Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor like membrane protein. Medical search

An Ig superfamily transmembrane protein that localizes to junctional complexes that occur between ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and EPTHELIAL CELLS. The protein may play a role in cell-cell adhesion and is the primary site for the attachment of ADENOVIRUSES during infection.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can be associated with diseases of the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. Serotypes (named with Arabic numbers) have been grouped into species designated Human adenovirus A-F.

A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".

A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 36 serotypes. It is comprised of all the echoviruses and a few coxsackieviruses, including all of those previously named coxsackievirus B.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including HERPANGINA, aseptic meningitis (MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC), a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (PLEURODYNIA, EPIDEMIC) and a serious MYOCARDITIS.

Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.

Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.

The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A family of membrane glycoproteins localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS that contain two extracellular Ig-like domains, a single transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail of variable length.

Proteins transcribed from the E1A genome region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in positive regulation of transcription of the early genes of host infection.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures.

An acute, febrile, infectious disease generally occurring in epidemics. It is usually caused by coxsackieviruses B and sometimes by coxsackieviruses A; echoviruses; or other enteroviruses.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

An alpha integrin with a molecular weight of 160-kDa that is found in a variety of cell types. It undergoes posttranslational cleavage into a heavy and a light chain that are connected by disulfide bonds. Integrin alphaV can combine with several different beta subunits to form heterodimers that generally bind to RGD sequence-containing extracellular matrix proteins.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

Proteins encoded by adenoviruses that are synthesized prior to, and in the absence of, viral DNA replication. The proteins are involved in both positive and negative regulation of expression in viral and cellular genes, and also affect the stability of viral mRNA. Some are also involved in oncogenic transformation.

Proteins transcribed from the E1B region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in regulation of the levels of early and late viral gene expression.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Proteins transcribed from the E3 region of ADENOVIRUSES but not essential for viral replication. The E3 19K protein mediates adenovirus persistence by reducing the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on the surface of infected cells.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

Proteins transcribed from the E4 region of ADENOVIRUSES. The E4 19K protein transactivates transcription of the adenovirus E2F protein and complexes with it.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The very first viral gene products synthesized after cells are infected with adenovirus. The E1 region of the genome has been divided into two major transcriptional units, E1A and E1B, each expressing proteins of the same name (ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS and ADENOVIRUS E1B PROTEINS).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.

Receptors such as INTEGRIN ALPHAVBETA3 that bind VITRONECTIN with high affinity and play a role in cell migration. They also bind FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; osteopontin; and THROMBOSPONDINS.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Cell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved molecules from one side of the epithelial sheet to the other. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, p22)

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

An enterovirus infection of swine clinically indistinguishable from FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE, vesicular stomatitis, and VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE. It is caused by a strain of HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS B.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS that causes fever, edema, vomiting, and diarrhea in dogs and encephalitis in foxes. Epizootics have also been caused in bears, wolves, coyotes, and skunks. The official species name is Canine adenovirus and it contains two serotypes.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

The integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably controlled. This integration occurs as a result of homologous recombination.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A species of ENTEROVIRUS associated with outbreaks of aseptic meningitis (MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC).

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 11 serotypes, all coxsackieviruses.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

A plant species of the Astragalus genus which is source of Huang qi preparation used in TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Proteins transcribed from the E2 region of ADENOVIRUSES. Several of these are required for viral DNA replication.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Porins are protein molecules that were originally found in the outer membrane of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and that form multi-meric channels for the passive DIFFUSION of WATER; IONS; or other small molecules. Porins are present in bacterial CELL WALLS, as well as in plant, fungal, mammalian and other vertebrate CELL MEMBRANES and MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects MAMMALS including humans and causes a wide range of diseases. The type species is Human adenovirus C (see ADENOVIRUSES, HUMAN).

A mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet. It is caused by coxsackieviruses A.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The two lipoprotein layers in the MITOCHONDRION. The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT PROTEINS to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many ENZYMES important to cell METABOLISM and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE).

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing neurological disease in pigs.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects birds. The type species is FOWL ADENOVIRUS A.

A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.

Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The type species of the genus AVIADENOVIRUS, family ADENOVIRIDAE, an oncogenic virus of birds. This is also called CELO virus for chick embryo lethal orphan virus.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Infectious disease processes, including meningitis, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders, caused by echoviruses.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A calicivirus infection of swine characterized by hydropic degeneration of the oral and cutaneous epithelia.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Cell membranes associated with synapses. Both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are included along with their integral or tightly associated specializations for the release or reception of transmitters.

Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Species of ENTEROVIRUS causing mild to severe neurological diseases among pigs especially in Eastern Europe. Mild strains are also present in Canada, U.S., and Australia. Specific species include Porcine enterovirus A and Porcine enterovirus B.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Ubiquitously expressed integral membrane glycoproteins found in the LYSOSOME.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

A family of small RNA viruses comprising some important pathogens of humans and animals. Transmission usually occurs mechanically. There are nine genera: APHTHOVIRUS; CARDIOVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS; ERBOVIRUS; HEPATOVIRUS; KOBUVIRUS; PARECHOVIRUS; RHINOVIRUS; and TESCHOVIRUS.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.

Use of attenuated VIRUSES as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to selectively kill CANCER cells.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

Tumor-selective, replication competent VIRUSES that have antineoplastic effects. This is achieved by producing cytotoxicity-enhancing proteins and/or eliciting an antitumor immune response. They are genetically engineered so that they can replicate in CANCER cells but not in normal cells, and are used in ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)

Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

Rhodopsins found in the PURPLE MEMBRANE of halophilic archaea such as HALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM. Bacteriorhodopsins function as an energy transducers, converting light energy into electrochemical energy via PROTON PUMPS.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

Vaccines used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS. They include inactivated (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED) and oral vaccines (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL).

