Coup transcription factors. Medical search

A sub-family of steroid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptors that have specificity for a variety of DNA sequences related to AGGTCA. COUP transcription factors can heterodimerize with a variety of factors including RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS; THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS; and VITAMIN D RECEPTORS.

A COUP transcription factor that was originally identified as a homodimer that binds to a direct repeat regulatory element in the chicken albumin promoter. It is a transcription factor that plays an important role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A COUP transcription factor that negatively regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and competes with other hormone receptors for the common response element AGGTCA. It can also stimulate transcription of genes involved in the metabolism of GLUCOSE and CHOLESTEROL.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The part of the face above the eyes.

A syndrome characterized by slowly progressive unilateral atrophy of facial subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, skin, cartilage, and bone. The condition typically progresses over a period of 2-10 years and then stabilizes.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A subclass of winged helix DNA-binding proteins that share homology with their founding member fork head protein, Drosophila.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A large superfamily of transcription factors that contain a region rich in BASIC AMINO ACID residues followed by a LEUCINE ZIPPER domain.

A family of DNA binding proteins that regulate expression of a variety of GENES during CELL DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS. Family members contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal basic HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF involved in dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A family of zinc finger transcription factors that share homology with Kruppel protein, Drosophila. They contain a highly conserved seven amino acid spacer sequence in between their ZINC FINGER MOTIFS.

The so-called general transcription factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE II and that are required to initiate transcription. They include TFIIA; TFIIB; TFIID; TFIIE; TFIIF; TFIIH; TFII-I; and TFIIJ. In vivo they apparently bind in an ordered multi-step process and/or may form a large preinitiation complex called RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

A ubiquitously expressed zinc finger-containing protein that acts both as a repressor and activator of transcription. It interacts with key regulatory proteins such as TATA-BINDING PROTEIN; TFIIB; and ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-6 family members. STAT3 is constitutively activated in a variety of TUMORS and is a major downstream transducer for the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130.

A GATA transcription factor that is expressed in the MYOCARDIUM of developing heart and has been implicated in the differentiation of CARDIAC MYOCYTES. GATA4 is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION and regulates transcription of cardiac-specific genes.

The major sequence-specific DNA-binding component involved in the activation of transcription of RNA POLYMERASE II. It was originally described as a complex of TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN and TATA-BINDING PROTEIN ASSOCIATED FACTORS. It is now know that TATA BOX BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEINS may take the place of TATA-box binding protein in the complex.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

An activating transcription factor that plays a key role in cellular responses to GENOTOXIC STRESS and OXIDATIVE STRESS.

A family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of highly conserved calcineurin- and DNA-binding domains. NFAT proteins are activated in the CYTOPLASM by the calcium-dependent phosphatase CALCINEURIN. They transduce calcium signals to the nucleus where they can interact with TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 or NF-KAPPA B and initiate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of GENES involved in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development. NFAT proteins stimulate T-CELL activation through the induction of IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES such as INTERLEUKIN-2.

A specificity protein transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P27.

The first nucleotide of a transcribed DNA sequence where RNA polymerase (DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE) begins synthesizing the RNA transcript.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.

A family of transcription factors that control EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT within a variety of cell lineages. They are characterized by a highly conserved paired DNA-binding domain that was first identified in DROSOPHILA segmentation genes.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of GENES including C-JUN GENES; CYCLIN A; CYCLIN D1; and ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3.

An RNA POLYMERASE II specific transcription factor. It plays a role in assembly of the pol II transcriptional preinitiation complex and has been implicated as a target of gene-specific transcriptional activators.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A and activates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis. E2F1 is involved in DNA REPAIR and APOPTOSIS.

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A family of transcription factors that contain regions rich in basic residues, LEUCINE ZIPPER domains, and HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIFS.

Activating transcription factors of the MADS family which bind a specific sequence element (MEF2 element) in many muscle-specific genes and are involved in skeletal and cardiac myogenesis, neuronal differentiation and survival/apoptosis.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A GATA transcription factor that is found predominately in LYMPHOID CELL precursors and has been implicated in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of HELPER T-CELLS. Haploinsufficiency of GATA3 is associated with HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; and renal anomalies syndrome.

A GATA transcription factor that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic lineages and plays an important role in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROID CELLS and MEGAKARYOCYTES.

An essential GATA transcription factor that is expressed primarily in HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

A family of DNA-binding proteins that are primarily expressed in T-LYMPHOCYTES. They interact with BETA CATENIN and serve as transcriptional activators and repressors in a variety of developmental processes.

A family of transcription factors that contain two ZINC FINGER MOTIFS and bind to the DNA sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G).

A basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates the CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development of a variety of cell types including MELANOCYTES; OSTEOCLASTS; and RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Mutations in MITF protein have been associated with OSTEOPETROSIS and WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERFERONS. Stat1 interacts with P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN and regulates expression of GENES involved in growth control and APOPTOSIS.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Activating transcription factors were originally identified as DNA-BINDING PROTEINS that interact with early promoters from ADENOVIRUSES. They are a family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors that bind to the consensus site TGACGTCA of the cyclic AMP response element, and are closely related to CYCLIC AMP-RESPONSIVE DNA-BINDING PROTEIN.

A subunit of NF-kappa B that is primarily responsible for its transactivation function. It contains a C-terminal transactivation domain and an N-terminal domain with homology to PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-REL.

A family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that control expression of a variety of GENES involved in CELL CYCLE regulation. E2F transcription factors typically form heterodimeric complexes with TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DP1 or transcription factor DP2, and they have N-terminal DNA binding and dimerization domains. E2F transcription factors can act as mediators of transcriptional repression or transcriptional activation.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Recurring supersecondary structures characterized by 20 amino acids folding into two alpha helices connected by a non-helical "loop" segment. They are found in many sequence-specific DNA-BINDING PROTEINS and in CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A GATA transcription factor that is expressed predominately in SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS and regulates vascular smooth muscle CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

An activating transcription factor that regulates the expression of a variety of GENES involved in amino acid metabolism and transport. It also interacts with HTLV-I transactivator protein.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A transcription factor that takes part in WNT signaling pathway where it may play a role in the differentiation of KERATINOCYTES. The transcriptional activity of this protein is regulated via its interaction with BETA CATENIN.

An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including C-JUN GENES and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA2.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

One of several general transcription factors that are specific for RNA POLYMERASE III. It is a zinc finger (ZINC FINGERS) protein and is required for transcription of 5S ribosomal genes.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.

Transcription factors that were originally identified as site-specific DNA-binding proteins essential for DNA REPLICATION by ADENOVIRUSES. They play important roles in MAMMARY GLAND function and development.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

A family of transcription factors that share a unique DNA-binding domain. The name derives from viral oncogene-derived protein oncogene protein v-ets of the AVIAN ERYTHROBLASTOSIS VIRUS.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.

A general transcription factor that is involved in basal GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR. It consists of nine subunits including ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASES; CYCLIN H; and XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM GROUP D PROTEIN.

A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.

An RNA POLYMERASE II specific transcription factor. It may play a role in transcriptional activation of gene expression by interacting with the TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN component of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID.

Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to a variety of CYTOKINES. Stat5 activation is associated with transcription of CELL CYCLE regulators such as CYCLIN KINASE INHIBITOR P21 and anti-apoptotic genes such as BCL-2 GENES. Stat5 is constitutively activated in many patients with acute MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

A transcription factor that possesses DNA-binding and E2F-binding domains but lacks a transcriptional activation domain. It is a binding partner for E2F TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and enhances the DNA binding and transactivation function of the DP-E2F complex.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

DNA-binding motifs formed from two alpha-helixes which intertwine for about eight turns into a coiled coil and then bifurcate to form Y shaped structures. Leucines occurring in heptad repeats end up on the same sides of the helixes and are adjacent to each other in the stem of the Y (the "zipper" region). The DNA-binding residues are located in the bifurcated region of the Y.

