Coxiella
Coxiella burnetii
Q Fever
Goats
Complement Fixation Tests
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Rickettsia
Zoonoses
Rickettsia rickettsii
Blotting, Southwestern
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Survival of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in acidified vacuoles of murine macrophages. (1/167)
Despite the antimicrobial mechanisms of vertebrate phagocytes, mycobacteria can survive within the phagosomes of these cells. These organisms use various strategies to evade destruction, including inhibition of acidification of the phagosome and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion. In contrast to mycobacteria, Coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of Q fever, inhabits a spacious acidified intracellular vacuole which is prone to fusion with other vacuoles of the host cell, including phagosomes containing mycobacteria. The Coxiella-infected cell thus provides a unique model for investigating the survival of mycobacteria in an acidified phagosome-like compartment. In the present study, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were infected with either Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium tuberculosis and then coinfected with C. burnetii. We observed that the majority of phagocytosed mycobacteria colocalized to the C. burnetii-containing vacuole, which maintained its acidic properties. In coinfected macrophages, the growth of M. avium was not impaired following fusion with the acidified vacuole. In contrast, the growth rate of M. tuberculosis was reduced in acidified vacuoles. These results suggest that although both species of mycobacteria inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion, they may be differentially susceptible to the toxic effects of the acidic environment in the mature phagolysosome. (+info)Infectivity, transmission and 16S rRNA sequencing of a rickettsia, Coxiella cheraxi sp. nov., from the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. (2/167)
A rickettsia-like organism isolated from infected, farm-reared Cherax quadricarinatus was cultured in the yolk sac of developing chicken eggs, but could not be cultured in 3 continuous cell lines, bluegill fry (BF-2), fathead minnow (FHM), and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9). The organism was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates as the aetiological agent of mortalities amongst C. quadricarinatus. When C. quadricarinatus was inoculated with the organism, mortality was 100% at 28 degrees C and 80% at an ambient temperature of 24 degrees C. Horizontal transmission with food and via the waterborne route was demonstrated, but mortalities were lower at 30 and 10% respectively over a 4 wk period. The 16S rRNA sequence of 1325 base pairs of the Gram-negative, obligate intracellular organism was 95.6% homologous to Coxiella burnetii. Of 18 species compared to this rickettsia, the next most closely related bacterium was Legionella pneumophila at 86.7%. The suggested classification of this organism is Order Rickettsiales, family Rickettsiaceae, tribe Rickettsieae, within the genus Coxiella. We suggest it should be named Coxiella cheraxi sp. nov. (+info)Detection of long-term cellular immunity to Coxiella burneti as assayed by lymphocyte transformation. (3/167)
Delayed hypersensitivity to the antigens of Coxiella burneti, Nine Mile strain, was demonstrated in human subjects with various past histories of exposure to the organism by using lymphocyte transformation assays. Individuals with histories indicating exposure to C. burneti up to 8 years before the study demonstrated marked lymphocyte transformation in vitro to whole-cell antigens consisting of formalin-killed C. burneti phase I and phase II. These individuals also demonstrated a marked lymphocyte response to the trichloracetic acid-soluable phase I antigen. One individual who acquired Q fever during the study and one individual who received an experimental Q fever vaccine 4 years earlier were also evaluated by the lymphocyte transformation assay. It was also found that phase I trichloroacetic acid-soluble material was capable of acting as an antigen in the assay, whereas the phase II trichloroacetic acid-soluble material did not contain any antigenic material capable of causing lymphocyte transformation. The complete phase I trichloroacetic acid-soluble antigen, which was found to consist of protein and carbohydrate, was chemically fractionated into monospecific fractions. The fraction treated to eliminate carbohydrate was the only fraction found to elicit an in vitro response. (+info)Changes in buoyant density relationships of two cell types of Coxiella burneti phase I. (4/167)
Coxiella burneti phase I, purified from a formalin-inactivated yolk-sac vaccine, was separated into two bands of morphologically distinct cell types when subjected to sucrose gradient centrifugation. Recycling of the less dense, rod-shaped cells in unbuffered sucrose gradients (pH 5.5 to 6.0) resulted in the formation of bands having the location and appearance of the original two bands. Recycling of the denser band of larger ovoid-shaped cells yielded a single band, suggesting that the larger cell type arose from the smaller cell. In contrast to vaccine-derived rickettsiae, live, cell culture-propagated phase I organisms formed a single band in unbuffered sucrose gradients, at the same density as the upper band of the vaccine preparation. Centrifugation of cell culture-derived rickettsiae for 26 to 48 h in sucrose gradients of pH 5.5 resulted in the formation of a second band, at the same density as the lower band of the vaccine preparation. This did not occur in gradients of pH 7.0. Treatment of cell culture-propagated rickettsiae with formalin or germicidal ultraviolet radiation induced a total shift of the less dense cell population to a zone of higher density when centrifuged isopycnically in CsC1 gradients. This density change did not occur in sucrose gradients, suggesting a difference in the effect of these treatments on the permeability of the cell membrane to sucrose and CsC1. (+info)Glomerulonephritis associated with Coxiella burnetii endocarditis. (5/167)
A patient with endocarditis associated with chronic Coxiella burnetii infection is described in whom glomerulonephritis developed with granular deposits containing immunoglobulins and complement in the glomeruli. The serum was notable for the variety of circulating antibodies detected, which included antibodies directed against native DNA. (+info)Studies on the physiology of Rickettsiae. IV. Folic acids of Coxiella burnetii. (6/167)
