Cost sharing. Medical search

The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

The amount that a health care institution or organization pays for its drugs. It is one component of the final price that is charged to the consumer (FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL or PRESCRIPTION FEES).

The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.

The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of resources committed to an activity is not considered excessive. This determination is frequently subjective and dependent upon the specific geographic area of the activity being measured. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Costs which are directly identifiable with a particular service.

Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. Several forms of sharing are in use, e.g., deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. Cost sharing does not refer to or include amounts paid in premiums for the coverage. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

The assignment, to each of several particular cost-centers, of an equitable proportion of the costs of activities that serve all of them. Cost-center usually refers to institutional departments or services.

Statistical models of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as of financial considerations. For the application of statistics to the testing and quantifying of economic theories MODELS, ECONOMETRIC is available.

That portion of total HEALTH CARE COSTS borne by an individual's or group's employing organization.

A measurement index derived from a modification of standard life-table procedures and designed to take account of the quality as well as the duration of survival. This index can be used in assessing the outcome of health care procedures or services. (BIOETHICS Thesaurus, 1994)

Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

Health insurance plans intended to reduce unnecessary health care costs through a variety of mechanisms, including: economic incentives for physicians and patients to select less costly forms of care; programs for reviewing the medical necessity of specific services; increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing incentives for outpatient surgery; selective contracting with health care providers; and the intensive management of high-cost health care cases. The programs may be provided in a variety of settings, such as HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS and PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS.

Ratio of output to effort, or the ratio of effort produced to energy expended.

The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.

Review of claims by insurance companies to determine liability and amount of payment for various services. The review may also include determination of eligibility of the claimant or beneficiary or of the provider of the benefit; determination that the benefit is covered or not payable under another policy; or determination that the service was necessary and of reasonable cost and quality.

A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility.

A graphic device used in decision analysis, series of decision options are represented as branches (hierarchical).

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They include proposed income and expenditures.

Amounts charged to the patient or third-party payer for medication. It includes the pharmacist's professional fee and cost of ingredients, containers, etc.

Payment by individuals or their family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.

Mathematical or statistical procedures used as aids in making a decision. They are frequently used in medical decision-making.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

Insurance providing for payment of services rendered by the pharmacist. Services include the preparation and distribution of medical products.

Economic aspects related to the management and operation of a hospital.

System of recording financial transactions.

Economic aspects of the fields of pharmacy and pharmacology as they apply to the development and study of medical economics in rational drug therapy and the impact of pharmaceuticals on the cost of medical care. Pharmaceutical economics also includes the economic considerations of the pharmaceutical care delivery system and in drug prescribing, particularly of cost-benefit values. (From J Res Pharm Econ 1989;1(1); PharmacoEcon 1992;1(1))

Economic aspects of the field of medicine, the medical profession, and health care. It includes the economic and financial impact of disease in general on the patient, the physician, society, or government.

Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Those funds disbursed for facilities and equipment, particularly those related to the delivery of health care.

Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XIX, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, administered by the states, that provides health care benefits to indigent and medically indigent persons.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Amounts charged to the patient as payer for medical services.

The remuneration paid or benefits granted to an employee.

Health insurance plans for employees, and generally including their dependents, usually on a cost-sharing basis with the employer paying a percentage of the premium.

Chronic absence from work or other duty.

The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Works about lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPOEIAS in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.

An examination, review and verification of all financial accounts.

Community health and NURSING SERVICES providing coordinated multiple services to the patient at the patient's homes. These home-care services are provided by a visiting nurse, home health agencies, HOSPITALS, or organized community groups using professional staff for care delivery. It differs from HOME NURSING which is provided by non-professionals.

Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

Formal programs for assessing drug prescription against some standard. Drug utilization review may consider clinical appropriateness, cost effectiveness, and, in some cases, outcomes. Review is usually retrospective, but some analysis may be done before drugs are dispensed (as in computer systems which advise physicians when prescriptions are entered). Drug utilization review is mandated for Medicaid programs beginning in 1993.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

Apparatus, devices, or supplies intended for one-time or temporary use.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

Directions written for the obtaining and use of DRUGS.

An interval of care by a health care facility or provider for a specific medical problem or condition. It may be continuous or it may consist of a series of intervals marked by one or more brief separations from care, and can also identify the sequence of care (e.g., emergency, inpatient, outpatient), thus serving as one measure of health care provided.

Economic aspects of the nursing profession.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.

Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably expected to live.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

Total pharmaceutical services provided by qualified PHARMACISTS. In addition to the preparation and distribution of medical products, they may include consultative services provided to agencies and institutions which do not have a qualified pharmacist.

Use for articles on the investing of funds for income or profit.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

Cost-sharing mechanisms that provide for payment by the insured of some portion of covered expenses. Deductibles are the amounts paid by the insured under a health insurance contract before benefits become payable; coinsurance is the provision under which the insured pays part of the medical bill, usually according to a fixed percentage, when benefits become payable.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)

Care over an extended period, usually for a chronic condition or disability, requiring periodic, intermittent, or continuous care.

Evaluation of biomedical technology in relation to cost, efficacy, utilization, etc., and its future impact on social, ethical, and legal systems.

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.

A method of examining and setting levels of payments.

Method of charging whereby a physician or other practitioner bills for each encounter or service rendered. In addition to physicians, other health care professionals are reimbursed via this mechanism. Fee-for-service plans contrast with salary, per capita, and prepayment systems, where the payment does not change with the number of services actually used or if none are used. (From Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

The effort of two or more parties to secure the business of a third party by offering, usually under fair or equitable rules of business practice, the most favorable terms.

The design, completion, and filing of forms with the insurer.

An increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial and continuing rise in the general price level.

Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

Hospitals maintained by a university for the teaching of medical students, postgraduate training programs, and clinical research.

The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.

The use of DRUGS to treat a DISEASE or its symptoms. One example is the use of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to treat CANCER.

A broad approach to appropriate coordination of the entire disease treatment process that often involves shifting away from more expensive inpatient and acute care to areas such as preventive medicine, patient counseling and education, and outpatient care. This concept includes implications of appropriate versus inappropriate therapy on the overall cost and clinical outcome of a particular disease. (From Hosp Pharm 1995 Jul;30(7):596)

An organized procedure carried out through committees to review admissions, duration of stay, professional services furnished, and to evaluate the medical necessity of those services and promote their most efficient use.

Persons admitted to health facilities which provide board and room, for the purpose of observation, care, diagnosis or treatment.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

Planning for the equitable allocation, apportionment, or distribution of available health resources.

Theoretical representations and constructs that describe or explain the structure and hierarchy of relationships and interactions within or between formal organizational entities or informal social groups.

Societal or individual decisions about the equitable distribution of available resources.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Hospitals controlled by various types of government, i.e., city, county, district, state or federal.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

The condition in which individuals are financially unable to access adequate medical care without depriving themselves and their dependents of food, clothing, shelter, and other essentials of living.

Organized services for the purpose of providing diagnosis to promote and maintain health.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

The obtaining and management of funds for institutional needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Hospitals engaged in educational and research programs, as well as providing medical care to the patients.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the aged and the maintenance of health in the elderly.

Visits made by patients to health service providers' offices for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Subsequent admissions of a patient to a hospital or other health care institution for treatment.

Facilities which provide nursing supervision and limited medical care to persons who do not require hospitalization.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

Diagnostic procedures, such as laboratory tests and x-rays, routinely performed on all individuals or specified categories of individuals in a specified situation, e.g., patients being admitted to the hospital. These include routine tests administered to neonates.

Persons who receive ambulatory care at an outpatient department or clinic without room and board being provided.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.

In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

Institutions with permanent facilities and organized medical staff which provide the full range of hospital services primarily to a neighborhood area.

Facilities equipped for performing surgery.

Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.

An absence from work permitted because of illness or the number of days per year for which an employer agrees to pay employees who are sick. (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Organizations which assume the financial responsibility for the risks of policyholders.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

Insurance coverage providing compensation and medical benefits to individuals because of work-connected injuries or disease.

The room or rooms in which the physician and staff provide patient care. The offices include all rooms in the physician's office suite.

Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

The capability of an organism to survive and reproduce. The phenotypic expression of the genotype in a particular environment determines how genetically fit an organism will be.

That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.

Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement.

Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Nursing care given to an individual in the home. The care may be provided by a family member or a friend. Home nursing as care by a non-professional is differentiated from HOME CARE SERVICES provided by professionals: visiting nurse, home health agencies, hospital, or other organized community group.

Any system which allows payors to share some of the financial risk associated with a particular patient population with providers. Providers agree to adhere to fixed fee schedules in exchange for an increase in their payor base and a chance to benefit from cost containment measures. Common risk-sharing methods are prospective payment schedules (PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEM), capitation (CAPITATION FEES), diagnosis-related fees (DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS), and pre-negotiated fees.

A system wherein reimbursement rates are set, for a given period of time, prior to the circumstances giving rise to actual reimbursement claims.

The legal relation between an entity (individual, group, corporation, or-profit, secular, government) and an object. The object may be corporeal, such as equipment, or completely a creature of law, such as a patent; it may be movable, such as an animal, or immovable, such as a building.

Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Facilities for the preparation and dispensing of drugs.

A stand-alone drug plan offered by insurers and other private companies to beneficiaries that receive their Medicare Part A and/or B benefits through the Original Medicare Plan. It includes Medicare Private Fee-for-Service Plans that do not offer prescription drug coverage and Medicare Cost Plans offering Medicare prescription drug coverage. The plan was enacted as the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 with coverage beginning January 1, 2006.

The administrative process of discharging the patient, alive or dead, from hospitals or other health facilities.

Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.

The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.

An approach of practicing medicine with the goal to improve and evaluate patient care. It requires the judicious integration of best research evidence with the patient's values to make decisions about medical care. This method is to help physicians make proper diagnosis, devise best testing plan, choose best treatment and methods of disease prevention, as well as develop guidelines for large groups of patients with the same disease. (from JAMA 296 (9), 2006)

Individuals licensed to practice medicine.

Organized services in a hospital which provide medical care on an outpatient basis.

Excessive, under or unnecessary utilization of health services by patients or physicians.

Organized collections of computer records, standardized in format and content, that are stored in any of a variety of computer-readable modes. They are the basic sets of data from which computer-readable files are created. (from ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Major administrative divisions of the hospital.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

Financial incentives and drug spending in managed care. (1/393)

This study estimates the impact of patient financial incentives on the use and cost of prescription drugs in the context of differing physician payment mechanisms. A large data set was developed that covers persons in managed care who pay varying levels of cost sharing and whose physicians are compensated under two different models: independent practice association (IPA)-model and network-model health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Our results indicate that higher patient copayments for prescription drugs are associated with lower drug spending in IPA models (in which physicians are not at risk for drug costs) but have little effect in network models (in which physicians bear financial risk for all prescribing behavior). (+info)

Who bears the burden of Medicaid drug copayment policies? (2/393)

This DataWatch examines the impact of Medicaid prescription drug copayment policies in thirty-eight states using survey data from the 1992 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Findings indicate that elderly and disabled Medicaid recipients who reside in states with copay provisions have significantly lower rates of drug use than their counterparts in states without copayments. After controlling for other factors, we find that the primary effect of copayments is to reduce the likelihood that Medicaid recipients fill any prescription during the year. This burden falls disproportionately on recipients in poor health. (+info)

User charges in government health facilities in Kenya: effect on attendance and revenue. (3/393)

In this paper we study demand effects of user charges in a district health care system using cross-sectional data from household and facility surveys. The effects are examined in public as well as in private health facilities. We also look briefly at the impact of fees on revenue and service quality in government facilities. During the period of cost-sharing in public clinics, attendance dropped by about 50%. This drop prompted the government to suspend the fees for approximately 20 months. Over the 7 months after suspension of fees, attendance at government health centres increased by 41%. The suspension further caused a notable movement of patients from the private sector to government health facilities. The revenue generated by user fees covered 2.4% of the recurrent health budget. Some 40% of the facilities did not spend the fee revenue they collected, mainly due to cumbersome procedures of expenditure approvals. The paper concludes with lessons from Kenya's experience with user charges. (+info)

The impact of alternative cost recovery schemes on access and equity in Niger. (4/393)

The authors examine accessibility and the sustainability of quality health care in a rural setting under two alternative cost recovery methods, a fee-for-service method and a type of social financing (risk-sharing) strategy based on an annual tax+fee-for-service. Both methods were accompanied by similar interventions aimed at improving the quality of primary health services. Based on pilot tests of cost recovery in the non-hospital sector in Niger, the article presents results from baseline and final survey data, as well as from facility utilization, cost, and revenue data collected in two test districts and a control district. Cost recovery accompanied by quality improvements increases equity and access to health care and the type of cost recovery method used can make a difference. In Niger, higher access for women, children, and the poor resulted from the tax+fee method, than from the pure fee-for-service method. Moreover, revenue generation per capita under the tax+fee method was two times higher than under the fee-for-service method, suggesting that the prospects of sustainability were better under the social financing strategy. However, sustainability under cost recovery and improved quality depends as much on policy measures aimed at cost containment, particularly for drugs, as on specific cost recovery methods. (+info)

Protecting the poor under cost recovery: the role of means testing. (5/393)

In African health sectors, the importance of protecting the very poor has been underscored by increased reliance on user fees to help finance services. This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding the role means testing can play in promoting equity under health care cost recovery. Means testing is placed in the broader context of targeting and contrasted with other mechanisms. Criteria for evaluating outcomes are established and used to analyze previous means testing experience in Africa. A survey of experience finds a general pattern of informal, low-accuracy, low-cost means testing in Africa. Detailed household data from a recent cost recovery experiment in Niger, West Africa, provides an unusual opportunity to observe outcomes of a characteristically informal means testing system. Findings from Niger suggest that achieving both the revenue raising and equity potential of cost recovery in sub-Saharan Africa will require finding ways to improve informal means testing processes. (+info)

Improving quality through cost recovery in Niger. (6/393)