A ubiquitously expressed octamer transcription factor that regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of SMALL NUCLEAR RNA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES; and HISTONE H2B genes.

Nucleotide sequences of a gene that are involved in the regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

A general transcription factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA POLYMERASES. It binds specifically to the TATA BOX promoter element, which lies close to the position of transcription initiation in RNA transcribed by RNA POLYMERASE II. Although considered a principal component of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID it also takes part in general transcription factor complexes involved in RNA POLYMERASE I and RNA POLYMERASE III transcription.

A group of transcription factors that were originally described as being specific to ERYTHROID CELLS.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

Factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE III and aid in transcription. They include the assembly factors TFIIIA and TFIIIC and the initiation factor TFIIIB. All combine to form a preinitiation complex at the promotor that directs the binding of RNA POLYMERASE III.

A heterotetrameric transcription factor composed of two distinct proteins. Its name refers to the fact it binds to DNA sequences rich in GUANINE and ADENINE. GA-binding protein integrates a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS and regulates expression of GENES involved in CELL CYCLE control, PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS, and cellular METABOLISM.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

An early growth response transcription factor that has been implicated in regulation of CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

A family of low-molecular weight, non-histone proteins found in chromatin.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A transcription factor that takes part in WNT signaling pathway. The activity of the protein is regulated via its interaction with BETA CATENIN. Transcription factor 7-like 2 protein plays an important role in the embryogenesis of the PANCREAS and ISLET CELLS.

An ets proto-oncogene expressed primarily in adult LYMPHOID TISSUE; BRAIN; and VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm that specifically bind RETINOIC ACID or RETINOL and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Retinoic acid receptors, like steroid receptors, are ligand-activated transcription regulators. Several types have been recognized.

An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The biosynthesis of DNA carried out on a template of RNA.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that was originally identified in DROSOPHILA as essential for proper gastrulation and MESODERM formation. It plays an important role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and CELL DIFFERENTIATION of MUSCLE CELLS, and is found in a wide variety of organisms.

A tissue-specific subunit of NF-E2 transcription factor that interacts with small MAF PROTEINS to regulate gene expression. P45 NF-E2 protein is expressed primarily in MEGAKARYOCYTES; ERYTHROID CELLS; and MAST CELLS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

A subtype of RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS that are specific for 9-cis-retinoic acid which function as nuclear TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that regulate multiple signaling pathways.

One of several general transcription factors that are specific for RNA POLYMERASE III. TFIIIB recruits and positions pol III over the initiation site and remains stably bound to the DNA through multiple rounds of re-initiation by RNA POLYMERASE III.

Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.

One of the BASIC-LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that is synthesized as a membrane-bound protein in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress it translocates to the GOLGI APPARATUS. It is activated by PROTEASES and then moves to the CELL NUCLEUS to regulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of GENES involved in the unfolded protein response.

A family of mammalian POU domain factors that are expressed predominately in NEURONS.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

A subclass of SOX transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a role in the regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Members of this subclass are generally considered to be transcriptional activators.

Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates GLOBIN gene expression and is related to TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1. NF-E2 consists of a small MAF protein subunit and a tissue-restricted 45 kDa subunit.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

A heterotrimeric DNA-binding protein that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoters of eukaryotic genes. It is composed of three subunits: A, B and C.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subfamily have been implicated in regulating the differentiation of OLIGODENDROCYTES during neural crest formation and in CHONDROGENESIS.

Ubiquitously expressed basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF transcription factors. They bind CANNTG sequences in the promoters of a variety of GENES involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.

The orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII is required for angiogenesis and heart development. (1/113)

The embryonic expression of COUP-TFII, an orphan nuclear receptor, suggests that it may participate in mesenchymal-epithelial interactions required for organogenesis. Targeted deletion of the COUP-TFII gene results in embryonic lethality with defects in angiogenesis and heart development. COUP-TFII mutants are defective in remodeling the primitive capillary plexus into large and small microcapillaries. In the COUP-TFII mutant heart, the atria and sinus venosus fail to develop past the primitive tube stage. Reciprocal interactions between the endothelium and the mesenchyme in the vascular system and heart are essential for normal development of these systems. In fact, the expression of Angiopoietin-1, a proangiogenic soluble factor thought to mediate the mesenchymal-endothelial interactions during heart development and vascular remodeling, is down-regulated in COUP-TFII mutants. This down-regulation suggests that COUP-TFII may be required for bidirectional signaling between the endothelial and mesenchymal compartments essential for proper angiogenesis and heart development. (+info)

Expression of ptc and gli genes in talpid3 suggests bifurcation in Shh pathway. (2/113)

talpid3 is an embryonic-lethal chicken mutation in a molecularly un-characterised autosomal gene. The recessive, pleiotropic phenotype includes polydactylous limbs with morphologically similar digits. Previous analysis established that hox-D and bmp genes, that are normally expressed posteriorly in the limb bud in response to a localised, posterior source of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) are expressed symmetrically across the entire anteroposterior axis in talpid3 limb buds. In contrast, Shh expression itself is unaffected. Here we examine expression of patched (ptc), which encodes a component of the Shh receptor, and is probably itself a direct target of Shh signalling, to establish whether talpid3 acts in the Shh pathway. We find that ptc expression is significantly reduced in talpid3 embryos. We also demonstrate that talpid3 function is not required for Shh signal production but is required for normal response to Shh signals, implicating talpid3 in transduction of Shh signals in responding cells. Our analysis of expression of putative components of the Shh pathway, gli1, gli3 and coupTFII shows that genes regulated by Shh are either ectopically expressed or no longer responsive to Shh signals in talpid3 limbs, suggesting possible bifurcation in the Shh pathway. We also describe genetic mapping of gli1, ptc, shh and smoothened in chickens and confirm by co-segregation analysis that none of these genes correspond to talpid3. (+info)

Heterodimeric interactions between chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor family members ARP1 and ear2. (3/113)

Members of the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF) subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors, which minimally includes COUP-TFI and ARP1, are highly expressed in brain and are generally considered to be constitutive repressors of transcription. We have used a yeast two-hybrid system to isolate proteins expressed in brain that interact with ARP1. One of the proteins isolated in this screen was Ear2, another orphan receptor that has been suggested to be a member of the COUP-TF subfamily. Here we demonstrate that ARP1 and Ear2 form heterodimers in solution and on directly repeated response elements with high efficiency and a specificity differing from that of homodimeric complexes composed of either receptor. ARP1 and Ear2 were observed to interact in mammalian cells, and the tissue distribution of Ear2 transcripts was found to overlap precisely with the expression pattern of ARP1 in several mouse tissues and embryonal carcinoma cell lines. Heterodimeric interactions between ARP1 and Ear2 may define a distinct pathway of orphan receptor signaling. (+info)

Functional study of the E276Q mutant hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha found in type 1 maturity-onset diabetes of the young: impaired synergy with chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II on the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 promoter. (4/113)

Seven mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha gene have been shown to correlate with type 1 maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY 1), a monogenic form of type 2 diabetes. Up to now, only the functional properties of two MODY 1 HNF-4alpha mutants, Q268X and V393I, have been investigated to address how the mutations in the HNF-4alpha gene, found by genetic studies, can give rise to impaired activities of mutated HNF-4alpha proteins and can cause this disease. The E276Q mutation results in a nonconservative substitution occurring in the HNF-4alpha E domain, which is involved in dimerization and transactivation activities as well as in protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors or coactivators. Using the mutated human HNF-4alpha2, we have found that, in the absence of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP TFII), the E276Q substitution does not significantly affect the dimerization and transactivating activities of HNF-4alpha, at least on the promoters studied herein. On the other hand, in the presence of COUP TFII, the substitution impairs the enhancement of HNF-4-mediated activation of HNF-1 promoter. The impaired synergy between COUP TFII and HNF-4 on the HNF-1 promoter results from an alteration of their interaction. HNF-1 expression plays a crucial role in transactivation of insulin promoter and of numerous genes coding for enzymes involved in glucose homeostasis. Therefore, its downregulation resulting from the E276Q mutation in HNF-4alpha gene most probably impairs the function of pancreatic beta-cells. (+info)

