer, resulting in higher incidence of brain metastases, according to the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA). One of the most prevalent procedures for treating multiple brain metastases is whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) despite increasing evidence that WBRT can lead to significant cognitive side effects and the existence of alternative, less severe ...
https://www.brainlab.com/bp/press-releases/brainlab-raises-awareness-about-radiosurgery-for-brain-metastases-patients-on-world-cancer-day-2017/
Preservation of memory with conformal avoidance of the hippocampal neural stem-cell compartment during whole-brain radiotherapy...Preservation of memory with conformal avoidance of the hippocampal neural stem-cell compartment during whole-brain radiotherapy...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Preservation of memory with conformal avoidance of the hippocampal neural stem-cell compartment during whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases (RTOG 0933). T2 - A phase II multi-institutional trial. AU - Gondi, Vinai. AU - Pugh, Stephanie L.. AU - Tome, Wolfgang A.. AU - Caine, Chip. AU - Corn, Ben. AU - Kanner, Andrew. AU - Rowley, Howard. AU - Kundapur, Vijayananda. AU - DeNittis, Albert. AU - Greenspoon, Jeffrey N.. AU - Konski, Andre A.. AU - Bauman, Glenn S.. AU - Shah, Sunjay. AU - Shi, Wenyin. AU - Wendland, Merideth. AU - Kachnic, Lisa. AU - Mehta, Minesh P.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. Copyright: Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2014/12/1. Y1 - 2014/12/1. N2 - Purpose: Hippocampal neural stem-cell injury during whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) may play a role in memory decline. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy can be used to avoid conformally the hippocampal neural stem-cell compartment during ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/preservation-of-memory-with-conformal-avoidance-of-the-hippocampa-2
Leukapheresis and cranial irradiation in patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia: no impact on early mortality and...Leukapheresis and cranial irradiation in patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia: no impact on early mortality and...
To assess the role of leukapheresis and cranial irradiation in reducing the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and early death in patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the impact of such treatment on survival. This study retrospectively analyzed the records of 75 patients with hyperleukocytic AML who had a white cell count over 100,000/microL. All patients had de novo AML except for two with therapy-related AML. Various factors were assessed for their impact on morbidity and mortality, particularly the role of pre-induction leukapharesis and cranial irradiation. The most significant risk factors for ICH were the presence of two or more symptoms of leukostasis (odds ratios [OR] 10.6, 95% CI: 2.67-42.02; P = 0.001) and respiratory distress (OR 5.41, 95% CI: 1.44-20.32, P = 0.012). The most significant risk factors for early death were age ,or= 65 (OR 4.21, 95% CI: 1.45-12.21, P = 0.008), respiratory failure (OR 3.34, 95% CI: 1.24-9.50, P = 0.018), and two or more ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17636473/leukapheresis-and-cranial-irradiation-in-patients-with-hyperleukocytic-acute-myeloid-leukemia-no-impact-on-early-mortality-and-intracranial-hemorrhage
Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveRandomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
OBJECTIVE This is the final report of a phase III randomized study to evaluate whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in primary therapy of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) after a median follow-up of 81.2 months. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL were randomized to high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-based chemotherapy alone or followed by WBRT. We hypothesized that the omission of WBRT would not compromise overall survival (OS; primary endpoint), using a noninferiority design with a margin of 0.9. RESULTS In the per-protocol population (n = 320), WBRT nonsignificantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) (median 18.2 vs 11.9 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-1.06], p = 0.14) and significantly PFS from last HDMTX (25.5 vs 12.0 months, HR 0.65 [95% CI 0.5-0.83], p = 0.001), but without OS prolongation (35.6 vs 37.1 months, HR 1.03 [95% CI 0.79-1.35], p = 0.82). In the intent-to-treat population (n = 410), there was a prolongation by WBRT of both PFS (15.4 vs 9.9 ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/110459/
Intracranial control and radiographic changes with adjuvant radiation therapy for resected brain metastases: whole brain...Intracranial control and radiographic changes with adjuvant radiation therapy for resected brain metastases: whole brain...
The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of postoperative whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone in patients with resected brain metastases (BM). We reviewe
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11060-014-1601-4
Her Diagnosis
Radiation therapyRadiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is used on painful bony areas, in high disease burdens, or as part of the preparations for a bone marrow transplant (total body irradiation). Radiation in the form of whole-brain radiation is also used for central nervous system prophylaxis, to prevent recurrence of leukemia in the brain. Whole-brain prophylaxis radiation used to be a common method in treatment of childrens ALL. Recent studies showed that CNS chemotherapy provided results as favorable but with less developmental side-effects. As a result, the use of whole-brain radiation has been more limited. Most specialists in adult leukemia have abandoned the use of radiation therapy for CNS prophylaxis, instead using intrathecal chemotherapy. Biological therapyFor some subtypes of relapsed ALL, aiming at biological targets such as the proteasome, in combination with chemotherapy, has given promising results in clinical trials. Selection of biological targets on the basis of their ...
http://www.bravemykayla.com/her-diagnosis.html
Avoiding specific region of brain during whole-brain radiotherapy prevents memory loss - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comAvoiding specific region of brain during whole-brain radiotherapy prevents memory loss - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
The single-arm, phase II study was a multi-institutional, international clinical trial in the U.S. and Canada, conducted through the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Researchers compared the study group to a historical control group of patients who had received WBRT without hippocampal avoidance in the PCI-P-120-9801 phase III trial (Li 2007). This study enrolled 113 adult patients from 2011 through 2013 who had a measurable brain metastasis outside a 5-mm margin around the hippocampus. Of those patients, 100 were analyzable and 76 percent were categorized as recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class II. All patients received hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) to 30 Gy in 10 fractions. In all analyzable patients, the dose received by the entirety of the hippocampus did not exceed 10 Gy, and the maximum dose did not exceed 17 Gy. Patients were assessed using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Delayed Recall (HVLT-DR), the HVLT - Recall (HVLT-R) and the HVLT - ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/43216-avoiding-specific-region-of-brain-during-whole-brain-radiotherapy-prevents-memory-loss.html
AAPM 54th Annual Meeting - Meeting Program - Abstract InformationAAPM 54th Annual Meeting - Meeting Program - Abstract Information
Twelve patients who had brain metastases and received fractionated whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) (30 or 37.5G) were included in the study. Diffusion weighted images were acquired pre RT, end of RT, and 1-month post-RT. The fornix, cingulum and corpus callosum were extracted from diffusion weighted images by combining fiber tracking and segmentation methods based upon characteristics of the fiber bundles. The ingulum was segmented by a seed-based tractography, the fornix by an ROI-based tractography, and the corpus callosum by a level-set segmentation algorithm. The radiation-induced longitudinal changes in diffusion indices of the structures were evaluated ...