Mattheis, Martha S. (University of Kansas, Lawrence), M. Silverman, and D. Paretsky. Studies on the physiology of rickettsiae. IV. Folic acids of Coxiella burnetii. J. Bacteriol. 85:37-41. 1963.-Yolk, yolk sac, and embryo tissues of uninfected eggs, and those infected with Coxiella burnetii, were analyzed for folic acid derivatives by employing diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose column chromatography. Infected tissues contained quantitatively less folate, but the elution profiles of both infected and uninfected tissues were identical. Purified C. burnetii contained some types of folate apparently unique to these rickettsiae, and not found in infected tissue. The major folate fraction of C. burnetii was partially characterized by (i) elution position from DEAE columns; (ii) treatment with conjugase; (iii) growth response by Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis R, and Pediococcus cerevisiae; and (iv) response to oxidation, reduction, and formylation. (+info)CONVERSION OF THE PHASE I ANTIGEN OF COXIELLA BURNETII TO HAPTEN BY PHENOL TREATMENT. (7/167)
Anacker, R. L. (Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont.), W. T. Haskins, D. B. Lackman, E. Ribi, and E. G. Pickens. Conversion of the phase I antigen of Coxiella burnetii to hapten by phenol treatment. J. Bacteriol. 85:1165-1170. 1963.-Trichloroacetic acid extracts of Coxiella burnetii are converted to hapten by treatment with phenol. Such extracts react, like the original trichloroacetic acid extract, at high dilution in the complement-fixation test and produce zones of precipitate with specific antibody in gel diffusion tests; but, unlike the parent extract, injection of the phenol-treated extract neither induces resistance to challenge in guinea pigs nor antibody formation in guinea pigs, rabbits, or mice. This loss of antigenicity is correlated with removal of protein from the original product. (+info)STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF RICKETTSIAE. V. METABOLISM OF CARBAMYL PHOSPHATE BY COXIELLA BURNETII. (8/167)
Mallavia, L. (University of Kansas, Lawrence) and D. Paretsky. Studies on the physiology of rickettsiae. V. Metabolism of carbamyl phosphate by Coxiella burnetii. J. Bacteriol. 86:232-238. 1963.-Preparations of disrupted Coxiella burnetii catalyze synthesis of citrulline from ornithine and carbamyl phosphate at an optimal pH of 7.0 to 7.5. Rickettsial synthesis of the pyrimidine precursor, ureidosuccinate, is demonstrated and confirmed by isolating C(14)-labeled ureidosuccinate from reaction mixtures of carbamyl phosphate and labeled aspartate. The data suggest a further rickettsial synthesis of orotate and imply rickettsial competence for host-independent pyrimidine synthesis. (+info)'Coxiella' is a genus of intracellular bacteria that includes the species C. burnetii, which is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and animals. These bacteria are known for their ability to survive and replicate within host cells by avoiding lysosomal degradation and manipulating the host cell's signaling pathways. C. burnetii infection can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to severe pneumonia or hepatitis. It is typically transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or their environments, such as inhalation of contaminated dust or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.
Coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative, intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever, a zoonotic disease with various clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to acute and chronic forms. The bacterium is highly infectious and can be transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated aerosols or direct contact with infected animals or their products. C. burnetii has a unique ability to survive and replicate within host cells, particularly within phagocytic vacuoles, by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion and altering the intracellular environment to promote its survival.
The bacterium exhibits a biphasic developmental cycle, consisting of small cell variants (SCVs) and large cell variants (LCVs). SCVs are metabolically inactive and highly resistant to environmental stressors, including heat, desiccation, and disinfectants. LCVs, on the other hand, are metabolically active and undergo replication within host cells. C. burnetii can form persistent infections, which may contribute to chronic Q fever and its associated complications, such as endocarditis and vascular infection.
Q fever is a worldwide distributed disease, with a higher incidence in rural areas where livestock farming is prevalent. The primary reservoirs for C. burnetii are domestic animals, including cattle, sheep, and goats, although wild animals and arthropods can also serve as potential hosts. Effective antibiotic treatment options for Q fever include doxycycline and fluoroquinolones, while vaccination with the phase I whole-cell vaccine is available in some countries to prevent infection in high-risk populations.
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. It is characterized by acute or chronic flu-like symptoms, pneumonia, and hepatitis. The bacteria are primarily transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols from infected animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Q fever can also be transmitted through consumption of unpasteurized milk or direct contact with infected animals. It is often asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in animals but can cause severe disease in humans.
The acute form of Q fever typically presents with sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, fatigue, muscle pain, and cough. Some patients may also develop pneumonia or hepatitis. The chronic form of the disease is less common but more serious, often affecting people with compromised immune systems. Chronic Q fever can lead to endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Diagnosis of Q fever typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, serological testing, and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or fluoroquinolones for several weeks to months, depending on the severity and duration of the illness. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with infected animals, wearing protective clothing and masks when handling animal products, and pasteurizing milk before consumption.
I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Goat diseases" refers to illnesses that affect goats specifically. It does not mean diseases that are caused by goats or related to them in some way. Here are some examples of goat diseases:
1. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): A viral disease that affects goats, causing arthritis, pneumonia, and sometimes encephalitis.
2. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A bacterial disease that causes abscesses in the lymph nodes of goats.
3. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP): A contagious respiratory disease caused by mycoplasma bacteria.
4. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.
5. Pasteurellosis: A bacterial disease that can cause pneumonia, septicemia, and other infections in goats.
6. Salmonellosis: A bacterial disease caused by Salmonella bacteria, which can cause diarrhea, fever, and septicemia in goats.
7. Soremouth (Orf): A viral disease that causes sores and scabs around the mouth and nose of goats.
These are just a few examples of diseases that can affect goats. If you have any specific questions about goat health or diseases, I would recommend consulting with a veterinarian who specializes in small ruminants.
Bacterial antibodies are a type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection caused by bacteria. These antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the bacterial cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Bacterial antibodies can be classified into several types based on their structure and function, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and provide immunity to future infections with the same bacteria.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "goats" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. It is a common noun referring to the domesticated animal species Capra aegagrus hircus. If you have any questions about a specific medical condition or term, please provide that and I would be happy to help.
I'm happy to help, but I want to clarify that the term "sheep diseases" refers to a wide range of health issues that can affect sheep populations. It's not a single medical condition with a specific definition. Here are some examples of common diseases that can affect sheep:
1. Ovine Johne's Disease (OJD): A chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the intestines and can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and death.
2. Footrot: A highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the feet of sheep, causing lameness, swelling, and pain. It's caused by the bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus.
3. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It affects the lymph nodes and can cause abscesses, weight loss, and death.
4. Contagious Ecthyma (Orf): A highly contagious viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes of sheep, causing sores and lesions.
5. Mastitis: An inflammation of the mammary gland in sheep, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It can cause decreased milk production, fever, and loss of appetite.
6. Pneumonia: A respiratory infection that can affect sheep, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by various bacteria or viruses.
7. Enterotoxemia: A potentially fatal disease caused by the overproduction of toxins in the intestines of sheep, usually due to a bacterial infection with Clostridium perfringens.
8. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM): A neurological disorder that affects the brain of sheep, causing symptoms such as blindness, circling, and seizures. It's often caused by a thiamine deficiency or excessive sulfur intake.
9. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can affect sheep, causing abortion, stillbirth, and neurological symptoms.
10. Blue tongue: A viral disease that affects sheep, causing fever, respiratory distress, and mouth ulcers. It's transmitted by insect vectors and is often associated with climate change.
Complement fixation tests are a type of laboratory test used in immunology and serology to detect the presence of antibodies in a patient's serum. These tests are based on the principle of complement activation, which is a part of the immune response. The complement system consists of a group of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body.
In a complement fixation test, the patient's serum is mixed with a known antigen and complement proteins. If the patient has antibodies against the antigen, they will bind to it and activate the complement system. This results in the consumption or "fixation" of the complement proteins, which are no longer available to participate in a secondary reaction.
A second step involves adding a fresh source of complement proteins and a dye-labeled antibody that recognizes a specific component of the complement system. If complement was fixed during the first step, it will not be available for this secondary reaction, and the dye-labeled antibody will remain unbound. Conversely, if no antibodies were present in the patient's serum, the complement proteins would still be available for the second reaction, leading to the binding of the dye-labeled antibody.
The mixture is then examined under a microscope or using a spectrophotometer to determine whether the dye-labeled antibody has bound. If it has not, this indicates that the patient's serum contains antibodies specific to the antigen used in the test, and a positive result is recorded.
Complement fixation tests have been widely used for the diagnosis of various infectious diseases, such as syphilis, measles, and influenza. However, they have largely been replaced by more modern serological techniques, like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), due to their increased sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use.
Bacterial endocarditis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and infection of the inner layer of the heart, known as the endocardium. This infection typically occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and attach themselves to damaged or abnormal heart valves or other parts of the endocardium. The bacteria can then multiply and cause the formation of vegetations, which are clusters of infected tissue that can further damage the heart valves and lead to serious complications such as heart failure, stroke, or even death if left untreated.
Bacterial endocarditis is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention. Risk factors for developing bacterial endocarditis include pre-existing heart conditions such as congenital heart defects, artificial heart valves, previous history of endocarditis, or other conditions that damage the heart valves. Intravenous drug use is also a significant risk factor for this condition.
Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis may include fever, chills, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a new or changing heart murmur. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood cultures, and imaging tests such as echocardiography. Treatment usually involves several weeks of intravenous antibiotics to eradicate the infection, and in some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Rickettsia is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites. They are the etiologic agents of several important human diseases, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, and scrub typhus. Rickettsia are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected arthropods, such as ticks, fleas, and lice. Once inside a host cell, Rickettsia manipulate the host cell's cytoskeleton and membrane-trafficking machinery to gain entry and replicate within the host cell's cytoplasm. They can cause significant damage to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels, leading to vasculitis, tissue necrosis, and potentially fatal outcomes if not promptly diagnosed and treated with appropriate antibiotics.
'Rickettsia typhi' is a species of intracellular bacterium that causes typhus fever, also known as endemic typhus. This disease is typically transmitted to humans through the feces of infected lice or fleas. The bacteria enter the host's cells, including endothelial cells, and multiply within them, causing a spectrum of symptoms such as high fever, headache, muscle pain, rash, and sometimes pneumonia or meningoencephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are crucial to prevent severe complications and death.