New evidence on the quality of health care from public services in Niger is discussed in terms of the relationships between quality, costs, cost-effectiveness and financing. Although structural attributes of quality appeared to improve with the pilot project in Niger, significant gaps in the implementation of diagnostic and treatment protocols were observed, particularly in monitoring vital signs, diagnostic examination and provider-patient communications. Quality improvements required significant investments in both fixed and variable costs; however, many of these costs were basic input requirements for operation. It is likely that optimal cost-effectiveness of services was not achieved because of the noted deficiencies in quality. In the test district of Boboye, the revenues from the copayments alone covered about 34% of the costs of medicines or about 20% of costs of drugs and administration. In Say, user fees covered about 50-55% of the costs of medicines or 35-40% of the amount spent on medicines and cost-recovery administration. In Boboye, taxes plus the additional copayments covered 120-180% of the cost of medicines, or 75-105% of the cost of medicines plus administration of cost recovery. Decentralized management and legal conditions in the pilot districts appeared to provide the necessary structure to ensure that the revenues and taxes collected would be channelled to pay for quality improvements. (+info)

R(7/393)

esearch note: does cost recovery for curative care affect preventive care utilization? (+info)

Research note: price uncertainty and the demand for health care.(8/393)

(+info)

Moulin is also known for his seminal work in cost sharing and assignment problems. In particular, jointly with Anna Bogomolnaia ... Brenner, Janina; Schäfer, Guido (July 2008). "Group-strategyproof Cost Sharing mechanisms for Makespan and other Scheduling ... doi:10.1016/S0022-0531(05)80044-4. Moulin, Hervé; Shenker, Scott (September 1992). "Serial Cost Sharing". Econometrica. 60 (5 ... ISBN 978-0-444-89427-4. Roughgarden, Tim; Sundararajan, Mukund (1 June 2009). "Quantifying Inefficiency in Cost-sharing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hervé_Moulin

... increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing ... Reference price schemes are another method to share costs, where a health insurer will only pay a certain amount and anything ... Basic protection deals with costs of a hospital room, hospital services, care and supplies, cost of surgery in or out of ... which has a copayment cost share feature (a nominal payment generally paid at the time of service), a PPO generally does not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_care

Cost plus profit (murabahah); Debt (al-Qard); Hiring/leasing (al-Ijarah); Lending (al-I'arah); Agency (wakalah); Mortgage (al- ... Rahn); Partnership (Musharakah); Profit Sharing (Mudarabah). IBFIM and Majallah al-Ahkam al-Adliyyah divide fiqh into Fiqh ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muamalat

Cohen, J., Dupas, P. (2010). Free Distribution or Cost-Sharing? Evidence from a Randomized Malaria Prevention Experiment. ... is more effective than distribution under cost-sharing and, considering the large positive externality related to the ... widespread use of ITNs, would likely decrease the cost per life saved (with Jessica Cohen). Group savings and credit schemes as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascaline_Dupas

Cost-sharing is now common practice. For radio broadcasters, the more homogeneity between different services held in common ... This shift occurred because it is no longer cost effective to have a full staff or studio for every signal on the air. The 1996 ... This increase of cost-efficiency, an application of economies of scale, also results in cutting staff and centralizing ... Robert F. X. Sillerman, Chairman of SFX Broadcasting, noted that consolidation also helps spread overhead costs around, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_homogenization

"Usana's shares subject to delisting by Nasdaq". Deseret News. 15 August 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2011. "USANA reports that ... "Judgement will cost Usana $7 million". The Salt Lake Tribune. 13 February 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2011. Denise Jia (15 ... Minkow acknowledged that he was shorting Usana's shares, hoping to profit from a drop in the stock price. Usana filed suits ... In 2007, a Forbes article quoted industry experts and government officials who had raised questions about the cost of Usana's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USANA_Health_Sciences

"Cost Sharing Out of Pocket Costs". Medicaid.gov. Retrieved 12 June 2018. "Generic Drug Facts". FDA. Retrieved 12 June 2018. ... Prescription costs for biosimilar and generic drugs are usually less than brand names, but the cost is different from one ... Brand name drugs cost more due to time, money, and resources that drug companies invest in in order to repeat research clinical ... The co-payments are compulsory and can be discounted by pharmacies up to a maximum of A$1.00 at cost to the pharmacy. In the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_drug

"Member Cost Shares". Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 2016-11-13. "About ICON". Center for Research Libraries. ... It also gathers and analyzes data pertaining to the preservation of physical and digital resources, and fosters the sharing of ... 230-235 Rutledge, John; Swindler, Luke; "Evaluating membership in a resource-sharing program: the center for research libraries ... paper and microform collections for the CRL community through coordinated archiving and collection-sharing arrangements with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Research_Libraries

The judge enjoined further cost-sharing payments, but stayed the order pending appeal, to the United States Court of Appeals ... "Court Stays Cost-Sharing Reduction Payment Case, Giving Control To New Administration And Congress (Updated)". ... "Trump ends health care cost-sharing subsidies". CNN. Retrieved 2018-04-17. Billy House and Matt Berman, "House Votes to Move ... Judge Collyer criticized the government's arguments in favor of the cost-sharing reimbursements as "most curious and convoluted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_v._Azar

"Settlement In Cost-Sharing Reduction Payment Case". doi:10.1377/hblog20171215.665944 (inactive February 26, 2021).CS1 maint: ... was filed in late 2014 concerning the cost-sharing program and implementation of the law. The case was eventually settled ... He said: Regardless of whether one relies on an insurance policy, one's savings, or the backstop of free or reduced-cost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_challenges_to_the_Affordable_Care_Act

Some firms lowered costs by increasing cost-sharing (for higher employee contributions, deductibles and co-payments). 60% ... The 50 percent discount on brand name drugs provided $581 and the increased Medicare share of generic drug costs provided the ... President Trump had stopped paying the cost sharing subsidies and the Congressional Budget Office estimated his action would ... Per capita cost increases averaged 5.4% annually between 2000 and 2013. Costs relative to GDP, which had been rising, had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implementation_history_of_the_Affordable_Care_Act

VFL (3 September 2013). "Rising stars share Liston". VFL SportingPulse. "Headcount costs Lourey medal". Sportingpulse. 27 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_VFL_season

The Alliance shares costs. The members of the Borealis Alliance are: Avinor EANS Finavia IAA ISAVIA Latvijas Gaisa Satiksme ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borealis_Alliance

Other elements alleged to be part of the sabotage strategy include denying funding not mandated by law for cost sharing ... President Trump had stopped paying the cost sharing subsidies and the Congressional Budget Office estimated his action would ... "The Effects of Terminating Payments for Cost-Sharing Reduction" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. Washington, D.C.: United ... Liptak, Kevin (October 12, 2017). "Trump will end health care cost-sharing subsidies". CNN. Atlanta: Turner Broadcasting System ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13813

Beneficiary cost sharing can be higher for drugs in these tiers. The average (weighted) monthly premium paid by the beneficiary ... Cost utilization consists of techniques that attempt to reduce insurer costs. The three main cost utilization measures are ... Plans vary widely in formularies and cost-sharing. Most eliminate the deductible and use tiered drug co-payments rather than ... About 20% of the Part D budget covers re-insurance for catastrophic drug costs as described above. Part D pays 95% of costs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_Part_D

"Establishing Sensible Cost Sharing for Medicare Cancer Patients". Health Affairs Blog. Official website. ... "Concern Over Drug Costs". The New York Times. September 17, 2013. Andrews, Michelle (October 3, 2014). "What You Need to Know ... Avalere continues to operate as a subsidiary with a focus on providing advisory services on market consolidation, cost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalere_Health

... costs of the auction, and costs of relocation. On April 27, 2012, the FCC approved letting stations share spectrum using DTV ... "FCC Grants STA for L.A. Spectrum Sharing". TV Technology. Retrieved 17 March 2014. "TV Stations in Los Angeles to Share a ... 13 other stations had planned to share but instead went off the air. 120 other stations that announced they would share ... "KCET, KLCS In Channel-Sharing Partnership". TVNewsCheck. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014. "KCET, KLCS to Share ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction

doi:10.1080/00091383.2017.1286217 Taylor, B.J. & Morphew, C.C. (2015). Trends in cost-sharing in the United States. Higher ... Morphew, C.C. & Baker, B.D. (2004). The cost of prestige: Do new Research 1 Universities incur increased administrative costs? ... On the utility of national datasets and resource cost models to estimate faculty instructional costs in higher education. ... Morphew, C.C. (1999). Challenges facing shared governance within the college. In J.D. Toma & A. Kezar (Eds.), Reconceptualizing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Morphew

Rosenbloom's share cost him $13,000. In January 1953, the NFL awarded the city of Baltimore the franchise, with Rosenbloom as ... Rozelle, with the help of Rosenbloom, would spearhead equal revenue sharing of all TV contracts among the 12 league franchises ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_Rosenbloom

"The Complete Cost Keeper"; by Horace L. Arnold. Published by The Engineering Magazine Co., 1900. "Cost Accounts of an Engineer ... "Gain Sharing"; a paper by Henry R. Towne; presented at the May, 1889, meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ... "Cost Accounts"; by C. A. Millener. The Hunter Rose Co., Ltd., Toronto, 1901. "A Bonus System of Rewarding Labor"; a paper by H ... "Profit Sharing between Employer and Employee. A Study in the Evolution of the Wage System"; by Nicolas Paine Oilman. "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Diemer

Will Share Costs of Projects". Winnipeg Free Press. pp. 1, 4. v t e v t e v t e. ... Facing heavy renovation costs for the bridge in the mid-90s, the city investigated the possibility of tearing it down but ... backed away when told of the $1,000,000 price tag, and thus instead was fixed at the cost of $300,000. On May 24, 2014, a 100th ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDI_Bridge

The +808 Universal International Shared Cost Number (UISCN), billed at the price of a domestic call, shares the same eight- ... 088-numbers are shared-cost; from landlines, the caller pays only the costs for a local call, whereas the receiver pays the ... The cost per minute and per month is typically far higher for a shared-use number than for a standard toll-free vanity number ... A fixed-cost fee (usually the cost of a local call) is payable by the caller to "1300" and "13" prefix numbers (followed by six ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_number

"The Cost of Sequencing a Human Genome". www.genome.gov. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 17 Jun 2017. Miller KE, Lin SM ... Family sharing. The implications of genetic test results for other family members are important to consider in patients ... The rapid drop in cost of whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing in the last five years has resulted in the ... In recent years the development of high-throughput or next-generation sequencing has dramatically lowered the cost of DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_genetic_and_genomic_testing

... to 3 GW scale are still found to be cost-effective, due to efficiency-boosting features that can be cost effective only when ... Policy-based data sharing utilizes GPS-clock-synchronized-fine-grain power grid measurements to provide increased grid ... the market and seek to minimise energy cost by adapting demand to the lower-cost energy support periods. This is an extension ... the focus of transportation costs will be increased. Reduction of maintenance and replacements costs will stimulate more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid

Cost analysis and efficiency metrics are the primary functions. The benefits administration module provides a system for ... These typically encompass insurance, compensation, profit sharing, and retirement. The HR management module is a component ... The significant cost incurred in maintaining an organized recruitment effort, cross-posting within and across general or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resource_management_system

Gino, F. (2008) Do we listen to advice just because we paid for it? The impact of advice cost on its use. Organizational ... Harvey, N., & Fischer, I. (1997). Taking advice: accepting help, improving judgment, and sharing responsibility. Organizational ... The effect of paying for advice is thought to have foundations in the economic theory of sunk costs. In situations where the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge–advisor_system

Dowd, Maureen (1989-02-07). "BUSH SAVINGS PLAN CALLS FOR SHARING THE COST BROADLY; Big Sale Of Bonds". The New York Times. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution_Funding_Corporation

Cost sharing and/or investment matching will be required. In the second a total of $10.2 million was awarded over 18 months for ... Partners were required to contribute at least 30 percent of the cost of the overall proposed effort. In January 2018 Sierra ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Space_Technologies_for_Exploration_Partnerships

Chang, Jae-soon (8 May 2017). "THAAD deployment could raise cost-sharing questions: CRS report". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved ... The firms are taking advantage of low-cost labor available in the North to compete with China to create low-end goods such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaesong_Industrial_Region

The electric car shares the iQ overall width of 1,680 mm (66.1 in), height of 1,505 mm (59.3 in) and wheelbase of 2,000 mm ( ... "Aston's iQ to cost £31k - BBC Top Gear". Top Gear. 20 January 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2012. "Aston Martin Cygnet Launch ... "Aston shares to fund new cars". Autocar. Retrieved 14 February 2010. "Aston Martin Cygnet supermini launch editions". evo. 20 ... UC Irvine Press Release (21 March 2013). "UC Irvine's car-sharing program charges ahead". University of California, Irvine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_iQ

Revolutionary diagnostic testing methods that cost tens of millions of dollars to produce should be the flagship of the modern ... So they wanted to focus on genetic fragments containing paternally inherited sequences the mother did not share, but had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariosa_v._Sequenom

In the 1970s the federal government came under intense pressures to curtail labour cost and inflation. In 1975, the Liberal ... In certain situations involving state public employees in the United States, such as California, "fair share laws" make it easy ... In many countries unions are tightly bonded, or even share leadership, with a political party intended to represent the ... and Africa has been partially driven by increasing costs of union partnership, which gives other countries a comparative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unions

Yet recent studies have shown that food webs from a wide range of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine communities share a ... maintenance costs)."[5]:5 In a very general sense, energy flow (E) can be defined as the sum of metabolic production (P) and ... to study emergent patterns and properties shared among ecosystems. There are different ecological dimensions that can be mapped ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

The complex cost $1.8 million and was considered the most modern mental health facility in the country.[3] ... a burial site it shared with the Fernald School.[5] ... It was closed in January 1992 as a result of the state's cost- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_State_Hospital_(Massachusetts)

The shared feature is a claim to heal that is not based on the scientific method. Alternative medicine practices are diverse in ... Sobel, D.S. (2000). "Chapter 28: The Cost-effectiveness of Mind-body Medicine Interventions". In Mayer, E.A.; Saper, C.B. (eds ... Alternative therapies share in common that they reside outside medical science, and rely on pseudoscience. Traditional ... and refers to this as opportunity cost. Individuals who spend large amounts of time and money on ineffective treatments may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

Peer-to-peer file sharing[edit]. See also: BitTorrent (protocol) § Downloading torrents and sharing files ... Reciprocal altruism works in animal communities where the cost to the benefactor in any transaction of food, mating rights, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_for_Tat

However, only about 25% of gay men and 40% of lesbians are in shared-household partnerships at any one time, according to non- ... then filed another lawsuit alleging that the statistical methods used in computing the state populations were improper and cost ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census,_2000

