Cost of illness. Medical search

The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.

The amount that a health care institution or organization pays for its drugs. It is one component of the final price that is charged to the consumer (FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL or PRESCRIPTION FEES).

The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of resources committed to an activity is not considered excessive. This determination is frequently subjective and dependent upon the specific geographic area of the activity being measured. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Costs which are directly identifiable with a particular service.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. Several forms of sharing are in use, e.g., deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. Cost sharing does not refer to or include amounts paid in premiums for the coverage. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.

The assignment, to each of several particular cost-centers, of an equitable proportion of the costs of activities that serve all of them. Cost-center usually refers to institutional departments or services.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Statistical models of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as of financial considerations. For the application of statistics to the testing and quantifying of economic theories MODELS, ECONOMETRIC is available.

Coordinate set of non-specific behavioral responses to non-psychiatric illness. These may include loss of APPETITE or LIBIDO; disinterest in ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; or withdrawal from social interaction.

That portion of total HEALTH CARE COSTS borne by an individual's or group's employing organization.

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

A measurement index derived from a modification of standard life-table procedures and designed to take account of the quality as well as the duration of survival. This index can be used in assessing the outcome of health care procedures or services. (BIOETHICS Thesaurus, 1994)

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.

Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.

The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.

Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.

Set of expectations that exempt persons from responsibility for their illness and exempt them from usual responsibilities.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Persons with psychiatric illnesses or diseases, particularly psychotic and severe mood disorders.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Ratio of output to effort, or the ratio of effort produced to energy expended.

Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

An oversimplified perception or conception especially of persons, social groups, etc.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.

Review of claims by insurance companies to determine liability and amount of payment for various services. The review may also include determination of eligibility of the claimant or beneficiary or of the provider of the benefit; determination that the benefit is covered or not payable under another policy; or determination that the service was necessary and of reasonable cost and quality.

The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Chronic absence from work or other duty.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Aspects of health and disease related to travel.

Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)

An acute or prolonged illness usually considered to be life-threatening or with the threat of serious residual disability. Treatment may be radical and is frequently costly.

Health insurance plans intended to reduce unnecessary health care costs through a variety of mechanisms, including: economic incentives for physicians and patients to select less costly forms of care; programs for reviewing the medical necessity of specific services; increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing incentives for outpatient surgery; selective contracting with health care providers; and the intensive management of high-cost health care cases. The programs may be provided in a variety of settings, such as HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS and PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS.

Payment by individuals or their family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A graphic device used in decision analysis, series of decision options are represented as branches (hierarchical).

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.

Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill patients.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

Organized services to provide mental health care.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.

Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XIX, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, administered by the states, that provides health care benefits to indigent and medically indigent persons.

The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.

Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.

Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They include proposed income and expenditures.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

Mathematical or statistical procedures used as aids in making a decision. They are frequently used in medical decision-making.

Persons who provide care to those who need supervision or assistance in illness or disability. They may provide the care in the home, in a hospital, or in an institution. Although caregivers include trained medical, nursing, and other health personnel, the concept also refers to parents, spouses, or other family members, friends, members of the clergy, teachers, social workers, fellow patients.

A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Persons with an incurable or irreversible illness at the end stage that will result in death within a short time. (From O'Leary et al., Lexikon: Dictionary of Health Care Terms, Organizations, and Acronyms for the Era of Reform, 1994, p780)

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Amounts charged to the patient or third-party payer for medication. It includes the pharmacist's professional fee and cost of ingredients, containers, etc.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.

A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.

Performance of activities or tasks traditionally performed by professional health care providers. The concept includes care of oneself or one's family and friends.

Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8)

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

The degree of closeness or acceptance an individual or group feels toward another individual or group.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Health care provided to a critically ill patient during a medical emergency or crisis.

Systems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The concept includes mystical and magical rituals (SPIRITUAL THERAPIES); PHYTOTHERAPY; and other treatments which may not be explained by modern medicine.

Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Insurance providing for payment of services rendered by the pharmacist. Services include the preparation and distribution of medical products.

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Nursing care given to an individual in the home. The care may be provided by a family member or a friend. Home nursing as care by a non-professional is differentiated from HOME CARE SERVICES provided by professionals: visiting nurse, home health agencies, hospital, or other organized community group.

A broad approach to appropriate coordination of the entire disease treatment process that often involves shifting away from more expensive inpatient and acute care to areas such as preventive medicine, patient counseling and education, and outpatient care. This concept includes implications of appropriate versus inappropriate therapy on the overall cost and clinical outcome of a particular disease. (From Hosp Pharm 1995 Jul;30(7):596)

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.

Economic aspects of the field of medicine, the medical profession, and health care. It includes the economic and financial impact of disease in general on the patient, the physician, society, or government.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

The process of accepting patients. The concept includes patients accepted for medical and nursing care in a hospital or other health care institution.

Community health and NURSING SERVICES providing coordinated multiple services to the patient at the patient's homes. These home-care services are provided by a visiting nurse, home health agencies, HOSPITALS, or organized community groups using professional staff for care delivery. It differs from HOME NURSING which is provided by non-professionals.

An interval of care by a health care facility or provider for a specific medical problem or condition. It may be continuous or it may consist of a series of intervals marked by one or more brief separations from care, and can also identify the sequence of care (e.g., emergency, inpatient, outpatient), thus serving as one measure of health care provided.

A traditional term for all the activities which a physician or other health care professional normally performs to insure the coordination of the medical services required by a patient. It also, when used in connection with managed care, covers all the activities of evaluating the patient, planning treatment, referral, and follow-up so that care is continuous and comprehensive and payment for the care is obtained. (From Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2nd ed)

A perceived attribute that is deeply discrediting and is considered to be a violation of social norms.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Amounts charged to the patient as payer for medical services.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.

Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.

A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)

Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.

Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

Persons admitted to health facilities which provide board and room, for the purpose of observation, care, diagnosis or treatment.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

Economic aspects related to the management and operation of a hospital.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)

System of recording financial transactions.

Historical term for a chronic, but fluctuating, disorder beginning in early life and characterized by recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not apparently due to physical illness. This diagnosis is not used in contemporary practice.

Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people.

Conditions of abnormal THYROID HORMONES release in patients with apparently normal THYROID GLAND during severe systemic illness, physical TRAUMA, and psychiatric disturbances. It can be caused by the loss of endogenous hypothalamic input or by exogenous drug effects. The most common abnormality results in low T3 THYROID HORMONE with progressive decrease in THYROXINE; (T4) and TSH. Elevated T4 with normal T3 may be seen in diseases in which THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN synthesis and release are increased.

Persons who receive ambulatory care at an outpatient department or clinic without room and board being provided.

Collective behavior of an aggregate of individuals giving the appearance of unity of attitude, feeling, and motivation.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Economic aspects of the fields of pharmacy and pharmacology as they apply to the development and study of medical economics in rational drug therapy and the impact of pharmaceuticals on the cost of medical care. Pharmaceutical economics also includes the economic considerations of the pharmaceutical care delivery system and in drug prescribing, particularly of cost-benefit values. (From J Res Pharm Econ 1989;1(1); PharmacoEcon 1992;1(1))

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.

Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

A person's view of himself.

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.

A clinical syndrome caused by heat stress, such as over-exertion in a hot environment or excessive exposure to sun. It is characterized by SWEATING, water (volume) depletion, salt depletion, cool clammy skin, NAUSEA, and HEADACHE.

Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility.

Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. It is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort such as in a geographic area or population subgroup to estimate trends in a larger population. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed and attenuated vaccines. The composition of the vaccines is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two INFLUENZAVIRUS A strains and one INFLUENZAVIRUS B strain.

The interactions between physician and patient.

Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

The measurement of the health status for a given population using a variety of indices, including morbidity, mortality, and available health resources.

Those funds disbursed for facilities and equipment, particularly those related to the delivery of health care.

A preconceived judgment made without factual basis.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.

Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.

Directions written for the obtaining and use of DRUGS.

The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.

Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

A condition occurring as a result of exposure to a rapid fall in ambient pressure. Gases, nitrogen in particular, come out of solution and form bubbles in body fluid and blood. These gas bubbles accumulate in joint spaces and the peripheral circulation impairing tissue oxygenation causing disorientation, severe pain, and potentially death.

Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.

Care of patients by a multidisciplinary team usually organized under the leadership of a physician; each member of the team has specific responsibilities and the whole team contributes to the care of the patient.

Child hospitalized for short term care.

An office in the Department of Labor responsible for developing and establishing occupational safety and health standards.

The economic burden of asthma: direct and indirect costs in Switzerland. (1/3131)

Asthma mortality increased in Switzerland between 1980 and 1994. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of asthma in this country. Chart reviews were conducted for the last five patients seen for asthma in physician practices in 1996 and 1997. Direct expenditures and indirect costs for asthma-related morbidity were determined. A total of 589 patient charts were completely analysed, including 117 children's charts, obtained from 120 office-based physicians. The annual direct medical costs were CHF 1,778 and the mean annual indirect costs were CHF 1,019 per patient for all patients. The total estimated cost of asthma in Switzerland in 1997 was nearly CHF 1,252 million. Direct medical expenditures approached CHF 762 million, or 61% of the total. In 1997, the indirect costs for asthma were estimated to have exceeded CHF 490 million. Of these costs CHF 123 million (25%) was associated with morbidity and nearly CHF 368 million (75%) was associated with looking after asthmatic patients who had to be cared for at home. This study provides evidence that asthma is a major healthcare cost factor in Switzerland, amounting to approximately CHF 1,200 million per year. The data suggest that cost savings can be achieved by improving primary care for asthma in an ambulatory setting. (+info)

The cost effectiveness of strategies for the treatment of intestinal parasites in immigrants. (2/3131)

BACKGROUND: Currently, more than 600,000 immigrants enter the United States each year from countries where intestinal parasites are endemic. At entry persons with parasitic infections may be asymptomatic, and stool examinations are not a sensitive method of screening for parasitosis. Albendazole is a new, broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, which was approved recently by the Food and Drug Administration. International trials have shown albendazole to be safe and effective in eradicating many parasites. In the United States there is now disagreement about whether to screen all immigrants for parasites, treat all immigrants presumptively, or do nothing unless they have symptoms. METHODS: We compared the costs and benefits of no preventive intervention (watchful waiting) with those of universal screening or presumptive treatment with 400 mg of albendazole per day for five days. Those at risk were defined as immigrants to the United States from Asia, the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Cost effectiveness was expressed both in terms of the cost of treatment per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted (one DALY is defined as the loss of one year of healthy life to disease) and in terms of the cost per hospitalization averted. RESULTS: As compared with watchful waiting, presumptive treatment of all immigrants at risk for parasitosis would avert at least 870 DALYs, prevent at least 33 deaths and 374 hospitalizations, and save at least $4.2 million per year. As compared with watchful waiting, screening would cost $159,236 per DALY averted. CONCLUSIONS: Presumptive administration of albendazole to all immigrants at risk for parasitosis would save lives and money. Universal screening, with treatment of persons with positive stool examinations, would save lives but is less cost effective than presumptive treatment. (+info)

Morbidity and mortality attributable to alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in Canada. (3/3131)

OBJECTIVES: This study estimated morbidity and mortality attributable to substance abuse in Canada. METHODS: Pooled estimates of relative risk were used to calculate etiologic fractions by age, gender, and province for 91 causes of disease or death attributable to alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs. RESULTS: There were 33,498 deaths and 208,095 hospitalizations attributed to tobacco, 6701 deaths and 86,076 hospitalizations due to alcohol, and 732 deaths and 7095 hospitalizations due to illicit drugs in 1992. CONCLUSIONS: Substance abuse exacts a considerable toll on Canadian society in terms of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 21% of deaths, 23% of years of potential life lost, and 8% of hospitalizations. (+info)

