A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.
The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.
The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.
A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.
One or more types of plant seed proteins providing the large amounts of AMINO ACIDS utilized in GERMINATION and SEEDLING growth. As seeds are the major food source from AGRICULTURAL CROPS, seed storage proteins are a major source of DIETARY PROTEINS.
The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.
An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.
A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta.
A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.
The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.
New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.
PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.
Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.
The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots.
A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE known for its peppery red root.
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).
A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.
A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.
A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).
A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.
Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.
Glyoxylates are byproducts of the metabolism of amino acids and lipids that can be used as precursors for the synthesis of various compounds in the body.
The process of embryo initiation in culture from vegetative, non-gametic, sporophytic, or somatic plant cells.
Common name for Ricinus communis, a species in the family EUPHORBIACEAE. It is the source of CASTOR OIL.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of SPARTEINE, lupanine and other lupin alkaloids.
Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.
Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins.
A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the edible fruit.
A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).
Proteins which are present in or isolated from vegetables or vegetable products used as food. The concept is distinguished from PLANT PROTEINS which refers to non-dietary proteins from plants.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE, order Euphorbiales, subclass Rosidae. The seed of Ricinus communis L. is the CASTOR BEAN which is the source of CASTOR OIL; RICIN; and other lectins.
Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.
The reproductive organs of plants.
A blue-green biliprotein widely distributed in the plant kingdom.
The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.
The primary plant photoreceptor responsible for perceiving and mediating responses to far-red light. It is a PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASE that is translocated to the CELL NUCLEUS in response to light signals.
Proteins which are present in or isolated from SOYBEANS.
The fixed oil obtained from the dried ripe seed of linseed, Linum usitatissimum (L. Linaceae). It is used as an emollient in liniments, pastes, and medicinal soaps, and in veterinary medicine as a laxative. It is also called flaxseed oil. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Shoot apical meristem and cotyledon formation during Arabidopsis embryogenesis: interaction among the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS genes. (1/470)

The shoot apical meristem and cotyledons of higher plants are established during embryogenesis in the apex. Redundant CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) and CUC2 as well as SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) of Arabidopsis are required for shoot apical meristem formation and cotyledon separation. To elucidate how the apical region of the embryo is established, we investigated genetic interactions among CUC1, CUC2 and STM, as well as the expression patterns of CUC2 and STM mRNA. Expression of these genes marked the incipient shoot apical meristem as well as the boundaries of cotyledon primordia, consistent with their roles for shoot apical meristem formation and cotyledon separation. Genetic and expression analyses indicate that CUC1 and CUC2 are redundantly required for expression of STM to form the shoot apical meristem, and that STM is required for proper spatial expression of CUC2 to separate cotyledons. A model for pattern formation in the apical region of the Arabidopsis embryo is presented.  (+info)

Enhancer-like properties of an RNA element that modulates Tombusvirus RNA accumulation. (2/470)

Prototypical defective interfering (DI) RNAs of the plus-strand RNA virus tomato bushy stunt virus contain four noncontiguous segments (regions I-IV) derived from the viral genome. Region I corresponds to 5'-noncoding sequence, regions II and III are derived from internal positions, and region IV represents a 3'-terminal segment. We analyzed the internally located region III in a prototypical DI RNA to understand better its role in DI RNA accumulation. Our results indicate that (1) region III is not essential for DI RNA accumulation, but molecules that lack it accumulate at significantly reduced levels ( approximately 10-fold lower), (2) region III is able to function at different positions and in opposite orientations, (3) a single copy of region III is favored over multiple copies, (4) the stimulatory effect observed on DI RNA accumulation is not due to region III-mediated RNA stabilization, (5) DI RNAs lacking region III permit the efficient accumulation of head-to-tail dimers and are less effective at suppressing helper RNA accumulation, and (6) negative-strand accumulation is also significantly depressed for DI RNAs lacking region III. Collectively, these results support a role for region III as an enhancer-like element that facilitates DI RNA replication. A scanning-type mutagenesis strategy was used to define portions of region III important for its stimulatory effect on DI RNA accumulation. Interestingly, the results revealed several differences in the requirements for activity when region III was in the forward versus the reverse orientation. In the context of the viral genome, region III was found to be essential for biological activity. This latter finding defines a critical role for this element in the reproductive cycle of the virus.  (+info)

Posttranslational removal of the carboxyl-terminal KDEL of the cysteine protease SH-EP occurs prior to maturation of the enzyme. (3/470)

SH-EP is a cysteine protease from germinating mung bean (Vigna mungo) that possesses a carboxyl-terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, KDEL. In order to examine the function of the ER retention sequence, we expressed a full-length cDNA of SH-EP and a minus-KDEL control in insect Sf-9 cells using the baculovirus system. Our observations on the synthesis, processing, and trafficking of SH-EP in Sf-9 cells suggest that the KDEL ER-retention sequence is posttranslationally removed either while the protein is still in the ER or immediately after its exit from the ER, resulting in the accumulation of proSH-EP minus its KDEL signal. It is this intermediate form that appears to progress through the endomembrane system and is subsequently processed to form mature active SH-EP. The removal of an ER retention may regulate protein delivery to a functional site and present an alternative role for ER retention sequences in addition to their well established role in maintaining the protein composition of the ER lumen.  (+info)

Cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase during postgerminative growth. Its expression and action on lipid bodies. (4/470)