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Basolateral localization of fiber receptors limits adenovirus infection from the apical surface of airway epithelia. (1/298)

Recent identification of two receptors for the adenovirus fiber protein, coxsackie B and adenovirus type 2 and 5 receptor (CAR), and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I alpha-2 domain allows the molecular basis of adenoviral infection to be investigated. Earlier work has shown that human airway epithelia are resistant to infection by adenovirus. Therefore, we examined the expression and localization of CAR and MHC Class I in an in vitro model of well differentiated, ciliated human airway epithelia. We found that airway epithelia express CAR and MHC Class I. However, neither receptor was present in the apical membrane; instead, both were polarized to the basolateral membrane. These findings explain the relative resistance to adenovirus infection from the apical surface. In contrast, when the virus was applied to the basolateral surface, gene transfer was much more efficient because of an interaction of adenovirus fiber with its receptors. In addition, when the integrity of the tight junctions was transiently disrupted, apically applied adenovirus gained access to the basolateral surface and enhanced gene transfer. These data suggest that the receptors required for efficient infection are not available on the apical surface, and interventions that allow access to the basolateral space where fiber receptors are located increase gene transfer efficiency. (+info)

The human HLA-A*0201 allele, expressed in hamster cells, is not a high-affinity receptor for adenovirus type 5 fiber. (2/298)

The coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alpha2 domain have been identified as high-affinity cell receptors for adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) fiber. In this study we show that CAR but not MHC class I allele HLA-A*0201 binds to Ad5 with high affinity when expressed on hamster cells. When both receptors are coexpressed on the cell surface of hamster cells, Ad5 fiber bind to a single high-affinity receptor, which is CAR. (+info)

Maturation of dendritic cells accompanies high-efficiency gene transfer by a CD40-targeted adenoviral vector. (3/298)

Important therapeutic applications of genetically modified dendritic cells (DC) have been proposed; however, current vector systems have demonstrated only limited gene delivery efficacy to this cell type. By means of bispecific Abs, we have dramatically enhanced gene transfer to monocyte derived DC (MDDC) by retargeting adenoviral (Ad) vectors to a marker expressed on DC, CD40. Adenovirus targeted to CD40 demonstrated dramatic improvements in gene transfer relative to untargeted Ad vectors. Fundamental to the novelty of this system is the capacity of the vector itself to modulate the immunological status of the MDDC. This vector induces DC maturation as demonstrated phenotypically by increased expression of CD83, MHC, and costimulatory molecules, as well as functionally by production of IL-12 and an enhanced allostimulatory capacity in a MLR. In comparing this vector to other Ad-based gene transfer systems, we have illustrated that the features of DC maturation are not a function of the Ad particle, but rather a consequence of targeting to the CD40 marker. This vector approach may thus mediate not only high-efficiency gene delivery but also serve a proactive role in DC activation that could ultimately strengthen the utility of this vector for immunotherapy strategies. (+info)

Fibroblast growth factor 2 retargeted adenovirus has redirected cellular tropism: evidence for reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor activity in mice. (4/298)

Adenovirus (Ad) have been used as vectors to deliver genes to a wide variety of tissues. Despite achieving high expression levels in vivo, Ad vectors display normal tissue toxicity, transient expression, and antivector immune responses that limit therapeutic potential. To circumvent these problems, several retargeting strategies to abrogate native tropism and redirect Ad uptake through defined receptors have been attempted. Despite success in cell culture, in vivo results have generally not shown sufficient selectivity for target tissues. We have previously identified (C. K. Goldman et al., Cancer Res., 57: 1447-1451, 1997) the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligand and receptor families as conferring sufficient specificity and binding affinity to be useful for targeting DNA in vivo. In the present studies, we retargeted Ad using basic FGF (FGF2) as a targeting ligand. Cellular uptake is redirected through high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs) and not the more ubiquitous lower-affinity Ad receptors. Initial in vitro experiments demonstrated a 10- to 100-fold increase in gene expression in numerous FGFR positive (FGFR+) cell lines using FGF2-Ad when compared with Ad. To determine whether increased selectivity could be detected in vivo, FGF2-Ad was administered i.v. to normal mice. FGF2-Ad demonstrates markedly decreased hepatic toxicity and liver transgene expression compared with Ad treatment. Importantly, FGF2-Ad encoding the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene transduces Ad-resistant FGFR+ tumor cells both ex vivo and in vivo, which results in substantially enhanced survival (180-260%) when the prodrug ganciclovir is administered. Because FGFRs are up-regulated on many types of malignant or injured cells, this broadly useful method to redirect native Ad tropism and to increase the potency of gene expression may offer significant therapeutic advantages. (+info)

Molecular determinants of adenovirus serotype 5 fibre binding to its cellular receptor CAR. (5/298)

Adenovirus (Ad) tropism is mediated in part through the fibre protein. The common coxsackie B virus and Ad receptor (CAR) was recently identified as the major receptor for subgroup C Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) and serotype 2 (Ad2) fibres. Effects of mutations in the Ad5 fibre gene were studied to assess domains of the fibre capsomer that could alter virus tropism without altering virus assembly and replication. All mutants that accumulated as fibre monomers failed to assemble with a penton base and proved lethal for Ad5 which suggests that the absence of infectious virions resulted in part from a defect in fibre penton base assembly. Cell binding capacity of all fibre mutants was investigated in cell binding competition experiments with adenovirions using CHO-CAR cells (CHO cells that have been transfected with CAR cDNA and express functional CAR). The results suggest that the R-sheet of the Ad5 fibre knob monomer contains binding motifs for CAR and that beta-strands E and F, or a region close to them, may also be involved in receptor recognition. (+info)

Expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells: regulation in response to cell density. (6/298)

Primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express the human coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (HCAR). Whereas HCAR expression in HeLa cells was constant with respect to cell density, HCAR expression in HUVEC increased with culture confluence. HCAR expression in HUVEC was not quantitatively altered by infection with coxsackievirus B. (+info)

Picornavirus receptor down-regulation by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2. (7/298)

Therapeutic interference with virus-cell surface receptor interactions represents a viable antiviral strategy. Here we demonstrate that cytoplasmic expression of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2), affords a high level of protection from lytic infection by multiple human picornaviruses. The antiviral action of PAI-2 was mediated primarily through transcriptional down-regulation of the following virus receptors: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, a cellular receptor for the major group of rhinoviruses), decay-accelerating factor (a cellular receptor for echoviruses and coxsackieviruses), and to a lesser extent the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor protein (a cellular receptor for group B coxsackieviruses and group C adenoviruses). Expression of related cell surface receptors, including membrane cofactor protein and the poliovirus receptor, remained unaffected. These findings suggest that PAI-2 and/or related serpins may form the basis of novel antiviral strategies against picornavirus infections and also therapeutic interventions against ICAM-1-mediated respiratory inflammation. (+info)

Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependent and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-independent uptake of recombinant adenoviruses into human tumour cells. (8/298)

The role of two receptors, previously proposed to mediate the entry of adenoviruses into human cells, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain has been investigated. The expression of MHC class I in many tumours is reduced or absent, therefore if this were a means by which adenoviruses gained entry into cells, it would have important implications for their application in cancer treatment. In order to determine if MHC class I heavy chain is involved in adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) uptake, the binding of recombinant Ad5 fibre knob domain (which mediates viral attachment) to human cell lines that had greatly different levels of surface MHC class I was studied. We also created derivatives of a non-permissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that expressed human class I (HLA-A2) and found that these cells did not bind fibre or take up virus. In addition, the extracellular domain of CAR was expressed in E. coli and used to generate a polyclonal anti-CAR antibody. This antibody blocked both 125I labelled fibre knob binding and virus uptake. Thus CAR, and not MHC class I, is a receptor for human adenoviruses in cultured tumour cells. Tissue CAR levels may therefore be an important factor in the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy. (+info)

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. CAR ... "Adenovirus serotype 30 fiber does not mediate transduction via the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor". Journal of Virology. 76 (2 ... CAR is a receptor for both Coxsackie B virus and adenovirus 2 and 5, which are structurally distinct. In patients with ... Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackievirus_and_adenovirus_receptor

... by Adhesive Interactions between Epithelial Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor and a Junctional Adhesion Molecule-like Protein ... It is composed of two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a membrane-spanning region, and a cytoplasmic tail involved in ... A known ligand of JAML is Coxsackie virus and Adenovirus Receptor (CXADR in humans and CAR in mice) which has been shown to ... by adhesive interactions between epithelial coxsackie and adenovirus receptor and a junctional adhesion molecule-like protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAML

CAR (coxsackie and adenovirus receptor) also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, same like JAM proteins. CAR is ... Plaque proteins are molecules, that are required for the coordination of signals coming from the plasma membrane. In recent ... This domain contains PDZ-binding motif, that facilitate to bind them to the PDZ membrane proteins, like a ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, ... The tetraspan membrane protein is established by two extracellular loops, two extracellular domains and one short intracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction_proteins

Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), VSIG, ESAM Nectins and related proteins, including CADM1 and other Synaptic Cell ... The Ig domains are then followed by Fibronectin type III domain repeats and IgSFs are anchored to the membrane by a GPI moiety ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Protein pages needing a picture, Cell adhesion molecules) ... protein), CHL1, Neurofascin and NrCAM SIGLEC family including Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG, SIGLEC-4), CD22 and CD83 CTX ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgSF_CAM

"Study of Coxsackie B viruses interactions with Coxsackie Adenovirus receptor and Decay-Accelerating Factor using Human CaCo-2 ... The ER membrane moves to surround the genome and proteins, at which point the procapsid attaches to the exterior of the vesicle ... Riabi, 2014) When VP1 binds to the Coxsackie-Adenovirus receptor (CAR), which can be found on heart muscle cells as well as ... Coxsackie B4 virus is able to infect the brain and spinal cord and cause inflammation. Infection due to Coxsackie B viruses can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackie_B4_virus

... is mediated by coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on ... Coxsackie A virus causes paralysis and death of the mice, with extensive skeletal muscle necrosis; Coxsackie B causes less ... Other researchers found this interference can be mediated by a substance produced by the host animal, a protein now known as ... In general, group A coxsackieviruses tend to infect the skin and mucous membranes, causing herpangina; acute hemorrhagic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackievirus

... sCAR-Fc prevents the virus entering the cell by competitively binding to coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptors (CAR) on the ... internal capsid protein, VP4. This irreversible reaction prevents the virus from interacting with cellular receptors (CAR) on ... located in tight junctions on cell membranes. Once inside the cytoplasm, the virus can use the host's ribosomal machinery to ... September 2005). "Inhibition of coxsackie B virus infection by soluble forms of its receptors: binding affinities, altered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCAR-Fc

Coxsackie B, specifically B3 and B5, has been found to interact with coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and decay- ... Myocardial inflammation can be suspected on the basis of elevated inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), ... In people with myocarditis severe enough to cause cardiac arrest, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to ... Viral: adenovirus, parvovirus B19, coxsackie virus, rubella virus, polio virus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocarditis

... whose binding to host cells is initiated by interactions between the cellular coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), ... and the knob domain of the adenovirus coat protein trimer. CAR is necessary for adenovirus infection. Although expressed widely ... "Oncolytic Group B Adenovirus Enadenotucirev Mediates Non-apoptotic Cell Death with Membrane Disruption and Release of ... For adenovirus replication to occur, the host cell must be induced into S phase by viral proteins interfering with cell cycle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncolytic_adenovirus

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein D12.776.543.750.925.124 D12.776.543.750.830.124 D12.776.543.984.600.500 ... Receptor Aggregation G4.299.780 G4.774 Receptor Cross-Talk G4.299.785 G4.794 Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases D12.776.543.750. ... Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1 D12.776.476.24.412.100 D12.776.476.24.410.100 Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2 ... Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 D12.776.157.57.04.750 D12.776.157.57.06.750 Receptor-Interacting Protein ...

https://decs.bvs.br/E/mnchg2017.txt

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein, Genetic Therapy, Humans, Osteosarcoma/metabolism, Receptors, Virus/ ... T1 - Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression on primary osteosarcoma specimens and implications for gene therapy with ... Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression on primary osteosarcoma specimens and implications for gene therapy with ... Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression on primary osteosarcoma specimens and implications for gene therapy with ...

https://research.vumc.nl/en/publications/coxsackievirus-and-adenovirus-receptor-expression-on-primary-oste

Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor Like Membrane Protein Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor Receptor, ... Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor. Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor Like Membrane Protein. Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor. Receptor ... CAR (Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor) CAR Like Membrane Protein CAR-Like Membrane Protein CXADR Like Membrane Protein CXADR-Like ... CAR (Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor). CAR Like Membrane Protein. CAR-Like Membrane Protein. CXADR Like Membrane Protein. CXADR- ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=54963

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein 21% * FITC-annexin A5 8% ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/improved-anti-tumor-therapy-based-upon-infectivity-enhanced-adeno/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2017.txt

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2017.txt

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2017.txt

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2017.txt

... objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor-like membrane protein (CLMP) in ... The G protein-coupled receptors, GPR43 (free fatty acid receptor 2, FFA2) and GPR41 (free fatty acid receptor 3, FFA3), are ... The leukocyte Ig-like receptor subfamily B (LILRB) proteins and the related receptor LAIR1 are immune checkpoint receptors that ... Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteína de Membrana Semelhante a Receptor de Coxsackie e Adenovirus/ ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/?lang=pt&q=mh:Leuc%C3%B3citos/metabolismo

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein. *Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 ... The Fiber Knob Protein of Human Adenovirus Type 49 Mediates Highly Efficient and Promiscuous Infection of Cancer Cell Lines ... SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression in small intestine correlates with age. Amino Acids. 2020 Jul; 52(6-7):1063-1065. ... "Receptors, Virus" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ...

https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/222699

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein. Proteína de Membrana Semelhante a Receptor de Coxsackie e Adenovirus. ... Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein. Proteína de Membrana Semelhante a Receptor de Coxsackie e Adenovirus. ... Proteína de la Membrana Similar al Receptor de Coxsackie y Adenovirus. Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I. Proteína ... Proteína de la Membrana Similar al Receptor de Coxsackie y Adenovirus. Fungal Polysaccharides. Polissacarídeos Fúngicos. ...

https://decs2015.bvsalud.org/I/new_2013.htm

https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/I/new_2013.htm

https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/I/new_2013.htm

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein. *Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 ... An Ig domain-containing membrane receptor for HEPATITIS A VIRUS; EBOLA VIRUS; MARBURG VIRUS; and DENGUE VIRUS. It may also ... Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1*Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1" by people in this ...

https://profiles.jefferson.edu/display/19838336

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein [D12.776.395.550.200.537.500] Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like ... Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein [D12.776.543.550.200.537.500] Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like ... Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein [D12.776.543.940.600.500] Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like ... Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein [D23.050.301.350.537.500] Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=54962

Human CLMP(Coxsackie And Adenovirus Receptor Like Membrane Protein) ELISA Kit. *Human CFHR5(Complement Factor H Related Protein ... Mouse GPER(G Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1) ELISA Kit. *Human MAP1LC3a(Microtubule Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 ... Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein Binding Protein B3) ELISA Kit. *Rat APPBP2(Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein Binding Protein 2) ... Cattle BMPR1A(Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A) ELISA Kit. *Rat ZP2(Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 2, Sperm Receptor) ELISA ...

https://www.operatiebrp.nl/human-cfhr5complement-factor-h-related-protein-5-elisa-kit/

All these processes involve the participation of cellular proteins, mitochondrial proteins, and virus specific proteins. This ... Others modulate the permeability transition pore and either prevent or induce the release of the apoptotic proteins from the ... hijack the host mitochondrial proteins to function fully inside the host cell. ... Some viruses encode the Bcl2 homologues to counter the proapoptotic functions of the cellular and mitochondrial proteins. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/av/2013/738794/

... lipid and protein metabolism, generation of energy and growth. Among the positional candidate genes selected for feed ... One functional candidate gene have been selected in the window on BTA1 at 18 Mb; coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR ... 42] the protein degradation and protein turnover contribute to variation on RFI, and genes involved in these processes are good ... On BTA7 at 28 Mb two genes with biological function related to weight gain have been annotated; membrane-associated ring finger ...

