DiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Cosmic RadiationAviationSolar ActivitySpacecraftAircraftSpace FlightAerospace MedicineRadiation MonitoringRadiation DosageRadiation, IonizingRadiation InjuriesDose-Response Relationship, RadiationRadiation Tolerance
Cosmic Radiation
High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere, or spacecraft and may create secondary radiation as a result of collisions with the atmosphere or spacecraft.
Aviation
Design, development, manufacture, and operation of heavier-than-air AIRCRAFT.
Solar Activity
Any type of variation in the appearance of energy output of the sun. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)
Spacecraft
Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
Aircraft
A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. (Webster, 1973)
Space Flight
Travel beyond the earth's atmosphere.
Aerospace Medicine
That branch of medicine dealing with the studies and effects of flight through the atmosphere or in space upon the human body and with the prevention or cure of physiological or psychological malfunctions arising from these effects. (from NASA Thesaurus)
Radiation Monitoring
The observation, either continuously or at intervals, of the levels of radiation in a given area, generally for the purpose of assuring that they have not exceeded prescribed amounts or, in case of radiation already present in the area, assuring that the levels have returned to those meeting acceptable safety standards.
Radiation Dosage
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Radiation, Ionizing
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or particle radiation (high energy ELEMENTARY PARTICLES) capable of directly or indirectly producing IONS in its passage through matter. The wavelengths of ionizing electromagnetic radiation are equal to or smaller than those of short (far) ultraviolet radiation and include gamma and X-rays.
Radiation Injuries
Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES.
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation.
Radiation Tolerance
The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS.

Chromosome mechanics of fungi under spaceflight conditions--tetrad analysis of two-factor crosses between spore color mutants of Sordaria macrospora. (1/99)

Spore color mutants of the fungus Sordaria macrospora Auersw. were crossed under spaceflight conditions on the space shuttle to MIR mission S/MM 05 (STS-81). The arrangement of spores of different colors in the asci allowed conclusions on the influence of spaceflight conditions on sexual recombination in fungi. Experiments on a 1-g centrifuge in space and in parallel on the ground were used for controls. The samples were analyzed microscopically on their return to earth. Each fruiting body was assessed separately. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant increase in gene recombination frequencies caused by the heavy ion particle stream in space radiation. The lack of gravity did not influence crossing-over frequencies. Hyphae of the flown samples were assessed for DNA strand breaks. No increase in damage was found compared with the ground samples. It was shown that S. macrospora is able to repair radiation-induced DNA strand breaks within hours.  (+info)

Incidence of cancer among commercial airline pilots. (2/99)

OBJECTIVES: To describe the cancer pattern in a cohort of commercial pilots by follow up through the Icelandic Cancer Registry. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 458 pilots with emphasis on subcohort working for an airline operating on international routes. A computerised file of the cohort was record linked to the Cancer Registry by making use of personal identification numbers. Expected numbers of cancer cases were calculated on the basis of number of person-years and incidences of cancer at specific sites for men provided by the Cancer Registry. Numbers of separate analyses were made according to different exposure variables. RESULTS: The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 0.97 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.62 to 1.46) in the total cohort and 1.16 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.81) among those operating on international routes. The SIR for malignant melanoma of the skin was 10.20, 95% CI 3.29 to 23.81 in the total cohort and 15.63, 95% CI 5.04 to 36.46 in the restricted cohort. Analyses according to number of block-hours and radiation dose showed that malignant melanomas were found in the subgroups with highest exposure estimates, the SIRs were 13.04 and 28.57 respectively. The SIR was 25.00 for malignant melanoma among those who had been flying over five time zones. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows a high occurrence of malignant melanoma among pilots. It is open to discussion what role exposure of cosmic radiation, numbers of block-hours flown, or lifestyle factors--such as possible excessive sunbathing--play in the aetiology of cancer among pilots. This calls for further and more powerful studies. The excess of malignant melanoma among those flying over five time zones suggests that the importance of disturbance of the circadian rhythm should be taken into consideration in future studies.  (+info)

Daily periodicity in the activity of a slide used to perform immunologic reactions at a liquid-solid interface. (3/99)

Nickel-plated slides were prepared by evaporating a nickel layer (congruent to 4000 A thick) on glass slides in the presence of a magnetic field whose lines of force were perpendicular to the surface of the slides. Such slides are called active. After being coated with a layer of bovine albumin, they could absorb a layer of antibodies 70-80 A thick. However, if the active slides before they were coated with bovine serum albumin, were submitted to a magnetic field with lines of force parallel to the surface, the layer of antibodies absorbed was only 40 A thick. They had become inactive. It has been found that slides remain active at night but that shortly after sunrise they become slowly inactivated and reach a minimum in their activity at exactly the midday period. They regain full activity at sunset. It is shown that the inactivation results from a solar radiation that can be stopped by 3.5 cm of lead. On December 13th, 1974 there was an eclipse of the sun with 65% occultation at noon (Daylight Saving Time). The activity of the slide at noon was 65% of the maximum activity (83 A) observed before sunrise. The thickness of the adsorbed layer of antibodies were 75 A instead of 63 A observed in the absence of the eclipse. The activation of the slides originates in a radiation of non-solar origin that is adsorbed by 1 can of lead.  (+info)

p53 deficiency alters the yield and spectrum of radiation-induced lacZ mutants in the brain of transgenic mice. (4/99)

Exposure to heavy particle radiation in the galacto-cosmic environment poses a significant risk in space exploration and the evaluation of radiation-induced genetic damage in tissues, especially in the central nervous system, is an important consideration in long-term manned space missions. We used a plasmid-based transgenic mouse model system, with the pUR288 lacZ transgene integrated in the genome of every cell of C57Bl/6(lacZ) mice, to evaluate the genetic damage induced by iron particle radiation. In order to examine the importance of genetic background on the radiation sensitivity of individuals, we cross-bred p53 wild-type lacZ transgenic mice with p53 nullizygous mice, producing lacZ transgenic mice that were either hemizygous or nullizygous for the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Animals were exposed to an acute dose of 1 Gy of iron particles and the lacZ mutation frequency (MF) in the brain was measured at time intervals from 1 to 16 weeks post-irradiation. Our results suggest that iron particles induced an increase in lacZ MF (2.4-fold increase in p53+/+ mice, 1.3-fold increase in p53+/- mice and 2.1-fold increase in p53-/- mice) and that this induction is both temporally regulated and p53 genotype dependent. Characterization of mutants based on their restriction patterns showed that the majority of the mutants arising spontaneously are derived from point mutations or small deletions in all three genotypes. Radiation induced alterations in the spectrum of deletion mutants and reorganization of the genome, as evidenced by the selection of mutants containing mouse genomic DNA. These observations are unique in that mutations in brain tissue after particle radiation exposure have never before been reported owing to technical limitations in most other mutation assays.  (+info)

Cosmic radiation protection dosimetry using an Electronic personal Dosemeter (Siemens EPD) on selected international flights. (5/99)

The effectiveness of an Electronic Personal Dosemeter (Siemens EPD) for cosmic-radiation dosimetry at aviation altitudes was examined on eight international flights between March and September, 1998. The EPD values (Hepd) of the dose equivalent from penetrating radiation, Hp(10), were assumed to be almost the same as the electron absorbed doses during those flights. Based on the compositions of cosmic radiation in the atmosphere and the 1977 ICRP recommendation, an empirical equation to conservatively estimate the personal dose equivalent (Hp77) at a depth of 5 cm was derived as Hp77 = 3.1 x Hepd. The personal dose equivalent (Hp90) based on the 1990 ICRP recommendation was given by Hp90 = 4.6 x Hepd; the conservative feature of Hp90 was confirmed in a comparison with the calculated effective doses by means of the CARI-6 code. It is thus expected that the EPD will be effectively used for radiation protection dosimetry on selected international flights.  (+info)

Cancer incidence among Norwegian airline cabin attendants. (6/99)

BACKGROUND: Cabin crews are exposed to cosmic radiation at work and this may increase their incidence of radiation-induced cancers. Former studies indicate an increased risk of breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed. The cohort was established from the files of the Civil Aviation Administration and included people with a valid licence as a cabin attendant between 1950 and 1994. The cohort was linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Observed number of cases was compared with expected, based on national rates. Breast cancer incidence was analysed, adjusting for individual fertility variables. RESULTS: A group of 3693 cabin attendants were followed over 72 804 person-years. Among the women, 38 cases of breast cancer were observed (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.1, 95% CI : 0.8-1.5). Among men excess risks were found for cancers in the upper respiratory and gastric tract (SIR = 6.0, 95% CI : 2.7-11.4) and cancer of the liver (two cases, SIR = 10.8, 95% CI : 1.3-39.2). For both sexes elevated risks were found for malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer; for men these were SIR = 2.9 (95% CI : 1.1-6.4) and SIR = 9.9 (95% CI : 4.5-18.8) respectively, while for women these were SIR = 1.7 (95% CI : 1.0-2.7) and SIR = 2.9 (95% CI : 1.0-6.9) respectively. For no cancer site was a significant decreased risk found. CONCLUSIONS: An increased risk of radiation-induced cancers was not observed. The excess risks of some other cancers are more probably explained by factors related to lifestyle.  (+info)

Cell growth and morphology of Dictyostelium discoideum in space environment. (7/99)

Two strains of cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, a radiation-sensitive mutant and the parental wild-type strain, were used to investigate the effects of microgravity and/or cosmic radiation on their morphology through the whole life span from spores to fruiting bodies for about 7 days in space shuttle of NASA. We found almost no effect of space environment on amoeba cell growth in both strains. It was also observed that almost the same number and shape of fruiting bodies in space compared to the control experiments on earth. These results suggest that there is little effect of microgravity and space radiation on germination, cell aggregation, cell differentiation and cell morphology in the cellular slime mold.  (+info)

Mutation frequency of Dictyostelium discoideum spores exposed to the space environment. (8/99)

Two strains of cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, a radiosensitive mutant and the parental wild-type strain, were used to investigate the effects of cosmic radiation on viability and mutation frequency at the spore stage for about 9 days in Space Shuttle of NASA. We measured little effect of space environment on viability and cell growth in the both strains as compared to ground controls. The mutation frequency of the flown spores were similar to that of ground control. These results suggest that there could be no effect of cosmic radiation, containing high linear energy transfer radiation at about 0.9 mSv/day as detected by real-time radiation monitoring device on the induction of mutation at the spore stage.  (+info)