https://www.aapm.org/meetings/2012AM/PRAbs.asp?mid=68&aid=18078
6.9 Metastatic Breast Cancer6.9 Metastatic Breast Cancer
The majority (40-60%) of patients with metastatic her2 positive breast cancer develop brain metastases at some point in their disease course. One should maintain a low threshold for imaging the brain if a patient reports any neurologic symptoms, even if subtle. Oligometastases should be considered for surgical excision or radiotactic surgery followed by whole brain radiotherapy. Retreatment of progressive brain metastases with further radiation is sometimes feasible and beneficial, if the disease was controlled for an extended period (generally at least ten months) after initial radiotherapy. Several systemic drugs have some penetration into the blood brain barrier and may enhance control of brain metastases from breast cancer. These include capecitabine, lapatinib, anthracyclines, and cisplatin. While some other drugs have been used to treat primary brain tumors, their ability to control brain metastases of breast cancer origin has been disappointing ...
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/books/breast/management/metastatic-breast-cancer
NCORP :: Find a Study - Testing if High Dose Radiation Only to the Sites of Brain Cancer Compared to Whole Brain Radiation That...NCORP :: Find a Study - Testing if High Dose Radiation Only to the Sites of Brain Cancer Compared to Whole Brain Radiation That...
A national network of investigators, cancer care providers, and other institutions that brings cancer clinical trials and cancer care research to a persons own community.
https://ncorp.cancer.gov/find-a-study/find-a-study.php?id=NCT04804644
Clinical Trial: NCT03270176 - My Cancer Genome
Inclusion Criteria: Part A • With advanced solid malignancies who are not eligible for standard therapy or for whom standard therapy has failed Part B • With histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC of stage IIIB or IV (per 7th International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer classification) that has progressed after one line of platinum containing doublet chemotherapy Part A and B - Willingness and feasibility to provide a tumor biopsy sample both at screening and during treatment (If archived tumor material not older than 1 year is available, then the screening biopsy will not be performed). - Participants with prior radiation therapy must have measurable disease in non-irradiated sites or documented evidence of progression within the radiation field. - With known central nervous system (CNS) must have completed primary brain therapy (such as whole brain radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, or complete surgical resection) and must have remained clinically stable, ...
https://www.mycancergenome.org/content/clinical_trials/NCT03270176/
Prognostic Variables Affect How Brain Metastases Are Treated | Cancer Network | The Oncology JournalPrognostic Variables Affect How Brain Metastases Are Treated | Cancer Network | The Oncology Journal
HOUSTON--Controversy continues to shroud the issue of how single and multiple brain metastases should be treated, Moshe H. Maor, MD, said at a symposium on CNS cancer, sponsored by The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, where he is a radiation oncologist. 1
http://www.cancernetwork.com/articles/prognostic-variables-affect-how-brain-metastases-are-treated
Vanna Dest Discusses the Side Effects of Brain RadiationVanna Dest Discusses the Side Effects of Brain Radiation
Vanna Dest, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCN, Oncology Nurse Practitioner/Manager, Oncology APP, Yale-New Haven Hospital, discusses the side effects of treatment with brain radiation.
http://www.oncnursingnews.com/oncnurse-tv/Vanna-Dest-Discusses-the-Side-Effects-of-Brain-Radiation
CREATISCREATIS
CARR-13c]R. Soffietti, Kocher, M., Abacioglu, M., Villa, S., Fauchon, F., Baumert, G., Fariselli, L., Tzuk-Shina, T., Kortmann, R., Carrie, C., Benhassel, M., Kouri, M., Valeinis, E., van den Berge, D., Mueller, R., Tridello, G., Collette, L., and Bottomley, A., A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial of adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation in patients with one to three brain metastases from solid tumors after surgical resection or radiosurgery, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 65-72, 2013. ...
https://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/site7/en/view/biblio/years/2013?biblio_year=2013&page=1
Search Articles | University of Toronto Libraries
Purpose Hippocampal neural stem-cell injury during whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) may play a role in memory decline. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy can be ...
https://query.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/search/q?kw=SubjectTerms:Brain%20-%20radiation%20effects
Kedy chodíte spať? - Život - BIRDZ.SKKedy chodíte spať? - Život - BIRDZ.SK
keď chodím do školy alebo niekde ráno, tak sa snažím medzi 23:00 až 00:00 a keď nie, tak medzi 00:00 až 1:00 ale väčšinou keď mam na ďalší deň skúšku a musím sa učiť a nestíham tak potiahnem aj do druhej a vstávam o piatej káva a ideme sa učiť :D ...