I. Definition:
An abortion in a veterinary context refers to the intentional or unintentional termination of pregnancy in a non-human animal before the fetus is capable of surviving outside of the uterus. This can occur spontaneously (known as a miscarriage) or be induced through medical intervention (induced abortion).
II. Common Causes:
Spontaneous abortions may result from genetic defects, hormonal imbalances, infections, exposure to toxins, trauma, or other maternal health issues. Induced abortions are typically performed for population control, humane reasons (such as preventing the birth of a severely deformed or non-viable fetus), or when the pregnancy poses a risk to the mother's health.
III. Methods:
Veterinarians may use various methods to induce abortion depending on the species, stage of gestation, and reason for the procedure. These can include administering drugs that stimulate uterine contractions (such as prostaglandins), physically removing the fetus through surgery (dilation and curettage or hysterectomy), or using techniques specific to certain animal species (e.g., intrauterine infusion of hypertonic saline in equids).
IV. Ethical Considerations:
The ethics surrounding veterinary abortions are complex and multifaceted, often involving considerations related to animal welfare, conservation, population management, and human-animal relationships. Veterinarians must weigh these factors carefully when deciding whether to perform an abortion and which method to use. In some cases, legal regulations may also influence the decision-making process.
V. Conclusion:
Abortion in veterinary medicine is a medical intervention that can be used to address various clinical scenarios, ranging from unintentional pregnancy loss to deliberate termination of pregnancy for humane or population control reasons. Ethical considerations play a significant role in the decision-making process surrounding veterinary abortions, and veterinarians must carefully evaluate each situation on a case-by-case basis.
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.
Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.
Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.
"Rickettsia rickettsii" is a species of bacteria that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a potentially severe and life-threatening tick-borne disease. The bacteria are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, most commonly the American dog tick, Rocky Mountain wood tick, and the brown dog tick.
The bacteria infect endothelial cells, which line the blood vessels, causing vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) and leading to a range of symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, rash, and in severe cases, organ failure and death if left untreated. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is treated with antibiotics, usually doxycycline, which can be effective in reducing the severity of the disease and preventing complications if started promptly.
I'm not aware of a medical term called "blotting, Southwestern." The term "blotting" in the context of laboratory science refers to a technique used to transfer or visualize molecules from one surface to another, typically using a liquid or gel. "Southwestern" is a geographical term that can refer to a region in the southwestern United States. It's possible that you may be referring to a specific medical or scientific technique that combines blotting and Southwestern, but I was unable to find any relevant information on this topic.
If you meant something different or need more information about laboratory techniques for transferring or visualizing molecules, please let me know!
Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.
Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.
These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of most eukaryotic organisms. They are essentially fluid-filled sacs that store various substances, such as enzymes, waste products, and nutrients. In plants, vacuoles often contain water, ions, and various organic compounds, while in fungi, they may store lipids or pigments. Vacuoles can also play a role in maintaining the turgor pressure of cells, which is critical for cell shape and function.
In animal cells, vacuoles are typically smaller and less numerous than in plant cells. Animal cells have lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances. Lysosomes can be considered a type of vacuole, but they are more specialized in their function.
Overall, vacuoles are essential for maintaining the health and functioning of cells by providing a means to store and dispose of various substances.
Coxiella
Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella (bacterium)
Coxiella (gastropod)
Phagosome
Gamasoidosis
Atypical pneumonia
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
Pneumonia
Bacterial cellular morphologies
Lake Galilee (Queensland)
Rickettsia rickettsii
Amblyomma gervaisi
Coccobacillus
Coxiellaceae
Johnston Atoll
Legionella clemsonensis
Paul Fiset
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris
Rickettsia akari
Horses in Cuba
Q fever
Intracellular parasite
Valérie Belin
Pomatiopsidae
Bremetennacum
List of sequenced bacterial genomes
Edwin Herman Lennette
Tick
Axenic
Coxiella - Wikipedia
Coxiella burnetii epitope-specific T-cell responses in chronic Q fever patients | bioRxiv
Shikimate kinase (Coxiella burnetii RSA 493) | Protein Target - PubChem
European rabbits as reservoir for Coxiella burnetii - Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow
alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and bacterial lipopolysaccharide are involved in Coxiella burnetii-stimulated production of tumor...
Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in an Indigenous Population from the Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta, Colombia in: The...
Medical Science Monitor | Bacterial tick-borne diseases caused by Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella...
Coxiella burnetii IgA Phase I ELISA Kit (ESR1311A) - QED Bioscience Inc
Evaluation of a Human T Cell-Targeted Multi-Epitope Vaccine for Q Fever in Animal Models of Coxiella burnetii Immunity - EpiVax...
Identification of Coxiella burnetii by touch-down PCR assay in unpasteurized milk and dairy products in North - East of Iran
Coxiella - McMaster Experts
Coxiella burnetii in non-Hodgkin lymphoma tissue samples : Innocent until proven otherwise?
Product Finder : Clinical - Coxiella burnetii
"Coxiella burnetii and Leishmania Mexicana Residing Within Similar Para" by Jess A. Millar, Raquel Valdés et al.