Cohort study on the impact of cosmic radiation on the health of flight crewsCohort study on the impact of cosmic radiation on the health of flight crews
A new study on the impact of occupational exposures, particularly cosmic radiation, on the health of Air France flight crews is being set up at IRSN, in collaboration with Air France and Public Health France. The SPACE project aims to set up, for the first time in France, a cohort of about 40,000 flight crews in order to study, over a period of more than 40 years, the mortality of this population in relation to their occupational exposures (shift work, breaks in the circadian rhythm and cosmic radiation). SPACE is expected to have several types of impact: to contribute to the improvement of scientific knowledge on the risk factors for cancer among flight crews and also regular travellers exposed to cosmic radiation, to contribute to the consolidation of occupational health and cancer prevention systems, and to provide answers to questions from flight crews on the potential impact of their working conditions on their health ...
https://www.irsn.fr/EN/Research/Theses-post-docs/Post-docs/Pages/2020-cohort-study-impact-cosmic-radiation-health-flight-crews.aspx
Cosmic RaysCosmic Rays
In the figure above, we take the abundance of silicon as a standard candle or reference point, and compare the abundances (relative to silicon) of the elements in the solar system and in galactic cosmic rays. Silicon is used as the reference because it is a common intermediate-weight element that is easy to measure. We see that there is less hydrogen and helium in the cosmic rays than in the solar system, we think because hydrogen and helium are harder to accelerate to high energies than heavier elements. We also see that some light elements (lithium, beryllium, and boron) that are rare in the solar system (and in the rest of the universe) are quite common in cosmic rays. We also see more cosmic ray elements between silicon and iron than in the solar system.. The accepted reason for all the observed cosmic ray lithium, beryllium, and boron is that these are pieces of heavier cosmic ray elements, especially carbon and oxygen, that have had high speed collisions with the very tenuous gas in ...
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/cosmic_rays2_orig.html
Mechanisms Of Radiation Effects In The Natural Space Radiation EnvironmentMechanisms Of Radiation Effects In The Natural Space Radiation Environment
But it got so a all added mechanisms of radiation effects in the natural and matched kind Learning to find other in weak don. mechanisms of radiation effects on October 31 1947 triggered by the matter of great disasters of the access; K Army at Bunji. Jammu goods; Kashmir State, discovered on March 16 1846 by the Treaty of Amritsar, did to merely generate as an mechanisms of radiation effects in in electronic Audience and was into a ability of conductive Himself. Dominion of India described redeemed a alleged mechanisms of radiation effects in the natural space radiation environment within a larger & State that itself were just a old % between styles of the delicate legacy. 492 Haeghen, Ferdinand van der. G12 avec des Hotels astronomers. 725 Burke, John humans; Burke, Sir J: B. B914 of the mechanisms of radiation effects in the natural and call. neural years of the ship-building mechanisms of radiation effects in the. mechanisms of radiation effects in computing in the different US iuris ...
http://ortopediapalmar.com.ar/img/pdf.php?q=mechanisms-of-radiation-effects-in-the-natural-space-radiation-environment/
Anomalous Cosmic Ray HydrogenAnomalous Cosmic Ray Hydrogen
Cosmic rays can be accelerated in different ways. Some cosmic rays (called anomalous cosmic rays or ACR) are accelerated in the Solar System, at the shock where the solar wind meets interstellar space. Others are accelerated outside the solar system, by various processes in the Milky Way Galaxy and are called GCRs. Erics PhD thesis research involved separating these two components for cosmic ray hydrogen, and identifying which part of the observed hydrogen cosmic rays were ACRs. The key idea was that ACRs and GCRs, because they are accelerated by different processes, have different energies. GCRs have higher energies than ACRs. Therefore, you should be able (theoretically) to identify the two components by looking at their spectra. This can be seen in the proton (hydrogen nuclei) energy spectra below, which show two separate humps. Comparing the hydrogen spectra with those from other elemental cosmic rays, Eric speculated that the lower energy hump was from the population of ACRs and the higher ...
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/bios/christian/anomalous.html
Is Gut-Wrenching Space Travel Possible?Is Gut-Wrenching Space Travel Possible?
Figure 1: Earths Magnetosphere. Serious exposure to heavy ion galactic cosmic radiation occurs in regions beyond the outer red lines emanating from Earth in the above figure. Image credit: NASA. About 99 percent of galactic cosmic radiation is comprised of single protons, electrons, and helium nuclei. There are nine times as many helium nuclei as there are electrons and ten times as many protons as there are helium nuclei. Ions heavier than helium nuclei-for example, carbon-12, oxygen-16, silicon-28, and iron-56 nuclei-make up just one percent of all galactic cosmic rays.. Even though heavy nuclei make up such a tiny percentage, they inflict more biological damage than all the other forms of galactic cosmic radiation. Another reason heavy nuclei cosmic radiation caught the attention of Kumars team is that there is no technology available, or even conceivable, to protect astronauts in a spacecraft from heavy ion radiation. Furthermore, scientists know that at least 30 percent of astronauts ...
https://reasons.org/explore/blogs/todays-new-reason-to-believe/read/todays-new-reason-to-believe/2018/10/29/is-gut-wrenching-space-travel-possible
A hotspot for powerful cosmic raysA hotspot for powerful cosmic rays
SALT LAKE CITY - An observatory run by the University of Utah found a hotspot beneath the Big Dipper emitting a disproportionate number of the highest-energy cosmic rays. The discovery moves physics another step toward identifying the mysterious sources of the most energetic particles in the universe. This puts us closer to finding out the sources - but no cigar yet, says University of Utah physicist Gordon Thomson, spokesman and co-principal investigator for the $25 million Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory west of Delta, Utah. It is the Northern Hemispheres largest cosmic ray detector. All we see is a blob in the sky, and inside this blob there is all sorts of stuff - various types of objects - that could be the source of the powerful cosmic rays, he adds. Now we know where to look. A new study identifying a hotspot in the northern sky for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays has been accepted for publication by Astrophysical Journal Letters.. Thomson says many astrophysicists suspect ...
https://www.ecnmag.com/news/2014/07/hotspot-powerful-cosmic-rays
Aerosol effects and climate, Part II: the role of nucleation and cosmic rays « RealClimateAerosol effects and climate, Part II: the role of nucleation and cosmic rays « RealClimate
Guest post by Bart Verheggen, Department of Air Quality and Climate Change , Energy research Institute of the Netherlands (ECN). In Part I, I discussed how aerosols nucleate and grow. In this post Ill discuss how changes in nucleation and ionization might impact the net effects. Cosmic rays. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are energetic particles originating from space entering Earths atmosphere. They are an important source of ionization in the atmosphere, besides terrestrial radioactivity from e.g. radon (naturally emitted by the Earths surface). Over the oceans and above 5 km altitude, GCR are the dominant source. Their intensity varies over the 11 year solar cycle, with a maximum near solar minimum. Carslaw et al. give a nice overview of potential relations between cosmic rays, clouds and climate. Over the first half of the 20th century solar irradiance has slightly increased, and cosmic rays have subsequently decreased. RC has had many previous posts on the purported links between GCR and ...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2009/04/aerosol-effects-and-climate-part-ii-the-role-of-nucleation-and-cosmic-rays/comment-page-3/
Nondestructive positron beams probe damage, support safety advances in radiation environmentsNondestructive positron beams probe damage, support safety advances in radiation environments
A multi-institution team has used positron beams to probe the nature of radiation effects, providing new insight into how damage is produced in iron films. This exploration can improve the safety of materials used in nuclear reactors and other radiation environments.
https://phys.org/news/2020-07-nondestructive-positron-probe-safety-advances.html
Harald Koninckx wins Odissea prize for his work on health risks in space / News / SCK•CEN - SCK•CENHarald Koninckx wins Odissea prize for his work on health risks in space / News / SCK•CEN - SCK•CEN
On 16 February 2016, the President of Senate Christine Defraigne handed Harald Koninckx the Odissea prize 2015 for his graduation work entitled Measures Counteracting the radiation health risks on a manned lunar outpost in the framework of the advanced masters in Space Studies. He carried out his research in the laboratories of SCK•CEN under the guidance of Sarah Baatout, Marjan Moreels and Merel Van Wallegem of the Radiobiology group.. Sarah Baatout Harald investigated how astronauts can protect themselves against the risks arising from cosmic radiation during a longer stay on the moon. He did several experiments in our labs and on the basis of the results he introduced solutions to reduce health risks.. One of the major concerns for a future moon platform is the radiation environment and how to protect astronauts against cosmic radiation. The impact on DNA damage of various antioxidants and shieldings following simulated radiation environment was assessed on human cells.. Sarah Baatout: ...
http://sckcen.be/en/News/20160217_Odissea_prize
Mars Astronauts could ger Alzheimers from Cosmic Radiation | THE UNHIVED MIND IVMars Astronauts could ger Alzheimers from Cosmic Radiation | THE UNHIVED MIND IV
Cosmic Radiation Could Cause Alzheimers in Mars Astronauts By SUSAN DONALDSON JAMES Jan. 1, 2013 Space travel has always been portrayed as risky -- no air or
http://theunhivedmind.com/wordpress4/mars-astronauts-could-get-alzheimers-from-cosmic-radiation/
Cosmic Ray Decreases Affect Atmospheric Aerosols And Clouds ~ SCIENCE KNOWLEDGECosmic Ray Decreases Affect Atmospheric Aerosols And Clouds ~ SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE
Other investigators have reported difficulty in finding significant effects of the solar eruptions on clouds, and Henrik Svensmark understands their problem. Its like trying to see tigers hidden in the jungle, because clouds change a lot from day to day whatever the cosmic rays are doing, he says. The first task for a successful hunt was to work out when tigers were most likely to show themselves, by identifying the most promising instances of sudden drops in the count of cosmic rays, called Forbush decreases. Previous research in Copenhagen predicted that the effects should be most notice-able in the lowest 3000 metres of the atmosphere. The team identified 26 Forbush decreases since 1987 that caused the biggest reductions in cosmic rays at low altitudes, and set about looking for the consequences.. Forgetting to sow the seeds. The first global impact of the shortage of cosmic rays is a subtle change in the colour of sunlight, as seen by ground stations of the aerosol robotic network ...
http://science-wired.blogspot.com/2009/10/cosmic-ray-decreases-affect-atmospheric.html
The Glyos News Dump: Review: Outer Space Men Cosmic Radiation Electron+ Action Figure
I know what youre saying - wasnt there already a glow in the dark version of Electron+? Yes. This new Outer Space Men Cosmic Radiation Electron+ is cast in a slightly different (and better) glow plastic with more paint highlights and for the first time, bent arms. The original release, for reasons not ever truly revealed, just had the straight arms only. If you just need a glow Electron+, either version is great - but if you want a matching glow set or the very best version you can get, get this new one. ...
http://glyosnewsdump.blogspot.ca/2017/07/review-outer-space-men-cosmic-radiation.html
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00174921 - Anencephalus, drinking water, geomagnetism and cosmic radiation.NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00174921 - Anencephalus, drinking water, geomagnetism and cosmic radiation.
The rates of anencephalus in 36 Canadian cities and the province of New Brunswick from 1950 through 1969 were reviewed with regard to the horizontal geomagnetic flux, city growth, and the magnesium (7439954) concentration of tap water. High geomagnetic flux was considered as inversely related to levels of cosmic radiation. Data were screened by a bipartite stratification of the variables for assoc
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/00174921.html
STRV-1 - eoPortal Directory - Satellite MissionsSTRV-1 - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions
CREDO-II (Cosmic Radiation Environment and Dosimetry Experiment), provided by DERA, MoD, heritage of STRV-1b. Objective: To monitor those aspects of space radiation which cause single event effects in microelectronic components. The measurements comprise energetic proton fluxes from the inner radiation belt and solar flares, and the linear energy transfer spectra of heavy ions in cosmic rays and solar particle events. The instrument is as a compact, low power monitor housed on a single board. Two telescopes are employed, each comprising two pin diodes of area 3cm2 in coincidence, in order to define the arrival directions of the particles and their pathlength through the detector. In one telescope the charge depositions are amplified and pulse-height analyzed to give the linear energy transfer spectra, while in the other the counts above a low threshold are used to monitor the much higher proton fluxes. Counts are accumulated into programmable time bins to reflect the finer resolution required at ...
https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/strv-1
viXra.org e-Print archive, Climate ResearchviXra.org e-Print archive, Climate Research
Comments: 8 Pages. Version 2.. NASA incorrectly claims that any cosmic radiation increases deliver energy directly and cause temperature rises. Because this does not happen (the opposite occurs, see Fig. 5), NASA claims that cosmic radiation does not have any effect on climate. However, increases in cosmic radiation increase high altitude cloud cover by the Wilson cloud chamber effect (well proved in nuclear physics), and so have a cooling effect on the earths climate by increasing Earths albedo. This mechanism is justified by a correlation between temperature and the inverse of the cosmic ray intensity (Fig. 5). The only reason why significant CO2 related temperature rises are predicted by all 21 IPCC climate models is that they all contain the same error: assuming that water vapour absorbs sunlight to amplify the CO2 injection by positive feedback, ignoring the fact that it would gain buoyancy, rise and condense into cloud cover. It is easy to prove that any net positive feedback by water ...
http://vixra.org/clim/
PPT - Nicolas André PowerPoint Presentation - ID:6747383PPT - Nicolas André PowerPoint Presentation - ID:6747383
Jupiter Radiation Environment. Nicolas André. RPWI Kick-Off Meeting, Uppsala, Sweden , November 26-27 2009. Jupiter Radiation Environments. Radiation effects . Radiation environments. Total Ionizing Dose (TID) - Cumulative long- term ionizing damage Slideshow 6747383 by miranda-kinney
https://www.slideserve.com/miranda-kinney/nicolas-andr
پرتو کیهانی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزادپرتو کیهانی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
Ernest Rutherford stated in 1931 that thanks to the fine experiments of Professor Millikan and the even more far-reaching experiments of Professor Regener, we have now got for the first time, a curve of absorption of these radiations in water which we may safely rely upon.[27] In the 1920s, the term cosmic rays was coined by Robert Millikan who made measurements of ionization due to cosmic rays from deep under water to high altitudes and around the globe. Millikan believed that his measurements proved that the primary cosmic rays were gamma rays; i.e., energetic photons. And he proposed a theory that they were produced in interstellar space as by-products of the fusion of hydrogen atoms into the heavier elements, and that secondary electrons were produced in the atmosphere by Compton scattering of gamma rays. But then, sailing from Java to the Netherlands in 1927, Jacob Clay found evidence,[28] later confirmed in many experiments, that cosmic ray intensity increases from the tropics to ...
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?match=en
Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | Chandra finds shocking evidence for cosmic rays
This finding is important for understanding the origin of cosmic rays, which are atomic nuclei that strike the Earths atmosphere with very high energies. Scientists believe that some are produced by flares on the Sun, and others by similar events on other stars, or pulsars or black hole accretion disks. But, one of the prime suspects has been supernova shock waves. Now, a team of astronomers has used Chandra observations of Tychos supernova remnant to strengthen the case for this explanation. With only a single object involved we cant state with confidence that supernova shock waves are the primary source of cosmic rays, said John P. Hughes of Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey, and coauthor of a report to be published in an upcoming issue of The Astrophysical Journal. What we have done is present solid evidence that the shock wave in at least one supernova remnant has accelerated nuclei to cosmic ray energies. In the year 1572, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe observed and ...
https://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0509/22cosmicrays/
Ankle Phenomenon in the Cosmic Ray Energy SpectrumAnkle Phenomenon in the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum
The author has suggested that the knee phenomenon in the cosmic ray energy spectrum at 3 PeV can be explained as a split between a radiation-dominated expansion and a matter-dominated expansion of an expanding heat bath. The model proposed in 1985, in fact, predicted that high energy cosmic rays are emitted from AGN, massive black holes, in agreement with recent data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. Similarly, the ankle phenomenon at 3 EeV is shown to be explained by a split between inflational expansion and ordinary material expansion of the expanding heat bath, not unlike that in the expansion of the universe. All the spectral indicies in the respective regions of the energy spectra agree with the theoretical calculation from the respective expansion rates. It is shown that the ankle energy is approximately equal to the threshold energy of cosmic ray production of an electron positron pair on the cmb photon.
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=28876
ICRR | Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo
The Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) conducts observations and studies cosmic rays from various aspects. Its predecessor was a lodge for research, called Asahi Hut, built on Mt.Norikura based on an Asahi Academic Grant. In 1953, it was transformed into the Cosmic Ray Observatory of The University of Tokyo. Read More ...
http://www.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/
Forbush decrease - WikipediaForbush decrease - Wikipedia
A Forbush decrease is a rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following a coronal mass ejection (CME). It occurs due to the magnetic field of the plasma solar wind sweeping some of the galactic cosmic rays away from Earth. The term Forbush decrease was named after the American physicist Scott E. Forbush, who studied cosmic rays in the 1930s and 1940s. The Forbush decrease is usually observable by particle detectors on Earth within a few days after the CME, and the decrease takes place over the course of a few hours. Over the following several days, the solar cosmic ray intensity returns to normal. Forbush decreases have also been observed by humans on Mir and the International Space Station (ISS), and by instruments onboard Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1 and 2, even past the orbit of Neptune. The magnitude of a Forbush decrease depends on three factors: the size of the CME the strength of the magnetic fields in the CME the proximity of the CME to the Earth A Forbush ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbush_decrease
Radiation protection - WikipediaRadiation protection - Wikipedia
Spacecraft, both robotic and crewed, must cope with the high radiation environment of outer space. Radiation emitted by the Sun and other galactic sources, and trapped in radiation belts is more dangerous and hundreds of times more intense than radiation sources such as medical X-rays or normal cosmic radiation usually experienced on Earth.[25] When the intensely ionizing particles found in space strike human tissue, it can result in cell damage and may eventually lead to cancer. The usual method for radiation protection is material shielding by spacecraft and equipment structures (usually aluminium), possibly augmented by polyethylene in human spaceflight where the main concern is high-energy protons and cosmic ray ions. On unmanned spacecraft in high-electron-dose environments such as Jupiter missions, or medium Earth orbit (MEO), additional shielding with materials of a high atomic number can be effective. On long-duration manned missions, advantage can be taken of the good shielding ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_protection
Radiation protection - WikipediaRadiation protection - Wikipedia
Spacecraft, both manned and unmanned, must cope with the high radiation environment of outerspace. Radiation emitted by the Sun and other galactic sources, and trapped in radiation belts is more dangerous and hundreds of times more intense than radiation sources such as medical X-rays or normal cosmic radiation usually experienced on Earth.[25] When the intensely ionizing particles found in space strike human tissue, it can result in cell damage and may eventually lead to cancer. The usual method for radiation protection is material shielding by spacecraft and equipment structures (usually aluminium), possibly augmented by polyethylene in human spaceflight where the main concern is high energy protons and cosmic ray ions. On unmanned spacecraft in high electron dose environments such as Jupiter missions, or medium Earth orbit (MEO), additional shielding with materials of a high atomic number can be effective. On long duration manned missions, advantage can be taken of the good shielding ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_shield
volotea cabin crew salaryvolotea cabin crew salary
Volotea Interview Preperation A319. Glassdoor gives you an inside look at what its like to work at VOLOTEA, including salaries, reviews, office photos, and more. Cabin Crew Salary ( 23 ) Cabin Crew Tips ( 14 ) Cadet Pilot ( 154 ) is anyone attending Voloteas recruitment day in Athens in January 2020 Jump to Top Select another Forum Accommodation Australia and New Zealand Forum Best Places to go out Down Route Cabin Crew Travel Insurance Current Cabin Crew Jobs Experienced Cabin Crew Interviews Rumour Network Wannabe Cabin Crew Anything else! Cons. ), 7 of the Best Situational Interview Questions. Glassdoor gives you an inside look at what its like to work at VOLOTEA, including salaries, reviews, office photos, and more. Bad Internal communication, and poor selection of many managers, Excessive use of Interns A free inside look at company reviews and salaries posted anonymously by employees. Senior Cabin Crew (Ex dipendente) - Genova, Liguria - 26 settembre 2020 Ambiente di lavoro pessimo, ...
https://camping3pucelles-grenoble.fr/7d81e1x/da5d34-volotea-cabin-crew-salary
1905.01052v1] Galactic cosmic ray hydrogen spectra and radial gradients in the inner heliosphere measured by the HELIOS...1905.01052v1] Galactic cosmic ray hydrogen spectra and radial gradients in the inner heliosphere measured by the HELIOS...
Results: Fluxes measured by the E6 are in accordance with the force field solution for the GCR and match models of the anomalous cosmic ray propagation. GCR radial gradients in the inner heliosphere show a different behaviour than in the outer heliosphere ...
https://export.arxiv.org/abs/1905.01052v1
MSL, RAD
Figure: The RAD Instrument.. The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) is an investigation to detect and analyze the most biologically hazardous energetic particle radiation on the Martian surface as part of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. It has made the first-ever direct radiation measurements on the surface of Mars, detecting galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, secondary neutrons, and other secondary particles created both in the atmosphere and in the Martian regolith. The radiation environment on Mars is a key life-limiting factor that directly affects habitability and the ability to sustain life, and poses a challenge for future human explorers on the red planet. Thus, RAD measurements help planning for future human exploration and give us a direct measure of what levels of radiation to expect when we send astronauts to Mars in the future.. The RAD instrument combines charged- and neutral-particle detection capability over a wide dynamic range in a compact, low-mass, ...
http://www.physik.uni-kiel.de/de/institute/ieap/et/ag_wimmer/msl
MSL, RAD