Ten-year trend in survival and resource utilization at a level I trauma center. (4/3131)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of increasing trauma center experience over time on survival and resource utilization. METHODS: The authors studied a retrospective cohort at a single level I trauma center over a 10-year period, from 1986 to 1995. Patients included all hospital admissions and emergency department deaths. The main outcome measures were the case-fatality rate adjusted for injury severity, hospital length of stay, and costs. RESULTS: A total of 25,979 patients were admitted or died. The number of patients per year increased, from 2063 in 1986 to 3313 in 1995. The proportion of patients transferred from another institution increased from 16.2% to 34.4%. Although mean length of stay declined by 28.4%, from 9.5 to 6.8 days, costs increased by 16.7%, from $14,174 to $16,547. The use of specific radiologic investigations increased; the frequency of operative procedures either remained unchanged (craniotomy, fracture fixation) or decreased (celiotomy). After adjusting for injury severity and demographic factors, the mortality rate decreased over 10 years. The improvement in survival was confined to patients with an injury severity score > or =16. CONCLUSION: Over a 10-year period, the case-fatality rate declined in patients with severe injuries. Overall acute care costs increased, partially because of the increased use of radiologic investigations. Even in otherwise established trauma centers, increasing cumulative experience results in improved survival rates in the most severely injured patients. These data suggest that experience contributes to a decrease in mortality rate after severe trauma and that developing trauma systems should consider this factor and limit the number of designated centers to maximize cumulative experience at individual centers. (+info)

The cost of obesity in Canada. (5/3131)

BACKGROUND: Almost one-third of adult Canadians are at increased risk of disability, disease and premature death because of being obese. In order to allocate limited health care resources rationally, it is necessary to elucidate the economic burden of obesity. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct costs related to the treatment of and research into obesity in Canada in 1997. METHODS: The prevalence of obesity (body mass index of 27 or greater) in Canada was determined using data from the National Population Health Survey, 1994-1995. Ten comorbidities of obesity were identified from the medical literature. A population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated for each comorbidity with data from large cohort studies to determine the extent to which each comorbidity and its management costs were attributable to obesity. The direct cost of each comorbidity was determined using data from the Canadian Institute of Health Information (for direct expenditure categories) and from Health Canada (for the proportion of expenditure category attributable to the comorbidity). This prevalence-based approach identified the direct costs of hospital care, physician services, services of other health professionals, drugs, other health care and health research. For each comorbidity, the cost attributable to obesity was determined by multiplying the PAF by the total direct cost of the comorbidity. The overall impact of obesity was estimated as the sum of the PAF-weighted costs of treating the comorbidities. A sensitivity analysis was completed on both the estimated costs and the PAFs. RESULTS: The total direct cost of obesity in Canada in 1997 was estimated to be over $1.8 billion. This corresponded to 2.4% of the total health care expenditures for all diseases in Canada in 1997. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the total cost could be as high as $3.5 billion or as low as $829.4 million; this corresponded to 4.6% and 1.1% respectively of the total health care expenditures in 1997. When the contributions of the comorbidities to the total cost were considered, the 3 largest contributors were hypertension ($656.6 million), type 2 diabetes mellitus ($423.2 million) and coronary artery disease ($346.0 million). INTERPRETATION: A considerable proportion of health care dollars is devoted to the treatment and management of obesity-related comorbidities in Canada. Further research into the therapeutic benefits and cost-effectiveness of management strategies for obesity is required. It is anticipated that the prevention and treatment of obesity will have major positive effects on the overall cost of health care. (+info)

Economic burden of blindness in India. (6/3131)

Economic analysis is one way to determine the allocation of scarce resources for health-care programs. The initial step in this process is to estimate in economic terms the burden of diseases and the benefit from interventions for prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this paper, the direct and indirect economic loss due to blindness in India is calculated on the basis of certain assumptions. The cost of treating cataract blindness in India is estimated at current prices. The economic burden of blindness in India for the year 1997 based on our assumptions is Rs. 159 billion (US$ 4.4 billion), and the cumulative loss over lifetime of the blind is Rs. 2,787 billion (US$ 77.4 billion). Childhood blindness accounts for 28.7% of this lifetime loss. The cost of treating all cases of cataract blindness in India is Rs. 5.3 billion (US$ 0.15 billion). Similar estimates for causes of blindness other than cataract have to be made in order to develop a comprehensive approach to deal with blindness in India. (+info)

The economic value of informal caregiving. (7/3131)

This study explores the current market value of the care provided by unpaid family members and friends to ill and disabled adults. Using large, national data sets we estimate that the national economic value of informal caregiving was $196 billion in 1997. This figure dwarfs national spending for formal home health care ($32 billion) and nursing home care ($83 billion). Estimates for five states also are presented. This study broadens the issue of informal caregiving from the micro level, where individual caregivers attempt to cope with the stresses and responsibilities of caregiving, to the macro level of the health care system, which must find more effective ways to support family caregivers. (+info)

Willingness to pay: a feasible method for assessing treatment benefits in epilepsy? (8/3131)

Contingent valuation using willingness to pay (WTP) is one of the methods available for assessing the value of a new technology or treatment for a disease in monetary terms. Experience with this method is lacking in epilepsy. The objectives of this study were to assess the acceptability of the WTP method in epilepsy, the level of the responses, and to investigate its validity by comparison with other non-monetary preference measures. Among 397 patients with epilepsy responding to a comprehensive questionnaire, 82 were randomly selected for an interview. They were asked about their WTP for an imaginary new technology which could permanently cure their epilepsy. Fifty-nine patients participated and 57 completed the interview (32 women; mean age 44 years), the majority with well-controlled epilepsy. The patients indicated a median WTP of Norwegian Kroner (NOK) 150,000 (USD 20,000; GBP 11,800), interquartile range NOK 50,000-350,000 (USD 6, 667-46, 667; GBP 3,937-27,559) for this cure. Non-response was low, indicating high acceptability of this method. There was little association between WTP and other preference measures; the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was -0.09 and -0.12 with time trade-off and standard gamble respectively, questioning the validity of this method. (+info)

Smith, Samantha; Brick, Aoife; O'Hara, Sinéad; Normand, Charles (1 February 2014). "Evidence on the cost and cost-effectiveness ... Terminal illness can also lend patients to become more prone to psychological illness such as depression and anxiety disorders ... The cost of healthcare for end-of-life patients is 13% of annual healthcare spending in the U.S. However, of the group of ... Terminal illness or end-stage disease is a disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated and is expected to result in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_illness

Given the cost associated with the greater need for specialized treatments as well as decreased time to work, these families ... Chronic illness can affect a child's development at any stage. During infancy and childhood chronic illness can be detrimental ... Childhood chronic illnesses are common among school-aged children in the United States, and these illnesses often require ... and mental illness. Leading causes of poor outcomes due to childhood chronic illness, however, depend on geographic region. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_chronic_illness

Tarricone, Rosanna (2006). "Cost-of-illness analysis". Health Policy. 77 (1): 51-63. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.07.016. PMID ... Opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs but could be measured by the real cost of output forgone, ... an example of a real opportunity cost. Thus, if one more Gun costs 100 units of butter, the opportunity cost of one Gun is 100 ... The opportunity cost of an activity is an element in ensuring that scarce resources are used efficiently, such that the cost is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics

The reason it costs corporations more is because people can not work to their full potential in poor conditions, affecting the ... Illness. 38 (1): 21-42. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12300. hdl:1885/109350. PMID 26174027. Herlinger, Chris. "Bangladesh Counts The ... In developing countries with loose labor regulations and a large supply of low-skill, low-cost workers, there are risks for ... Corporations manage their supply chain to take advantage of cheaper costs of production. A supply chain is a system of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalization

Tarricone, Rosanna (2006). "Cost-of-illness analysis". Health Policy. 77 (1): 51-63. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.07.016. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy

Counterfeit cannabis cartridges are being sold to users at a reduced cost. Dank Vapes is an illicit brand that uses a cartridge ... the CDC is only reporting hospitalized vaping-associated lung illness cases and vaping-associated lung illness deaths, ... No one compound or ingredient has emerged as the cause of these illnesses so far; and it may be that there is more than one ... Severe lung illness among young adults and youth who used vaping products required hospitalization in 11 cases in Wisconsin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019–2020_vaping_lung_illness_outbreak

... community care of serious mental illness; health care and cost-effectiveness evaluation; and electroshock conversion therapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Marks

Cahoon, Lauren; Chitale, Radha; Hunter, Aina (1 July 2008). "The Cost Of Creativity: Bipolar Disorder and the Stars". ABC News ... Cousins, Jon (22 March 2011). "Bipolar illness: My ever changing moods". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 May ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Fry

"Swiss count the cost of mental illness". "Swiss count the cost of mental illness". "More Swiss treated for depression". " ... "Swiss count the cost of mental illness". "The urgent need to talk about mental illness". "Over 27% of Swiss workers are ... The annual cost for brain disorders is SFr15 billion ($13.7 billion) - more than SFr2,000 per person according to Swiss medical ... It is estimated that one out of six persons in Switzerland suffers from mental illness. Other studies estimate that between 20 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland

Information about Mental Illness and the Brain. National Institutes of Health (US). 2007. In addition, the World Health ... "TMS Therapy: What It Treats, Benefits, Side Effects, and Costs". Pacific Mind Health. Retrieved 2022-08-10. "Brainsway reports ... Health (US), National Institutes of; Study, Biological Sciences Curriculum (2007). Information about Mental Illness and the ... ECT became widely used to treat mental illness, and ultimately overused, as it began to be seen as a panacea. This led to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation

The album only cost $17.36 to record, a sum that Newcombe paid for entirely. The liner notes state the album was recorded in " ... I bought The Brian Jonestown Massacre - Thank God for Mental Illness - and its like a Q and A, like; 'Did you try to sell your ... I was like, "I'm insane? OK, well thank God for mental illness." It was a personal statement." A reviewer for Sentimentalist ... Allmusic's Jason Ankeny praised the album, rating it four stars out of five and writing: "with Thank God for Mental Illness, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thank_God_for_Mental_Illness

His habits eventually led to serious illness. Levitov died of tuberculosis in a Moscow clinic in 1877. The funeral costs were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Levitov

walesonline Administrator (12 September 2008). "Boxing: Illness cost me Hall fight says Jones". walesonline. "Latest Boxing ... progress at this time was all the more impressive as in 2003 he had been the victim of a stabbing incident which nearly cost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Hall_(boxer)

Dave Goldiner, "Lung illness take an Angel of Ground Zero." "New York Daily News." November 3, 2006, p. 4 SEWELL CHAN, "Officer ... Giuliani's triumph of leadership as having come with a human cost." The Times reported that he seized control of the cleanup of ... In September 2006, the U.S. House Committee on Homeland Security held a two-day hearing on illnesses caused by post-9/11 air ... By raising attention to her own devastating illness, Sister Mahoney will continue as she did in life, to help those affected by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_arising_from_the_September_11_attacks

Osceola died in prison of illness; the war resulted in over 1,500 U.S. deaths, and cost the government $20 million. Some ... At our trading houses, too, we mean to sell so low as merely to repay us cost and charges, so as neither to lessen or enlarge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_removal

Roeser organized a benefit concert to help with the family's medical costs. Roeser, his wife Sandy, drummer John Miceli and ... Browning eventually succumbed to his illness. The Roesers still have a close relationship with the Browning family. Roeser uses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_Dharma

Sommai's son's illness is growing worse. Another doctor says the cause is a tumor at the base of the boy's brain, and that a ... At all costs, Thanu would rather not confront his old sergeant again. Thanu goes as far as visiting Sommai at his barbershop, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunman_(film)