In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), high lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) activity has been detected in the soluble fraction prepared from cotyledons of germinating seeds, and the involvement of this enzyme in lipid turnover has been suggested (K. Matsui, M. Irie, T. Kajiwara, A. Hatanaka [1992] Plant Sci 85: 23-32; I. Fuessner, C. Wasternack, H. Kindl, H. Kuhn [1995] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 11849-11853). In this study we have investigated the expression of the gene lox-1, corresponding to the LOX-1 enzyme. LOX-1 expression is highly coordinated with that of a typical glyoxysomal enzyme, isocitrate lyase, during the postgerminative stage of cotyledon development. In contrast, although icl transcripts accumulated in tissue during in vitro senescence, no accumulation of lox-1 mRNA could be observed, suggesting that lox-1 plays a specialized role in fat mobilization. LOX-1 is also known to be a major lipid body protein. The partial peptide sequences of purified LOX-1 and lipid body LOX-1 entirely coincided with that deduced from the lox-1 cDNA sequence. The data strongly suggest that LOX-1 and lipid body LOX-1 are derived from a single gene and that LOX-1 can exist both in the cytosol and on the lipid bodies. We constructed an in vitro oxygenation system to address the mechanism of this dual localization and to investigate the action of LOX-1 on lipids in the lipid bodies. LOX-1 cannot act on the lipids in intact lipid bodies, although degradation of lipid body proteins, either during seedling growth or by treatment with trypsin, allows lipid bodies to become susceptible to LOX-1. We discuss the role of LOX-1 in fat mobilization and its mechanism of action.  (+info)

Regulation of nitrite reductase by light and nitrate in the cotyledons of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). (5/470)

Light and nitrate are the major factors regulating the nitrite reductase (NiR) amongst various environmental and metabolic cues in plants. Hot pepper was used to investigate this regulatory mechanism of the NiR gene expression and its dependency on light and nitrate. The major results from this study are: (I) the nir partial clone (581 bp) obtained from hot pepper genomic DNA by degenerative polymerase chain reaction exhibited an amino acid sequence that is highly homologous with other plants. (II) Genomic DNA blot analysis and the NiR electrophoretic assay revealed that a small multigene family encodes NiR, which exists at least in two isoforms. (III) The light-mediated increase of NiR activity is correlated with the nitrate concentration, showing saturation kinetics above 50 mM of nitrate. (IV) Exogenous nitrate was required for the appearance of nir transcripts, but not for the enzyme activity. These results suggest that the gene expression of NiR in hot pepper is determined by the presence of nitrate at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, light has a synergistic effect on the action of nitrate on NiR levels.  (+info)

Identification of a cis-regulatory element involved in phytochrome down-regulated expression of the pea small GTPase gene pra2. (6/470)

The pra2 gene encodes a pea (Pisum sativum) small GTPase belonging to the YPT/rab family, and its expression is down-regulated by light, mediated by phytochrome. We have isolated and characterized a genomic clone of this gene and constructed a fusion DNA of its 5'-upstream region in front of the gene for firefly luciferase. Using this construct in a transient assay, we determined a pra2 cis-regulatory region sufficient to direct the light down-regulation of the luciferase reporter gene. Both 5'- and internal deletion analyses revealed that the 93-bp sequence between -734 and -642 from the transcriptional start site was important for phytochrome down-regulation. Gain-of-function analysis showed that this 93-bp region could confer light down-regulation when fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Furthermore, linker-scanning analysis showed that a 12-bp sequence within the 93-bp region mediated phytochrome down-regulation. Gel-retardation analysis showed the presence of a nuclear factor that was specifically bound to the 12-bp sequence in vitro. These results indicate that this element is a cis-regulatory element involved in phytochrome down-regulated expression.  (+info)

Barley coleoptile peroxidases. Purification, molecular cloning, and induction by pathogens. (7/470)

A cDNA clone encoding the Prx7 peroxidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) predicted a 341-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 36,515. N- and C-terminal putative signal peptides were present, suggesting a vacuolar location of the peroxidase. Immunoblotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that the Prx7 protein and mRNA accumulated abundantly in barley coleoptiles and in leaf epidermis inoculated with powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis). Two isoperoxidases with isoelectric points of 9.3 and 7.3 (P9.3 and P7.3, respectively) were purified to homogeneity from barley coleoptiles. P9.3 and P7.3 had Reinheitszahl values of 3.31 and 2.85 and specific activities (with 2,2'-azino-di-[3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid], pH 5.5, as the substrate) of 11 and 79 units/mg, respectively. N-terminal amino acid sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry peptide analysis identified the P9. 3 peroxidase activity as due to Prx7. Tissue and subcellular accumulation of Prx7 was studied using activity-stained isoelectric focusing gels and immunoblotting. The peroxidase activity due to Prx7 accumulated in barley leaves 24 h after inoculation with powdery mildew spores or by wounding of epidermal cells. Prx7 accumulated predominantly in the epidermis, apparently in the vacuole, and appeared to be the only pathogen-induced vacuolar peroxidase expressed in barley tissues. The data presented here suggest that Prx7 is responsible for the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds known as hordatines, which accumulate abundantly in barley coleoptiles.  (+info)

Blue light-directed destabilization of the pea Lhcb1*4 transcript depends on sequences within the 5' untranslated region. (8/470)

Pea seedlings grown in continuous red light accumulate significant levels of Lhcb1 RNA. When treated with a single pulse of blue light with a total fluence >10(4) micromol m(-2), the rate of Lhcb1 transcription is increased, whereas the level of Lhcb1 RNA is unchanged from that in control seedlings. This RNA destabilization response occurs in developing leaves but not in the apical bud. The data presented here indicate that the same response occurs in the cotyledons of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. The blue light-induced destabilization response persists in long hypocotyl hy4 and phytochrome phyA, phyB, and hy1 mutants as well as in far-red light-grown seedlings, indicating that neither CRY1 (encoded by the hy4 locus) nor phytochrome is the sole photoreceptor. Studies with transgenic plants indicate that the destabilization element in the pea Lhcb1*4 transcript resides completely in the 5' untranslated region.  (+info)

In the medical field, cotyledon refers to the seed leaf of a plant embryo. It is the first leaf to develop in the embryo and is responsible for storing nutrients that will be used by the developing plant. In some plants, such as legumes, the cotyledon is also the primary source of food for the developing embryo. The number and type of cotyledons can vary among different plant species and can provide important clues for plant identification and classification.