Coxiella burnetti Illustrations
Coxiella burnetii - Vircell
Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands
Resident Alveolar Macrophages Are Susceptible to and Permissive of Coxiella burnetii Infection
Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)| CDC
Coxiella burnetii 01 - preLights
Coxiella burnetii - GENETIC PCR SOLUTIONS™
Coxiella burnetii detection kits - PCR KIT
Coxiella burnetti (serologi), S- - Region Västmanland
Coxiella burnetii - PCR kit - gel agarose
Coxiella burnetii - serologie - Laborator de analize medicale - DrGolea
Coxiella burnetii Anticorpi IgM - faza 2 - Reteaua Medicala Victoria
SSQFEV C
Bursa Bölgesinde Koyun İşletmelerinde Coxiella burneti infeksiyonunun seroprevalansının belirlenmesi | AVESİS
Disappearance of FDG uptake on PET scan after antimicrobial therapy could help for the diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii...
Burnetii63
- Coxiella is a taxonomic homonym: Coxiella (bacterium), genus of bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever Coxiella (gastropod), genus of snails from saline lakes in the family Pomatiopsidae This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct genera with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
- Five spawns of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in- Bacteriageneticallyrelatedto Coxiella burnetii havebeen fected with Candidatus C. massiliensis were used for an- found in ticks. (cdc.gov)
- Coxiella burnetii ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- and Coxiella burnetii by quanti- tients were infected with Coxiella -like bacteria only: 11 tative PCR (qPCR) ( 2 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Infection with Coxiella burnetii , the causative agent of Q fever, can result in life-threatening persistent infection. (biorxiv.org)
- We previously demonstrated long-lived immunoreactivity in individuals with past symptomatic and asymptomatic Coxiella infection (convalescents) to promiscuous HLA-class II C. burnetii epitopes, providing the basis for a novel T-cell-targeted subunit vaccine. (biorxiv.org)
- We studied the role of European rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) as a reservoir for Coxiella burnetii in the Iberian region. (vetscite.org)
- Coxiella burnetii , which is the cause of Q fever, is a zoonotic pathogen that infects multiple hosts. (vetscite.org)
- Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, enters human monocytes through alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and survives inside host cells. (nih.gov)
- Coxiella burnetii is an underreported zoonotic pathogen in many rural regions globally. (ajtmh.org)
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia spp. (medscimonit.com)
- Coxiella burnetii , and Rickettsia spp. (medscimonit.com)
- Description SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii Phase 1 IgG/IgA resp. (qedbio.com)
- Background SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii tests are recommended for the detection of human antibodies in serum or plasma directed against Coxiella burnetii in Phase 1 or Phase 2. (qedbio.com)
- SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii IgM is recommended for the detection of acute Q-fever, while SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii (Phase 2) IgG supports the differential diagnosis of infections of the respiratory tract, especially atypical pneumonia. (qedbio.com)
- SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii (Phase I) tests are recommended for the diagnosis of chronic Q-fever. (qedbio.com)
- All SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii are used for the serological therapy follow-up in acute and chronic diseases. (qedbio.com)
- Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease Q fever, and ruminants being considered as the main source for human infection. (ac.ir)
- Coxiella burnetii in non-Hodgkin lymphoma tissue samples : Innocent until proven otherwise? (uu.nl)
- Purpose: Coxiella burnetii has been suggested as a potential cause of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), as C. burnetii was detected in B-NHL tissues. (uu.nl)
- Coxiella burnetii and Leishmania Mexicana Residing Within Similar Para" by Jess A. Millar, Raquel Valdés et al. (pdx.edu)
- Coxiella burnetii is a bacterium that thrives in an acidic parasitophorous vacuole (PV) derived from lysosomes . (pdx.edu)
- Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii . (vircell.com)
- Title : Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands Personal Author(s) : Tilburg, Jeroen J.H.C.;Roest, Hendrik-Jan I.J.;Buffet, Sylvain;Nabuurs-Franssen, Marrigje H.;Horrevorts, Alphons M.;Raoult, Didier;Klaassen, Corné H.W. (cdc.gov)
- Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is a zoonotic disease with potentially life-threatening complications in humans. (montana.edu)
- The CoxBur dtec-qPCR comprises a series of species-specific targeted reagents designed for Coxiella burnetii detection by using qPCR. (geneticpcr.com)
- Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii . (kitpcr.com)
- Infection with Coxiella burnetii can be acute or chronic, and exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. (kitpcr.com)
- Q fever is a zoonotic disease with acute and chronic stages caused by the rickettsia-like organism Coxiella burnetii. (cdc.gov)
- Disappearance of FDG uptake on PET scan after antimicrobial therapy could help for the diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii spondylodiscitis. (uniba.it)
- Blood and CT-guided discovertebral cultures remained sterile (including for mycobacteria) and 16s PCR and in-house specific Coxiella burnetii PCR were negative. (uniba.it)
- False detection of Coxiella burnetii-what is the risk? (nau.edu)
