Cotyledon. Medical search

A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.

The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.

One or more types of plant seed proteins providing the large amounts of AMINO ACIDS utilized in GERMINATION and SEEDLING growth. As seeds are the major food source from AGRICULTURAL CROPS, seed storage proteins are a major source of DIETARY PROTEINS.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta.

A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE known for its peppery red root.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.

A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).

A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

The process of embryo initiation in culture from vegetative, non-gametic, sporophytic, or somatic plant cells.

Common name for Ricinus communis, a species in the family EUPHORBIACEAE. It is the source of CASTOR OIL.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of SPARTEINE, lupanine and other lupin alkaloids.

Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.

Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins.

A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the edible fruit.

A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).

Proteins which are present in or isolated from vegetables or vegetable products used as food. The concept is distinguished from PLANT PROTEINS which refers to non-dietary proteins from plants.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE, order Euphorbiales, subclass Rosidae. The seed of Ricinus communis L. is the CASTOR BEAN which is the source of CASTOR OIL; RICIN; and other lectins.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A blue-green biliprotein widely distributed in the plant kingdom.

The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.

The primary plant photoreceptor responsible for perceiving and mediating responses to far-red light. It is a PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASE that is translocated to the CELL NUCLEUS in response to light signals.

Proteins which are present in or isolated from SOYBEANS.

The fixed oil obtained from the dried ripe seed of linseed, Linum usitatissimum (L. Linaceae). It is used as an emollient in liniments, pastes, and medicinal soaps, and in veterinary medicine as a laxative. It is also called flaxseed oil. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Shoot apical meristem and cotyledon formation during Arabidopsis embryogenesis: interaction among the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS genes. (1/470)

The shoot apical meristem and cotyledons of higher plants are established during embryogenesis in the apex. Redundant CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) and CUC2 as well as SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) of Arabidopsis are required for shoot apical meristem formation and cotyledon separation. To elucidate how the apical region of the embryo is established, we investigated genetic interactions among CUC1, CUC2 and STM, as well as the expression patterns of CUC2 and STM mRNA. Expression of these genes marked the incipient shoot apical meristem as well as the boundaries of cotyledon primordia, consistent with their roles for shoot apical meristem formation and cotyledon separation. Genetic and expression analyses indicate that CUC1 and CUC2 are redundantly required for expression of STM to form the shoot apical meristem, and that STM is required for proper spatial expression of CUC2 to separate cotyledons. A model for pattern formation in the apical region of the Arabidopsis embryo is presented. (+info)

Enhancer-like properties of an RNA element that modulates Tombusvirus RNA accumulation. (2/470)

Prototypical defective interfering (DI) RNAs of the plus-strand RNA virus tomato bushy stunt virus contain four noncontiguous segments (regions I-IV) derived from the viral genome. Region I corresponds to 5'-noncoding sequence, regions II and III are derived from internal positions, and region IV represents a 3'-terminal segment. We analyzed the internally located region III in a prototypical DI RNA to understand better its role in DI RNA accumulation. Our results indicate that (1) region III is not essential for DI RNA accumulation, but molecules that lack it accumulate at significantly reduced levels ( approximately 10-fold lower), (2) region III is able to function at different positions and in opposite orientations, (3) a single copy of region III is favored over multiple copies, (4) the stimulatory effect observed on DI RNA accumulation is not due to region III-mediated RNA stabilization, (5) DI RNAs lacking region III permit the efficient accumulation of head-to-tail dimers and are less effective at suppressing helper RNA accumulation, and (6) negative-strand accumulation is also significantly depressed for DI RNAs lacking region III. Collectively, these results support a role for region III as an enhancer-like element that facilitates DI RNA replication. A scanning-type mutagenesis strategy was used to define portions of region III important for its stimulatory effect on DI RNA accumulation. Interestingly, the results revealed several differences in the requirements for activity when region III was in the forward versus the reverse orientation. In the context of the viral genome, region III was found to be essential for biological activity. This latter finding defines a critical role for this element in the reproductive cycle of the virus. (+info)

Posttranslational removal of the carboxyl-terminal KDEL of the cysteine protease SH-EP occurs prior to maturation of the enzyme. (3/470)

SH-EP is a cysteine protease from germinating mung bean (Vigna mungo) that possesses a carboxyl-terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, KDEL. In order to examine the function of the ER retention sequence, we expressed a full-length cDNA of SH-EP and a minus-KDEL control in insect Sf-9 cells using the baculovirus system. Our observations on the synthesis, processing, and trafficking of SH-EP in Sf-9 cells suggest that the KDEL ER-retention sequence is posttranslationally removed either while the protein is still in the ER or immediately after its exit from the ER, resulting in the accumulation of proSH-EP minus its KDEL signal. It is this intermediate form that appears to progress through the endomembrane system and is subsequently processed to form mature active SH-EP. The removal of an ER retention may regulate protein delivery to a functional site and present an alternative role for ER retention sequences in addition to their well established role in maintaining the protein composition of the ER lumen. (+info)

Cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase during postgerminative growth. Its expression and action on lipid bodies. (4/470)

In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), high lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) activity has been detected in the soluble fraction prepared from cotyledons of germinating seeds, and the involvement of this enzyme in lipid turnover has been suggested (K. Matsui, M. Irie, T. Kajiwara, A. Hatanaka [1992] Plant Sci 85: 23-32; I. Fuessner, C. Wasternack, H. Kindl, H. Kuhn [1995] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 11849-11853). In this study we have investigated the expression of the gene lox-1, corresponding to the LOX-1 enzyme. LOX-1 expression is highly coordinated with that of a typical glyoxysomal enzyme, isocitrate lyase, during the postgerminative stage of cotyledon development. In contrast, although icl transcripts accumulated in tissue during in vitro senescence, no accumulation of lox-1 mRNA could be observed, suggesting that lox-1 plays a specialized role in fat mobilization. LOX-1 is also known to be a major lipid body protein. The partial peptide sequences of purified LOX-1 and lipid body LOX-1 entirely coincided with that deduced from the lox-1 cDNA sequence. The data strongly suggest that LOX-1 and lipid body LOX-1 are derived from a single gene and that LOX-1 can exist both in the cytosol and on the lipid bodies. We constructed an in vitro oxygenation system to address the mechanism of this dual localization and to investigate the action of LOX-1 on lipids in the lipid bodies. LOX-1 cannot act on the lipids in intact lipid bodies, although degradation of lipid body proteins, either during seedling growth or by treatment with trypsin, allows lipid bodies to become susceptible to LOX-1. We discuss the role of LOX-1 in fat mobilization and its mechanism of action. (+info)

Regulation of nitrite reductase by light and nitrate in the cotyledons of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). (5/470)

Light and nitrate are the major factors regulating the nitrite reductase (NiR) amongst various environmental and metabolic cues in plants. Hot pepper was used to investigate this regulatory mechanism of the NiR gene expression and its dependency on light and nitrate. The major results from this study are: (I) the nir partial clone (581 bp) obtained from hot pepper genomic DNA by degenerative polymerase chain reaction exhibited an amino acid sequence that is highly homologous with other plants. (II) Genomic DNA blot analysis and the NiR electrophoretic assay revealed that a small multigene family encodes NiR, which exists at least in two isoforms. (III) The light-mediated increase of NiR activity is correlated with the nitrate concentration, showing saturation kinetics above 50 mM of nitrate. (IV) Exogenous nitrate was required for the appearance of nir transcripts, but not for the enzyme activity. These results suggest that the gene expression of NiR in hot pepper is determined by the presence of nitrate at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, light has a synergistic effect on the action of nitrate on NiR levels. (+info)