Dorsal and ventral retinal territories defined by retinoic acid synthesis, break-down and nuclear receptor expression. (5/113)

Determination of the dorso-ventral dimension of the vertebrate retina is known to involve retinoic acid (RA), in that high RA activates expression of a ventral retinaldehyde dehydrogenase and low RA of a dorsal dehydrogenase. Here we show that in the early eye vesicle of the mouse embryo, expression of the dorsal dehydrogenase is preceded by, and transiently overlaps with, the RA-degrading oxidase CYP26. Subsequently in the embryonic retina, CYP26 forms a narrow horizontal boundary between the dorsal and ventral dehydrogenases, creating a trough between very high ventral and moderately high dorsal RA levels. Most of the RA receptors are expressed uniformly throughout the retina except for the RA-sensitive RARbeta, which is down-regulated in the CYP26 stripe. The orphan receptor COUP-TFII, which modulates RA responses, colocalizes with the dorsal dehydrogenase. The organization of the embryonic vertebrate retina into dorsal and ventral territories divided by a horizontal boundary has parallels to the division of the Drosophila eye disc into dorsal, equatorial and ventral zones, indicating that the similarities in eye morphogenesis extend beyond single molecules to topographical patterns. (+info)

Sagittal band expression of COUP-TF2 gene in the developing cerebellum. (6/113)

In the developing cerebellum, the medio-lateral compartmentalization of the adult cerebellum is preceded by the transient expression of factors which divide the cortex into similar parasagittal stripes. Here we report that COUP-TF2, an orphan member of the nuclear receptor family which suppresses RA actions by forming heterodimers with RXR, shows a pattern of sagittal bands in developing mouse cerebellum. The band pattern changes according to the developmental stage. At embryonic day 13 it is expressed in the lateral half of the cerebellum, but at later stages the expression is divided into several parasagittal bands. By postnatal day 5 the COUP-TF2 expression substantially decreases to low, but detectable, levels. (+info)

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II, a new partner of the glucose response element of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene, acts as an inhibitor of the glucose response. (7/113)

Transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is induced by glucose in the presence of insulin and repressed by glucagon via cyclic AMP. The DNA regulatory sequence responsible for mediating glucose and cyclic AMP responses, called glucose response element (GlRE), consists of two degenerated E boxes spaced by 5 base pairs and is able to bind basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper proteins, in particular the upstream stimulatory factors (USFs). From ex vivo and in vivo experiments, it appears that USFs are required for correct response of the L-PK gene to glucose, but their expression and binding activity are not known to be regulated by glucose. A genetic screen in yeast has allowed us to identify a novel transcriptional factor binding to the GlRE, i.e. the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII). Binding of COUP-TFII to the GlRE was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and COUP-TFII-containing complexes were detectable in liver nuclear extracts. Neither abundance nor binding activity of COUP-TFII appeared to be significantly regulated by diets. In footprinting experiments, two COUP-TFII-binding sites overlapping the E boxes were detected. Overexpression of COUP-TFII abrogated the USF-dependent transactivation of an artificial GlRE-dependent promoter in COS cells and the glucose responsiveness of the L-PK promoter in hepatocytes in primary culture. In addition, a mutated GlRE with increased affinity for USF and very low affinity for COUP-TFII conferred a dramatically decreased glucose responsiveness on the L-PK promoter in hepatocytes in primary culture by increasing activity of the reporter gene in low glucose condition. We propose that COUP-TFII could be a negative regulatory component of the glucose sensor complex assembled on the GlRE of the L-PK gene and most likely of other glucose-responsive genes as well. (+info)

Functional interactions between C/EBP, Sp1, and COUP-TF regulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene transcription in human brain cells. (8/113)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia. However, mechanisms underlying HIV-1 gene expression in the CNS are poorly understood. The importance of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBP) for HIV-1 expression in cells of the immune system has been recently reported. In this study, we have examined the role and the molecular mechanisms by which proteins of the C/EBP family regulate HIV-1 gene transcription in human brain cells. We found that NF-IL6 acts as a potent activator of the long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription in microglial and oligodendroglioma cells. In contrast, C/EBPgamma inhibits NF-IL6-induced activation. Consistent with previous data, our transient expression results show cell-type-specific NF-IL6-mediated transactivation. In glial cells, full activation needs the presence of the C/EBP binding sites; however, NF-IL6 is still able to function via the minimal -40/+80 region. In microglial cells, C/EBP sites are not essential, since NF-IL6 acts through the -68/+80 LTR region, containing two binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. Moreover, we show that functional interactions between NF-IL6 and Sp1 lead to synergistic transcriptional activation of the LTR in oligodendroglioma and to mutual repression in microglial cells. We further demonstrate that NF-IL6 physically interacts with the nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF), via its DNA binding domain, in vitro and in cells, which results in mutual transcriptional repression. These findings reveal how the interplay of NF-IL6 and C/EBPgamma, together with Sp1 and COUP-TF, regulates HIV-1 gene transcription in brain cells. (+info)

... may refer to: COUP-TFI, a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2F1 gene COUP-TFII, a protein ... humans is encoded by the NR2F2 gene This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title COUP transcription factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COUP_transcription_factor

COUP-TF1 (COUP Transcription Factor 1) also known as NR2F1 (Nuclear Receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1) is a protein that ... "Interactions between a DNA-binding transcription factor (COUP) and a non-DNA binding factor (S300-II)". Cell. 50 (5): 701-9. ... Wang LH, Tsai SY, Cook RG, Beattie WG, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW (Jul 1989). "COUP transcription factor is a member of the steroid ... Coup (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter) transcription factor binds to the ovalbumin promoter and, in conjunction with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COUP-TFI

... (COUP transcription factor 2), also known as NR2F2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2) is a protein ... Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P24468 (COUP transcription factor 2) at the PDBe- ... "Immunolocalization of nuclear transcription factors, DAX-1 and COUP-TF II, in the normal human ovary: correlation with adrenal ... "The COUP-TFs compose a family of functionally related transcription factors". Gene Expr. 1 (3): 207-16. PMC 5952191. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COUP-TFII

... the stem cell factor (SCF) induces γ-globin gene expression by regulating downstream transcription factor COUP-TFII, which can ... "CF induces γ-globin gene expression by regulating downstream transcription factor COUP-TFII". Blood. 114 (1): 187-194. doi: ... The 2015 study concludes that "we were unable to provide evidence for COUP-TFII expression under any in vivo or in vitro ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffin_P._Rodgers

"Regulation of human Clara cell 10 kD protein expression by chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs ... "Regulation of Clara cell secretory protein gene transcription by thyroid transcription factor-1". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uteroglobin

"Involvement of the histone deacetylase SIRT1 in chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF)-interacting ... chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor)-interacting protein 1 (CTIP1) is a sequence-specific DNA binding ... Transcription factors, All stub articles, Human chromosome 14 gene stubs). ... BCL11B has been shown to interact with COUP-TFI. BCL11B is closely connected with immune regulation and for so its mutation can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCL11B

... chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor)-interacting protein 1 (CTIP1) is a sequence-specific DNA binding ... BCL11A was initially discovered as a COUP-TFI interacting protein. In the nucleus, BCL11A forms paraspeckles that co-localize ... Transcription factors, All stub articles, Human chromosome 2 gene stubs). ... finger proteins implicated in transcriptional repression mediated by chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCL11A

Mammalian transcription factor LSF is a target of ERK signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 89:733-746. Hartley, D. and Cooper, G.M. ... Identification of COUP-TF as a transcriptional repressor of the c-mos proto-oncogene. J. Biol. Chem. 274:36796-36800. Erhardt, ... Identification of transcription factor binding sites upstream of human genes regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and ... Direct binding and activation of STAT transcription factors by the herpesvirus saimiri protein Tip. J. Biol. Chem. 275:16925- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_M._Cooper