https://bmcgenomdata.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12863-014-0100-0

https://www.operatiebrp.nl/tag/intoxication-defense/

Hemoglobin level was 104 g/L, and platelet count was 296 x 109 cells/L. The C-reactive protein level was normal at 4 mg/L. ... Ecological behavior of 6 coxsackie B and 29 echo serotypes as revealed by serologic survey of general population in Aomori, ... Results of physical examination were otherwise normal, with no lung rales, normal tympanic membranes, and no rash. Leukocyte ... for adenoviruses and parainfluenza viruses 1-3. Results of all rapid antigenic tests were negative, and the NPA was inoculated ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/1/04-0606_article

Coxsackie A24 from one case and an untyped adenovirus from another case. Two of the EV71 viruses were isolated in 2001 from AFP ... The ELISA test is capable of detecting minor amino acid changes to the antigenic regions within the poliovirus capsid protein. ... Inactivated viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) is immobilised on nylon membranes and individually tested with two digoxigenin- ... a mouse fibroblast line with a stable genetic integration of the poliovirus receptor.7 Other cell lines, including RD-A (human ...

https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-pubs-cdi-2002-cdi2603-htm-cdi2603f.htm

This review will highlight the major vector platforms that are currently in development (including adenoviruses, reoviruses, ... which include cell surface proteins, membrane proteins, and nucleic acids) are released following cell death and can serve as ... Steinwaerder DS, Carlson CA, Lieber A (2001) Human papilloma virus E6 and E7 proteins support DNA replication of adenoviruses ... This coxsackie vector is the twenty-first serotype from Group A and has not been modified with any deletions or transgene ...

https://clintransmed.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40169-018-0214-5

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/1/04-0606

The induction of the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and the complement deflecting protein decay accelerating factor (DAF, ... Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the support of infants, children, and young adults with acute myocarditis: a review of ... 11] coxsackie B, adenovirus, influenza, cytomegalovirus, poliomyelitis, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV-1, viral hepatitis, mumps, ... Erythrocyte sedimentation rate level (and that of other acute phase reactants [eg, C-reactive protein]) ...

http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/156330-overview

... reduced pH within hypoxic tumours but could circumvent the necessity for viral entry via the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor ... specific inhibition of endogenous miR-142-3p in CAD cells raises D1 receptor protein levels and enhances D1 receptor mediated- ... EVs are submicron spherical membrane destined buildings, that are generated by different prokaryotic (referred to as membrane ... particular inhibition of endogenous miR-142-3p in CAD cells boosts D1 receptor proteins amounts and enhances D1 receptor ...

http://www.health-e-nc.org

... we neutralized the mice that had the coxsackie A type 1 and passed their tissues into other mice and we isolated the coxsackie ... Of course nothing much came of that because they never established that adenoviruses were ever a cause of human cancer, but in ... the combination of amino acids and minerals and also I think he threw in a little protein, calf serum of various types. So, ... showed that the placentas of birth membranes also were heavily laden, so this was another factor; this accounted for infection ...

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Beeman%2C+Edward+S.+2004

Upper airway expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for the coronavirus spike protein, increases with ... Coxsackie B, for example, is the most widely studied cause of viral myocarditis, but is primarily a gut virus that spreads ... But now rhinoviruses-and increasingly other common viruses, like adenoviruses and RSV-are putting more strain on that system. ... LA is also needed to maintain cell membranes in the lungs so that we can breathe properly. ...

https://dailycovid19post.com/2020/09/22/coronavirus-update-9-22/

coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor. 0.011. PRLHR. prolactin releasing hormone receptor. 0.011. ... solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3, Diego blood group). 0.011. ... natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor A). 0.015. ... TAF4 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 135kDa. 0.020. ...

http://imp.princeton.edu/predictions/process/human-context-global/4504/?gene=14820

Human CXADR(Coxsackie Virus And Adenovirus Receptor) ELISA Kit. *Human CYCS(Cytochrome C, Somatic) ELISA Kit ... Human EPB42(Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.2) ELISA Kit. *Human EPHA4(Ephrin Type A Receptor 4) ELISA Kit ... Human PTPRQ(Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Q) ELISA Kit. *Human PTPRS(Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type S ... GABA-A Receptor Associated Protein Like Protein 2) ELISA Kit. *Human GABPa(GA Binding Protein Transcription Factor Alpha) ELISA ...

https://myelisakit.com/human-alppl2alkaline-phosphatase-placental-like-protein-2-elisa-kit/

Human CXADR(Coxsackie Virus And Adenovirus Receptor) ELISA Kit. *Human CYCS(Cytochrome C, Somatic) ELISA Kit ... Human EPB42(Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.2) ELISA Kit. *Human EPHA4(Ephrin Type A Receptor 4) ELISA Kit ... Human PTPRQ(Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Q) ELISA Kit. *Human PTPRS(Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type S ... Human PTPRQ(Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Q) ELISA Kit. *Human PTPRS(Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type S ...

https://wildpalm.net/tag/recombinant-proteins-examples/

Proteins destined to mitochondria have either internally localized [ 28 ] or amino terminal localized [ 21 ] presequences known as mitochondria/matrix localization signals (MLS), which can be 10-80 amino acid long with predominantly positively charged amino acids. (hindawi.com)

A family of membrane glycoproteins localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS that contain two extracellular Ig-like domains, a single transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail of variable length. (bvsalud.org)

Because of the infant's tachypnea, a nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was obtained for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen testing (Test Pack, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) and direct immunofluorescence assays (Bartels, Carlsbad, CA) for adenoviruses and parainfluenza viruses 1-3. (cdc.gov)

Receptors, Virus" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (operatiebrp.nl)