Identification of a cis-regulatory element involved in phytochrome down-regulated expression of the pea small GTPase gene pra2. (6/470)

The pra2 gene encodes a pea (Pisum sativum) small GTPase belonging to the YPT/rab family, and its expression is down-regulated by light, mediated by phytochrome. We have isolated and characterized a genomic clone of this gene and constructed a fusion DNA of its 5'-upstream region in front of the gene for firefly luciferase. Using this construct in a transient assay, we determined a pra2 cis-regulatory region sufficient to direct the light down-regulation of the luciferase reporter gene. Both 5'- and internal deletion analyses revealed that the 93-bp sequence between -734 and -642 from the transcriptional start site was important for phytochrome down-regulation. Gain-of-function analysis showed that this 93-bp region could confer light down-regulation when fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Furthermore, linker-scanning analysis showed that a 12-bp sequence within the 93-bp region mediated phytochrome down-regulation. Gel-retardation analysis showed the presence of a nuclear factor that was specifically bound to the 12-bp sequence in vitro. These results indicate that this element is a cis-regulatory element involved in phytochrome down-regulated expression. (+info)

Barley coleoptile peroxidases. Purification, molecular cloning, and induction by pathogens. (7/470)

A cDNA clone encoding the Prx7 peroxidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) predicted a 341-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 36,515. N- and C-terminal putative signal peptides were present, suggesting a vacuolar location of the peroxidase. Immunoblotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that the Prx7 protein and mRNA accumulated abundantly in barley coleoptiles and in leaf epidermis inoculated with powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis). Two isoperoxidases with isoelectric points of 9.3 and 7.3 (P9.3 and P7.3, respectively) were purified to homogeneity from barley coleoptiles. P9.3 and P7.3 had Reinheitszahl values of 3.31 and 2.85 and specific activities (with 2,2'-azino-di-[3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid], pH 5.5, as the substrate) of 11 and 79 units/mg, respectively. N-terminal amino acid sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry peptide analysis identified the P9. 3 peroxidase activity as due to Prx7. Tissue and subcellular accumulation of Prx7 was studied using activity-stained isoelectric focusing gels and immunoblotting. The peroxidase activity due to Prx7 accumulated in barley leaves 24 h after inoculation with powdery mildew spores or by wounding of epidermal cells. Prx7 accumulated predominantly in the epidermis, apparently in the vacuole, and appeared to be the only pathogen-induced vacuolar peroxidase expressed in barley tissues. The data presented here suggest that Prx7 is responsible for the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds known as hordatines, which accumulate abundantly in barley coleoptiles. (+info)

Blue light-directed destabilization of the pea Lhcb1*4 transcript depends on sequences within the 5' untranslated region. (8/470)

Pea seedlings grown in continuous red light accumulate significant levels of Lhcb1 RNA. When treated with a single pulse of blue light with a total fluence >10(4) micromol m(-2), the rate of Lhcb1 transcription is increased, whereas the level of Lhcb1 RNA is unchanged from that in control seedlings. This RNA destabilization response occurs in developing leaves but not in the apical bud. The data presented here indicate that the same response occurs in the cotyledons of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. The blue light-induced destabilization response persists in long hypocotyl hy4 and phytochrome phyA, phyB, and hy1 mutants as well as in far-red light-grown seedlings, indicating that neither CRY1 (encoded by the hy4 locus) nor phytochrome is the sole photoreceptor. Studies with transgenic plants indicate that the destabilization element in the pea Lhcb1*4 transcript resides completely in the 5' untranslated region. (+info)

Kidneywort - Cotyledon umbilicus. Also called pennywort and navelwort. Knotwort - Any plant of the genus Illecebrum. Laserwort ... Navelwort - Plants in the genera Cotyledon and Omphalodes. Nettlewort - Any plant of the nettle family, Urticaceae. Nipplewort ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wort_plants

Cotyledon - "Seed leaves"; first leaves sprouted in a dicot, where there are two cotyledons in a seedling. Diploid Double ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology

Crassulaceae: Cotyledon flavida Fourc., Cotyledon leucothrix (C.A.Sm.) Fourc. Cucurbitaceae: Kedrostis angulata (Berg.) Fourc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Georges_Fourcade

Stimulation of cotyledon expansion. Opening of the apical hook, see Seedling's photomorphogenesis and etiolation for details. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiolation

... endemic Cotyledon cuneata Thunb. endemic Cotyledon egglii Van Jaarsv. endemic Cotyledon eliseae Van Jaarsv. endemic Cotyledon ... endemic Cotyledon lutea Van Jaarsv. accepted as Cotyledon xanthantha Van Jaarsv. & Eggli, endemic Cotyledon orbiculata L. ... tomentosa, endemic Cotyledon velutina Hook.f. endemic Cotyledon woodii Schonland & Baker f. endemic Cotyledon xanthantha Van ... Cotyledon tomentosa Harv. indigenous Cotyledon tomentosa Harv. subsp. ladismithiensis (Poelln.) Toelken, endemic Cotyledon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Saxifragales_of_South_Africa

It gives rise to the hypocotyl, shoot apical meristem, and cotyledons.[6]. basal cell. The large basal cell is on the bottom ... The apical embryo domain, gives rise to the shoot apical meristem and cotyledons. The second domain, the central embryo domain ... 5 indicates the position of the cotyledons. Torpedo stage[edit]. This stage is defined by the continued growth of the ... Between the cotyledons is where the shoot apical meristem lies. Stage IV, in the illustration above, indicates what the embryo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_embryogenesis

Its basionym is Cotyledon subrigida. Echeveria is named for Atanasio Echeverría y Godoy, a botanical illustrator who ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echeveria_subrigida

Rydin, C.; Mohr, B.; Friis, E.M. (2003). "Cratonia cotyledon gen. et sp. nov.: a unique Cretaceous seedling related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_in_paleontology

... cotyledon var. cotyledon: USA (Oregon, California) Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri (C.V.Morton) Munz: USA (California) ... Lewisia cotyledon grow up to 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) in height and width. About half of the species of Lewisia are deciduous, ... Some species, such as Lewisia cotyledon, are evergreen. Meriwether Lewis, of Lewis and Clark fame, is credited with the first ... "Lewisia ×whiteae Purdy [cotyledon × leeana]". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 5 August 2012. Clayton & Drury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewisia

Seeds two or, by abortion, one in each cell, chestnut brown shining; cotyledons fleshy. Pehr Kalm, who was one of the twelve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malus_coronaria

Flesh thin and sour, charged with malic acid; seeds light brown, oblong, compressed; cotyledons fleshy. Native to eastern North ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbus_americana

The species is a perennial, often cultivated as an annual in temperate climates, and often grows to around 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall. It is related to such species as cotton, cocoa, and hibiscus. The leaves are 10-20 centimetres (3.9-7.9 in) long and broad, palmately lobed with 5-7 lobes. The flowers are 4-8 centimetres (1.6-3.1 in) in diameter, with five white to yellow petals, often with a red or purple spot at the base of each petal. The fruit is a capsule up to 18 centimetres (7.1 in) long with pentagonal cross-section, containing numerous seeds. Abelmoschus esculentus is cultivated throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world for its fibrous fruits or pods containing round, white seeds. It is among the most heat- and drought-tolerant vegetable species in the world and will tolerate soils with heavy clay and intermittent moisture, but frost can damage the pods. In cultivation, the seeds are soaked overnight prior to planting to a depth of 1-2 centimetres (0.39-0.79 in). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okra