- The aim of this study was to undertake a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, in beef cattle in Queensland. (qld.gov.au)
- Goats are known reservoirs of Coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of Q fever. (biomedcentral.com)
- Coxiella burnetii , an obligate intracellular pathogen of both humans and animals is the causative agent of Q-fever [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, causes potentially fatal endocarditis several years after intial infection suggesting the bacterium's ability to persist long-term in the host. (pcom.edu)
- Khademi P, Ownagh A, Mardani K, Khalili M. PCR-RFLP of Coxiella burnetii Plasmids Isolated from Raw Milk Samples in Iran. (ijmm.ir)
- Several methods have been employed to identify Coxiella burnetii isolates based on the specific Coxiella burnetii QpH1 plasmid to distinguish the acute form from the chronic form of Q fever disease in humans and animals owing to the presence of unique gene sequences in this plasmid. (ijmm.ir)
- A total of 86 isolates of Coxiella burnetii QpH1 plasmid, which were confirmed by the Nested-PCR method in 2018, were used to determine the RFLP panel of the QpH1 plasmid. (ijmm.ir)
- The results of the nucleic acid sequencing of all 4 samples indicated that they had a Coxiella burnetii type (Nine Mile RSA493 strain). (ijmm.ir)
- RFLP patterns exhibited no difference on the Coxiella burnetii QpH1 plasmid isolated from cow and buffalo milk. (ijmm.ir)
- Hence, all isolates were genetically identical, and the infection in animals could originate from one Coxiella burnetii strain (Nine Mile RSA493 strain). (ijmm.ir)
- Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goat abortion samples. (ijmm.ir)
- 2. Sobotta K, Hillarius K, Jiménez PH, Kerner K, Heydel C, Menge C. Interaction of Coxiella burnetii Strains of Different Sources and Genotypes with Bovine and Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. (ijmm.ir)
- 3. Hendrix LR, Samuel JE, Mallavia LP. Differentiation of Coxiella burnetii isolates by analysis of restriction-endonuclease-digested DNA separated by SDS-PAGE. (ijmm.ir)
- 4. Heinzen R, Stiegler G, Whiting L, Schmitt S, Mallavia L, Frazier M. Use of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis to Differentiate Coxiella burnetii Strains a. (ijmm.ir)
- 5. Willems H, Ritter M, Jäger C, Thiele D. Plasmid-homologous sequences in the chromosome of plasmidless Coxiella burnetii Scurry Q217. (ijmm.ir)
- 6. Savinelli EA, Mallavia LP. Comparison of Coxiella burnetii plasmids to homologous chromosomal sequences present in a plasmidless endocarditis-causing isolate. (ijmm.ir)
- 7. Jäger C, Lautenschläger S, Willems H, Baljer G. Coxiella burnetii plasmid types QpDG and QpH1 are closely related and likely identical. (ijmm.ir)
- Molecular characterization of Coxiella burnetii isolates by infrequent restriction site-PCR and MLVA typing. (ijmm.ir)
- Establishment of a genotyping scheme for Coxiella burnetii. (ijmm.ir)
- Infection with Coxiella burnetii in cows usually runs without typical symptoms. (academicjournals.org)
- Serological evidence of coxiella burnetii and SARSCoV-2 co-infection: a case report. (actamedicaportuguesa.com)
- So tell me David, what is Coxiella burnetii ? (cdc.gov)
- Dr. David Swerdlow] Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever. (cdc.gov)
- Infection with Coxiella burnetii can be asymptomatic, acute, or chronic. (cdc.gov)
- Coxiella burnetii is a category B bioterrorism agent because it is highly infectious, rather resistant to heat and drying, and can become airborne and inhaled by humans. (cdc.gov)
- Dr. David Swerdlow] If there were an intentional spread of Coxiella burnetii , we didn't know who should be given preventative treatment, called post-exposure prophylaxis or PEP, to prevent illness. (cdc.gov)
- Pregnant women are also at high risk following exposure to Coxiella burnetii . (cdc.gov)
- It is crucial to know who should be treated and how, following an intentional release with possible BT agents, including Coxiella burnetii . (cdc.gov)
- Q fever (see the image below) is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate gram-negative intracellular bacterium. (medscape.com)
- Coxiella burnetii study was to describe the clinical, microt and Brucella spp. (who.int)
- phylogenomics of rooting the emerging pathogen, Coxiella burnetii. (bvsalud.org)
Fever1
- Coxiella -like bacteria have been associated with infection cal signs (fever, skin eschar, local lymph node enlargement) in birds ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Infection4
- Infection of THP-1 (human monocyte/macrophage) cells with Coxiella and Leishmania elicited disparate host responses. (pdx.edu)
- Inhalation of low doses of Coxiella bacteria can result in infection of the host alveolar macrophage (AM). However, it is not known whether a subset of AMs within the heterogeneous population of macrophages in the infected lung is particularly susceptible to infection. (montana.edu)
- ELISA further demonstrated Coxiella infection-dependent increase in PGE2 levels. (pcom.edu)
- These studies indicate that during infection Coxiella T4SS actively manipulates cox-2 expression resulting in increased PGE2. (pcom.edu)
Bacteria4
- To explore pathogenicity to humans, we used and if a removed tick was positive for Coxiella -like bacte- molecular techniques targeting Coxiella- like bacteria to ria according to qPCR but no skin biopsy was sampled or retrospectively analyze skin biopsy samples and ticks col- when serologic results were positive. (cdc.gov)
