Cowpox
Cowpox virus
Orthopoxvirus
Poxviridae
Vaccinia virus
Variola virus
Ectromelia virus
Vaccinia
Serpins
A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. This family includes alpha 1-antitrypsin, angiotensinogen, ovalbumin, antiplasmin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, thyroxine-binding protein, complement 1 inactivators, antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen inactivators, gene Y protein, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, and barley Z protein. Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known.
Arvicolinae
Herpestidae
Rodent Diseases
Cowpox: reservoir hosts and geographic range. (1/60)
It is generally accepted that the reservoir hosts of cowpox virus are wild rodents, although direct evidence for this is lacking for much of the virus's geographic range. Here, through a combination of serology and PCR, we demonstrate conclusively that the main hosts in Great Britain are bank voles, wood mice and short-tailed field voles. However, we also suggest that wood mice may not be able to maintain infection alone, explaining the absence of cowpox from Ireland where voles are generally not found. Infection in wild rodents varies seasonally, and this variation probably underlies the marked seasonal incidence of infection in accidental hosts such as humans and domestic cats. (+info)Transmission dynamics of a zoonotic pathogen within and between wildlife host species. (2/60)
The transmission dynamics of the cowpox virus infection have been quantified in two mixed populations of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), through analyses of detailed time-series of the numbers of susceptible, infectious and newly infected individuals. The cowpox virus is a zoonosis which circulates in these rodent hosts and has been shown to have an adverse effect on reproductive output. The transmission dynamics within species is best described as frequency dependent rather than density dependent, contrary to the 'mass action' assumption of most previous studies, both theoretical and empirical. Estimation of a transmission coefficient for each species in each population also allows annual and seasonal variations in transmission dynamics to be investigated through an analysis of regression residuals. Transmission between host species is found to be negligible despite their close cohabitation. The consequences of this for the combining ability of hosts as zoonotic reservoirs, and for apparent competition between hosts, are discussed. (+info)Cidofovir protects mice against lethal aerosol or intranasal cowpox virus challenge. (3/60)
The efficacy of cidofovir for treatment of cowpox virus infection in BALB/c mice was investigated in an effort to evaluate new therapies for virulent orthopoxvirus infections of the respiratory tract in a small animal model. Exposure to 2(-5)x10(6) pfu of cowpox virus by aerosol or intranasally (inl) was lethal in 3- to 7-week-old animals. One inoculation of 100 mg/kg cidofovir on day 0, 2, or 4, with respect to aerosol infection, resulted in 90%-100% survival. Treatment on day 0 reduced peak pulmonary virus titers 10- to 100-fold, reduced the severity of viral pneumonitis, and prevented pulmonary hemorrhage. The same dose on day -6 to 2 protected 80%-100% of inl infected mice, whereas 1 inoculation on day -16 to -8 or day 3 to 6 was partially protective. Cidofovir delayed but did not prevent the death of inl infected mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Treatment at the time of tail scarification with vaccinia virus did not block vaccination efficacy. (+info)A longitudinal study of an endemic disease in its wildlife reservoir: cowpox and wild rodents. (4/60)
Cowpox is an orthopoxvirus infection endemic in European wild rodents, but with a wide host range including human beings. In this longitudinal study we examined cowpox in two wild rodent species, bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus, to investigate the dynamics of a virus in its wild reservoir host. Trapping was carried out at 4-weekly intervals over 3 years and each animal caught was uniquely identified, blood sampled and tested for antibodies to cowpox. Antibody prevalence was higher in bank voles than in wood mice and seroconversion varied seasonally, with peaks in autumn. Infection was most common in males of both species but no clear association with age was demonstrated. This study provides a model for studying other zoonotic infections that derive from wild mammals since other approaches, such as one-off samples, will fail to detect the variation in infection and thus, risk to human health, demonstrated here. (+info)Rat-to-human transmission of Cowpox infection. (5/60)
We isolated Cowpox virus (CPXV) from the ulcerative eyelid lesions of a 14-year-old girl, who had cared for a clinically ill wild rat that later died. CPXV isolated from the rat (Rattus norvegicus) showed complete homology with the girl's virus. Our case is the first proven rat-to-human transmission of cowpox. (+info)Aerosolized cidofovir is retained in the respiratory tract and protects mice against intranasal cowpox virus challenge. (6/60)
We employed a murine model to test the concept of using an aerosolized, long-acting antiviral drug to protect humans against smallpox. We previously showed that a low dose of aerosolized cidofovir (HPMPC [Vistide]) was highly protective against subsequent aerosolized cowpox virus challenge and was more effective than a much larger dose of drug given by injection, suggesting that aerosolized cidofovir is retained in the lung. Because the nephrotoxicity of cidofovir is a major concern in therapy, delivering the drug directly to the respiratory tract might be an effective prophylactic strategy that maximizes the tissue concentration at the site of initial viral replication, while minimizing its accumulation in the kidneys. In the present study, we found that treating mice with aerosolized (14)C-labeled cidofovir ((14)C-cidofovir) resulted in the prolonged retention of radiolabeled drug in the lungs at levels greatly exceeding those in the kidneys. In contrast, subcutaneous injection produced much higher concentrations of (14)C-cidofovir in the kidneys than in the lungs over the 96-h time course of the study. As further evidence of the protective efficacy of aerosolized cidofovir, we found that aerosol treatment before or after infection was highly protective in mice challenged intranasally with cowpox virus. All or nearly all mice that were treated once by aerosol, from 2 days before to 2 days after challenge, survived intranasal infection, whereas all placebo-treated animals died. (+info)Efficacy of multiple- or single-dose cidofovir against vaccinia and cowpox virus infections in mice. (7/60)