... cotyledon Wawra Eurystyles cristata (Schltr.) Schltr. Eurystyles crocodilus Szlach. Eurystyles domingensis Dod ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurystyles

Cotyledons 3-4. It is the only California Cypress species to release pollen in the summertime. The more recent classification ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressus_stephensonii

Cotyledons are fleshy. Seeds are solitary with no albumen around the embryo. In 1759, Bernard de Jussieu arranged the plants in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacardiaceae

And since these were in Latin, "seed leaves" became folia seminalia[51] and then cotyledon, following Malpighi.[52][53] ... The single cotyledon is only one of a number of modifications of the body plan of the ancestral monocotyledons, whose adaptive ... Embryo: Number of cotyledons (leaves in the seed) One, endosperm frequently present in seed Two, endosperm present or absent ... The cotyledon, the primordial Angiosperm leaf consists of a proximal leaf base or hypophyll and a distal hyperphyll. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocotyledon

... cotyledons oval, flat.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercis_canadensis

Cotyledons are small-sized, with long caulicles. The first pair of true leaves is alternate. The stem is predominantly naked ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupinus

The cotyledons are unequal. It is cultivated as an ornamental tree in subtropical and tropical regions, and has become an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noronhia_emarginata

The cotyledons are ovate. Plants of the genus occur naturally from India across to Southeast Asia, China and Indonesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poikilospermum

Seedlings produce 2 cotyledons. A hybrid between T. standishi and T. plicata has been named as the cultivar Thuja 'Green Giant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuja

... cotyledons broad and flat. Allomorphic female flowers present in some species, generally terminal (sometimes median or basal) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acalypha

The cotyledons are incumbent. The genus is relatively diverse. Most species are perennials, but P. llatasii is an annual. Most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypsecadium

On the maternal side, these villous tree structures are grouped into lobules called cotyledons. In humans, the placenta usually ... Chorionic arteries, in turn, branch into cotyledon arteries. In the villi, these vessels eventually branch to form an extensive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta

The larvae feed on Kalanchoe and Cotyledon species. Leptomyrina at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptomyrina_handmani

Cotyledons often large, radicle terete. In the mangroves of India it is often found in association with and climbing on Phoenix ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcolobus_globosus

The larvae probably feed on Kalanchoe and Cotyledon species. Anthene at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthene_millari

The larvae feed on Chrysanthemoides monilifera and Cotyledon orbiculata. They are associated with ants of the genus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoritis_natalensis

In this way, the hypocotyl pushes the cotyledon upward. Normally, the cotyledon itself contains very little nutrients in plants ... Because the cotyledon is positioned above the ground it is much more vulnerable to damage like night-frost or grazing. The ... Epigeal germination implies that the cotyledons are pushed above ground. The hypocotyl elongates while the epicotyl remains the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigeal_germination

The larvae feed on Kalanchoe, Crassula and Cotyledon species. Leptomyrina gorgias gorgias (East Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptomyrina_gorgias

... the cotyledons are functionally similar to leaves. However, true leaves and cotyledons are developmentally distinct. Cotyledons ... A cotyledon (/ˌkɒtɪˈliːdən/; "seed leaf" from Latin cotyledon, from Greek: κοτυληδών kotylēdōn, gen.: κοτυληδόνος kotylēdonos, ... Adventitious flower clusters form along the midrib of the cotyledon. The second cotyledon is much smaller and ephemeral. ... The cotyledon of grasses and many other monocotyledons is a highly modified leaf composed of a scutellum and a coleoptile. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotyledon

Many plants, as the bean and the maple, have two cotyledons, the grasses only one, and pines have several. In one African plant ... Welwitschia) the cotyledons are permanent and grow to immense proportions. © Webster 1913. ...

https://everything2.com/title/Cotyledon

Cotyledon undulata is perhaps the most widely grown Cotyledon. The stems are covered with a thick, white, coating. The leaves ... Cotyledon undulate, also known as silver crown or silver ruffles, is a small succulent shrub up to 50 cm tall. It has unusual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotyledon_undulata

The coconuts cotyledon is part of the actual seed that would grow into a new coconut tree if planted. After germination, the ... The cotyledon, classified as a monocotyledon, or singular, seed leaf developing from the base of the embryo, sits near the ... During development, the cotyledon feeds off the coconuts meat, or endosperm, to create the nutrients necessary to grow the ... All the parts of the coconut, from the tough outer husk to the meat inside either protect or feed the cotyledon as it develops ...

https://www.ehow.com/info_12316852_cotyledon-coconut.html

Make research projects and school reports about cotyledon easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and ... may have numerous cotyledons. In some seeds the cotyledons are flat and leaflike; in others, such as the bean, the cotyledons ... cotyledon (seed leaf) A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying ... cotyledon (kot-i-lee-dŏn) n. any of the major convex subdivisions of the mature placenta. Each cotyledon contains a major ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/botany/botany-general/cotyledon

Pixdaus.com is an environmental photo-bookmarking and sharing service. All the pictures are uploaded by users and the copyrights belong to the rightholders. You can request a removal using the Copyright flag link below each image if you find an image that shouldnt belong here ...

http://pixdaus.com/cotyledon-orbiculata/items/tag/cotyledon+orbiculata/

python-cotyledon_1.7.3.orig.tar.xz. 20,2 kB. e472045723a13a1924f9f46a990f774a. python-cotyledon_1.7.3-2.debian.tar.xz. 3,4 kB. ... Download python-cotyledon. Dosya. Boyut (kB cinsinden). MD5 sağlama toplamı. python-cotyledon_1.7.3-2.dsc. 2,4 kB. ... python3-cotyledon. framework for defining long-running services - Python 3.x. python-cotyledon ile İlgili Diğer Paketler. *inşa ... Kaynak Paket: python-cotyledon (1.7.3-2) python-cotyledon için bağlantılar. Debian Kaynakları:. *Hata Raporları ...

https://packages.debian.org/tr/source/bullseye/python-cotyledon

A cotyledon, or seed leaf, is a leaf that is stored in a seed. When the seed sprouts, the cotyledons are the first leaves that ... Monocot plants have only one cotyledon, and other plants have two. Cotyledons often look very different from the other leaves, ... Plants use cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis. They use the sugars to keep true leaves growing. After a while, ... the cotyledons often die because the plant does not need them anymore. ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotyledon

L. cotyledon (S. Watson) B.L. Rob.. CLIFF MAIDS. Root + caudex thick at top, ± slender, branched below. Leaves many, in rosette ... Retrieve Jepson Interchange Index to Plant Names entry for Lewisia cotyledon Retrieve dichotomous key for Lewisia Overlay ...