http://birdz.sk/forum/kedy-chodite-spat/177864-tema.html/
Prophylactic cranial irradiationProphylactic cranial irradiation
1999). "Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial ... Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is a technique used to combat the occurrence of metastasis to the brain in highly ... 2007). "Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer". NEJM. 357 (7): 664-672. doi:10.1056/nejmoa071780 ... Lee, JJ (Aug 2006). "Decision analysis for prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer". J Clin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophylactic_cranial_irradiation
ChemotherapyChemotherapy
Al-Mohanna H, Al-Khenaizan S (2010). "Permanent alopecia following cranial irradiation in a child". Journal of Cutaneous ... Cyclophosphamide is a common cytotoxic drug used in this manner and is often used in conjunction with total body irradiation. ... "Pregnancies following high-dose cyclophosphamide with or without high-dose busulfan or total-body irradiation and bone marrow ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy
Causes of cancerCauses of cancer
Radiation-induced meningiomas are an uncommon complication of cranial irradiation. Some people, such as those with nevoid basal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer
Environmental enrichmentEnvironmental enrichment
"Environmental enrichment enhances neurogenesis and improves functional outcome after cranial irradiation". Eur. J. Neurosci. 25 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_enrichment
Radiation-induced cognitive declineRadiation-induced cognitive decline
Low dose cranial irradiation-induced cerebrovascular damage is reversible in mice. (All articles with unsourced statements, ... "Environmental enrichment enhances neurogenesis and improves functional outcome after cranial irradiation". European Journal of ... The 10 Gy radiation dosage is comparable to that used in irradiation therapy in humans. One month after the reception of the ... This decrease in neurogenesis is due to apoptosis of the neurons which usually occurs after irradiation. However it has not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-induced_cognitive_decline
Lung cancerLung cancer
Prophylactic cranial irradiation can also improve survival in those with limited stage disease. For stage I and stage II NSCLC ... Kabela M (1956). "[Experience with radical irradiation of bronchial cancer]" [Experience with radical irradiation of bronchial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer
Central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumorCentral nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor
It has also been presumed that the tumor can arise from cranial irradiation. Most children that develop primitive ... Physical examinations showing papilledema, visual field defects, cranial nerves palsy, dysphasia, and focal neurological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system_primitive_neuroectodermal_tumor
Limited-stage small cell lung carcinomaLimited-stage small cell lung carcinoma
... without prophylactic cranial irradiation. Administration of prophylactic cranial irradiation increased 3-year survival from ... thoracic irradiation, and prophylactic cranial irradiation. Up until the late 1960s, surgical resection remained as the ... Prophylactic cranial irradiation is found to be beneficial in decrease central nervous system recurrence and increase disease- ... February 2019). "Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Secondary Findings From ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-stage_small_cell_lung_carcinoma
Neuro-oncologyNeuro-oncology
Prior cranial irradiation is the only risk factor that definitely predisposes to brain tumor formation. Some of the risk ... Metastases to the skull base quickly become symptomatic because of their proximity to cranial nerves and vascular structures. ... anorexia and weight loss brain tumors in women of childbearing age central nervous system infections constipation cranial nerve ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-oncology
Side effects of radiotherapy on fertilitySide effects of radiotherapy on fertility
Whereas cranial irradiation will disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG-A), causing subsequent disruption of ... IR can have varying impacts which depend on many factors including age, irradiation field and treatment dose and duration. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_effects_of_radiotherapy_on_fertility
Wolfgang A. ToméWolfgang A. Tomé
... cranial radiation therapy techniques to alleviate hippocampal-dependent neurocognitive impairment following cranial irradiation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_A._Tomé
Joaquín Gómez MiraJoaquín Gómez Mira
Outcome of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation and Therapeutic Cranial Irradiation in Disseminated Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A ... Simultaneous Chemotherapy-Radiotherapy With Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation for Inoperable Adeno and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquín_Gómez_Mira
MedulloblastomaMedulloblastoma
... the impact of radiation on the cochlear and cardiovascular areas and reduces the cognitive late effects of cranial irradiation ... Soon after, the child will develop a stumbling gait, truncal ataxia, frequent falls, diplopia, papilledema, and sixth cranial ... Some evidence indicates that proton beam irradiation reduces ... the promising results with carboplatin during irradiation in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma
Growth hormone deficiencyGrowth hormone deficiency
... and adult-onset GHD is commonly due to pituitary tumours and their treatment or to cranial irradiation. A more complete list of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone_deficiency
Childhood leukemiaChildhood leukemia
The older aggressive treatment regimens with cranial irradiation and higher doses of anthracyclines (such as doxorubicin) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_leukemia
Small-cell carcinomaSmall-cell carcinoma
If complete response to chemotherapy occurs in a subject with SCLC, then prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is often used ... "patients who received chest radiation and prophylactic cranial irradiation along with a mean of five chemotherapy cycles could ... Another type of radiation, prophylactic cranial radiation, prevents central nervous system recurrence and can improve survival ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-cell_carcinoma
Decision analysisDecision analysis
... for prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_analysis
Perineural invasionPerineural invasion
PNS recurrence is rarely resectable, and repeated irradiation has greater toxic side effects and fewer benefits compared with ... although virtually any cranial nerve and its branches can provide a route for the PNS. Micrograph demonstrating perineural ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineural_invasion
Adjuvant therapyAdjuvant therapy
... if no adjuvant chemotherapy or craniospinal irradiation is used. Prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic ... and most experts agree that cranial irradiation decreases risk of central nervous system (CNS) relapse in ALL and possibly ... and adjuvant intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone may be just as effective as cranial irradiation, without severe late ... In completely resected medulloblastoma, 5-year survival rate is 85% if adjuvant chemotherapy and/or craniospinal irradiation is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjuvant_therapy
Combined small-cell lung carcinomaCombined small-cell lung carcinoma
For complete responders (patients in whom all evidence of disease disappears), prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_small-cell_lung_carcinoma
Index of oncology articlesIndex of oncology articles
... prophylactic cranial irradiation - prophylactic mastectomy - prophylactic oophorectomy - prophylactic surgery - prophylaxis - ... total nodal irradiation - total parenteral nutrition - total-body irradiation - TP-38 immunotoxin - tPA - TPA - trabecular ... fifth cranial nerve - filgrastim - filgrastim-SD/01 - finasteride - fine-needle aspiration - first-line therapy - FK463 - ... irradiation - irreversible toxicity - iseganan hydrochloride - ISIS 2503 - ISIS 3521 - ISIS 5132 - islet cell - islet cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles
PCIPCI
... a natural peptide usable for thrombolytic and cancer therapy Prophylactic cranial irradiation, a management option for certain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI
Choroid plexus carcinomaChoroid plexus carcinoma
In rare cases, metastases have been reported to spread to the abdomen and extra-cranial sites. Treatment of choroid plexus ... In the event of subtotal resection or widespread leptomeningeal disease, craniospinal irradiation is often used. Choroid plexus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid_plexus_carcinoma
Extramedullary hematopoiesisExtramedullary hematopoiesis
... peripheral and cranial nerves, and the spinal canal. During the postnatal period, the spleen becomes a frequent site of EMH ... or as a result of bone marrow irradiation. Thalassemia and its resultant hemolytic anemia is another important cause of ... peripheral and cranial nerves, the spinal canal, pre-sacral region, nasopharyngeal region, para-nasal sinuses and numerous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extramedullary_hematopoiesis
Metastatic breast cancerMetastatic breast cancer