Orthopoxviruses, including variola and monkeypox, pose risks to human health through natural transmission or potential bioterrorist activities. Since vaccination has not recently been utilized for control of these infections, there is renewed effort in the development of antiviral agents not only for postexposure smallpox therapy but also for treatment of adverse reactions following vaccination. The objectives of this study were to expand on the results of others that cidofovir (CDV) is effective in mice inoculated with cowpox virus (CV) or vaccinia virus (VV) and to document the efficacy of single and interval dosing beginning prior to or after infection, particularly including evaluations using suboptimal doses of CDV. We utilized BALB/c or SCID mice inoculated with CV or VV as models for systemic poxvirus infections. BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with CV or VV and treated with CDV prior to or after virus inoculation. CDV, at concentrations as low as 0.7 to 6.7 mg/kg of body weight/day for 5 days, conferred significant protection when treatment was initiated as late as 72 to 96 h postinfection. A single-dose pretreatment or posttreatment with CDV at 3 to 100 mg/kg was effective when given as early as 5 days prior to infection or as late as 3 days after infection with either VV or CV. Interval treatments given every third day beginning 72 h postinfection using 6.7 or 2 mg of CDV/kg also proved effective against CV infections. When SCID mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with CV or VV and treated for 7 to 30 days with CDV, all the mice eventually died during or after cessation of treatment; however, significant delays in time to death and reduction of virus replication in organs occurred in most treated groups, and no resistance to CDV was detected. (+info)Cowpox with severe generalized eruption, Finland. (8/60)
Cowpox with a severe, generalized eruption was diagnosed in an atopic 4-year-old girl by electron microscopy, virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M and low-avidity IgG antibodies. The hemagglutinin gene of the isolate clustered with a Russian cowpox virus strain, and more distantly, with other cowpox and vaccinia virus strains. The patient's dog had orthopoxvirus-specific antibodies, indicating a possible transmission route. In Finnish wild rodents, orthopoxvirus seroprevalences were 0%-92%, in humans the seroprevalence was 100% in the age group >50, decreasing towards younger age groups. (+info) Cowpox is a viral disease that affects cattle and other bovines, characterized by fever, blisters, and pus-filled ulcers on the skin and mucous membranes. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected animals or contaminated objects, and can also be spread through the milk of infected cows.
Cowpox was first identified in the 18th century and was once a significant public health concern, as it could be transmitted to humans through close contact with infected animals or their products. However, due to advances in veterinary medicine and changes in agricultural practices, cowpox is now relatively rare in many parts of the world.
Symptoms of cowpox typically include fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, and skin lesions that may appear as blisters or pus-filled ulcers. The virus can also cause respiratory problems, such as coughing and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, cowpox can lead to complications such as sepsis and pneumonia.
Diagnosis of cowpox is typically based on a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and medical history. Treatment is primarily focused on managing symptoms and supporting the animal's immune system, and may include antibiotics to prevent secondary infections.
Prevention of cowpox involves measures such as vaccination, sanitation, and isolation of infected animals. Vaccination is particularly important for cattle that are at high risk of infection, such as those living in close proximity to other animals or in areas with high levels of disease prevalence.
In addition to its impact on animal health, cowpox has also had significant cultural and historical significance. For example, the term "cowpox" is believed to have originated from the practice of painting the pocks (blisters) caused by the virus with cow's blood, giving rise to the term "cowpox." The disease has also been associated with a number of notable outbreaks and epidemics throughout history, including one in 17th-century England that led to the development of the first smallpox vaccine.
Overall, while cowpox is typically not fatal for cattle, it can cause significant discomfort and financial loss for farmers and ranchers. As such, it is important for those involved in the cattle industry to be aware of the disease and take steps to prevent and manage outbreaks.
Poxviridae is a family of viruses that can cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals, including smallpox, monkeypox, cowpox, and camelpox. These viruses are typically transmitted through contact with an infected animal or person, and can cause fever, headache, fatigue, and skin lesions. In severe cases, poxviridae infections can lead to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and death.
There is no specific treatment for poxviridae infections, but antiviral medications may be used in some cases. Vaccination against smallpox, which is caused by the variola virus, a member of the poxviridae family, has been widely used to prevent this disease and has been declared eradicated by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, other poxviridae infections remain a significant public health concern, particularly in areas where there is limited access to medical care.
Prevention of poxviridae infections involves avoiding contact with infected animals or people, wearing protective clothing and equipment, and practicing good hygiene. In addition, vaccination against specific poxviridae infections, such as monkeypox and cowpox, may be recommended for certain individuals who are at high risk of infection.
Overall, while the eradication of smallpox is a significant achievement, there remains much work to be done to prevent and control poxviridae infections, particularly in areas with limited access to medical care.