... is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II ... "Identification and characterization of nucleolin as a COUP-TFII coactivator of retinoic acid receptor β transcription in breast ... It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. May play a role in the process of transcriptional ... Parada CA, Roeder RG (Jul 1999). "A novel RNA polymerase II-containing complex potentiates Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleolin

COUP+Transcription+Factors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) COUP+Transcription+Factor+I ... The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TFs) proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family of ... intracellular transcription factors. There are two variants of the COUP-TFs, labeled as COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII encoded by the ... Park JI, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ (2003). "Molecular mechanism of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_ovalbumin_upstream_promoter-transcription_factor

... chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor I (COUP-TFI), retinoic acid receptor (RARα), retinoid X receptor (RXRα ... This suggests that differential expression of RARα, RXRα, and COUP-PTI may determine transcription levels in various cell lines ... "ATRA inhibits ceramide kinase transcription in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y cells: the role of COUP-TFI". J. ... RARE-like plays a role in transcription regulation of CERK. It is suspected that in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramide_kinase

Budhram-Mahadeo V, Parker M, Latchman DS (February 1998). "POU transcription factors Brn-3a and Brn-3b interact with the ... July 2002). "Formation of an hER alpha-COUP-TFI complex enhances hER alpha AF-1 through Ser118 phosphorylation by MAPK". The ... It is hypothesized that estrogen stimulation of ERα may trigger the release of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor ... heat shock transcription factor Hsf1, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor". Cell Stress & Chaperones. 1 (4): 237-250. PMC 376461 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha

The first is the basic-region (b), which is involved in the binding of the transcription factor to DNA. The second is the helix ... "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacts with estrogen receptor alpha and orphan receptors COUP-TFI and ERRalpha1". Archives of ... The bHLH motif is located in the N-terminal of the protein and is a common entity in a variety of transcription factors. ... Sequential recruitment of transcription factors and differential phosphorylation of C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors. ... Kliewer SA, Umesono K, Heyman RA, Mangelsdorf DJ, Dyck JA, Evans RM (February 1992). "Retinoid X receptor-COUP-TF interactions ... "Adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6 is a heterodimeric complex of two nuclear hormone receptors, PPAR gamma and RXR ... "Adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6 is a heterodimeric complex of two nuclear hormone receptors, PPAR gamma and RXR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_alpha

Once expressed, the Fgf8 induces other transcription factors to form cross-regulatory loops between cells, thus the border is ... Moreover, the sharpness of both COUPTF1 and COUP-TF2 expression borders would be expected of genes involved in boundary ... Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF-8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF8 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is ... Tanaka S, Ueo H, Mafune K, Mori M, Wands JR, Sugimachi K (May 2001). "A novel isoform of human fibroblast growth factor 8 is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_8

This process is mediated by the NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) complex, a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in cellular ... It is also capable of heterodimerising with COUP-TF (an orphan nuclear receptor) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) in mediating ... Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a member of the NR4A nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. NR4A1 is ... Mechanistically, NR4A1 is preferentially recruited to binding sites of the transcription factor AP-1, where it represses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A1

V-erbA-related protein 2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. It is named after ... V-erbA-related gene has been shown to interact with: COUP-TFII Thyroid hormone receptor beta GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Transcription factors, All stub articles, Human chromosome 19 gene stubs). ... "Heterodimeric interactions between chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor family members ARP1 and ear2". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-erbA-related_gene

... coup transcription factor i MeSH D12.776.930.682.074.500 - coup transcription factor ii MeSH D12.776.930.682.350.174 - estrogen ... transcription factor brn-3b MeSH D12.776.930.632.625.875 - transcription factor brn-3c MeSH D12.776.930.635.600.100 - ets- ... mafg transcription factor MeSH D12.776.930.127.656.750.750 - mafk transcription factor MeSH D12.776.930.127.656.770 - nf-e2 ... mafg transcription factor MeSH D12.776.930.316.750.750.750 - mafk transcription factor MeSH D12.776.930.316.750.770 - nf-e2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.930)

... coup transcription factor i MeSH D12.776.826.750.074.500 - coup transcription factor ii MeSH D12.776.826.750.350.174 - estrogen ... lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 MeSH D12.776.664.235.400.800.750 - t cell transcription factor 1 MeSH D12.776.664.962. ... vascular endothelial growth factor a MeSH D12.776.467.100.800.300 - vascular endothelial growth factor b MeSH D12.776.467.100. ... fibroblast growth factor 4 MeSH D12.776.624.664.700.112 - fibroblast growth factor 6 MeSH D12.776.624.664.700.114 - fms-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

"Human transcription factor YY1 represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription and virion production". Journal of ... deacetylase with COUP-TF in tumorigenic Ad12-transformed cells and its potential role in shut-off of MHC class I transcription ... and MEF2-interacting transcription repressor (MITR) contributes to transcriptional repression of the MEF2 transcription factor ... "The leukaemia-associated transcription factors EVI-1 and MDS1/EVI1 repress transcription and interact with histone deacetylase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDAC1

"This is my coup story." A story in the Great Falls Tribune noted, "When the station was replaying programming that originated ... The transcription uses an official, technically accurate alphabet and the authors of this book have classified entries and ... According to the UNESCO Factor 9: Amount and Quality of Documentation, there may be adequate grammar or sufficient amount of ... According to the UNESCO Factor 1: Intergenerational Transmission, Blackfoot is classified under severely endangered. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfoot_language

... but also to other transcription factors. This binding often results in deactivation of the second transcription factor in a ... were all members of the COUP-TF, RXR, and FTZ-F1 groups of receptors. Both COUP-TF and FTZ-F1 are orphan receptors, and RXR is ... hence these receptors are classified as transcription factors. The regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors often ... referred to as transcription coregulators) that facilitate or inhibit the transcription of the associated target gene into mRNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor

... which goes on to activate certain transcription factors such as NFAT, NF-κB, and AP-1. These transcription factors regulate the ... Lck has been shown to interact with: ADAM15, CD2, CD44, CD4, COUP-TFII, DLG1, NOTCH1, PIK3CA, PTPN6, PTPRC, UNC119, SYK, UBE3A ... Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (January 2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection". Current HIV Research. 3 ( ... "Signal transduction through decay-accelerating factor. Interaction of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor and protein tyrosine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lck

Applied analysts make great use of the psychobiography, while academics tend to analyze transcriptions in search of traits and ... Relate personality to key issues, emphasizing in which direction the psychological factors point. Estimate drives, values, and ... when most leaders of coups emerge), or in old age, when leaders, especially narcissists, feel the reins of power slipping and ... and cognitive factors. The important thing to note about leadership analysis is the consistency of the individual's belief ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_analysis

Julet Armstrong, protagonist of the 2018 Kate Atkinson World War II novel Transcription, works for MI5 for a time in the Scrubs ... A 2021 inquest subsequently identified the prison's failure to provide food and medication as contributing factors to the death ... Billy Liar The Man In Possession The Spy Who Came in from the Cold The Horse's Mouth Hot Millions Frenzy A Very British Coup ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Prison_Wormwood_Scrubs

These variations are largely free, though there are conditioning factors. /l/ tends to [n] especially in words with both /l/ ... in making handwritten transcriptions of Hawaiian vowels. The missionaries specifically requested their sponsor in Boston to ... The decline of the Hawaiian language was accelerated by the coup that overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and dethroned the ... implications for revitalization efforts as language attitudes and trends in existing language domains are both UNESCO factors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_language

In 1799, Napoleon took over as head of the French government in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and declared the French Revolution over ... Ferling attributes Adams's defeat to five factors: the stronger organization of the Republicans; Federalist disunity; the ... "Declaration of Independence: A Transcription". United States National Archives. November 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2018. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams

Not only letters and diaries of combat soldiers indicate that ideology was a considerable factor in German combat effectiveness ... significantly reducing the coup risk Hitler faced from building an effective army. However, as the successor to a ... Using transcriptions of secret records of conversations among POWs, they conclude that most soldiers were not interested in ... politics were not a factor. During World War II, the German military had thousands of its members executed, often for the most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism_and_the_Wehrmacht

Another major factor contributed to the Bulgarian request for an armistice. A mass of retreating Bulgarian mutineers had ... transcriptions of primary source documents, listing which units redeployed to Salonika Falls 1933, pp. 31-32, 42-50. Falls 1933 ... With Allied assistance, they launched a coup which secured Thessaloniki and most of Greek Macedonia for Venizelos. From that ... After the entry of the Ottoman Empire into the war on the side of the Central Powers (November 1914), the decisive factor in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_front

"Interview: Michael Shuman on the 'Feed' soundtrack". Coup De Main. Azerrad, Michael. "THE REAL STORY ABOUT MARK SANDMAN". {{ ... Canarsie was misspelled as "Canarsey" in the transcription. Frydberg, Tracy (July 22, 2012). "Justin tweets tween Madison to ... "Who is Raign? 8 facts about the controversial X Factor 2014 contestant". Metro. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism_and_pop_and_rock_music

Transcription by Andrew Pollack for the Encyclopaedia of Trotskyism On-Line. Brown, Scot, Fighting for US: Maulana Karenga, the ... It is often described as an attempted military coup. Williams, who was accused of upholding colonial and capitalist power ... dictating that black Americans create their own identities despite being subjected to pre-existing societal factors. "Black ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_power

He was ousted in a 1975 "boardroom coup" led by Anthony Conrad, who became the new company president. Conrad resigned less than ... "RCA Program Transcription Album Discography (1931-33)". bsnpubs.com. Both Sides Now Publications. Retrieved August 19, 2015. A ... which would be an important factor in helping RCA survive the economic pressures of the Great Depression that began in late ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA

Standish led two early military raids on Indian villages: the raid to find and punish Corbitant for his attempted coup, and the ... Note: this reference contains partial transcriptions of Winslow's Mourt's Relations and Bradford's Of Plimoth Plantation, which ... created great hardship for the colonists for many years and was directly cited by William Bradford as a contributing factor to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony

The sole factor for the higher frequency and more vivid descriptions from the Neo-Assyrian Empire is that the Assyrians were ... Through a well-developed network of spies and informants, Esarhaddon uncovered all of these coup attempts and in 670 BC had a ... such as the Rassam cylinder of Ashurbanipal Rassam cylinder transcription in "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu. "The country ... Perhaps the motivating factor was that Sargon did not feel safe at Nimrud after the early conspiracies against him. As ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire

Upon returning to England he was assigned to the Human factors Branch of Operations research at the War Office. In 1949, he was ... Although Cybersyn was abandoned after Allende's death during the Pinochet coup in 1973, Beer continued to work in the Americas ... "Designing Freedom" The 1973 Massey Lectures RADIO CANADA INTERNATIONAL TRANSCRIPTION: E1121 "The Real Threat to all We Most ... but was interrupted by the 1973 coup d'état. The Viable System Model (VSM) is a model of the organisational structure of any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafford_Beer

This factor also played an important role in the synthesis of cultures. The Hindustani language (Hindi/Urdu) began to emerge in ... Muiz ud-Din Kaiqabad was assassinated and Jalal-ad din took power in a military coup. He was around 70 years old at the time of ... and their chancellery rescripts bore transcriptions in the Devanagari script of the Persian contents. The practice is said to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate

It could have been a combination of both factors. In 1823, the Graz Music Society gave Schubert an honorary diploma. He felt ... Puech, Benjamin (2019-02-07). "La Symphonie n°8 de Schubert achevée à coups d'intelligence artificielle". Le Figaro (in French ... using the transcription of the first two movements prepared by Hüttenbrenner, his own completion of Schubert's Scherzo, and the ... Rosamunde entr'acte in a transcription by Friedrich Hermann, edited by Goldstone. The work in this completed version was given ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Schubert)

What judges have wrought is a coup d'état - slow moving and genteel, but a coup d'état nonetheless. Leiter, Brian (March 19, ... CQ Transcriptions (Senator Kohl) (July 14, 2009). "Key Excerpt: Sotomayor on Bush v. Gore". The Washington Post. Archived from ... partisan and sometimes even political factors playing a role. The fear of mental decline and death often motivates justices to ... CQ Transcriptions (January 13, 2006). "U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on Judge Samuel Alito's Nomination to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States

The location of Yerevan itself, is an inspiring factor for the foreigners to visit the city in order to enjoy the view of the ... The transcription of the second cuneiform bu [original emphasis] of the word was very essential in our interpretation as it is ... Serzh Sargsyan announced on the Public Television of Armenia that their respective agencies have prevented an attempted coup ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan

In addition, the coup that allowed Isabella to take the throne from Joana of Avis and the Catholic Monarchs to marry had ... A literal transcription of the verdict and sentence. If the accused has been accused of more than one thing the sentence ... The use of religion as a unifying factor across a land that was allowed to stay diverse and maintain different laws in other ... The transcription of a new speech by the procurator stating his view of the declarations and wrapping the witnesses' testimony ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition

"Expression profiling in primates reveals a rapid evolution of human transcription factors". Nature. 440 (7081): 242-245. ... Her time there was cut short when the Chilean government of Salvador Allende was overthrown in a CIA-backed military coup on ... King in recent years has developed a deep interest in studying the genetic factors influencing schizophrenia. In collaboration ... skeptical about the usefulness of genetics in studying more common and complex diseases involving both multiple genetic factors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary-Claire_King

... and some regard the bombings as the deciding factor, but others see the bombs as a minor factor, and yet others assess their ... "United States Strategic Bombing Survey; Summary Report" (Transcription of original work). Report. United States Government ... Once these coup attempts had failed, senior leaders of the air force and Navy ordered bombing and kamikaze raids on the U.S. ... The mainstream position in the United States from 1945 to the 1960s regarded the bombings as the decisive factor in ending the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki

After this coup, the war between Demak and Daha receded, since Raden Patah, Sultan of Demak, left Daha alone like his father ... The great prosperity of Majapahit was probably due to two factors. Firstly, the northeast lowlands of Java were suitable for ... Javanese Texts in Transcription (3rd (revised) ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1960b). ... of Majapahit Kingdom A brief history of Majapahit Archived 1 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine A Complete Transcription of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit

Latitude is an insignificant factor in the variation of temperature while altitude shows greater contrast in temperature. Thus ... However, wealthier families were able to preserve transcriptions of these epics as family heirlooms, particularly in Mindanao. ... and coup attempts. A communist insurgency and a military conflict with Moro separatists persisted, while the administration ... 2001). "Cultural Landmarks and their Interactions with Economic Factors in the Second Millennium in the Philippines". Kinaadman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

No religious factors were involved in the revolution: all the revolutionaries and royalists agreed to support Catholicism. ... The fascist author Hugo Wast would describe the Revolution as a military coup carried out by military leaders, and where the ... as the quotes kept do not come from transcriptions or recordings but from memories wrote years later or from oral tradition. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_the_May_Revolution

Education has long been a prime factor in the centralization of Bangkok and will play a vital role in the government's efforts ... The latest gubernatorial election took place on 22 May 2022 after an extended lapse following the 2014 Thai coup d'état, and ... In contrast to the 169-letter-long transcription provided above in this article, the form recorded in the Guinness World ... are major triggering factors. Severe flooding affecting much of the city occurred in 1995 and 2011. In 2011, most of Bangkok's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok

It was banned in some places such as Libya after Moammar Gaddafi's 1969 coup, in favour of exclusive Arabic script. Since at ... the crucial factor in Latinising these remaining groups that resisted full integration was granting them Roman citizenship ( ... Kabyle intelligentsia began to stimulate the transition and especially since the establishment of a standard transcription for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script