... a cost per person average is only a rough measure of actual cost of care. The annual cost of care will vary state to state ... During 2003-2012, the share of hospital stays billed to Medicaid increased by 2.5%, or 0.8 million stays.[77] ... including full medical costs.[15] (Estate recovery, when the state recovers all medical costs for people 55 and older, extends ... the mean cost per stay billed to Medicaid was $2,000 less than the average cost for all stays.[88] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid

In 2008, a fire at Dolphin House resulted in Sarah moving into the Royal Lodge, again sharing a house with the Duke of York. ... "Duke of York costs taxpayers £15m". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 8 March 2011 ... The couple agreed to share custody of their two daughters, and the Duchess continued to live at the Duke's home, Sunninghill ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York

It is generally not a first-line choice due to its higher cost and a lack of clear superiority over other antibiotics.[1][15] ... Although HS shares certain overlapping features with acne vulgaris, such as a tendency to clog skin follicles with skin cell ... The costs and social impact of acne are substantial. In the United States, acne vulgaris is responsible for more than 5 million ... doctor visits and costs over US$2.5 billion each year in direct costs.[13] Similarly, acne vulgaris is responsible for 3.5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

"In Molotch, Harvey; Norén, Laura (eds.). Toilet: public restrooms and the politics of sharing. New York: NYU Press. pp. 145-164 ... "Unisex toilets in schools should be avoided at all costs". independent.co.uk. London: The Independent. Retrieved December 20, ... Multi-user facilities which are open to all and where users may either share sinks in an open area or each have their own sink ... Toilet: Public Restrooms and the Politics of Sharing. Retrieved April 2, 2016.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet

... since there is an extra cost associated with each additional item enumerated. However, the relative difference in costs ... However, functional imaging research has been interpreted both to support different[18] and shared processes.[19] ... This has been interpreted as evidence that shared processes are involved.[19] However, the existence of further activations ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subitizing

Cost[edit]. When announced, the Collins replacement project was identified as the most expensive ever undertaken by the ... A September 2012 weapons technology swap deal and a July 2014 agreement on the sharing of defence technology were seen as ... Government predictions in 2014 estimated a total cost of up to A$80 billion for 12 Collins derivatives built by ASC, although ... the Australian Strategic Policy Institute has predicted that the new submarines will cost over A$36 billion to design and build ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collins-class_submarine_replacement_project

March 2013). "Cost-effectiveness of Single-Use Technologies for Commercial Cell Therapy Manufacture". Am. Pharm. Rev.: 40. ISSN ... chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy with the intention of eradicating the patient's malignant cell population at the cost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

These concerns are shared by other philosophers, scientists and public intellectuals who have written about similar issues (e.g ... They suggest that the inevitable result of such a society is to become evermore technological at the cost of freedom and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological

Potentials and costs for renewable electricity generation (PDF). *↑ ". Priemerné rýchlosti vetra prímorských veterných ... Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. ... Solar Energy: Scaling Up Manufacturing and Driving Down Costs (PDF), p. 30. ...

https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnoviteľný_zdroj_energie

Brazil is among the greatest consumers markets for drugs, accounting for 3.5% share of the world market. To expand the access ... of the population to drugs, incentives have been offered for marketing generic products, which cost an average of 40% less than ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Brazil

Other creatures, such as fish, crabs, molluscs and echinoderms, often share the den with the octopus, either because they have ... Hence, greater transcriptome plasticity has come as the cost of slower genome evolution. High levels of RNA editing do not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

Stallman is regarded within the open-source community as sharing a key role in the conceptualization of freely-shared source ... As a cost-saving method of using Microsoft products, many large corporations use enterprise agreements and therefore pay a ... The term does not refer to any monetary freedom.[3] Both the free-software movement and the open-source movement share this ... This is a form of invitation for people to put their minds together to grow a software in a cost efficient manner. The reason ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source-software_movement

Current total costs amount to €5.4 billion.[49][50][51][52][53] Revised plans suggest additional costs amounting to an extra € ... The other two owners, the states of Brandenburg and Berlin, will likely permit their shares of the loan as well, so the loan ... The current time-cost frame is limited to 2016;[60] the estimated cost of €6.9 billion is current as of May 2016.[61] The ... This means that the three years of work from 2018 onwards will cost at least €900 million.[63] The total cost of the airport ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport

When costs are normalized for wealth and inflation, it ranks third today.[106] ... The name stems from their characterization as a "fair weather waterspout on land". Waterspouts and landspouts share many ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadoes

Because Brazil is a melting pot of cultures, many elements of Brazilian mythology are shared by the traditions of other ... usually a punishment for pursuing riches at any cost or doing some wrong). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_folklore

Starting as a minister with working-class sympathies in the 1920s and sharing with many other ministers a commitment to ... "celebrated Niebuhr as a paragon of clarity about the costs of a good war".[72] President Barack Obama said that Niebuhr was his ... is so rooted in historical events that readers who do not share his religious views can be led to the same conclusion. ... factory produces and none of us is sensitive enough to care how much in human values the efficiency of the modern factory costs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr

Cost-effectiveness. A 2012 systematic review suggested that the use of spine manipulation in clinical practice is a cost- ... Although a wide diversity of ideas exist among chiropractors,[29] they share the belief that the spine and health are related ... A 2006 systematic cost-effectiveness review found that the reported cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulation in the United ... Utilization of chiropractic care is sensitive to the costs incurred by the co-payment by the patient.[1] The use of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiropractors

It is a relatively low-cost investigation with a high diagnostic yield. The difference between soft and hard body parts stems ... The Japanese term for the radiograph, レントゲン (rentogen), shares its etymology with the original English term. ... ease of installation and low cost. The maximum range of a high-energy photon such as an X-ray in matter is infinite; at every ... Other scientific bodies sharing this conclusion include the International Organization of Medical Physicists, the UN Scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_imaging

Japan has the second largest country market share. The largest market shares in Europe (in order of market share size) belong ... Failure to meet cost targets will lead to substantial losses for an organisation. In addition, with global competition, the R&D ... He shared his concerns at the Black Hat security conference.[69] Radcliff fears that the devices are vulnerable and has found ... in these different regions and throughout the article these regions will be discussed in order of their global market share. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_device

Now with Bill Moyers, "The Cost of Coal". *^ Shear Madness - US News and World Report Archived December 25, 2008, at the ... Unsecured creditors and bondholders will receive $30 million in cash along with 6% of the new shares according to court ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Coal

It shares space with the New Lots branch of the Brooklyn Public Library.[32] After months of effort the burial ground was ... This coalition advocated that vacant New York City owned land be provided at no cost for the development of new affordable ... "THE FRESH AIR FUND; Black Cowboys Share Their Art With Urban Children". New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2012 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn

Despite all of the destruction and death, many human Inferno survivors are convinced it was all a shared hallucination. ... Illyana's brother Colossus is determined to rescue her at all cost. Colossus eventually agrees to work for Cyclops for 364 days ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferno_

The landless labourer will be employed in exchange for a wage, while the share-cropper will do the cultivation and own a part ... but only at the cost of large-scale dislocations in the domestic economy. The British government, this argument maintains, thus ... For example, "[over] and above the half share of the product that was the customary rent, the jotedars commonly recovered grain ... the landless share-cropper differs from the landless labourer not in their respective ownerships, but in the way they can use ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943

Cost(Alice), Cost(Both)/2, Cost(Both)-Cost(George)], Payment(George,Both) = median[Cost(George), Cost(Both)/2, Cost(Both)-Cost( ... Cost(Both)+Cost(Alice)-Cost(George)]/2, Payment(George,Both) = [Cost(Both)+Cost(George)-Cost(Alice)]/2. The egalitarian ... Cost(Q) = the cost of producing Q units of the product. A solution to a cost-sharing problem is defined by a payment Pay ( i ... Cost-sharing becomes more interesting when the marginal cost is not constant. With increasing marginal costs, the agents impose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-sharing_mechanism

The cost sharing reductions (CSR) subsidy is the smaller of two subsidies paid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care ... Trump announced on October 12, 2017 he would end the smaller of the two types of subsidies under the ACA, the cost sharing ... "The Effects of Ending the Affordable Care Acts Cost-Sharing Reduction Payments". April 25, 2017. Thomas Kaplan and Robert Pear ... "The Effects of Terminating Payments for Cost-Sharing Reductions , Congressional Budget Office". www.cbo.gov. "CBO says Trumps ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_sharing_reductions_subsidy

Benefits and Cost-Sharing for Adult Medicaid Beneficiaries. This brief provides details of the benefit and cost-sharing rules ... Share on Facebook. Opens in a new window. Share on Twitter. Opens in a new window. Email. Opens in a new window. ... Medicare Cost-Sharing: Implications for Beneficiaries. Tricia Neuman, Vice President and Director of the Medicare Policy ... Medicare Part D 2010 Data Spotlight: Benefit Design and Cost Sharing. The Medicare Modernization Act established a defined ...

https://www.kff.org/tag/cost-sharing/?paged=25&layout=grid

The type and level of cost sharing often vary by the type of plan in which the worker is enrolled. Cost sharing may also vary ... Employee Cost Sharing. In addition to any required premium contributions, most covered workers must pay a share of the cost for ... Among Covered Workers With Separate Cost Sharing for Hospital Admissions or Outpatient Surgery, Average Cost Sharing, by Type, ... COST SHARING FOR PHYSICIAN OFFICE VISITS. *The majority of covered workers are enrolled in health plans that require cost ...

https://www.kff.org/report-section/ehbs-2019-section-7-employee-cost-sharing/

The most common target cost-sharing range is 11 percent to 20 percent of claim costs (used by 39 percent of respondents). ... More U.S. employers are using employee cost sharing in their prescription drug programs, according to Buck Consultants ... Cost sharing is part of a consumer-directed approach that encourages plan participants to consider price when selecting among ... The survey reveals that 76 percent of respondents use employee cost sharing as a utilization management tool, up substantially ...

https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/benefits/pages/drugcostsharing.aspx

The cost share amount is based on 50 percent of the participants documented cost. The maximum cost share for all SPBI ... Risk Reduction Cost Share: Improving an Existing Stand. SPBI First Commercial Thinning Cost Share is an incentive for loggers ... Best Management Practices Cost Share. TAEP Best Management Practices Cost Share is an incentive for timber harvesting or wood ... The cost share amount is based on 50 percent of the participants eligible cost, not to exceed the maximum per unit. The ...

https://www.state.tn.us/agriculture/forests/landowners/financial/cost-share-for-forest-industry.html

... spending and private premiums could change if the federal government stopped reimbursing insurers for the ACAs cost-sharing ... Elimination of federal cost-sharing reductions could increase marketplace spending by 18 percent or increase the uninsured by ... The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires insurers to provide cost-sharing reductions (CSRs) that lower deductibles, co-payments, ... and Private Premiums Change if the Federal Government Stopped Reimbursing Insurers for the ACAs Cost-Sharing Reductions?. * * ...

https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2017/09/how-would-coverage-federal-spending-and-private-premiums-change.html

Develop should-cost models to learn about total supply chain costs, supplier economics and cost-reduction opportunities. ... Improve supplier participation by assuring them that data sharing for should-cost modeling will not be used to beat suppliers ... Develop should-cost models to learn about total supply chain costs, supplier economics and cost-reduction opportunities. ... Improve supplier participation by assuring them that data sharing for should-cost modeling will not be used to beat suppliers ...

https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3900135/elements-of-successful-shared-cost-reduction-programs

Share the bill for firefighting costs. ON THE STATE BUDGET AND CAL FIRE. Published 7:07 pm PDT, Tuesday, August 14, 2012 ... www.sfgate.com/opinion/editorials/article/Share-the-bill-for-firefighting-costs-3788496.php ... Most broadly, the costs of fireproofing rural California shouldnt be pinned on the residents alone. Developers put in narrow ...

https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/editorials/article/Share-the-bill-for-firefighting-costs-3788496.php

... reflecting the costs of its growth strategy, and shares of the worlds largest online retailer plunged 8.5 percent. ... Amazon.com forecast lower margins than some investors hoped for, reflecting the costs of its growth strategy, and shares of the ... Net income in the fourth quarter was $416 million, or 91 cents per share -- up from $384 million, or 85 cents per share, a year ... Amazon shares traded at $168.75, down 8.5 percent, following the earnings report, after rising more than 5 percent to end at $ ...

http://www.ibtimes.com/amazons-projected-cost-growth-hits-shares-hard-451079

OCCSP provides cost share assistance to producers and handlers of agricultural products who are obtaining or renewing their ... Certified operations may receive up to 75 percent of their certification costs paid during the program year, not to exceed $750 ...

https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/occsp/index?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

... cost sharing reductions in the ACA hope that success will kill Obamacare. Those who oppose the lawsuit say that, precisely ... average cost sharing. Well over half of Obamacare purchasers (about 57% in 2015) get at least some form of cost sharing ... average cost sharing. Well over half of Obamacare purchasers (about 57% in 2015) get at least some form of cost sharing ... But the cost sharing reduction program changes this. If, for example, the purchasers household income is 200% of the ...

https://www.forbes.com/sites/theapothecary/2016/01/14/why-the-house-lawsuit-over-cost-sharing-reductions-might-win-but-wont-kill-obamacare/

An £870,000 IT project to share driver data between the DVLA and motor insurers is floundering over who will bear the costs. ... DVLA driver data-sharing project delayed by costs. A project to let car insurance companies see peoples personal data held by ... An £870,000 IT project to share driver data between the DVLA and motor insurers is floundering over who will bear the costs, ... The project, which cost £870,000 between 2009 and August 2011, has run up against the buffers of cost negotiations between the ...

http://www.zdnet.com/article/dvla-driver-data-sharing-project-delayed-by-costs/

With nanny sharing, you can save money on childcare while giving your baby both the individualized attention of a nanny and the ... Benefits of Nanny Sharing. Cost: Cost is one of the biggest advantages of nanny sharing. Depending on where you live, nannies ... Is Nanny Sharing for You?. Nanny sharing isnt for everyone. But for couples looking to save a little bit of money on day-care ... What is Nanny Sharing?. In a nanny share, you hire one nanny to watch two babies. You join together with another family to find ...

http://www.wisebread.com/nanny-sharing-lowering-the-cost-of-personal-childcare

Do increased patient cost sharing and formulary restrictions reduce pharmaceutical use and costs? ... But the share of drug spending borne by patients and health insurance plans under alternative cost-sharing arrangements changed ... Do increased patient cost sharing and formulary restrictions reduce pharmaceutical use and costs? To answer this question, a ... Cost Sharing Cuts Employers Drug Spending-But Employees Dont Get the Savings. by Geoffrey F. Joyce, Jose J. Escarce, David ...

https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB4553.html

... support help with out-of-pocket health care costs, such as deductibles and copays, according to a recent survey. ... today urged Congress to fund the cost-sharing reduction program for certain individuals purchasing health coverage through the ... AHA, others urge Congress to fund cost-sharing reductions Apr 24, 2017 - 02:42 PM ... Eight organizations, including the AHA, today urged Congress to fund the cost-sharing reduction program for certain individuals ...

https://www.aha.org/news/headline/2017-04-24-aha-others-urge-congress-fund-cost-sharing-reductions

Thus, increasing cost-sharing and reducing financial barriers may aid the at-risk population in obtaining adequate SA treatment ... study investigates the impact of state mental health and SA parity legislation on treatment admission flows and cost-sharing. ... the 2008 Federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act in increasing SA treatment admissions and promoting cost-sharing ... lowering costs for the individual. Despite some crowd-out of charity care for private insurance, mandates reduce the uninsured ...

https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/hlthec/v20y2011i2p161-183.html

... doesnt shoulder its fair share of those costs.. German households use only 26 percent but bear 36 percent of this cost, or 7.4 ... RWE npower, the British unit of German utility RWE (GER:RWE), said it expected the share of commodity prices as a component of ... "The cost of funding government policies for renewable energy, social support and energy efficiency is increasing faster than ... In Britain, where electricity prices are below the EU average and the wholesale cost is a greater proportion of bills than in ...