Vaccinia (Va-kyn-ee-uh) is a viral infection caused by the vaccinia virus, which is typically transmitted through contact with infected animals or people, or through contaminated objects or surfaces. The virus can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and skin lesions, and can be severe in some cases.
Vaccinia is most commonly associated with smallpox, which is caused by a similar virus and was eradicated in the late 1970s through widespread vaccination. However, there have been occasional outbreaks of vaccinia in the United States and other countries since then, often linked to laboratory accidents or deliberate releases of the virus.
The treatment of vaccinia typically involves supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and antipyretic medications to reduce fever. Antiviral medications may also be used in some cases. Prevention of the disease relies on avoiding contact with infected animals or people, and on following proper infection control practices in laboratory and healthcare settings.
Vaccinia is a serious viral infection that can have severe consequences if left untreated. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
Rodent diseases are infectious conditions that affect rodents, such as mice and rats. These diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or their environments, and can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, headache, and muscle pain. Some common examples of rodent diseases include:
1. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS): This is a severe respiratory disease caused by the hantavirus, which is found in the urine and saliva of infected rodents. Symptoms of HPS can include fever, headache, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing.
2. Leptospirosis: This is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Leptospira, which is found in the urine of infected rodents. Symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle pain, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
3. Rat-bite fever: This is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Streptobacillus moniliformis, which is found in the saliva of infected rodents. Symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle pain, and swollen lymph nodes.
4. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM): This is a viral infection caused by the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which is found in the urine and saliva of infected rodents. Symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle pain, and meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord).
5. Tularemia: This is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, which is found in the urine and saliva of infected rodents. Symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle pain, and swollen lymph nodes.
These are just a few examples of the many diseases that can be transmitted to humans through contact with rodents. It is important to take precautions when handling or removing rodents, as they can pose a serious health risk. If you suspect that you have been exposed to a rodent-borne disease, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Smallpox is a contagious disease caused by the variola virus, which was eradicated in 1980 through a global vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization (WHO). The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects and surfaces.
Smallpox symptoms include fever, headache, and fatigue, followed by a characteristic rash that spreads from the face to other parts of the body. The disease is highly infectious and can be fatal, especially among young children and immunocompromised individuals. There is no specific treatment for smallpox, and vaccination is the most effective method of prevention.
The last naturally occurring case of smallpox was reported in 1977, and since then, there have been only a few laboratory-confirmed cases, all related to research on the virus. The WHO declared that smallpox had been eradicated in 1980, making it the first and only human disease to be completely eliminated from the planet.
While the risk of smallpox is currently low, there is concern that the virus could be used as a bioterrorism agent, and efforts are being made to maintain surveillance and preparedness for any potential outbreaks.
Cowpox
... is an infectious disease caused by the cowpox virus (CPXV). It presents with large blisters in the skin, a fever and ... Cowpox is more commonly found in animals other than bovines, such as rodents. Cowpox is similar to, but much milder than, the ... The cowpox virus contains 186 thousand base pairs of DNA, which contains the information for about 187 genes. This makes cowpox ... seemed to be immune not only to further cases of cowpox, but also to smallpox. By scratching the fluid from cowpox lesions into ...
Vaccination
To test the theory, he took cowpox vesicles from a milkmaid named Sarah Nelmes with which he infected an eight-year-old boy ... He distinguished 'true' and 'spurious' cowpox (which did not give the desired effect) and developed an "arm-to-arm" method of ... In 1802, the Scottish physician Helenus Scott vaccinated dozens of children in Bombay against smallpox using Jenner's cowpox ... Plett PC (2006). "[Peter Plett and other discoverers of cowpox vaccination before Edward Jenner]". Sudhoffs Archiv (in German ...
Vaccine
They used cowpox. Since vaccination with cowpox was much safer than smallpox inoculation, the latter, though still widely ... to denote cowpox. He used the phrase in 1798 for the long title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae Known as the Cow Pox ... In 1796, the physician Edward Jenner took pus from the hand of a milkmaid with cowpox, scratched it into the arm of an 8-year- ... The classic example is Jenner's use of cowpox to protect against smallpox. A current example is the use of BCG vaccine made ...
Orthopoxvirus
Cowpox only occurs in Europe and adjacent Russian states, and despite its name, occurs only rarely in cattle. One common host ... Cowpox strains tend to have the most intact genes. Predicting the phylogeny by sequence or by gene content produces somewhat ... Cowpox infection in Europe is an occupational hazard for veterinary workers, and to a lesser extent, farm workers. The initial ... Cowpox virus has also infected a variety of animals in European zoos, such as elephants, resulting in human infection. Aerosols ...
Artificial induction of immunity
In 1798 he published his information in his famous Inquiry into the Causes and Effects...of the Cow Pox. He is credited with ... In 1798, Jenner extended his observations by showing that cowpox could be passed from a lesion on one patient to others through ... performed an experiment based on the folk-knowledge that infection with cowpox, a disease with minor symptoms which was never ...
Smallpox vaccine
Jenner also tried to distinguish between 'True' cowpox which produced the desired result and 'Spurious' cowpox which was ... known by the name of cow pox. Vaccination, the term which soon replaced cowpox inoculation and vaccine inoculation, was first ... Cowpox served as a natural vaccine until the modern smallpox vaccine emerged in the 20th century. From 1958 to 1977, the World ... He concluded that cowpox inoculation was a safe alternative to smallpox inoculation, but rashly claimed that the protective ...