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) is an investigation to detect and analyze the most biologically hazardous energetic particle radiation on the Martian surface as part of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. It has made the first-ever direct radiation measurements on the surface of Mars, detecting galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, secondary neutrons, and other secondary particles created both in the atmosphere and in the Martian regolith. The radiation environment on Mars is a key life-limiting factor that directly affects habitability and the ability to sustain life, and poses a challenge for future human explorers on the red planet. Thus, RAD measurements help planning for future human exploration and give us a direct measure of what levels of radiation to expect when we send astronauts to Mars in the future.. The RAD instrument combines charged- and neutral-particle detection capability over a wide dynamic range in a compact, low-mass, low-power instrument. These ...
http://www.physik.uni-kiel.de/de/institute/ieap/ag-wimmer/msl
Radial and Latitudinal Gradients of Anomalous Cosmic Ray Oxygen Throughout the Heliosphere - CaltechAUTHORSRadial and Latitudinal Gradients of Anomalous Cosmic Ray Oxygen Throughout the Heliosphere - CaltechAUTHORS
We have used data from the SAMPEX. Ulysses, Voyager 1 (Vl), Voyager 2 (V2), and Pioneer 10 (PIO) spacecraft to determine the radial and latitudinal gradients of anomalous cosmic ray oxygen at 10 MeV/nuc during 1994 days 209 - 313. These five spacecraft cover radial distances from 1 AU (SAMPEX) to 61 AU (PIO) and latitudes to 80° S (Ulysses) and 33° N (Vl). We find that the radial gradient is a decreasing function of radial distance, -r^(-n) , with n = 0.7 ± 0.7. The large-scale radial gradient between the inner and outer heliosphere is much smaller than it was during the last solar minimum period in ~1987. The latitudinal gradient is small and positive, 2.1 ± 0.6 %/deg, as opposed to the large and negative latitudinal gradients found during 1987, but similar to the small positive latitudinal gradient reported in a similar study for 1993 and also similar to that measured during 1976 for anomalous cosmic ray helium. These observations confirm that effects of curvature and gradient drift in the ...
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/46289/
Cosmic rays linked to global warmingCosmic rays linked to global warming
A study in the July 2002 issue of Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, published by the American Geophysical Union, proposes for the first time that interstellar cosmic rays could be the missing link between the discordant temperatures observed during the last two decades (since recorded satellite records began in 1979). The report, by Fangqun Yu of the State University of New York-Albany, proposes that the rays, tiny charged particles that bombard all planets with varying frequency depending on solar wind intensity, may have height-dependent effects on our planet s cloudiness. Previous research has proposed a link between cosmic rays and cloud cover, has not suggested the altitude dependence of the current study ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/earth-sciences/report-11709.html
Question: What Is Cosmic Rays And Its Effect? - penadasdonas.com
Showers of high energy particles occur when energetic cosmic rays strike the top of the Earths atmosphere. … Cosmic rays are atom fragments that rain down on the Earth from outside of the solar system. They blaze at the speed of light and have been blamed for electronics problems in satellites and other machinery ...
https://penadasdonas.com/qa/question-what-is-cosmic-rays-and-its-effect.html
Collaborative Research: Investigating the potential of carbon-14 in polar firn and ice as a tracer of past cosmic ray flux and...Collaborative Research: Investigating the potential of carbon-14 in polar firn and ice as a tracer of past cosmic ray flux and...
This grant will investigate the potential of carbon-14 in ice cores as an absolute dating tool, as a tracer of the past cosmic ray flux and as a recorder of the past fossil fraction of the global methane budget. Cosmic ray particles produce carbon-14 from oxygen-16 directly within near-surface glacial ice and firn. This in-situ produced carbon-14 quickly reacts to form 14C-containing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane in the ice matrix. Some or all of the resulting 14C-bearing gases may be lost from the firn to the atmosphere. This research will provide a thorough characterization of in-situ cosmogenic 14C in glacial firn and shallow ice in the Summit region of Greenland. It will examine the retention of cosmogenic 14C in ice grains at all depth levels in the firn column, the partitioning of 14C between carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane, as well as the production rates and accumulation of cosmogenic 14C in shallow ice below firn close-off. A thorough understanding of ...
https://isaaffik.org/collaborative-research-investigating-potential-carbon-14-polar-firn-and-ice-tracer-past-cosmic-ray
COD Physics Club, Benet Academy and Fermilab Team Up for Cosmic Ray Workshop - Chicago TribuneCOD Physics Club, Benet Academy and Fermilab Team Up for Cosmic Ray Workshop - Chicago Tribune
Bulletin Board: A Post From the Community | Caption: (From left, front row) Andrew Marquardt (Benet), James Austgen (Benet), Quinlan McGrath (Benet), Dr. Jennifer Gimmell (Benet/COD), Cate Stoppelman, (Benet), Frank Kariuki (COD), Kris Gardner (COD), Zuriel Tronco (COD); (back row) Dr. Mark Adams (QuarkNet), Mike Boetel (COD), Mitch Gosma (COD) and Prerak Sanghvi (COD). Students in College of DuPage's Physics Club joined forces with Benet Academy high school students and the University of Chicago QuarkNet Center at Fermilab to build and use cosmic ray detectors. During the recent Cosmic Ray Workshop, participants spent two Saturdays in February on COD's campus in Glen Ellyn, first learning how to build ...
http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/glen-ellyn/community/chi-ugc-article-cod-physics-club-benet-academy-and-fermilab-2017-03-15-story.html
HSTCosmicrays: A Python Package for Analyzing Cosmic Rays in HST Calibration Data - aspbooks.org
HSTCosmicrays is a python-based pipeline designed to find and characterize cosmic rays found in dark frames (exposures taken with the shutter closed). Dark exposures are obtained routinely by all the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments for calibration. The main processing pipeline runs locally or in the cloud on AWS. To date, we have characterized more than 1.2 billion cosmic rays in ≈76000 dark frames obtained with CCDs from the four active instruments ACS/HRC, ACS/WFC, STIS, WFC3/UVIS, and the legacy instrument WFPC2 ...
https://aspbooks.org/a/volumes/article_details/?paper_id=39931
Emulsion photo of a cosmic ray pion - Stock Image A134/0001 - Science Photo LibraryEmulsion photo of a cosmic ray pion - Stock Image A134/0001 - Science Photo Library
Emulsion photograph showing the birth and death of a cosmic ray pion (or pi-meson). A primary cosmic ray has struck and shattered an atomic nucleus to form the star at the bottom of the picture. Among the fragments of the collision, a pion has been created which forms the track moving towards the top right. The pion soon strikes another nucleus, forming a second star. The length of the pions track is about 0.11 mm. The picture, taken in 1947 by Lattes, Occhialini & Powell, was one of the first observations of the creation of a pion. - Stock Image A134/0001
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1226/view
Whats the link between cosmic rays and climate change?Whats the link between cosmic rays and climate change?
While the link between cosmic rays and cloud cover is yet to be confirmed, more importantly, there has been no correlation between cosmic rays and global temperatures over the last 30 years of global warming.
https://skepticalscience.com/cosmic-rays-and-global-warming-advanced.htm
Whats the link between cosmic rays and climate change?Whats the link between cosmic rays and climate change?
While the link between cosmic rays and cloud cover is yet to be confirmed, more importantly, there has been no correlation between cosmic rays and global temperatures over the last 30 years of global warming.
https://skepticalscience.com/cosmic-rays-and-global-warming.htm
Deep space radiation treatment reboots brains immune system | EurekAlert! Science NewsDeep space radiation treatment reboots brains immune system | EurekAlert! Science News
NASA and private company SpaceX plan to send humans to Mars within the next 15 years--but need to figure out how to protect astronauts from the dangerous cosmic radiation of deep space. Now the lab of UCSF neuroscientist Susanna Rosi, PhD, has identified a potential treatment for the brain damage caused by cosmic rays--a drug that prevents memory impairment in mice exposed to simulated space radiation. The study was published May 18, 2018 in Scientific Reports.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/uoc--dsr052118.php
Airline cabin crew member charged with smuggling cocaine at Gatwick - Mirror OnlineAirline cabin crew member charged with smuggling cocaine at Gatwick - Mirror Online
An airline cabin crew member has today been charged after cocaine with an estimated street value of £98,000 was seized at Gatwick Airport.
http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/airline-cabin-crew-member-charged-790285
Time Dependence Of The Proton Flux Measured By Pamela During The 2006 July-2009 December Solar MinimumTime Dependence Of The Proton Flux Measured By Pamela During The 2006 July-2009 December Solar Minimum
The energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. These spectra, when measured near Earth, are significantly affected by the solar magnetic field. A comprehensive description of the cosmic radiation must therefore include the transport and modulation of cosmic rays inside the heliosphere. During the end of the last decade, the Sun underwent a peculiarly long quiet phase well suited to study modulation processes. In this paper we present proton spectra measured from 2006 July to 2009 December by PAMELA. The large collected statistics of protons allowed the time variation to be followed on a nearly monthly basis down to 400 MV. Data are compared with a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation.. ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:614858
Deep Mapping of Small Solar System Bodies with Galactic Cosmic Ray Secondary Particle Showers | NASADeep Mapping of Small Solar System Bodies with Galactic Cosmic Ray Secondary Particle Showers | NASA
Established remote sensing methods provide coarse, indirect information about the interior structure of small bodies. This information is generally inferred from surface structures and overall mass density. Imagine being able to directly examine the interior of a comet or asteroid. Is the asteroid a composite of different materials or is it uniform? On a comet, how do the vents extend into the nucleus? Are there distinct interior reservoirs of volatiles? Determining the macro-scale of asteroid porosity would be fundamental to characterizing their rubble pile nature and formation and necessary for the development of planetary defense strategies. Knowledge of the interior structure and heterogeneity of comets would provide the first detailed physical constraints on jetting mechanisms, regolith formation and episodic mantle loss, while revealing interior evolutionary processes ongoing in the outer solar system. We propose to develop new types of spacecraft instrumentation, data analysis, and ...
https://www.nasa.gov/content/deep-mapping-of-small-solar-system-bodies-with-galactic-cosmic-ray-secondary-particle/
Cohort study of occupational cosmic radiation dose and cancer mortality in German aircrew, 1960-2014 | Occupational &...Cohort study of occupational cosmic radiation dose and cancer mortality in German aircrew, 1960-2014 | Occupational &...
Results SMR for all-cause, specific cancer groups and most individual cancers were reduced in all aircrew groups. The only increases were seen for brain cancer in pilots (n=23, SMR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.28) and for malignant melanoma (n=10, SMR 1.88, 95% CI 0.78 to 3.85). Breast cancer mortality among female cabin crew was similar to the general population (n=71, SMR 1.06, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.44). Overall median cumulative effective dose was 34.2 mSv (max: 116 mSv) for 1960-2014. No dose-response associations were seen in any of the models. For brain cancer, relative risks were elevated across dose categories. An indicative negative trend with increasing dose category was seen for large intestine cancer in female cabin crew (n=23). ...
https://oem.bmj.com/content/early/2020/02/18/oemed-2019-106165
Impact of Ionizing Radiation on 4H-SiC DevicesImpact of Ionizing Radiation on 4H-SiC Devices
Electronic components, based on current semiconductor technologies and operating in radiation rich environments, suffer degradation of their performance as a result of radiation exposure. Silicon carbide (SiC) provides an alternate solution as a radiation hard material, because of its wide bandgap and higher atomic displacement energies, for devices intended for radiation environment applications. However, the radiation tolerance and reliability of SiC-based devices needs to be understood by testing devices under controlled radiation environments. These kinds of studies have been previously performed on diodes and MESFETs, but multilayer devices such as bipolar junction transistors (BJT) have not yet been studied.. In this thesis, SiC material, BJTs fabricated from SiC, and various dielectrics for SiC passivation are studied by exposure to high energy ion beams with selected energies and fluences. The studies reveal that the implantation induced crystal damage in SiC material can be partly ...
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:477893
Annealing of ion implanted 4H-SiC in the temperature range of 100-800 degrees C analysed by ion beam techniquesAnnealing of ion implanted 4H-SiC in the temperature range of 100-800 degrees C analysed by ion beam techniques
Electronic components, based on current semiconductor technologies and operating in radiation rich environments, suffer degradation of their performance as a result of radiation exposure. Silicon carbide (SiC) provides an alternate solution as a radiation hard material, because of its wide bandgap and higher atomic displacement energies, for devices intended for radiation environment applications. However, the radiation tolerance and reliability of SiC-based devices needs to be understood by testing devices under controlled radiation environments. These kinds of studies have been previously performed on diodes and MESFETs, but multilayer devices such as bipolar junction transistors (BJT) have not yet been studied.. In this thesis, SiC material, BJTs fabricated from SiC, and various dielectrics for SiC passivation are studied by exposure to high energy ion beams with selected energies and fluences. The studies reveal that the implantation induced crystal damage in SiC material can be partly ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:401676
Spaceweather.com Time MachineSpaceweather.com Time Machine
Why are cosmic rays intensifying? The main reason is the sun. Solar storm clouds such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays when they pass by Earth. During Solar Maximum, CMEs are abundant and cosmic rays are held at bay. Now, however, the solar cycle is swinging toward Solar Minimum, allowing cosmic rays to return. Another reason could be the weakening of Earths magnetic field, which helps protect us from deep-space radiation.. The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.. The data points in the graph above correspond to the peak of the Reneger-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earths atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Reneger and Georg Pfotzer discovered the ...
https://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=25&month=05&year=2018
358/949358/949
When a star is disrupted by a supermassive black hole, and its debris are accreted onto it, a powerful hadronic jet can be generated and be a source of high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays. I review the simplest models of neutrino production from such Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs), and show that the resulting neutrino flux is detectable, and can explain a fraction of the diffuse neutrino flux detected at IceCube. The possibility of a joint explanation of the neutrino and Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray data is briefly illustrated. I discuss the hypothesis - which requires further study to be fully substantiated - that a single TDE burst might have been responsible for the 2014-2015 neutrino flare observed by IceCube ...
https://pos.sissa.it/358/949/
palingates: Sarah Palins wild ride: Child endangerment or the fraud of the century?palingates: Sarah Palins wild ride: Child endangerment or the fraud of the century?
Women who fly during pregnancy, whether as passengers or crew, continue to fuel the debate over the potential impact on pregnancy outcome and fetal development, the two risk factors most commonly invoked being relative hypoxaemia due to the decreased cabin pressure and, more recently, cosmic radiation. On both theoretical and experimental grounds (altitude physiology and studies in pregnant women during flight), commercial flight poses no threat to the fetal oxygen supply in a normal pregnancy. As for cosmic radiation, only theoretical estimates are available of flight crew exposure: if annual doses approximate to background at ground level (3-5 mSv), the dose received during an individual pregnancy can be estimated from the fraction of annual flight time spent while pregnant. It is doubtful whether any epidemiological study could ever confirm or refute this theoretical estimate of a low increase in risk. Many airlines have opted to allow pregnant crew to continue flying. There is thus little if ...
http://palingates.blogspot.com/2010/03/sarah-palins-wild-ride-child.html
Scientists Unveil Missing Link In Evolution, page 10Scientists Unveil Missing Link In Evolution, page 10
New species do not emerge through breeding; their genetic makeup in the sex cell changes due to random changes that affect genetic inheritance. However, rapid emergence of new species is attributed to cosmic radiation capable of modifying sex cell DNA in more profound manner. This cosmic radiation is random, but for some reason has led to the emergence of more and more sophisticated species on this planet leading to Homo sapiens. In other words, Nature knew what it was doing. How can anyone be so ignorant not to look at other options regarding the source of the radiation? We live in the universe that is said to be 15 billion years old. Just give me some 2000 years in focused genetic research and I turn crocodile into a dog by radiating the environment where crocodiles live. There is no sound argument that disproves the possibility of someone finding this planet and using the primitive life here for accelerated evolutionary experiments ...
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread464662/pg10
16bit.com Figure of the Day Review: The Outer Space Men, LLC Outer Space Men Cosmic Radiation Mystron Action Figure16bit.com Figure of the Day Review: The Outer Space Men, LLC Outer Space Men Cosmic Radiation Mystron Action Figure
Hes got great accessories. The Gargoyle Gun is mostly painted silver, with the bare glow head plastic coming through. I wish they left the grip unpainted, and to be honest if they inverted the glow versus the silver that would also be nice. Its not bad. The staff is similarly cool, because the only painted element is a silver ball which hovers eerily above the figure with glowing wings. Now theres something out of your Phantasm-inspired nightmares.. For those keeping track, you might remember something about how these are made - specifically, a series worth of accessories are on a single sprue. This means that glowing helmets (instead of clear) and clear staffs (instead of glowing) exist and were run - we got samples of them in a baggie with the order, but right now it doesnt seem to be advertised as a bonus with all orders. This goes for Alpha 7, Electron+, and Commander Comet too - none of the year one guys seemed to have bonus parts in my order.. Now while it would be awesome to have ...
http://16bit.com/fotd/170614-osm-gitd-2017-mystron.shtml
The Glyos News Dump: Friday: Cosmic Radiation Mystron from The Outer Space Men
Adam Pawlus has written about Star Wars action figures, toys, and collectibles on the web since 1995. He has worked for a variety of magazines and websites and presently works as a Toy Evangelist / Buyer for Entertainment Earth. He also loves Jolt ...
http://glyosnewsdump.blogspot.ca/2017/06/friday-cosmic-radiation-mystron-from.html
Breast cancer among airline cabin attendants | Occupational & Environmental MedicineBreast cancer among airline cabin attendants | Occupational & Environmental Medicine
We thank Dr Rafnsson for valuable comments on our paper. Rafnsson finds our policy implications surprising. In the light of present evidence, we do not find further measures justified for reducing radiation exposure among cabin crew. The justification for this view is the fact that exposure limits common for all radiation workers also apply for the cabin crew. Dose monitoring indicates that the cosmic radiation doses are within the exposure limits. We see no reason to depart from the general radiation protection principles.. Cohort studies have shown an excess risk of breast cancer in cabin crew, in particular among those with long employment, with 1.5-3.4-fold incidence compared with the general population.1 Nevertheless, the radiation doses received are low and the expected effect based on previous literature is very small, with relative risk well below 1.1.2 Neither previous studies nor our study have been able to identify the cause for the excess incidence of breast cancer. Lack of ...
http://oem.bmj.com/content/63/1/71.1
Geomagnetic Activity Watch: Some Peoples Lives May Depend On It, page 1Geomagnetic Activity Watch: Some Peoples Lives May Depend On It, page 1
The objective of this study was to assess impacts of air temperature, barometric pressure and geomagnetic activity on hospitalizations with myocardial infarctions and brain strokes. We studied 2,833 myocardial infarctions and 1,096 brain strokes registered in two Moscow hospitals between 1992 and 2005. ….The number of myocardial infarctions decreased with temperature, displayed a U-shaped relationship with pressure and variations in pressure, and increased with geomagnetic activity. The number of strokes increased with temperature, daily temperature range and geomagnetic activity. Detrimental effects on strokes of low pressure and falling pressure were observed. Relative risks of infarctions and strokes during geomagnetic storms were 1.29 (95 % CI 1.19-1.40) and 1.25 (1.10-1.42), respectively. The number of strokes doubled during cold spells. The influence of barometric pressure on hospitalizations was relatively greater than the influence of geomagnetic activity, and the influence of ...
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread1010906/pg1
KELEA, Cosmic Rays, Cloud Formation and Electromagnetic Radiation: Electropollution as a Possible Explanation for Climate ChangeKELEA, Cosmic Rays, Cloud Formation and Electromagnetic Radiation: Electropollution as a Possible Explanation for Climate Change
The basic premise of this article is that human generated electromagnetic radiation is contributing to global warming. It may do so by diverting an energy force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) from its presumed association with cosmic rays. Cosmic ray delivered KELEA is viewed as normally participating in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). It may do so by transforming electrostatically inert particles into electrostatic aerosols capable of acting as CCN. The resulting clouds act as a reflective barrier to some of the infrared radiation from the sun and, thereby, reduce the earths heat. This article proposes that increasing levels of electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere is reducing the capacity of cosmic rays to deliver adequate KELEA to maintain climate stability through optimal cloud formation. Specifically, the fluctuating electrical fields accompanying electromagnetic radiation may do so by competitively withdrawing some of the KELEA from the
https://file.scirp.org/Html/3-4700459_64084.htm
Solar activity linked to Baltic winter severity | Watts Up With That?Solar activity linked to Baltic winter severity | Watts Up With That?
Abstract. The Sun is the fundamental energy sources of the Earths climate and therefore its variations can contribute to natural climate variations. In the present work we study the variability of ice winter severity index in the Baltic Sea since the 15th century and its possible connection with solar activity, based in a new method for finding and measuring amplitude-phase cross-frequency coupling in time series with a low signal/noise ratio, we suggests that the ice winter severity index in the Baltic Sea is modulated by solar activity and solar motion in several frequency bands during the last 500 yrs. According to our model a strong coupling between the decadal periodicity in the ice winter severity index time series and the secular periodicity of solar activity is present. We found that the ice winter severity index is strongly modulated by solar activity at the decadal periodicity. We also found that the 180 year periodicity of the Barycentre motion modulates the amplitudes of the decadal ...
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/05/solar-activity-linked-to-arctic-winter-severity/
Curb Global Warming: Computer Simulation Study Shoots Down Cosmic Ray Explanation for the Cause of Global WarmingCurb Global Warming: Computer Simulation Study Shoots Down Cosmic Ray Explanation for the Cause of Global Warming
There is more than enough evidence that human sources are the main cause of global warming to conclude that strong action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but one alternative explanation for the warming that has not been completely ruled out is known as the cosmic ray hypothesis. According to this explanation solar activity has an effect on cosmic rays which reduces cloudiness, thereby resulting in more sunlight reaching the surface of the earth which leads to increased warming. Science Daily reports that Peter Adams and Jeff Pierce, scientists from Carnegie Mellon University and Dalhousie University (Halifax, Canada), respectively, developed a computer model to test this hypothesis and reported in Geophysical Research Letters that there were not enough changes in the concentrations of particles affecting clouds to make any difference in the climate. Adams told Science Daily that he expects the results of the computer simulation to be challenged but thinks the results will ...