Arabidopsis is a small flowering plant species that is widely used as a model organism in the field of plant biology. It is a member of the mustard family and is native to Europe and Asia. Arabidopsis is known for its rapid growth and short life cycle, which makes it an ideal model organism for studying plant development, genetics, and molecular biology. In the medical field, Arabidopsis is used to study a variety of biological processes, including plant growth and development, gene expression, and signaling pathways. Researchers use Arabidopsis to study the genetic basis of plant diseases, such as viral infections and bacterial blight, and to develop new strategies for crop improvement. Additionally, Arabidopsis is used to study the effects of environmental factors, such as light and temperature, on plant growth and development. Overall, Arabidopsis is a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant biology and has important implications for agriculture and medicine.

Arabidopsis Proteins refer to proteins that are encoded by genes in the genome of the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis is a small flowering plant that is widely used as a model organism in plant biology research due to its small size, short life cycle, and ease of genetic manipulation. Arabidopsis proteins have been extensively studied in the medical field due to their potential applications in drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and treatment. For example, some Arabidopsis proteins have been found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-viral properties, making them potential candidates for the development of new drugs. In addition, Arabidopsis proteins have been used as tools for studying human diseases. For instance, researchers have used Arabidopsis to study the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. Overall, Arabidopsis proteins have become an important resource for medical research due to their potential applications in drug discovery and disease research.

Plant proteins are proteins that are derived from plants. They are an important source of dietary protein for many people and are a key component of a healthy diet. Plant proteins are found in a wide variety of plant-based foods, including legumes, nuts, seeds, grains, and vegetables. They are an important source of essential amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins and are necessary for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. Plant proteins are also a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and are generally lower in saturated fat and cholesterol than animal-based proteins. In the medical field, plant proteins are often recommended as part of a healthy diet for people with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Cucumis sativus, commonly known as cucumber, is a plant species in the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae). It is widely cultivated for its edible fruit, which is used in various culinary applications. In the medical field, cucumber is not typically used as a medicinal plant. However, some studies have suggested that cucumber may have potential health benefits. For example, cucumbers are a good source of hydration and may help to reduce inflammation and improve digestion. They also contain antioxidants and other nutrients that may have potential anti-cancer effects. In addition, cucumber is sometimes used in traditional medicine practices, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, for a variety of purposes, including reducing inflammation, improving digestion, and promoting overall health and well-being. However, the scientific evidence for these uses is limited, and more research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of cucumber.

Seed storage proteins are a type of protein that are synthesized and stored in the seeds of plants. These proteins are important for the growth and development of the plant, and they also play a role in the nutrition of animals that consume the seeds. There are several different types of seed storage proteins, including albumins, globulins, and glutelins. These proteins are rich in essential amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins that are necessary for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. In the medical field, seed storage proteins are often studied for their potential as a source of nutrition for people and animals, as well as for their potential use in the development of new drugs and therapies.

Indoleacetic Acids (IAAs) are a type of plant hormone that play a crucial role in plant growth and development. They are synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan and are involved in various aspects of plant physiology, including cell division, elongation, and differentiation. In the medical field, IAAs have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications. For example, IAAs have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and they may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. IAAs have also been used in agriculture as a growth promoter for plants. They can stimulate root growth, increase plant biomass, and improve crop yields. However, the use of IAAs as a plant growth promoter is controversial, as it may have negative environmental impacts and may contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Overall, IAAs are an important class of plant hormones with potential therapeutic and agricultural applications.

Brassica napus, commonly known as rapeseed or canola, is a species of plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is an important oilseed crop that is widely grown for its edible oil, which is used in food and biofuel production. In the medical field, Brassica napus is not typically used for treatment of any specific condition. However, some studies have suggested that compounds found in rapeseed oil may have potential health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and improving heart health. Additionally, some people may use rapeseed oil topically as a moisturizer or to help soothe skin irritations. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of Brassica napus and its compounds.

In the medical field, Brassica is a genus of plants that includes many commonly consumed vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and kale. These vegetables are known for their high nutritional value and are often used in dietary interventions for their potential health benefits. Some Brassica vegetables have been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. They are also a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, and folate. In addition to their potential health benefits, Brassica vegetables have also been studied for their potential therapeutic effects in various medical conditions. For example, some studies have suggested that broccoli may have anti-cancer properties and may help to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. Other studies have suggested that Brassica vegetables may have potential benefits for digestive health, immune function, and brain health.

In the medical field, angiosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary, which develops into a fruit after fertilization. Angiosperms are also known as flowering plants or dicots, and they are the most diverse group of plants on Earth, with over 300,000 species. Angiosperms are important in medicine because many of them produce useful compounds, such as medicinal plants, that have been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments. For example, aspirin is derived from the bark of the willow tree, which is an angiosperm, and digitalis, a heart medication, is derived from the foxglove plant, another angiosperm. In addition to their medicinal uses, angiosperms are also important in agriculture, as they provide food, fiber, and other resources for humans and animals. Many crops, such as wheat, rice, and corn, are angiosperms, and they are also used to produce biofuels and other industrial products. Overall, angiosperms play a crucial role in the functioning of ecosystems and have significant economic and medicinal value.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic information of living organisms, including plants. In plants, DNA is found in the nucleus of cells and in organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. Plant DNA is composed of four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair up in a specific way to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, with adenine always pairing with thymine and cytosine always pairing with guanine. The sequence of these bases in DNA determines the genetic information that is passed down from parent plants to offspring. This information includes traits such as plant height, leaf shape, flower color, and resistance to diseases and pests. In the medical field, plant DNA is often studied for its potential to be used in biotechnology applications such as crop improvement, biofuels production, and the development of new medicines. For example, scientists may use genetic engineering techniques to modify the DNA of plants to make them more resistant to pests or to produce higher yields.