Johann Gottfried Bremser
He was at the forefront of medical vaccinations in Vienna, and argued the case for compulsory cowpox vaccinations for all ... Über die Kuhpocken, 1801 - (On cowpox). Über lebende Würmer im lebenden Menschen, 1819 (On living worms in living humans); ... Bremser, Johann Gottfried at Neue Deutsche Biographie Johann Gottfried Bremser (1767-1827) as a protagonist of the cowpox ...
Vaccinia
Jenner referred to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). However, the origins of the smallpox vaccine became murky ... When it was realized that the virus used in smallpox vaccination was not, or was no longer, the same as cowpox virus, the name ... The Latin term used for Cowpox was Variolae vaccinae, Jenner's own translation of "smallpox of the cow". That term lent its ... The original vaccine for smallpox, and the origin of the idea of vaccination, was Cowpox, described by Edward Jenner in 1798. ...
Orf (disease)
It may appear similar to cowpox and pseudocowpox. While orf is usually a benign self-limiting illness which resolves in 3-6 ...
Vaccine hesitancy
ISBN 0-12-083475-8. Creighton C (1887). The Natural History of Cowpox and Vaccinal Syphilis. London: Cassell. Williamson S ( ... Originally called inoculation, this technique was later called variolation to avoid confusion with cowpox inoculation ( ... and Benjamin Moseley likened cowpox to syphilis, starting a controversy that would last into the 20th century.: 203-05 There ...
Jean Georg Haffner
In addition, he carried out injections against cowpox. When the French troops withdrew from the region in 1814, Haffner ...
George Pearson (doctor)
George Pearson, Circular Letter on the Cow Pox. Med. Phys. J. 1799. 2; 113-5. George Pearson, A Statement of the Progress in ... George Pearson FRS (1751-1828) was a British physician, chemist and early advocate of Jenner's cowpox vaccination. Davies ... George Pearson, An Inquiry Concerning the History of the Cow Pox, Johnson, London, 1798. ...
History of smallpox
When the next cowpox epidemic broke out in 1798, Jenner conducted a series of inoculations using cowpox, all of them successful ... Jenner hypothesized that in order to become immune to smallpox using cowpox, the matter from the cowpox pustules must be ... He deduced that cowpox was most likely to transfer immunity from smallpox if administered at the eighth day of the disease. On ... Cowpox, horsepox, and monkeypox are more distantly related. All of these viruses share a common ancestor about 10,000 years ago ...
The Concept of Anxiety
Can sin and guilt be transferred from one person to another? Is it "an epidemic that spreads like cowpox"? Was every Jewish ...
Paravaccinia virus
It may appear similar to cowpox and orf. Paravaccinia virus originates from livestock infected with bovine papular stomatitis. ...
Metformin
Effect of biguanide derivatives on experimental cowpox in rabbits]". Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Classe 3: ...
Edward Jenner
He scraped pus from cowpox blisters on the hands of Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid who had caught cowpox from a cow called Blossom, ... He used it in 1798 in the title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the ... 1798 An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ 1799 Further Observations on the Variolæ Vaccinæ, or Cow-Pox ... Donald Hopkins has written, "Jenner's unique contribution was not that he inoculated a few persons with cowpox, but that he ...
Joseph Towne
He also made three moulages of vaccinia, the cowpox. Towne had an assistant and an Italian model known as Francis - who was ...
History of surgery
Edward Jenner pioneered smallpox inoculation with cowpox virus. 1800. The Royal College of Surgeons of England was founded. ...
Gjenvick-Gjønvik Archives
Edward Jenner and his cowpox vaccination. Loe, MA, MLS, Nancy E. "Immigrant Ancestors Talk at SLOCGS: Coming to America; Castle ... Painting of the first cowpox vaccination, Dr. Edward Jenner, by Georges Gaston Melinque Paul K. Gjenvick, MAS, an archivist by ...
Yetminster
ISBN 0-226-35168-8. fewster Cow pox and its ability to prevent smallpox. ""The Yetties, A Dorset folk-group". Retrieved 26 ... for his early experiment in inducing immunity against smallpox using deliberate inoculation with the less virulent cowpox. ...
Cadang-cadang
He used cowpox to confer induced immunity on humans. But in the case of Cadang-cadang, this is still under research. Hanold, D ...
John Ring (surgeon)
An attack on cow-pox treatment made by Benjamin Moseley, physician to the Chelsea Hospital, brought from Ring a refutation, ... A Treatise on Cow-pox, 2 parts, London, 1801-3. The Beauties of the "Edinburgh Review", alias the Stinkpot of Literature, ... He had leading medical men in London sign a document acknowledging that cow-pox was a much milder and safer disease than ...
Smallpox
... discovered that immunity to smallpox could be produced by inoculating a person with material from a cowpox lesion. Cowpox is a ... Vaccinia, cowpox, and monkeypox viruses can infect both humans and other animals in nature. The life cycle of poxviruses is ... Vaccinia is in the same family as cowpox and variola virus but is genetically distinct from both. The origin of the vaccinia ... Bennett MJ (2009). "Smallpox and cowpox under the Southern Cross: the smallpox epidemic of 1789 and the advent of vaccination ...