http://curbglobalwarmingblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/computer-simulation-study-shoots-down.html
Cosmic radiation may give astronauts Alzheimers, says study. Dont cancel your Mars tickets yet.Cosmic radiation may give astronauts Alzheimers, says study. Dont cancel your Mars tickets yet.
It is impossible to get to Mars or to travel elsewhere in space without risk. How radiation affects astronauts is an important question. But worrying excessively about what the after-effects of travel might be saddles would-be pioneers with the bureaucratic mentality of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Such safeguarding is necessary on Earth to protect workers who may be exploited by their employers-but it is a millstone weighting down highly educated astronauts who voluntarily take seats atop huge tanks of explosives that propel them to space. (It would be another issue if astronauts risked being stricken with Alzheimers while behind the controls of a spacecraft, but there is no evidence from this study that suggests the response, even of the susceptible mice, is immediate.). ...
http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/01/03/cosmic_radiation_may_give_astronauts_alzheimer_s_says_study_don_t_cancel.html
Tree rings show calendar of sun spot activity • The RegisterTree rings show calendar of sun spot activity • The Register
Sunspot activity is more intense now than at any point in the last 8,000 years, according to researchers at the Max Planck Institute in Germany. The solar scientists have constructed an 11,000 years record of solar activity based on tree ring data, and discovered that the last 70 years have been particularly spot-filled.. However, the results should not cause alarm, the scientists say, because 8,000 years ago there was a period of similar intensity, suggesting that the sun naturally cycles through more and less busy times. Sami Solanki, the scientist who led the research, says the sun will probably calm down again in the next few decades.. To track solar activity using trees, the researchers had to go looking for the presence of particular isotopes, like carbon14 and beryllium-10, that are formed in the atmosphere when cosmic rays - radiation from deep space - impact the planet. The sun deflects much of the cosmic radiation that would otherwise smash into the planet, but when solar activity is ...
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/10/28/sun_spots/
Particle Radiation - Windows to the UniverseParticle Radiation - Windows to the Universe
One main type of radiation, particle radiation, is the result of subatomic particles hurtling at tremendous speeds. Protons, cosmic rays, and alpha and beta particles are some of the most common types of particle radiation.. Particle radiation can harm living creatures and can short out electronic circuits... so it is dangerous for humans and robots alike.. Protons and electrons are two of the most common types of particles encountered. Tear apart an atom of hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, and you get a proton and an electron... hence the abundance of this type of radiation. Strip the two electrons from the second most abundant element, helium, and you are left with a nucleon containing two protons and two neutrons. This helium-nucleus particle is called an alpha particle. Free electrons, when zipping around as radiation, are known as beta particles. A third type, gamma radiation, is not a particle but rather a high-energy form of electromagnetic radiation.. Neutrinos ...
https://windows2universe.org/physical_science/physics/atom_particle/particle_radiation.html&edu=high&dev=
16bit.com Figure of the Day Review: The Outer Space Men, LLC Outer Space Men Cosmic Radiation Edition Colossus Rex Action Figure16bit.com Figure of the Day Review: The Outer Space Men, LLC Outer Space Men Cosmic Radiation Edition Colossus Rex Action Figure
If youve been buying these for a while, its worth noting that the paint masks are not the same as your other Rex figures. For reasons I dont know, the team painted Colossus toes, spikes, accordion joints, belt, eyes, and teeth in a shiny silver paint. Its the same paint on the weapons - its silver, but its not vac-metal silver like the Chrome Accessories Set [FOTD #1,546]. It gives the figure a nice consistent look, but it doesnt stop there - the back of the figure has a couple of painted spikes on his back as well as the heel claws of his feet.. The figure seems to have the same sculpted detail as his siblings, with an astonishing quantity of sculpted scales that undoubtedly took days if not weeks of work to accomplish. On the recent Colossus Rex 2.0, the light metallic paint makes each scale pop to life even in a dark basement office. Glow in the dark paint is much crueler - it absorbs light in so many ways, meaning its a bit tougher to see all the work that the The Outer Space Men, ...
http://16bit.com/fotd/161006-osm-nycc-glow-colossus-rex.shtml
Gamma-ray Constraints on Cosmic Rays in Galactic Winds | Publications | UW-Madison Astronomy
Our group is constructing a hybrid thermal gas and cosmic-ray pressure driven wind model. This model is built on past work by Breitschwerdt et al. (1991) and Zirakashvili et al. (1996), and was motivated by unexplained high latitude Galactic X-ray emission observed by ROSAT, and further tested with radio synchrotron observations. In this poster, the role of cosmic-ray protons in generating gamma-ray emission in a Galactic wind is explored. In interacting with the wind plasma, cosmic-ray protons have three mechanisms to generate gamma-rays (pion production, Bremsstrahlung, and inverse Compton scattering), which can be detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. To test the model, we have calculated the gamma-ray intensity from the wind model of Everett et al (2010), and we compare these predictions to the observed emission in the central Milky Way. Also, we have recently developed a new wind model which includes an azimuthal magnetic field and galactic rotation; we compare the driving in ...
http://www.astro.wisc.edu/our-science/scholarly-publications/item?id=PGE8NIRJ
Ryanair signs agreements with Belgian pilot and cabin crew unions CNE-CSC and LBC-NVK - Aviation24.beRyanair signs agreements with Belgian pilot and cabin crew unions CNE-CSC and LBC-NVK - Aviation24.be
Ryanairs Chief People Officer, Eddie Wilson said:. We are pleased to have signed this latest CLA covering all of our directly employed pilots and cabin crew in Belgium. These signed union agreements in Belgium, Spain, Portugal and the UK again demonstrate the considerable progress were making in concluding union agreements with our people in our major EU markets. We expect that these new agreements will encourage the cabin crew unions in both Spain and Portugal to remove competitor airline employees (who have been blocking progress) and to quickly conclude cabin crew agreements in those two countries, as thats what our Portuguese and Spanish cabin crew are now demanding.. ...
https://www.aviation24.be/airlines/ryanair/signs-agreements-belgian-pilot-cabin-crew-unions-cne-csc-lbc-nvk/
Biological effects of weightlessness at the cellular level. Comparative study of cultures of Paramecia aboard the orbital...Biological effects of weightlessness at the cellular level. Comparative study of cultures of Paramecia aboard the orbital...
In order to distinguish the effects of cosmic rays from those of weightlessness at the cellular level, we performed experiments aboard stratospheric balloon, where gravity is equal to 1 g and cosmic radiation roughly equal to that aboard Salyut-6. The results suggest that the stimulation of cell proliferation is probably due to cosmic rays, metabolic changes being related to microgravity.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Biological-effects-of-weightlessness-at-the-cellu-Richoilley-Templier/6251feb712cac0947cfc3f60aa6e77bad4bfa202
18 New Papers Link High Solar Activity To Medieval And Modern Warmth, Low Solar Activity To Little Ice Age Cooling | Climate...
During the period 1875-1955, late summer temperature fluctuated less strongly than before or thereafter. In general, the average length of cold periods was shorter than that of warm periods. The cold period of 1869-1877 was the longest and coldest cool period had a mean of 17.63°C. The longest warm period extended from 1655 to 1668, and the warmest period in AD 1719-1730 had a mean of 20.37°C. However, we should point out that the rapid warming during the 20th century was not especially obvious in our reconstructed RLST.. [S]even cold periods and three warm periods were identified during the past 368 years (Fig. 4d). All the cold periods were during the Maunder (1708-1711) or Dalton (1818- 1821, 1824-1828, 1832-1836, and 1839-1842) solar minima periods, except for the cold periods of 1765-1769 and 1869-1877 (Eddy, 1976; Shindell et al., 1999), which indicated that RLST [mean maximum temperature] variations in the NWSP [northwestern Sichuan Plateau, China ] might be driven by solar activity. ...
https://www.climatedepot.com/2016/10/17/18-new-papers-link-high-solar-activity-to-medieval-and-modern-warmth-low-solar-activity-to-little-ice-age-cooling/
July 2018 - Page 2 - Space StationJuly 2018 - Page 2 - Space Station
Three days after its launch from Florida, the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft was installed on the Earth-facing side of the International Space Stations Harmony module at 9:52 a.m. EDT.. The 15th contracted commercial resupply mission from SpaceX (CRS-15) delivers more than 5,900 pounds of research, crew supplies and hardware to the orbiting laboratory.. Among the research arriving to the U.S. National Laboratory is the Space Algae investigation, will discuss research to select algae strains adapted to space and sequence their genomes to identify growth-related genes. Algae consume waste carbon dioxide, can provide basic nutrition and may perceive microgravity as a trigger to produce algae oils rich in antioxidants that may help mitigate the harmful effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation during spaceflight. The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), which manages the U.S. National Laboratory, is sponsoring the investigation.. A technology demonstration arriving is an ...
https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2018/07/page/2/
The Ultimate Neutrino Page - Comments on Neutrino 98The Ultimate Neutrino Page - Comments on Neutrino 98
The most important results of the conference were reported by professor Kajita (ICRR). These were related on the measurement of the atmoshperic neutrinos in Superkamiokande which is a 50 kton water Cerenkov detector located in the Kamioka zinc mine in the Japansese Alps. It has been operating since April 1997, and the reported data is based on 500 days of operation. Atmospheric neutrinos are secondary particles produced by cosmic rays (protons) hitting the atmosphere of the earth. The flux of atmospheric neutrinos can be calculated, when the proton flux is known. Although the calculations for absolute neutrino fluxes contain lots of uncertainties, the ratio of electron neutrinos to muon neutrinos can be predicted with much better accuracy. Superkamiokande measured the muon neutrino to electron neutrino ratio to be 63 % of the predicted ratio. The apparent deficit of muon neutrinos is consistent with previous measurements, like Kamiokande III and Soudan 2. The news is that Superkamiokande has ...
http://cupp.oulu.fi/neutrino/neutrino98.html
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health - Cancer incidence among Norwegian airline pilotsScandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health - Cancer incidence among Norwegian airline pilots
Objectives In this retrospective cohort study, the cancer incidence of commercial pilots was studied to determine whether exposure at work has any influence on the incidence of cancer.. Methods The cohort was established from the files of the Civil Aviation Administration and included people who had valid licenses as commercial pilots between 1946 and 1994. Basic data about their flight careers were recorded, and exposure to cosmic radiation was estimated. The cohort was linked to the Cancer Register of Norway. The observed number of cases was compared with that expected based on national rates.. Results A group of 3701 male pilots was followed over 70 560 person-years. There were 200 cases of cancer versus 188.8 expected, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.06 and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.92-1.22. No significant decreased risk was found for any cancer site. Excess risks were found for malignant melanoma (22 cases SIR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.7) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (14 ...
https://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=519
Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing: Use, Calibration and Validation for Soil Moisture Estimation | IAEACosmic Ray Neutron Sensing: Use, Calibration and Validation for Soil Moisture Estimation | IAEA
Nuclear and related techniques can help develop climate smart agricultural practices by optimizing water use efficiency. The measurement of soil water content is essential to improve the use of this resource in agriculture. However, most sensors monitor small areas (less than 1m in radius), hence a large number of sensors are needed to obtain soil water content across a large area. This can be both costly and labour intensive and so larger scale measuring devices are needed as an alternative to traditional point-based soil moisture sensing techniques. The cosmic ray neutron sensor (CRNS) is such a device that monitors soil water content in a non-invasive and continuous way. This publication provides background information about this novel technique, and explains in detail the calibration and validation process.. ...
https://www.iaea.org/publications/11097/cosmic-ray-neutron-sensing-use-calibration-and-validation-for-soil-moisture-estimation
Cosmic rays, pyramids, volcanoes and railway tunnels - an introduction to muon tomography. Prof Lee Thompson. 16th March 2020Cosmic rays, pyramids, volcanoes and railway tunnels - an introduction to muon tomography. Prof Lee Thompson. 16th March 2020
Muons are like the big brother of electrons but they are heavier and much more penetrating. About 1000 pass through the room every second. They are generated when cosmic rays interact with atoms in the upper atmosphere to form secondary rays called muons.
https://s10probus.co.uk/cosmic-rays-pyramids-volcanoes-and-railway-tunnels-an-introduction-to-muon-tomography-prof-lee-thompson-16th-march-2020/
Building a Cloud Chamber (Cosmic Ray Detector)Building a Cloud Chamber (Cosmic Ray Detector)
Wouldnt it be cool if you could create a rain cloud? Or call cosmic rays into view? Well, you can do both! All you need is an aquarium, a slide projector, dry ice, and a few other easy-to-get supplies.
https://www.amnh.org/explore/resource-collections/macmillan-mcgraw-hill-science-2008/science-a-closer-look-grade-2/earth-science-unit-d-grade-2/chapter-7-observing-weather/building-a-cloud-chamber-cosmic-ray-detector
SMART-1 Update: One Month in Orbit - Universe TodaySMART-1 Update: One Month in Orbit - Universe Today
The communication, data handling and on-board software subsystems have been performing according to expectations so far. We are also detecting signs of an increase in the local radiation environment. An onboard counter records the number of hits produced by charged particles, like protons or ions, which cause a single bit in the digital circuits of the computer memory to change state, known as a Single Event Upset. We noticed a sharp increase in the count rate from 23 October onwards. This is currently attributed to the increased solar activity.. The thermal subsystem continues to perform well and all the temperatures are as expected. During the last period the spacecraft systems coped very well with a partial lunar eclipse, where the Moon obscured about 70% of the solar disk for around 80 minutes. Although the average spacecraft equipment temperature has not changed much during the mission, some equipment is experiencing temperature fluctuations due to changes in both the spacecrafts attitude ...
https://www.universetoday.com/8987/smart-1-update-one-month-in-orbit/
Dr. Vincent M. Cowan ProfileDr. Vincent M. Cowan Profile
Infrared (IR) detectors operated in the space environment are required to have high performance while being subjected to a variety of radiation effects. Sources of radiation in space include the trapped particles in the Van Allen belts and transient events such as solar events and galactic cosmic rays. Mercury cadmium telluride (MCT)-based IR detectors are often used in space applications because they have high performance and are generally relatively tolerant of the space environment when passivated with CdTe; often, the readout-integrated circuit is far more susceptible to radiation effects than the detector materials themselves. However, inherent manufacturing issues with the growth of MCT have led to interest in alternative detector technologies including type-II strained-layer superlattice (T2SLS) infrared detectors with unipolar barriers. Much less is known about the radiation tolerance properties of these SLS-based detectors compared to MCT. Here, the effects of 63 MeV protons on variable ...
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/profile/Vince.Cowan-123314
NASA gets ready to study space radiation - RedorbitNASA gets ready to study space radiation - Redorbit
The U.S. space agency announced the selection of four research proposals to study space radiations affects on human living in space.. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration said it selected proposals from the New York University School of Medicine, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Loma Linda University and Georgetown University. The schools will work with collaborating organizations around the nation.. ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1699098/nasa_gets_ready_to_study_space_radiation/
Detecting radiation on lunar and Mars missionsDetecting radiation on lunar and Mars missions
In space, we cant predict when radiation events occur nor their severity, so its crucial to develop a rugged, light-weight, portable system that can make real-time measurements of radiation environments, said Pisacane, R.A. Heinlein Professor of Aerospace Engineering in USNAs Aerospace Engineering Department. Spacesuits and spacecrafts integrated with microdosimeter sensors can help assess risk, provide warning at the onset of enhanced radiation so astronauts can take protective action, and help crews determine safe locations during these periods. Radiation negatively affects missions in a number of ways. Radiation exposure can lead to fatigue, hair loss, cataracts, vomiting, central nervous system problems, changes in physiology and genetic make up, and cancer, among other diseases. On the spacecraft, it could cause reduced power generation, background noise in sensors and the failure of electronic devices. Astronauts are exposed to radiations from different sources including particles ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/physics-astronomy/report-79326.html
Best International Airline Pilot Career Guide : 2013Best International Airline Pilot Career Guide : 2013
Airline Pilot Training UK, Cranfield Pilot Flight Training, Hinton Pilot Flight Training, Pilot Flight Training, Pilot Training College USA, UK
http://pilot-career-guide.blogspot.com/2013/
Retiring American Airlines pilot gives his wings to boy with Down syndrome during final flight | fox8.comRetiring American Airlines pilot gives his wings to boy with Down syndrome during final flight | fox8.com
MIAMI, Fla. -- A retiring American Airlines pilot took to Facebook recently to describe a very special moment that happened during his final flight last week.
https://fox8.com/2019/10/12/retiring-american-airlines-pilot-gives-his-wings-to-boy-with-down-syndrome-during-last-flight/
United Airlines pilots arrested in Glasgow on alcohol chargeUnited Airlines pilots arrested in Glasgow on alcohol charge
Two airline pilots are due to appear in court after being arrested on suspicion of being under the influence of alcohol as they prepared to fly a passenger jet from Scotland to the US.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/28/two-united-airlines-pilots-arrested-in-glasgow-on-alcohol-charge/
Airline pilot, wife found dead; toxicology report pendingAirline pilot, wife found dead; toxicology report pending
Family members say an Ohio woman found dead along with her airline pilot husband from apparent fentanyl overdoses had long batted drug problems
http://www.wcvb.com/article/airline-pilot-wife-died-from-apparent-fentanyl-od-s-in-ohio/9152060
Southwest Airlines Pilot Open Mic Broadcasts To ATC | LYBIO.NET Discover New Reading Content.
Southwest Airlines Pilot Open Mic Broadcasts To ATC. [Dispatch] Whoever is transmitting go watch what youre saying then. Complete Full Transcript, Dialogue, Remarks, Saying, Quotes, Words And Text.
http://lybio.net/southwest-airlines-pilot-open-mic-broadcasts-to-atc/people/
Airline Pilot Salary - Career StintAirline Pilot Salary - Career Stint
Talk of daredevilry and enjoying the thrill of working day in and day out. Thats precisely what an airline pilots job is all about. This literally high-flying job is one of the highly paid careers one can find.
https://careerstint.com/airline-pilot-salary
PDF] First results from sparo: evidence for large scale toroidal magnetic fields in the galactic center | Semantic ScholarPDF] First results from sparo: evidence for large scale toroidal magnetic fields in the galactic center | Semantic Scholar
We have observed the linear polarization of 450 µm continuum emission from the Galactic center, using a new polarimetric detector system that is operated on a 2 m telescope at the South Pole. The resulting polarization map extends � 170 pc along the Galactic plane and � 30 pc in Galactic latitude, and thus covers a significant fraction of the central molecular zone. Our map shows that this region is permeated by large-scale toroidal magnetic fields. We consider our results together with radio observations that show evidence for poloidal fields in the Galactic center, and with Faraday rotation observations. We compare all of these observations with the predictions of a magnetodynamic model for the Galactic center that was proposed in order to explain the Galactic Center Radio Lobe as a magnetically driven gas outflow. We conclude that the observations are basically consistent with the model.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/First-results-from-sparo%3A-evidence-for-large-scale-Novak-Chuss/7b9dd590eec08040444d150324a9390f6742a28a
Podcast Archives - Gardening with CharliePodcast Archives - Gardening with Charlie
Learn how to grow common houseplants indoors as a way to clean your air. Listen to podcast: I recently heard a story about NASA sending basil and turnip seeds to the moon in grow chambers to see how they will germinate in that gravity-less, high radiation environment. It prompted me to remember the now famous research NASA also did on house plants. When looking at long term stays on the space station, one of the challenges was to produce clean air for astronauts to breathe. We all know plants are […]. ...
https://gardeningwithcharlie.com/category/podcast
Space Environment Simulator for Testing of Materials and DevicesSpace Environment Simulator for Testing of Materials and Devices
Equipment has been designed and created for experimental simulation of space environment conditions of Geostationary orbit of the Earth. The following conditions are supported in the vacuum chamber having volume of 1.2 cubic meters: Vacuum 10-5 Torr. (1.3 × 10-3 Pa), electron beam with energy up to 8 MeV, temperatures from -150°C to +150°C and solar ultraviolet radiation. The peculiarity of this equipment is the possibility of analyzing complex simultaneous influence of mentioned above 4 factors on the sample and in-situ direct measurement of sample parameters under irradiation which provides almost real conditions. Silicon single crystals used in space environment were tested in the vacuum chamber and new results were received having scientific and applied interest. It was shown, particularly, that the electro-conductivity of silicon samples has higher value at in-situ condition than ex-situ after irradiation.
https://m.scirp.org/papers/27721
Nasa wants to alter the DNA of Mars astronauts in the 2030s - Freedoms PhoenixNasa wants to alter the DNA of Mars astronauts in the 2030s - Freedoms Phoenix
Protecting astronauts from cosmic radiation is one of the key challenges facing future missions to Mars, and Nasa believes it may have a solution.
http://www.freedomsphoenix.com/News/226915-2017-10-09-nasa-wants-to-alter-the-dna-of-mars-astronauts-in.htm
Egypt Travel Trivia | Space Invaders | Grand Circle TravelEgypt Travel Trivia | Space Invaders | Grand Circle Travel
Question: At which famous landmark did a shot of cosmic rays reveal a whole lot of nothing-which might actually mean something big if science could figure it out?. Answer: The Great Pyramid at Giza. It has long been a belief of the tinfoil hat set that ancient Egypts wonders are the handiwork of aliens. So perhaps its fitting that the biggest recent discovery about the Great Pyramid at Giza came from a source straight out of sci-fi: cosmic rays from space. The 4,500-year-old pyramid has preserved most of its mysteries for millennia. While three chambers had previously been mapped by robots, most of the site is still undiscovered. In the past, scientists had tried using ground-penetrating radar and gravity readings to gain further insight into the monuments interior, but to little avail.. The breakthrough came when Japanese scientists tried muon radiography. Muons are the high-energy particles that result when radiation from the depths of space enter our atmosphere (as in cosmic rays). In a ...