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6318,6362,6367

... Randall Tyers tyersome at toxic Wed Feb 10 14:04:32 EST 1993 *Previous message: hygromycin B ... cotyledons and this has nothing to do with fusion so I would suspect that they come from one zygote. , Is there ,any ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/plantbio/1993-February/000924.html

... and they are smaller than cotyledons and often irregular in shape (Fig. 1). Fully expanded extra cotyledons resemble cotyledons ... Two mutations that cause one or both of these leaves to resemble cotyledons were identified in this screen-extra cotyledon 1 ( ... In these mutants, leaves that are partially transformed into cotyledons (extra cotyledons) can be readily distinguished from ... relative to the cotyledons and at higher node), they emerge after cotyledons but before the first two leaf primordia of wild- ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/94/19/10209?ijkey=dd7945081dd4282a35a9021bc1a96773ab1d15d8&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Identification of cup-shaped cotyledon: New Ways to Think about Organ Initiation.. Hake S1. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31036592

... ... Simon A. Lei "Impacts of Cotyledon Removal on Survival of Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima: Rosaceae) Seedlings," Bulletin, ... Simon A. Lei "Impacts of Cotyledon Removal on Survival of Blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima: Rosaceae) Seedlings," Bulletin, ...

https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-southern-california-academy-of-sciences/volume-107/issue-3/0038-3872-107.3.178/Impacts-of-Cotyledon-Removal-on-Survival-of-Blackbrush-Coleogyne-ramosissima/10.3160/0038-3872-107.3.178.short

Cotyledon hybrid , je zahrnuj mezidruhov k ence a k ence hybrid samotn ch.. Elise je pestrobarevn odr da lev sie se vzp men mi ...

https://havlis.cz/karta.php?kytkaid=3197

The reactivity of cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase with trilinolein was examined. The activity of the enzyme against linoleic ... Cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase oxygenizes trilinolein at the lipid/water interface Lipids. 1995 Aug;30(8):733-8. doi: 10.1007/ ... This suggests that cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase acts only on an insoluble substrate at the lipid/water interface but not on ... The reactivity of cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase with trilinolein was examined. The activity of the enzyme against linoleic ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7475989/?dopt=Abstract

Very clever! I love seeing those first leaves emerging, and the simple cotyledon leaves often making food so that the more ...

https://www.abctales.com/comment/702551

Using this photo This photo and associated text may not be used except with express written permission from Aaron Schusteff. To obtain permission for personal, academic, commercial, or other uses, or to inquire about high resolution images, prints, fees, or licensing, or if you have other questions, contact Aaron Schusteff arbonius2[AT]sbcglobal.net. (Replace the [AT] with the @ symbol before sending an email.) ...

https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+0111+2148

... and cotyledon asymmetry (quantified as the difference in the area of the two lobes of each cotyledon). The primary goals were ... Guang-Yuan Rao, Stefan Andersson, and Björn Widén "FLOWER AND COTYLEDON ASYMMETRY IN BRASSICA CRETICA: GENETIC VARIATION AND ... FLOWER AND COTYLEDON ASYMMETRY IN BRASSICA CRETICA: GENETIC VARIATION AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH FITNESS. ... The present study provides little evidence that flower and cotyledon asymmetry serve as more appropriate predictors of genetic ...

https://bioone.org/journals/evolution/volume-56/issue-4/0014-3820

Cotyledon orbiculata) is a showy, cold hardy succulent with rounded silver, red-edged leaves. Mid-summer dusky-pink blooms. ... Red Edged Pigs Ear (Cotyledon orbiculata) has large disk-like silver leaves, edged in red, grow on short stubby stems. Mature ... Red Edged Pigs Ear (Cotyledon orbiculata) is a showy, cold hardy succulent with rounded silver, red-edged leaves. The plant ...

https://www.highcountrygardens.com/cotyledon-orbiculata-pigs-ear

Thought it to be odd, leaves & branching growing from the cotyledon and... ... Thought it to be odd, leaves & branching growing from the cotyledon and stem union.. Blue Mystic Auto (Fem), 13 Days old.. Aero ...

https://www.420magazine.com/community/threads/cotyledon-branching.131859/

Cotyledon orbiculata. Growing in partial shade in zone 9b, Phoenix, AZ. March 13, 2013, mid Spring. ...

https://davesgarden.com/community/forums/t/1306857/

Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii, a dicot, is a perennial herb that is native to California and Oregon. ... Lewisia cotyledon (S. Watson) Robinson var. howellii (S. Watson) Jepson Howells lewisia ...

http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=4769

PERMISSION TO CONTACT YOU BY EMAIL By providing your e-mail address, you confirm that you are providing consent to Glacier Farm Media LP, on its own behalf and on behalf of its affiliates, and carrying on business through its divisions, to receive emails containing news, updates and promotions, including third party promotions, as well as product and/or service information, including that of third parties, that may be of interest to you, and that you understand you may unsubscribe at any time. Please see contact us for more information.. ...

https://www.albertafarmexpress.ca/tag/cotyledon/

Using this photo This photo and associated text may not be used except with express written permission from Allan Jensen. To obtain permission for personal, academic, commercial, or other uses, or to inquire about high resolution images, prints, fees, or licensing, or if you have other questions, contact Allan Jensen gramps[AT]berkeley.edu. (Replace the [AT] with the @ symbol before sending an email.) ...

https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+0504+0520

Cotyledon orbiculata - Pigs Ear, Round-leafed Navel-wortPigs Ear is a low maintenance succulent with large silver, slightly ... Cotyledon orbiculata - Pigs Ear, Round-leafed Navel-wort. Pigs Ear is a low maintenance succulent with large silver, slightly ... COTYLEDON orbiculata. Submitted by Evergreen Nursery on Sat, 11/28/2009 - 8:11am. ...

https://www.evergreennursery.com/cotyledon-orbiculata

Get our monthly newsletter to get special deals, follow all the happenings in the succulent world, and get announcements of nursery events. We wont email you very often, and well never share your email address with anyone!. ...

https://sgplants.com/pages/cotyledon-tomentosa-ladismithiensis-variegata

This lovely selection from Lewisia cotyledon has been selected over many years by a top UK grower. ... LEWISIA COTYLEDON BRIGHT-EYES SEEDS - Plant World Seeds. Sprays of large, dark-coloured flowers in all shades open with a ... This lovely selection from Lewisia cotyledon has been selected over many years by a top UK grower. ...

https://www.plant-world-seeds.com/store/view_seed_item/826

Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cotyledon cells are formed by subdivision of the central ... TIP, an integral membrane protein of the protein-storage vacuoles of the soybean cotyledon undergoes developmentally regulated ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24193937?dopt=Abstract

Cotyledons of Raphanus sativus. Chinese winter radish leaves with rose colored skin. Vegetable. Microgreen. - K1GHTD from ... aromaticbowlbudchinachina rosechina rose radishchinesechinese radishcloseupcolorcotyledonediblefoodfrom abovegermgerm bud ... Cotyledons of Raphanus sativus. Chinese winter radish leaves with rose colored skin. Vegetable. Microgreen.. - Image ID: K1GHTD ... Cotyledons of Raphanus sativus. Chinese winter radish leaves with rose colored skin. Vegetable. Microgreen. Macro food photo ...

https://www.alamy.com/china-rose-radish-sprouts-in-wooden-bowl-cotyledons-of-raphanus-sativus-image155873213.html

Cotyledon orbiculata) at Daves Garden. All pictures are contributed by our community. ... View picture of Cotyledon Species, Pigs Ear, Round-Leafed Navel Wort ( ... Cotyledon Species, Pigs Ear, Round-Leafed Navel Wort (Cotyledon orbiculata). by palmbob Sep 15, 2008 5:24 AM ... Cotyledon orbiculata - just starting off in my friends November garden Waihi, New Zealand ...