Nucleocytoviricota
Smallpox, cowpox, and other pox viruses belong to this family. Possibly order Pimascovirales. A new family has been proposed - ...
John Graham (clergyman)
Labatt wrote and lectured extensively on cow-pox and vaccination. He described himself as "a native of this parish": Mason's A ... account of Maghera is his correspondence with Dr Samuel Labatt concerning how his eldest son had been inoculated with cow-pox ...
Poxviridae
Within the Othopoxvirus genus Cowpox virus strain Brighton Red, Ectromelia virus and Monkeypox virus do not group closely with ... Orthopoxvirus: smallpox virus (variola), vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus; Parapoxvirus: orf virus, pseudocowpox, ... A century after Edward Jenner showed that the less potent cowpox could be used to effectively vaccinate against the more deadly ...
Beate Sodeik
Her research considered the assembly of the Vaccina virus (cowpox). After earning her doctorate, Sodeik returned to the United ...
Attenuated vaccine
Instead, it was based on the related and milder cowpox disease. The discovery that diseases could be artificially attenuated ...
Amazonas (Brazilian state)
The Jenner cowpox vaccine was not introduced in Brazil until 1808. Variolation was prohibited in 1840, and vaccination was ...
Human Cowpox Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Today, cowpox is a rare disease, largely confined to small mammals on the European continent and in Great Britain, with ... Edward Jenner inoculated a young English boy with cowpox material from a dairymaid and showed that the boy became resistant to ... Cowpox is caused by the cowpox or catpox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family, which also includes smallpox and vaccinia ... encoded search term (Human Cowpox Infection) and Human Cowpox Infection What to Read Next on Medscape ...
Thinking Outside the Cowpox: The Discovery of a Pox-Related Virus
| DHCPP | CDC
After a 2012 visit from the CDC Poxvirus Team, health officials in the country of Georgia knew to look out for cowpox among ... Thinking Outside the Cowpox: The Discovery of a Pox-Related Virus. ... "We know there is cowpox in Western Europe and vaccinia in Western Asia. It makes sense to look in Georgia." ... and prevention of cowpox, a species of Orthopoxvirus, the genus which also includes monkeypox and smallpox. This was late in ...
Cowpox with Severe Generalized Eruption, Finland - Volume 9, Number 11-November 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal -...
Cowpox is a zoonotic dermatitis affecting, despite its name, mainly cats and humans. The disease is caused by cowpox virus, a ... The hemagglutinin gene of the isolate clustered with a Russian cowpox virus strain, and more distantly, with other cowpox and ... Chantrey J, Meyer H, Baxby D, Begon M, Bown KJ, Hazel SM, Cowpox: reservoir hosts and geographic range. Epidemiol Infect. 1999; ... who contracted cowpox after playing with a mole near Moscow (14). The reference cowpox virus strain Brighton grouped with ...
cowpox symptoms Archives - Outbreak News Today
Details for:
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Mycobacterium Marinum Treatment, Symptoms & Antibiotics
Respiratory And Cardiovascular Supplements (1971-1975)
The Vaccinia Dilemma
How Smallpox Changed the World | Live Science
Noting that dairymaids rarely contracted smallpox after bouts of cowpox, a similar but far less dangerous virus, Jenner ... Further testing proved conclusively that the cowpox virus was able to build immunity against smallpox. ... injected a young boy with matter from a cowpox lesion and later inoculated him with smallpox. The boy did not get sick - Jenner ...
African tick bite fever
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Smallpox: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Lady Montagu and the Introduction of Smallpox Inoculation to England - Muslim HeritageMuslim Heritage
On 14 May 1796, Jenner tested his theory by inoculating James Phipps, a young boy of 8 years, with material from the cowpox ... Jenner inoculated Phipps with cowpox pus in both arms on the same day. The inoculation was accomplished by scraping the pus ... Unlike Jenners later vaccination, which used cowpox, variolation used a small measure of smallpox itself. Lady Mary, who had ... Unlike Jenners later vaccination, which used cowpox, variolation used a small measure of smallpox itself. Lady Marys own ...
How do vaccines work? - Kelwalin Dhanasarnsombut | TED-Ed
... successfully injected small amounts of a cowpox virus into a young boy to protect him from the related (and deadly) smallpox ... Interested in learning more about Jenners experiment with cowpox? Visit PBS and find out the details! Check out the complete ... successfully injected small amounts of a cowpox virus into a young boy to protect him from the related (and deadly) smallpox ...
Lab Test Menu | Washington State Department of Health
11 Vaccine Pioneers You Should Know | Mental Floss
Course Content - #91763: Bioterrorism: An Update for Healthcare Professionals - NetCE
Longitudes: news, updates and reportage from Latitudes, the Barcelona-based curatorial office
WHO EMRO | Health risk assessment at mass gatherings: a report of the camel festival in Saudi Arabia | Volume 25, issue 9 |...