Taube, Carl A.; Goldman, Howard H.; Salkever, David (January 1990). "Medicaid Coverage for Mental Illness: Balancing Access and ... Costs". Health Affairs. 9 (1): 5-18. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.9.1.5. ISSN 0278-2715. PMID 2182497. "Psychiatrist wins the American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Taube

... a shortage of low-cost rental housing; and mental illness, which often co-occurs with addiction. The population of the DTES is ... Costs per individual: For each untreated drug addict, the costs to society, including crime, judicial costs, and health care, ... the capital costs of building social housing or other infrastructure, or hospital costs. Wider-area costs related to issues ... The annual cost of ambulances responding to overdoses in Vancouver is $500,000, and the cost of police response to calls ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Eastside

... homeless people with mental illness, people experiencing psychiatric crises, and people with mental illness who are caught up ... The cost-effectiveness of ACT was relatively easy to demonstrate in the early days, when psychiatric hospital beds were more ... Economic benefit-cost analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 400-405. Test, M. A., & Stein, L. I. (1980). Alternative to ... In the years to come, program planners will have to justify the comparatively high cost of ACT through the continued use of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assertive_community_treatment

Frerichs, RR; Becht, JN; Foxman, B (1980). "Prevalence and cost of illness episodes in rural Bolivia". Int J Epidemiol. 9 (3): ... Globally, his research included health status measures and costs of care in Bolivia, microcomputer applications in Bangladesh, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_R._Frerichs

... and intangible cost of diseases can be estimated through cost-of-illness studies. Direct costs are estimated through prevalence ... Rice, Dorothy P. (2000-09-01). "Cost of illness studies: what is good about them?". Injury Prevention. 6 (3): 177-179. doi: ... Indirect costs due to alcohol dependence are significant. The biggest indirect cost comes from lost productivity, followed by ... and cost of property damage and enforcement, far exceed the direct health care and law enforcement costs. Aggregating the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol

Bankrupt Canner Cites Cost of Long U.S. Suit and Age of Stocks Seized in 1971. Cans to Be Buried". New York Times. Retrieved ... List of foodborne illness outbreaks by death toll List of foodborne illness outbreaks (countries other than the United States) ... In 1999, an estimated 5,000 deaths, 325,000 hospitalizations and 76 million illnesses were caused by foodborne illnesses within ... Nearly 2,000 illnesses were reported between May and July, approximately 1,300 more than usual for this strain of the bacteria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_in_the_United_States

For Egypt, the cost totaled $1 billion, 3% of GDP. Yemen had a cost of $830 million, 10% of GDP, while it cost Jordan $1.8 ... "UTSW genetic study confirms sarin nerve gas as cause of Gulf War illness". University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. 11 ... The ODI factored in elements of "cost" which included oil imports, remittance flows, re-settlement costs, loss of export ... The cost of the war to the United States was calculated by the US Congress in April 1992 to be $61.1 billion (equivalent to $ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War

She died from the illness on October 2, 2018. Votesmart.com.-Dorothy Hukill "Hukill In District 28". Orlando Sentinel. October ... Lelis, Ludmilla (October 31, 2006). "Insurance cost is motivator in District 28 race". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved May 23, 2014 ... "The single biggest expense manufacturers have is equipment costs." Hukill took a strong stance against legislation that would " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Hukill

Betz was also involved in the creation of the EU COST B4 Report. The report describes the scientific criteria and conditions ... He died on 8 June 2019 after a long illness. In 2012 Betz was presented with the European Council of Skeptical Organisations' ... Betz was a leading skeptic in Flanders and participant in the EU COST B4 Project (a European initiative for comprehensive ... in the fact that many illnesses disappear spontaneously (e.g., common colds) or fluctuate (e.g., allergies), as well as in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wim_Betz

Corso PS, Kramer MH, Blair KA, Addiss DG, Davis JP, Haddix AC (April 2003). "Cost of illness in the 1993 waterborne ... Cost of Illness in the 1993 Waterborne Cryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (CDC) [1] A Massive Outbreak in Milwaukee ... "Costs of Illness in the 1993 WaterborneCryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (4): ... "Costs of Illness in the 1993 WaterborneCryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Milwaukee_Cryptosporidiosis_outbreak

"No Breathing Room: National Illness Costs of Air Pollution" (PDF). Canadian Medical Association. August 2008. Archived from the ... The study estimated the economic impact of air pollution to be at $8 billion, including lost productivity, health care costs, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_in_Canada

... such as a cost-effectiveness analysis or cost-utility analysis. This affects the types of costs (resource expenditures) and ... Examples include lost productivity and lost wages due to illness. (Articles with topics of unclear notability from September ... Average acquisition cost would be more relevant. More complex perspectives may require broader consideration of costs and more ... Other relevant costs include inventory carrying cost, pharmacy time to compound or dispense, nursing time to administer, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_(pharmacoeconomic)

It cost £13.6.4.1. The son of Joshua Fisher. The town first elected Nathaniel Ames, but he refused the office. Upon his ... who was orthodox in his theology and lofty in his preaching remained in the pulpit until the autumn of 1721 until illness ... Justice Samuel Chase sentenced Fairbanks to six hours in prison and a fine of five dollars, plus court costs of 10 shillings, ... Belcher continued to preach until 1721 when illness prevented him. Hannah and Jabez were the parents of Jabez Chickering. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Dedham,_Massachusetts,_1700-1799

The role of a physician, i.e., G.P. was also suggested to become the primary person to treat mental illness. Suggestion 14 ... The Industrial Therapy Building was implemented in 1963 with a total cost of $505,000. Patients were assigned for instruction ... the then-mayor of Maple Ridge stated he was concerned with the number of people with mental illness who were living on the ... states that general community services should play an important role in aiding those with mental illness. Recommendation 25 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverview_Hospital_(Coquitlam)

At the same time, the series dealt with several mature storylines including alcoholism, depression, mental illness, sexual ... which reportedly cost £1,000,000 to construct, was retained for use in "Capital City". The dealing room equipment was provided ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_City_(TV_series)

Costs of continuing the plan will make the business fail. Costs of continuing the plan have become unreasonably burdensome ... often because they have lost their jobs due to the very illness for which care was denied.[citation needed] Many consumer and ... PBGC's long-term cost can be expected to be unreasonably higher if it does not terminate the plan. A termination initiated by ... the minimum required contribution is the cost of benefits earned during the year. If a plan is not fully funded, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee_Retirement_Income_Security_Act_of_1974

He hosted the programme until late 2012, when illness prevented him from continuing his duties. He died on 1 February 2013. ... During the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand as part of cost-cutting measures, 1 News reverted to a single news presenter for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_News

These benefits not only include tax-free cash payments but can also include free or low-cost mental health treatment and other ... Sadly, a program with good intentions has yielded a series of perverse incentives that reward illness, encourage patients to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans_benefits_for_post-traumatic_stress_disorder_in_the_United_States

This is especially common when the candidates do not live near the employer and has the advantage of keeping costs low for both ... mental illness) or sensory conditions (e.g., Tourette Syndrome). In addition, there are differences between the effects of ... Due to these findings, companies should weigh the costs and benefits of using technology over face-to-face interviews when ... Companies utilize technology in interviews due to its cheap costs, time-saving benefits, and their ease of use. Also, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_interview

He attended Boston College but did not graduate due to illness. Once he recovered, he went to work for his father as a teamster ... which was investigating the usefulness and cost of the company's floor preservative. The Commission's public hearings lasted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_H._Coakley

Although PIP was expected to cut costs by 20% over the longer term, costs were forecast to rise by £1billion to £15.4billion in ... said she would challenge four cases of patients with multiple sclerosis being called for reassessment despite their illness ... is a welfare benefit in the United Kingdom that is intended to help working age adults with the extra costs of living with a ... nor to seek to include all possible areas where extra costs may be generated.' PIP is not available to children under 16 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Independence_Payment

Wilson had an illness during the conference, and some experts believe the Spanish flu was the cause. Unlike other Allied ... Clements (1992), p. 45 Aneja, Abhay; Xu, Guo (2021). "The Costs of Employment Segregation: Evidence from the Federal Government ... Bert E. Park, a neurosurgeon who examined Wilson's medical records after his death, writes that Wilson's illness affected his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson

On the flip side of fate, Jordan Spieth's quadruple bogey on 12 during Sunday's final round in 2016 cost him his 2-stroke lead ... died shortly after the course's opening and Jones went into inactivity due to World War II and then a crippling illness. The ... Entry passes for the week cost $10,000 (up from $6,000) and require Augusta National's approval; there is a 10-ticket limit. As ... Membership is believed to cost between $100,000 and $300,000 and annual dues were estimated in 2020 to be less than $30,000 per ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_National_Golf_Club

... cost about $12 for a daily dose, which is 24% less than Invirase and 33% less than Norvir. Because the company used a ... Protease inhibitors changed the nature of AIDS from a terminal illness to a somewhat manageable one. It significantly increased ... In response to this hefty price, Merck stated that it cost a lot to research and develop the drug, and they did not have enough ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

... contending with illness, physical deterioration." "When teenagers inevitably look at themselves through the prism of our ... and take risks to succeed at any cost", which can lead the employee to "become obsessed, dysfunctional, and ultimately unable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overachievement

The project, which began in July 2010 and cost $11 million USD, succeeded in creating rain storms in the Dubai and Abu Dhabi ... The increased concentration of particulate matter, or micro-pollutants, increases risk for respiratory illnesses.[citation ... missions was sent to seed clouds in the UAE with each aircraft taking about three hours to target five to six clouds at a cost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_seeding_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates

The costs vary between US$6,000 to US$12,000. The high cost is due to the requirement to sacrifice a large number of animals ... These healing practices are often performed after the loss of a soul resulting from some kind of illness. However, the focus of ... It is common that several families cooperate to organize a tiwah together, so they can divide the cost among them. Once there ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharingan

It is estimated that the worldwide cost associated with controlling tick levels and tick borne disease is as high as 13.9 to ... Bush, Larry M.; Vazquez-Pertejo, Maria T. (May 2018). "Tick borne illness-Lyme disease". Disease-a-Month. 64 (5): 195-212. doi: ... Bush, Larry M.; Vazquez-Pertejo, Maria T. (May 2018). "Tick borne illness-Lyme disease". Disease-a-Month. 64 (5): 195-212. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick_infestation

Mental illnesses are particularly important when discussing the cycle of poverty, because these mental illnesses prevent ... For example, vitamin A supplements cost $0.02 per capsule if provided twice a year. Iron supplements per child cost $0.02 if ... The higher cost can be due to the higher manufacturing price or due to local or regional tax and Value Added Tax. There is a ... As dependents, they can be burdened by the illness and eventual death of one or both parents due to HIV/AIDS. Studies have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty

Her ruling was upheld on appeal in September 2014 and Wakefield was ordered to pay all parties' costs. On 5 April 2011, Deer ... resulting in serious illness and deaths. His continued claims that the vaccine is harmful have contributed to a climate of ... Within days of Deer's report, Wakefield dropped all his libel actions and was ordered to pay all defendants' legal costs. ... "Wakefield drops libel claim over Channel 4 investigation, and agrees to pay costs". BrianDeer.com. Archived from the original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield

Usually, some costs are borne by the patient at the time of consumption, but the bulk of costs come from a combination of ... Industrial employers were mandated to provide injury and illness insurance for their low-wage workers, and the system was ... Single-payer health care is a system in which the government, rather than private insurers, pays for all health care costs. ... Other countries with insurance-based systems effectively meet the cost of insuring those unable to insure themselves via social ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_care

This military caste enjoyed several privileges, with the state paying for their food, clothing and housing costs, as well as ... During this period the majority of the army was decimated by illness, rebellions, and Spanish attacks. Initially, the Inca ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_army

THOMAS F. BRADY (February 28, 1949). "'SWORD IN DESERT' TO STAR ANDREWS: Paul Christian's Illness Causes Change in the Cast of ... Dunne was fired from Fox after less than a year at the studio in a cost-cutting move. He was briefly under contract at MGM, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Dunne_(writer)