- Ticks were identified by matrix-assisted la- for the Coxiella -like bacteria associated with R. sanguin- ser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrom- eus , R. turanicus , and H. pusillus ticks to be Candidatus C. etry (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, USA) ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- On the basis of the aligned rrs (55%) Dermacentor marginatus , 7 (35%) R. sanguineus , gene sequences of Coxiella -like bacteria, we developed 1 (5%) R. bursa , and 1 (5%) Ixodes ricinus ticks. (cdc.gov)
- Coxiella- a specific qPCR to detect the DNA of all Coxiella spe- like bacteria were found significantly less commonly in I. cies and degenerated primers aimed to amplify a 659-bps ricinus ticks (p = 0.002, relative risk = 0.5). (cdc.gov)
Leishmania3
- As Coxiella and Leishmania are highly divergent organisms that cause different diseases, we reasoned that their respective infections would likely elicit distinct host responses despite producing phenotypically similar parasite-containing vacuoles. (pdx.edu)
- Additionally, we detected 257 micro RNAs (miRNAs) that were expressed in THP-1 cells, and identified miRNAs that were specifically expressed during Coxiella or Leishmania infections. (pdx.edu)
- Collectively, this study identified host mRNAs and miRNAs that were influenced by Coxiella and/or Leishmania infections, and our data indicate that although their PVs are morphologically similar, Coxiella and Leishmania have evolved different strategies that perturb distinct host processes to create and thrive within their respective intracellular niches. (pdx.edu)
Bacterial2
- Our previous studies show that Coxiella manipulates host LD metabolism via the Type 4 Secretion System (T4SS), a major virulence factor which secretes bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm to manipulate cellular processes. (pcom.edu)
- Additionally, inhibiting LD breakdown almost completely inhibits bacterial growth suggesting that LD-derived lipids are critical for Coxiella intracellular survival. (pcom.edu)
Diagnosis1
- We also evaluated sero- we used Epi Info 6.0 (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/html/ logic tests for Candidatus Coxiella massiliensis diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Alveolar1
- While Coxiella initially infects alveolar macrophages, in endocarditis patients, it is also found in foamy macrophages containing neutral lipid storage organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). (pcom.edu)
Metabolism1
- Hence we hypothesize that Coxiella manipulates host cell LD metabolism to promote a PGE2-mediated immunosuppressive environment and survive long-term in the host. (pcom.edu)
Production2
- Studies are ongoing to identify the direct correlation between LDs and PGE2 production in Coxiella-infected cells and their contribution to PGE2-mediated immunosuppression. (pcom.edu)
- Future studies will determine the potential of blocking PGE2 production as a supplemental therapy for Coxiella endocarditis. (pcom.edu)
Patients1
- During 2011-2014, we identified patients in hospitals Coxiella spp. (cdc.gov)
Cells1
- Compared to uninfected cells, cox-2 was upregulated in Coxiella-infected macrophages but not T4SS mutant-infected cells. (pcom.edu)
Bacterium Coxiella burnetii3
- Q fever is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. (nih.gov)
- Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, a strictly intracellular pathogen that can cause acute and chronic infection. (qxmd.com)
- The bacterium Coxiella burnetii (which causes Q fever) had the highest incidence because of a goat-related Q fever epidemic in the Netherlands from 2007 to 2019, peaking at 2,424 cases in 2009. (umn.edu)
Rickettsia6
- Morpholgically, Coxiella resembles Rickettsia . (kenyon.edu)
- When it was first disovered, Coxiella burnetii was thought to be a member of this species, and named Rickettsia burnetii . (kenyon.edu)
- Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia are two types of bacteria that can cause severe illness in humans. (epibiodev.blog)
- Q fever is a zoonotic disease with acute and chronic stages caused by the rickettsia-like organism Coxiella burnetii. (cdc.gov)
- Background: We conducted a study to identify Rickettsia, Coxiella, Leptospira, Bartonella, and Chikungunya virus infections among febrile patients presenting at hospitals in Bangladesh. (johnshopkins.edu)
- This disease is caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii . (petplace.com)
Antibodies1
- The aim of this survey was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii ( C. burnetii ) in subjects at risk of exposure in Sicily, Southern Italy. (ijomeh.eu)
Ticks3
- Five spawns of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in- Bacteriageneticallyrelatedto Coxiella burnetii havebeen fected with Candidatus C. massiliensis were used for an- found in ticks. (cdc.gov)
- Fard, S.R.N. and Khalili, M. (2011) PCR detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from sheep and goats in southeast Iran. (ankara.edu.tr)
- 2010) Coxiella burnetii in Humans and ticks in rural Senegal. (ankara.edu.tr)
Seroprevalence of Coxiella1
- Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii at animal and herd level was 22.3 (95% CI: 17.1-27.6) and 78.9 (95% CI: 60-97) percent, respectively. (civilica.com)
Obligate intracellular1
- Coxiella Burnetii is also an obligate intracellular organism, because it can't make its own energy in the form of ATP. (osmosis.org)
20211
- 2021. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540145/all/Coxiella_burnetii. (hopkinsguides.com)
Humans3
- Coxiella burnetii causes significant reproduction losses in livestock and the disease Q fever in humans. (edu.au)
- In humans, the disease generally arises from inhalation of the aerosolized Coxiella organisms produced by infected livestock. (biomedcentral.com)
- Coxiella burnetii is a category B bioterrorism agent because it is highly infectious, rather resistant to heat and drying, and can become airborne and inhaled by humans. (cdc.gov)