Narrative and Metaverse, Pt. 3: The Luther Protocol - Epsilon Theory
I just listened to Bens Top Traders Unplugged podcast with Cem Karsan & Niels Kaastrup (link). It mostly covered ET 101 topics, but I think it gave me a bit of clarity on Old Stories. My more Straussian reading of the Narrative & the Metaverse Series is this:. The world is fed. Its fed in Asimovs Foundation kind of way. Its always been kinda fed, but with new tech, its more fed than before. And theres not much we can do against that kind of entropy.. In response to this ontology, there are two things we can do: one practical, one faith-based. The practical one is to return to our roots. What are these roots? Its the simple things in life: love, friendship, kindness - family & community. Its the stuff where our programming is designed to function best. The old stories.. The faith-based one is more complicated. It recognizes a broader duty in the broader society. Its a call for a fight - on moral grounds - against the forces of societal decay. And although it is implicitly a losing ...
CDC Advises Delayed Breastfeeding To Boost Vaccine Efficacy | Food Renegade
Opinion | The Bleached Bones of the Dead: What the Modern World Owes Slavery | Common Dreams
... a mixture of lymph and pus containing the cowpox virus). A few days after the slaves set out on their journey, pustules would ... a mixture of lymph and pus containing the cowpox virus). A few days after the slaves set out on their journey, pustules would ... a mixture of lymph and pus containing the cowpox virus). A few days after the slaves set out on their journey, pustules would ...
The Rise and Fall of Smallpox | HISTORY
A New Twist for Ebola: Reston-Infected Pigs in the Philippines | Blogs | CDC
Eula Biss's inoculation against misinformation about vaccines - Chicago Reader
PHOTOS: Vaccine History Repeats Itself - Sometimes | New Hampshire Public RadioMonkeypox8
- The CDC Poxvirus Team had just visited scientists at Georgia's Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture to raise their awareness about the signs, symptoms, and prevention of cowpox, a species of Orthopoxvirus, the genus which also includes monkeypox and smallpox. (cdc.gov)
- Until that point, the only types of orthopoxviruses known to cause significant illness in humans were smallpox (variola), vaccinia, monkeypox, and cowpox. (cdc.gov)
- The disease is caused by cowpox virus, a close relative to vaccinia, smallpox (variola), and monkeypox viruses within the Orthopoxvirus genus ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Both cowpox and monkeypox, which was recently transmitted to the United States by transport of animals indigenous to Africa ( 9 ), are actually orthopoxviruses of their reservoir rodents and are not well adapted to interhuman spread ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Other viruses in this genus, including vaccinia, but also monkeypox and cowpox, continue to cause outbreaks of human illness. (cdc.gov)
- Human monkeypox is a viral zoonotic infection caused by monkeypox virus, an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus and family Poxviridae that also contain smallpox, cowpox, Orf, and vaccinia viruses. (bvsalud.org)
- Des bases de données en ligne, notamment PubMed, Google Scholar et Web of Science, ont été consultées pour obtenir des publications pertinentes sur l'épidémiologie, le traitement, les vaccins et les impacts économiques de l'épidémie actuelle de monkeypox (Mpox). (bvsalud.org)
- Human monkeypox is a viral zoonotic dae which contains smallpox, cowpox, Orf, infection caused by monkeypox virus, an env- and vaccinia viruses (1,2). (bvsalud.org)
Orthopoxvirus3
- Cowpox is caused by the cowpox or catpox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family, which also includes smallpox and vaccinia. (medscape.com)
- As a member of the Orthopoxvirus family, cowpox is a large double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in cell cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
- The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus (which causes smallpox), vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine7
- Edward Jenner's cowpox vaccine : the history of a medical myth / Peter Razzell. (who.int)
- Smallpox vaccine contains vaccinia, a related virus that causes cowpox, a less-dangerous disease. (sciencenews.org)
- In the years following 1770, several doctors in England and Germany had successfully tested the possibility of using the cowpox vaccine as an immunization for smallpox in humans. (muslimheritage.com)
- The first ever vaccine was created when Edward Jenner, an English physician and scientist, successfully injected small amounts of a cowpox virus into a young boy to protect him from the related (and deadly) smallpox virus. (ted.com)
- For example, Cowpox, Horsepox, and Camelpox are also members of this genus, none of which are a major health threat to humans, and one of which (Cowpox) has even been (historically) used as a Smallpox vaccine. (organicconsumers.org)
- That's because the first vaccine was based on cowpox, a mild disease of cattle and people, but it also protected against the much more deadly smallpox virus. (chkd.org)
- Poxviridae qui contient également les virus de la variole, du cowpox, de l'Orf et de la vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
Jenner's2
- Unlike Jenner's later vaccination, which used cowpox, variolation used a small measure of smallpox itself. (muslimheritage.com)
- Interested in learning more about Jenner's experiment with cowpox? (ted.com)
Vaccinia viruses1
- The relationship between cowpox and vaccinia viruses has been unclear since Edward Jenner used a virus isolate from cows for smallpox vaccination ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Edward Jenner3