Glyoxylates are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (-CO-) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the same carbon atom. They are derivatives of glycolic acid and are commonly found in various metabolic pathways in the body. In the medical field, glyoxylates are often studied in relation to their role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. For example, glyoxylate shunt is a metabolic pathway that bypasses the citric acid cycle and is important for the metabolism of certain amino acids and the detoxification of harmful substances such as dicarboxylic acids. Glyoxylates have also been implicated in the development of certain diseases, such as kidney disease and cancer. For example, elevated levels of glyoxylate have been observed in the urine of patients with kidney disease, and some studies have suggested that glyoxylate may play a role in the development of certain types of cancer by promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells.

In the medical field, the term "castor bean" typically refers to the plant Ricinus communis, which is native to Africa and is widely cultivated for its oil-rich seeds. The oil extracted from the seeds of the castor bean is used in a variety of industrial and medical applications, including as a lubricant, in the production of plastics and resins, and as a source of ricin, a toxic protein that can be used as a biological weapon. In addition to its industrial uses, castor oil has also been used in traditional medicine for a variety of purposes, including as a laxative, to treat constipation, and to promote the growth of hair. However, it is important to note that ricin is also present in the seeds of the castor bean, and exposure to ricin can be dangerous or even deadly. As a result, the handling and processing of castor beans and their products must be done with caution to prevent accidental exposure to ricin.

RNA, Plant refers to the type of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that is found in plants. RNA is a molecule that plays a crucial role in the expression of genes in cells, and there are several types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). In plants, RNA plays a critical role in various biological processes, including photosynthesis, growth and development, and defense against pathogens. Plant RNA is also important for the production of proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of plant cells. RNA, Plant can be studied using various techniques, including transcriptomics, which involves the analysis of RNA molecules in a cell or tissue to identify the genes that are being expressed. This information can be used to better understand plant biology and to develop new strategies for improving crop yields, increasing plant resistance to diseases and pests, and developing new plant-based products.

Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as peanuts, is a legume plant species that belongs to the family Fabaceae. In the medical field, peanuts are often used as a source of nutrition and as a treatment for various health conditions. Peanuts are a rich source of protein, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals, making them an important part of a balanced diet. They are also a good source of antioxidants, which can help protect the body against damage from free radicals. In addition to their nutritional benefits, peanuts have been found to have potential health benefits in the treatment of certain conditions. For example, some studies have suggested that consuming peanuts may help lower the risk of heart disease by reducing inflammation and improving cholesterol levels. Peanuts have also been found to have potential anti-cancer properties, and may help protect against certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. However, it is important to note that peanuts can also cause allergic reactions in some people, and can be a common cause of food allergies. If you have a peanut allergy, it is important to avoid consuming peanuts and to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of an allergic reaction.

In the medical field, "Citrullus" refers to a genus of plants in the family Cucurbitaceae, commonly known as watermelons. The fruit of the watermelon plant is a large, round or oblong fruit with a green rind and red or pink flesh, and is a popular summer fruit. Watermelons are also used in various medical applications, such as in the treatment of dehydration and heat exhaustion, as well as in the management of certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. In addition, watermelon juice has been shown to have potential health benefits, including its ability to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.

In the medical field, vegetable proteins refer to proteins that are derived from plant sources, such as legumes, nuts, seeds, grains, and vegetables. These proteins are an important part of a healthy diet, as they provide essential amino acids that are necessary for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. Vegetable proteins are often considered to be a good alternative to animal proteins, which are high in saturated fat and cholesterol. They are also a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which are important for maintaining good health. In some cases, people with certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease or high blood pressure, may need to limit their intake of animal proteins and increase their intake of vegetable proteins. In these cases, it is important to work with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian to ensure that the diet is balanced and meets the individual's nutritional needs.

Phytochrome is a photoreceptor protein found in plants and some bacteria that plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, including seed germination, photomorphogenesis, and photoperiodic responses. In the medical field, phytochrome has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications. For example, some studies have suggested that phytochrome may have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and may be useful in the treatment of various diseases. Additionally, phytochrome has been shown to modulate the immune system and may have potential as a treatment for autoimmune disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic applications of phytochrome.

Phytochrome A is a photoreceptor protein found in plants that plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, including seed germination, photomorphogenesis, and flowering time. It is a light-sensitive protein that undergoes reversible photoconversion between two distinct forms, Pr (red-absorbing form) and Pfr (far-red-absorbing form), in response to changes in light intensity and quality. In the medical field, phytochrome A has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, research has shown that phytochrome A can modulate the activity of various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which may have implications for cancer treatment. Additionally, phytochrome A has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may be beneficial in the management of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders.

Soybean proteins are a type of protein that is derived from soybeans. They are commonly used as a source of protein in vegetarian and vegan diets, as well as in the production of various food products such as meat substitutes, dairy alternatives, and baked goods. In the medical field, soybean proteins have been studied for their potential health benefits. Some research suggests that soybean proteins may help to lower cholesterol levels, reduce the risk of heart disease, and improve bone health. Soybean proteins are also a good source of essential amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins that the body needs to function properly. However, it is important to note that some people may be allergic to soy or may have difficulty digesting it. If you are considering adding soybean proteins to your diet, it is a good idea to speak with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian to determine if they are right for you.

Linseed oil is a type of vegetable oil that is extracted from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). It is commonly used in the medical field as a natural emollient and moisturizer for the skin. Linseed oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties and can help to soothe dry, itchy, or irritated skin. It is also used as a base for certain types of ointments and creams, and as a diluent for other active ingredients in topical medications. In addition, linseed oil has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including digestive disorders, respiratory problems, and skin conditions. However, more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these uses.