https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/215620/

Red Edged Pig's Ear (Cotyledon orbiculata) is a showy, cold hardy succulent with rounded silver, red-edged leaves. (highcountrygardens.com)
Red Edged Pig's Ear (Cotyledon orbiculata) has large disk-like silver leaves, edged in red, grow on short stubby stems. (highcountrygardens.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata, also known as the pig's ear succulent, is a plant that grows on the ground. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata is a type of cactus that grows in many different places. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata stands at about two feet tall if it's not leaning against another plant for support. (mylifeispeachy.com)
What is cotyledon orbiculata? (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata, also known as the pig's ear or ceci bean, is a plant that can be grown in many parts of the world. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata does not need direct sunlight although it will still thrive when exposed to some morning sunrays through an eastern window. (mylifeispeachy.com)
How do you grow Cotyledon orbiculata variegated? (mylifeispeachy.com)
Growing of cotyledon orbiculata is done by seeds. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata are grown from seed as a cash crop because they have such low demand for pesticides and fertilizers - an economical choice when compared with other crops like wheat, corn, soybeans , and rice. (mylifeispeachy.com)
How do you care for a Cotyledon orbiculata? (mylifeispeachy.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata can be cared for by noting the following requirements for your plant and making sure an adequate amount is given at an appropriate time. (mylifeispeachy.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata plants need a lot of light. (mylifeispeachy.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata plants prefer rich and fertile soil. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata is a native of the warm, dry regions of Brazil and Peru. (mylifeispeachy.com)
How often should I water my Cotyledon orbiculata? (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata is a tough plant that can survive by being watered only once or twice every week. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata does not require water other than what evaporates from the ground it sits on and needs to be kept in an area where it does not receive excess water which could cause root rot. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata does not require fertilizing, which is beneficial for those who have soil that already contains an abundance of nutrients. (mylifeispeachy.com)
When the cotyledon orbiculata plant starts to show signs of being in need of some nutrients such as yellowing leaves or slow growth rates it can be fed with a diluted fertilizer every two weeks. (mylifeispeachy.com)
The cotyledon orbiculata is a hardy plant that will easily withstand being pruned. (mylifeispeachy.com)
Close-up of Cotyledon orbiculata a … Aid our body in fighting viruses that cause the flu, herpes, and AIDS. (stavby-paka.cz)
Cotyledon orbiculata L. (llifle.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata f. undulata hort. (llifle.com)
is said to be a dwarf form of Cotyledon orbiculata originally published by Dinter as a variety, but now has only cultivar status. (llifle.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata 'Silver Peak' is one of our more stately specimens, growing up to 20 inches high, with its fleshy grey/green paddle shaped leaves often margined in a beautiful rust color. (clearwatercolor.com)
We are currently growing Cotyledon orbiculata 'Silver Peak' in 1 gallon containers. (clearwatercolor.com)
3. As a winter grower, Cotyledon Orbiculata CV does not have a high requirement for sunshine. (thenextgardener.com)
This kind of variety you may want to consider to grow which is Cotyledon Orbiculata var dinteri. (succulents.today)
Cotyledon Orbiculata Var.dinteri which has a common name "Pig's Ear" , it is a rare succulent that grows into a cluster that has a chubby powdery gray-green with dark red tip leaves that look alike pig's ears and can hold out against in climate change. (succulents.today)
Cotyledon Orbiculata f. (succulents.today)
Cotyledon orbiculata is also known as the Chalk Finger Aloe, no doubt due to its long finger-shaped leaves covered with a white chalk dusting. (cacti.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata is very drought-tolerant once established, though it likes some water during its growing season in spring. (cacti.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata is an ideal plant for rock gardens, and also grows well in containers. (cacti.com)
C. 'Grey Sticks', Cotyledon orbiculata var. (cacti.com)

Cotyledon (kah-tuh-LEE-dun) is a variable group of succulents, and most make excellent indoor plants. (reamaze.com)
Cotyledon was one of the early genera when succulents were first being described. (reamaze.com)

The cotyledon, classified as a monocotyledon, or singular, seed leaf developing from the base of the embryo, sits near the three germination pores, commonly called eyes. (ehow.com)
After germination, the cotyledon forms and goes through several changes. (ehow.com)
In seeds without an endosperm , e.g. garden pea and broad bean, the cotyledons store food, which is used in germination. (encyclopedia.com)
in others, such as the bean, the cotyledons store the seed's food reserve for germination and are fleshy. (encyclopedia.com)
The primary interface between the emerging seedling and its environment is formed by an extra-cuticular endosperm-derived glycoprotein-rich structure called the sheath, which is maintained as a continuous layer at seedling surfaces during germination and becomes fragmented as cotyledons expand. (ens-lyon.fr)
Although krs mutants have no defects in germination sensu stricto, they show delayed cotyledon emergence, a defect not observed in seedlings with defects in cuticle biosynthesis. (ens-lyon.fr)
In contrast, krs mutant cotyledons show enhanced adhesion at germination. (ens-lyon.fr)
We propose that the sheath reduces the adhesiveness of the cotyledon surface under the humid conditions necessary for seed germination and thus promotes seed-coat shedding and rapid seedling establishment. (ens-lyon.fr)
During the first two days of pea seed germination, neither the embryonic axes nor the cotyledons show a mutual influence on gibberellin activity, but this appears after 72-96 h of germination. (springer.com)
Bryant, J. A., Haczycki, S. J.: Studies on the interactions between the embryonic axes and the cotyledons during germination in Piaum sativum L. - New Phytol. (springer.com)
Cotyledons are formed during embryogenesis, along with the root and shoot meristems, and are therefore present in the seed prior to germination. (wikipedia.org)
Taken together, our work indicated that, serving as the IBA preferring glycosyltransferase but distinct from other auxin glycosyltransferases identified so far, UGT75D1 might be a very important player mediating a crosstalk between cotyledon development and stress tolerance of germination at the early stage of plant growth. (deepdyve.com)
Upon germination , the cotyledon usually becomes the embryonic first leaves of a seedling. (academickids.com)
This part is actually the coconut cotyledon, sometimes called the "coconut embryo" or "coconut apple", is actually suspended in germination. (stavby-paka.cz)

The close-up of branches of Cotyledon pendens. (stavby-paka.cz)
The numerous stems of Cotyledon pendens 'Cliff Cotyledon' will quickly form a 'curtain' of draping foliage, reaching up to 2 feet in length. (leafandclay.co)

For the genus of Crassulaceae, see Cotyledon . (academickids.com)

Turnover of catalase heme and apoprotein moieties in cotyledons of sunflower seedlings. (biomedsearch.com)
The turnover of catalase apoprotein and catalase heme was studied in cotyledons of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings by density labeling of apoprotein and radioactive labeling of heme moieties. (biomedsearch.com)
Following isopycnic centrifugation of catalase purified from cotyledons of 5-day-old seedlings, superimposition curve fitting was used to determine the amounts of radioactive heme moieties in native and density-labeled catalase. (biomedsearch.com)
If top growth is leggy, gardeners plant seedlings as deep as the cotyledons -- or as far up the stem as the first set of true leaves -- to allow the plant to start more roots to draw nitrogen from the soil. (sfgate.com)
In the case of dicot seedlings whose cotyledons are photosynthetic, the cotyledons are functionally similar to leaves. (wikipedia.org)
Gymnosperm seedlings also have cotyledons, and these are often variable in number (multicotyledonous), with from 2 to 24 cotyledons forming a whorl at the top of the hypocotyl (the embryonic stem) surrounding the plumule. (wikipedia.org)
Consistently, we found that transgenic seedlings with over-produced UGT75D1 exhibited smaller cotyledons and cotyledon epidermal cells than the wild type. (deepdyve.com)
The mechanism of cytokinin-induced cell expansion in cotyledons excised from dark-grown seedlings of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and cucumber (Cucumus sativus L.) was studied. (semanticscholar.org)
Gymnosperm seedlings also have cotyledons, and these are typically numerous ( multicotyledonous ) but variable. (academickids.com)
For many vegetable crops, you can transplant seedlings with the cotyledons below the soil line. (thedailygarden.us)