For example, a person with high self-efficacy may engage in more health-related activity when an illness occurs, whereas a ... easy to implement and cost effective solution to improve cognitive outcomes in stroke patients. Goal-setting has limitations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_setting

"Cost of NHS Covid tests for UK arrivals reduced". BBC News. 13 August 2021. "Covid: Record your cough to help improve detection ... These deaths were mostly people at very high risk of illness due to the virus. Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Health ... The cost reduction applies to people arriving from green listed countries, and amber list countries when they have been fully ... "Covid PCR costs can be excessive and exploitative, says Javid". BBC News. 8 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021. "Covid in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July–December_2021)

The cost is virtually always free. Fantasy flights differ from angel flights in that fantasy flights are not to reach a ... British Airways operates a special day return trip for kids with life-threatening illnesses from Glasgow Prestwick Airport to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasy_flight

In 1861, his wife was infected with a serious illness and died. Not much is known about his son and his name is remained ... 50 costs. He was sentenced to further five years "for saying that the thing that the king wishes was wrong". Sioeli was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioeli_Nau

The park cost the city about US$7 million. In 2013, the national government led by Rafael Correa built two pedestrian bridges ... care facility for those suffering a terminal illness Newspapers of Guayaquil Aerovia (Guayaquil) "Population Projections 2010- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guayaquil

In 1990 Michaelis developed a low cost geodesic geometry solar cooker, which cooks at over two hundred degrees Celsius. It also ... Dominic Michaelis died on 22 December 2015 after a long battle with illness. Biography of Dominic Michaelis Full biography ... where he built five pise walled low cost health clinics for the EU. Dominic Michaelis imagined a hot air balloon flying only by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Michaelis

After the war she suffered from mental illness and was hospitalised in East Germany. Johanna died in 2007.: 20 Upon arrival at ... 50 to cover the cost of their eventual repatriation.: 75 This is equivalent to £3,298 in 2021. Trevor Chadwick had originally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerda_Mayer

This results in a very high financial burden on families in case of severe illness. Though, the 12th plan document express ... There have been complaints about high transaction cost for this scheme due to insurance intermediaries. RSBY does not take into ... This has also incentivised unnecessary treatment which in due course will increase costs and premiums. ... generic medicine and making these universally available free of cost to all patients in public facilities as a part of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Five_Year_Plan_(India)

... she has looked for opportunities to develop cost-effective techniques and low-cost alternatives. She has also proposed that ... The death of her best friend, Nilima Rovshen, and the illnesses of her husband and her mother with cancer, have motivated ... Biocon provides low-cost drugs, making a negligible profit on a unit basis, but an overall profit on volume due to the ... Biocon committed to building 3,000 houses at a cost of Rs 30 crore. Mazumdar-Shaw is a member of the board of governors of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw

Hubbard offered teaching courses for Dianetic "auditors" through the Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation, costing $500 per ... Birth Shock and Infant Illnesses and Accidents with an Examination of their Effects Physiological and Psychological and their ... have cost me my health and have considerably retarded material of interest to the United States Government." In January 1951, ... and skepticism about Hubbard's claims that Dianetics could be effective in dealing with illnesses. In September 1950, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Dianetics

Learn about Cost of Illness: What is the economic burden of the condition? ... What output does a cost of illness analysis provide?. Cost of illness analysis provides the economic costs of an illness, ... Total cost of illness. medical + productivity losses. $394M. $186M. Average cost or cost per case. total cost/number of cases. ... What is cost of illness analysis?. Cost of illness analysis is a way of measuring medical and other costs resulting from a ...

https://www.cdc.gov/policy/polaris/economics/cost-illness/index.html

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/78081/browse?authority=Cost+of+Illness&type=mesh

This report aims to summarize best practice in estimating the attributable and avoidable costs of alcohol,and to make ... Best practice in estimating the costs of alcohol: recommendations for future studies ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Cost+of+Illness&type=mesh

Cost-effectiveness of Sick Leave Policies for Health Care Workers with Influenza-like Illness, Brazil, 2009 Nancy Val y Val P. ... Cost-effectiveness of Sick Leave Policies for Health Care Workers with Influenza-like Illness, Brazil, 2009. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/8/10-1546-f1

The culprit? E. coli, a bacteria commonly transmitted through food or water that can cause serious illness. ... A brush with foodborne illness, or the mere threat of illness, is often enough to put people off the offending item for some ... Outbreaks happen regularly, and E. coli is just one of many agents that transmit foodborne illness - others include salmonella ... From this figure, the authors estimate the recall cost the beef industry around $97 million. Another study looks at the impact ...

http://www.seniorwomen.com/news/index.php/harvard-shorenstein-center-foodborne-illness-causes-identification-and-costs

... Locked up in a psych ward under the false ... The state isnt only going after the Davisons for the cost of Eddies medical bills. It has also caught the family up in a ... By that point, Eddie had spent more than half of his life in state institutions, costing the state more than a million dollars ... Brooks has been working as a lawyer for people with mental illness since the early 1980s, representing plaintiffs in many ...

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/catferguson/the-institutional-life

The cost of illness burden was significant in women with chronic pelvic pain (Int $16,970 to $ 20,898 per woman per year) ... The majority of costs (75-84%) were due to productivity loss. Both absolute and relative productivity costs in Australia were ... Pain scores showed the strongest relationship to productivity costs, a 12.5-fold increase in costs between minimal to severe ... direct non-healthcare costs (carers) and indirect costs due to productivity loss. Estimates were extrapolated to the Australian ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0223316

... orphan diseases and other serious illnesses save the... ... orphan diseases and other serious illnesses save the healthcare ... HDMA and its members work daily to provide value and contain costs, saving the nations healthcare system an estimated $32 ... In addition, they assist manufacturers with marketing and help providers meet capital needs, taking costs out of both ends of ... These systems all cut inventory and distribution costs by shortening transit times and reducing loads and paperwork errors. ...

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/study-specialty-distributors-save-billions-of-dollars-in-healthcare-costs-delivering-medicines-that-save-patients-suffering-from-debilitating-illnesses-120628424.html

Winter sports reduces illness costs in Oregon by up to 37 million annually. Tuesday, January 29, 2019 7:08 PM. by Meadows Team ... And the Cost of Illness savings is between $11 million and $37 million annually. ... and the corresponding reduction in costs related to chronic illnesses such as heart disease, stroke, depression, dementia, ... This state of physical inactivity and associated chronic illnesses is a public health concern, as well as an economic burden. ...

https://www.skihood.com/en/about-us/meadows-blog/posts/2019/01/winter-sports-reduces-illness-costs-in-oregon-by-up-to-37-million-annually

WOOSTER, Ohio - Foodborne illnesses cost the country an estimated $152 billion annually in the form of medical bills, time off ... Foodborne illnesses cost Californians the most, at $18.6 billion. New York is third at $10.4 billion, Pennsylvania is fifth at ... Study says foodborne illnesses cost $152 billion, targets produce. By Chris Kick - ... the study calculates national and state-by-state costs associated with illnesses and the pathogens that cause them. ...

https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/study-says-foodborne-illnesses-cost-152-billion-targets-produce/14364.html

Workplace injury, illness costs being foisted on workers, government, OSHAs Michaels says by Talia Buford and Maryam Jameel ... Most of the costs of injuries and illnesses are borne by workers themselves, according to the report. Government programs such ... "By forcing the costs of injury and illness onto workers, their families and the taxpayer, unsafe employers have fewer ... CPI: Can we expect to see changes in who bears the cost of workplace injuries and illnesses? What would it take to bring about ...

https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/workers-rights/workplace-injury-illness-costs-being-foisted-on-workers-government-oshas-michaels-says/

Foodborne illnesses cost Ohio up to $2.9 billion every year. In other states, such costs range from just $181 million all the ... Robert Scharffs study, "State Estimates for the Annual Cost of Foodborne Illness," provides both conservative cost estimates ... High cost of foodborne illnesses: OARDC researcher provides state-by-state breakdown. March 9 2016. March 10, 2016. ... Costs fluctuate between states for a variety of reasons, including population, cost of medical care, climate and other factors ...

https://u.osu.edu/cfaesimpact/2016/03/09/high-cost-of-foodborne-illnesses-oardc-researcher-provides-state-by-state-breakdown/

Need to reduce your ergonomic injuries and save on workers comp costs? See how one facility saved over $1 million per year. ... Using TapRooT® to Reduce the Severity of Ergonomic Illnesses/Injuries & Cut Workers Comp Costs. TapRooT® User Success Story. By ... Long term it also means reduced cost for ergonomic illness-related surgeries and lost time during rehabilitation. This is ... This was even higher than expected, but the early reporting of ergonomic illnesses helped us reduce the illnesss severity. By ...

https://www.taproot.com/using-taproot-to-reduce-the-severity-of-ergonomic-illnesses-and-cut-workers-comp-costs/

Cost and health care utilization in ARDS--different from other critical illness? ... Cost and health care utilization in ARDS--different from other critical illness? Journal Article (Journal Article;Review) ... to post-acute care facilities can reduce hospital costs but are unlikely to decrease costs for an entire episode of illness. ... There is increasing literature on the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of ARDS, and despite its high costs, treatment ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub962569

Costs And Cost Analysis Government Agencies Health Expenditures Health Planning Income Methods Morbidity Mortality ... The impact of disease on a population includes illness, death, and medical care cost. Information on all three may be combined ... Title : Measurement and application of illness costs. Personal Author(s) : Rice, D. P. Published Date : Feb 1969 Source : ... and direct medical cost into a single measure of disease impact Personal Author(s) : Dean, Andrew G.;West, David J.;Weir, ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/75036

Cost: $285. Description. In this 4-day program, offering 12 hours of continuing education, learners will gain knowledge of ... Tuesday, March 9th and 16th: Geriatric Mental Illness. Students will understand the clinical practice implications of: *social ... The Student Access Office provides cost-free assistance and services that are tailored to meet the needs of individuals based ...

https://www.adelphi.edu/events/geriatric-mental-illness-and-populations-at-risk/

Mental illness is enough to cope with on its own, so being told you have diabetes as well can feel overwhelming at first. Its ... What will this cost?. Medicare and the National Diabetes Service Scheme will cover most of the costs for these health ... Home , Information & resources , Factsheets & Guides , Diabetes & mental illness. Diabetes & mental health Listen to this ... or anything about your mental illness. Good mental health and controlling the symptoms of mental illness are especially ...

https://www.sane.org/information-and-resources/facts-and-guides/diabetes-and-mental-illness

Former patients trade privacy for advocacy; helping others, but with a cost in scrutiny. ... It helps her make sense of her long illness without getting too personal. "Its not so much the disease-its the effect," Ms. ... After recovering, he put his illness behind him. He didnt go on fundraising walks. He didnt talk about it. ... She says people arent shy about blaming patients because they connect the illness with smoking. ...

https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20110618/ISSUE03/306189991/becoming-the-face-of-an-illness

Disease costs of tuberculosis and syphilis in Australia : a discussion paper / Kathryn M. Antioch ... [et al.] by Antioch, ... The Burden on the community : the epidemiology of mental illness , a symposium / contributors, J. D. N. Hill ... [et al.] by ... Back pain : its management and cost to society / Jennifer Klaber Moffett ... [et al.] by Moffett, Jennifer Klaber , University ... Using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease to define national control priorities and essential packages of care / ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BCost%20of%20illness.%7D

Get a quote for critical illness cover with MoneySuperMarket. ... Critical illness insurance protects you when you are diagnosed ... How much does critical illness cover cost?. The cost of critical illness cover will depend heavily on your age - premiums ... What is critical illness cover?. Critical illness cover is a form of insurance that pays out a tax-free lump sum if youre ... How much critical illness cover do I need?. When working out how much cover you need on a critical illness insurance policy, ...