- More than 200 years ago, in one of the first demonstrations of vaccination, Edward Jenner inoculated a young English boy with cowpox material from a dairymaid and showed that the boy became resistant to smallpox. (medscape.com)
- About 200 years ago, Dr. Edward Jenner used the relatively harmless cowpox virus to vaccinate against smallpox with extreme effectiveness. (cdc.gov)
- In 1796, English physician Edward Jenner noted the accepted wisdom that milkmaids who'd caught cowpox - a similar but harmless cousin of smallpox - were more protected from the deadlier virus. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Virus21
- Cowpox virus has no latent stage and does not integrate its DNA into the host genome. (medscape.com)
- In addition, cowpox virus has been shown to inhibit intracellular transport of major histocompatibility class I molecules, allowing it to evade cytotoxic T cells. (medscape.com)
- The natural reservoir of cowpox virus is believed to be small woodland mammals, such as bank voles and wood mice, with humans, cows, and cats being only accidental hosts. (medscape.com)
- Cowpox with a severe, generalized eruption was diagnosed in an atopic 4-year-old girl by electron microscopy, virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M and low-avidity IgG antibodies. (cdc.gov)
- The hemagglutinin gene of the isolate clustered with a Russian cowpox virus strain, and more distantly, with other cowpox and vaccinia virus strains. (cdc.gov)
- Because immunity to orthopoxviruses is cross-reactive, smallpox vaccination might have suppressed cowpox virus infections in the human population. (cdc.gov)
- Cowpox virus is not highly infective for humans and usually produces a localized lesion mainly on fingers, hands, or face ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- Cowpox virus infections have been detected in Europe and central and northern Asia ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Noting that dairymaids rarely contracted smallpox after bouts of cowpox, a similar but far less dangerous virus, Jenner injected a young boy with matter from a cowpox lesion and later inoculated him with smallpox. (livescience.com)
- Further testing proved conclusively that the cowpox virus was able to build immunity against smallpox. (livescience.com)
- Jenner, an observant English physician, noted that dairy workers infected with cowpox (an animal virus that was not fatal to humans) also showed resistance to infection with smallpox (a human virus that was often fatal). (mentalfloss.com)
- We were successful in generating molecular tools, i.e. full-length molecular clones, that allow the timely and reproducible modification of various cowpox virus strains. (fu-berlin.de)
- The developed tools are currently used to characterize the cowpox virus proteome and to identify virulence and host range proteins. (fu-berlin.de)
- Finally, our aim is to to generate novel and safe cowpox virus-based vector vaccines. (fu-berlin.de)
- Sampling of the pox mark showed that it was caused by a previously unidentified virus of the same family as smallpox and cowpox. (the-hospitalist.org)
- Medical teams would take children (in one case, orphans were used to transport the virus from Spain to its colonies) and animals (such as cows and horses) from village to village or from country to country, harvesting liquid from smallpox or cowpox sores and getting it under the skin of an unvaccinated person. (nhpr.org)
- Enfermedad eruptiva leve de la piel de las vacas lecheras causada por el VIRUS DE LA VIRUELA VACUNA, con lesiones que aparecen principalmente en las ubres y las tetillas. (bvsalud.org)
- A mild, eruptive skin disease of milk cows caused by COWPOX VIRUS, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. (bvsalud.org)
- MATERIALS AND METHODS: The efficiency of virus detection was evaluated by single-stage ELISA in the cryolisate of CV-1 cell culture samples infected with vaccinia, cowpox, rabbitpox, and ectromelia viruses, as well as in clinical samples of infected rabbits and mice. (bvsalud.org)
- Cowpox virus: What's in a Name? (cdc.gov)
- La fièvre de Lassa, une fièvre hémorragique virale causée par le virus de Lassa (LASV), est endémique en Afrique de l'Ouest et est associée à une morbidité et une mortalité élevées. (bvsalud.org)
Viruses1
- The goal of our working group is to develop new techniques for the modification of cowpox viruses. (fu-berlin.de)
Lesions2
- Recalling what they had learned from the CDC Poxvirus Team, the Georgian National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) suspected cowpox and sent swabs from the herdsmen's' lesions to the CDC laboratory for testing. (cdc.gov)
- Cowpox lesions on patient's forearm on day 7 after onset of illness. (cdc.gov)
Humans4
- Today, cowpox is a rare disease, largely confined to small mammals on the European continent and in Great Britain, with occasional transmission to humans. (medscape.com)
- Cowpox is a rare infection of humans, with fewer than 150 human cases reported. (medscape.com)
- Cowpox is a zoonotic dermatitis affecting, despite its name, mainly cats and humans. (cdc.gov)
- By NewsDesk @infectiousdiseasenews In this video, I take a look at the rare, viral infection in humans, and cows for that matter, cowpox. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Sore2
- In May 1796, Jenner swabbed material from a cowpox sore on Sarah Nelms, a milkmaid, and inoculated 8-year-old James Phipps. (mentalfloss.com)
- Jenner guessed that cowpox might offer protection and, to test his theory, took pus from a cowpox sore on the hand of milkmaid Sarah Nelmes, who'd caught the infection from a milker named Blossom. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Inoculation1
- Inoculation of calf with cowpox to produce vaccines against Smallpox" exhibit. (lttds.org)
Cows1
- Risk factors for infection with cowpox include exposure to potentially infected animals (eg, cats, cows, rodents) in an endemic area. (medscape.com)