... the extent of the extra-cranial metastatic disease, and the treatment applied). The mean 1-year survival is estimated at 20%. ... compared with surgery followed by whole brain-irradiation. Surgery tends to reduce symptoms quickly and prolong life, with an ... those with a controlled extra-cranial tumor, age less than 65 years and a favorable general performance (Karnofsky performance ... cognition and behavior ataxia cranial neuropathy, which may cause diplopia and Bell's palsy vomiting and nausea deficits in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastatic_breast_cancer
RadiosurgeryRadiosurgery
Betti, O.O. (1984). "Hyperselective Encephalic Irradiation with Linear Accelerator". Hyperselective encephalic irradiation with ... The principle of this instrument was to hit the intra-cranial target with narrow beams of radiation from multiple directions. ... The highly precise irradiation of targets within the brain and spine is planned using information from medical images that are ... They are then released toward the region to be treated in the patient's body, the irradiation target. In some machines, which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosurgery
Treatment of cancerTreatment of cancer
Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy, X-ray therapy, or irradiation) is the use of ionizing radiation to kill cancer ... Children who had received cranial radiotherapy are deemed at a high risk for academic failure and cognitive delay.[citation ... The treatment of some leukaemias and lymphomas requires the use of high-dose chemotherapy, and total body irradiation (TBI). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_cancer
Primary central nervous system lymphomaPrimary central nervous system lymphoma
Treatment with irradiation and corticosteroids often only produces a partial response and tumour recurs in more than 90% of ... A primary CNS lymphoma usually presents with seizure, headache, cranial nerve findings, altered mental status, or other focal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_central_nervous_system_lymphoma
Radiation therapyRadiation therapy
Total body irradiation (TBI) is a radiation therapy technique used to prepare the body to receive a bone marrow transplant. ... cranial nerve injury typically presents as a visual acuity loss 1-14 years post treatment. In the PNS, injury to the plexus ... This means that the irradiation only affects a very localized area - exposure to radiation of healthy tissues further away from ... and the naturally moist vaginal mucosa is often dry following pelvic irradiation. Lymphedema Lymphedema, a condition of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy
Proton therapyProton therapy
Cancers requiring craniospinal irradiation, for example, benefit from the absence of exit dose with proton therapy: dose to the ... "Fractionated Proton Radiation Therapy of Cranial and Intracrainial Tumors" Am. J. of Clinical Oncology 13(4):327-330 (1990). " ... Re-irradiation is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with locally recurrent head and neck cancer. In ... "Phase II Protocol of Proton Therapy for Partial Breast Irradiation in Early Stage Breast Cancer". ClinicalTrials.gov. August ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_therapy
Acute lymphoblastic leukemiaAcute lymphoblastic leukemia
Ingram LC, Fairclough DL, Furman WL, Sandlund JT, Kun LE, Rivera GK, Pui CH (May 1991). "Cranial nerve palsy in childhood acute ... total body irradiation). In the past, physicians commonly utilized radiation in the form of whole-brain radiation for central ... Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as cranial neuropathies due to meningeal infiltration are identified in less than 10 ... or cranial nerve palsies (CNS involvement) Frequent or unexplained fever and infection Weight loss and/or loss of appetite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia
Pediatric ependymomaPediatric ependymoma
... s most often occur in the posterior cranial fossa, in contrast with adult ependymomas which usually occur ... anaplastic ependymomas are the most aggressive ependymoma and neither total excision nor postoperative irradiation was found to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric_ependymoma
Lymphocytic choriomeningitisLymphocytic choriomeningitis
In addition, LCMV can also be inactivated by heat, ultraviolet light or gamma irradiation. Studies have indicated that human ... Under reported complications include myelitis, Guillain-Barré-type syndrome, cranial nerve palsies, transient or permanent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_choriomeningitis
OctreotideOctreotide
... or surgery or radiation to treat posterior cranial fossa tumors. With the VMH disabled and no longer responding to peripheral ... pituitary irradiation, and bromocriptine mesylate at maximally tolerated doses severe diarrhea/flushing episodes associated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octreotide
CT scanCT scan
ISBN 978-0-387-71070-9. Saleh, H; Kassas, B (2015). "Developing Stereotactic Frames for Cranial Treatment". In Benedict, SH; ... people reported that the increased incidence of cancer after CT scan exposure in this cohort was mostly due to irradiation. In ... and cranial bone can reach 2,000 HU. The attenuation of metallic implants depends on the atomic number of the element used: ... and cranial bone can reach 2,000 HU or more (os temporale) and can cause artifacts. The attenuation of metallic implants ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_scan
SenseSense
Via cranial and spinal nerves (nerves of the Central and Peripheral nervous systems that relay sensory information to and from ... This is consistent with the thin pit membrane, which allows incoming IR radiation to quickly and precisely warm a given ion ... These neurons are part of the facial and glossopharyngeal cranial nerves, as well as a component within the vagus nerve ... Neurotransmitters from the gustatory cells can activate sensory neurons in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus cranial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense
List of topics characterized as pseudoscienceList of topics characterized as pseudoscience
... in the 1970s as an offshoot of osteopathy in the cranial field, or cranial osteopathy, which was developed in the 1930s by ... Color therapy is distinct from other types of light therapy, such as neonatal jaundice treatment and blood irradiation therapy ... Cranial osteopathy has received a similar assessment, with one 1990 paper finding there was no scientific basis for any of the ... Ferré, J. C.; Chevalier, C.; Lumineau, J. P.; Barbin, J. Y. (1 September 1990). "Cranial osteopathy, delusion or reality?". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience
Vestibular schwannomaVestibular schwannoma
NF2 patients may develop other cranial and spine tumors. NF2 develops during the teens or early adulthood, whereas sporadic VSs ... "External stereotactic irradiation by linear accelerator". Neurosurgery. 16 (2): 154-160. doi:10.1227/00006123-198502000-00005. ... With multiple noninvasive management options available, the tolerance of cranial neuropathy in patients with small and medium- ... and the middle cranial fossa (incision in front of the ear to access the IAC from above). Tumor size is a major factor in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_schwannoma
Panoramic radiographPanoramic radiograph
pre and post operative Diagnosis of developmental anomalies such as cherubism, cleido cranial dysplasia Carcinoma in relation ... panoramic radiography in determining an increased risk of cervical atheromas in patients treated with therapeutic irradiation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic_radiograph
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumorAtypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
About 60% will be in the posterior cranial fossa (particularly the cerebellum). One review estimated 52% in the posterior fossa ... is based upon observations that children under three have significant long-term complications as a result of brain irradiation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor
Cancer and nauseaCancer and nausea
... half body irradiation and upper body irradiation Low risk: radiation of the cranium, spine, head and neck, lower thorax region ... These include fear, anticipation, brain trauma and increased intra-cranial pressure. Of particular relevance to cancer patients ... low and minimal risk depending on the site of irradiation: High risk: total body irradiation (TBI) is associated with a high ... 50 to 80% of people undergoing radiotherapy experience nausea and/or vomiting, depending on the site of irradiation. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_and_nausea
Lars LeksellLars Leksell
The first successful cranial application of stereotactic surgery in humans is credited to the team of Ernest Spiegel and Henry ... They conducted experiments with stereotactic high-energy proton irradiation in goats resulting in a seminal publication in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Leksell
Tonsil carcinomaTonsil carcinoma
The additional symptoms include a painful throat, dysphagia, otalgia (due to cranial nerve involvement), foreign body sensation ... Early radio-sensitive tumors are treated by radiotherapy along with irradiation of cervical nodes. The radiation uses high- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsil_carcinoma
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Lung Cancer PatientsProphylactic Cranial Irradiation in Lung Cancer Patients
Patients who received prophylactic cranial irradiation had fewer brain metastases but no advantage in overall or disease-free ... Cite this: Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Lung Cancer Patients Shows Definitive Benefits - Medscape - Aug 04, 2009. ... their intent was to show conclusively whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) improves survival in patients with ...