Cotyledon undulate, also known as silver crown or silver ruffles, is a small succulent shrub up to 50 cm tall. (wikipedia.org)
Cotyledon ladismithiensis can make a nice low succulent shrublet in the garden, does well in containers, and makes a good houseplant. (planetdesert.com)
Cotyledon velutina, also called pigs ear is a fairly large succulent like shrub, up to 3m tall and the largest species in the genus Cotyledon. (exotic-plants.de)
A refreshing collector's succulent, the Cotyledon campanulata, grown in sparghum moss for great root development! (thesunnyzoo.com)

Cotyledon Ladismithiensis Size: Approx 4-6 cm Feature: Garden Decor, Home Decor, Office Decor Packaging: Ship Bare Root Without Pot and Soil. (kissbloom.com)
Cotyledon Ladismithiensis Variegata YellowSize: Approx 4-6 cmFeature: Garden Decor, Home Decor, Office DecorPackaging: Ship Bare Root Without Pot and Soil.Level: Easy to Grow, Drought. (kissbloom.com)

They are commonly referred to as Cotyledon Bear's Paw due to the shape of the leaves. (plantdecorshop.com)

Seeds of gymnosperms, such as pines, may have numerous cotyledons. (encyclopedia.com)
Bördi), in cotyledons and axes of germinating pea seeds and also in excised cotyledons and axes. (springer.com)
The gibberellin-like activity m cotyledons and axes of germinating seeds increased during the same period, but it decreased in isolated axes and excised cotyledons. (springer.com)
Crassula , Tylecodon and Cotyledon , occurring in the arid areas of southern Africa have very tiny dust-like seeds. (llifle.com)

We describe mutations of three genes in Arabidopsis thaliana - extra cotyledon1 ( xtc1 ), extra cotyledon2 ( xtc2 ), and altered meristem programming1 ( amp1 )-that transform leaves into cotyledons. (pnas.org)
During Arabidopsis embryo development, cotyledon primordia are generated at transition stage from precursor cells that are not derived from the embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM). (biologists.org)

Callus induction and proliferation from cotyledon explants in Bambara groundnut. (ajol.info)
Callus induction from cotyledon explants was studied in indigenous grain legume Bambara groundnut on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, containing different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators. (ajol.info)
Cotyledons and needles of plantlets derived from somatic embryos of L. xleptoeuropaea were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis at a frequency of 8 and 3%, respectively. (gc.ca)

Lewisia cotyledon is a species of flowering plant in the purslane family known by the common names Siskiyou lewisia and cliff maids. (calscape.org)

Calflora: Lewisia cotyledon var. (calflora.org)
Lewisia cotyledon (S. Watson) Robinson var. (calflora.org)
Lewisia cotyledon var. (calflora.org)
This lovely selection from Lewisia cotyledon has been selected over many years by a top UK grower. (plant-world-seeds.com)
How would you define lewisia cotyledon? (azdictionary.com)
Lewisia cotyledon description by Thomas H. Kent, last updated 11 Nov 2013. (florafinder.org)
Lewisia cotyledon 'Sunset mix' is a mix of hybrids between little plum and Lewisia cotyledon. (ethicaldesert.com)
Lewisia cotyledon 'Rainbow series' [Family: Portulacaceae] - Flickr - Photo Sharing! (blogpl.com)

Many plants, as the bean and the maple, have two cotyledons, the grasses only one, and pines have several. (everything2.com)
The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. (encyclopedia.com)
Among the flowering plants, the class known as Monocotyledoneae have a single cotyledon and Dicotyledoneae have two. (encyclopedia.com)
The embryos of flowering plants, or angiosperms , usually have either one cotyledon (the monocots) or two (the dicots). (encyclopedia.com)
In most plants the cotyledons emerge above the soil with the seedling as it grows. (encyclopedia.com)
Monocot plants have only one cotyledon, and other plants have two. (wikipedia.org)
Plants use cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis . (wikipedia.org)
Plants of the partially self-incompatible perennial herb Brassica cretica , derived from controlled cross- and self-pollinations within each of seven populations, were raised under uniform conditions and scored for two measures of developmental stability, flower asymmetry (quantified as the difference in length and width between opposite petals) and cotyledon asymmetry (quantified as the difference in the area of the two lobes of each cotyledon). (bioone.org)
The cotyledons are pests to any nearby flowers, so it is best to plant cotyledons away from other flowering or fruit-bearing plants. (mylifeispeachy.com)
If you've started plants four to six weeks before the last frost date and taken them out a day at a time before finally planting them when the soil temperature reaches 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, the cotyledons should fall off within a week or two. (sfgate.com)
seed leaf" from Latin cotyledon, from Greek: κοτυληδών kotylēdōn, gen.: κοτυληδόνος kotylēdonos, from κοτύλη kotýlē "cup, bowl") is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant, and is defined as "the embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first to appear from a germinating seed. (wikipedia.org)
The number of cotyledons present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants (angiosperms). (wikipedia.org)
The ultimate development of the epigeal habit is represented by a few plants, mostly in the family Gesneriaceae in which the cotyledon persists for a lifetime. (wikipedia.org)

Cotyledon oblonga Haw. (llifle.com)
oblonga 'Flavida', Cotyledon teretifolia, Hort. (cacti.com)

In one African plant ( Welwitschia ) the cotyledons are permanent and grow to immense proportions. (everything2.com)
During development, the cotyledon feeds off the coconut's meat, or endosperm, to create the nutrients necessary to grow the roots and shoots of a new plant. (ehow.com)
cotyledon ( seed leaf ) A part of the embryo in a seed plant. (encyclopedia.com)
When the seed sprouts, the cotyledons are the first leaves that the plant has. (wikipedia.org)
After a while, the cotyledons often die because the plant does not need them anymore. (wikipedia.org)
During the early, morphogenetic phase of embryogenesis, the primary axis of the plant is established, one or more cotyledons are formed, and the primordia of the root and shoot systems are initiated. (pnas.org)
Plant cotyledons are a tissue that is particularly active in plastid gene expression in order to develop functional chloroplasts from pro-plastids, the plastid precursor stage in plant embryos. (frontiersin.org)
Why Are the Cotyledon Leaves on a Tomato Plant Falling Off? (sfgate.com)
Because it is a storage organ, the cotyledon is an inefficient provider for the adult plant, so it will shrivel and fall away from the plant as shade from the growing plant covers it, either because of senescence or because it is being edged out by an emerging root. (sfgate.com)
When cotyledons fall away after several branches of true leaves have formed, it means that the plant has passed from the seedling stage to the mature stage of its growth and adult leaves have taken over. (sfgate.com)
If, however, the plant gets too much water and falls victim to a fungal disease known as "damping off," the cotyledons may fold before the adult leaves have a chance to deploy. (sfgate.com)
Chin, T. Y., Poulson, R., Beevers, L.: The influence of axis removal on protein metabolism in cotyledons of Pisum sativum L. - Plant Physiol. (springer.com)
Parys, E., Romanowska, E., Poskuta, J.: Amylase activities in attached and excised cotyledons and in embryonic axes of Pisum sativum L. - Plant Cell Physiol. (springer.com)
The cotyledons may be ephemeral, lasting only days after emergence, or persistent, enduring at least a year on the plant. (wikipedia.org)
Such a plant is Streptocarpus wendlandii of South Africa in which one cotyledon grows to be up to 75 centimeters (2.5 feet) in length and up to 61 cm (two feet) in width (the largest cotyledon of any dicot, and exceeded only by Lodoicea). (wikipedia.org)
The plant Cotyledon Umbilicus , Linné ( Umbilicus pendulinus, De Candolle). (henriettes-herb.com)
Cotyledons are the first leaves that appear when a plant emerges from seed. (thedailygarden.us)
Young castor oil plant showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (cotyledons), and two adult leaves. (thedailygarden.us)