https://www.moneysupermarket.com/life-insurance/critical-illness/

Financial support is available if you or a family member need to take time off work as a result of critical or terminal illness ... How to get help with day to day costs The total cost of living with a terminal illness in the UK can be between £12,000 and £ ... You can find out more on the financial impact of terminal illness by reading Marie Curies report on the cost of dying in the ... Weve listed out some ways to get help with day to day costs of living with a terminal illness. ...

https://www.natwest.com/life-moments/managing-your-money/managing-money-with-a-terminal-illness.html

Cost of illness was the sum of direct costs and costs for productivity loss. Direct costs covered treatment, travel, and meals ... This study was an incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis from a societal perspective. It covered new episodes of blood ... Cost of Illness Due to Typhoid Fever in Pemba, Zanzibar, East Africa. ... Cost of Illness Due to Typhoid Fever in Pemba, Zanzibar, East Africa. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2014 Sep; 32 ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/174177

The cost to live: Inflated insulin prices trigger … 2 days ago. .cls-3{fill:#fff;fill-rule:evenodd}. ... Pfizer says RSV vaccine is effective at preventing severe illness in babies by: Nathaniel Weixel, The Hill via Nexstar Media ... According to Pfizers news release, the vaccine reduced the rate of severe illness in infants that required medical attention ... first vaccine on the market to help protect young infants from the common but potentially life-threatening respiratory illness. ...

https://www.ksn.com/news/health/pfizer-says-rsv-vaccine-is-effective-at-preventing-severe-illness-in-babies/

The costs associated with living with COPD make it difficult for patients and their families to afford necessary living ... Conclusions: The costs associated with living with COPD make it difficult for patients and their families to afford necessary ... We cant afford my chronic illness! The out-of-pocket burden associated with managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in ... Results: One hundred and sixty-nine (78%) respondents experienced economic hardship while managing their illness. Fifty-nine ( ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21954233/?dopt=Abstract

Beer at Dallas Love Field, DFW costs more than most other airports. ... Both parents were torn to pieces by Graces passing, but Sue said Brian, who had great shame about his own mental illness and ... Three years after losing both her daughter and husband, Sue Loncar talks about suicide and mental illness. Widow of Strong Arm ... But Grace was so much more than her mental illness. Nurturing and sensitive, she always fought for the underdog, whether it was ...

https://www.dallasnews.com/news/commentary/2020/02/26/three-years-after-losing-both-her-daughter-and-husband-sue-loncar-talks-about-suicide-and-mental-illness/

Health Insurance Costs Are Squeezing Workers and Employers Report Health Insurance Costs Are Squeezing Workers and Employers. ... Here We Are Again: On Gun Violence, White Nationalism, and the Scapegoating of Mental Illness * Share Share. *Twitter ... Here We Are Again: On Gun Violence, White Nationalism, and the Scapegoating of Mental Illness. In the wake of two mass ... the easy scapegoating of people with mental illness, and the growing tide of white nationalism that is being cheered on from ...

https://www.americanprogress.org/article/gun-violence-white-nationalism-scapegoating-mental-illness/

Individual Differences in the Biological Embedding of Developmental Origins of Health and Illness in Syrian Refugee Children. ... RefugeeBioEmbed will seek answers about how early life experiences influence health and illness later in life. It will ... factors that affect refugee mental health which may lead to individualised interventions to forestall and treat mental illness ...

https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/228687/en

Severe Mental Illnesses and Severe Emotional Disturbance (MI/SED) Summary and Comparison of Costs. On September 10, 2015 HB ... Severe Mental Illnesses and Severe Emotional Disturbance (MI/SED) Summary and Comparison of Costs. On September 10, 2015 HB ... Developmental Disabilities Community Costs For FY17. Program. Projected Average Annual Cost. Childrens Residential Waiver - ... Information on comparative costs is shown for each division below.. Developmental Disabilities Summary and Comparison of Costs ...

https://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=61131

... are we simply expanding the criteria for mental illness so that nearly everyone has one? And what about the drugs that are now ... It seems that Americans are in the midst of a raging epidemic of mental illness, at least as judged by the increase in the ... the mainstay of treatment? Do they work? If they do, shouldnt we expect the prevalence of mental illness to be declining, not ... The True Cost of Vaccine Studies Can challenge trials be done ethically? ...

https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/06/23/epidemic-mental-illness-why/

Unit cost, R$. No. units. Cost, R$. Unit cost, R$. No. units. Cost, R$. ... Cost-effectiveness of Sick Leave Policies for Health Care Workers with Influenza-like Illness, Brazil, 2009 Nancy Val y Val P. ... Cost-effectiveness of Sick Leave Policies for Health Care Workers with Influenza-like Illness, Brazil, 2009. ... Costs associated with HCW absenteeism during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak, by type of sick leave policy, Hospital das ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/8/10-1546-t5.htm

Outbreaks happen regularly , and E. coli is just one of many agents that transmit foodborne illness - others include salmonella and listeria . (seniorwomen.com)
While food safety measures like washing produce and cooking meat and eggs all the way through can remove or kill bacteria and mitigate some of the risk of foodborne illness, these methods aren't foolproof. (seniorwomen.com)
Other research provides worldwide estimates of which foods most commonly cause foodborne illness. (seniorwomen.com)
Elsewhere, the internet provides forums for crowdsourcing foodborne illness reports , and scholars are using platforms not dedicated to the purpose, like Twitter and Yelp, to identify outbreaks. (seniorwomen.com)
a Yelp-based system that monitors restaurant reviews has identified 10 outbreaks and nearly 9,000 complaints of foodborne illness in New York City over five years. (seniorwomen.com)
A brush with foodborne illness, or the mere threat of illness, is often enough to put people off the offending item for some time. (seniorwomen.com)
Robert Scharff's study, "State Estimates for the Annual Cost of Foodborne Illness," provides both conservative cost estimates - following the model typically used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture - as well as higher estimates that include loss of quality of life, which is the model used by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (osu.edu)
Posted by Martha Filipic at 7:47pm March 10, 2016 Posted in Enhancing agriculture and agribusinesses , Strengthening families and communities , Uncategorized and tagged cost of foodborne illness , food safety . (osu.edu)

It cost Texans $1.6 billion a year to cover Medicaid costs for smoking-related illnesses, according to 2004 data compiled by the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids . (mysanantonio.com)
The figures for treating smoking related illnesses are calculated by Public Health England as part of their Tobacco Control Plan. (contractoruk.com)

Workers and taxpayers writ large are shouldering the costs of workplace injuries and illnesses, as the changing nature of work leaves states and employers with increasingly less liability, according to a report released today by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (publicintegrity.org)
Most of the costs of injuries and illnesses are borne by workers themselves, according to the report. (publicintegrity.org)
By forcing the costs of injury and illness onto workers, their families and the taxpayer, unsafe employers have fewer incentives to eliminate workplace hazards and actually prevent injuries and illnesses from occurring," the report says. (publicintegrity.org)
One of the actions was to encourage earlier reporting of these injuries/illnesses. (taproot.com)
Recent labor economics studies in the United States and Canada have demonstrated that occupational injuries and illnesses often lead to substantial lost earnings for work ers and their families. (cdc.gov)
This article uses evidence from these and other studies of apparently different situations to draw inferences about how managers' actions and public policy choices can affect the costs of occupational injuries and illnesses. (cdc.gov)
Although primary prevention remains the policy of choice, reduction in the impact of work place injuries and illnesses can decrease the costs of these events and can provide substantial benefits. (cdc.gov)
b) Work ers' losses may be substantially reduced by policies that encourage employers to rehire people recovering from or disabled by work place injuries and illnesses. (cdc.gov)
This Technical Guide reviews the Fatalities Cost in Mining web app, including its development and how it can be used to estimate the economic burden of fatal mining injuries. (cdc.gov)
For this work, the Accident/Injury/Illness data files for 2008 through 2017 were combined and only fatal injuries were selected. (cdc.gov)
Workplace illness and injuries carry significant costs, both financial and reputational. (britsafe.org)
Proactive compliance resources to help healthcare employers identify and address the unique hazards and reduce costs associated with workplace injuries and illnesses. (jjkeller.com)

As many as 97 percent of work-related illnesses go uncompensated because symptoms are often linked to workplace exposures long after employment ends, if they are linked at all. (publicintegrity.org)
Good mental health and controlling the symptoms of mental illness are especially important when learning to manage diabetes. (sane.org)
Commanders, small unit leaders, training cadre, and supporting medical personnel must ensure that the military members whom they supervise and support are informed about the risks, preventive countermeasures, early signs and symptoms, and first-responder actions related to heat illnesses. (health.mil)
We conducted a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study using a societal perspective to investigate the cost-of-illness of subclinical depressive symptoms among adolescents. (eur.nl)
Methods: Using a bottom-up approach, cost questionnaires were assessed to measure costs from 237 Dutch families with an adolescent aged 11-18 with subclinical depressive symptoms (of which 34 met the criteria of a depressive disorder). (eur.nl)
Results: Our calculations show that adolescents with subclinical depressive symptoms cost the Dutch society more than €42 million annually, expressed in costs related to depressive symptoms. (eur.nl)
Using an international prevalence rate, societal costs related to depressive symptoms resulted in €54 million a year. (eur.nl)
Conclusions: Cost-effective prevention programmes seem warranted given the high societal costs and risk of future costs as subclinical depressive symptoms could be a precursor of clinical depression later in life. (eur.nl)
data were collected on the cost of pre- diagnosed period from the beginning of TB symptoms till the date of diagnosis. (who.int)
However, an illness generally has more obvious signs or symptoms that we can see. (mich-web.com)
s in the QUAN phase, the average age of 50.58 years old was obtained and a predominance of symptoms of illness in the muscular, endocrine, and urinary systems. (bvsalud.org)

Cost of illness analysis provides decision makers information on the economic burden of a disease or condition, which offers a sense of how big a problem is. (cdc.gov)
This state of physical inactivity and associated chronic illnesses is a public health concern, as well as an economic burden. (skihood.com)
Closing the gap : the burden of unnecessary illness , documentation and intervention strategies resulting from the Health Policy Consultation of the Carter Center of Emory University, November 26-28, 1984, Atlanta, Georgia / edited by Robert W. Amler, H. Bruce Dull. (who.int)
They estimated that the annual economic burden of healthcare costs from cardiometabolic diseases adds up to about $300 per person or $50 billion nationally. (yahoo.com)
However, additional information on the burden of mental disorders (covering economic costs and disability) serves to emphasise their seriousness. (aifs.gov.au)
This wide-ranging national burden imposed by occupational fatalities consists of numerous areas of personal and public life that can include social costs, organizational costs, and even intangible personal costs which can include suffering and grief. (cdc.gov)

The average societal cost was US$ 154.47 per typhoid episode. (who.int)
The Fatalities Cost in Mining web application, developed by the NIOSH Mining Program, uses an adapted version of a well-known cost-of-injury methodology to estimate the societal cost of an individual fatality based on key characteristics of the fatally injured miner. (cdc.gov)
For example, from 2008 through 2017 there were 404 fatal accidents with a median cost of $1.42 million per fatality and a total societal cost of $554.16 million. (cdc.gov)
It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS , the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care. (bvsalud.org)

E. coli , a bacteria commonly transmitted through food or water that can cause serious illness. (seniorwomen.com)
Critical illness cover protects you when you are diagnosed with a serious illness such as cancer, or suffer a heart attack or stroke. (moneysupermarket.com)
Influenza is a serious illness, and can be particularly burdensome on children, who are most likely to become infected with this contagious disease. (cdc.gov)