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/706930
Prolonged but reversible migraine-like episodes long after cranial irradiation | NeurologyProlonged but reversible migraine-like episodes long after cranial irradiation | Neurology
Prolonged but reversible migraine-like episodes long after cranial irradiation. Sonia Partap, Melanie Walker, W. T. Longstreth ... Prolonged but reversible migraine-like episodes long after cranial irradiation. Sonia Partap, Melanie Walker, W. T. Longstreth ... He was treated with cranial irradiation (5,580 cGy to the tumor given as 4,140 cGy whole-brain radiation therapy and 1,440 cGy ... The association of cranial irradiation with the development of migraine-like headaches without prolonged focal neurologic ...
https://n.neurology.org/content/66/7/1105?ijkey=90d4553223c8cd96785907b9a96d42c72c7cba9a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Optimal Strategy for Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer by Edward..."Optimal Strategy for Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer" by Edward...
"Optimal Strategy for Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer" Radiotherapy and Oncology (2012 ... Optimal Strategy for Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer ...
https://works.bepress.com/edwardyu/83/
Frontiers | The Prevention of Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Prophylactic Cranial IrradiationFrontiers | The Prevention of Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation
Preventing the development of BM through prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) may improve the outcome of these patients. ... Preventing the development of BM through prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) may improve the outcome of these patients. ... Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial ... The following keywords were used as search terms: "Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung," "NSCLC," "Cranial Irradiation," "Cranial ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2018.00241/full
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Lung Cancer Patients
Patients who received prophylactic cranial irradiation had fewer brain metastases but no advantage in overall or disease-free ... Cite this: Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Lung Cancer Patients Shows Definitive Benefits - Medscape - Aug 04, 2009. ... their intent was to show conclusively whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) improves survival in patients with ...
https://www.staging.medscape.com/viewarticle/706930
Cranial irradiation compromises neuronal architecture in the hippocampus • ZERO5GCranial irradiation compromises neuronal architecture in the hippocampus • ZERO5G
Cranial irradiation compromises neuronal architecture in the hippocampus. ZERO5G. Posted on November 11, 2020. by Jolie Diane. ... "Cranial irradiation is used routinely for the treatment of nearly all brain tumors, but may lead to progressive and ... Link To Full Document_Cranial irradiation compromises neuronal architecture in the hippocampus ...
https://zero5g.com/2020/cranial-irradiation-compromises-neuronal-architecture-in-the-hippocampus/
Defense Seminars - News & Events - Neuroscience Graduate Program - Doctor of Philosophy(Ph.D.) - Graduate Education - Education...Defense Seminars - News & Events - Neuroscience Graduate Program - Doctor of Philosophy(Ph.D.) - Graduate Education - Education...
Cranial irradiation-mediated dendritic spine loss is microglial complement receptor 3-dependent, sex-specific, and associated ...
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/education/graduate/phd/neurosciences/events/defense-seminars.aspx?start=01-01-2020&end=12-31-2020
IMSEAR at SEARO: Long-course versus short-course palliative cranial irradiation in brain metastases: a comparative study
Long-course versus short-course palliative cranial irradiation in brain metastases: a comparative study. International Journal ... Long-course versus short-course palliative cranial irradiation in brain metastases: a comparative study. ... 70 and lack of extra-cranial metastases were significantly associated with improved survival at the end of 12 months post WBRT ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/194475
Longitudinal brain changes associated with prophylactic cranial irradiation in lung cancer - Fingerprint - NYU Scholars
Longitudinal brain changes associated with prophylactic cranial irradiation in lung cancer. Marta Simó, Lucía Vaquero, Pablo ... Dive into the research topics of Longitudinal brain changes associated with prophylactic cranial irradiation in lung cancer. ...
https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/longitudinal-brain-changes-associated-with-prophylactic-cranial-i/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
The risk of radiation-induced neurocognitive impairment and the impact of sparing the hippocampus during pediatric proton...The risk of radiation-induced neurocognitive impairment and the impact of sparing the hippocampus during pediatric proton...
... neurocognitive impairment and the impact of sparing the hippocampus during pediatric proton cranial irradiation. ... We investigated the predicted risk of neurocognitive impairment of craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and the deliverability and ... Neurocognitive impairment; craniospinal irradiation; hippocampal avoidance; normal tissue complication probability; pediatric ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/resource/pt/mdl-36847433
Staged stereotactic irradiation for acoustic neuromaStaged stereotactic irradiation for acoustic neuroma
We hypothesize that such factors may further minimize injury of adjacent cranial nerves. In this retrospective study, we report ... Staged stereotactic irradiation for acoustic neuroma Neurosurgery. 2005 Jun;56(6):1254-61; discussion 1261-3. doi: 10.1227/01. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15918941/
Radiotherapy toxicity | Nature Reviews Disease PrimersRadiotherapy toxicity | Nature Reviews Disease Primers
This Primer summarizes the mechanisms by which normal tissues are affected by irradiation, the techniques to mitigate such ... The physiopathology of toxicity is dependent on many parameters, such as the location of irradiation or the functional status ... Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with lung cancer. Lancet Oncol. 17, e277-e293 (2016). ... Irradiation induces a biphasic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. Strahlenther. Onkol. 180, 442-448 (2004). ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-019-0064-5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b431b763-f73f-4057-ada8-584c98ede3ef
Radiation Necrosis: Background, Pathophysiology, EpidemiologyRadiation Necrosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Multifocal enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions following cranial irradiation. Ann Neurol. 1995 Aug. 38(2):237-44. [ ... Appraisal of re-irradiation for the recurrent glioblastoma in the era of MGMT promotor methylation. Radiat Oncol J. 2019 Mar. ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1157533-overview%E2%80%8B
Astrovirus MLB2, a New Gastroenteric Virus Associated with Meningitis and Disseminated Infection - Volume 22, Number 5-May 2016...