Tiscali.reference - Cotyledon Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cotyledon. Look up cotyledon in Wiktionary, the free ... the cotyledons are functionally similar to leaves. However, true leaves and cotyledons are developmentally distinct. Cotyledons ... A cotyledon (/ˌkɒtɪˈliːdən/; lit. 'seed leaf'; from Latin cotyledon; from κοτυληδών (kotulēdṓn), gen. κοτυληδόνος (kotulēdónos ... Adventitious flower clusters form along the midrib of the cotyledon. The second cotyledon is much smaller and ephemeral.[ ...
... is perhaps the most widely grown Cotyledon. The stems are covered with a thick, white, coating. The leaves ... Cotyledon undulate, also known as silver crown or silver ruffles, is a small succulent shrub up to 50 cm tall. It has unusual ...
However, Cotyledon produce tubular, upside-down bells which are smaller, usually less than 3 cm (1.2 in) in length; Cotyledon ... ISBN 3-540-52171-2. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cotyledon orbiculata. Cotyledon orbiculata at Weedbusters (New ... is a South African succulent plant belonging to the genus Cotyledon. Cotyledon orbiculata is an extremely variable species, one ... Cotyledon orbiculata has a number of medicinal uses. In South Africa, the fleshy part of the leaf is applied to warts and corns ...
Leaf shape comparison Cotyledon tomentosa was described in 1862 by William Henry Harvey, and has no synonyms. Cotyledon ... "Cotyledon tomentosa subsp. tomentosa". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020. "Cotyledon heterophylla Roxb". Plants of the World Online. ... Cotyledon tomentosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, native to South Africa. It is a succulent ... "Cotyledon tomentosa Harv". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-05- ...
ISBN 978-3-85474-140-4. "Saxifraga cotyledon L. (1753)". SaxBase. The Saxifrage Society. "Saxifraga cotyledon (Pyramidal ... Saxifraga cotyledon, the pyramidal saxifrage, occurs in the mountains of Europe and has rosettes about 20 centimetres (8 in) ... Saxifraga cotyledon has an Arctic-alpine distribution, occurring in Scandinavia, Iceland, the Western Alps and the Pyrenees. To ... "Fjällbrud, Saxifraga cotyledon L." Den virtuella floran (in Swedish). Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. August 14, 2006. Retrieved ...
The cotyledons receive fetal blood from chorionic vessels, which branch off cotyledon vessels into the cotyledons, which, in ... Sheep, goats and cattle have between 72 and 125 cotyledons whereas deer have 4-6 larger cotyledons. The form of the human ... Each cotyledon consists of a main stem of a chorionic villus as well as its branches and sub-branches. ... The cotyledons are surrounded by maternal blood, which can exchange oxygen and nutrients with the fetal blood in the ...
A cotyledon is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Cotyledon may also refer to: Cotyledon (genus), a ... Look up cotyledon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... a part of the anatomy of mammals Saxifraga cotyledon, a species ... of saxifrage, a plant This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cotyledon. If an internal link led you ... plant genus in the family Crassulaceae Cotyledon (placenta), ...
Cotyledon adscendens Cotyledon barbeyi Cotyledon campanulata Cotyledon cuneata Cotyledon chrysantha Cotyledon elisae Cotyledon ... ladismithiensis Cotyledon undulata - silver crown, silver ruffles Cotyledon velutina Cotyledon woodii Cotyledon adscendens, a ... Cotyledon woodii (green-leaved form). Cotyledon xanthantha Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cotyledon. Mort, Mark E.; ... Cotyledon papillaris (grey form) Cotyledon pendens has slender, dangling stems and almost ovate leaves. Cotyledon tomentosa (" ...
"Viola cotyledon". RHS. Retrieved 13 June 2023. "Viola cotyledon". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ... Viola cotyledon is a flowering plant in the family Violaceae, native to Argentina and Chile. Growing to 50 cm (20 in) tall and ... "Viola cotyledon". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common names Siskiyou lewisia and cliff ... The specific epithet cotyledon ("small cup") refers to the shape of the leaves. Flowering from spring to summer, the ... "Lewisia cotyledon". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 27 February 2020. "RHS Plantfinder - Lewisia Sunset ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lewisia cotyledon. Jepson Manual Treatment Photo gallery v t e (Articles with short ...
... (syn. Umbilicus chrysanthus Boiss. & Heldr.) is an ornamental plant of family Crassulaceae. Pink, A. (2004 ...
Watson, Sereno (1879). "Cotyledon palmeri". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 14: 292. McCabe, S. (1997 ... E Palmer in 1877, whom the specific epithet is named after, and described by Sereno Watson in 1879 as Cotyledon palmeri. The ...
Kidneywort - Cotyledon umbilicus. Also called pennywort and navelwort. Knotwort - Any plant of the genus Illecebrum. Laserwort ... Navelwort - Plants in the genera Cotyledon and Omphalodes. Nettlewort - Any plant of the nettle family, Urticaceae. Nipplewort ...
Peperomia cotyledon Benth. Peperomia coulteri C.DC. Peperomia cowanii Yunck. Peperomia crassicaulis Fawc. & Rendle Peperomia ...
Cotyledon caespitosa var. paniculata, now Dudleya cymosa subsp. paniculata, was merged into setchellii. Almost half a century ... Originally placed a subspecies of Cotyledon laxa / Echeveria laxa, an antiquated synonym for Dudleya caespitosa, botanists ... Jepson, Willis Linn (1901). "Cotyledon laxa var. setchellii". Flora of Western Middle California: 267 - via crassulaceae.com. ...
... was discovered by a Lieutenant Pond, and described by Edward Lee Greene in 1889 as Cotyledon linearis. ... Greene, Edward Lee (1889). "Cotyledon linearis" (PDF). Pittonia. 1: 285-286 - via crassulaceae.com. Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; ...
Cotyledon - "Seed leaves"; first leaves sprouted in a dicot, where there are two cotyledons in a seedling. Diploid Double ...
Crassulaceae: Cotyledon flavida Fourc., Cotyledon leucothrix (C.A.Sm.) Fourc. Cucurbitaceae: Kedrostis angulata (Berg.) Fourc. ...
Stimulation of cotyledon expansion. Opening of the apical hook, see Seedling's photomorphogenesis and etiolation for details. ...