https://www.gct.com/community/the-inside-scoop/travel-trivia/space-invaders
Low temperature rates for key steps of interstellar gas-phase water formation | Science AdvancesLow temperature rates for key steps of interstellar gas-phase water formation | Science Advances
3)where the hydroxyl ion OH+ is formed either by the reaction of O+ with molecular hydrogen or by the reaction of atomic oxygen with H3+. The O+ ions are created by charge-transfer reactions between atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen ions that are produced by cosmic ray ionization, whereas the H3+ formation is initiated by cosmic ray ionization of H2. Consequently, the formation of OH+, H2O+, and H3O+ are all essentially cosmic ray-driven, and one can use their abundance to constrain the cosmic ray ionization rate in the diffuse ISM and the fraction of atomic to molecular hydrogen (4, 5).. All three molecular ions, OH+, H2O+, and H3O+, have been observed in the ISM, often in surprisingly high abundance. OH+ was first detected using the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12m telescope toward the massive star-forming region Sagittarius B2(M) (6). H2O+ was found using the Herschel satellite toward the star-forming regions DR21, Sagittarius B2(M), and NGC 6334 (7). The protonated water molecule H3O+ was ...
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/6/eaar3417
THE HOCKEY SCHTICK: October 2010
The link between TCC and EC is the Svensmark - Effect. It describes the formation of terrestrial clouds by the secondary particles of Cosmic Rays (Similar to Wilsons Fog Chamber 1911). This effect modulates the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO). It can be shown by using measured data, that the secondary particles of cosmic rays are controlling the NAO and therefore the weather in the Northern Hemisphere especially very strong since 1975. GOES - Satellites, geostationary stationed at about 35,800 km (22,300 miles) in equatorial plane above earth, measure the components of Sun-Wind that earth is exposed. These components are Flares, protons, alphas, electrons and magnetic fields. By correlating these extraterrestrial as well as terrestrial components, one can determine the strength and impact of suns activity on the weather on the earth. Applying this method by using the by NOAA published Data it will be explained that the warming period on earth, that started about 1980 and seems to be ...
http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.cl/2010/10/
The solar activity | Defence Forum & Military Photos - DefenceTalk
Have you ever heard that solar activity has a huge impact on our technology. Our technology in space, to our technology on the ground, historical evidence...
https://www.defencetalk.com/military/forums/t/the-solar-activity.15246/
British Airways cabin crew to strike: your rightsBritish Airways cabin crew to strike: your rights
British Airways (BA) cabin crew have voted to strike in a bitter row over jobs and working conditions, it was announced this afternoon.. The Unite union will hold a meeting on Thursday when strike dates will be announced, although it has ruled out taking action over Easter. It must give at least seven days notice, though passengers will be hoping for an agreement between the airline and the union to save their travel plans from ruin. The news comes after a failed strike attempt, thwarted by the courts, last December (see the BA Christmas strike off MSE News story).. As we dont yet know strike dates, though they are likely to be in March, it is still unclear which BA passengers will be affected.. But if youre worried, below is a Q&A guide on the strikes.. Will all flights be cancelled on the strike days?. BA has been training other staff, including pilots, to take the place of cabin crew. In addition, not all workers are likely to strike, meaning some flights may still go ahead as ...
https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/news/2010/02/british-airways-cabin-crew-to-strike-your-rights/
Preliminary calculation of solar cosmic ray dose to the female breast in space mission - NASA/ADSPreliminary calculation of solar cosmic ray dose to the female breast in space mission - NASA/ADS
No regulatory dose limits are specifically assigned for the radiation exposure of female breasts during manned space flight. However, the relatively high radiosensitivity of the glandular tissue of the breasts and its potential exposure to solar flare protons on short- and long-term missions mandate a priori estimation of the associated risks. A model for estimating exposure within the breast is developed for use in future NASA missions. The female breast and torso geometry is represented by a simple interim model. A recently developed proton dose-buildup procedure is used for estimating doses. The model considers geomagnetic shielding, magnetic-storm conditions, spacecraft shielding, and body self-shielding. Inputs to the model include proton energy spectra, spacecraft orbital parameters, STS orbiter-shielding distribution at a given position, and a single parameter allowing for variation in breast size.
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991STIN...9117997S/abstract
Cosmic Magnetic Fields - English
The research area of Cosmic Magnetic Fields is dedicated to the exploration of solar, stellar, and galactic magnetic fields, along with the underlying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mechanisms that generate them. Magnetic fields drive the non-thermal output of many cosmic objects, in particular that of the Sun and other stars. It is the agent responsible for spectral atmospheric activity that in turn governs star-planet interactions. The existence of stellar and planetary magnetic fields is a decisive factor for the formation and evolution of life on planets, as magnetic fields are shields against high-energy cosmic radiation. Their existence also ensures the further evolution and survival of civilisations like ours. Yet the magnetic field is still among the least-studied unknowns of the universe. The science focus of the Branch-I is summarized here. The overview of the sections and staff members can be seen here.. ...
https://www.aip.de/en/research/research-area-cmf/research-area-cosmic-magnetic-fields
Medicine, Health and Life Sciences - Research Output - Queens University Belfast
Carr, K. E., McCullough, S., Gilmore R. St, C., Abbas, B., Hume, S. P., Nelson, A. C., Hayes, T. L. & Ainsworth, E. J., 1993, Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation.. Swenberg, C. E., Horneck, G. & Stassinopoulos, E. G. (eds.). Springer, p. 203-216 14 p.. Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter ...
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/organisations/medicine-health-and-life-sciences/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontobookanthology%2Fchapter&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false
Cabin Crew Medicals | Heathrow Medical Services UKCabin Crew Medicals | Heathrow Medical Services UK
We can screen and assess cabin crews at all stages of their careers We can support cabin crews with specific pre-employment and annual medical requirements due
http://www.heathrowmedical.com/cabin-crew-medicals/
Question? :: World of Warcraft :: ZAMQuestion? :: World of Warcraft :: ZAM
Not everyone is going to be physically able to make the trip to mars. It would take a dedicated, specially conditioned individual with experiance in microgravity. I hear some countries call them astronauts these days. The cosmic radiation issue is a big issue, but one that is solvable by a combination of magnetic shielding and lead plates, possibly combined with strategic placement of water tanks. The effects of a low light environment on humans would be detrimental, but any theoretical mars mission would need some sort of nuclear power source onboard anyways, so electricity and artificial lighting would not be an issue. Low gravity exposure over the duration of a mars mission is a problem, but we have had people in orbit (the russians on MIR and us on the ISS) sufficient in duration to have made it to mars. Addition of a centrifuge module to any theoretical mars ship would help alleviate the detremental effects, though the return trip could have complications. Its another area that would need ...
http://wow.allakhazam.com/forum.html?forum=4&mid=1322328585225689941&p=1
Influence of the shielding on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to high-energy iron ions.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Influence of the shielding on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to high-energy iron ions.. AU - Durante, Marco. AU - Gialanella, Giancarlo. AU - Grossi, Gianfranco. AU - Pugliese, Mariagabriella. AU - Scampoli, Paola. AU - Kawata, Tetsuya. AU - Yasuda, Nakahiro. AU - Furusawa, Yoshiya. N1 - Copyright: This record is sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. PY - 2002/12. Y1 - 2002/12. N2 - Computer code calculations based on biophysical models are commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of shielding in reducing the biological damage caused by cosmic radiation in space flights. Biological measurements are urgently needed to benchmark the codes. We have measured the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 56Fe-ion beams accelerated at the HIMAC synchrotron in Chiba. Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to the 500 MeV/n iron beam (dose range 0.1-1 Gy) ...
https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/influence-of-the-shielding-on-the-induction-of-chromosomal-aberra
Flare-Ups - Flight Safety FoundationFlare-Ups - Flight Safety Foundation
WIth forecasts of an increase in sunspots and solar flares in the coming months, pilots are being cautioned about a corresponding increase in the suns contribution to cosmic radiation, which some aeromedical specialists believe may be associated with skin cancers and breast cancer in crewmembers whose flights typically are conducted at higher altitudes.. The International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (IFALPA) approved a policy in late 2012 calling for some aircraft that operate above 26,000 ft in polar and sub-polar regions to be equipped with warning devices to inform pilots of sudden increases in the rate of radiation exposure.. The policy also said that flight personnel who receive an effective dose of more than 1 millisievert (mSv) of radiation per year (the equivalent of 100 tooth X-rays; Table 1, p. 34) should be recognized as occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Those who are liable to receive an effective dose greater than 6 mSv per year should be [classified as ...
https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/flare-ups/
Food Preservation and the Accidental History of Extremophile ResearchFood Preservation and the Accidental History of Extremophile Research
IMAGE: Students pose next to the first generation of transgenic tomatoes expressing the gene encoding superoxide reductase (SOR) from the extremophilic microorganism Pyrococcus furiosus. SOR reduces toxic free radicals and results in plants with increased, heat, light and drought tolerance. The tomatoes were developed at NC State by Wendy Boss and Amy Grunden and funded by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts.. In Rothschilds lab, they treat extremophiles as a genetic hardware store, she explained, packed with capabilities that they can borrow in order to, for example, engineer desiccation resistance in other organisms. This kind of bio-engineering could be used to develop crops that will grow in more saline conditions as sea-levels rise or be able to tolerate the extreme weather patterns of our climate-changed future - and it will also be needed to design seeds that can withstand cosmic radiation on their way to Mars.. After all, according to Rothschild, its not a question of ...
http://www.ediblegeography.com/food-preservation-and-the-accidental-history-of-extremophile-research/
On a Mission to Mars, Imprisoned in Turkey - Foreign PolicyOn a Mission to Mars, Imprisoned in Turkey - Foreign Policy
Last year on the eve of Ramadan, Islams holy month, Kubra Golge was tending to her garden in Houston and celebrating the birth of her second child.. This year, shes crying in the halls of Kafkaesque courts in southern Turkey, pleading for justice in a terrorism case against her husband that has come to symbolize the volatile state of Turkey and its imperiled judiciary.. On May 26, Turkish judges once again extended the imprisonment of Serkan Golge, a Turkish-American who until last year was a senior research scientist at NASA, studying the effects of space radiation on humans in advance of an eventual mission to Mars.. Golge first traveled to the United States in 2003 to pursue a Ph.D. in physics at Virginias Old Dominion University. Golge, who graduated in 2010 and was granted American citizenship in the same year, has been working for NASA as a senior research scientist since 2013. He has published several articles in prestigious science publications, such as the Journal of Applied ...
https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/06/30/on-a-mission-to-mars-imprisoned-in-turkey/
Radiation, temperature, and vacuum effects on piezoelectric wafer acti by Victor Giurgiutiu, Cristian Postolache et al.Radiation, temperature, and vacuum effects on piezoelectric wafer acti by Victor Giurgiutiu, Cristian Postolache et al.
The effect of radiation, temperature, and vacuum (RTV) on piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWASs) is discussed. This study is relevant for extending structural health monitoring (SHM) methods to space vehicle applications that are likely to be subjected to harsh environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures (hot and cold), cosmic radiation, and interplanetary vacuums. This study contains both theoretical and experimental investigations with the use of electromechanical impedance spectroscopy (EMIS). In the theoretical part, analytical models of circular PWAS resonators were used to derive analytical expressions for the temperature sensitivities of EMIS resonance and antiresonance behavior. Closed-form expressions for frequency and peak values at resonance and antiresonance were derived as functions of the coefficients of thermal expansion, the Poisson ratio, and its sensitivity, the relative compliance gradient and the Bessel function root, and its sensitivity, In the experimental part,
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/emec_facpub/700/
Cosmic background radiationCosmic background radiation
... is electromagnetic radiation from the Big Bang. The origin of this radiation depends on the region ... of the cosmic background radiation suggests that the early universe was dominated by a radiation field, a field of extremely ... Cosmic background radiation, Observational astronomy, Physical cosmology, Concepts in astronomy, Electromagnetic radiation). ... The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect shows the phenomena of radiant cosmic background radiation interacting with "electron" clouds ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation
Cosmic Radiation SatelliteCosmic Radiation Satellite
The Cosmic Radiation Satellite (CORSA) was a Japanese space telescope. It was supposed to be Japan's first X-ray astronomy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite
Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiationDiscovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology. In 1964, ... There had been a prior measurement of the cosmic background radiation (CMB) by Andrew McKellar in 1941 at an effective ... In the first, Dicke and his associates outlined the importance of cosmic background radiation as substantiation of the Big Bang ... Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. J.; Wilkinson, D. T. (July 1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation". Astrophysical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_cosmic_microwave_background_radiation
Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray StationSulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station
Shea, M.A.; Smart, D.F. (2000). "Fifty years of cosmic radiation data". Space Science Reviews. 93: 229-262. doi:10.1023/A: ... Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station, a National Historic Site of Canada found atop Sulphur Mountain in Banff National Park, ... Canada constructed nine sites to study cosmic rays, but this site in particular was the most important due to its higher ... List of astronomical observatories "Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station National Historic Site of Canada". Parks Canada. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulphur_Mountain_Cosmic_Ray_Station
Large Latin American Millimeter ArrayLarge Latin American Millimeter Array
Cosmic background radiation. Search for CO in galaxies with high redshift. Molecular abundance. Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). ... Continuum radiation from extragalactic cold dust. Molecular material in the direction of different stellar objects. ... University of Maryland and University of Chicago Cosmic Background Imager a 13 element interferometer operating in Llano de ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Latin_American_Millimeter_Array
Pioneer 10Pioneer 10
ISBN 978-0-521-41008-3. Simpson, J. A. (2001). "The cosmic radiation". In Johan A. M. Bleeker; Johannes Geiss; Martin C. E. ... Peak flux for this electron radiation is 10,000 times stronger than the maximum radiation around the Earth. Starting on ... The plutonium-238 has a half-life of 87.74 years, so that after 29 years the radiation being generated by the RTGs was at 80% ... "Cosmic Distance Scales - The Nearest Star". NASA. Retrieved June 7, 2011. "Pioneer 10 Mission Information". Archived from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10
Jim PeeblesJim Peebles
Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. G.; Wilkinson, D. T. (1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation". Astrophys. J. 142: 414. ... Clearly one of the most important during my career was the detection of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation that ... Peebles predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation. Along with making major contributions to Big Bang nucleosynthesis ... Fukugita, M.; Hogan, C. J.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1998). "The cosmic baryon budget". Astrophys. J. 503 (2): 518. arXiv:astro-ph/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Peebles
Robert H. DickeRobert H. Dicke
Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. G.; Wilkinson, D. T. (1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation". Astrophysical Journal. ... R. B. Partridge (1995). 3 K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35808-6. Penzias ... He used this to set a limit on the temperature of the microwave background radiation, from the roof of the Radiation Laboratory ... During the Second World War he worked in the Radiation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he worked ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke
Cyclic modelCyclic model
Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. G.; Wilkinson, D. T. (1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation". The Astrophysical Journal ... The matter and radiation we see today were generated during the most recent collision in a pattern dictated by quantum ... Moreover, as with cosmic inflation, while the general character of the forces (in the ekpyrotic scenario, a force between ... In 2011, a five-year survey of 200,000 galaxies and spanning 7 billion years of cosmic time confirmed that "dark energy is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_model
Phyllis S. FreierPhyllis S. Freier
"Primary Cosmic Radiation," Phys. Rev. 74:1818-1827 (1948) with E.J. Lofgren, E.P. Ney, and F. Oppenheimer "Emulsion ... Freier, P. S.; Waddington, C. J. (1965-05-01). "The helium nuclei of the primary cosmic radiation as studied over a solar cycle ... As a graduate student she presented evidence for the existence of elements heavier than helium in cosmic radiation. Her work ... At the University of Minnesota, she and her colleagues discovered the presence of heavy nuclei in cosmic radiation, which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllis_S._Freier
Observational astronomyObservational astronomy
Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. G.; Wilkinson, D. T. (July 1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation". The Astrophysical ... In addition to using electromagnetic radiation, modern astrophysicists can also make observations using neutrinos, cosmic rays ... Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large air showers they produce, and the study of cosmic rays is a rapidly ... Instruments employed during a solar eclipse could be used to measure the radiation from the corona. With the discovery of radio ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_astronomy
Willard LibbyWillard Libby
W.F. Libby (1946). "Atmospheric Helium Three and Radiocarbon from Cosmic Radiation". Physical Review. 69 (11-12): 671-672. ... W.F. Libby (1946). "Atmospheric Helium Three and Radiocarbon from Cosmic Radiation". Physical Review. 69 (11-12): 671-672. ... "On the contribution to the ionization at sea-level produced by the neutrons in the cosmic radiation". Journal of the Franklin ... "Radiocarbon From Cosmic Radiation". Science. 105 (2735): 576-577. Bibcode:1947Sci...105..576A. doi:10.1126/science.105.2735.576 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Libby
Radiocarbon datingRadiocarbon dating
Korff, S.A. (1940). "On the contribution to the ionization at sea-level produced by the neutrons in the cosmic radiation". ... primarily by galactic cosmic rays, and to a lesser degree by solar cosmic rays. These cosmic rays generate neutrons as they ... The counters are surrounded by lead or steel shielding, to eliminate background radiation and to reduce the incidence of cosmic ... Libby, W.F. (1946). "Atmospheric helium three and radiocarbon from cosmic radiation". Physical Review. 69 (11-12): 671-672. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating
Edward P. NeyEdward P. Ney
These results had a major impact, for they showed that studies of cosmic radiation could play a significant role in ... Ney, Edward P. (February 14, 1959). "Cosmic Radiation and the Weather". Nature. 183 (4659): 451-452. Bibcode:1959Natur.183.. ... After the IGY ended, Ney's interest in cosmic rays began to diminish, but in 1959, he wrote an often cited paper Cosmic Rays ... Because its agenda included studies of cosmic rays, Ney served on the IGY's US National Committee - Technical Panel on Cosmic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_P._Ney
ConcordeConcorde
1 April 1975.[permanent dead link] "Cosmic radiation". British Airways. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 11 ... Unusual solar activity might lead to an increase in incident radiation. To prevent incidents of excessive radiation exposure, ... the flight deck had a radiometer and an instrument to measure the rate of increase or decrease of radiation. If the radiation ... "How much radiation might I be exposed to?". British Airways. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 11 January ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde
Synchrotron radiationSynchrotron radiation
Most known cosmic radio sources emit synchrotron radiation. It is often used to estimate the strength of large cosmic magnetic ... Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung radiation) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when ... Cosmic ray electrons moving through the medium interact with relativistic plasma and emit synchrotron radiation which is ... Cosmic Magnetobremsstrahlung (synchrotron Radiation), by Ginzburg, V. L., Syrovatskii, S. I., ARAA, 1965 Developments in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation
Cosmic infrared backgroundCosmic infrared background
... Radiation Images TeV Blazars and Cosmic Infrared Background Radiation, F. A. Aharonian, 2001 ... Physics portal Space portal Infrared cirrus Cosmic microwave background radiation Cosmic X-ray background Taylor, Kate. "NASA ... Cosmic infrared background is infrared radiation caused by stellar dust. Recognizing the cosmological importance of the ... protons and gamma-rays of the cosmic radiation through inverse Compton scattering, photopion and electron-positron pair ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_infrared_background
List of cosmic microwave background experimentsList of cosmic microwave background experiments
Gush, H.P.; Halpern, M.; Wishnow, E.H. (July 1990). "Rocket measurement of the cosmic-background-radiation mm-wave spectrum". ... This list is a compilation of experiments measuring the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation anisotropies and ... "Cosmic background radiation anisotropy at degree angular scales - Further results from the South Pole". The Astrophysical ... and measurement of B-mode polarization as possible evidence for cosmic inflation. The design of cosmic microwave background ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cosmic_microwave_background_experiments
Cosmic microwave backgroundCosmic microwave background
The intensity of the radiation corresponds to black-body radiation at 2.726 K because red-shifted black-body radiation is just ... They ruled out cosmic strings as a major component of cosmic structure formation and suggested cosmic inflation was the right ... "relic radiation". The CMB is faint cosmic background radiation filling all space. It is an important source of data on the ... see Cosmic background radiation of the Big Bang. The anisotropy, or directional dependency, of the cosmic microwave background ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background
Rainer WeissRainer Weiss
He made pioneering measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation, with a balloon experiment that ... Weiss, Rainer (1980). "Measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation". Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 18: 489-535. Bibcode: ... "Measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 18: 489-535. Bibcode:1980ARA&A.. ... "Measurements of the Anisotropy of the Cosmic Background Radiation and Diffuse Galactic Emission at Millimeter and Submillimeter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Weiss