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/power-costs-shrink-share-europes-111424987.html

Malaysia on Thursday said itwould share with Australia the cost of the latest effort touncover signs of missing Malaysia ... SYDNEY, Aug 28 (Reuters) - Malaysia on Thursday said it would share with Australia the cost of the latest effort to uncover ... 15 million and we are also going to match the Australians in the tender cost for the search," he said. ... Transport Minister Liow Tiong Lai told a news conference in Canberra that the two countries would evenly split the costs of the ...

https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-airlines-idUSL3N0QY1WP20140828?type=companyNews

This entry was posted in Health care reform, Insurance and tagged cost sharing, insurance, out-of-pocket costs, V-BID on July ... Focusing closely on costs leads health systems to use a one-size-fits-all approach to cost sharing, and requiring consumers to ... Tag Archives: cost sharing Trump administration likely to face legal challenges to its double punch at ACA 1 Reply ... This entry was posted in Health care reform, Insurance and tagged Affordable Care Act, cost sharing, Obamacare, risk pools, ...

https://healthjournalism.org/blog/tag/cost-sharing/

We study a policy change that raised patient cost sharing for the supplemental insurer for retired public employees in ... increases in cost sharing by a supplemental insurer can exert financial externalities. ... The savings from increased cost sharing accrue mostly to the supplemental insurer, while the costs of increased hospitalization ... "Patient Cost-Sharing and Hospitalization Offsets in the Elderly." American Economic Review 100.1 (March 2010): 193-213. ...

https://www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/patient-cost-sharing-and-hospitalization-offsets-elderly

What Share of Beneficiaries Total Health Care Costs Does Medicare Pay?. by Craig Caplan, AARP Public Policy Institute, Public ... Payments of Medicare deductibles and other cost-sharing made by state Medicaid programs, private insurance plans, or other ... Although Medicare provides important coverage for hospital, physician, and other services, its cost-sharing requirements are ... Personal health care expenditures exclude administrative costs incurred by public programs and private insurance, the costs of ...

https://www.aarp.org/health/medicare-insurance/info-2002/aresearch-import-657-DD78.html

Dell and Sony are to share battery recall costs after a small number of Dell customer laptops caught fire as a result of faulty ... Dell and Sony are to share battery recall costs after a small number of Dell customer laptops caught fire as a result of faulty ... Sony made the affected batteries for Dell, and has confirmed it will share the expense of recalling the 4.1m laptop batteries ...

https://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240078154/Dell-and-Sony-to-share-cost-of-battery-recall

American Express Co warned of higher operating costs this year as the credit card issuer spends heavily on rewards programs to ... attract customers in an increasingly crowded market, sending its shares down 2.5% on Friday. ... AmEx warns of higher costs as it boosts rewards program, shares fall. ... "Customer engagement cost has been and, I expect, will continue to grow a little faster than our revenues, and so that creates a ...

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-american-express-results/amex-warns-of-higher-costs-as-it-boosts-rewards-program-shares-fall-idUSKCN1UE1C9

Study Links Health Care Cost-Sharing and Increased Disability. June 27, 2007 (PLANSPONSOR.com) - Integrated Benefits Institute ... Increasing Health Care Costs Have Implications for Retirement Savings If one adds annual spending figures, in todays dollars, ... health-related costs, they may want to rethink their approach to measuring and investing in employee health and productivity," ...

https://www.plansponsor.com/study-links-health-care-cost-sharing-and-increased-disability/

Costs for potential work could be spread out over 15 years at a cost of about $45 a year for a taxpayer with a $100,000 home, ... Additional technology upgrades could cost another $1 million.. For a taxpayer with a $100,000 home, that could mean a cost on a ... District officials and an ad-hoc panel of citizens are weighing how to present those possible costs in a community survey that ... The district and the board still have not determined what items the referendum could include or what its total cost could be. ...

http://www.gazettextra.com/news/2012/feb/15/possible-referendum-costs-shared-edgerton/

... subsidies known as cost-sharing reductions are critical financial protection that reduces out-of-pocket health care costs. ... high cost-sharing can present an enormous barrier to accessing necessary medical care. By reducing these barriers, cost-sharing ... Health Insurance Cost-Sharing Reductions Are Critical to Ensuring Affordable Health Care for Older Adults. by Jane Sung, Olivia ... Cost-sharing subsidies are most important to low-income people with high medical expenses-including older adults with chronic ...

https://www.aarp.org/ppi/info-2017/health-insurance-cost-sharing-reductions-are-critical-to-ensuring-affordable-health-care-for-older-adults.html?intcmp=AE-POL-ADV-FFH-R2-C1

Costs that are Not Acceptable to meet Cost Sharing Commitments. The following costs may not be proposed as Cost Sharing/ ... Cost Sharing. A portion of total sponsored project/program costs not funded by the sponsor. Cost sharing is further classified ... Develop a cost sharing plan and identify the source(s) of funding for all cost sharing commitments and complete the Cost ... When Cost Sharing of any kind is represented in a proposal, upon award that Cost Sharing becomes a commitment that must be met ...

https://www.brown.edu/research/conducting-research-brown/preparing-proposal/proposal-review-submission-osp/cost-sharing-sponsored-projects

Hamilton County Property Assessor Marty Haynes wants to set the record straight about sharing reappraisal costs with the ... Cost-sharing plan could cost local cities more than $700,000. January 24th, 2017 by Paul Leach in Local Regional News ... Haynes cost-sharing plan would put Chattanooga on the hook for $557,152, due June 30. The countys nine other cities would owe ... Haynes said he wanted to assure residents that their property tax bills will not be impacted by the cost-sharing plan. The only ...

http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2017/jan/24/hamiltproperty-assessor-defends-appraisal-cos/409137/

When Doctors And Patients Share In Decisions, Hospital Costs Go Up. by editor ... which pay less than the cost of care, had longer than average stays and higher costs. ... "The result that everyone would have liked, that patients who are more engaged in their care do better and cost less, is not ... "Patients who want to be more involved do not have lower costs. Patients, as consumers, may value elements of care that the ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112857912/when-doctors-and-patients-share-in-decisions-hospital-costs-go-up/

The most common forms of cost sharing are: deductibles (an amount that must be paid before most services are covered by the plan), copayments (fixed dollar amounts), and coinsurance (a percentage of the charge for services). (kff.org)
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires insurers to provide cost-sharing reductions (CSRs) that lower deductibles, co-payments, co-insurance, and out-of-pocket maximums for people eligible for tax credits and with incomes below 250 percent of the federal poverty level. (rwjf.org)
The program was intended to reduce cost sharing (deductibles, copays) for less wealthy people purchasing policies on the Exchanges. (forbes.com)
In an infographic , the groups note that more than 70% of voters, including 68% of conservatives who make less than $50,000 a year, support help with out-of-pocket health care costs, such as deductibles and copays, according to a recent survey. (aha.org)
V-BID seeks to align patients' out-of-pocket costs , meaning their copayments, deductibles, and premium payments, with the value of health services, the center says. (healthjournalism.org)
Payments of Medicare deductibles and other cost-sharing made by state Medicaid programs, private insurance plans, or 'other' public health insurance programs would be reflected as payments by the appropriate program, not as out of pocket. (aarp.org)
Obamacare plans continue to raise costs on patients in the form of higher deductibles, out-of-pocket maximums, and premiums. (heritage.org)
A number of readers were good enough to share their hard-fought experiences with us - many have changed providers, upped deductibles, introduced tiered programs. (plansponsor.com)
Under the ACA, about 6 million low- and moderate-income people enrolled through the marketplaces are eligible for CSRs, which lower their deductibles and other out-of-pocket costs. (cbpp.org)
That means that enrollees entitled to CSRs could still access plans with lower deductibles and other cost sharing, so long as a marketplace plan is available where they live. (cbpp.org)
While drastically cutting the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) premium tax credits, the House Republican health bill also eliminates the other, lesser-known marketplace subsidies - cost-sharing reductions (CSRs) - that reduce deductibles, co-payments, and other out-of-pocket costs for more than 6 million marketplace enrollees. (cbpp.org)
The study results suggest that employers and health plans that are raising deductibles and other types of cost-sharing for all services might be missing opportunities to improve their enrollees' health and achieve savings. (bio-medicine.org)
This "CSR surcharge" was made necessary because of the Trump Administration's refusal to pay already-budgeted cost-sharing reduction payments that help people to afford their deductibles. (health-access.org)

The cost sharing reductions (CSR) subsidy is the smaller of two subsidies paid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) as part of the healthcare system in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
However, the two million persons on the exchanges that do not receive premium tax credit subsidies bear the full cost of premium increases. (wikipedia.org)
Trump announced on October 12, 2017 he would end the smaller of the two types of subsidies under the ACA, the cost sharing reduction (CSR) subsidies. (wikipedia.org)
Over 2 million lower-income older adults ages 50-64 rely upon subsidies known as cost-sharing reductions to help make health care more affordable and accessible. (aarp.org)
Cost-sharing subsidies are most important to low-income people with high medical expenses-including older adults with chronic conditions-who, without the subsidy, would be at risk of unaffordable out-of-pocket cost burdens and medical debt. (aarp.org)
I recognize that I am in the minority when I say this, but I do NOT believe that the markets are going to go hay-wire on account of the decision to cancel the cost-sharing subsidies. (ahtins.com)
Speaking of the CBO report on cancelling the cost-sharing subsidies, back in August - when the CBO report was released - I wrote up my reaction to the agency's conclusions. (ahtins.com)
Ironically, Should Advocates of Increasing the ACA's Premium Subsidies Be Okay With Cancelling the Cost-Sharing Subsidy Payments? (ahtins.com)
The subsidies are expected to cost the federal government about $7 billion in 2017. (wptv.com)
For people with household incomes between 133 percent and 250 percent of the poverty level, the ACA offers cost-sharing subsidies for private plans purchased through the marketplaces. (commonwealthfund.org)
Because this applies only to Silver-tier plans, most of the consumers that see the surcharge will also see an increase in their subsidies, therefore experiencing no change in the cost of their coverage. (health-access.org)

WASHINGTON, Dec. 21, 2016 - The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today announced that starting March 20, 2017, organic producers and handlers will be able to visit over 2,100 USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) offices to apply for federal reimbursement to assist with the cost of receiving and maintaining organic or transitional certification. (usda.gov)
Despite Boost In Social Security, Rising Medicare Part B Costs Leave Seniors In Bind " by Judith Graham, Kaiser Health News (October 5, 2017). (medicareadvocacy.org)
These costs are effective 10/1/2017. (tricare.mil)

How Would Coverage, Federal Spending, and Private Premiums Change if the Federal Government Stopped Reimbursing Insurers for the ACA's Cost-Sharing Reductions? (rwjf.org)
Elimination of federal cost-sharing reductions could increase marketplace spending by 18 percent or increase the uninsured by 9.4 million, depending on insurer response. (rwjf.org)
Perhaps the most serious remaining legal challenges to the Affordable Care Act is the lawsuit brought by the House of Representatives challenging the use of money from the federal treasury to pay for "cost sharing reductions. (forbes.com)
Put another way, if Congress did not appropriate the money and insurers had to absorb the cost of the reductions themselves, the gross premium for policies would need to increase about $450, roughly 10% of the average premium. (forbes.com)
It is crystal clear that Congress never explicitly appropriated money for the cost sharing reductions program in the way that it did for many other parts of Obamacare. (forbes.com)
Over a third (35 percent) of adults receiving cost-sharing reductions are older adults ages 50-64. (aarp.org)
By reducing these barriers, cost-sharing reductions provide critical financial protection for consumers, especially older adults with chronic conditions or significant health care needs. (aarp.org)
With obesity, sugar and alcohol consumption on the rise, but even with lower tobacco usage and Obama cost reductions, we're headed for a cost of healthcare train wreck not yet experienced even at current cost levels and write-offs. (insurancejournal.com)
The chief executive, Don Voelte, unveiled cost-cutting initiatives and capital expenditure reductions that would deliver $75 million improved cash flow this year compared with expectations from a few months ago. (investsmart.com.au)
Consumer advocates denounced as deliberately destructive and destabilizing the decision by the Trump White House to take back $7 billion in funding for already-budgeted cost-sharing reductions in the ACA. (health-access.org)

PARIS-Auto makers Renault SA of France and Nissan Motor Co. of Japan are accelerating efforts to wring costs out of their shared operations, installing a new management structure and increasing their target for cost savings by 2016. (wsj.com)
Our map shows, by state, how much help CSRs provide lower-income people with their out-of-pocket health care costs, based on 2016 HealthCare.gov data. (cbpp.org)