Some viruses encode the Bcl2 homologues to counter the proapoptotic functions of the cellular and mitochondrial proteins. (hindawi.com)
Viruses like Herpes simplex virus 1 deplete the host mitochondrial DNA and some, like human immunodeficiency virus, hijack the host mitochondrial proteins to function fully inside the host cell. (hindawi.com)
This review will highlight the major vector platforms that are currently in development (including adenoviruses, reoviruses, vaccinia viruses, herpesviruses, and coxsackieviruses) and how they are combined with checkpoint inhibitors. (springeropen.com)

An Ig superfamily transmembrane protein that localizes to junctional complexes that occur between ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and EPTHELIAL CELLS . (bvsalud.org)
Further filtering involved molecular studies: of the five candidates, C2CD4B and IRF1 consistently demonstrated extended induction in IL-1ß- or TNF-α-activated retinal endothelial cells and demonstrated a significant decrease in both ICAM-1 transcript and ICAM-1 membrane-bound protein expression by cytokine-activated retinal endothelial cells following treatment with small interfering RNA. (bvsalud.org)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Receptors, Virus" by people in this website by year, and whether "Receptors, Virus" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptors, Virus" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
All these processes involve the participation of cellular proteins, mitochondrial proteins, and virus specific proteins. (hindawi.com)

The QTL regions described in this study harbor genes with biological functions related to metabolic processes, lipid and protein metabolism, generation of energy and growth. (biomedcentral.com)

Others modulate the permeability transition pore and either prevent or induce the release of the apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria. (hindawi.com)
This increased permeability aids in the movement of proteins and white blood cells to the site of injury. (benwhite.com)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Protein Kinase, AMP Activated Alpha 1 (PRKAa1) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse Protein Kinase, AMP Activated Alpha 1 (PRKAa1) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (therabio.org)

Al-Saleem J, Dirksen WP, Martinez MP, Shkriabai N, Kvaratskhelia M, Ratner L, Green PL. HTLV-1 Tax-1 interacts with SNX27 to regulate cellular localization of the HTLV-1 receptor molecule, GLUT1. (ucdenver.edu)
The combination of these presequences with adjacent regions determines the localization of a protein in respective mitochondrial compartments. (hindawi.com)

The protein may play a role in cell-cell adhesion and is the primary site for the attachment of ADENOVIRUSES during infection. (bvsalud.org)
The Fiber Knob Protein of Human Adenovirus Type 49 Mediates Highly Efficient and Promiscuous Infection of Cancer Cell Lines Using a Novel Cell Entry Mechanism. (ucdenver.edu)

SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression in small intestine correlates with age. (ucdenver.edu)

Leukocyte count was 4.5 x 10 9 cells/L (30% neutrophils, 0% band forms, 60% lymphocytes), hemoglobin level was 123 g/L, and platelet count was 166 x 10 9 cells/L. C-reactive protein was undetectable. (cdc.gov)

Although the majority of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA and imported into the mitochondria (reviewed by [ 21 , 28 - 31 ]), mitochondria synthesize few proteins that are essential for their respiratory function [ 1 , 27 ]. (hindawi.com)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Complement Factor H Related Protein 5 (CFHR5) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Alkaline Phosphatase, Placental Like Protein 2 (ALPPL2) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (myelisakit.com)

The movement of water through membranes is suggested to be controlled by aquaporins channel protein [ 22 , 23 ] though a report suggested otherwise [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)

A few years later in 2014, the FDA approved nivolumab and pembrolizumab (both monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death receptor 1 [PD-1]) for the treatment of advanced melanoma [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)

This is the most common pathologic type of myocarditis and is most frequently of viral etiology, mainly Coxsackievirus B and adenoviruses [ rx , rx ]. (endinglines.com)
Coxsackie B (also written coxsackievirus B) is a group of six types of enterovirus belonging to the Picornaviridae family. (me-pedia.org)
In a mouse model of myocarditis , Coxsackievirus infection was found to upregulate Toll-like receptor 4 on mast cells and macrophages immediately following infection. (me-pedia.org)
Coxsackievirus B3 cleaves Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein and Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta TRIF to inhibit type I interferon induction and evade host immunity . (me-pedia.org)
Coxsackievirus B3 cleaves Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein to inhibit type I interferon induction. (me-pedia.org)

Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor, CXADR (CAR) is a member of the tight junction protein (TJP also known as JAM) family of adhesion receptor and located on a cytoplasmic membrane surface of intercellular tight junctions. (reproduction-abstracts.org)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat C-Myc Binding Protein (MYCBP) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 1B (HSPA1B) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (operatiebrp.nl)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Guanylate Binding Protein 1, Interferon Inducible (GBP1) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (myelisakit.com)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Guanylate Binding Protein 1, Interferon Inducible (GBP1). (myelisakit.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Lysyl Oxidase Like Protein 3 (LOXL3) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Lysyl Oxidase Like Protein 3 (LOXL3) in samples from Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (therabio.org)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing Protein 7 (BIRC7) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (therabio.org)
Subacute - defined by an increase in autoimmune-mediated injury with activated T cells and B cells and subsequent antibody production creating cardiac autoantibodies along with inflammatory proteins. (endinglines.com)

There is increasing evidence that chemokines and their receptors play a role in the pathogenesis of NHL with increased chemokine receptor expression seen in certain subtypes. (gla.ac.uk)
the roles of 1- vs. 2-receptors in the pathogenesis of clinical cardiomyopathy, we and others have taken advantage of several well-characterized murine models of cardiovascular disease. (a-443654.com)