"COUP Transcription Factors" by people in this website by year, and whether "COUP Transcription Factors" was a major or minor ... COUP transcription factors can heterodimerize with a variety of factors including RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS; THYROID HORMONE ... "COUP Transcription Factors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "COUP Transcription Factors" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/120680

Involvement of the histone deacetylase SIRT1 in chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF)-interacting ... CTIP1 is a transcription factor that regulates both subtype- and area-specific identity [10,11]. Despite its close homology to ... Transcription factor programming of human ES cells generates functional neurons expressing both upper and deep layer cortical ... Moreover, the transcription factors CTIP2 and CTIP1 (BCL11B, BCL11A; [69]), which are differentially expressed with subtype- ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0254113

COUP transcription factor is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Nature 340(6229): 163-166, 1989. PMID: 2739739. DOI ... Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) knock-down enhanced the protein levels of p-Akt, p- ... Knock-down of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) promoted cell migration and invasion. (A ... The orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) belongs to the superfamily ...

https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/40/1/177

Solution structure of the Zinc finger, C4-type domain of human COUP transcription factor 1. ... regulation of transcription, DNA-templated (GO:0006355). GO function:. DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700), ... They were first identified as a DNA-binding motif in transcription factor TFIIIA from Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), ... The nuclear hormone receptors are a superfamily of ligand-activated DNA-binding transcription factors. We have determined the ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=ZnF_C4&START=165&END=236&E_VALUE=1.84e-34&TYPE=SMART&BLAST=AHFCAVCSDYASGYHYGVWSCEGCKAFFKRSIQGHNDYICPATNQCTIDKNRRKSCQACRLRKCYEVGMVKC

COUP Transcription Factor II / genetics* * COUP Transcription Factor II / metabolism * Cell Line ... NR2F2 encodes a pleiotropic developmental transcription factor, and decreased dosage of NR2F2 in mice has been shown to result ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24702954/

The COUP transcription factor UNC-55 has been previously shown to prevent the expression of the DD synaptic pattern in the VD ... ALR-1 acts together with the UNC-55 COUP transcription factor to regulate the differentiation of a GABAergic MN type in C. ... Thus, ALR-1 acts together with a member of the well-conserved COUP transcription factor family to regulate the differentiation ... COUP transcription factors have been implicated in neurogenesis,neuronal differentiation, migration and axonal guidance(Qiu et ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/132/8/1935/43298/Regulation-of-chemosensory-and-GABAergic-motor

In line with this result, we found that the functionally related transcription factors Coup-TFII and Sox18 are also dispensable ... In mammals, the homeodomain transcription factor Prox1 acts as the central regulator of lymphatic cell fate. Its restricted ...

https://repub.eur.nl/pub/82416

COUP Transcription Factor I D12.776.260.698.209.39.249 D12.776.260.643.39.249 D12.776.930.669.209.39.249 COUP Transcription ... Transcription Factor Brn-3 D12.776.930.632.625 D12.776.930.710.625 Transcription Factor Brn-3A D12.776.930.632.625.500 D12.776. ... 930.710.625.500 Transcription Factor Brn-3B D12.776.930.632.625.750 D12.776.930.710.625.750 Transcription Factor Brn-3C D12.776 ... Octamer Transcription Factor-1 D12.776.930.632.500.100 D12.776.930.710.500.100 Octamer Transcription Factor-2 D12.776.930.632. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2016.txt

COUP Transcription Factors Entry term(s). COUP TF Proteins COUP-TF Proteins Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription ... Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factors. Transcription Factors, COUP. Tree number(s):. D12.776.260.643.039. ... Facteurs de transcription COUP-TF Entry term(s):. COUP TF Proteins. COUP-TF Proteins. Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter ... COUP transcription factors can heterodimerize with a variety of factors including RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS; THYROID HORMONE ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=50978

COUP Transcription Factors 100% * Steroidogenic Factor 1 86% * Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 63% ... Ubc9 and protein inhibitor of activated STAT 1 activate chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor I-mediated ... Factor XII Shizuoka, a novel mutation (Ala392Thr) identified and characterized in a patient with congenital coagulation factor ... COUP-TF and transcriptional co-regulators in adrenal steroidogenesis. Shibata, H., Kobayashi, S., Kurihara, I., Suda, N., ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/ja/organisations/3012-health-center/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&page=6

Although transcription factors are known to regulate synaptic plasticity, downstream genes that contribute to neural circuit ... This remodeling program is blocked in Ventral D (VD) GABAergic motor neurons by the COUP-TF (chicken ovalbumin upstream ... Moreover, the well established roles of these conserved transcription factors in mammalian neural development suggest that a ... and transcription factors. We show that one of these targets, the Iroquois-like homeodomain protein, IRX-1, functions as a key ...

https://lab.vanderbilt.edu/miller-lab/publication/a-transcriptional-program-promotes-remodeling-of-gabaergic-synapses-in-caenorhabditis-elegans/

Project Title: Role of the transcription factor COUP-TFII in early erythropoiesis. ...

http://www.dimet.org/portfolio_category/xxxv-phd-course/

... relies on COUP-TFI (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor I), a patterning transcription factor with graded ... Thus, we conclude that a sharp boundary requires a subtle interplay between patterning transcription factors and differential ... COUP-TFI specifies the medial entorhinal cortex identity and induces differential cell adhesion to determine the integrity of ... Neocórtex , Fator I de Transcrição COUP/metabolismo , Adesão Celular , Córtex Entorrinal , Neocórtex/metabolismo , Fatores de ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Patterson,+Denis

COUP transcription f. xPF7CII1Mu. Size: 0.2-1mg. Price Request Quote. Request Quote. Details. ...

https://lifeome.com/protein-expression-uniprot-id-f7-c-21_356_399.html

COUP Transcription Factors. *Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein. *E2F Transcription Factors. *Early Growth Response Transcription ... "CDX2 Transcription Factor" by people in this website by year, and whether "CDX2 Transcription Factor" was a major or minor ... "CDX2 Transcription Factor" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... An antennapedia-like homeodomain transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA ...

https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/21256831

COUP-TF interacting protein 2) have been shown to be required for callosal and corticospinal axon growth respectively from ... Our work shows that although expression of these transcription factors correlates well with the appearance of directed axon ... The transcription factors Satb2 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2) and Ctip2 ( ... The transcription factors Satb2 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2) and Ctip2 (COUP-TF interacting protein 2) have ...

https://www.stemcells.ox.ac.uk/publications/222364

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/I/mnchg2016.txt

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2016.txt

https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2016.txt

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2016.txt

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2016.txt

THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MEF2 IS A NOVEL REGULATOR OF GSTA1 EXPRESSION IN MA-10 LEY-DIG CELLS ... THE NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COUP-TFII ACTIVATES STAR GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN COOPERATION WITH CAMKI IN LEYDIG CELLS ... VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) EXPRESSION FROM NEUROENDOCRINE (NE) CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INVASIVE PHENOTYPE AND ... MEF2 AND COUP-TFII COOPERATE TO REGULATE AKR1C14 GENE EXPRESSION IN MOUSE MA-10 LEYDIG ...

https://andrologysociety.org/trainee-merit-award/

MAF bZIP transcription factor F [So.... MAS1. 4142. MAS1. MAS1 proto-oncogene, G protein-coup.... ... TFT: Transcription Factor Targets TFT:GTRD: GTRD TFT:TFT_Legacy: TFT_Legacy C4: Computational CGN: Cancer Gene Neighborhoods CM ...

https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/GSE37605_TREG_VS_TCONV_NOD_FOXP3_FUSION_GFP_UP.html

transcription factor activity. • protein binding. • zinc ion binding. • transcription repressor activity. • protein ... COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) • subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone ( ... transcription. • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent. • negative regulation of transcription. • caudate nucleus ... Transcription factors and intracellular receptors. (1) Basic domains. (1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP). Activating ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/FOXP2.html