In bright light, leaves have delicate burgundy markings.In habitat in Africa, Cotyledons usually grow in rocky quartz fields where they have excellent drainage provided by very porous soil. (succulents.us)
Poor lighting and damp soil pose the biggest threats to 'Cliff Cotyledon,' so take care to provide plenty of bright light, porous soil within a well-draining pot, and deep but infrequent watering. (leafandclay.co)

Cytokinin-induced wall extensibility in excised cotyledons of radish and cucumber. (semanticscholar.org)
Promotion of radish cotyledon enlargement and reducing sugar content by zeatin and red light. (semanticscholar.org)

cotyledon (kŏt´əlēd´ən) , in botany, a leaf of the embryo of a seed . (encyclopedia.com)
is naturally They are also known variously as coconut pearl, coconut "embryo", coconut apple, or coconut cotyledon in English. (stavby-paka.cz)
Its subtle taste and unique sponge like texture Supposedly it This is the cotyledon of the embryo of the coconut seed. (stavby-paka.cz)

Cotyledon flavida Fourc. (llifle.com)

Cotyledon undulata is perhaps the most widely grown Cotyledon. (wikipedia.org)

Cotyledon macrantha var. (llifle.com)

Analysis of family-structured data from another crossing experiment revealed significant between-population variation in cotyledon asymmetry and a tendency for inbred progeny to produce more asymmetric cotyledons than outbred progeny. (bioone.org)
The present study provides little evidence that flower and cotyledon asymmetry serve as more appropriate predictors of genetic health than conventional (direct) measures of fitness. (lu.se)

Cotyledon ladysmithensis is a variegated form. (gosucculent.com)

Soluble starch synthases and starch branching enzymes from cotyledons of smooth- and wrinkled-seeded lines of Pisum sativum L. (elsevier.com)
Soluble starch synthase and branching enzyme were purified from 18-day-old cotyledons of the smooth-seeded pea cultivar Alaska (RR) and wrinkled-seeded pea cultivar Progress #9 (rr) by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. (elsevier.com)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Soluble starch synthases and starch branching enzymes from cotyledons of smooth- and wrinkled-seeded lines of Pisum sativum L.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevier.com)

Cotyledons often look very different from the other leaves, so they are not called true leaves. (wikipedia.org)
I love seeing those first leaves emerging, and the simple cotyledon leaves often making food so that the more complex leaves can then grow. (abctales.com)
Thought it to be odd, leaves & branching growing from the cotyledon and stem union. (420magazine.com)
In the past few days it seems that all of the cotyledons have turned yellow and some even appear "dead" although the first new leaves appear healthy and vibrant. (permies.com)
This shoot comprises three main parts: the cotyledons (seed leaves), the section of shoot below the cotyledons (hypocotyl), and the section of shoot above the cotyledons (epicotyl). (sciencephoto.com)
The cotyledons grow in clusters, and the leaves are simple in structure with three to five lobes per leaf. (mylifeispeachy.com)
Once the raggedy little "true" leaves begin to unfold, the moon-shaped baby leaves, called cotyledons, may drop off. (sfgate.com)
They also hold two fleshy seed leaves called cotyledons that will inflate with water as the seed germinates and pull the stem upward as the seedling's root grows deeper. (sfgate.com)
Once above ground, the cotyledons unfold so the plumule can begin to grow into branches and leaves to support the plant's mature growth, flowers and fruits. (sfgate.com)
The cotyledons' job is finished once the adult, or "true," leaves unfold and begin their task of photosynthesis. (sfgate.com)
The section of the stalk above ground but below the cotyledon becomes very thick and bumpy as the plant's branches and leaves unfold. (sfgate.com)
Roots may also grow under the cotyledons, pushing the fleshy little seed leaves away, much as baby teeth are displaced by adult teeth. (sfgate.com)
However, true leaves and cotyledons are developmentally distinct. (wikipedia.org)
As these reserves are used up, the cotyledons may turn green and begin photosynthesis, or may wither as the first true leaves take over food production for the seedling. (wikipedia.org)
This seedling germinated producing two plain-looking cotyledons later followed by two normal-looking leaves that are small copies of the adult leaves. (academickids.com)
Cotyledon orbiculata's velvety soft blue-green leaves spread slowly to form a low shrub or ground cover. (cacti.com)
On watermelon, MNSV produces chlorotic lesions on leaves, stems, and/or cotyledons, which turn into dark brown local lesions. (wikipedia.org)
In cucumbers, MNSV produces chlorotic lesions on leaves and cotyledons. (wikipedia.org)
In melons, such as rockmelon, muskmelon, and cantaloupe, MNSV produces necrotic lesions on the leaves and/or cotyledons. (wikipedia.org)
Overall, infection of the crop will produce small chlorotic spots on the leaves, stems, and/or cotyledons, which turn brown while enlarging in size. (wikipedia.org)

To study how morphogenetic events are temporally coordinated during embryogenesis, we screened for mutations of A. thaliana that mimicked the cotyledon-leaf phenotype of precociously germinated Brassica napus embryos ( 7 , 8 ). (pnas.org)
In pinoid embryos, reversal of polarity of the PIN1 auxin transport facilitator in the apex is only occasional, explaining irregular auxin maxima in the cotyledon tips. (biologists.org)
Somatic embryogenesis from immature and mature zygotic embryos and from cotyledons and needles of somatic plantlets of Larix. (gc.ca)
On the other hand, embryos in some of the more advanced angiosperms also contain more than two cotyledons-e.g. (britannica.com)

TIP, an integral membrane protein of the protein-storage vacuoles of the soybean cotyledon undergoes developmentally regulated membrane accumulatio. (nih.gov)
TIP, an integral membrane protein of the protein-storage vacuoles of the soybean cotyledon undergoes developmentally regulated membrane accumulation and removal. (nih.gov)
The enzyme has been isolated and characterized from cotyledons as well as axis of soybean [ 5 , 8 ]. (ijbs.com)

Founded in 2017, Cotyledon Farm is run by Amanda Barker. (farmfreshri.org)

Cotyledon wallichii Harv. (llifle.com)
Cotyledon eckloniana Harv. (llifle.com)
Cotyledon tricuspidata Harv. (llifle.com)

Within each species, there is often still some variation in cotyledon numbers, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Species with one cotyledon are called monocotyledonous and placed in the Class Liliopsida. (academickids.com)

Cotyledon papillaris Haw. (llifle.com)