Disease2
- Human cowpox is a disease of young people, with half of all cases occurring in individuals younger than 18 years. (medscape.com)
- Human cowpox is usually a self-limited disease. (medscape.com)
Protection1
- Young people may be at greater risk because of a propensity for close contact with animals, such as cats, or because of their not having been vaccinated for smallpox, which may confer some protection against cowpox. (medscape.com)
Smallpox9
- The CDC Poxvirus Team had just visited scientists at Georgia's Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture to raise their awareness about the signs, symptoms, and prevention of cowpox, a species of Orthopoxvirus, the genus which also includes monkeypox and smallpox. (cdc.gov)
- Until that point, the only types of orthopoxviruses known to cause significant illness in humans were smallpox (variola), vaccinia, monkeypox, and cowpox. (cdc.gov)
- More than 200 years ago, in one of the first demonstrations of vaccination, Edward Jenner inoculated a young English boy with cowpox material from a dairymaid and showed that the boy became resistant to smallpox. (medscape.com)
- Cowpox is caused by the cowpox or catpox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family, which also includes smallpox and vaccinia. (medscape.com)
- Young people may be at greater risk because of a propensity for close contact with animals, such as cats, or because of their not having been vaccinated for smallpox, which may confer some protection against cowpox. (medscape.com)
- A key development in the eradication of the deadly disease occurred when Jenner observed that milkmaids who developed cowpox, a less serious disease, did not develop smallpox. (nih.gov)
- We describe cowpox with corneal involvement in a 31-year-old atopic woman who lived in southern Finland and was unvaccinated for smallpox. (cdc.gov)
- Watercolor drawings showing smallpox (left) and cowpox (right) inoculations after 8 days. (nih.gov)
- Cowpox is similar to but much milder than the highly contagious and sometimes deadly smallpox disease. (nih.gov)
Vaccinia4
- Laboratory exposures to Vaccinia virus have been documented, but, to date, there have been no reports of accidental laboratory-acquired cowpox infections," the authors note. (medscape.com)
- Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays on the biopsy tissue showed positivity for nonvariola orthopoxvirus and cowpox DNA and negativity for Vaccinia virus. (medscape.com)
- We know there is cowpox in Western Europe and vaccinia in Western Asia. (cdc.gov)
- Any history of monkeypox, cowpox, or vaccinia infection. (nih.gov)
Catpox infection1
- Vestey JP, Yirrell DL, Aldridge RD. Cowpox/catpox infection. (medscape.com)
Orthopoxvirus2
- Schupp P, Pfeffer M, Meyer H, Burck G, Kolmel K, Neumann C. Cowpox virus in a 12-year-old boy: rapid identification by an orthopoxvirus-specific polymerase chain reaction. (medscape.com)
- As a member of the Orthopoxvirus family, cowpox is a large double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in cell cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
Disseminated cowpox virus1
- Fatal disseminated cowpox virus infection in an adolescent renal transplant recipient. (medscape.com)
Yirrell DL1
- Vestey JP, Yirrell DL, Norval M. What is human catpox/cowpox infection? (medscape.com)
Infection with cowpox2
- Independent commentator Prof. Hermann Meyer, from the Institut für Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, in Munich, Germany, noted that infection with cowpox virus from an injury is relatively common. (medscape.com)
- Risk factors for infection with cowpox include exposure to potentially infected animals (eg, cats, cows, rodents) in an endemic area. (medscape.com)
Variola1
- Whereas some poxviruses, including variola virus, display narrow host ranges, others such as cowpox viruses naturally infect a wide range of mammals. (scicombinator.com)
20011
- In 2001, 60 cases of possible cowpox were reported in Egypt, but this has not been confirmed. (medscape.com)
Investigation2
- Human cowpox: presentation and investigation in an era of bioterrorism. (medscape.com)
- Further investigation is needed to better define the Severe Ocular Cowpox in natural life cycle of this organism, especially the role of a Human, Finland tick species in its transmission. (cdc.gov)
Strain1
- Further sequencing identified the strain as cowpox Brighton," Dr. McCollum and colleagues note. (medscape.com)
Milkmaids1
- Of mice and milkmaids, cats and cowpox. (medscape.com)
Human5
- Baxby D, Bennett M, Getty B. Human cowpox 1969-93: a review based on 54 cases. (medscape.com)
- Rat-to-human transmission of Cowpox infection. (medscape.com)
- There have been several cases in Europe of human cowpox cases in people who have had close contact with pet cats or rats, luckily without dire consequences. (medscape.com)
- Human cowpox is a disease of young people, with half of all cases occurring in individuals younger than 18 years. (medscape.com)
- Human cowpox is usually a self-limited disease. (medscape.com)
Finland1
- Cowpox with severe generalized eruption, Finland. (medscape.com)
Addition1
- In addition, cowpox was detected in multiple viral stocks and 2 viral lines, including the viral stocks used by the patient prior to the onset of illness. (medscape.com)
Region2
- Sequencing of an isolate from the laboratory worker revealed a recombinant region consistent with recombinant cowpox strains stored in the freezer. (medscape.com)
- After a 2012 visit from the CDC Poxvirus Team, health officials in the country of Georgia knew to look out for cowpox among residents of the region, which sits on the Black Sea and is bordered by Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia. (cdc.gov)
Case1
- Cowpox presenting with sporotrichoid spread: a case report. (nih.gov)