The induction of interferon signaling and the induction of apoptosis are required for normal control of a Coxsackie B3 infection . (me-pedia.org)
Recent research claim that 2-receptors can activate both cardiostimulatory (Gs) along with cardioinhibitory (Gi) pathways (17), and crosstalk with pathways regulating gene transcription and cardiac redecorating (hypertrophy, apoptosis) (18, 19). (a-443654.com)

Top 50 cell surface or membrane-bound proteins and receptors as candidate molecular signatures for prostate cancer imaging prioritized by normalized fold change value. (medscape.com)
6. Role of adaptor proteins and clathrin in the trafficking of human kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) to the cell surface. (nih.gov)

The majority of viral gastrointestinal illnesses are caused by rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. (frontiersin.org)

IgA clearly functions in binding to antigens, toxins, foreign proteins, and microorganisms to inhibit penetration of the intestinal epithelium ( 5 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

Adenovirus serotype 14 is a serovar of adenovirus which, unlike other adenovirus serovars, is known to cause potentially fatal adenovirus infections. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses. (lookformedical.com)

Consequently, most immune cells are optimized to recognize, phagocytose, process, and then respond to motifs present on microorganisms and have receptors that are "tuned" to the ratios typically present on these organisms. (justia.com)

In addition to adhesion molecules, endothelial receptors will be discussed, which stimulate signaling processes that provide junction stability by modulating the actomyosin system, which reinforces tension of circumferential actin and dampens pulling forces of radial stress fibers. (frontiersin.org)

Membrane proteins, such as CD99 and CD99L2 were omitted since they are selectively involved in leukocyte extravasation, but not in junction stability. (frontiersin.org)
Leukocyte count was 4.5 x 10 9 cells/L (30% neutrophils, 0% band forms, 60% lymphocytes), hemoglobin level was 123 g/L, and platelet count was 166 x 10 9 cells/L. C-reactive protein was undetectable. (cdc.gov)

A cell adhesion protein that is found within TIGHT JUNCTIONS of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and on the CELL MEMBRANE surface of circulating PLATELETS. (uams.edu)

Petra has a PhD in medical microbiology and her research has previously been devoted to the construction and evaluation of adenovirus vectors for vaccine development and human cancer gene therapy. (gu.se)

[7] Conversely, upregulation of MAVS inhibits Coxsackie B3 by increasing type-1 interferon production. (me-pedia.org)

This approach requires the redirection of adenoviral tropism from the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and through CCR7. (gla.ac.uk)
It was demonstrated that this cell line expressed CCR7, and finally after a number of modifications, it was shown that adenoviral tropism could be redirected through chemokine receptors on the surface of these cells. (gla.ac.uk)

Should the Human C-Myc Binding Protein (MYCBP) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement. (operatiebrp.nl)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human C-Myc Binding Protein (MYCBP) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates. (myelisakit.com)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Bone morphogenetic protein 8B (BMP8B) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (wildpalm.net)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Bone morphogenetic protein 8B(BMP8B) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (wildpalm.net)
In a pioneering research in human beings, Bristow and co-workers demonstrated that 1-receptors had been downregulated by 60% in failing individual hearts explanted during transplantation (11). (a-443654.com)

Coxsackie B3 is found in 20-25% of patients with cardiomyopathy and myocarditis . (me-pedia.org)
Several studies of a mouse model of Coxsackie B3 myocarditis have found that exercise increases the virulence of the infection and results in poorer outcomes. (me-pedia.org)

This thesis describes studies to examine the relationship between constitutive chemokine receptor expression and NHL subtype with subsequent correlation between chemokine receptor expression and outcome. (gla.ac.uk)
These research show that -receptor regulation of the total amount between cardioprotection and cardiotoxicity is certainly even more complicated than previously valued: the function of every -receptor subtype can GS-9973 kinase inhibitor vary greatly according to the particular cardiac stressor included (electronic.g. (a-443654.com)

1. Basolateral Sorting of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter Is Mediated by Adaptor Protein 1 Clathrin Adaptor Complexes. (nih.gov)
5. The AP-1A and AP-1B clathrin adaptor complexes define biochemically and functionally distinct membrane domains. (nih.gov)
9. The epithelial-specific adaptor AP1B mediates post-endocytic recycling to the basolateral membrane. (nih.gov)
11. Quantitative proteomics of MDCK cells identify unrecognized roles of clathrin adaptor AP-1 in polarized distribution of surface proteins. (nih.gov)

Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. (lookformedical.com)

12. Basolateral sorting of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor through interaction of a canonical YXXPhi motif with the clathrin adaptors AP-1A and AP-1B. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, the remodeling ramifications of -receptor signaling possess a temporal element, based on whether a cardiac tension is acute versus. (a-443654.com)
If -receptor downregulation was a reason behind cardiac dysfunction, after that restoring receptor density on track should rescue the failing cardiovascular. (a-443654.com)
Regardless of the lack of both essential cardiac -adrenergic receptors, these mice created regular hearts, had regular resting cardiac physiology and had been even in a position to exercise along with normal handles. (a-443654.com)
Downregulation occurs because of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues on intracellular domains of the -receptor by proteins kinase A, the same essential enzyme involved with improving cardiac function. (a-443654.com)

adrenergic receptor blockers have demonstrated significant survival benefit and also have become standard therapy for adults with dilated cardiomyopathy, although their efficacy in pediatric patients is still unproven. (a-443654.com)

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat C Myc binding protein(MYCBP) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Known also as Guanylate Binding Protein 1, Interferon Inducible elisa. (myelisakit.com)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Heat Shock 70kDa Protein 1B from Cattle in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
This Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8b ELISA kit is validated to work with samples from whole blood, serum, plasma and cell culture supernatant. (wildpalm.net)