Reversible transformation of microbodies from leaf peroxisomes to glyoxysomes was found to occur in the cotyledons during the senescence. (nii.ac.jp)
Publications] L.De Bellis: 'Development of enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle during senescence of the pumpkin cotyledons. (nii.ac.jp)
However, the DNA methylation pattern during Gossypium hirsutum L. cotyledon senescence is poorly understood. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
In this study, global DNA methylation patterns were compared between two cotyledon development stages, young (J1) and senescence (J2), using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP-Seq). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Mixed micelles of 32 P-labeled phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid (PA) and the nonionic detergent octylphenol polyethylene oxide (NP-40 Nonidet) were used to assay the activities of phospholipase D and PA phosphatase in crude extracts of mung bean ( Vigna radiata ) cotyledons. (plantphysiol.org)
Arginase was purified from Vigna catjang cotyledons and buffalo liver by chromatographic separations using Bio-Gel P-150, DEAE-cellulose and arginine AH Sepharose 4B affinity columns. (ijbs.com)
The native molecular weight of an enzyme estimated on Bio-Gel P-300 column for Vigna catjang was 210 kDa and 120 kDa of buffalo liver, while SDS-PAGE showed a single band of molecular weight 52 kDa for cotyledon and 43 kDa for buffalo liver arginase. (ijbs.com)
The activity of guanidino compounds as alternate substrates for Vigna catjang cotyledon and buffalo liver arginase is critically dependent on the length of the amino acid side chain and the number of carbon atoms. (ijbs.com)
But no properties of the purified enzyme from the cotyledons of Vigna catjang and buffalo liver have been reported. (ijbs.com)
Hence the present study was undertaken for the purification and properties of arginase from Vigna catjang cotyledon and buffalo liver, and also reports physicochemical and kinetic properties of the purified enzyme. (ijbs.com)

The reactivity of cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase with trilinolein was examined. (nih.gov)
This suggests that cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase acts only on an insoluble substrate at the lipid/water interface but not on a soluble one. (nih.gov)

Growth inhibition was observed, and relative water content in the developing cotyledons significantly decreased in the 100 mM NaCl treatment. (conicyt.cl)

In laterne mutants, the cotyledons are precisely deleted, yet the hypocotyl and root are unaffected. (biologists.org)
For example, a pine seedling has from 5 to 20 or so narrow cotyledons forming a whorl at the top of the hypocotyl (the embryonic stem) surrounding the plumule. (academickids.com)

The nutrients in the endosperm of dicots is absorbed by the two cotyledons. (stavby-paka.cz)

The cotyledon of grasses and many other monocotyledons is a highly modified leaf composed of a scutellum and a coleoptile. (wikipedia.org)

However, analysis of pid enp stm triple mutants shows that ectopic activity of STM does not appear to cause cotyledon obliteration. (biologists.org)

The enzymes are present in fully imbibed cotyledons and increase in activity during seedling growth. (plantphysiol.org)
The effects of treatment with 50 and 100 mM NaCl on cotyledon growth, nitrogen assimilation, and the activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes were investigated in developing Jatropha curcas cotyledons. (conicyt.cl)

In this investigation, we have studied the effect of growth conditions (e.g. temperature and light) on the composition of glycerolipid classes and their respective fatty acids during the maturation period of squash cotyledons. (eurekamag.com)
We have found that the changes in the lipid fatty acid composition of TM which are induced by different temperature and light growth conditions occurred only during the development of cotyledons but not when these latter had reached their maturity. (eurekamag.com)
Whatever the growth conditions, the level of 16:1(3t) increased during the maturation of cotyledons and was characterized by an increasing linear correlation (r=0.99) with the fresh weight. (eurekamag.com)

Subsequently, the cotyledons emerge rapidly from the extra-embryonic tissues of the seed, allowing autotrophic seedling establishment [1, 2]. (ens-lyon.fr)

L. cotyledon (S. Watson) B.L. Rob. (berkeley.edu)

The latter is typically the case where the cotyledons act as a storage organ, as in many nuts and acorns. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy12

Organisms23

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science1

Shoot apical meristem and cotyledon formation during Arabidopsis embryogenesis: interaction among the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS genes. (1/470)

Enhancer-like properties of an RNA element that modulates Tombusvirus RNA accumulation. (2/470)

Posttranslational removal of the carboxyl-terminal KDEL of the cysteine protease SH-EP occurs prior to maturation of the enzyme. (3/470)

Cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase during postgerminative growth. Its expression and action on lipid bodies. (4/470)

Regulation of nitrite reductase by light and nitrate in the cotyledons of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). (5/470)

Identification of a cis-regulatory element involved in phytochrome down-regulated expression of the pea small GTPase gene pra2. (6/470)

Barley coleoptile peroxidases. Purification, molecular cloning, and induction by pathogens. (7/470)

Blue light-directed destabilization of the pea Lhcb1*4 transcript depends on sequences within the 5' untranslated region. (8/470)

Cotyledon

Seeds

Seedling

Germination

Arabidopsis

Hypocotyl

Arabidopsis Proteins

Plant Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Cucumis sativus

Seed Storage Proteins

Fabaceae

Soybeans

Meristem

Plant Leaves

Indoleacetic Acids

Larix

Helianthus

Genes, Plant

Plant Shoots

Plants, Genetically Modified

Plants, Medicinal

Plant Roots

Brassica napus

Raphanus

Placenta

Peas

Plants

Light

Gossypium

Brassica

Plant Epidermis

Angiosperms

Plant Development

DNA, Plant

Glyoxylates

Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques

Castor Bean

Lupinus

Plant Growth Regulators

Gymnosperms

Molecular Sequence Data

RNA, Plant

Arachis hypogaea

Citrullus

Quercus

Vegetable Proteins

Mutation

Ricinus

Plant Stems

Plants, Edible

Flowers

Phytochrome

Plant Physiological Phenomena

Phytochrome A

Soybean Proteins

Linseed Oil

Shoot apical meristem and cotyledon formation during Arabidopsis embryogenesis: interaction among the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS genes. (1/470)

Enhancer-like properties of an RNA element that modulates Tombusvirus RNA accumulation. (2/470)

Posttranslational removal of the carboxyl-terminal KDEL of the cysteine protease SH-EP occurs prior to maturation of the enzyme. (3/470)

Cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase during postgerminative growth. Its expression and action on lipid bodies. (4/470)

Regulation of nitrite reductase by light and nitrate in the cotyledons of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). (5/470)

Identification of a cis-regulatory element involved in phytochrome down-regulated expression of the pea small GTPase gene pra2. (6/470)

Barley coleoptile peroxidases. Purification, molecular cloning, and induction by pathogens. (7/470)

Blue light-directed destabilization of the pea Lhcb1*4 transcript depends on sequences within the 5' untranslated region. (8/470)

The gene ENHANCER OF PINOID controls cotyledon development in the Arabidopsis embryo | Development

Cotyledon - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Crop Culture Report: Gazania New Day Series - Greenhouse Product News

TIP, an integral membrane protein of the protein-storage vacuoles of the soybean cotyledon undergoes developmentally regulated...

A Complex Mode of Glucose Signaling | Science Signaling

A Primer: Cotyledon Orbiculata cv Variegata - Cedar Creek Farmhouse

Music] Xcot De Mascot ft Volkano x Slipha x Nana T-ice x Cotyledon x Slai Parker - Dumasua First (Prod by Cleff) - ShataGhana

Publikationen von Reimo Zoschke | Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie

Biology-Online • View topic - Monocot vs Dicot

JoVE Author Search: Ivanova N

Cotyledon - Everything2.com

Bitterwort: Lewisia cotyledon

The synergistic effects caused by dof5.8 and arf5-2 mut | Open-i

How to Grow Micro Greens Indoors-Part Two - FineGardening

Definition