This species was described as Cotyledon saxosum by Marcus E. Jones, based on a plant he found growing in Panamint Canyon in ... Jones, Marcus E. (1898). "Cotyledon saxosum n. sp". Contributions to Western Botany. 8. Rose, Joseph Nelson (1903). "New or ...
... endemic Cotyledon cuneata Thunb. endemic Cotyledon egglii Van Jaarsv. endemic Cotyledon eliseae Van Jaarsv. endemic Cotyledon ... endemic Cotyledon lutea Van Jaarsv. accepted as Cotyledon xanthantha Van Jaarsv. & Eggli, endemic Cotyledon orbiculata L. ... tomentosa, endemic Cotyledon velutina Hook.f. endemic Cotyledon woodii Schonland & Baker f. endemic Cotyledon xanthantha Van ... Cotyledon tomentosa Harv. indigenous Cotyledon tomentosa Harv. subsp. ladismithiensis (Poelln.) Toelken, endemic Cotyledon ...
"Buha, The Coconut Cotyledon". Gardencore. Retrieved 25 April 2019. "Food Products from the Coconut Tree". Coconut 101. ... They are also known variously as coconut pearls, coconut embryos, coconut candy, coconut apples, coconut cotyledons or simply ... Sprouted coconuts, also referred to as coconut sprouts, are the edible spherical sponge-like cotyledons of germinating coconuts ...
Its basionym is Cotyledon subrigida. Echeveria is named for Atanasio Echeverría y Godoy, a botanical illustrator who ...
Rydin, C.; Mohr, B.; Friis, E.M. (2003). "Cratonia cotyledon gen. et sp. nov.: a unique Cretaceous seedling related to ...
... cotyledon var. cotyledon: USA (Oregon, California) Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri (C.V.Morton) Munz: USA (California) ... Lewisia cotyledon grow up to 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) in height and width. About half of the species of Lewisia are deciduous, ... Some species, such as Lewisia cotyledon, are evergreen. Meriwether Lewis, of Lewis and Clark fame, is credited with the first ... "Lewisia ×whiteae Purdy [cotyledon × leeana]". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 5 August 2012. Clayton & Drury ...
Embryo curved, near the summit of the copious oleo-fleshy albumen, its radicle next the hilum; cotyledons oblong. The wood of ...
Seeds two or, by abortion, one in each cell, chestnut brown shining; cotyledons fleshy. Illustration Tree in New Hampshire The ...
Flesh thin and sour, charged with malic acid; seeds light brown, oblong, compressed; cotyledons fleshy. Native to eastern North ...
The same species would later be described again as Sedum cotyledon by Joseph Franz von Jacquin in 1811, and in 1840 Thomas ... The earliest species of the genus described was Cotyledon caespitosa, by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1803, which would later be ... Early botanists classified the larger species as Echeveria and Cotyledon, while the geophytic species were placed under Sedum. ... Cotyledon and Dudleya in the UK. Plant Pathology, 57(4). Chesnut, John (October 2018). "Defeat Dudleya Poaching Through ...
Seedlings have heart-shaped cotyledon leaves. The species is often confused with P. vitacea or "False Virginia creeper", which ... Flower Berries after the leaves have dropped in autumn Seedling with heart-shaped cotyledon leaves Emerging leaf in spring ...
Cotyledon hybrid , je zahrnuj mezidruhov k ence a k ence hybrid samotn ch.. Lev sie Sunset Strain je st lezelen sukulent s p kn ...
옥수수와 같은 외떡잎식물은 배아의 유관속조직(vascular tissue)과 직접 연결되는 배반(scutellum)이라고 불리는 하나의 큰 떡잎(cotyledon)을 가지고 있습니다. 배젖은 여기서 식량 비축물 역할을 합니다. ... 배젖(endosperm)과 떡잎(cotyledon)은 성장하는 배아를 위한 식량 비축 역할을 합니다. ...
Seeds from this Lewisia cotyledon Sunset Strain. Origin USA California and Southwest Oregon An eye catching mixture of colors ... Be the first to review "Lewisia cotyledon Sunset Strain 10 seeds" Cancel reply. Sorry, you are not allowed to leave a comment/ ... Seeds from this Lewisia cotyledon Sunset Strain. Origin USA California and Southwest Oregon An eye catching mixture of colors ...
Nonpareil) cotyledon. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol. 37:317-322.. Microstructure of almond cotyledon was observed with light, ... The objective of this study was to characterize almond cotyledon surfaces as well as to describe internal and sub cellular ...
Photos and information on the plants and flowers of Colombia, Cotyledon orbiculata
Sucrose uptake into cotyledon discs was stimulated by low levels of Na₂SO₃. NaNO₂ and high levels of Na₂SO₃ inhibited sucrose ... Na₂SO₃ and NaNO₂ had no effect on the rate of proton pumping by intact cotyledons but in some cases the magnitude of the pH ... Gibsonii cotyledons have been investigated in order to explain the observed damage resulting from plant exposure to these gases ... The effects of air pollutants on aspects of solute transport across the plasma membrane in cotyledons of Ricinus communis ...
Cotyledon flanaganii Schönland & Baker f.. Accepted name in llifle Database:. Cotyledon orbiculata var. oblonga (Haw.) DC.. ... Cotyledon zuluensis Schönland ex Poelln.. Accepted name in llifle Database:. Cotyledon orbiculata var. spuria (L.) Toelken. ... Cotyledon ungulata Lamarck. Accepted name in llifle Database:. Cotyledon orbiculata var. flanaganii (Schönland & Baker f.) ... Cotyledon orbiculata L.. Sp. Pl. 1: 429. 1753 [1 May 1753]. Synonymy: 34 *Cotyledon orbiculata L. ...
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The Cotyledon orbiculata Dancing Queen is entering the stage. This branching succulent is great for any window or bright ... The Cotyledon orbiculata Dancing Queen is entering the stage. This branching succulent is great for any window or bright ...
OUT OF STOCK! *** Including: 1 live succulent plant (Cotyledon Orbiculata Rainbow Ball Variegata). Plant size: 4cm (1.57 inch) ...
Especificaciones: Precio por unidad. Pedido mínimo hasta completar bandeja (6 unidades de 13cm).
Area di origine dellUmbilicus rupestris, Cotyledon umbilicus in omeopatia, penny-pies, Properties and uses of the navelwort, ... Propiedades y usos del ombligo de Venus, Proprietà del Cotyledon umbilicus, Proprietà ed usi dellombelico di Venere, Umbilicus ...
Cotyledon pendens Succulent cuttings Plant will cut fresh when ship. Each cutting is approx. 3 inches long. These succulents ... Cotyledon pendens Succulent cuttings. Plant will cut fresh when ship. Each cutting is approx. 3 inches long. ...