You can find out more on the financial impact of terminal illness by reading Marie Curie's report on the cost of dying in the UK. (natwest.com)
60% of people living with terminal illness rely on benefits as their main source of income. (natwest.com)
The total cost of living with a terminal illness in the UK can be between £12,000 and £16,000 per year, according to research by Marie Curie. (natwest.com)
We've listed out some ways to get help with day to day costs of living with a terminal illness. (natwest.com)
Some riders, including the long-term care and terminal illness accelerated death benefits, are available without adding to your premium. (investopedia.com)
My goal here is to tell stories of real individuals, battling poverty and terminal illness in the Bay Area. (paloaltoonline.com)
The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from a terminal illness to a chronic, managable disease with a life expectancy approaching that of the general population. (medscape.com)

He is the author of Healing: Our Path from Mental Illness to Mental Health (Penguin Random House, 2022). (commonwealthclub.org)
In 2022, researchers supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) conducted a health care spending analysis that recognized the hefty medical costs of living with sickle cell disease. (medlineplus.gov)

Consisting of life and critical illness protection, the insurance and takaful offerings are available to EPF members with immediate effect, he said. (thestar.com.my)
Our Critical Illness coverage rates are based on your average daily outstanding balance during the billing period, your age, type of coverage (Life or Life and Critical Illness) and type of coverage (single, joint, multiple coverage). (scotiabank.com)

Previous studies have shown that individuals with mental illness comorbidity use hospital and emergency medical services at a high rate and often have higher medical costs compared to those without mental illness. (davidgratzer.com)

According to a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, in 2015, 902 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported , which encompassed over 15,000 illnesses, 950 hospitalizations and 15 deaths. (seniorwomen.com)
Over 2008-2017, the costs from 404 premature deaths exceeded $554 million, which can provide motivation to reduce the severe toll of occupational fatalities on our nation's workers, institutions, and communities. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that in 2013, antibiotic resistance threats caused more that 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths in the United States and that in 2011, those threats were responsible for an estimated $20 million in excess health care costs, 8 million additional hospital days, and $35 million in societal costs. (cdc.gov)
Very early on in the pandemic, YouTube censored two doctors from California who suggested that by constantly sanitizing and isolating ourselves we are allowing our immune systems to weaken to a point where Covid deaths may actually increase while spousal abuse, drug addiction, mental illness and suicide spike. (blacklistednews.com)
Apart from the obvious difficulty getting accurate figures what the NHS spends on 'smoking related illness' (remember how many different ways we had to count Covid deaths), even if tax is more than NHS expenditure, that doesn't mean all that tax take goes to the NHS. (contractoruk.com)

The OSHA report, "Adding Inequality to Injury: The Costs of Failing to Protect Workers on the Job," notes that employer-provided workers' compensation insurance benefits cover only 21 percent of the actual costs of a workplace injury or illness, including lost wages, medical expenses and rehabilitation. (publicintegrity.org)

THURSDAY, Sept. 26, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- The number of confirmed or suspected severe lung illnesses linked to vaping has now climbed to 805 cases across 46 states and the Virgin Islands, U.S. health officials reported Thursday. (healthday.com)
Also, these critical illnesses carry additional risks of inducing other critical illnesses like kidney failure, lung damage, etc. (policybazaar.com)
Set of 6 digital ads featuring Tips® participant Becky, who suffers from COPD, with message "Cigarette smoking makes lung illnesses worse. (cdc.gov)

3 Lack of routine dental care can also delay diagnosis of conditions, which can lead to potentially preventable complications, high-cost emergency department visits, and adverse outcomes. (kff.org)

AUSTIN - Lawmakers are prepared to suspend the state's smoking prevention program because of budget problems, despite estimates that smoking-related diseases cost Texas at least $1.6 billion a year in Medicaid payments alone. (mysanantonio.com)
Also: allowing people who buy health insurance for themselves to deduct the costs from their taxes would not do much for the people who need health insurance the most: low-income people who make enough not to qualify for Medicaid. (blogs.com)
Health care costs vary and could be higher for those using Medicaid or Medicare and for those who don't have health insurance. (medlineplus.gov)

He suffered a catastrophic illness in 1982 but won't talk about it. (chicagobusiness.com)
Catastrophic plans offer benefits for basic services and major illness or injury. (medlineplus.gov)
The post-2015 strategy aims for `no affected families facing catastrophic costs due to TB' by 2025. (who.int)
Measuring TB catastrophic cost could be useful overall indicator of equality in advancing towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). (who.int)
Many studies were done in Africa and Asia to assess the catastrophic cost of TB on patients and households. (who.int)
In Egypt, there were no published studies that have estimated the total catastrophic costs of TB diagnosis and management on patients and households. (who.int)
Also, the results may direct and guide the policy makers to concentrate on the significant determinants associated with the catastrophic cost. (who.int)

Oregonians' participation in outdoor recreation activities saves the state $1.4 billion annually in health care costs, according to a report released by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. (skihood.com)
And the Cost of Illness savings is between $11 million and $37 million annually. (skihood.com)
WOOSTER, Ohio - Foodborne illnesses cost the country an estimated $152 billion annually in the form of medical bills, time off from work and a reduced quality of life, according to a study released today (March 3). (farmanddairy.com)
The value of the cover can be tailored to suit your personal needs.Don't forget choosing fully comprehensive cover and paying annually can bring costs down. (moneysupermarket.com)
The Accident/Injury/Illness data files and the Address/Employment data files are released annually to the public on the MSHA web site. (cdc.gov)

This was even higher than expected, but the early reporting of ergonomic illnesses helped us reduce the illness's severity. (taproot.com)

Nationally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates the death toll each year at 5,000 and 325,000 hospitalizations, with approximately 76 million new cases of food-related illness occurring in the U.S. each year. (farmanddairy.com)

ARLINGTON, Va. , April 25, 2011 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Distributors of specialty pharmaceuticals for patients suffering from cancers, orphan diseases and other serious illnesses save the healthcare industry billions of dollars a year by using efficient and extensive measures to ensure their safe delivery, according to a new research report released today by the Center for Healthcare Supply Chain Research, the research foundation of the Healthcare Distribution Management Association (HDMA). (prnewswire.com)
These diseases typically are associated with high rates of illness and substantial societal and economic cost but relatively low rates of death in otherwise healthy persons. (cdc.gov)
Sexually transmitted diseases include a sexually transmitted illness, commonly called an STI. (mich-web.com)
Dr. Aji Joffe, a specialist in pediatric infectious diseases at the Stollery Children's Hospital and Clinical Professor at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Alberta, argues in a recent cost-benefit study on the implications of government imposed lock downs that they cause collateral damage at least ten times greater than than that of the virus itself. (blacklistednews.com)

a report to the Governor and the General Assembly regarding the extent to which children with developmental disabilities, severe mental illness, severe emotional disorders, or more than one of these disabilities, and who are currently being provided services in an institution, could otherwise be served in less-restrictive community or home-based setting for the same or for a lower cost. (il.us)
As a result, the Illinois Department of Human Services, Division of Mental Health does not have any information on children with a diagnosis of a severe mental illness or severe emotional disorders, who are currently being provided services in an institution. (il.us)

For E. coli alone, 39 percent of outbreaks and 54 percent of illnesses were linked to FDA-regulated food items. (farmanddairy.com)
That report, in part, looked at a number of well-researched outbreaks to perform a cost-benefit analysis of using traceability systems. (foodsafetynews.com)

The focus is on monetary costs of fatal occupational injury, which largely consist of lost wages and benefits, but also includes the direct costs of medical care and the indirect costs of the decedent's household production. (cdc.gov)

Do I need critical illness insurance? (moneysupermarket.com)
When working out how much cover you need on a critical illness insurance policy, you need to consider the level of financial support you and your dependants would require if you weren't able to earn an income due to your illness. (moneysupermarket.com)
Are Critical Illness Riders better than Critical Illness Insurance Cover? (policybazaar.com)
On the other hand, critical illness insurance come with wider coverage. (policybazaar.com)
Let's dive into the discussion and weigh in the different factors that may tilt the balance towards Critical Illness Rider or buy Critical Illness Insurance as the better choice. (policybazaar.com)
Critical Illness Insurance policy offers more flexibility and leverage when it comes to the sum insured and the duration of the policy. (policybazaar.com)
Hence, if there is a requirement to get a higher amount insured for critical illnesses, it is better to go with a standalone Critical Illness Insurance policy. (policybazaar.com)
Critical illness insurance can pay for expenses that are not covered by a traditional insurance policy. (policybazaar.com)
On the other hand, the best term insurance plan with a critical illness rider is not as flexible as the Critical Illness Insurance policy regarding the sum insured and the duration. (policybazaar.com)
The best term insurance plan with a critical illness rider is much more affordable than a standalone Critical Illness Insurance. (policybazaar.com)
The standalone Critical Illness Insurance works on a different principle, where you can choose a higher premium compared to rider cover. (policybazaar.com)
The standalone Critical Illness Insurance is equipped with multiple critical illnesses coverage. (policybazaar.com)
In addition to our health plans, we offer dental, vision and life & disability insurance coverage, plus options like hospital, accident and critical illness insurance. (toledochamber.com)

If authorized, it would be the first vaccine on the market to help protect young infants from the common but potentially life-threatening respiratory illness. (ksn.com)
Influenza, commonly known as "flu", is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses. (thehimalayantimes.com)

Join us as Insel urges that we reframe our approach to mental illness, recognizing that the problem is medical but the solutions are social, environmental and political. (commonwealthclub.org)

The media does not always clearly explain interactions where the police use deadly force, especially in situations involving people with developmental disabilities and mental illness. (nami.org)

Is the prevalence of mental illness really that high and still climbing? (nybooks.com)
If they do, shouldn't we expect the prevalence of mental illness to be declining, not rising? (nybooks.com)
This paper will give a brief overview of mental health problems, including types and prevalence, causes of mental illness, and family-related risk and protective factors. (aifs.gov.au)

This analysis demonstrates again the magnitude of risks of heat illnesses among active component service members and the enhanced risks associated with sex age, location of assignment, and occupational categories. (health.mil)

According to the Environmental Defense Fund, these disasters have a significant financial impact on economies big and small, both in costs to repair damages, rising healthcare costs, increased food prices and destruction of property. (yahoo.com)
Researchers calculated healthcare costs of treating the illnesses associated with a meat-heavy diet as well as indirect costs of unpaid care from family and friends who miss work to engage in caregiving. (yahoo.com)
Between making your visits to practitioners affordable, to getting the best deals on prescriptions, explore three strategies for keeping your healthcare costs as low as possible. (insidecatholic.com)

It is commonly recognized that there are costs involved with fatal injury to workers. (cdc.gov)
There are four types of influenza viruses called A, B, C and D. Of these, flu A and B are commonly known to cause human illnesses and large epidemics in almost every season. (thehimalayantimes.com)