Intracellular pathogen1
- Q fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii - an intracellular pathogen. (utsa.edu)
Endocarditis5
- 4. [Coxiella burnetii endocarditis. (nih.gov)
- 10. Coxiella burnetii Endocarditis in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report of a Diagnostic Challenge. (nih.gov)
- 15. A contemporary 16-year review of Coxiella burnetii infective endocarditis in a tertiary cardiac center in Queensland, Australia. (nih.gov)
- 16. [Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Coxiella burnetii: six cases]. (nih.gov)
- 18. Coxiella burnetii endocarditis on bioprosthetic aortic valve, with peripheral arterial embolism. (nih.gov)
Goats2
- This is because animals such as cows and goats harbor Coxiella burnetii in large amounts, providing many opportunities for those working in agriculture to become infected. (kenyon.edu)
- 2004) Occurence, distribution, and role in abortion of Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goats in Sardinia, Italy. (ankara.edu.tr)
Prophylaxis1
- Dr. David Swerdlow] If there were an intentional spread of Coxiella burnetii , we didn't know who should be given preventative treatment, called post-exposure prophylaxis or PEP, to prevent illness. (cdc.gov)
Genus2
- Coxiella is a genus best known for the species Coxiella burnetii , the causative agent of Q fever. (kenyon.edu)
- Coxiella burnetii , the most famous species of this genus, causes human Q fever (short for query fever). (kenyon.edu)
Molecular2
- Molecular pathogenesis of Coxiella burnetii in a genomics era. (tamu.edu)
- Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in raw meat samples collected from different abattoirs in districts Kasur and Lahore of Punjab, Pakistan. (bvsalud.org)
Acute2
- The agent of acute and chronic Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, occupies a unique niche among intracellular pathogens. (tamu.edu)
- To date, a total of 191 clinical cases of acute Q fever (Figure 1) have been serologically confirmed at the VCL by a fourfold or greater rise in Q fever complement fixation phase II antibody titer or by a 1:20 or greater Coxiella burnetii-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer using an indirect immunofluorescence test on a single serum specimen. (cdc.gov)
Serum1
- Akgün, E., Yılmaz, M., Pınarbaşı, E. (2006) Q-fever şüphesi olan hasta serum ve kan örneklerinde nested-PCR yöntemiyle Coxiella burnetii'nin saptanması. (ankara.edu.tr)
Gram-negative4
- Coxiella are Gram-negative. (kenyon.edu)
- Coxiella Burnetii , is a short, gram-negative rod that causes a disease called Q fever . (osmosis.org)
- Now, Coxiella Burnetii is gram negative, meaning that its cell wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer so it cannot retain a stain called crystal violet stain. (osmosis.org)
- Sheep are considered to be one of the main reservoirs for Coxiella burnetii , a gram-negative bacterium with high zoonotic potential. (q-gaps.de)
Swerdlow1
- Dr. David Swerdlow] Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever. (cdc.gov)
Significance1
- Occurrence and significance of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydiales spp. (sztaki.hu)
19992
- Another plasmid, Coxiella burnetii plasmid QpDV , was sequenced in 1999. (kenyon.edu)
- Nguyen, S.V. and Hirai, K. (1999) Differentiation of Coxiella burnetii isolates by sequence determination and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene. (ankara.edu.tr)
ELISA2
- Blood samples were assayed for antibody to Coxiella burnetii using CHEKIT Q fever ELISA kit. (civilica.com)
- 1997) İnfertilite sorunu olan dişi sığırlarda ve insanlarda Coxiella burnetii antikorlarının ELISA testi ile belirlenmesi ve seroprevalansının saptanması. (ankara.edu.tr)
Fever is caused1
- Regardless of the likelihood that C. burnetii may be used as a bioterrorism agent due to its status as a Q fever is caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella category B agent, public health agencies are obligated to burnetii and is endemic in nearly every country in the prepare for such a scenario. (cdc.gov)
Detection1
- 2004) Detection of Coxiella burnetii by immunomagnetic separation-PCR in the milk of sheep in Turkey. (ankara.edu.tr)
Genome1
- Work on the genome structure of Coxiella is still in progress. (kenyon.edu)
Antibody1
- High prevalence of antibody against Coxiella burnetii in the cattle population of the study area implies zoonotic and economic importance. (civilica.com)
Exposure1
- Pregnant women are also at high risk following exposure to Coxiella burnetii . (cdc.gov)
Disease1
- Coxiella burnetii can cause a disease known as Q fever, which can cause flu-like symptoms and in severe cases can be fatal. (epibiodev.blog)
Proteins1
- Our results demonstrate that these 7 Coxiella proteins gave a modest sensitivity and specificity for recognizing of Q fever patient sera, suggesting that they are potential serodiagnostic markers for Q fever. (biomedcentral.com)
Symptoms1
- The variables evaluated did not seem to have a significant effect on seropositivity to Coxiella with the exception of symptoms in the last 6 months preceding the survey. (ijomeh.eu)
High1
- High levels of Coxiella DNA were found in liver and spleen tissues (Figure 1 ) and the highest level was found in tissues obtained on day 7 pi. (biomedcentral.com)
Agent3
- Coxiella burnetii is a strict intracellular bacterium with potential as a bioterrorism agent. (nih.gov)
- Coxiella burnetii is a category B bioterrorism agent. (cdc.gov)
- Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever. (biomedcentral.com)
Significantly1
- The Coxiella load in spleen tissues was significantly higher than that in liver or lung tissues and significantly decreased by day 14 pi (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