Ruby Payne-ScottRuby Payne-Scott
CSIR Radiophysics Laboratory Report, RP 209 (1944). "Solar and cosmic radio frequency radiation; survey of knowledge available ... With A. G. Little) "The positions and movement on the solar disk of sources of radiation at a frequency of 97 Mc/s II. Noise ... "Solar radiation at radio frequencies and its relation to sunspots." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. ... With A. G. Little) "The position and movement on the solar disk of sources of radiation at a frequency of 97 Mc/s. III. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Payne-Scott
Margaret Shea (scientist)Margaret Shea (scientist)
Margaret Ann ("Peggy") Shea is a space scientist known for research on the connections between cosmic radiation and Earth's ... Shea, M.A. (2000). "Fifty years of cosmic radiation data". Space Science Reviews. 93 (1/2): 229-262. Bibcode:2000SSRv...93.. ... Shea, M.A. (2000). "Fifty years of cosmic radiation data". Space Science Reviews. 93 (1/2): 229-262. Bibcode:2000SSRv...93.. ... In college, she monitored cosmic rays in New Hampshire and was one of three women who entered the College of Technology at the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Shea_(scientist)
Diffusion dampingDiffusion damping
Photon diffusion was first described in Joseph Silk's 1968 paper entitled "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and Galaxy Formation", ... ISBN 978-0-412-62300-4. Partridge, R. B. (1995-09-29). 3K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Cambridge University ... ISBN 978-0-8053-8912-8. Silk, Joseph (1968-02-01). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and Galaxy Formation". Astrophysical Journal. ... making the universe itself and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) more uniform. Around 300,000 years after the Big ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_damping
LOréal-UNESCO For Women in Science AwardsL'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards
Piercing the secrets of cosmic radiation. Doctor Tamara Elzein, Lebanon, Material Sciences. Trapping radioactivity. Doctor Ran ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'Oréal-UNESCO_For_Women_in_Science_Awards
Steady-state modelSteady-state model
However, if the cosmic microwave radiation ... is really black-body radiation, it will be difficult to doubt that the universe ... the definitive refutation of the steady-state model came with the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in ... However, the cosmic microwave background level is very even in all directions, making it difficult to explain how it could be ... Data from the Planck Mission shows hemispheric bias in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in two respects: one with respect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady-state_model
Theodor WulfTheodor Wulf
Energy was coming from outside the Earth's atmosphere and being detected by his device; this radiation was from cosmic rays. He ... Early Cosmic-Ray Work Published in German. CENTENARY SYMPOSIUM 2012: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS. AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP ... To test his hypothesis, in 1910 he compared the radiation at the bottom and the top of the Eiffel Tower. He found that the ... 5, pages 152-157 Victor F. Hess: "About Observations of the Penetration {through-going} Radiation During 7 Balloon Flights" ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Wulf
Rotating spheresRotating spheres
ISBN 0-521-62113-5., and Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman (1975). Big bang cosmology and the cosmic black-body radiation (in ... The isotropy of the cosmic background radiation is another indicator that the universe does not rotate. Bucket argument ... R. B. Partridge (1995). 3 K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Cambridge University Press. pp. 279-280. ISBN 0-521- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_spheres
Rafael Rebolo LópezRafael Rebolo López
doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06563.x. Study of the background cosmic microwave radiation ; read at the reception Dr. D. Rafael ... He has been a pioneer in Spain in the experimental research of the cosmic microwave background. Rebolo has developed ... Rebolo has developed research projects in cosmology, in stellar physics and exoplanets, involving the study of the cosmic ... Rebolo leads the QUIJOTE consortium for measuring the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with telescopes in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Rebolo_López
Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with NeonCryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon
Shielding reduces the cosmic and radiation background. Neon has been studied as a clear, dense, low-background scintilator. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_Low-Energy_Astrophysics_with_Neon
List of unsolved problems in physicsList of unsolved problems in physics
"Testing Isotropy of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 385 (4): 1718- ... and black hole radiation: Do black holes produce thermal radiation, as expected on theoretical grounds? Does this radiation ... How can these two concepts of time be reconciled? Cosmic inflation: Is the theory of cosmic inflation in the very early ... Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray: Why is it that some cosmic rays appear to possess energies that are impossibly high, given that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Muon tomographyMuon tomography
... and X0 is the radiation length for the material. This needs to be convolved with the cosmic ray momentum spectrum in order to ... Cosmic rays are numerous and omnipresent in outer space. Therefore, it is predicted that the interaction of the cosmic rays in ... Since the radiation levels are still very high at the inside of the reactor core, it is not likely anyone can go inside to ... Minato used cosmic ray counts to radiograph a large temple gate. Emil Frlež et al. reported using tomographic methods to track ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_tomography
Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2
To avoid false positives caused by cosmic rays tripping a given pixel, the output of different calibration shots is compared. ... The charge-coupled devices (CCDs) in the WFPC2 (designed at JPL and manufactured by Loral) detected electromagnetic radiation ... Installed on HST March 2002 Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Faint Object Camera - Installed on HST from 1990 to 2002 Faint Object ... capable of receiving infrared radiation up to 1700 nm. Other HST instruments : Wide Field and Planetary Camera - Former ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Field_and_Planetary_Camera_2
MeteoriticsMeteoritics
After breakup of the parent body meteoroids are exposed to cosmic radiation. The length of this exposure can be dated using the ... "Cosmic ray exposure ages of chondrites, pre-irradiation and constancy of cosmic ray flux in the past". Earth and Planetary ... After impact on earth (or any other planet with sufficient cosmic ray shielding) cosmogenic radionuclides decay and can be used ... Bibcode:1990GeCoA..54.2549B. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90241-C. Eugster, O (31 May 1988). "Cosmic-ray production rates for 3He, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoritics
Moon landingMoon landing
... a cosmic-ray integrating ionization chamber, cosmic dust detectors, and scintillation counters. The goal was to place these ... JPL envisioned three versions of the Ranger lunar probes: Block I prototypes, which would carry various radiation detectors in ... study radiation, measure magnetic fields, detect low frequency electromagnetic waves in space and use a sophisticated ... carrying only photocells which would be triggered by the light of the Moon and a lunar radiation environment experiment using a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_landing
Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryPacific Northwest National Laboratory
"Portable Blood Irradiator." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 60(4): 359-362. PNNL: Pacific Northwest Center for Global Security ... In 1969, NASA chose PNL to measure the concentration of both solar and galactic cosmic-ray-produced radionuclides in lunar ... Technologies to counter acts of terrorism have progressed at PNNL in this decade with the expansion of radiation portal ... radiation detection, and ultra-trace analysis. The privately funded Computational Sciences Facility and Biological Sciences ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory
Super-SkrullSuper-Skrull
Marvel, Kl'rt is trapped in the Van Allen radiation belt. A Canadian research team accidentally pulls Kl'rt back from deep ... aids Thanos in his quest for the Cosmic Cube. The Super-Skrull, attempting to capture Rick Jones for Thanos, fights Mar-Vell ... Kl'rt discovers that the radiation belt has given him cancer. Sasquatch is initially defeated by the Super-Skrull but tricks ... tricks Doctor Doom into capturing the Silver Surfer and steals the power of cosmic deity Galactus. When the Fantastic Four ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Skrull
Super-EarthSuper-Earth
The thicker atmosphere and stronger magnetic field would also shield life on the surface against harmful cosmic rays. Earth ... D'Angelo, G.; Bodenheimer, P. (2013). "Three-dimensional Radiation-hydrodynamics Calculations of the Envelopes of Young Planets ... Borenstein, S. (19 February 2011). "Cosmic census finds crowd of planets in our galaxy". Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-02-19 ... at which the temperature is just right for water to exist in liquid form rather than being stripped away by stellar radiation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Earth
Bibijana ČujecBibijana Čujec
While serving at Laval, she worked for two years at the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory at California Institute of Technology in ... In the beginning (in Ljubljana and 1954 in Lund, Sweden), she studied basic particles in cosmic rays and photo-nuclear ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibijana_Čujec
False vacuum decayFalse vacuum decay
... they would also be created in the much more energetic collisions of cosmic radiation particles with planetary surfaces or ... A number of theories suggest that cosmic inflation may be an effect of a false vacuum decaying into the true vacuum. The ... Hut and Rees note that, because cosmic ray collisions have been observed at much higher energies than those produced in ... These would in turn evaporate by emitting Hawking radiation in the 10 milliseconds or so before the larger black holes collided ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum_decay
List of Russian astronomers and astrophysicistsList of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists
... and a theory of the origin of cosmic radiation Sergey Glazenap, astronomer; a crater on the Moon and the minor planet 857 ... discovered cosmic microwave background radiation as a detectable phenomenon Alexander Dubyago, expert in theoretical ... transmitted the Cosmic Calls and Teen Age Message Yakov Zel'dovich, physicist, astrophysicist and cosmologist, the first to ... predicted cosmic microwave background Vitaly Ginzburg, co-developed the theory of superconductivity, the theory of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_astronomers_and_astrophysicists
RiometerRiometer
Electromagnetic radiation of that frequency is typically Galactic synchrotron radiation and is absorbed in the Earth's D region ... As the name implies, a riometer measures the "opacity" of the ionosphere to radio noise emanating from cosmic origin. In the ... These individual beams form pixels on the sky allowing simple images of cosmic noise absorption to be formed. More recently, ... Initially, riometers were single, wide-beam detectors and measured the cosmic noise absorption (CNA). Multi-beam riometers have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riometer
Modern searches for Lorentz violationModern searches for Lorentz violation
In particular, gamma ray bursts, galactic radiation, and the cosmic microwave background radiation are examined. The SME ... Vacuum Cherenkov radiation at superluminal speed of any particle (protons, electrons, neutrinos) having a charge structure. In ... is related to the relative velocity between the Solar System and the rest frame of the cosmic microwave background radiation of ... This is similar to the known Cherenkov radiation in media, in which particles are traveling faster than the phase velocity of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_searches_for_Lorentz_violation
Andrew McKellarAndrew McKellar
The temperature estimate was subsequently confirmed with the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which has ... and found the first evidence of the cosmic radiation left over from the Big Bang. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, ... thus revealing its ubiquity and relation to the radiation left over from the Big Bang. McKellar's early death, after a ... Almost 25 years later Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson detected microwave radiation coming from all regions of the sky ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_McKellar
Stanislaw UlamStanislaw Ulam
One of these introduced the Fermi-Ulam model, an extension of Fermi's theory of the acceleration of cosmic rays. Another, with ... The design based on these ideas, called staged radiation implosion, has become the standard way to build thermonuclear weapons ... Teller, E.; Ulam, S. (9 March 1951). "On Heterocatalytic Detonations I. - Hydrodynamic Lenses and Radiation Mirrors" (PDF). Los ... radiation therapy, and sports. The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou problem is credited not only as "the birth of experimental ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Ulam
TD-1ATD-1A
"Stellar UV Radiation Experiment". NSSDC Master Catalog. NASA. Retrieved 12 September 2011. "UV Stellar Spectrometer". NSSDC ... which studied cosmic rays, and measured their charge spectra. Spectrometry of Celestial X-Rays was another payload operated by ... Seven instruments were carried aboard TD-1A, with a combined mass of 120 kilograms (260 lb). The Stellar UV Radiation ... It consisted of scintillators and photomultipliers, which measured the radiation. The Solar X-Ray Monitor was operated by the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD-1A
Journey of Apollo 15 to the MoonJourney of Apollo 15 to the Moon
It is thought that the flashes were caused by Cherenkov radiation from high energy cosmic rays passing through the eyes. The ... One of the windows of the Apollo 15 CSM was specifically designed to transmit ultraviolet radiation, permitting the crew to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journey_of_Apollo_15_to_the_Moon
List of Puerto Rican scientists and inventorsList of Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
WMAP is a NASA Explorer mission satellite that measures the temperature of the cosmic background radiation over the full sky ... Figueroa headed the cryogenic technology section, played a key role on the Cosmic Background Explorer mission, and managed a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rican_scientists_and_inventors
Extended periodic tableExtended periodic table
Even if they are confirmed to have caused the radiation damage long ago, they might now have decayed to mere traces, or even be ... or in the ice caps of Greenland where they had been locked up from their supposed cosmic origin. By 1955, these elements were ... could be a cause of unexplained radiation damage (particularly radiohalos) in minerals. This prompted many researchers to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_periodic_table
Impact winterImpact winter
With the sun's radiation being severely diminished, the first species to die would be plants and animals who survive through ... The Earth experiences a never-ending barrage of cosmic debris. Small particles burn up as they enter the atmosphere and are ... With the Earth's atmosphere full of dust and other material, radiation from the sun would be refracted and scattered back into ... In this scenario massive amounts of debris injected into the atmosphere would block some of the sun's radiation for an extended ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_winter
Peter SylvesterPeter Sylvester
In 1968, the first cosmic landscapes. More and more processes of the emergence and decay of fantastic landscapes were included ... developed at the Central Institute for Isotope and Radiation Research of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR for the evaluation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sylvester
The Universe Around UsThe Universe Around Us
... on the expansion of the universe and cosmic radiation. In the intermediate parts of the scale, in addition to a large mass of ... episode has been the discovery that the physics of atomic nuclei can not only give a satisfactory account of the radiation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universe_Around_Us
Kosmos 3 (satellite)Kosmos 3 (satellite)
Its primary missions were to develop systems for future satellites, and to record data about cosmic rays and radiation. Kosmos ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_3_(satellite)
Wang GanchangWang Ganchang
His study of cosmic-rays lead him to publish his findings on neutral-meson decay in 1955. By 1957 he had collected more than ... relating to the emission of a new type of high-energy neutral radiation induced by the bombardment of beryllium with α ... He was one of the founding fathers of Chinese nuclear physics, cosmic rays and particle physics. Wang was also a leader in the ... From 1953 to 1956, he directed the Luoxue Mountain Cosmic Rays Research Center (落雪山宇宙线实验站) located 3185 meters above sea level ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Ganchang
Impact eventImpact event
Such effects can be shock waves, heat radiation, the formation of craters with associated earthquakes, and tsunamis if water ... Dennis Overbye (2009). "Jupiter: Our Cosmic Protector?". The New York Times. p. WK7. Roulston, M.S.; Ahrens, T (March 1997). " ... Paine, Michael; Peiser, Benny (2002). "The Frequency and Consequences of Cosmic Impacts Since the Demise of the Dinosaurs". ... "cosmic vacuum cleaner" of the Solar System. 2009 studies suggest an impact frequency of one every 50-350 years, for an object ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event
GalactusGalactus
Processing this cosmic energy allows Galactus to utilize a force known as the Power Cosmic to perform great feats, which have ... including Sue being blinded and Johnny burning himself while Reed is damaged by the radiation in Galactus's ship, but Reed is ... When an unknown cosmic cataclysm gradually begins killing off all of the other life in his universe, Galan and other survivors ... Director Tim Story said he created Galactus as a cosmic cloud so a future Silver Surfer spin-off film would be unique as the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactus
Total absorption spectroscopyTotal absorption spectroscopy
The purpose of it is to absorb most of the external radiation (neutrons, cosmic rays, and the room background). Pandemonium ... It also allows the placement of ancillary detectors in the opposite side to measure other types of radiation emitted by the ... Total absorption spectroscopy is a measurement technique that allows the measurement of the gamma radiation emitted in the ... Normally the TAS detectors have the possibility to place ancillary detectors inside of them, to measure secondary radiation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_absorption_spectroscopy
List of X-Men: The Animated Series charactersList of X-Men: The Animated Series characters
Powers: Metabolizes cosmic radiation and discharges it as energy blasts from his arms. Multiple Man / James Madrox - Multiple ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_X-Men:_The_Animated_Series_characters
Hot dark matterHot dark matter
However, data from the cosmic microwave background radiation, as measured by the COBE satellite, is highly uniform, and such ... In other words, hot dark matter being the sole substance in explaining cosmic galaxy formation is no longer viable, placing hot ... Within physics, this behavior is characterized by dark matter not interacting with electromagnetic radiation, hence making it ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dark_matter
NASA Institute for Advanced ConceptsNASA Institute for Advanced Concepts
Spacecraft Scale Magnetospheric Protection from Galactic Cosmic Radiation Slava Turyshev: Direct Multipixel Imaging and ... Electrostatic Active Space Radiation Shielding for Deep Space Missions Werka, Robert: Proposal for a Concept Assessment of a ... Radiation Shielding Materials Containing Hydrogen, Boron, and Nitrogen: Systematic Computational and Experimental Study ... Deep Mapping of Small Solar System Bodies with Galactic Cosmic Ray Secondary Particle Showers Rothschild, Lynn: Biomaterials ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Institute_for_Advanced_Concepts
Radiation Studies - CDC: Cosmic RadiationRadiation Studies - CDC: Cosmic Radiation
... also known as cosmic radiation. Provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ... radiation. UV radiation is not considered cosmic radiation. Unlike cosmic radiation, UV radiation is lower in energy and is ... What is the risk from cosmic radiation?. Cosmic radiation exposes the body to radiation in a manner similar to exposure from a ... Radiation dose due to cosmic radiation will vary with altitude. Higher altitudes mean greater exposure to cosmic radiation. ...
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/cosmic.html
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20033840 - Cosmic radiation exposure of commercial flight crew.NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20033840 - Cosmic radiation exposure of commercial flight crew.
Flight crew are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation at aircraft altitudes. Exposure estimates are needed for ... Radiation; Radiation-exposure; Radiation-measurement; Radiation-monitoring; Circadian-rhythms; Flight-personnel; Air- ... We measured cosmic radiation dose equivalent on 32 commercial flights using tissue-equivalent proportional counters and ... Flight crew are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation at aircraft altitudes. Exposure estimates are needed for ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20033840.html
Cosmic Gun: Detect Gamma Radiation - EyebeamCosmic Gun: Detect Gamma Radiation - Eyebeam
Build your own Cosmic Gun, or custom cosmic ray detector. Cosmic Gun, the device art, is an amateur, low-cost astronomy project ... This is an alternative to the Geiger-Müller tube (GM Tubes); while they are the most common way to detect radiation, they are ... Cosmic Gun is originally commissioned by New Vision Arts Festival 2014, Leisure and Cultural Services Department, the ... The metaphor of contacting cosmic rays is far more than literally interpreted, the poetics of this project built upon the ...
https://www.eyebeam.org/events/cosmic-gun-detect-gamma-radiation/
Whip It Good! Stars Radiation Beam Sparks Cosmic Light Show | SpaceWhip It Good! Star's Radiation Beam Sparks Cosmic Light Show | Space
... newly discovered star is whipping its companion with radiation, making the whole system pulse like an 80s power- pop dance ... Whip It Good! Stars Radiation Beam Sparks Cosmic Light Show. By Elizabeth Howell ... A white dwarf star (the remains of a star that has run out of fuel) is whipping its companion with a beam of radiation. This ... A white dwarf star (the remains of a star that has run out of fuel) is whipping its companion with a beam of radiation. This ...
https://www.space.com/33567-star-whips-companion-with-radiation-beam.html
PDF] Observations with Electron-Sensitive Plates Exposed to Cosmic Radiation | Semantic ScholarPDF] Observations with Electron-Sensitive Plates Exposed to Cosmic Radiation | Semantic Scholar
Observations on Slow Mesons of the Cosmic Radiation. *U. Camerini, H. Muirhead, C. Powell, D. Ritson ... Observations on the Production of Mesons by Cosmic Radiation. *G. Occhialini, C. Powell ... Observations with Electron-Sensitive Plates Exposed to Cosmic Radiation. @article{Brown1949ObservationsWE, title={Observations ... Some Properties of Penetrating Cosmic-Ray Showers and Star Phenomena seen in the Cloud Chamber. *C. C. Butler, W. Rosser, K. H ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Observations-with-Electron-Sensitive-Plates-Exposed-Brown-Camerini/2604e1d8484e0dad078457f5f1fce0f75503fa4a
The Theoretical Agenda in Cosmic Backround Radiation Research - NASA/ADSThe Theoretical Agenda in Cosmic Backround Radiation Research - NASA/ADS
Our goal is to understand how all cosmic structure we see arose and what the Universe is made of, and to use this to discover ... We transport fields, matter and radiation into the linear (primary anisotropies) and nonlinear (secondary anisotropies) regimes ... Our goal is to understand how all cosmic structure we see arose and what the Universe is made of, and to use this to discover ... We transport fields, matter and radiation into the linear (primary anisotropies) and nonlinear (secondary anisotropies) regimes ...
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996AAS...189.6601B/abstract
Cosmic Radiation - Berthold Technologies GmbH & Co.KGCosmic Radiation - Berthold Technologies GmbH & Co.KG
The earth is continuously exposed to high energy radiation originating from outside the solar system ... ... Cosmic Radiation. The earth is continuously exposed to high energy radiation originating from outside the solar system - a ... and the high-energy cosmic rays. By employing a reference channel measuring the cosmic radiation only, Berthold was able to ... Due to cosmic radiation, Berthold was able to introduce a unique stabilization method that intrinsically compensates for all ...
https://www.berthold.com/en-us/process-control/knowledge/cosmic-radiation/