Another wrinkle - though most foodborne illnesses run their course after a few miserable days, more serious infections might require treatment with antibiotics. (seniorwomen.com)
There is increasing literature on the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of ARDS, and despite its high costs, treatment remains a cost-effective intervention by current societal standards. (duke.edu)
However, when ARDS leads to prolonged mechanical ventilation, treatment becomes less cost-effective. (duke.edu)
Direct costs covered treatment, travel, and meals. (who.int)
The mean cost for treatment alone during hospital care was US$ 21.97 at 2010 prices (US$ 1=1,430.50 Tanzanian Shilling─TSH). (who.int)
The shift from "talk therapy" to drugs as the dominant mode of treatment coincides with the emergence over the past four decades of the theory that mental illness is caused primarily by chemical imbalances in the brain that can be corrected by specific drugs. (nybooks.com)
They come at the questions from different backgrounds-Irving Kirsch is a psychologist at the University of Hull in the UK, Robert Whitaker a journalist and previously the author of a history of the treatment of mental illness called Mad in America (2001), and Daniel Carlat a psychiatrist who practices in a Boston suburb and publishes a newsletter and blog about his profession. (nybooks.com)
Veterinarians in growing numbers have begun using ultrasound to diagnose illnesses and chart a course of treatment - often at less risk and suffering to the cats and less cost to their owners. (petplace.com)
By addressing barriers and reasons for delay to timely diagnosis and treatment by the National TB Program (NTP), costs to TB patients, particularly among the poor, can be effectively reduced [1]. (who.int)
The second interview was held after two months (visit 2) which reflect the cost of treatment (direct and indirect) during the past two months (intensive phase). (who.int)
Critical illness rider with a term insurance policy comes in handy in covering the additional costs arising out of a treatment of critical illness. (policybazaar.com)
Moreover, After the critical illness treatment is completed and the fixed insured sum is released, the critical illness rider policy will automatically terminate. (policybazaar.com)
For example, one study he cites found that AIDS "treatment costs per patient fell by nearly $300 per month after introduction of the first cocktail in 1997, despite the increase in drug costs. (heartland.org)
Our plans are designed to help you follow your vet's recommendations and get the right treatment for your pet, regardless of the cost. (aspcapetinsurance.com)
Docs should be discussing not only the treatment options, but also how much they might cost, whether they're covered, and if they add any value to the equation. (hhnmag.com)
You will continue to learn about the most common substances used by adults, concurrent disorders (substance use and mental illness), medication, treatment options, and an overview of services offered by Fraser Health and by Community Partners. (fraserhealth.ca)
Reducing the volume of people needing treatment for smoking illnesses would effectively increase hospital capacity hugely. (contractoruk.com)
With limited treatment therapies available, the costs of living with sickle cell disease remains high. (medlineplus.gov)
The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE . (bvsalud.org)
Introduction: Tuberculosis is historically associated with poverty, generating costs that can influence treatment. (bvsalud.org)

Cost of illness analysis is a way of measuring medical and other costs resulting from a speci﫿c disease or condition. (cdc.gov)
For example, heart disease in the United States external icon costs more than $321 billion each year-$193 billion in direct medical costs and $128 billion in lost productivity from early death. (cdc.gov)
Non-medical costs , such as travel costs for obtaining care and related childcare costs. (cdc.gov)
Costs fluctuate between states for a variety of reasons, including population, cost of medical care, climate and other factors, Scharff said. (osu.edu)
Critical illness cover is a form of insurance that pays out a tax-free lump sum if you're diagnosed with a serious medical condition. (moneysupermarket.com)
It's designed to help you deal with the financial implications of your illness, such as having to pay medical bills or adapt your home to your changing needs. (moneysupermarket.com)
According to Pfizer's news release, the vaccine reduced the rate of severe illness in infants that required medical attention by 81.8 percent through the first 90 days of life. (ksn.com)
Rising co-payments for medications and private medical consultations, poorly subsidised health support (e.g. home oxygen), non-health logistics (e.g. transport) and eligibility barriers for existing social support are making chronic illness management seriously economically stressful, especially for those with low incomes, including the retired. (nih.gov)
This will also lead to increased medical costs for Malaysians," he said. (thestar.com.my)
The percentage of all families that did not get needed medical care because of cost in the past 12 months decreased from 12.1% in 2013 to 9.7% 2018. (cdc.gov)
In 2013 and 2018, the percentage of families that did not get needed medical care because of cost was lowest among the not poor. (cdc.gov)
To our knowledge, however, the actual rate of mental illness and addiction among high-costing users (HCUs) of medical services has not been quantified on a population level. (davidgratzer.com)
The cost of a flu shot can range from $0-$40 depending on the child's medical plan. (cdc.gov)
The Vaccine study estimated medical costs, which can include the cost of diagnostic testing, medications, room fees and supplies and physician services. (cdc.gov)
Unsurprisingly, medical costs were the highest for parents of hospitalized children and those treated in emergency rooms, with parents of children hospitalized with flu spending a whopping average of $3,990 in medical costs, while those with children treated in emergency rooms spent around $730. (cdc.gov)
Though other studies have looked at medical costs associated with flu illness in children, CDC's study is the first to also consider influenza-related indirect costs (e.g., time lost from work to care for children, take them to medical visits, and time spent in hospitals for parents of hospitalized children) and out-of-pocket expenses (e.g., co-payments, over-the-counter medication and travel costs). (cdc.gov)
Interestingly, the study also notes that there were no significant differences in the medical costs of hospitalized children who had conditions that put them at higher risk for flu complications -meaning parents of children who don't have flu risk factors can still expect to pay similar costs of parents of high-risk children. (cdc.gov)
Prior studies, which did not include indirect and out-of-pocket costs along with medical costs, underestimate the economic impact of treating flu illness in children. (cdc.gov)
In its recently released report, entitled HFS Highlight: Capgemini developed a series of smart healthcare offerings to address the sector's biggest pain-points post the pandemic shock , HFS applauded Capgemini's innovative healthcare payer solutions developed to reduce the cost of care, provide real-time medical management, enable digital care, and drive better patient access and healthcare transparency, while staying ahead of sector's new regulatory requirements. (capgemini.com)
Money placed into tobacco prevention programs is a drop in the bucket compared to the savings that eventually would be realized in health care costs," said Dr. Susan Bailey , president of the Texas Medical Association. (mysanantonio.com)
And two-thirds of adults are either overweight or obese , which can also lead to chronic illness and additional medical spending. (aarp.org)
The chamber partners with Medical Mutual and COSE to offer the MEWA to small business owners and their employees to help with the increasing cost of healthcare benefits. (toledochamber.com)
In addition, your rate will be determined by expanded criteria including medical history and gender to allow us to better tailor the costs to the unique characteristics of your group. (toledochamber.com)
The Foundation also funds medical research in the areas of diabetes, heart disease, vision/eye problems and childhood illnesses. (ellafitzgerald.com)
One nonprofit, Boston-based Costs of Care , is looking to stem those trends, through advocacy, along with educating and supporting clinicians in "deflating" medical bills. (hhnmag.com)

The user can select fatality characteristics (demographics, incident, employer, etc.) and reporting year (2008-2017 currently available) to generate a report and view the average societal costs per fatality as well as the total cost for all fatalities matching the criteria. (cdc.gov)

The school district carries insurance to cover the cost of work-incurred injury or illness. (goddardusd.com)

The total societal costs related to physical problems amounted to approximately €126 million. (eur.nl)

Global systematic review of cost of illness and economic evaluation studies associated with snakebite. (bvsalud.org)
Cost-of-illness studies of depression: A systematic review. (bvsalud.org)

Results of search for 'su:{Cost of illness. (who.int)

5 years old with lab-confirmed influenza who were (1) hospitalized due to flu illness, (2) treated in emergency departments, or (3) treated in outpatient settings during the 2003-2004 influenza season. (cdc.gov)
CDC's new study improves research in estimated costs associated with treating influenza in children. (cdc.gov)
Foodborne illnesses and seasonal influenza are notable examples. (cdc.gov)
People with influenza like illness (ILI) must go through laboratory testing for the confirmation of virus. (thehimalayantimes.com)

The report, Health Benefits for Oregonians from their Outdoor Recreation Participation in Oregon , calculates how much energy people expend when engaging in outdoor recreation, and the corresponding reduction in costs related to chronic illnesses such as heart disease, stroke, depression, dementia, diabetes and several cancers. (skihood.com)
However, diabetes is more common among people living with a mental illness. (sane.org)
Most people know someone with diabetes, but it doesn't mean they know what's best for you to do, or anything about your mental illness. (sane.org)
She says people aren't shy about blaming patients because they connect the illness with smoking. (chicagobusiness.com)
This week, Daniella is joined by two CAP colleagues-Chelsea Parsons, vice president for Gun Violence Prevention, and Rebecca Cokley, director of the Disability Justice Initiative-to try and make sense of the all-too-familiar violence, the easy scapegoating of people with mental illness, and the growing tide of white nationalism that is being cheered on from the Oval Office. (americanprogress.org)
If people in the U.S. continued to eat meat at the same level of consumption rather than shifting to more moderate or plant-based diets, it would cost the U.S. between $197 billion and $289 billion each year, and the global economy as much as $1.6 trillion by 2050. (yahoo.com)
Recently, I have noticed increased media coverage of incidents involving law enforcement and people with mental illness. (nami.org)
However, one incident in particular had me questioning law enforcement's response to situations involving people with developmental disorders and mental illness. (nami.org)
and Bill Cassidy (R-La.) on Wednesday introduced a bill that would allow people enrolled in the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) to choose their prescription drug plan under Medicare Part D and save more in monthly medication costs. (dcnewsnow.com)
I specialize in helping people cope with invisible stressors, like chronic illness , substance use, mood and anxiety issues, self-esteem, and parenting and family dynamics. (psychologytoday.com)
Poor people have longer pathways to care and costs of accessing care are generally higher before than after diagnosis [2]. (who.int)
Unfortunately, simple mistakes can cost the public's trust, leading people away from public health recommendations and risking their safety. (cdc.gov)
According to the Centers for Illness Control and Avoidance (CDC), 68 million people were living with sexually sent infections (STIs) in the United States in 2018. (mich-web.com)
President Bush intends to use his State of the Union address Tuesday to tackle the rising cost of health care with a one-two punch: tax breaks to help low-income people buy health insurance and tax increases for some workers whose health plans cost significantly more than the national average. (blogs.com)
Hundreds of people around the country report illnesses and face interviews with investigators asking them to recall several weeks of meal histories. (foodsafetynews.com)
Investigators might have ruled out tomatoes and moved on to jalapeños faster if suppliers had implemented better functioning traceability systems, saving more people from illness, Waldrop said. (foodsafetynews.com)
While people who have sickle cell disease are physically affected, this illness is also a financial strain. (medlineplus.gov)
The study also found that much of these costs peak between the ages of 13 and 24, a time when many people with sickle cell disease are transitioning from pediatric to adult care. (medlineplus.gov)

Heat illness refers to a group of disorders that occur when the elevation of core body temperature surpasses the compensatory limits of thermoregulation. (health.mil)
The second paper, which draws on US data, calculates the cost of treating mental health disorders compared to other disorders. (davidgratzer.com)

1 Heat illness is the result of environmental heat stress and/or exertion and represents a set of conditions that exist along a continuum from less severe (heat exhaustion) to potentially life threatening (heat stroke). (health.mil)
Heat stroke is a debilitating illness characterized clinically by severe hyperthermia (i.e., a core body temperature of 104 ºF/40 ºC or greater), profound central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., delirium, seizures, or coma), and additional organ and tissue damage. (health.mil)
In cases of critical illnesses such as cancer and stroke, the chances of getting hospitalised is high. (policybazaar.com)
Sickle cell disease is a lifelong illness that can lead to stroke, eye problems, infections, and episodes of extreme discomfort called "pain crises. (medlineplus.gov)