Cotyledon. Heres your opportunity to order exact succulent species at an awesome price! We will continue to add new types as ...
Cotyledon orbiculata with thick stems grow leaves are short, egg-shaped leaves with white powdery coating and purple tips. It ... Cotyledon orbiculata var. flanaganii is an erect, succulent shrub up to 34 inches (75 cm) tall. The leaves are spirally ...
The scutellum is a lateral cotyledon. These dimorphic cotyledons of the maize embryo originate from the dorsiventrality of the ... Embryogenesis, Germination, Structure and Cotyledon Dimorphism of Zea mays Embryo FENG Jiu-Huan, XU Xue-Bin, LIU Xiang-Dong, ... Morphogenetically, the coleoptile primordium and apical meristem in maize are similar to the coleoptile (apical cotyledon) and ... Embryogenesis, Germination, Structure and Cotyledon Dimorphism of Zea mays Embryo[J]. J Integr Plant Biol., 2003, 45(6): 712- ...
Best succulents to grow - Cotyledon orbiculata. Cotyledon orbiculata is a South African native evergreen succulent, bearing ...
Cotyledon Tomentosa Bears Paw Variegated (1 of 1)-4. Published November 4, 2019. at 1000 × 1000 in 170. Cotyledon Tomentosa ...
Coty LeDon 8 Stickers One day this frondly lil sprout will grow up to be a beautiful bloom! Ganbatte, baby bean~! ...
Cotyledon) > how to care and characteristics 🌱 PlantIn 🌿 Our best expert are here for your plants! ... All You should know about Cotyledon Mint Truffles ( ... Cotyledons are very tolerant of drying out in Summer, but if ... Cotyledons are small prostrate plants to medium sized shrubs to 2 meters. All have succulent leaves and thickened stems. ... Cotyledons have recently been assessed to having 10 to 11 species it was much larger group incorporating Adromischus, Dudleya, ...
Cotyledon spp., occasional tip burn only (e). Crassula arborescens (a). Cytisus racemosus (broom). Other species tolerant (c,d) ...
Surface sterilant effect on the regeneration efficiency from cotyledon explants of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties ...
F) Cotyledon embryos. (G,H) Deformed embryo. (I) brown and died embryo. (J) Lagging embryo development. (K) Albino embryo. (L) ... The cotyledonary embryos were gradually introduced to light over 48 to 72 h. Next, embryos with green cotyledons were rooted on ... Cotyledon embryos (Figure 1F) appeared after 16 to 20 days of culture. ...
High School Express → Strongest Baseball → National Popular Team… Distribution of 18-year-old super rookies from cotyledons. * ... High School Express → Strongest Baseball → National Popular Team… Distribution of 18-year-old super rookies from cotyledons. ...
A native plant garden. How to design your California Landscaping for deer and fire. Proof? Resistant maybe.
Botanical Name: Cotyledon tomentosa. The gorgeous flashy and furry leaves of Cotyledons can be divided into 2 groups. One group ... Bear Paws (Cotyledon tomentosa). Bear Paw succulent can live up to 100 years but tends to grow much faster when it receives ...
Lewisia, Montiaceae, Gallery of flowers and plants photographed by Andrea and Friedrich Lohmueller.
Compare: Cotyledon Umbilicus Cotyledon (climacteric troubles); Nat Mur Nat-m.; Nitric Acid Nit-ac.; Crotalus Cascavella Crotal ...
  • Lev sie Sunset Strain je st lezelen sukulent s p kn mi listy, uspo dan mi v efektn p zemn r ici, je vypad trochu jako rozev en net esk. (havlis.cz)
  • True true leaves refer to the foliage leaves of a plant, as opposed to a seed leaf or cotyledon. (answerlib.org)
  • The cotyledon of grasses and many other monocotyledons is a highly modified leaf composed of a scutellum and a coleoptile. (wikipedia.org)
  • 옥수수와 같은 외떡잎식물은 배아의 유관속조직(vascular tissue)과 직접 연결되는 배반(scutellum)이라고 불리는 하나의 큰 떡잎(cotyledon)을 가지고 있습니다. (jove.com)
  • The scutellum is a lateral cotyledon. (jipb.net)
  • A maize embryo is a hypocotyl, in which the apical part is the shoot apex (or plumule) with the coleoptile, the central part consists mainly of the hypocotyl with a lateral cotyledon (scutellum), and the basal part is the radicle with coleorhiza. (jipb.net)
  • Cotyledons are formed during embryogenesis, along with the root and shoot meristems, and are therefore present in the seed prior to germination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cotyledons refer to the embryonic leaves in seed-bearing plants and, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed. (answerlib.org)
  • Cotyledons are also referred to as seed leaves, embryonic leaves, and first leaves. (answerlib.org)
  • In the case of dicot seedlings whose cotyledons are photosynthetic, the cotyledons are functionally similar to leaves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gymnosperm seedlings also have cotyledons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gnetophytes, cycads, and ginkgos all have 2, whereas in conifers they are often variable in number (multicotyledonous), with 2-24 cotyledons forming a whorl at the top of the hypocotyl (the embryonic stem) surrounding the plumule. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cotyledons provide nutrients to the plant embryo in order to germinate and sustain themselves as a photosynthetic creature. (answerlib.org)
  • Cotyledons may be ephemeral, lasting only days after emergence, or persistent, enduring at least a year on the plant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such a plant is Streptocarpus wendlandii of South Africa in which one cotyledon grows to be up to 75 centimeters (2.5 feet) in length and up to 61 cm (two feet) in width (the largest cotyledon of any dicot, and exceeded only by Lodoicea). (wikipedia.org)
  • Gibsonii cotyledons have been investigated in order to explain the observed damage resulting from plant exposure to these gases. (bl.uk)
  • Cotyledons are part of the seed and, on many plants, they provide photosynthesis as the plant grows. (answerlib.org)
  • Mediterranean cypress always having just two cotyledons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within each species, there is often still some variation in cotyledon numbers, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cotyledons have recently been assessed to having 10 to 11 species it was much larger group incorporating Adromischus, Dudleya, Tylecodens, and others, which now have their own individual genera's. (myplantin.com)