Thus, the patient underwent cranial irradiation beginning in July 2015. The patient then received a diagnosis of a second ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/5/15-1807_article
Radiation Oncology/Leukemia - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldRadiation Oncology/Leukemia - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
If cranial irradiation: lower overall marks (mean -0.24 on scale 4-10), and lower marks for all school subjects ... Therapeutic Cranial Irradiation -5% of those on initial presentation -CNS failure See appropriate protocol for chemotherapy ... Conclusion: Cranial irradiation impairs scholastic achievement; also chemo alone in females before school age ... CCG trials from 1971-78 used cranial RT + intrathecal MTX but no spinal RT. CSI was found to be more effective than cranial RT ...
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Leukemia
A trial looking at LY2940680 for small cell lung cancer | Cancer Research UKA trial looking at LY2940680 for small cell lung cancer | Cancer Research UK
This is called prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). And then they may talk to you about continuing with LY2940680 or the ...
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/find-a-clinical-trial/a-trial-looking-ly2940680-small-cell-lung-cancer
Pediatric Hypopituitarism: Background, Etiology, EpidemiologyPediatric Hypopituitarism: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology
Cranial irradiation and hemochromatosis can lead to hypopituitarism. Delayed presentation of pituitary hormone deficiencies ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/922410-overview
How Late Effects Of Cancer Treatment Can Affect Your Students Learning | KidsHealth NZHow Late Effects Of Cancer Treatment Can Affect Your Student's Learning | KidsHealth NZ
What is cranial irradiation and how could it affect my student with cancer?. Cranial irradiation is a type of radiation therapy ... What are some of the common learning difficulties after cranial irradiation?. Common difficulties include problems with:. * ... Children who have had cranial irradiation treatment may benefit from neuropsychological evaluation. Often the learning ... visual-spatial skills and mathematics are especially vulnerable to cranial irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. ...
https://kidshealth.org.nz/how-late-effects-cancer-treatment-can-affect-your-students-learning?language=ton
Genetic Variant Tied to Stroke After Brain Irradiation | MedPage TodayGenetic Variant Tied to Stroke After Brain Irradiation | MedPage Today
The findings may help inform treatment decisions for patients who require cranial irradiation, as reported at the American ... A cranial radiation dose-specific stroke risk was observed, with the strongest effect observed among those who received cranial ... more information is needed about the mechanisms involved in the relationship between cranial irradiation and stroke. Beyond ... "Cranial radiation-treated survivors of European ancestry who carry the risk allele ... are nearly three times more likely to ...
https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aacr/79032
AALL1922-Ponatinib-1501: A Study of Ponatinib With Chemotherapy in Children, Teenagers, and Adults With Philadelphia Chromosome...AALL1922-Ponatinib-1501: A Study of Ponatinib With Chemotherapy in Children, Teenagers, and Adults With Philadelphia Chromosome...
90 days must have passed if participant received prior total body irradiation or craniospinal or cranial radiotherapy. ...
https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/c/clinical-trials/studies/aall1922-ponatinib-1501
Michael Thorner | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystMichael Thorner | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Cranial irradiation and growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction: a critical appraisal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 May; 92( ... Preservation of growth hormone pulsatility despite pituitary pathology, surgery, and irradiation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 ... secretion in adult cancer survivors with severe GH deficiency acquired after brain irradiation in childhood for nonpituitary ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/192322
Search Clinical Trials | Froedtert & MCWSearch Clinical Trials | Froedtert & MCW
Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Limited StageSmall Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Limited Stage
People whose limited-stage SCLC responds to these treatments may also be offered prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) ... Neurotoxicity due to prophylactic cranial irradiation for small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis. Mol Clin Oncol. ...
https://www.verywellhealth.com/small-cell-lung-cancer-treatment-limited-stage-5235774
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors: a population-based clinical outcome | CMARAtypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors: a population-based clinical outcome | CMAR
... randomized to receive either standard dose cranial irradiation of 36 Gy (n=13) or reduced-dose cranial irradiation of 23.4 Gy ( ... The long-term effects of cranial irradiation on the central nervous system. Cancer. 1985;56:1841-1846. ... Conformal focal irradiation and proton radiotherapy have been successfully studied in young children with other forms of CNS ... This includes the direct, irradiation-induced gradual loss of glial cells in demyelination and inhibition of white matter ...
https://www.dovepress.com/atypical-teratoid-rhabdoid-tumors-a-population-based-clinical-outcomes-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CMAR
Advances in risk assessment and prophylaxis for central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |...Advances in risk assessment and prophylaxis for central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |...
Pui CH, Campana D, Pei D. Treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial irradiation. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360( ...
https://haematologica.org/article/view/8738
WHO EMRO | Cancer care for adolescents and young adults in Jordan | Volume 24, issue 7 | EMHJ volume 24, 2018
Cranial irradiation for childhood cancer appears to have the greatest influence on obesity in adult life. In a study reported ... whose treatment protocol included cranial irradiation, to 2565 adult siblings of childhood cancer survivors (34). The odds ...
http://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-24-2018/volume-24-issue-7/cancer-care-for-adolescents-and-young-adults-in-jordan.html
Pełny tekst: Funkcjonowanie nadnerczy u pacjentów pediatrycznych podczas leczenia onkologicznego i po jego zakończeniu, Barbara...Pełny tekst: Funkcjonowanie nadnerczy u pacjentów pediatrycznych podczas leczenia onkologicznego i po jego zakończeniu, Barbara...
ITT is particularly useful in the evaluation of HPAA after cranial irradiation. However, there are some limitations. To achieve ... Additionally, cells exposed to radiation may undergo necrosis or apoptosis [18]. During irradiation of neoplastic tissue in the ... and following conventional irradiation (30-50 Gy) for pituitary tumors [7]. In the study of Iersel the estimated prevalence for ... Patients with tumors located and/or had surgery performed near the HP region and those treated with an accumulative cranial ...
https://www.termedia.pl/Funkcjonowanie-nadnerczy-u-pacjentow-pediatrycznych-podczas-leczenia-onkologicznego-i-po-jego-zakonczeniu,138,47553,1,0.html
Neuro-Oncology Emergencies - EMCrit ProjectNeuro-Oncology Emergencies - EMCrit Project
SMART syndrome occurs months to decades after cranial irradiation. Symptoms may last for days to weeks, followed by resolution. ... Cranial neuropathies may result from impingement on the cavernous sinuses (that surround the pituitary). *Most commonly ... Neurosurgery may be needed to manage mass effect (if there is significant cranial neuropathy or vision loss). ...
https://emcrit.org/ibcc/onc/
Primary Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the Scalp with Cranial Invasion in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer - JCAD | The...Primary Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the Scalp with Cranial Invasion in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer - JCAD | The...