This brief provides details of the benefit and cost-sharing rules that will govern the coverage available under health reform to these newly eligible adults Medicaid beneficiaries, and it identifies key considerations for state policymakers making Medicaid benefit design choices. (kff.org)
The analysis shows median out-of-pocket spending as a share of Medicare beneficiaries' income increased between 1997 and 2005, from 11.9 percent to 16.1 percent. (kff.org)
What Share of Beneficiaries' Total Health Care Costs Does Medicare Pay? (aarp.org)
The extent to which Medicare pays for the costs of beneficiaries' health care is a central issue in health policy. (aarp.org)
To illustrate how Medicare's share varies across different populations, information is presented on expenditures for selected groups of beneficiaries (i.e., those not in institutions and those not in Medicare+Choice plans). (aarp.org)
The data show that, overall, Medicare paid for about half of beneficiaries' total health care costs in 2000. (aarp.org)
Personal health care expenditures include the costs of health care goods and services purchased directly by beneficiaries or paid by a third party on behalf of beneficiaries. (aarp.org)
Compared to those age 65 and older, Medicare beneficiaries under age 65 had a higher share of expenditures paid by Medicaid. (aarp.org)
To improve healthcare price and quality transparency, Mercer recommends Congress require hospitals and health insurers to give cost information to patients and beneficiaries before they receive care. (mercer.com)
The Center for Medicare Advocacy's National Medicare Advocates Alliance provides Medicare advocates with a collaborative network to share resources, best practices, and developments of import to Medicare beneficiaries throughout the country. (medicareadvocacy.org)
When Medicare beneficiaries face higher cost sharing, hospitalizations go up, not down , especially for those with chronic illnesses. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) established a new section 1916A of the Act, which gives states additional flexibility, allowing for alternative premiums and cost sharing, beyond what is allowed under section 1916 of the Act, for somewhat higher income beneficiaries. (pnhp.org)
Such alternative cost sharing may be targeted to specific groups of beneficiaries and payment may be required as a condition of providing services. (pnhp.org)
Under the authority granted under sections 1916(a)(3) and (b)(3) of the Act for the Secretary to define nominal cost sharing, at § 447.52(b) we propose to revise the maximum amount of nominal cost sharing for outpatient services, which may be imposed on beneficiaries with incomes below 100 percent of the FPL. (pnhp.org)

Insurers have enough time before the start of the plan year to incorporate their anticipated CSR costs into a surcharge placed on silver plan premiums. (rwjf.org)
These findings would be even more dramatic if premiums were considered costs of the persons who paid them. (aarp.org)
Medicare Part B, private supplemental insurance, or Medicare+ Choice premiums) are not counted as out-of-pocket costs to the individual who pays them. (aarp.org)
Available solutions, if embraced by policymakers, could reduce such cost sharing with very little impact on premiums. (ajmc.com)
Because I believe the unfunded cost-sharing subsidy liabilities are going to be shifted to the "silver" Exchange plans (in the form of higher premiums), which at the end of the day, means the unfunded cost-sharing liabilities are going to borne by the government, not the consumer. (ahtins.com)
Stopping cost-sharing reduction (CSR) payments to insurers under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), as President Trump has repeatedly threatened, would drive up federal marketplace subsidy costs, raise premiums, cause more insurers to withdraw from the marketplaces, and increase the number of uninsured next year, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) found today. (cbpp.org)
Stopping CSR payments would raise federal budget deficits by $6 billion in 2018 and $194 billion over the next ten years, relative to current law, due to increased costs for the ACA's premium tax credits for low- and moderate-income people to offset their rising premiums (see below). (cbpp.org)
As both CBO and the Kaiser Family Foundation expect, if the CSR payments stop, marketplace insurers would likely cover the upfront cost of providing CSRs by raising their premiums just for silver plans by about one-fifth in 2018. (cbpp.org)
The increased federal costs for premium tax credits (due to higher silver-level premiums) would more than offset the savings from stopping the CSR payments, CBO finds - particularly for people with somewhat higher incomes who either don't qualify for CSRs or receive only modest assistance. (cbpp.org)
Alternative premiums and cost sharing imposed under section 1916A of the Act, cannot exceed five percent of family income. (pnhp.org)

More U.S. employers are using employee cost sharing in their prescription drug programs, according to Buck Consultants' Prescription Drug Benefit Survey , completed in July 2009. (shrm.org)
In an attempt to control costs, many employers and insurers have adopted incentive-based formularies, in which drugs are placed in different tiers. (rand.org)
Coinsurance, in which consumers pay a fixed percentage of a prescription's costs, is attractive to employers because, unlike fixed co-payments per prescription, coinsurance rates keep pace with rising drug costs. (rand.org)
As employers understand that providing effective, available health care is an investment in human capital that will pay off in real dollars by decreasing overall health-related costs, they may want to rethink their approach to measuring and investing in employee health and productivity," said Jack Mahoney, MD, medical director at Pitney Bowes, in an IBI press release. (plansponsor.com)
Mercer's recommendations respond to Alexander's Dec. 11, 2018, letter asking healthcare experts how to curb costs for taxpayers, employers and families. (mercer.com)
Mercer's response focuses on cost-control strategies and other reforms to help employers continue providing health benefits to more than 181 million Americans. (mercer.com)
Over the last decade, employers and other providers of health insurance have shifted more costs onto patients due to a multitude of factors that includes the rising cost of healthcare services. (ajmc.com)
A common discussion with this cost-shifting trend is the steady increase in consumer premium payments, as employee premium contributions have increased 83% since 2006 (compared with a 54% increase for employers over the same period). (ajmc.com)
We put in a 3-tier drug program (generics, preferred brands, and non-preferred brands) to help contain prescription drug costs and we have initiated such programs as spousal/dependent carve out to push dependents to other employers' plans as well as paying for opting out altogether. (plansponsor.com)
GASB 78 narrows the scope of GASB 68 by excluding pensions provided to employees of state or local governmental employers through cost-sharing multiemployer defined benefit pension plans meeting certain criteria. (bkd.com)
In an effort to alleviate their rising health care costs, employers have sought to share more of these expenses with their workers. (commonwealthfund.org)
Study findings will inform policymakers and employers about the personal health and financial implications of imposing higher levels of cost-sharing. (commonwealthfund.org)
1 , 2 On a per-capita basis, this amounts to $7,400 spent per person per year and to employers' costs of more than $9,300 for annual family coverage. (ptcommunity.com)
Priority Health continues to follow the CDC's activities and work with local health departments and the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services to share information with our members and employers. (priorityhealth.com)
If the agencies spread the costs, it could force some of the state's largest employers to consider their own plans of action. (wind-watch.org)

Some inpatient cost shares will change each fiscal year October 1 - September 30 . (tricare.mil)
If this work proceeds satisfactorily, a second phase will be proposed to assess the effect of cost-sharing on emergency room visits, inpatient hospitalization, and mortality. (commonwealthfund.org)
We are not proposing a change but are considering alternatives for the maximum allowable cost sharing related to an inpatient stay because this is a relatively high cost for very low income people and not a service that consumers have the ability to avoid or prevent. (pnhp.org)

After several years of no or very small increases, Social Security benefits will increase by 2.0 percent in 2018 due to the Cost of Living Adjustment. (medicareadvocacy.org)
As a result, the share of the nation's population living in areas with no marketplace insurers would rise to 5 percent in 2018, up from less than 0.5 percent under current law. (cbpp.org)

In addition, Trump directed the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to end the cost-sharing reduction payments (CSRs) to health insurers required under the ACA effective immediately. (healthjournalism.org)
On average, the CSRs reduce people's out-of-pocket costs by roughly $1,100 per person. (cbpp.org)
Insurers design the CSR plans to fit federal standards, and the federal government reimburses each health insurer that provides CSRs for the estimated costs of reducing the amounts that they'd otherwise charge under the standard silver plan. (cbpp.org)
In some states, far higher shares of residents receive CSRs. (cbpp.org)

Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois, the state's largest health insurer, announced Thursday it is waiving cost-sharing for members for treatment of COVID-19. (chicagotribune.com)
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois has joined a growing list of health insurers waiving member costs for treatment of COVID-19. (chicagotribune.com)

Allowable cost sharing expenditures (i.e. (brown.edu)

with decreasing marginal costs, the agents impose a positive externality on each other (see example below). (wikipedia.org)
NSF Program Officers are not authorized to impose or encourage mandatory cost sharing unless such requirements are explicitly included in the program solicitation. (brown.edu)
If higher cost sharing harms sicker patients and doesn't even save money, insurers and public programs then might want to reconsider how they impose it. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Under the statute, states may impose cost sharing at higher than nominal levels for nonexempt individuals with incomes at or above 100 percent of the FPL. (pnhp.org)
Plans are required to offer preventive benefits, and they cannot impose cost-sharing on these benefits (including contraceptive coverage, which has lowered out-of-pocket spending for many newly insured women). (commonwealthfund.org)
In the event the cap was breached, the act would impose across-the-board cuts (proportionate to the share of each spending category's increase), which could be waived only by a two-thirds supermajority vote in both the House and the Senate. (epi.org)

By reducing barriers to high-value treatments (through lower costs to patients) and discouraging low-value treatments (through higher costs to patients), health systems that incorporate the concepts of V-BID can improve patient outcomes," it says. (healthjournalism.org)
Proponents argue that this approach promotes doctor-patient communication, enhances patient satisfaction, improves health outcomes, and even may lower cost. (redorbit.com)
The decision on whether or not to introduce cost sharing arrangements is largely a political one and many factors (e.g. accessibility, equity, clinical outcomes) have to be taken into account, apart from economic results. (igi-global.com)
Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Natl Pharmaceuticals Council , "Cost sharing may have unintended consequences on treatment adherence and health outcomes. (insurancenewsnet.com)
Although the types of interventions, measures, and populations studied varied widely, we were able to identify relatively clear relationships between cost sharing, adherence, and outcomes. (ptcommunity.com)
Increasing patient cost sharing was associated with declines in medication adherence, which in turn was associated with poorer health outcomes. (ptcommunity.com)
A related question, if we assume that cost sharing affects adherence, is whether decreased adherence leads to poorer health outcomes. (ptcommunity.com)

Only ten percent of individuals with clinical SA disorders receive any treatment, and almost half who forgo treatment point to accessibility and cost constraints as barriers to care. (repec.org)
Thus, increasing cost-sharing and reducing financial barriers may aid the at-risk population in obtaining adequate SA treatment. (repec.org)
Legal barriers also limit sharing. (futureofthebook.org)
Barriers that hinder the alignment of care and patient cost sharing exist. (insurancenewsnet.com)

In the Medicare program, increases in cost sharing by a supplemental insurer can exert financial externalities. (harvard.edu)
They warned this could increase health care disparities as empowered and engaged groups, who already are more likely to receive care, gain resources through shared decision making while the national movement toward accountable care organizations increases the pressure for cost reduction. (redorbit.com)
Increases in cost and schedule were caused by continually increasing NRC safety and construction requirements and the resulting underestimation of costs and schedule by Commonwealth Edison,`` the report said. (chicagotribune.com)
If proposed Medicare legislation would decrease prescription drug use (e.g., by increasing cost sharing), it increases its estimate of overall Medicare spending to account for higher hospitalization costs the program would have to finance. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
This defunding of these already-budgeted funds does not save money but increases costs for both consumers and the federal government," said Anthony Wright, the statewide health care consumer advocacy coalition. (health-access.org)

The survey reveals that 76 percent of respondents use employee cost sharing as a utilization management tool, up substantially from 51 percent in 2008. (shrm.org)
Previous research has shown that patient cost-sharing leads to a reduction in overall health resource utilization. (cmaj.ca)
We investigated the effect of prescription drug cost-sharing on overall health care utilization among elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (cmaj.ca)
In a predominantly publicly funded health care system, the implementation of cost-containment policies such as prescription drug cost-sharing may have the unintended effect of increasing overall health utilization among elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (cmaj.ca)
He said commercial trucks cost five times as much to register as farm trucks, but "the utilization of a lot of that bulk equipment is not five times greater than a farmer will get. (producer.com)

Evidence indicates that once cost sharing exceeds $100, adherence to prescribed medications begins to drop off significantly, 4,5 likely due to the trade-off between paying for medical care and the prospect of damaging the family's financial stability. (ajmc.com)
Of the articles that evaluated the relationship between changes in cost sharing and adherence, 85% showed that an increasing patient share of medication costs was significantly associated with a decrease in adherence. (ptcommunity.com)
Of particular interest is the question of whether cost sharing or other cost-containment techniques that shift the financial burden to patients lead to decreased adherence. (ptcommunity.com)
If they do, to what extent are changes in adherence based on the degree of change in cost sharing? (ptcommunity.com)

Plan enrollees receiving services from providers that do not participate in plan networks often face higher cost sharing and may be responsible for charges that exceed the plan's allowable amounts. (kff.org)
If F&A on cost share is an allowable expense per sponsor terms and conditions, then all cost share, except third party, is assessed F&A as appropriate for the activity to accurately reflect the institutional contribution. (umt.edu)
To simplify the rules, we propose to remove the state payment as the basis for the cost sharing charge and replace it with a flat $4 maximum allowable charge for outpatient services. (pnhp.org)