  • The number of cotyledons present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants (angiosperms). (wikipedia.org)
  • The ultimate development of the epigeal habit is represented by a few plants, mostly in the family Gesneriaceae in which the cotyledon persists for a lifetime. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cotyledons are the first leaves produced by plants. (answerlib.org)
  • Cotyledon - Hardy drought tolerant, easy to grow outdoors or as container plants. (myplantin.com)
  • Cotyledons are small prostrate plants to medium sized shrubs to 2 meters. (myplantin.com)
  • 54. Cotyledon, corpus laterale seminis, bibulum, caducum" and 89, by analogy with a similar structure of the same name in the placenta. (wikipedia.org)
  • As these reserves are used up, the cotyledons may turn green and begin photosynthesis, or may wither as the first true leaves take over food production for the seedling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Do cotyledons turn into leaves? (answerlib.org)
  • Cotyledons are known as 'seed leaves' because they emerge and turn green as the seed germinates . (answerlib.org)
  • Microstructure of almond cotyledon was observed with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. (nuthealth.org)
  • Morphogenetically, the coleoptile primordium and apical meristem in maize are similar to the coleoptile (apical cotyledon) and apex formation of the rice embryo, so the coleoptile of the maize embryo can also be considered as an apical cotyledon. (jipb.net)
  • However, true leaves and cotyledons are developmentally distinct. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cotyledons are very tolerant of drying out in Summer, but if given extra or good watering they will grow well at this time breaking their dormancy. (myplantin.com)
  • Welcome to our online selection of Cotyledon succulents for sale, where you can easily buy live Cotyledon succulent plants online. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Our collection boasts a wide range of Cotyledon succulents for sale online, offering you the opportunity to explore and select your favorites. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Cotyledon succulents come in various types and varieties, each possessing its own unique charm. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Cotyledon is a genus that includes numerous varieties of perennial shrubby leaf and stem succulents native to Southern Africa and the Arabian peninsula. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Cotyledon succulents usually have tubular orange or salmon-pink flowers with curled petal tips that bloom in the summer. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Cotyledon succulents exhibit a versatile range, from small, adorable plants to medium-sized shrubs that can reach up to 2 meters in height. (succulentsbox.com)
  • What makes Cotyledon succulents especially appealing is their adaptability. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Whether grown outdoors in gardens or as container plants, Cotyledon succulents are easy to nurture, making them an excellent choice for both seasoned growers and beginners alike. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Whether you're interested in different types of Cotyledon succulent varieties or are simply on the lookout for new additions to your indoor plant collection, our selection has something for everyone. (succulentsbox.com)
  • So, if you're in search of a low-maintenance hanging plant that's as charming as it is resilient, be sure to explore our Cotyledon Succulent collection. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Returning Ghanaian songstress, Itz Tiffany drops her new single titled "Cotyledon" which was produced by Richie Mensah, CEO of Lynx Entertainment. (netbuzzafrica.com)
  • The depression of the greening-ability in cotyledons may be involved in development of secondary dormancy of cocklebur seeds in concert with the decline of their growth pontential. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 1. The seeds contain two cotyledons or lobes. (amblesideonline.org)
  • 12. Comparative studies on pyrimidine metabolism in excised cotyledons of Pinus radiata during shoot formation in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • In the case of dicot seedlings whose cotyledons are photosynthetic, the cotyledons are functionally similar to leaves. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, true leaves and cotyledons are developmentally distinct. (wikipedia.org)
  • As these reserves are used up, the cotyledons may turn green and begin photosynthesis, or may wither as the first true leaves take over food production for the seedling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The name "Cotyledon" is derived from the first two leaves that emerge from the seed of a dicotyledonous plant upon germination. (succulentsbox.com)
  • The best way to propagate your Cotyledon is by cuttings or leaves. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Again, to take an example nearer home and of ordinary observation, the balsam has cotyledon leaves repeated a long way up the stem--but these exceptions only prove the rule. (amblesideonline.org)
  • Adventitious flower clusters form along the midrib of the cotyledon. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The term cotyledon was coined by Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694). (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the protective layer of pruinose, Cotyledon loves to be in partial to full sun, and prefers shade in the summer, however, direct sunlight could cause sunburn. (succulentsbox.com)
  • Similarly, the application of ethylene together with enriched oxygen and carbon dioxide, or subsequent to a KCN treatment, which were the most effective means for breaking secondary dormancy, completely restored both chlorophyll formation and growing ability of the cotyledons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The ultimate development of the epigeal habit is represented by a few plants, mostly in the family Gesneriaceae in which the cotyledon persists for a lifetime. (wikipedia.org)