CA secondary to irradiation.1,3 The prognosis of CA is poor relative to that of other skin malignancies. Therefore, early ... Primary Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the Scalp with Cranial Invasion in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer. ... A cranial magnetic resonance imaging assessment showed invasion into the cranium by the CA, along with brain metastases from ...
https://jcadonline.com/primary-cutaneous-angiosarcoma-breast-cancer/
PublicationsPublications
Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small-cell lung cancer: findings from a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Pooled ... Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small-cell lung cancer: Findings from a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Pooled ...
https://www.mayo.edu/research/searchpublications/publications?authid=13039181
ProphylacticCraniospinal irradiationChemotherapyRadiotherapyPediatricPituitary irradiationTesticular irradiationTherapeuticNervesSurvivalPatientsRadiationDosesScalpMetastasesEtiologyCancerCerebralTumorBrainAcuteTreatmentSecondaryRiskChildrenCommonContentTotal
Prophylactic4
  • August 4, 2009 (San Francisco, California) - When researchers began the RTOG 0214 study in 2001, their intent was to show conclusively whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) improves survival in patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Lung Cancer Patients Shows Definitive Benefits - Medscape - Aug 04, 2009. (medscape.com)
  • Preventing the development of BM through prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) may improve the outcome of these patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • When follow-up examinations showed a risk of metastasis to the brain, prophylactic cranial irradiation was recommended. (usc.edu)
Craniospinal irradiation3
  • We investigated the predicted risk of neurocognitive impairment of craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and the deliverability and effects of hippocampal sparing. (bvsalud.org)
  • This effect was related to cranial and craniospinal irradiation, but not to age or duration of chemotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions: Clinicians should consider the increased risk of secondary tumors in long-term cancer survivors who received craniospinal irradiation as children. (elsevier.com)
Chemotherapy7
  • He was treated with cranial irradiation (5,580 cGy to the tumor given as 4,140 cGy whole-brain radiation therapy and 1,440 cGy boost to the tumor volume) and chemotherapy. (neurology.org)
  • Nonverbal skills such as abstract reasoning, visual-spatial skills and mathematics are especially vulnerable to cranial irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Cranial radiotherapy is used for a variety of brain tumors , either in isolation or in combination with concurrent chemotherapy. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Dr. Edward Halperin challenges the premise that the 'standard of care' treatment for malignant glioma patients, 6 weeks of cranial irradiation and nitrosourea chemotherapy, is appropriate for all patients. (cancernetwork.com)
  • In particular, he maintains, those with the most unfavorable prognosis-the elderly and impaired glioblastoma multiforme patients-may have an equivalent outcome when treated with a more cost-effective, shorter course of hypofractionated irradiation without chemotherapy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • This is the first multicenter trial demonstrating improved survival with the combination of chemotherapy plus RT compared with previous reports of RT alone, and high-dose methotrexate combined with cranial irradiation is an effective therapeutic approach to PCNSL, but neurotoxicity is a delayed risk of this approach. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Impairments of Attention Following Treatment With Cranial Irradiation and Chemotherapy in Children. (bvsalud.org)
Radiotherapy1
  • In the earlier days of cranial radiotherapy, where doses were poorly fractionated (e.g. individual doses of 10 Gy of gamma radiation) acute radiation-induced toxicity was frequent, occurring within mere hours of treatment, and resulting in fulminant symptoms and not infrequent death 4 . (radiopaedia.org)
Pediatric4
  • The risk of radiation-induced neurocognitive impairment and the impact of sparing the hippocampus during pediatric proton cranial irradiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • ATLANTA -- A genomic analysis of pediatric cancer survivors revealed a genetic abnormality that significantly increased the risk of stroke in patients who had cranial irradiation, according to research presented here. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Complications of cranial radiation therapy are fairly common, particularly in long-term survivors, and especially in pediatric patients. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Clinical signs are often nonspecific, and imaging is a critical step in evaluating the pediatric orbit, optic pathway, and cranial nerves that supply the orbital contents. (radiologykey.com)
Pituitary irradiation2
  • All survivors, and especially those who were exposed to thyroid or hypothalamic-pituitary irradiation had a higher risk of developing thyroid disorders with increasing age, including an underactive or overactive thyroid, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer as compared to siblings. (thyroid.org)
  • The risk for ovarian/testicular failure was increased in survivors exposed to ovarian/ testicular irradiation, hypothalamic/pituitary irradiation or cyclophosphamide, as compared with survivors without those exposures. (thyroid.org)
Testicular irradiation1
  • conditioning included CY 120 mg/kg and fTBI with an additional testicular irradiation (4 Gy). (elsevier.com)
Therapeutic1
  • After therapeutic irradiation of the head, the risk of developing a brain tumour is slightly increased after a long latency period. (krebsdaten.de)
Nerves4
  • He also worked closely with Dr. Peter Jannetta during Dr. Jennettas early research on vascular compression of the cranial nerves as a cause of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. (infiniteunknown.net)
  • The remaining 5 percent are distributed among the cranial and spinal meninges, cranial nerves and spinal cord. (krebsdaten.de)
  • High-resolution 3-T MR imaging helps characterize orbital and ocular soft-tissue lesions, permitting superior delineation of orbital soft tissues, cranial nerves, blood vessels, and blood flow and detection of intracranial extension of orbital disease. (radiologykey.com)
  • The ophthalmic artery and vein and cranial nerves enter the intraconal space through the annulus of Zinn. (radiologykey.com)
Survival2
  • On multivariate linear regression analysis, age ≤65 years, Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≥70 and lack of extra-cranial metastases were significantly associated with improved survival at the end of 12 months post WBRT. (who.int)
  • However, it disorders such as hypercalcaemia, urae- does not confirm that a long survival time mia and hyperviscosity or due to periph- might increase the prevalence, and a large eral neuro pathy, spinal cord compression series over several years might be needed to and cranial nerve infiltration [ 5 ]. (who.int)
Patients7
  • The authors describe three patients with prolonged but reversible episodes of severe headaches and focal neurologic deficits developing years after irradiation for cranial neoplasms. (neurology.org)
  • Headaches and focal neurologic findings in patients previously treated for cranial neoplasm raise concerns about recurrent tumor. (neurology.org)
  • We describe three such patients whose symptoms began years after treatment with cranial irradiation and in whom extensive evaluations ruled out tumor recurrence but suggested an unusual complication. (neurology.org)
  • The findings may help inform treatment decisions for patients who require cranial irradiation, as reported at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting. (medpagetoday.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate cognitive function and to determine neurocognitive assessment using a select CogState test battery in patients with primary intracranial malignancies receiving photon- or proton-based cranial irradiation with curative intent. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Growth impairment-SDS was statistically significant in the two irradiated groups (-0.7 ± 1.0 and -0.9 ± 1.0 delta-SDS in groups 2 and 3, respectively), more marked in patients who had had previous cranial irradiation. (elsevier.com)