Forestry cost share programs under the Tennessee Agricultural Enhancement Program (TAEP) and Southern Pine Beetle Initiative (SPBI) were developed to promote long term investments in Tennessee's forests by providing cost share incentives to qualifying landowners and forest industry. (tn.us)
OCCSP provides cost share assistance to producers and handlers of agricultural products who are obtaining or renewing their certification under the National Organic Program (NOP). (usda.gov)
Certified operations may receive up to 75 percent of their certification costs paid during the program year, not to exceed $750 per certification scope. (usda.gov)
To understand the importance of the House's challenge, one needs to understand the cost sharing reduction program found in section 1402 of the ACA ( 42 U.S.C. § 18071 ). (forbes.com)
But the cost sharing reduction program changes this. (forbes.com)
Even those earning 250% of federal poverty level get a little boost from the cost sharing reduction program: they get a policy that may have "Silver" printed on it but that in fact has been modified to provide 27% average cost sharing rather than 30% average cost sharing. (forbes.com)
Well over half of Obamacare purchasers ( about 57% in 2015 ) get at least some form of cost sharing reduction through this program. (forbes.com)
Moreover, here there is no doubt but that Congress decided, at least after the ACA was enacted, to refuse to pay for the cost sharing reduction program. (forbes.com)
The Wabash River Enhancement Corporation continues to accept applications for our cost-share program. (verticalresponse.com)
This cost-share program will provide up to 75% of the total cost for urban and agricultural projects focused on improving water quality in the Region of the Great Bend of the Wabash River wateshed. (verticalresponse.com)
Learn more about our cost-share program online at www.wabashriver.net/costshare . (verticalresponse.com)
Eight organizations, including the AHA, today urged Congress to fund the cost-sharing reduction program for certain individuals purchasing health coverage through the Health Insurance Marketplaces. (aha.org)
Watch as Lory Willard explains how residents and businesses can participate in the City of Raleigh's Stormwater Quality Cost Share Program, which offers funding for installing affordable and sustainable stormwater management options that reduce pollution to Raleigh's streams and lakes. (raleighnc.gov)
Criteria for considering voluntary committed cost sharing and any other program policy factors may be used to determine who may receive a Federal award must be explicitly described in the notice of funding opportunity. (brown.edu)
For other funding agencies, voluntary Cost Sharing commitments must be supported by a well justified plan that aligns with the goals of the research or education program and clearly demonstrates the value added by the voluntary cost share commitment. (brown.edu)
USDA reimburses organic producers up to 75 percent of the cost of organic certification, but only about half of the nation's organic operations currently participate in the program," said FSA Administrator Val Dolcini. (usda.gov)
USDA is making changes to increase participation in the National Organic Certification Cost Share Program (NOCCSP) and the Agricultural Management Assistance Organic Certification Cost Share Program, and at the same time provide more opportunities for organic producers to access other USDA programs, such as disaster protection and loans for farms, facilities and marketing. (usda.gov)
Shares of the company, whose board also authorized an additional $3 billion share buyback program, were up 2.5% at $55.50 in extended trading on Tuesday. (businessinsurance.com)
Click here for funding available in each Cost Share Program. (cpnrd.org)
The conventional model for the use of cost effectiveness analysis for health programs involves determining whether the cost per unit of effectiveness of the program is better than some socially determined maximum acceptable cost per unit of effectiveness. (pnhp.org)
A common view that cost sharing should vary inversely with program cost effectiveness is shown to be incorrect. (pnhp.org)
The council Tuesday approved a cost-sharing agreement on the program. (vaildaily.com)
Members of the Granby Municipal Employees Association and the Granby Police Union who sign up for the preferred provider organization program before July 1 would pay 7.5 percent toward the cost of their health benefits. (courant.com)
Grant funding is provided by USDA's National Organic Certification Cost-Share Program. (oeffa.org)
For more information on cost-share program guidelines or to apply, visit http://certification.oeffa.org/costshare or call OEFFA directly at (614) 262-2022. (oeffa.org)
DOWNERS GROVE - The Downers Grove Village Council voted unanimously Tuesday to expand the cost-share program to help churches make capital improvements that would reduce their stormwater fees. (mysuburbanlife.com)
Barnett made similar comments in discussion last month, saying he believes churches should be exempt from the fee and that he was conflicted about making the cost-share program only available to faith organizations and not all nonprofits. (mysuburbanlife.com)
But he said the expanded cost-share program will allow churches to minimize the impact of the fee, and also "advance the goals of the stormwater program, which is to, of course, improve stormwater generally through projects that wouldn't otherwise happen. (mysuburbanlife.com)
Village staff and council members proposed expanding the cost-share program following months of lobbying by local faith leaders who say the new stormwater fee is an unfair burden on nonprofits. (mysuburbanlife.com)
The expanded portion of the cost-share program is only available for faith-based not-for-profits. (mysuburbanlife.com)
The program will reimburse up to 75 percent of the project cost to the property owner, with a maximum of $5,000 for design and $20,000 for construction. (mysuburbanlife.com)
Using a fully integrated mixed-method design, qualitative and quantitative data will be collected to evaluate a research program in which community members in four distinctive communities (3 EJ, 1 non-EJ) operate low-cost air sensors to collaborate and develop a shared understanding of their exposure environment. (epa.gov)
Additional results include a lasting coalition of communities with an in-depth understanding of their shared environment and capacity to continue working towards improved air quality, as well as a community-based air monitoring program manual that other communities can use. (epa.gov)

Although the uninsured had slightly shorter stays and lower hospitalization costs, patients with public insurance such as Medicare or Medicaid, which pay less than the cost of care, had longer than average stays and higher costs. (redorbit.com)
The state's second largest health insurer, UnitedHealthcare, announced Tuesday it was waiving patient out-of-pocket costs for COVID-19 treatment through May 31, covering it for all fully-insured commercial, Medicare Advantage and Medicaid plans. (chicagotribune.com)
While Medicaid unambiguously reduces out-of-pocket premium and medical costs for low-income people, it is less certain that marketplace coverage and other types of insurance purchased to comply with the law's individual mandate also protect from high health spending. (commonwealthfund.org)
Since 2014, when the Affordable Care Act's health insurance marketplaces opened and states were able to expand Medicaid eligibility under the law, the rate of growth in out-of-pocket spending has slowed and the share of Americans reporting medical bill problems and cost-related delays has declined. (commonwealthfund.org)
That is likely because Medicaid requires no cost-sharing or premium payments for individuals with household incomes below 133 percent of the federal poverty level. (commonwealthfund.org)
This means that all of the company's nearly one million members across Commercial, Individual, Medicaid and Medicare plans can get the testing and treatment they need for COVID-19 with no out-of-pocket health insurance costs. (priorityhealth.com)

He also discussed the possibility of implementing dynamic benefit design, such as different OOP costs for the same drug based on its benefit for the patient's specific condition. (ajmc.com)
This study identified 5 guiding principles to determine when it was more (or less) acceptable for patients with the same or similar conditions to have different OOP costs. (insurancenewsnet.com)

Starting March 20, USDA will provide a uniform, streamlined process for organic producers and handlers to apply for organic cost share assistance either by mail or in person at USDA offices located in almost every rural county in the country. (usda.gov)
Historically, many state departments of agriculture have obtained grants to disburse reimbursements to those producers and handlers qualifying for cost share assistance. (usda.gov)
Once certified, producers and handlers are eligible to receive reimbursement for up to 75 percent of certification costs each year up to a maximum of $750 per certification scope-crops, livestock, wild crops and handling. (usda.gov)
Approximately $11.5 million is available nationwide for organic certification cost-share assistance, making certification more accessible for certified producers and handlers. (oeffa.org)

Look, I am by no means applauding the decision to cancel the cost-sharing subsidy payments. (ahtins.com)
The second piece of evidence comes from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and CBO's report analyzing the impact of a decision to cancel the cost-sharing subsidy payments. (ahtins.com)
What I find most interesting about the CBO report is this: If you have been an advocate of increasing the premium subsidy amounts so as to help low- and middle-income people better afford health insurance, cancelling the cost-sharing subsidy payments actually HELPS these consumers. (ahtins.com)
As a result, CBO expects that overall federal marketplace subsidy costs would grow significantly over both the short and long term, raising federal deficits. (cbpp.org)

The savings from increased cost sharing accrue mostly to the supplemental insurer, while the costs of increased hospitalization accrue mostly to Medicare. (harvard.edu)
Although Medicare provides important coverage for hospital, physician, and other services, its cost-sharing requirements are sometimes substantial. (aarp.org)
A 2010 study by the Harvard economist Amitabh Chandra and colleagues found that when cost sharing for physician visits and prescription drugs goes up, so does overall Medicare spending. (theincidentaleconomist.com)

Results highlighted the economic viability of the introduction of a cost sharing mechanism in Outpatient Departments of NHS Hospitals, as an annual economic benefit of €11.5 mil was reported. (igi-global.com)

Most Obamacare Plans' Cost Sharing Is Too High to Be HSA-Compatible. (heritage.org)

Thursday night, as the Nationals were choking in Game 5, President Trump announced that the Administration would stop making the cost-sharing reduction payments to those insurance carriers who are still selling health plans through the ACA Exchanges. (ahtins.com)

According to news reporting originating from Washington , District of Columbia , by VerticalNews correspondents, research stated, "Tiered formularies, in which patients pay copays or coinsurance out-of-pocket (OOP), are used to manage costs and encourage more efficient health care resource use. (insurancenewsnet.com)
After 2003, additional copays may apply if the cost of care in a private hospital is higher than public reimbursement. (biomedcentral.com)

This year, plan sponsors are clearly focused on controlling costs in response to budget cuts," says Michael Jacobs, a principal and national clinical practice leader at Buck Consultants. (shrm.org)
TAEP cost share is available for sign-up year-round, while SPBI sign-up period is between May 1 to May 31. (tn.us)
The maximum cost share for all TAEP practices is up to $15,000 per participant per year. (tn.us)
The maximum cost share for all SPBI practices is up to $15,000 per participant per year. (tn.us)
Net income in the fourth quarter was $416 million, or 91 cents per share -- up from $384 million, or 85 cents per share, a year earlier. (ibtimes.com)
In Germany, renewable energy support costs have risen this year to 20.4 billion euros from 1.9 billion euros a decade ago, energy association BDEW said, but industry, which uses most of the energy, doesn't shoulder its fair share of those costs. (yahoo.com)
Reuters) - American Express Co ( AXP.N ) warned of higher operating costs this year as the credit card issuer spends heavily on rewards programs to attract customers in an increasingly crowded market, sending its shares down 2.5% on Friday. (reuters.com)
The district's plan for building repairs alone could cost an average taxpayer $45 a year over 15 years, according to estimates in a draft survey. (gazettextra.com)
Costs for potential work could be spread out over 15 years at a cost of about $45 a year for a taxpayer with a $100,000 home, according to district estimates. (gazettextra.com)
According to Haynes' analysis, only 60 percent of the total reappraisal cost occurs in the fourth year. (timesfreepress.com)
The second-highest four-year total costs amount to $93,272 and $67,786 for East Ridge and Soddy-Daisy, respectively. (timesfreepress.com)
If 30 percent of those patients chose to share decision making rather than delegate that role to their doctors, it would mean $8.7 billion of additional costs per year, according to the study. (redorbit.com)
I have seen my share of health care increase every year since I've had an employer based plan. (insurancejournal.com)
The company's net income rose to $1.91 billion, or $1.68 per share, for the second quarter ended June 30, from $1.80 billion, or $1.32 per share, a year earlier. (businessinsurance.com)
In order to keep my costs down for the next year, I've increased my stop loss by $10,000 per covered individual. (plansponsor.com)
The ACA requires the federal government to reimburse insurers for the cost, which CBO estimates at about $7 billion a year. (cbpp.org)
For example, with an anti-obesity drug, to track and trial that drug over a year "would be a tremendous cost. (vator.tv)
Indeed, Christina Warren, writing for Mashable , predicted that if current trends continue, Bing will hold a greater share of the US search market that Google within a year. (seochat.com)
Nearly 6 million enrollees, or 57%, qualify for the cost-sharing payments this year, according to the most recent data from the Department of Health and Human Services. (wptv.com)
It will not prevent a fall in earnings for the half year to December 31 with the company expecting earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) of $250 million - less several million dollars in one-off restructuring costs - compared to $309.7 million for the prior first half. (investsmart.com.au)
Have you done your ACA affordability cost-share homework for the 2021 health plan year? (bricker.com)

TAEP Best Management Practices Cost Share is an incentive for timber harvesting or wood using industries to avoid or minimize negative environmental and water quality impacts, resulting from timber harvesting. (tn.us)
Landowners in our target area are eligible for assistance of up to 75% of the cost of design and installation of specific green practices. (verticalresponse.com)
This new research by Best Practices has uncovered how the most effective HR Shared Service organizations are structured, organized, and how companies surveyed measure process-level efficiencies. (best-in-class.com)

Sometimes cost sharing forms are mixed, such as assessing coinsurance for a service up to a maximum amount, or assessing coinsurance or copayment for a service, whichever is higher. (kff.org)
Insurance for prescription drugs is characterized by two types of cost-sharing: flat copayments and variable coinsurance. (nber.org)
Similarly, under copayments, moving from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile of cost sharing results in a significantly lower shift into the non-compliance state compared with coinsurance. (nber.org)
They definitely imply that there is no simple but correct way to move from findings of a typical cost effectiveness study to saying what the coinsurance rate should be for a non-poor population. (pnhp.org)
They also imply that the cost effectiveness of a treatment cannot be properly determined unless coinsurance is set at the optimal level. (pnhp.org)

These payments are supposed to roughly make them whole for the extra cost sharing the insurers assume. (forbes.com)
An £870,000 IT project to share driver data between the DVLA and motor insurers is floundering over who will bear the costs, according to MPs. (zdnet.com)
The project, which cost £870,000 between 2009 and August 2011, has run up against the buffers of cost negotiations between the government and insurers , roads minister Michael Penning told the House of Commons on Thursday . (zdnet.com)
Some 18 months ago I made a speech to the insurers and said, 'We will give you this [data-sharing] facility. (zdnet.com)
The Association of British Insurers (ABI), which is the main insurer's body dealing with the government over the IADD project, said the project was ongoing, but had encountered difficulties over who would bear costs. (zdnet.com)
Under the ACA, as we've explained , insurers are entitled to these CSR payments, just as eligible people are entitled to the lower cost-sharing charges they provide. (cbpp.org)
Last month, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois was among a number of health insurers to announce they would waive COVID-19 testing costs. (chicagotribune.com)
Health insurers Cigna and Humana previously announced they would waive cost-sharing for COVID-19 treatments. (chicagotribune.com)

Any major IT project is a major piece of work with major cost implications. (zdnet.com)
These results have implications for the effectiveness of the 2008 Federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act in increasing SA treatment admissions and promoting cost-sharing. (repec.org)
Cost sharing commitments must be considered carefully as they have broad implications for the University. (brown.edu)

For individuals with family income above 150 percent of the FPL, per section 1916A(c) of the Act, cost sharing for non-preferred drugs may not exceed 20 percent of the cost the agency pays for the drug. (pnhp.org)