They provide lifesaving medicines to many of society's most vulnerable patients, and they do it with exceptional skill and quality that lowers the cost of healthcare," said Karen J. Ribler , Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Center for Healthcare Supply Chain Research. (prnewswire.com)
Productivity costs were loss of income by patients and caregivers. (who.int)
The costs associated with living with COPD make it difficult for patients and their families to afford necessary living expenses while also paying health care expenses. (nih.gov)
Most cost of illness studies (82.61%) were done using hospital -based data of snakebite patients . (bvsalud.org)
A population-based cohort study in 2,680 patients, of whom 1,328 underwent sacral neuromodulation and 1,352 received onabotulinumtoxinA, found that the cost of sacral neuromodulation implantation was significantly higher than that of onabotulinumtoxinA injection, but the complication rate was lower. (medscape.com)
For emergency room patients, costs were higher for children younger than 2 ($935) compared with children between 2 and 5 years old ($502). (cdc.gov)
Detection in the 1970s of a related orthopoxvirus that causes monkeypox, a similar but milder illness in humans that can be fatal in up to 10 percent of patients, raised concerns that this virus may replace the ecologic and immunologic niche created by the eradication of smallpox. (cdc.gov)
4. We get tax breaks on buying health insurance - and the cost to patients of seeking care is often low. (aarp.org)
Experts on an IHI panel say that it is time to "change the conversation" and clue patients in to the total cost of care options. (hhnmag.com)
Hospital leaders and their staffs can start these efforts by asking themselves a couple of key questions: Are clinicians prepared to discuss out-of-pocket costs with their patients? (hhnmag.com)
Nurses are on the front lines and spend the most time interacting with patients, noted September Wallingford, R.N., director of nursing advocacy at Costs of Care, and a practicing nurse at Brigham and Women's Hospital, in Boston. (hhnmag.com)
In 1882 a large extension was built on the men's side, accommodating 200 patients, and costing when furnished $76,000. (asylumprojects.org)
In 1883 and 1884 a similar wing was built on the west side for women, costing when furnished $83,000, thus completing the original design of the main structure, with a capacity for 600 patients. (asylumprojects.org)
Social support enhances QOL of patients with chronic illnesses. (bvsalud.org)

Written by Ohio State University's Robert Scharff, an assistant professor in consumer sciences and a researcher at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the study calculates national and state-by-state costs associated with illnesses and the pathogens that cause them. (farmanddairy.com)
In other states, such costs range from just $181 million all the way to $12 billion, according to a 2015 study by Robert Scharff, economist with the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. (osu.edu)
Scharff's Journal of Food Protection study is a first-of-its-kind economic analysis designed to offer public health authorities detailed information to help evaluate the cost-effectiveness of food-safety education efforts and how best to prioritize resources. (osu.edu)
This study was an incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis from a societal perspective. (who.int)
This study aimed to systematically identify studies on cost of illness and economic evaluation associated with snakebites , summarize study findings, and evaluate their methods to provide recommendations for future studies. (bvsalud.org)
Only one study (4.35%) undertook incidence -based approach to estimate lifetime costs . (bvsalud.org)
In addition to chronic health conditions that are worsened by meat-heavy diets, the cost of foodborne illnesses linked to poultry and meat run up a steep bill every year, according to a 2020 study in the Journal of Food Protection. (yahoo.com)
This study focuses on China's Mental Illness Drugs industry assessments and company profiles. (marketresearch.com)
Illness associated with child day care: a study of incidence and cost. (cdc.gov)
The study concluded that an annual preventive flu vaccine is well worth its relatively low price tag compared to the costs associated with treating flu illness. (cdc.gov)

These systems all cut inventory and distribution costs by shortening transit times and reducing loads and paperwork errors. (prnewswire.com)
Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.) and Susan Collins (R-Maine) earlier this year aimed at reducing insulin costs could potentially move forward before the next Congress is sworn in next year. (dcnewsnow.com)

By applying advanced interdisciplinary methods in genetics, endocrinology, psychology, and behavior, RefugeeBioEmbed will seek answers about how early life experiences influence health and illness later in life. (europa.eu)

Cost of illness analysis may include direct costs, productivity losses, and intangible costs of a disease or injury. (cdc.gov)
Cost of illness was the sum of direct costs and costs for productivity loss. (who.int)
To accurately capture the economic burdens of snakebites at both the global and local level, hospital data should be collected along with community survey and economic burdens of snakebites should be estimated both in short-term and long-term period to incorporate the lifetime costs and productivity loss due to premature death , disability, and consequences of snakebites . (bvsalud.org)

Costs were presented in US dollars (US$) in 2018. (bvsalud.org)

Five studies (21.74%) used societal perspective estimating both direct and indirect costs . (bvsalud.org)

Cost and health care utilization in ARDS--different from other critical illness? (duke.edu)
Costs of care in the intensive care unit are a frequent target for concern in the current health care system. (duke.edu)
Early discharge to post-acute care facilities can reduce hospital costs but are unlikely to decrease costs for an entire episode of illness. (duke.edu)
The investment can make performing ultrasound more expensive than doing an X-ray, but the expense can be more than offset by reduced costs for surgery and other forms of care. (petplace.com)
Many everyday illnesses can be dealt with using 'self-care', under the right advice. (thehrdirector.com)
In the first, the authors consider mental illness and high-use consumers of health care. (davidgratzer.com)
Consequently, and following on recommendations made in other jurisdictions, policy and intervention initiatives in Ontario are shifting to target the highest users of health care resources in an attempt to contain and reduce growing costs. (davidgratzer.com)
Mental illness and physical health problems, however, often co-occur with negative implications for health care utilization and outcomes. (davidgratzer.com)
Canada's single payer system) may not be so obvious when the population is relatively young and the demand for care is low, but as the population ages and require more and even more care, the cost rises and the flaws in the system become painfully obvious (figuratively and literally). (theyeshivaworld.com)
New efforts in the federal health law and among some private insurers aim to move payments toward a flat rate for a specific condition, such as a knee replacement, or for a patient's entire episode of care, in order to streamline costs. (aarp.org)
Increasingly, however, employers are moving toward high-deductible coverage as a way to slow premium growth and require workers to pay more toward the cost of care. (aarp.org)
If you've found your personal health care costs starting to escalate, there are several effective ways to lower the amount you owe each year. (insidecatholic.com)
Additionally, most health insurance plans include preventative care visits at no cost. (insidecatholic.com)
Furthermore, when adverse effects from surgical procedures are reduced and/or eliminated, a reduction in health care costs follows. (massgeneral.org)
Limited or no dental insurance coverage can result in relatively high out-of-pocket costs for some and foregone oral health care for others. (kff.org)
The Foundation, through its donations, assists numerous organizations that provide free or low-cost health and dental care to those who have no health care coverage, as well as providing funding for organizations that provide shelter and food for those in need. (ellafitzgerald.com)
Now, with double-digit cost increases forecast for many of the plans on the exchange, perhaps it's time to finally acknowledge what is truly unsustainable: the increasingly costly and complicated patchwork of insurance coverage that passes for an American health care system. (duluthnewstribune.com)
Michele Rhee, director of strategic initiatives at both Costs of Care and the National Brain Tumor Society, recalled one instance when she, as a cancer patient, needed to be transported to a facility across the street after surgery. (hhnmag.com)
Those small decisions ended up impacting us long-term, and I ended up thinking of the cost of care as being almost a long-term side effect to the illness because we had to deal with it for so long, even after I was treated medically," she said. (hhnmag.com)
developing guidelines for the financing and organization of care that meet cost and. (bvs.br)
Profit represents the goal and allows for the cost of equipment, health care, and drug therapy, through illness. (bvsalud.org)

These costs break down even further into bacteria and their associated foods: Campylobacter in poultry ($6.9 billion), Salmonella in chicken and pork ($2.8 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively) and Toxoplasma gondii in pork ($1.9 billion). (yahoo.com)

Mental illness is enough to cope with on its own, so being told you have diabetes as well can feel overwhelming at first. (sane.org)
Getting used to a diagnosis of diabetes can take a while, and just as there is stigma around mental illness, so there can be stigma around Type 2 Diabetes. (sane.org)
When you are already taking one or more medications for your mental illness, you may feel overwhelmed by new medication for your diabetes. (sane.org)
Additionally, nearly half the U.S. population has one or more chronic conditions, among them asthma , heart disease or diabetes , which drive up costs. (aarp.org)

In this paper, they consider high-costing users and mental illness. (davidgratzer.com)
The development of low-cost ultrafiltration membranes with relatively high flow rate and selectivity is an important goal which could improve access to clean water in the developing world. (nature.com)
Despite the high costs of healthcare in dozens of countries, there are effective ways to overcome the most common expenses. (insidecatholic.com)

Occupational injury and illness meet the labor market: lessons from labor economics about lost earnings. (cdc.gov)
Costs of occupational injury and illness across states. (cdc.gov)

Cost of illness analysis provides the economic costs of an illness, injury, or risk factor. (cdc.gov)
The cost of critical illness cover will depend heavily on your age - premiums generally climb as you get older, due to the increased risk of illness. (moneysupermarket.com)
It will investigate modifiable risk and protective factors that affect refugee mental health which may lead to individualised interventions to forestall and treat mental illness among Syrian refugees as well as others. (europa.eu)
Bad communicators risk promoting harmful human behaviors that can increase injury, illness, and death. (cdc.gov)
The organization ranked risk of death as higher with anorexia than with any other mental illness. (ourbodiesourselves.org)
Do Children With Strabismus Have an Increased Risk for Mental Illness? (medscape.com)

What conditions are covered by critical illness cover? (moneysupermarket.com)
Employees working abroad need support for everyday illnesses and chronic conditions, not just major health incidents such as Covid. (thehrdirector.com)
Although the pandemic has taken the headlines recently, it's important that other illnesses and conditions are not forgotten. (thehrdirector.com)

His estimates of the economic impact of these illnesses - considered both on a nationwide and state-by-state basis - help make the case that the benefits from policies aimed at preventing food safety problems clearly outweigh costs. (osu.edu)

But overlooking the impact of everyday illnesses is a mistake, as these often result in a great deal of time off and anxiety for the employee and can impact upon the success of overseas projects for the business. (thehrdirector.com)
It is now well recognised that mental illness is a significant issue in Australia, and the impact of such problems is increasingly recognised. (aifs.gov.au)
Considering the impact of the costs of illness, the importance of adapting the instrument is highlighted. (bvsalud.org)

Organisms1

Diseases32

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment52

Psychiatry and Psychology33

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena21

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities2

Information Science11

Named Groups13

Health Care135

Geographicals23

The economic burden of asthma: direct and indirect costs in Switzerland. (1/3131)

The cost effectiveness of strategies for the treatment of intestinal parasites in immigrants. (2/3131)

Morbidity and mortality attributable to alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in Canada. (3/3131)

Ten-year trend in survival and resource utilization at a level I trauma center. (4/3131)

The cost of obesity in Canada. (5/3131)

Economic burden of blindness in India. (6/3131)

The economic value of informal caregiving. (7/3131)

Willingness to pay: a feasible method for assessing treatment benefits in epilepsy? (8/3131)

Health Care Costs

Costs and Cost Analysis

Cost of Illness

Drug Costs

Cost Control

Direct Service Costs

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost Sharing

Critical Illness

Cost Allocation

Severity of Illness Index

United States

Mental Disorders

Models, Economic

Illness Behavior

Employer Health Costs

Hospitalization

Quality-Adjusted Life Years

Chronic Disease

Retrospective Studies

Questionnaires

Influenza, Human

Infant, Newborn

Time Factors

Fever

Prospective Studies

Health Resources

Respiratory Tract Infections

Length of Stay

Foodborne Diseases

Sick Role

Treatment Outcome

Risk Factors

Mentally Ill Persons

Great Britain

Quality of Life

Acute Disease

Population Surveillance

Efficiency

Psychotic Disorders

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Attitude to Health

Stereotyping

Cohort Studies

Ambulatory Care

Prevalence

England

Bipolar Disorder

Insurance Claim Review

Comorbidity

Cross-Sectional Studies

Absenteeism

Age Factors

Health Services

Incidence

Travel

Schizophrenic Psychology

Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Patient Acceptance of Health Care

Diarrhea

Adaptation, Psychological

Catastrophic Illness

Managed Care Programs

Financing, Personal

Socioeconomic Factors

Follow-Up Studies

Seasons

Sensitivity and Specificity

Decision Trees

Primary Health Care

Health Status

Interviews as Topic

Common Cold

Intensive Care Units

Data Collection

Mental Health Services

Family Practice

Health Services Accessibility

Delivery of Health Care