  • Secondary tumors developed in 27 of 681 patients who received cranial irradiation. (elsevier.com)
Radiation6
  • Cranial irradiation is a type of radiation therapy for brain tumours and some high-risk forms of leukaemia. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • A cranial radiation dose-specific stroke risk was observed, with the strongest effect observed among those who received cranial radiation doses of 25 to 50 Gy. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Cranial radiation therapy, used to treat brain cancer or prevent brain metastasis, increases stroke risk in a dose-dependent manner. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Additional analyses showed that the variant had the strongest association with stroke in survivors who received cranial radiation doses of 25-50 Gy (OR 4.81, P =4.16 × 10 -4 ). (medpagetoday.com)
  • Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) (sometimes known as radiation toxicity or radiation sickness) is an acute illness caused by irradiation of the entire body (or most of the body) by a high dose of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time (usually a matter of minutes). (cdc.gov)
  • The extracted information includes bio-data, presenting symptoms, metastatic sites, and bone pain assessment before and after four weeks of PRT using visual analogue pain scale (VAS), radiation doses, fractionation numbers and number of re-irradiation. (bvsalud.org)
Doses1
  • Survivors treated with higher doses of cranial irradiation had an almost two-fold greater risk of obesity, while survivors who received abdominal irradiation or total body irradiaiton had an almost two-fold greater risk of diabetes as compared to survivors not exposed. (thyroid.org)
Scalp1
  • The Adamson-Kienbock protocol used X-irradiation of the scalp for epilation, and was a common treatment in the first decade of the 20th century (1). (europa.eu)
Metastases1
  • A cranial magnetic resonance imaging assessment showed invasion into the cranium by the CA, along with brain metastases from the breast cancer. (jcadonline.com)
Etiology1
  • Complications from irradiation are various and differ in their etiology and time at which they become apparent. (radiopaedia.org)
Cancer3
  • What is cranial irradiation and how could it affect my student with cancer? (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • RÉSUMÉ Le myélome multiple est un cancer systémique caractérisé par des cellules plasmatiques anormales, qui peut être traité par des agents chimiothérapeutiques et par irradiation, mais qui est rarement curable. (who.int)
  • Cancer diagnosis and treatment data, especially treatments known to affect the endocrine system, such as thyroid, hypothalamic/pituitary, testicular/ovarian, and total-body irradiation were retrieved from medical records. (thyroid.org)
Cerebral1
  • SMART' is an acronym for a newly recognized syndrome which occurs as a delayed consequence of cerebral irradiation and consists of prolonged, unilateral, migrainous neurological symptoms with transient, dramatic cortical gadolinium enhancement of the affected cerebral hemisphere and is sometimes punctuated by generalized seizures and ipsilateral EEG slowing. (nih.gov)
Tumor1
  • The mean age at diagnosis was 8.8 years (range, 3-16.5 years), the median dose of cranial irradiation was 52.5 Gy (mean, 53.4 Gy), the mean latency period was 14.6 years (range, 2-33 years), and the mean age at diagnosis of a secondary tumor was 23.1 years. (elsevier.com)
Brain3
  • Cranial irradiation is used routinely for the treatment of nearly all brain tumors, but may lead to progressive and debilitating impairments of cognitive function. (zero5g.com)
  • Although they are relatively common, particularly seen in whole brain irradiation, they are usually relatively well controlled or self-limiting. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Dr. Villasana received her BS in Biology from the University of Houston and her Ph.D. in Behavioral Neuroscience from Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) where she formed an interest in brain injury and recovery while studying the effects of cranial irradiation on cognitive function. (legacyhealth.org)
Acute1
  • Acute toxicity from cranial irradiation occurs within days or at most first few weeks of therapy. (radiopaedia.org)
Treatment1
  • Children who have had cranial irradiation treatment may benefit from neuropsychological evaluation. (kidshealth.org.nz)
Secondary1
Risk1
  • The physiopathology of toxicity is dependent on many parameters, such as the location of irradiation or the functional status of organs at risk. (nature.com)
Children1
  • We have established the Serbian Tinea Capitis Cohort, composed of more than 25 000 individuals exposed as children to X-irradiation of the head. (europa.eu)
Common2
  • What are some of the common learning difficulties after cranial irradiation? (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Investigators performed an analysis of common genetic variants and identified an association between a variant on the gene 5p15.33 and cranial irradiation-associated stroke. (medpagetoday.com)
Content1
  • Death likely is due to collapse of the circulatory system as well as increased pressure in the confining cranial vault as the result of increased fl uid content caused by edema, vasculitis, and meningitis. (cdc.gov)
Total1
  • conditioning included CY 120 mg/kg and 10-12 Gy fractionated total body irradiation (fTBI). (elsevier.com)
Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Management of CNS...
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Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Combination Chemotherapy, Chemotherapy Dose...
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Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Combination Chemotherapy, Chemotherapy Dose...
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Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Workup: Approach Considerations, Immunophenotyping, Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies
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Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
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Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Tumor Lysis Syndrome Treatment, Chemotherapy...
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Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology
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Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Workup: Approach Considerations, Routine Laboratory Studies, Thoracic Imaging Studies
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Pathologic Findings in Small Cell Bladder Carcinoma: Overview of Small Cell Bladder Cancer Pathology, Gross and Microscopic...
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Radiation Necrosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
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Radiotherapy toxicity | Nature Reviews Disease Primers
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A trial looking at LY2940680 for small cell lung cancer | Cancer Research UK
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How Late Effects Of Cancer Treatment Can Affect Your Student's Learning | KidsHealth NZ
How Late Effects Of Cancer Treatment Can Affect Your Student's Learning | KidsHealth NZ (kidshealth.org.nz)
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Treatment, Radiation Therapy
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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Treatment, Radiation Therapy
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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Treatment, Radiation Therapy
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Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Combination Chemotherapy, Chemotherapy Dose...
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