To learn more about organic certification cost share, please visit www.fsa.usda.gov/organic or contact a local FSA office by visiting http://offices.usda.gov . (usda.gov)

Malaysian Transport Minister Liow Tiong Lai told a news conference in Canberra that the two countries would evenly split the costs of the new search phase, estimated at up to A$52 million ($48.65 million). (reuters.com)
So it is important here that we would like to thank Australia for leading this search and we have so far committed and spent about A$15 million and we are also going to match the Australians in the tender cost for the search," he said. (reuters.com)
Microsoft's search engine gained only a small increase in market share. (seochat.com)
Microsoft attributed the cost increase to the Yahoo search agreement and increasingly expensive traffic acquisition - which Blodget noted was only two different ways of saying the same thing. (seochat.com)
If you haven't heard it, the software giant claims that it's sending what appears to be good money after bad to buy search share because once they've gained a large enough number of queries, their keyword prices for their advertising will rise to profitable levels and they'll stop losing money. (seochat.com)
When you put Yahoo's and Bing's shares of the US search market together, you get 30 percent. (seochat.com)

If Spraddle Creek Road requires work to handle logging trucks, the cost is estimated at between $20,000 and $25,000 per mile. (vaildaily.com)

While the cost of prescription drug coverage varies widely, 30 percent, or the largest group of respondents, said pharmacy benefits represent between 11 percent and 15 percent of total health care costs," says Jacobs. (shrm.org)
According to survey respondents, the most important clinical management steps they are taking to control pharmacy benefit costs are broader based than prescription drug coverage. (shrm.org)
Mercer suggests Congress build on this success by modernizing HSA standards - for example, to allow predeductible care delivery through cost-effective options like worksite clinics and telemedicine and to create HSA-qualifying HDHP safe-harbor plan designs that allow predeductible coverage of drugs and services for people with chronic conditions. (mercer.com)
We opted for a PPO for the health and prescription, which is a higher cost but better coverage. (plansponsor.com)
In fact, CBO eventually expects a greater share of people in that income range (between 200 and 400 percent of the federal poverty line) to buy marketplace coverage than under current law, due to the larger premium credits, which would then reduce the number of uninsured over time. (cbpp.org)
This paper examines the unanswered question of how cost effectiveness analysis should be performed and interpreted when insurance coverage can involve non-negligible cost sharing. (pnhp.org)
it is possible that some programs that would fail the social test at both zero coverage and full coverage will be acceptable with positive cost sharing. (pnhp.org)
So I first outline the simple and correct application of a decision rule to treatment choices based on cost effectiveness in the "binary coverage" setting, when insurance either covers 100 percent of the cost of a given type of care or leaves it entirely uncovered, and the extra welfarist approach is taken. (pnhp.org)
1 About 53 percent of Americans without health coverage have trouble paying their medical bills, while another 20 percent of those with coverage also struggle to meet health costs. (commonwealthfund.org)
For example, patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be required to fail low-cost generic treatments before obtaining coverage for a higher-tier tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor for which they would have a larger financial burden. (insurancenewsnet.com)

Yet, because of the high cost sharing associated with their medications, Fletcher and Jody have faced profound difficulty accessing the treatments prescribed for them. (ajmc.com)
This trend is especially troubling for patients living with a blood cancer diagnosis, since available treatments typically consist of high-priced specialty drugs and other cost-intensive healthcare services. (ajmc.com)
His organization helps patients navigate their high out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and provides financial assistance that allows 90% of recipients to initiate or stay on their cancer treatments. (ajmc.com)
HealthLat ( www.healthlat.com ) has introduced a patent-pending service where individuals who have undergone medical treatments make significant earnings by sharing experiences with others seeking first-hand personalized information. (webwire.com)
Americans always want the most up-to-date information about treatments - preferably from reliable and comparable sources who have already tried it, says Johnson Chen, a founder of HealthLat and previously a senior in the health care sector of Deloitte Consulting, We re meeting their needs and putting money back in the pocket of those willing to share. (webwire.com)
Little is known about stakeholders' views on the acceptability of greater patient cost sharing if the individual patient characteristics lead to the higher-cost treatments. (insurancenewsnet.com)
Five guiding principles emerged from the discussion: When patients have tried lower-cost therapies unsuccessfully, the benefits of higher-cost treatments were certain and significant, the cost difference between treatments was aligned with improved benefits, and penalties due to bad luck were mitigated, then cost-sharing differences should be minimized but not eliminated. (insurancenewsnet.com)
According to the authors, the findings are significant because this is one of the first studies to find success in value-based insurance design, which is intended to promote the use of services or treatments that provide high benefits relative to cost and, alternatively, to discourage the use of services whose benefits do not justify their cost. (bio-medicine.org)

These generally sell for considerably more than Silver policy, in part precisely because the insurer pays for 80% of costs on average rather than the Silver 70% and in part because of "induced demand": people who buy Gold policies tend to have higher medical expenses than people who buy Silver. (forbes.com)
Patients who preferred not to delegate decisions to their doctors-those who wanted to work with their caregivers to reach decisions-spent about 5 percent more time in the hospital and incurred about 6 percent higher costs. (redorbit.com)
Congress specified that for a plan to be HSA-compatible, it must have a deductible that is no lower than the minimum set in law, and a limit on total out-of-pocket costs that is no higher than the maximum set in law. (heritage.org)
When patients face higher cost sharing for prescription drugs, they tend to cut back on them. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
A 2012 study showed that higher cost sharing reduces spending on physician visits and drugs, but can increase hospital spending . (theincidentaleconomist.com)
In response to this higher cost sharing, hospital spending grew substantially for the sickest patients. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
However, these enrollees are exposed to substantial out-of-pocket cost risk with little evidence that this risk exposure will incentivize higher-value health care decisions, meaning they are essentially playing the game blindfolded with one hand tied behind their back. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Use of higher-cost, higher-tier medications can be due to a variety of factors, including unsuccessful treatment because of lack of efficacy or side effects, patient clinical or genetic characteristics, patient preferences to avoid potential side effects, or patient preferences based on the route of administration. (insurancenewsnet.com)
Panelists felt it was least acceptable for patients to have greater OOP costs if the use of the higher-cost treatment was due to biological reasons such as step therapy (6 = unacceptable, 9 = neutral, 2 = acceptable) or diagnostic results (5 = unacceptable, 10 = neutral, and 2 = acceptable). (insurancenewsnet.com)
If these tools are implemented effectively, they can decrease costs by reducing the moral hazard of health insurance and by causing patients to realize the true cost of medications through their higher out-of-pocket expenses. (ptcommunity.com)

Most broadly, the costs of fireproofing rural California shouldn't be pinned on the residents alone. (sfgate.com)
We study a policy change that raised patient cost sharing for the supplemental insurer for retired public employees in California. (harvard.edu)
While other States have yet to publicly announce how they are going to make their insurance carriers deal with the unfunded cost-sharing liabilities, there is ample evidence that most if not all States will choose to require their carriers to add a surcharge to "silver" Exchange plans ONLY, just like California did. (ahtins.com)

but today there is no loyalty to the employee and the employee has little loyalty for an employer who's share of the pie is so starkly different from what employees get. (insurancejournal.com)
Many state and local governments prohibit employees from using shared services like Airbnb for official travel, even though it often means they end up paying more. (govtech.com)
Our employees were paying $5.00/week for health/prescription/dental but we could no longer absorb the increasing costs. (plansponsor.com)
Employees are paying 20% of the cost that runs through a cafeteria plan. (plansponsor.com)
This method of organizing work works extremely well in controlling labor costs, since the company doesn't have employees and only owes drivers or workers money after they have performed a profitable service. (aspeninstitute.org)
To assess the impact of changes in employee cost-sharing on the use, cost, and quality of preventive and therapeutic care, the project investigators will examine medical claims and personnel data at two or three St. Louis firms for up to 70,000 employees and dependents. (commonwealthfund.org)
The high-cost burden means we have less to invest in wages, benefits, and in growing our businesses - and our employees have less to spend on housing, education, and other priorities for their families. (wisconsinrapidstribune.com)
GRANBY - Town employees are being asked to voluntarily join a health plan that would require them to pay a portion of their health benefit costs. (courant.com)
60% of the companies surveyed deliver HR services to employees via shared service organizational models. (best-in-class.com)

In economics and mechanism design, a cost-sharing mechanism is a process by which several agents decide on the scope of a public product or service, and how much each agent should pay for it. (wikipedia.org)
The goal of a cost-sharing mechanism is to divide this externality among the agents. (wikipedia.org)
The mission of this paper is to investigate the economic viability and the workload imposed on nurses of the introduction of a cost sharing mechanism (€5/visit) in public primary health care units. (igi-global.com)
Bluewater's project is a cost-effective mechanism that takes control of Delaware's energy needs and provides a price hedge against the unpredictable and volatile movement of the PJM market," the staff wrote in the report. (wind-watch.org)

Accordingly, the University provides only the minimum amount of cost sharing necessary to meet sponsors' requirements and discourages voluntary committed cost sharing. (brown.edu)
UM strongly discourages cost sharing unless required. (umt.edu)

Watson explained that "when the burden of cost sharing falls too heavily on the patient," it forces them to make "impossible decisions" between their financial health and their physical health. (ajmc.com)
Jonas A. de Souza, MD, MBA, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Chicago, concurred that benefits must be redesigned to alleviate the out-of-pocket cost burden on patients. (ajmc.com)
I would argue that sharing energizes and shapes a community, whether we share ideas, the burden, or credit. (futureofthebook.org)
If this assumption is met and if the links between uninterrupted medication use and future disease burden and costs are established, a greater value should be attained in the pharmacy benefit, along with, perhaps, a positive return on investment-particularly in conditions for which pharmaceuticals play a crucial role in effective disease management. (ptcommunity.com)

Forest industry practitioners, such as loggers and sawmill owners, are eligible to receive a 50% cost share reimbursement for funds spent. (tn.us)
Participants may receive 75 to 90 percent reimbursement for their project based on available funding and project cost. (raleighnc.gov)
Brown's objective is to maximize sponsor cost reimbursement to support the continued growth of the research enterprise. (brown.edu)
Application fees, inspection costs, fees related to equivalency agreement/ arrangement requirements, travel/per diem for inspectors, user fees, sales assessments and postage are all eligible for a cost share reimbursement from USDA. (usda.gov)

Risk-sharing networks and insurance against illness ," CSAE Working Paper Series 2002-16, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford. (repec.org)

3 Placing a drug in a specialty tier allows the plan to charge patients a percentage of a drug's list price rather than a fixed dollar amount and simultaneously prevents a patient from accessing Medicare's cost-sharing appeals process. (ajmc.com)

Sam Xanders, a spokesman for the ICC staff, said its concern is to estimate how much of the expense caused by Byron cost overruns and delays should be borne by Edison customers and how much should be taken on by shareholders. (chicagotribune.com)
Of specific concern to blood cancer patients are benefit designs that increase the portion of drug costs borne by consumers. (ajmc.com)
But Sinclair Harrison, president of the Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities, said it doesn't matter who pays the fine, because the cost isn't borne by the trucker. (producer.com)

Trump's executive order would give Americans the option of buying lower-cost health insurance, but also could usher back the bare-bones insurance options that the Affordable Care Act was designed to eliminate. (healthjournalism.org)
The Affordable Care Act has rightfully focused attention on innovations like these designed to improve health and reduce the rate of growth in medical costs over time. (bio-medicine.org)

Under the federal Uniform Guidance of 2014, it states: "Under Federal research proposals, voluntary committed cost sharing is not expected. (brown.edu)
The National Science Foundation (NSF) directly instructs proposers that "Unless required by NSF inclusion of voluntary committed cost sharing is prohibited and Line M on the proposal budget will not be available for use by the proposer. (brown.edu)
Voluntary Committed: The Uniform Guidance states that voluntary committed cost sharing is not expected for federal research proposals ( 2 CFR 200.306 ) and cannot be used as a factor during the merit review of applications or proposals. (umt.edu)
Note: If full F&A is allowed by the sponsor and the PI receives permission to waive recovery , the amount unrecovered becomes voluntary committed cost share. (umt.edu)

The most common target cost-sharing range is 11 percent to 20 percent of claim costs (used by 39 percent of respondents). (shrm.org)
This is down from last year's survey, when the largest group indicated their drug benefits made up between 16 percent and 20 percent of total health care costs. (shrm.org)
While 73 percent of respondents cited are taking advantage of low-cost generic pricing offered by retail pharmacy chains as a high priority, only 26 percent require their mail service provider to match these low-cost retail generic prices. (shrm.org)
The cost share amount is based on 50 percent of the participant's eligible cost, not to exceed the maximum per unit. (tn.us)
The cost share amount is based on 50 percent of the participant's documented cost. (tn.us)
Amazon.com forecast lower margins than some investors hoped for, reflecting the costs of its growth strategy, and shares of the world's largest online retailer plunged 8.5 percent. (ibtimes.com)
Amazon shares traded at $168.75, down 8.5 percent, following the earnings report, after rising more than 5 percent to end at $184.45 on Nasdaq Thursday. (ibtimes.com)
RWE npower, the British unit of German utility RWE (GER:RWE), said it expected the share of commodity prices as a component of energy bills to drop to 35 percent in 2020, down from 50 percent three years ago. (yahoo.com)
Danish households, for example, pay Europe's highest electricity bills at around 31 euro cents per kilowatt-hour because more than half of the cost, or 55 percent, is made up of taxes, according to a report into energy bills by VaasaETT energy research group. (yahoo.com)
German households use only 26 percent but bear 36 percent of this cost, or 7.4 billion euros. (yahoo.com)
Over the same period of time, Google's share of the same market went from 65.7 percent to 65.4 percent, while Ask's share dropped from 3.1 percent to an even 3 percent. (seochat.com)
Current rules permit cost sharing for institutional care, up to 50 percent of the cost for the first day of care, for individuals with incomes below 100 percent of the FPL. (pnhp.org)
Section 1916A provides that states may establish cost sharing for nonexempt services, other than drugs and ED services, up to 10 percent of the cost paid by the state for such services, for individuals with incomes between 100 and 150 percent of the FPL. (pnhp.org)
To provide additional flexibility to states, and to further encourage the use of preferred drugs, we are proposing to define nominal for this purpose so as to allow cost sharing of up to $8 for non-preferred drugs for individuals with income equal to or less than 150 percent of the FPL or who are otherwise exempt from cost sharing. (pnhp.org)
Payments will be up to 75 percent of an individual producer's certification costs, with a maximum of $750 per certification scope (crops, livestock, handling, wildcrops). (oeffa.org)
The applicant's 25 percent share could include in-kind donations of labor, materials and services, according to village staff. (mysuburbanlife.com)