RA Zhang L. J., Liu X., Gafken P. R., Kioussi C., Leid M. RT A chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor I (COUP ... IN T08505 COUP-TF1; human, Homo sapiens. IN T05220 Evi-1; human, Homo sapiens. IN T10210 Evi-1; human, Homo sapiens. IN T34374 ... TRANSFAC FACTOR TABLE, Release 2017.2 - public - 2017-06-30, (C) QIAGEN. AC T28757 XX ID T28757 XX DT 17.10.2006 (created); sou ... complex represses expression of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8). RL J. Biol. Chem. ...

http://factor.genexplain.com/cgi-bin/transfac_factor/getTF.cgi?AC=T28757

Quite different from upstream promoter transcription factor I (COUP-TF1), which itself is coactivated by the the back of the ...

https://www.chicagonewsdaily.com/zion-labs-oxandrolone.html

In addition, other transcription factors (such as NAC, bZIP and TCP) might participate in HRW-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis ... The MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex accounted for the majority of the transcription factors found to be involved in anthocyanin ... In addition, the co-up-regulation of NAC and MYB implied that the activation of MYB might be associated with NAC. In our study ... Expression profiling of transcription factors associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Transcription factors play important ...

https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-018-1449-4

The expression of several growth inhibitory and pro-apoptotic factors such as activating transcription factor 3(ATF3 ), p21, ... COUP-TFI modulates estrogen signaling and influences proliferation, survival and migration of breast cancer cells. Breast ... These natural compounds are also effective modulators of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. These effects explain their ... Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor interacts with estrogen receptor response elements and half-sites, and ...

https://cdrjournal.com/article/view/3692

The "Transcription Factor" column identifies individual transcription factors recognized by GeneCodis as capable of controlling ... Faedo A, Tomassy GS, Ruan Y, Teichmann H, Krauss S, Pleasure SJ, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, Studer M, Rubenstein JL: COUP-TFI ... The "Transcription Factor" column identifies individual transcription factors recognized by GeneCodis as capable of controlling ... Table 1 Transcription factors with recognition binding sites located in the mPttg1 promoter Full size table. ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-15-1019

Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1), a member of the forkhead box transcription factor family, is an important transcriptional regulator of crucial proteins involved in several cancers ( 16 ). (iiarjournals.org)
In the CYTOPLASM , I-kappa B proteins bind to the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B. Cell stimulation causes its dissociation and translocation of active NF-kappa B to the nucleus. (bvsalud.org)
of the transcription factor proteins (see ?Zinc Fingers? (infoholix.net)

Background/Aim: The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) regulates cancer cell proliferation and invasion via complex molecular mechanisms. (iiarjournals.org)
An antennapedia-like homeodomain transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. (ucdenver.edu)
In Drosophila , there is now compelling evidence that individual multipotent neuroblasts express a sequence of progenitor transcription factors which, in turn, regulates the postmitotic transcription factors that specify neuronal/glial temporal identities. (silverchair.com)
EZH2 regulates the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes through association with REA, an estrogen receptor corepressor. (jefferson.edu)
Recent studies suggest that glucose regulates gene transcription in the liver. (omeka.net)
A Prospero-related homeodomain protein is a novel co-regulator of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha that regulates the cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene. (omeka.net)

In mammals, the homeodomain transcription factor Prox1 acts as the central regulator of lymphatic cell fate. (eur.nl)

The receptors function as dimeric molecules in nuclei to regulate the transcription of target genes in a ligand-responsive manner. (embl.de)
These response elements position the receptors, and the complexes recruited by them, close to the genes of which transcription is affected. (embl.de)
Although transcription factors are known to regulate synaptic plasticity, downstream genes that contribute to neural circuit remodeling are largely undefined. (vanderbilt.edu)
We exploited this UNC-55 function to identify downstream synaptic remodeling genes that encode a diverse array of protein types including ion channels, cytoskeletal components, and transcription factors. (vanderbilt.edu)
The regulatory genes, which regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis at the transcriptional level, encode transcription factors (TFs). (biomedcentral.com)
It represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target genes by recruiting HISTONE DEACETYLASES . (nih.gov)
Hundreds of genes have been identified, including several transcription factors, which have expression patterns tightly correlated with ESC differentiation. (proteinlounge.com)
Using classic molecular biology methods (gene promoter characterization) and the use of various cell line models, we have contributed significantly to a better understanding of the genes and network of genes targeted by GATA factors. (ulaval.ca)
Continuing along this path, we are now very interested in defining: 1) the sub-group of genes directly targeted by GATA factors (i.e. those requiring a direct GATA bond) and 2) how GATA genes are regulated (at the transcriptional and post-translational levels). (ulaval.ca)
It also inhibits transcription for genes that encode IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha, all of which are involved in the early stages of T-cell activation. (medscape.com)

The orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) belongs to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid hormone receptors with highly conserved motifs ( 7 ). (iiarjournals.org)
This remodeling program is blocked in Ventral D (VD) GABAergic motor neurons by the COUP-TF (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor) homolog, UNC-55. (vanderbilt.edu)
19112178 . RA Zhang L. J., Liu X., Gafken P. R., Kioussi C., Leid M. RT A chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor I (COUP-TFI) complex represses expression of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8). (genexplain.com)
Ubc9 interacts with chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor I and represses receptor-dependent transcription. (keio.ac.jp)

Quite different from upstream promoter transcription factor I (COUP-TF1), which itself is coactivated by the the back of the spinal canal between adjacent spinous processes (bony projection of the vertebra) or laminae (posterior wall of the vertebra) to reach the epidural space. (chicagonewsdaily.com)
Analysis of the mPttg1 promoter region identified specific recognition sites for numerous transcription factors which were also found to be differentially expressed in RasGrf1 KO pancreatic islets and are known to be relevant for Ras-ERK signaling as well as beta cell function. (biomedcentral.com)

Our work shows that although expression of these transcription factors correlates well with the appearance of directed axon growth during cortical development, the transcriptional code underlying the bi-directional axonal projections of early neocortical neurons is not likely to be the result of Satb2/Ctip2 co-expression. (ox.ac.uk)

The protein levels of forkhead box C1 (FOXC1), p-Akt, p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β), and β-catenin, which are known to be involved in cell proliferation and invasion, were significantly increased in COUP-TFII shRNA-HT-29 cells. (iiarjournals.org)

MAF bZIP transcription factor F [So. (gsea-msigdb.org)
In addition, other transcription factors (such as NAC, bZIP and TCP) might participate in HRW-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

ISY1 splicing factor homolog [Sourc. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Moreover, the well established roles of these conserved transcription factors in mammalian neural development suggest that a similar cascade may also control synaptic plasticity in more complex nervous systems. (vanderbilt.edu)

Recent reports have shown that COUP-TFII significantly contributes to the regulation of metabolism and angiogenesis in metastasis, tumor progression, and tumor formation ( 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Evidence suggests that COUP-TFII promotes tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation and invasion ( 10 , 11 ). (iiarjournals.org)
However, COUP-TFII has also been reported to act as a tumor suppressor. (iiarjournals.org)
The formation of tumor resistance is complex and based on intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms which include increased efflux of chemotherapeutics (e.g., by ABC transporters), increased DNA repair, mutation or alteration of drug targets, epigenetic mechanisms such as epigenetic regulation of gene expression and/or of protein drug targets, induction of senescence, factors in the tumor microenvironment, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [ 4 , 5 ] . (cdrjournal.com)
The current state of the anticancer activities of DIM and its synthetic derivatives is presented in this review with a focus on cancer drug resistance, tumor growth inhibition, and new insights concerning their effects on signaling pathways and transcription factors. (cdrjournal.com)

NR2F2 encodes a pleiotropic developmental transcription factor, and decreased dosage of NR2F2 in mice has been shown to result in abnormal development of atrioventricular septa. (nih.gov)

Building on recently identified central molecular controls over SCPN development, we used a combination of synthetic modified mRNA (modRNA) for Fezf2 , the central transcription factor controlling SCPN specification, and small molecule screening to investigate whether distinct chromatin modifiers might complement Fezf2 functions to promote SCPN-specific differentiation by mouse ES (mES)-derived cortical-like neurons. (plos.org)