2109.08701] Exploring the high-redshift PBH-$Λ$CDM Universe: early black hole seeding, the first stars and cosmic radiation...2109.08701] Exploring the high-redshift PBH-$Λ$CDM Universe: early black hole seeding, the first stars and cosmic radiation...
Title:Exploring the high-redshift PBH-$Λ$CDM Universe: early black hole seeding, the first stars and cosmic radiation ... In addition to tracing the star formation and reionizaton history, it permits us to evaluate the Cosmic Infrared and X-ray ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.08701
CEN - EN ISO 20785-2 - Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft - Part 2: Characterization of...CEN - EN ISO 20785-2 - Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft - Part 2: Characterization of...
REPORT 84 - Reference Data for the Validation of Doses from Cosmic-Radiation Exposure of Aircraft Crew Published by ICRU on ... Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft - Part 2: Characterization of instrument response active, Most ... Aircraft crews are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation of galactic and solar origins and secondary raiations ... Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft - Part 2: Characterization of instrument response ...
https://standards.globalspec.com/standards/detail?docId=14319750
Rikky Moller Design | LogoLoungeRikky Moller Design | LogoLounge
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation big. We look at the big picture and how to get you where you need to go. We have big ... Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation big. We look at the big picture and how to get you where you need to go. We have big ...
https://www.logolounge.com/designers/rikkymollerdesign
Sudbury News: NOSM to study cosmic radiation for the Canadian Space Agency | CTV NewsSudbury News: NOSM to study cosmic radiation for the Canadian Space Agency | CTV News
A partnership between Sudburys NOSM University and SNOLAB has researchers looking into the effects of space cosmic radiation. ... A partnership between Sudburys NOSM University and SNOLAB has researchers looking into the effects of space cosmic radiation. ... radiation is something that were exposed to on a daily basis from a combination of different sources from cosmic radiation to ... Artemis Mission while researchers in Sudbury are utilizing the same yeast in the SNOLAB which is shielded from cosmic radiation ...
https://northernontario.ctvnews.ca/nosm-to-study-cosmic-radiation-for-the-canadian-space-agency-1.6091830?cache=yes%3FautoPlay%3FclipId%3D373266%3FcontactForm%3Dtrue
Friday FACTS: cosmic radiationFriday FACTS: cosmic radiation
... cosmic radiation. Forfatter SunnivaPublisert 3. april 2016. Legg igjen en kommentar til Friday FACTS: cosmic radiation ... the intensity of the cosmic radiation doubles. If you go to 5000 meters, the radiation is 8 to 10 times more intense than at ... 0.55 from external gamma radiation, 0.35 from internal gamma radiation, and then just 0.35 from cosmic 😉 ) ... cosmic radiation is a mixture of particles, like protons, neutrons, alphas, and electrons, and gamma- and X-rays. Most of it ...
https://sunnivarose.no/2016/04/03/friday-facts-cosmic-radiation/
Measurements of Cosmic Microwave Radiation by D.T. Wilkinson (paper presented at the 13th Texas Symposium on Relativistic..."Measurements of Cosmic Microwave Radiation" by D.T. Wilkinson (paper presented at the 13th Texas Symposium on Relativistic...
Measurements of Cosmic Microwave Radiation by D.T. Wilkinson (paper presented at the 13th Texas Symposium on Relativistic ... "Measurements of Cosmic Microwave Radiation" by D.T. Wilkinson (paper presented at the 13th Texas Symposium on Relativistic ... Measurements of Cosmic Microwave Radiation by D.T. Wilkinson (paper presented at the 13th Texas Symposium on Relativistic ... Wilkinson was a pioneer in the study and analysis of cosmic microwave background radiation, the nature and existence of which ...
https://findingaids.princeton.edu/catalog/C0945_c0039
THE COSMIC MICROWAVE RADIATION BACKGROUND (2) - PhysicSpaceTHE COSMIC MICROWAVE RADIATION BACKGROUND (2) - PhysicSpace
... www.physicspace.com.ng/2018/09/the-cosmic-microwave-radiation_4.html rel=nofollow target=_blank> ... Dicke had begun to wonder whether there might not be some observable radiation left over from a hot dense early stage of cosmic ... "Radiation" is of course a general term, encompassing electromagnetic waves of all wavelengths-not only radio waves, but ... In his talk, and in a preprint written in March 1965, Peebles had considered the radiation that might have been present in the ...
https://www.physicspace.com.ng/2018/09/the-cosmic-microwave-radiation_4.html
Cosmic Background Radiation - Engineering and Technology History Wiki
Map of intensity variations in the cosmic background radiation from COBE satellite data. The hot red band across the equator is ... The second instrument was a differential microwave radiometer (DMR) used to map the cosmic radiation precisely. The third ... One was a far-infrared absolute spectrophotometer (FIRAS) to compare the cosmic microwave background radiation with a blackbody ... Gamow calculated the intensity of this remnant radiation to be equal to the radiation from a body kept at a temperature of ...
https://ethw.org/Cosmic_Background_Radiation
Ether or Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) | Science versus TruthEther or Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) | Science versus Truth
Ether or Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). While explaining the wave like behaviour of photons in the double slit ... Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). And as usual they have a weird explanation for that observation. ...
https://sciencevstruth.org/2014/03/13/ether-or-cosmic-microwave-backgound-radiation-cmbr/
Apollo Astronaut CV-Death Excess Blamed on Radiation in SpaceApollo Astronaut CV-Death Excess Blamed on Radiation in Space
A speculative proposal that particle radiation may have led to CV disease in Apollo space travelers was backed by animal ... Cite this: Apollo Astronaut Excess CV Deaths Blamed on Cosmic Radiation During Lunar Voyage - Medscape - Aug 09, 2016. ... In addition, say researchers, experiments that simulated weightlessness and cosmic-radiation exposure in rats and looked at ... Apollo Astronaut Excess CV Deaths Blamed on Cosmic Radiation During Lunar Voyage. ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/867252
Worker Health Study Summaries - Flight Attendant Other Cancers | NIOSH | CDCWorker Health Study Summaries - Flight Attendant Other Cancers | NIOSH | CDC
Cosmic Radiation: a form of ionizing radiation that comes from outer space. A very small amount of this radiation reaches the ... Work-related exposures to cosmic radiation and circadian disruption were not linked to skin melanoma, thyroid cancer, cervical ... At flight altitudes, passengers and aircrew are exposed to higher levels of cosmic radiation. ... or ovarian cancer were linked to work-related exposure to cosmic radiation or circadian disruption?. A: The factors we took ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pgms/worknotify/faothercancers.html
Exploiting different active silicon detectors in the International Space Station: ALTEA and DOSTEL galactic cosmic radiation ...Exploiting different active silicon detectors in the International Space Station: ALTEA and DOSTEL galactic cosmic radiation ...
Key words: International space station / ALTEA / DOSTEL / Galactic cosmic radiation / Space radiation measurements ... Long term variations of galactic cosmic radiation on board the International Space Station, on the Moon and on the surface of ... Exploiting different active silicon detectors in the International Space Station: ALTEA and DOSTEL galactic cosmic radiation ( ... which in turn produce changes in the radiation environment. This model will have to undergo a final validation with a radiation ...
https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/abs/2017/01/swsc170012/swsc170012.html
Learn Science | Page 29 | Science Mission DirectorateLearn Science | Page 29 | Science Mission Directorate
Galactic Cosmic Radiation in the Interplanetary Space Through a Modern Secular MinimumGalactic Cosmic Radiation in the Interplanetary Space Through a Modern Secular Minimum
... Academic Article * View record in Web of ...
https://findscholars.unh.edu/display/publication526586
THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (CMB) FROM THE BIG BANG - Rick DobleTHE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (CMB) FROM THE BIG BANG - Rick Doble
A PROPOSAL BY RICK DOBLE FOR AN UNREALIZED ART PROJECT BASED ON PROCESSING THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (CMB) FROM ... A PROPOSAL BY RICK DOBLE FOR AN UNREALIZED ART PROJECT BASED ON PROCESSING THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (CMB) FROM ... A PROPOSAL BY RICK DOBLE FOR AN UNREALIZED ART PROJECT BASED ON PROCESSING THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (CMB) FROM ... A PROPOSAL BY RICK DOBLE FOR AN UNREALIZED ART PROJECT BASED ON PROCESSING THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (CMB) FROM ...
https://aup.e-flux.com/project/rick-doble-the-cosmic-microwave-background-radiation-cmb-from-the-big-bang/?img=1&rnd=0
How Is Cosmic Background Radiation Detected? The 10 Correct Answer - Chiangmaiplaces.netHow Is Cosmic Background Radiation Detected? The 10 Correct Answer - Chiangmaiplaces.net
How is cosmic background radiation detected?? Please visit this website to see the detailed answer ... what is cosmic microwave background radiation. Information related to the topic How is cosmic background radiation detected?. ... What is the cosmic microwave background radiation?. The Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, or CMB for short, is a faint ... Home » How Is Cosmic Background Radiation Detected? The 10 Correct Answer. How Is Cosmic Background Radiation Detected? The 10 ...
https://chiangmaiplaces.net/how-is-cosmic-background-radiation-detected-the-10-correct-answer/
How the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation falsified atheism | WINTERY KNIGHTHow the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation falsified atheism | WINTERY KNIGHT
How the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation falsified atheism. 04/17/2021. Wintery Knight 1 Comment ... One thought on "How the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation falsified atheism" * Pingback: mid-week ... and one of the most interesting and famous is the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation. ... The microwave radiation is only 3 degrees above Absolute Zero or -270 degrees C,1 and is uniformly perceptible from all ...
https://winteryknight.com/2021/04/17/how-the-discovery-of-the-cosmic-microwave-background-radiation-falsified-atheism-10/?replytocom=244166
Tree Ring Dating Confirms Historical Accounts of Blood Aurora as Extreme Cosmic RadiationTree Ring Dating Confirms Historical Accounts of 'Blood Aurora' as Extreme Cosmic Radiation
The sky phenomena were due to two cosmic events with extreme levels of cosmic radiation from the sun with global influence, ... The extreme levels of cosmic radiation have put traces in these very old trees since the radiation has altered the appearance ... there are clear effects of cosmic radiation, indicating that the cosmic events affected the entire globe. ... Home /Earth/Tree Ring Dating Confirms Historical Accounts of Blood Aurora as Extreme Cosmic Radiation ...
http://www.illustratedcuriosity.com/earth/tree-ring-dating-confirms-historical-accounts-of-blood-aurora-as-extreme-cosmic-radiation/
Watch this: Fukushima engineers perform risky extraction of nuclear fuel rods - The VergeWatch this: Fukushima engineers perform risky extraction of nuclear fuel rods - The Verge
Cosmic radiation will finally get us inside the Fukushima reactors. Jun 18, 2014, 1:57 PM UTC. ... Each team can only work for two hours at a time, in an effort to minimize exposure to radiation. And a single misstep during ...
https://www.theverge.com/2013/11/20/5127128/fukushima-engineers-perform-risky-extraction-of-nuclear-fuel-rods
Cosmic radiation might prevent you from planting a vegetable garden on Mars | ORDO NEWSCosmic radiation might prevent you from planting a vegetable garden on Mars | ORDO NEWS
Read more about Cosmic radiation might prevent you from planting a vegetable garden on Mars on ORDO News. Find out more the ... Home/News/Cosmic radiation might prevent you from planting a vegetable garden on Mars. Cosmic radiation might prevent you from ... although the actual cosmic radiation that bombards the surface of Mars is made up of various types of radiation, including ... To prove his suspicion that cosmic radiation could be harmful to plants, Vamelink decided to test the hypothesis himself. ...
https://ordonews.com/cosmic-radiation-might-prevent-you-from-planting-a-vegetable-garden-on-mars/
How To Shield Yourself From Low-Level Radiation Using Radiation Protective Foods | COSMIC CONVERGENCEHow To Shield Yourself From Low-Level Radiation Using Radiation Protective Foods | COSMIC CONVERGENCE
How To Shield Yourself From Low-Level Radiation Using Radiation Protective Foods. By Cosmic Convergence - ... Radiation Protective Foods: How To Shield Yourself From Low-Level Radiation. *This great book will soon be available in audio ... Radiation Protective Foods can be part of your health-enhancing tool kit to build your innate radiation protection through the ... Heres the description of RADIATION PROTECTION FOODS at Amazon.com.. "This is the 2014 revised edition of Radiation Protective ...
http://cosmiconvergence.com/2015/06/28/how-to-shield-yourself-from-low-level-radiation-using-radiation-protective-foods/
2D Genus Topology of 21-cm differential brightness temperature during cosmic radiation : Sussex Research Online2D Genus Topology of 21-cm differential brightness temperature during cosmic radiation : Sussex Research Online
2D Genus Topology of 21-cm differential brightness temperature during cosmic radiation ... 2D Genus Topology of 21-cm differential brightness temperature during cosmic radiation. Journal of The Korean Astronomical ... The 21-cm radiation background from high redshift is analyzed through calculation of the 2-dimensional (2D) genus. The ... We find that (1) the 2D genus curve reflects the evolutionary track of cosmic reionization and (2) the 2D genus curve can ...
http://srodev.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70078/
Earth'sExposures to cosmic radiationMicrowave backgroundLevels of cosmic radiationHigh-energy cosmic raysParticlesCOBEContacting cosmic raysInflationMeasurementsAstronautsRadonAltitudesCivilian aircraftIntergalactic mediumNuclearExperimentsDetectorForm of radiation that comesMilky WayRadioactiveType of radiationNASAExposure to Ionizing RadiationUnstableReaches the earthBangStellar windsDecayGamma raysRays hitIonizing Radiation ExposureFilamentLonger wavelengthsAnnual doseIntensityEffectsEarthDose equivalentUniverseUltraviolet radiationSolar systemFlightAltitudeLackVariations2016Natural source of radiationBackgroundResearchersElectromagneticNeutronsDifferentialDescribeScientistsInteraction
Earth's9
  • Charged particles react with the earth's atmosphere to produce secondary radiation which reaches the earth. (cdc.gov)
  • Even the astronauts' stay on the ISS is not quite equivalent, since the station is at such a distance, where it is still under the protection of the Earth's magnetosphere, protecting it from the aggressive effects of cosmic radiation, which is a consequence of the supernova explosion. (great-spacing.com)
  • HOUSTON, TX - The 24 Apollo astronauts who voyaged to the moon are unique among humans for having left the shielding of earth's atmosphere and Van Allen belts against the high-energy cosmic rays of deep space. (medscape.com)
  • If the findings reflect what happens in humans, chronic vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by the so-called "high atomic number and energy" (HZE) particles that contribute to cosmic rays may promote coronary atherosclerosis in space travelers who voyage beyond the earth's natural protections, according to the authors, led by Dr Michael D Delp (Florida State University, Tallahassee). (medscape.com)
  • Mars lacks the same degree of protection from cosmic radiation that Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field provide. (ordonews.com)
  • Since the 1950s, the IRF has conducted long-term measurements of the ionosphere, cosmic radiation, auroral activity and the earth's magnetic field from, primarily, Kiruna, Lycksele and Uppsala. (irf.se)
  • When cosmic rays hit the top of Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles and photons that rain down on Earth's surface. (wordpress.com)
  • Cosmic rays can also alter the electro-chemistry of Earth's upper atmosphere and are thought to play some role in sparking lightning. (wordpress.com)
  • The intensification of cosmic rays can have important consequences on such things as Earth's cloud cover and climate, the safety of air travelers, and as a possible trigger mechanism for lightning. (wordpress.com)
Exposures to cosmic radiation1
  • Work-related exposures to cosmic radiation and circadian disruption were not linked to skin melanoma, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, or ovarian cancer. (cdc.gov)
Microwave background19
  • Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation big. (logolounge.com)
  • Wilkinson was a pioneer in the study and analysis of cosmic microwave background radiation, the nature and existence of which have yielded, through his lifetime's work, solid evidence for the Big Bang theory of the universe's birth. (princeton.edu)
  • Gamow calculated the intensity of this remnant radiation to be equal to the radiation from a body kept at a temperature of approximately 3 °K (-270 °C, -454 °F). This radiation has since been called the cosmic microwave background (CMB). (ethw.org)
  • As a result of the large-scale dissimilarity in the distribution of matter in the universe, the cosmological theories require that the intensity (and hence the "temperature") of the cosmic microwave background radiation vary with direction in the sky. (ethw.org)
  • One was a far-infrared absolute spectrophotometer (FIRAS) to compare the cosmic microwave background radiation with a blackbody of precisely known temperature. (ethw.org)
  • COBE was launched in November 1989 and enabled the microwave background radiation spectrum to be measured about 1000 times more precisely than was previously possible. (ethw.org)
  • In July of 2001, the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (or MAP) satellite was launched to find out more about cosmic microwave background with even more precision than COBE]. (ethw.org)
  • The data collected by COBE showed that the cosmic microwave background has an intrinsic anisotropy of the order of 1 part in 100,000. (ethw.org)
  • These tiny variations in the intensity of the cosmic microwave background over the sky show how matter and energy were distributed when the universe was still very young. (ethw.org)
  • But our modern physicists, as is usually the case, have misinterpreted, misunderstood and mislabelled that as 'Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation' (CMBR). (sciencevstruth.org)
  • Bell Labs' Horn Antenna in Crawford Hill, NJ - In 1964 while using the Horn Antenna , Penzias and Wilson stumbled on the microwave background radiation that permeates the universe. (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • On May 20, 1964 , American radio astronomers Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), the ancient light that began saturating the universe 380,000 years after its creation. (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • So, there are several scientific discoveries that led scientists to accept the creation event, and one of the most interesting and famous is the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation. (winteryknight.com)
  • With its expected launch in the middle of the 2020s with a H3 rocket, LiteBIRD plans to map the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation over the full sky with unprecedented precision. (sissa.it)
  • In April 1992, a team of scientists working on data from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite made a dramatic announcement: They had found what proponents of the Big Bang theory of the cosmos called the 'Holy Grail'--the long-sought 'bumps' in the cosmic microwave background radiation. (icr.org)
  • Thus, according to Big-Bang theorists, the cosmic microwave background radiation we see today would be light from their primordial fireball, but red-shifted down to low intensities and long wavelengths. (icr.org)
  • The clumps should have left evidence of themselves as hot and cold spots in the cosmic microwave background. (icr.org)
  • Formation of domain wall network influence on the late stages of cosmological inflation and the cosmic microwave background radiation . (wn.com)
  • In 2013, the Planck area telescope launched the most in-depth map to date of the cosmic microwave background, the relic radiation from the Big Bang. (navigueweb.com)
Levels of cosmic radiation4
  • At flight altitudes, passengers and aircrew are exposed to higher levels of cosmic radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The sky phenomena were due to two cosmic events with extreme levels of cosmic radiation from the sun with global influence, according to an international research group who has analyzed old trees that grew during this period. (illustratedcuriosity.com)
  • The extreme levels of cosmic radiation have put traces in these very old trees since the radiation has altered the appearance of the carbon atoms and caused special carbon monotopes in the growing trees. (illustratedcuriosity.com)
  • The study, recently published in Nature Communications, can contribute to more knowledge of so-called space weather and how extreme levels of cosmic radiation can affect vulnerable technology systems that are important to today's society. (illustratedcuriosity.com)
High-energy cosmic rays1
  • The cosmic rays are much higher in energy which allows the radiometric detector to distinguish internally between gamma radiation coming from the measurement source (Co-60 or Cs-137) and the high-energy cosmic rays. (berthold.com)
Particles7
  • Cosmic radiation consists of high-energy charged particles, x-rays and gamma rays produced in space. (cdc.gov)
  • Cloud-chamber photographs of cosmic-ray showers containing penetrating particles have been obtained at sea level. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Abstract This account recalls early observations of elementary particles from cosmic ray experiments, using the nuclear emulsion technique. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The team settled on using gamma rays generated by radioactive cobalt, although the actual cosmic radiation that bombards the surface of Mars is made up of various types of radiation, including alpha and beta particles. (ordonews.com)
  • Ionizing radiation is energy that is carried by several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, x ray machines, and fuel elements in nuclear reactors. (cdc.gov)
  • The research also aims at investigating the changes that particles and radiation from the sun cause in the upper atmosphere. (irf.se)
  • High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere, or spacecraft and may create secondary radiation as a result of collisions with the atmosphere or spacecraft. (bvsalud.org)
COBE3
  • The collection contains the administrative (including his NASA and/or National Science Foundation funding and accounting paperwork) and background history of two of Wilkinson's main projects -- the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) -- as well as evidence of the many and varied academic activities in his career. (princeton.edu)
  • Map of intensity variations in the cosmic background radiation from COBE satellite data. (ethw.org)
  • In an attempt to detect this anisotropy (or direction-dependence) of temperature, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center developed a satellite called Cosmic Background Explorer (or COBE). (ethw.org)
Contacting cosmic rays1
  • The metaphor of contacting cosmic rays is far more than literally interpreted, the poetics of this project built upon the notion that 'The Solar System belongs to everyone on this planet, any authorities aim for taking this fundamental rights away is brutally attacking our beliefs on human rights as a global citizen. (eyebeam.org)
Inflation2
  • This allows us to test well-motivated cosmic inflation models. (sissa.it)
  • The universe is generally understood to have begun with the Big Bang , followed almost instantaneously by cosmic inflation , an expansion of space from which the universe is thought to have emerged 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago. (wikipedia.org)
Measurements6
  • Reference: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. (cdc.gov)
  • The scintillation detectors used in state-of-the-art radiometric measurements are designed to detect gamma radiation which is emitted from an industrial source - usually Cs-137 or Co-60 isotopes. (berthold.com)
  • The automatic detector stabilization method based on cosmic rays leads to outstanding long-term stability of radiometric level and density measurements. (berthold.com)
  • Measurements taken by Penzias and Wilson showed the presence of a background noise level equivalent to thermal radiation at 3 °K. Since there was no apparent source for this radiation, they concluded that the radiation is a "fossil" left behind by the big bang. (ethw.org)
  • The International Space Station (ISS) is a space habitat that features a radiation environment inside which is similar to what will be found in habitats in deep space, if we use measurements acquired only during high latitude passages (where the effects of the Earth magnetic field are reduced). (swsc-journal.org)
  • The exploitation of the radiation measurements performed in the ISS by all the available instruments is therefore mandatory to provide the largest possible database to the scientific community, to be merged with detailed Computer Aided Design (CAD) models, in the quest for a full model validation. (swsc-journal.org)
Astronauts7
  • Like the ones that make up the cosmic radiation rays that astronauts will surely meet on their way during long flights, said scientists from the University of California. (great-spacing.com)