Cost sharing may also vary by the type of service, such as office visits, hospitalizations, or prescription drugs. (kff.org)
Cost sharing could be reduced specifically for drugs and visits meant to address chronic conditions. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Many plans sold in the marketplaces also offer a small number of primary care visits without cost-sharing. (commonwealthfund.org)

So if there are three agents whose demands are 3 and 6 and 10, then the total cost is $100. (wikipedia.org)
where D is the total demand: D := ∑ i Demand ( i ) {\displaystyle D:=\sum _{i}{\text{Demand}}(i)} Several cost-sharing solutions have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
Develop should-cost models to learn about total supply chain costs, supplier economics and cost-reduction opportunities. (gartner.com)
So if you split that halfway, each family is looking at a total cost of around $8/hour. (wisebread.com)
The district and the board still have not determined what items the referendum could include or what its total cost could be. (gazettextra.com)
Total costs fell to $2.59 billion from $3.09 billion. (businessinsurance.com)
When an award budget incorporates voluntary cost share into total project costs, it becomes a binding commitment and the institution must include it in financial reporting to the sponsor. (umt.edu)
Under the new pricing, two lines will cost a total of $90 per month ($40 for 2GB bucket plus $25 access charge for each device). (phonescoop.com)

When developing budgets which include committed cost sharing, every effort should be made to list expenses the University already covers, such as faculty salary or tuition, as the cost shared items. (brown.edu)
The probability of incurring high out-of-pocket costs and premium expenses declined as marketplace enrollment increased. (commonwealthfund.org)
For women who do decide to get pregnant without a partner in the picture, how much does the whole process cost - before all the usual expenses of a baby kick in? (mamamia.com.au)

In benefit packages that include mandatory generic substitution, members who choose brand drugs over their generic equivalents generally must pay the generic co-payment plus the full difference in cost between the brand and generic drugs. (rand.org)
In these cases, the University follows its long-standing practice of meeting published mandatory cost sharing requirements for targeted programs. (brown.edu)

Do increased patient cost sharing and formulary restrictions reduce pharmaceutical use and costs? (rand.org)
Formulary tiers are typically based on the cost of treatment rather than the medical appropriateness for the patient. (insurancenewsnet.com)

Badly-behaved bosses are a nightmare if you're the unfortunate employee who has to work for them - but they're also bad news for shareholders, as their rock'n'rolling activities can end up costing millions. (cityam.com)

Non-grandfathered health plans are required to cover some services, such as preventive care, without cost sharing. (kff.org)
When applied indiscriminately, cost sharing can hurt the sicker patients by prompting them to delay or avoid the preventive care they need. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Charging sicker patients the same as healthy ones for the drugs and preventive care they need ultimately costs more. (theincidentaleconomist.com)

Even so, consumers will continue to bear the bulk of the costs of replacing ageing power networks and kickstarting renewable energy projects. (yahoo.com)
These initiatives are all important, but consumers need to be aware that delivering them is causing energy costs to increase and will continue to do so for some time. (yahoo.com)
Focusing closely on costs leads health systems to use a one-size-fits-all approach to cost sharing, and requiring consumers to pay more for needed services may have a perverse effect of becoming a barrier to care, he explains. (healthjournalism.org)
Conversely, VBID encourages a more clinically nuanced approach to financial incentives that involves setting consumers' out-of-pocket costs for health care services and medications to motivate patients to do what research proves will help keep them healthy. (healthjournalism.org)
Mercer notes that much of today's healthcare data doesn't help consumers make cost-effective decisions for quality care. (mercer.com)
Consumers effectively get a discount on the cost of their medical care whenever they can avoid paying tax on the money used to purchase that care. (heritage.org)
The company is devoted to bringing consumers the full spectrum of information they need to make educated medical decisions as well as lowering their healthcare costs. (webwire.com)

As US healthcare costs sharply rise, Mercer is suggesting steps to ease the problem in a March 1 letter to Sen. Lamar Alexander, R-TN, chairman of the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee. (mercer.com)
Madison, WI October 09, 2007 Healthcare costs for patients can go down. (webwire.com)

These include care management, disease management and low-cost generic pricing programs offered by retail pharmacy chains. (shrm.org)
In a nanny share, instead of being in a day care with a bunch of other babies, you'll have one person splitting his or her attention between two babies. (wisebread.com)
Covering health care requires writing about the cost of care. (healthjournalism.org)
After all, cost control is one of the primary concerns behind health care reform. (healthjournalism.org)
For people with modest incomes, high cost-sharing can present an enormous barrier to accessing necessary medical care. (aarp.org)
The result that everyone would have liked, that patients who are more engaged in their care do better and cost less, is not what we found in this setting," said study author David Meltzer, MD, PhD, associate professor of medicine, economics and public policy at the University of Chicago. (redorbit.com)
They found that provider incentives were not the only predictors of care costs. (redorbit.com)
Several aspects of 'HEALTH CARE SPPECIFICCS' will resolve many of the problems of ACA once the Republicans control a larger share of the US Senate, at whatever time that may occur. (insurancejournal.com)
Panelists from diverse vantage points in the cancer care landscape discussed the effects of cost sharing on patients in a discussion at the 5th annual Patient-Centered Oncology CareÂ® meeting. (ajmc.com)
He compared cancer care to an iceberg, with financial issues like cost sharing being at the tip. (ajmc.com)
The idea that cost sharing could be used as both a tool and a barrier was reinforced by de Souza, who suggested providing incentives to patients for preventive services or palliative care while also discouraging low-value care. (ajmc.com)
In that case, a lot of the legwork and decisions about value-based care need to be made behind the scenes," she said, so that when patients are presented with their options, they are not making decisions based on cost. (ajmc.com)
The growth in health care spending is slowing down, and one reason might be that cost sharing is rising. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Hidden in the numbers is the fact that increasing cost sharing for patients with chronic illnesses can backfire, causing their health care spending to go up, not down. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
If reduced cost sharing is targeted at the preventive and maintenance care and the medications that patients with chronic illnesses need, value-based insurance could save money. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Cost Shares for Care in the U.S. (tricare.mil)
You'll pay a cost share based on the type of care provider you see (network vs. non-network). (tricare.mil)
Note: You may have separate costs for additional services when receiving home health care. (tricare.mil)
Increased cost sharing does NOT make better health care shoppers. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
The rapid growth of high-deductible health plans (HDHP) has been driven in part owing to a belief that cost-sharing obligations (ie, having skin in the game ) will encourage health insurance enrollees to shop for health care. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
However, prior studies using health insurance claims data indicate these savings are primarily owing to decreased use of care and not because HDHP enrollees are switching to lower-cost providers. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Limited prior work has assessed attitudes toward price shopping among HDHP enrollees and whether they were more likely to consider costs when seeking care. (theincidentaleconomist.com)
Realizing that IT integration could result in cost-savings, workflow efficiencies and improve patient care, UCHealth is now utilizing Philips to consolidate and standardize its health IT systems across the entire hospital enterprise. (philips.com)
As health care is typically the second or third biggest cost in our budgets as manufacturers, something needs to change. (wisconsinrapidstribune.com)
Previous studies ranked our state the worst or near worst when it comes to high health care costs. (wisconsinrapidstribune.com)
Evaluating Cost Sharing Measures in Public Primary Units in Greece: Cost Sharing Measures in Primary Care. (igi-global.com)
Studies from Natl Pharmaceuticals Council Update Current Data on Managed Care (Does a One-Size-Fits-All Cost-Sharing Approach Incentivize Appropriate. (insurancenewsnet.com)
According to the news editors, the research concluded: "Policies that facilitate the alignment of patient cost sharing with appropriate care are needed. (insurancenewsnet.com)
High-growth services comprise the key targets for reform efforts by payers, purchasers, and other cost-conscious stakeholders within the health care system. (ptcommunity.com)
We are committed to ensuring our members have access to the health care they need for COVID-19, when they need it without worrying about cost," said Joan Budden, President and CEO of Priority Health. (priorityhealth.com)
AOC meshes well with our data-sharing programmes, which enable hospitals to compare clinical, operational and financial data with peer organisations and improve quality and cost-effectiveness of care as a result. (hoise.com)
HBSI ACTION provides the largest and most current health care operational database in the industry, allowing health care organisations to compare their costs and productivity to their peers and make informed decisions based on timely, accurate cost information. (hoise.com)
HBSI ACTION is used by hundreds of health care organisations nationwide to identify potential opportunities for cost savings, monitor performance over time and identify better-performing hospitals for comparison. (hoise.com)
Since October 2001, Universal health insurance system: the curative package (ambulatory and hospitalization service), the high-cost care package, and the promotive and preventive package. (biomedcentral.com)

The wide variation in costs across physicians and hospitals implies considerable opportunity for enrollees to save money by switching to lower-cost providers. (theincidentaleconomist.com)

Risk Sharing and Transactions Costs: Evidence from Kenya's Mobile Money Revolution ," American Economic Review , American Economic Association, vol. 104(1), pages 183-223, January. (repec.org)
This study provides evidence that reducing cost-sharing can improve the ability of patients with chronic illness to take the medications they need to stay in good health," said Commonwealth Fund President Karen Davis. (bio-medicine.org)

The latest decision by a health insurer to waive cost-sharing comes as COVID-19 continues to spread, with about 267,000 confirmed cases and nearly 7,000 deaths in the U.S. as of Friday afternoon, according to Johns Hopkins University, which is tracking the disease globally. (chicagotribune.com)

In fact, the authors note, "Policies that increase patient engagement may increase length of stay and costs. (redorbit.com)
To begin the panel discussion, he turned to another patient advocate, Samantha Watson, MBA, founder and CEO of the Samfund, who explained the impacts of cost sharing from the perspective of the patient. (ajmc.com)
The paper, 'Association of patient preferences for participation in decision making with length of stay and costs among hospitalized patients,' is in the May 27, 2013, issue of JAMA Internal Medicine . (uchospitals.edu)
Patient OOP costs can affect the use of both inappropriate and appropriate medications. (insurancenewsnet.com)

The cost-sharing amounts reported here are for covered workers using in-network services. (kff.org)
Such cost sharing is limited to "nominal" amounts. (pnhp.org)

In addition to any required premium contributions, most covered workers must pay a share of the cost for the medical services they use. (kff.org)
The framework of this survey does not allow us to capture all of the complex cost-sharing requirements in modern plans, particularly for ancillary services (such as durable medical equipment or physical therapy) or cost-sharing arrangements that vary across different settings (such as tiered networks). (kff.org)
You join together with another family to find a nanny you both like, and then you share her services. (wisebread.com)
The policy reads , "Note that under this section of the State Travel Policy, obtaining lodging through Airbnb, VRBO.com or other home-sharing services requires prior approval by the State Office of Budget and Management. (govtech.com)
Therefore, these home-sharing services are discouraged. (govtech.com)
On Nov. 25, 2013, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) proposed the cost sharing limitations for 2015 cost sharing limitations. (bcbsm.com)
We will also discuss the influence of the polluter pays principle on the cost recovery for water services under Article 9 of the Water Framework Directive. (ssrn.com)
Insights and metrics from this study are applicable to organizations that have a large HR department, shared services companies as well as companies that outsource HR functions. (best-in-class.com)

Section 1916 of the Act describes long-standing requirements for cost sharing, which apply broadly to all individuals who are not specifically exempted. (pnhp.org)

I never would have received this advice if I hadn't shared my uncertainties publicly. (futureofthebook.org)

Pay ( i ) = Cost ( D ) ⋅ Demand ( i ) / D {\displaystyle {\text{Pay}}(i)={\text{Cost}}(D)\cdot {\text{Demand}}(i)/D} In the above example, the payments are 15.8 (for demand 3), 31.6 (for demand 6) and 52.6 (for demand 10). (wikipedia.org)
Liu, who is on the Penn Student Insurance Plan , said one of her concerns was the cost of prescriptions and co-payments for therapy sessions. (thedp.com)

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment53

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science13

Named Groups4

Health Care157

Geographicals16

Financial incentives and drug spending in managed care. (1/393)

Who bears the burden of Medicaid drug copayment policies? (2/393)

User charges in government health facilities in Kenya: effect on attendance and revenue. (3/393)

The impact of alternative cost recovery schemes on access and equity in Niger. (4/393)

Protecting the poor under cost recovery: the role of means testing. (5/393)

Improving quality through cost recovery in Niger. (6/393)

R(7/393)

Research note: price uncertainty and the demand for health care.(8/393)

Health Care Costs

Costs and Cost Analysis

Drug Costs

Cost of Illness

Cost Control

Direct Service Costs

Cost Sharing

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost Allocation

Models, Economic

Employer Health Costs

Quality-Adjusted Life Years

United States

Health Resources

Hospitalization

Managed Care Programs

Efficiency

Length of Stay

Insurance Claim Review

Markov Chains

Retrospective Studies

Ambulatory Care

Decision Trees

Treatment Outcome

Budgets

Fees, Pharmaceutical

Financing, Personal

Decision Support Techniques

Health Services

Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services

Economics, Hospital

Accounting

Great Britain

Economics, Pharmaceutical

Economics, Medical

Fees and Charges

State Medicine

Time Factors

Insurance, Health

Capital Expenditures

Medicaid

Mass Screening

Drugs, Generic

Sensitivity and Specificity

Delivery of Health Care

Energy Metabolism

Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Prospective Studies

Fees, Medical

Salaries and Fringe Benefits

Health Benefit Plans, Employee

Absenteeism

Efficiency, Organizational

Quality of Life

England

Formularies as Topic

Health Policy

Financing, Government

Financial Audit

Home Care Services

Health Care Reform

Program Evaluation

Drug Utilization Review

Health Services Accessibility

Disposable Equipment

Cohort Studies

Developing Countries

Canada

Infant, Newborn

Models, Theoretical

Data Collection

Drug Prescriptions

Episode of Care

Economics, Nursing

Algorithms

Drug Utilization

Life Expectancy

Databases, Factual

Pharmaceutical Services

Investments