Connective tissue growth factor gene expression in tissue sections from localized scleroderma, keloid, and other fibrotic skin disorders. (medscape.com)

COUP Transcription Factors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)

Considering the very short generation time for a virus, and the high error rate associated with the reverse transcription step of HBV replication, decades of HBV infection are probably equivalent to million years of human evolution. (medsci.org)
By reverse transcription PCR, tissues from 32 (62%) case-patients (brains from 8 infants with microcephaly and placental/fetal tissues from 24 women) were positive for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
Tissue-based reverse transcription PCR extends the time frame of Zika virus detection in congenital and pregnancy-associated infections. (cdc.gov)

Steroid or nuclear hormone receptors constitute an important superfamily of transcription regulators that are involved in widely diverse physiological functions, including control of embryonic development, cell differentiation and homeostasis. (embl.de)
In fact, the range of action of GATA factors now includes gonads where they control the early development of testis and ovaries, sexual differentiation and steroidogenesis. (ulaval.ca)

Prox1, an early specific marker for developing liver and pancreas in foregut endoderm has recently been shown to interact with alpha-fetoprotein transcription factor and repress cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene transcription. (omeka.net)

During the pas years, our main objective was to understand the physiological roles played by the transcription factor family, GATA. (ulaval.ca)

Here,we examine the hypothesis that the regulatory principles underlying this mode of temporal specification are shared between insects and mammals, even if some of the factors themselves are not. (silverchair.com)

In addition, ectopic expression of COUP-TFII is reported to inhibit liver metastasis in vivo , as well as cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro ( 13 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and agonist inhibit cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription. (omeka.net)

Because of their well-established role in other tissues such as the heart and digestive system, we proposed that GATA factors could play roles of the same importance in the developmental and functional regulation of gonads. (ulaval.ca)

Indoles are also prominent dietary compounds, and indole alkaloid derivatives of Brassica species such as indole glucosinolates, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) display distinct anticancer activities based on apoptosis induction as well as suppression of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling [Figure 1] [ 11 - 13 ] . (cdrjournal.com)

The transcription factors Satb2 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2) and Ctip2 (COUP-TF interacting protein 2) have been shown to be required for callosal and corticospinal axon growth respectively from subtypes of cerebral cortex projection neurons. (ox.ac.uk)

For example, overexpression of COUP-TFII in breast cancer cell lines leads to increased expression of cyclin D1 and p21, resulting in reduced cell growth and plating efficiency ( 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
In line with this, expression of COUP-TFII has been shown to be reduced in human gastric cancer cells compared to normal cells ( 13 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Examining the relationship between early axon growth and transcription factor expression in the developing cerebral cortex. (ox.ac.uk)

Direct factor Xa inhibition attenuates acute lung injury progression via modulation of the PAR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway. (e-century.us)

FOXP2 is a member of the large FOX family of transcription factors . (bionity.com)

In order to overcome these resistance factors, thorough knowledge of these mechanisms is necessary in addition to the identification of new drugs. (cdrjournal.com)

Atchison L, Ghias A, Wilkinson F, Bonini N, Atchison ML. Transcription factor YY1 functions as a PcG protein in vivo. (jefferson.edu)

Thus, further investigation into the role of COUP-TFII in CRC is required. (iiarjournals.org)

Steroid hormones act on cells by passing through the cell membrane, entering the nucleus, binding to DNA, and initiating gene transcription and protein production, hgh fragment 176-191 cycle length. (the-seeds.net)

Glucose stimulates cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene transcription in human hepatocytes. (omeka.net)
It is known that functional deficiencies in certain GATA factors are associated to human diseases and we believe the same applies to the reproductive system. (ulaval.ca)

Our recent work has already highlighted the potential involvement of these factors in various pathologies such as breast cancer, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome and cases of sexual reversion associated to AMH production deficiency. (ulaval.ca)

In line with this result, we found that the functionally related transcription factors Coup-TFII and Sox18 are also dispensable for lymphangiogenesis. (eur.nl)
The MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex accounted for the majority of the transcription factors found to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and levels of transcripts for this complex were in accordance with the anthocyanin concentrations observed. (biomedcentral.com)

We aimed to investigate whether COUP-TFII modulates proliferation and invasion of the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. (iiarjournals.org)
Results: Cell proliferation and invasion were significantly enhanced in COUP-TFII shRNA-HT-29 cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Extracellular galectin-3 facilitates colon cancer cell migration and is related to the epidermal growth factor receptor. (e-century.us)

Role of the transcription factor COUP-TFII in early erythropoiesis. (dimet.org)

Together, these factors form a ternary complex, the MYB-bHLH-WD repeat (MBW) complex, to orchestrate anthocyanin biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke? (onlinebestessays.com)

The coactivators may act through an enzymatic process that affects the rate of transcription or the structure of chromatin. (nih.gov)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "COUP Transcription Factors" by people in this website by year, and whether "COUP Transcription Factors" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)

Transcriptome analysis of radish sprouts hypocotyls reveals the regulatory role of hydrogen-rich water in anthocyanin... (bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com)

3,3'-Diindolylmethane and its derivatives: nature-inspired strategies tackling drug resistant tumors by regulation of signal... (cdrjournal.com)

Testosterone boiron avis, un stéroïde def | Profile (akwaabawellness.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms8

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs138

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

The orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII is required for angiogenesis and heart development. (1/113)

Expression of ptc and gli genes in talpid3 suggests bifurcation in Shh pathway. (2/113)

Heterodimeric interactions between chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor family members ARP1 and ear2. (3/113)

Functional study of the E276Q mutant hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha found in type 1 maturity-onset diabetes of the young: impaired synergy with chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II on the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 promoter. (4/113)

Dorsal and ventral retinal territories defined by retinoic acid synthesis, break-down and nuclear receptor expression. (5/113)

Sagittal band expression of COUP-TF2 gene in the developing cerebellum. (6/113)

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II, a new partner of the glucose response element of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene, acts as an inhibitor of the glucose response. (7/113)

Functional interactions between C/EBP, Sp1, and COUP-TF regulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene transcription in human brain cells. (8/113)

COUP Transcription Factors

COUP Transcription Factor I

COUP Transcription Factor II

Transcription Factors

Transcription, Genetic

Scleroderma, Localized

Promoter Regions, Genetic

DNA-Binding Proteins

Forehead

Facial Hemiatrophy

Sp1 Transcription Factor

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Gene Expression Regulation

Transcriptional Activation

Binding Sites

Trans-Activators

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

RNA, Messenger

Protein Binding

Nuclear Proteins

Transcription Factor AP-1

Repressor Proteins

Cell Line

Forkhead Transcription Factors

Homeodomain Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Signal Transduction

Amino Acid Sequence

DNA

Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors

Transcription Factor AP-2

Mutation

Scalp Dermatoses

Cell Nucleus

Cell Differentiation

Transfection

Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors, TFII

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

Genes, Reporter

YY1 Transcription Factor

HeLa Cells

STAT3 Transcription Factor

GATA4 Transcription Factor

Transcription Factor TFIID

Cells, Cultured

Activating Transcription Factor 3

NFATC Transcription Factors

Sp3 Transcription Factor

Transcription Initiation Site

NF-kappa B

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Zinc Fingers

Paired Box Transcription Factors

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

Activating Transcription Factor 2

Transcription Factor TFIIB

Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

E2F1 Transcription Factor

RNA Polymerase II

Gene Expression Profiling

Cloning, Molecular

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors

MEF2 Transcription Factors

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Plasmids

GATA3 Transcription Factor

GATA1 Transcription Factor

GATA2 Transcription Factor

Gene Expression

Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal

TCF Transcription Factors

GATA Transcription Factors

Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor

Luciferases

STAT1 Transcription Factor

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Activating Transcription Factors