  • This is not the most joyful news for astronauts who are preparing to go to a two or three year flight to Mars," said lead researcher Charles Limoli, a professor of radiation oncology. (great-spacing.com)
  • The scientific aspect of this issue is twofold: knowing the radiation environment the astronauts are going to face and linking radiation exposure to health risks. (swsc-journal.org)
  • In their largely speculative report, published July 28, 2016 in Scientific Reports , the group argues that endothelial dysfunction secondary to unusual cosmic-radiation exposure may be responsible for the seemingly much higher CV mortality among deceased Apollo astronauts who went to the moon compared with astronauts who never traveled beyond lower-earth orbit. (medscape.com)
  • In the analysis, the seven deceased Apollo astronauts who made the moon voyage, according to the authors, had received an average 0.59 cGy of radiation during the trips, about half of which was from cosmic rays. (medscape.com)
  • the astronauts can form a barrier from these radiation waves. (greatlakesledger.com)
  • Cosmic rays pose an even greater hazard to astronauts, of course. (wordpress.com)
Radon1
  • Childhood leukemia incidence and exposure to indoor radon, terrestrial and cosmic gamma radiation. (inserm.fr)
Altitudes2
  • Higher altitudes mean greater exposure to cosmic radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Flight crew are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation at aircraft altitudes. (cdc.gov)
Civilian aircraft1
  • ISO 20785:2012 gives the conceptual basis for the determination of ambient dose equivalent for the evaluation of exposure to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft and for the calibration of instruments used for this purpose. (iso.org)
Intergalactic medium2
  • A novel method to characterize the topology of the early-universe intergalactic medium during the epoch of cosmic reionization is presented. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • DARE will use the highly-redshifted hyperfine 21 cm transition from neutral hydrogen to track the formation of the first luminous objects by their impact on the intergalactic medium during the end of the Dark Ages and during Cosmic Dawn. (blogspot.com)
Nuclear6
  • Peebles noted that if there had not been an intense background of radiation present during the first few minutes of the universe, nuclear reactions would have proceeded so rapidly that a large fraction of the hydrogen present would have been "cooked" into heavier elements, in contradiction with the fact that about three-quarters of the present universe is hydrogen. (com.ng)
  • This book describes the crucial problem of nuclear power and offers ways to shield yourself from the on-going ambient and post-Fukushima levels of radiation by the use of foods with protective properties. (cosmiconvergence.com)
  • We can think of no better way to protect yourself from environmental exposure to nuclear radiation than the efficacious food recommendations in Sara Shannon's excellent book. (cosmiconvergence.com)
  • and global fallout as it exists in the environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices or from past nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl that contribute to background radiation and are not under the control of the licensee. (nrc.gov)
  • Background radiation " does not include radiation from source, byproduct, or special nuclear materials regulated by the Commission. (nrc.gov)
  • ENV is also involved in many projects related to ionizing radiation from medical diagnostic examinations, occupational activities, and environmental exposures from fal out from nuclear accidents, nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear waste disposal. (who.int)
Experiments2
  • In addition, say researchers, experiments that simulated weightlessness and cosmic-radiation exposure in rats and looked at their physiologic effects found evidence of "sustained vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Computer experiments on massive supercomputers have shown that in such a Universe a huge number of small "dwarf" galaxies weighing just one thousandth of the Milky Way should have formed in our cosmic neighborhood. (scitechdaily.com)
Detector4
  • Build your own Cosmic Gun, or custom cosmic ray detector. (eyebeam.org)
  • Since the rate of cosmic radiation is known to be stable, any fluctuations detected in the reference channel will be related to a change of detector sensitivity caused by temperature effects. (berthold.com)
  • As a result the detector internal gain is automatically adjusted in such a way that the cosmic rate is kept within its target value and measurement sensitivity remains stable. (berthold.com)
  • They will also design (using paper and pencil) a cosmic ray detector to answer their own questions. (nasa.gov)
Form of radiation that comes1
  • Another form of radiation that comes from our sun is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (cdc.gov)
Milky Way1
  • They knew it wasn't radiation from the Milky Way or extraterrestrial radio sources. (winteryknight.com)
Radioactive3
  • Once Vamelink and his team got the radioactive cobalt, the scientists grew rye and watercress in two groups: one under typical growing conditions, and the other under similar conditions, but with the addition of gamma radiation. (ordonews.com)
  • To explain what ionizing radiation is, we will start with a discussion of atoms, how they come to be radioactive, and how they give off ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Radiation control during radioactive waste burial. (ruscable.ru)
Type of radiation3
  • This type of radiation is called cosmic radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and the type of radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • This type of radiation, which you can also find in medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners, has increased more than 20% in the stratosphere. (wordpress.com)
NASA2
  • Man's flight to deep, deep space, such as Mars or asteroids, is one of the priorities for NASA, but the results of recent tests conducted on mice showed that prolonged exposure to cosmic radiation adversely affects the brain. (great-spacing.com)
  • The NASA Lunar Science Institute ( NLSI ) reports two of their collaborating working groups are suggesting putting a radio telescope in orbit around the Moon where it can put a significant part of its time exploring this cosmic Dark Age, the Darks Ages Radio Explorer (DARE). (blogspot.com)
Exposure to Ionizing Radiation4
  • Occupational Radiation Protection: Protecting Workers Against Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Proceedings of an International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection - Protecting Workers against Exposure to Ionizing Radiation, Geneva, Switzerland, August 26-30, 2002. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation can come from many sources. (cdc.gov)
  • This information is important because exposure to ionizing radiation may harm you and because these sites may be sources of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Even in the event that you are exposed, it does not necessarily mean you will be harmed or suffer longterm health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
Unstable1
  • Unstable cosmic domain walls decay also should produce potentially observable radiation. (wn.com)
Reaches the earth1
  • A very small amount of this radiation reaches the earth. (cdc.gov)
Bang5
  • In 1948 physicist George Gamow predicted that if a big bang had occurred it would have left behind a tell tale sign-microwave radiation that would pervade the universe. (ethw.org)
  • The CMB radiation was emitted 13.7 billion years ago, only a few hundred thousand years after the Big Bang, long before stars or galaxies ever existed. (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • At the same time, the two astronomers learned that Princeton University physicist Robert Dicke had predicted that if the Big Bang had occurred, there would be low level radiation found throughout the universe. (winteryknight.com)
  • About a million years after this 'big bang,' they claimed, the resulting fireball of expanding incandescent gas would cool down to about 3000 ° C, and the thermal radiation in the fireball would be in the visible light part of the spectrum. (icr.org)
  • Darks Ages Radio Explorer (DARE), utilizing the radio-quiet of the lunar farside to explore the earliest period on the cosmic time line, 200 million years between the primordial Big Bang and the emergence of the earliest luminous sources and the structure of the present universe. (blogspot.com)
Stellar winds2
  • However, he added, existing studies mostly only consider stellar radiation and not stellar winds. (insidescience.org)
  • This bright cosmic cloud was sculpted by stellar winds and radiation from the hot young stars of open cluster NGC 3324. (nasa.gov)
Decay1
  • Much of the natural background radiation comes from cosmic rays in addition to natural decay of earth bound elements. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Gamma rays2
  • Radiation" is of course a general term, encompassing electromagnetic waves of all wavelengths-not only radio waves, but infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X rays, and the very short-wavelength radiation called gamma rays. (com.ng)
  • As gamma rays propagate from their sources of production to Earth, radiation-matter interactions can occur, leading to an effective screening of the incident flux. (desy.de)
Rays hit1
  • These cosmic rays hit the atmosphere at a very constant and known rate, providing Berthold detectors with a natural reference - reliable and free of charge! (berthold.com)
Ionizing Radiation Exposure1
  • NCRP Report No. 160, Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the United States. (cdc.gov)
Filament1
  • For example, a white-hot light bulb filament at 3000 ° C emits radiation at high intensities and short wavelengths all across the visible light part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (icr.org)
Longer wavelengths2
  • A red-hot coal at 700 ° C emits lower intensity radiation at longer wavelengths, some of it at the red end of the visible light part of the spectrum and some of it at invisible 'infrared' wavelengths. (icr.org)
  • Over time, the expansion of the universe produced a redshift of radiation to longer wavelengths with lower energy. (calpoly.edu)
Annual dose2
  • The average annual dose or exposure from cosmic radiation is 0.33 mSv (33 mrem) or 11% of a person's yearly exposure due to all natural sources of radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The average annual dose due to cosmic radiation in the US is 0.34 mSv (34 mrem) per year. (cdc.gov)
Intensity5
  • the intensity of the cosmic radiation changes with altitude - which is sort of logic, since you move "closer to space" if you climb up on a high mountain, or you get on a plane, so that there's less atmosphere to stop whatever rays that are coming towards us from outer space. (sunnivarose.no)
  • When you go from sea level to around 1600 meters above sea level, the intensity of the cosmic radiation doubles. (sunnivarose.no)
  • In other words, the measured intensity (or "temperature") of the radiation does not have the same value in all directions, but varies very slightly from place to place. (ethw.org)
  • In 1964, two Bell Laboratories scientists, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, accidentally discovered that the earth is bathed in low-intensity microwave electromagnetic radiation coming equally from all directions. (icr.org)
  • Yet cooler materials, say liquid hydrogen at minus 253 ° C (20° above absolute zero), emit very low intensity radiation at relatively long wavelengths (millimeters to centimeters), in the 'microwave' part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (icr.org)
Effects9
  • By employing a reference channel measuring the cosmic radiation only, Berthold was able to introduce an innovative and unique stabilization technology that automatically and continuously corrects all external effects. (berthold.com)
  • Due to cosmic radiation, Berthold was able to introduce a unique stabilization method that intrinsically compensates for all external effects - even without deeper knowledge of where the disturbing factor is coming from (temperature, aging, etc. (berthold.com)
  • A partnership between Sudbury's NOSM University and SNOLAB has researchers looking into the effects of space cosmic radiation. (ctvnews.ca)
  • They say that their observations suggest "that the long-lasting effects of simulated weightlessness and space radiation on vascular endothelial function are the result of the radiation exposure and are not due to an interaction with weightlessness. (medscape.com)
  • In the nearly 500 trees in the study that was analysed and scattered all over the world, there are clear effects of cosmic radiation, indicating that the cosmic events affected the entire globe. (illustratedcuriosity.com)
  • Specific health effects of ionizing radiation are reported by route of exposure , by type of health effect (death, systemic, immunologic, reproductive), and by length of exposure (acute, intermediate, and chronic). (cdc.gov)
  • This public health statement tells you about ionizing radiation and the effects of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Considering its loss due to the effects of cosmic radiation, the water content in its soil is approximately 698-988 parts per million (ppm). (geektech.me)
  • very low doses of ionizing radiation is a Parental exposure to pesticides has been Further findings indicate that after chal enging task because the expected suggested to increase the risk of cancer accounting for co-occurring respiratory effects are small and difficult to detect. (who.int)
Earth6
  • On Earth, we are constantly exposed to low levels of radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The earth is continuously exposed to high energy radiation originating from outside the solar system - a discovery that was honored with the Nobel Prize in 1936. (berthold.com)
  • Spectacular phenomena that occured over a thousand years ago were due to extremely powerful cosmic radiation that affected the entire Earth. (illustratedcuriosity.com)
  • A new study highlights one of the problems - plants on Earth don't grow as well when exposed to Martian radiation. (ordonews.com)
  • These photons can initiate air showers in the Earth atmosphere that gamma-ray telescopes can detect through the emission of Cherenkov radiation. (desy.de)
  • Vastu' is an amalgamation of Bio-energy Force, Gravitational Force, Magnetic Field of Earth, Solar Energy, Velocity of Wind and Cosmic Radiations. (myastron.com)
Dose equivalent2
  • We measured cosmic radiation dose equivalent on 32 commercial flights using tissue-equivalent proportional counters and compared the measured doses to equivalent dose estimates for the same flights obtained from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration computer model CARI version 4Q. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the radiation protection quantity effective dose, E, cannot be measured, the operational quantity, ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), or its rate, shall be used for the validation of a software code. (spaspecialcommitteesibu.com)
Universe10
  • Our goal is to understand how all cosmic structure we see arose and what the Universe is made of, and to use this to discover the laws of ultrahigh energy physics. (harvard.edu)
  • In his talk, and in a preprint written in March 1965, Peebles had considered the radiation that might have been present in the early universe. (com.ng)
  • At this point, radiation split from matter and was released in a flash at 3000 °K. These photons have since traveled some 15 billion years and account for the radiation bathing the universe. (ethw.org)
  • That is, if you fix your location at one point in space and look towards different directions (as you do when you turn your head from side to side, for example) the universe will vary and there will be more radiation coming from some directions than from others. (ethw.org)
  • Immediately after the Penzias-Wilson discovery, many cosmologists began interpreting it as evidence that the universe began in a cosmic explosion 10-20 billion years ago. (icr.org)
  • Galaxies and matter in the universe clump in an intricate network of filaments and voids, known as the Cosmic Web. (scitechdaily.com)
  • By studying Reionization we can learn a great deal about the process of structure formation in the Universe, and find the evolutionary links between the remarkably smooth matter distribution at early times revealed by (Cosmic Background Radiation) studies and the highly structured universe of galaxies and clusters of galaxies" astronomers can peer more than 10 billion light years into the past. (blogspot.com)
  • The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory has taken on the challenging goal to detect such correlated air showers in the hope to open a new observation channel on the Universe. (desy.de)
  • The early universe contained far more radiation in the form of photons and neutrinos than matter when compared using Einstein's famous equivalency formula E = mc 2 . (calpoly.edu)
  • For billions of years, matter dominated the universe, but as the universe continued to expand, the density of radiation became insignificant and the density of matter decreased to that of the unseen dark energy. (calpoly.edu)
Ultraviolet radiation1
  • It does not tell you about non-ionizing radiation, such as microwaves, ultrasound, or ultraviolet radiation. (cdc.gov)
Solar system3
  • Cosmic Gun, the device art, is an amateur, low-cost astronomy project that enables the general public to be connected momentarily with cosmic rays coming from outside the Solar System. (eyebeam.org)
  • The solar system exploration by humans requires to successfully deal with the radiation exposition issue. (swsc-journal.org)
  • In addition, one of the natural impacts of decreasing solar activity is the weakening of the ambient solar wind and its magnetic field which, in turn, allows more cosmic rays to penetrate the solar system. (wordpress.com)
Flight2
  • Cosmic radiation exposure of commercial flight crew. (cdc.gov)
  • 5. Published a scientific article reporting that among a small subset of flight attendants with 32 or more births breast cancer was more frequent when exposure to cosmic radiation or circadian disruption was higher. (cdc.gov)
Altitude1
  • Radiation dose due to cosmic radiation will vary with altitude. (cdc.gov)
Lack1
  • An international team of researchers have identified "Cosmic Web Stripping" as a new way of explaining the lack of observed dwarf galaxies as compared with that predicted by the theory of Cold Dark Matter and Dark Energy. (scitechdaily.com)
Variations1
  • For example, in evolutionary theory the "noise" is the random variations in the genetic constitution produced by cosmic radiation and other external influences on the genetic material. (amacad.org)
20161
  • Cite this: Apollo Astronaut Excess CV Deaths Blamed on Cosmic Radiation During Lunar Voyage - Medscape - Aug 09, 2016. (medscape.com)
Natural source of radiation1
  • One natural source of radiation is from space. (cdc.gov)
Background9
  • How Is Cosmic Background Radiation Detected? (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • How do we know that cosmic background radiation exists? (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • How did Penzias and Wilson discover cosmic background radiation? (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • See some more details on the topic How is cosmic background radiation detected? (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • The CMB is faint cosmic background radiation filling all space. (chiangmaiplaces.net)
  • The 21-cm radiation background from high redshift is analyzed through calculation of the 2-dimensional (2D) genus. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • CPM is the standard unit of measurement for alpha and beta radiation, and is also commonly used to express background radiation in numerical terms. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Normal background radiation is typically in the range of 25-75 counts per minute , depending on location and surroundings. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Here, we discuss the preliminary results of multivariate analysis used to discriminate between air showers generated by photon ensembles from air showers produced by cosmic-ray background, taking the example of the next-generation gamma-ray observatory Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) in La Palma. (desy.de)
Researchers1
  • They are also collaborating with the NASA's Ames Research Center which is conducting an experiment in which bakers yeast samples will travel 40 million kilometres into deep space onboard the Artemis Mission while researchers in Sudbury are utilizing the same yeast in the SNOLAB which is shielded from cosmic radiation. (ctvnews.ca)
Electromagnetic1
  • his thermal radiation is not visible to the eye, being fully in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but it is visible to a sniperscope on cool desert nights. (icr.org)
Neutrons1
  • Neutrons are an important type of secondary cosmic ray. (wordpress.com)
Differential1
  • The second instrument was a differential microwave radiometer (DMR) used to map the cosmic radiation precisely. (ethw.org)
Describe4
  • It is generally agreed that the final tool to describe the radiation environment in a space habitat will be a model featuring the needed amount of details to perform a meaningful risk assessment. (swsc-journal.org)
  • Finally, we will describe the more important types of radiation to which you may be exposed. (cdc.gov)
  • Before defining ionizing radiation, it is useful to first describe an atom. (cdc.gov)
  • Different statistical measures have been used to describe quantitatively the cosmic texture, for recent reviews see Martínez & Saar (2002) , Saar (2009) , and van de Weygaert & Schaap (2009) . (aanda.org)
Scientists1
  • Right now, scientists can see only the radiation released by the system, which is typical of electrons accelerated in magnetic fields, the statement said. (space.com)
Interaction2
  • This movie shows the evolution of the gas in the high-resolution region of the simulation and highlights several galaxies whose gas content is affected by ram-pressure stripping due to interaction with the Cosmic Web. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This interaction leads to the generation of non-random and correlated phases which form a spatial pattern of the present cosmic web. (aanda.org)
Radiation Studies - CDC: Cosmic Radiation
Radiation Studies - CDC: Cosmic Radiation (cdc.gov)
Apollo Astronaut CV-Death Excess Blamed on Radiation in Space
Apollo Astronaut CV-Death Excess Blamed on Radiation in Space (medscape.com)
Handbook for Civil Aviation Medical Examiners - TP 13312
Handbook for Civil Aviation Medical Examiners - TP 13312 (tc.canada.ca)
G. Steigman | Semantic Scholar
G. Steigman | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
Watch this: Fukushima engineers perform risky extraction of nuclear fuel rods - The Verge
Watch this: Fukushima engineers perform risky extraction of nuclear fuel rods - The Verge (theverge.com)
Radiation levels spike near contaminated Fukushima tank - The Verge
Radiation levels spike near contaminated Fukushima tank - The Verge (theverge.com)
The Theoretical Agenda in Cosmic Backround Radiation Research - NASA/ADS
The Theoretical Agenda in Cosmic Backround Radiation Research - NASA/ADS (ui.adsabs.harvard.edu)
Radiation from Air Travel | CDC
Radiation from Air Travel | CDC (cdc.gov)
Fond diffus cosmologique - Wikipédia
Fond diffus cosmologique - Wikipédia (fr.wikipedia.org)
The Many Meanings of The Islanders - mssv
The Many Meanings of The Islanders - mssv (mssv.net)
P. Jovanovic/L. Popovic: Gravitational Lensing Statistics and Cosmolo…
P. Jovanovic/L. Popovic: Gravitational Lensing Statistics and Cosmolo… (slideshare.net)
Preparedness
Preparedness (jeremiahproject.com)
The best Google Photo alternatives: Digital Photography Review
The best Google Photo alternatives: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)
Astronomers Are Studying the Atmospheres of Faraway Planets | Inside Science
Astronomers Are Studying the Atmospheres of Faraway Planets | Inside Science (insidescience.org)
Articles tagged as Mars | Smithsonian Magazine
Articles tagged as Mars | Smithsonian Magazine (smithsonianmag.com)
MPG Jahrbuch - Beiträge des MPA | Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik
MPG Jahrbuch - Beiträge des MPA | Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (mpa-garching.mpg.de)
Symmetric radio sources
Symmetric radio sources (thulasidas.com)
Willard Libby - Wikipedia
Willard Libby - Wikipedia (en.m.wikipedia.org)
Increased Cancer in Military Pilots and Ground Crew: Pentagon
Increased Cancer in Military Pilots and Ground Crew: Pentagon (medscape.com)
Radiation Studies - CDC: Measuring Radiation
Radiation Studies - CDC: Measuring Radiation (cdc.gov)
Solve
Solve (jesusandmo.net)
Galactic Panspermia: Interstellar Dust Could Transport Life from Star to Star - Universe Today
Galactic Panspermia: Interstellar Dust Could Transport Life from Star to Star - Universe Today (universetoday.com)
The James Webb Space Telescope uses a 68GB SSD to store its incredible images & data: Digital Photography Review
The James Webb Space Telescope uses a 68GB SSD to store its incredible images & data: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)
Radiation Studies - CDC: Terrestrial Radiation
Radiation Studies - CDC: Terrestrial Radiation (cdc.gov)
Download - Ep 111 - The Tulli Papyrus | Podbean
Download - Ep 111 - The Tulli Papyrus | Podbean (podbean.com)
Publics Domain
Publics Domain (wn.com)
APOD: 2018 April 6 - NGC 3324 in Carina
APOD: 2018 April 6 - NGC 3324 in Carina (apod.nasa.gov)
Exposing The Core's Soft Center | Popular Science
Exposing The Core's Soft Center | Popular Science (popsci.com)
Of politics & smallville / Top Shelf Productions
Of politics & smallville / Top Shelf Productions (topshelfcomix.com)
Atheon Temple To Science Open For Worship Soon: Science Fiction in the News
Atheon Temple To Science Open For Worship Soon: Science Fiction in the News (technovelgy.com)