In this report, the antiviral action of PGA was found to be associated with specific alterations of viral protein synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Chemokines are a family of low-molecular weight proteins that mediate their effects through binding with chemokine receptors (a group of seven trans-membrane spanning G-protein coupled receptors). (gla.ac.uk)
This began the present day molecular period of -receptor signaling analysis in heart failing and sparked a debate concerning whether -receptor downregulation was pathogenic in cardiovascular failing or whether it had been component of a homeostatic procedure to safeguard the cardiovascular against catecholamine overload. (a-443654.com)

The protein may play a role in cell-cell adhesion and is the primary site for the attachment of ADENOVIRUSES during infection. (bvsalud.org)

The uncleaved protein contained three highly hydrophobic regions: (i) the amino-terminal signal peptide, (ii) the amino-terminal region of F 1 and (iii) the carboxy-terminal membrane anchorage domain. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Another system involved in receptor desensitization, and one that does not require agonist activation, is usually mediated by G-protein receptor kinase (GRK), which leads to the recruitment to the cell membrane of -arrestin along with a group of signaling molecules including mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). (a-443654.com)
receptors also contain regions on their carboxyl terminus known as PDZ domain-binding motifs, which participate in the binding of additional signaling molecules, such as AKAP79, and lead to additional crosstalk, e.g. with protein kinase C, another important group of enzymes involved in control of both function and remodeling (21, 22). (a-443654.com)

The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball. (lookformedical.com)
the density of receptors on the cellular surface decreased, resulting in an attenuation of their activity (and therefore explaining the scientific phenomenon referred to as tachyphylaxis) (10). (a-443654.com)
Furthermore, the procedure of downregulation, at first considered to result just in removal of energetic receptor from the cellular surface, is currently comprehended to also be considered a system for cellular signaling (18, 20). (a-443654.com)

The commonly used methods and techniques of disinfection for viral inactivation in water comprise physical disinfection such as membrane filtration, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and conventional chemical processes such as chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone among others. (researchgate.net)

Shown here is a model of helical domains in myoglobin (protein linked to kidney damage in rhabdomyolysis). (medscape.com)

Results from studies on clinical samples obtained from patients with a range of B-cell NHL subtypes revealed significant differences in chemokine receptor expression between subtypes. (gla.ac.uk)

From NCBI Gene: The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackieviruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. (nih.gov)

13. The PDZ protein SCRIB regulates sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression at the basolateral plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
The high expression of CCR7 in MCL and CLL/SLL does however make this receptor an ideal target for the development of targeted therapies. (gla.ac.uk)
Initial research using transgenic mice where -receptor expression was elevated 50 to 200-fold appeared to support this hypothesis, as baseline contractility was improved dramatically in comparison to controls (12). (a-443654.com)

The basic structure of the viral particle includes the DNA or RNA genome in a protein coat, or capsid. (bio-connect.nl)

Further helping the hypothesis that -receptor downregulation had not been the reason for heart failing, we totally deleted both 1 and 2-adrenergic receptors in the mouse using gene knockout technology (14C16). (a-443654.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms26

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs57

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes37

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Health Care1

Basolateral localization of fiber receptors limits adenovirus infection from the apical surface of airway epithelia. (1/298)

The human HLA-A*0201 allele, expressed in hamster cells, is not a high-affinity receptor for adenovirus type 5 fiber. (2/298)

Maturation of dendritic cells accompanies high-efficiency gene transfer by a CD40-targeted adenoviral vector. (3/298)

Fibroblast growth factor 2 retargeted adenovirus has redirected cellular tropism: evidence for reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor activity in mice. (4/298)

Molecular determinants of adenovirus serotype 5 fibre binding to its cellular receptor CAR. (5/298)

Expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells: regulation in response to cell density. (6/298)

Picornavirus receptor down-regulation by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2. (7/298)

Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependent and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-independent uptake of recombinant adenoviruses into human tumour cells. (8/298)

Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein

Receptors, Virus

Adenoviruses, Human

Enterovirus

Enterovirus B, Human

Adenoviridae

Coxsackievirus Infections

Adenoviridae Infections

Membrane Proteins

Genetic Vectors

Gene Transfer Techniques

Adenovirus Infections, Human

Transduction, Genetic

Capsid Proteins

Genetic Therapy

Cell Membrane

Junctional Adhesion Molecules

Adenovirus E1A Proteins

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Membranes

Pleurodynia, Epidemic

Intracellular Membranes

Membrane Lipids

Cell Line

Integrin alphaV

Amino Acid Sequence

CHO Cells

Adenovirus Early Proteins

Adenovirus E1B Proteins

Cricetinae

Adenovirus E3 Proteins

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Myocarditis

Capsid

Adenovirus E4 Proteins

Membrane Potentials

HeLa Cells

Membranes, Artificial

Antigens, CD55

Erythrocyte Membrane

Enterovirus Infections

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Protein Binding

Transfection

Adenovirus E1 Proteins

Cells, Cultured

Membrane Fluidity

Receptors, Vitronectin

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Base Sequence

Luminescent Proteins

Antigens, CD46

Cell Line, Tumor

Virus Replication

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Membrane Transport Proteins

Tight Junctions

Cell Membrane Permeability

Swine Vesicular Disease

Protein Transport

Membrane Glycoproteins

Basement Membrane

Adenoviruses, Canine

Escherichia coli

Mice, Nude

Bacterial Proteins

Transgenes

Detergents

Lipid Bilayers

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Gene Expression

Pericarditis

Epithelial Cells

Gene Targeting

Mutation

RNA, Messenger

Echovirus 9

Microscopy, Electron

Molecular Weight