Corynebacterium
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Propionibacterium acnes
Diphtheria
Corynebacterium pyogenes
Diphtheria Toxin
Brevibacterium
Mycolic Acids
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Molecular Sequence Data
DNA, Ribosomal
Diphtheria Antitoxin
Metabolic Engineering
Sequence Analysis, DNA
RNA, Bacterial
Starch Phosphorylase
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Culture Media
Species Specificity
Pyelitis
Cheese
Gene Deletion
Base Sequence
Actinomycetales
Encyclopedias as Topic
Corynebacterium terpenotabidum sp. nov., a bacterium capable of degrading squalene. (1/951)
The taxonomic status of Arthrobacter sp. Y-11T, which was described as a squalene-degrading bacterium, was investigated by chemotaxonomic and genetic methods. The strain possesses wall chemotype IV, MK-9(H2) as the predominant menaquinone, mycolic acids, and straight-chain, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, with considerable amounts of tuberculostearic acid. The DNA G+C content is 67.5 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and quantitative DNA-DNA hybridization experiments provided strong evidence that strain Y-11T represents a new species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium terpenotabidum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of C. terpenotabidum is strain Y-11T (= IFO 14764T). (+info)Identification of mechanosensitive ion channels in the cytoplasmic membrane of Corynebacterium glutamicum. (2/951)
Patch-clamp experiments performed on membrane fragments of Corynebacterium glutamicum fused into giant liposomes revealed the presence of two different stretch-activated conductances, 600 to 700 pS and 1,200 to 1,400 pS in 0.1 M KCl, that exhibited the same characteristics in terms of kinetics, ion selectivity, and voltage dependence. (+info)Sex differences in susceptibility of ICR mice to oral infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri. (3/951)
Sex difference in susceptibility to oral infection with Corynebacterium (C.) kutscheri was experimentally studied in ICR mice. Immature (4-week-old) and adult (14-week-old) mice were inoculated with two infecting doses of C. kutscheri, and necropsied for bacteriological and serological survey 4 weeks after the bacterial infection. No macroscopic lesions at necropsy were demonstrated, except for one adult male given 10(9) bacteria. In immature mice, C. Kutscheri isolated from the oral cavity and cecum with FNC agar, were recovered in only 40.0% of female mice but in 90.0% of male mice given 10(6) bacteria (p < 0.05), and in only 55.6% of female mice but in 80.0% male mice given 10(8) bacteria. In adult mice given 10(9) bacteria, the organism were recovered in only 45.5% of female mice but in 90.9% of male mice (p < 0.05), furthermore, the mean number of organisms in the cecum of male mice harboring the organism was significantly higher than that in females (p < 0.01). Castration caused an increase in host resistance in adult male mice. These results indicated that ICR male mice were more susceptible than females, in terms of bacterial colonization in the cecum and the oral cavity, to oral infection with C. kutscheri. (+info)Identification of nonlipophilic corynebacteria isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. (4/951)
Nonlipophilic corynebacteria associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows were found to belong to four species: Corynebacterium amycolatum, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and Corynebacterium minutissimum. These species may easily be confused. However, clear-cut differences between C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis were found in their acid production from maltotriose and ethylene glycol, susceptibility to vibriostatic agent O129, and alkaline phosphatase. Absence of growth at 20 degrees C and lack of alpha-glucosidase and 4MU-alpha-D-glycoside hydrolysis activity differentiated C. amycolatum from C. pseudotuberculosis and C. ulcerans. The mastitis C. pseudotuberculosis strains differed from the biovar equi and ovis reference strains and from caprine field strains in their colony morphologies and in their reduced inhibitory activity on staphylococcal beta-hemolysin. C. amycolatum was the most frequently isolated nonlipophilic corynebacterium. (+info)Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (5/951)
The Corynebacterium glutamicum ack and pta genes encoding the acetate-activating enzymes acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase were isolated, subcloned on a plasmid and re-introduced into Corynebacterium glutamicum. Relative to the wild-type, the recombinant strains showed about tenfold higher specific activities of both enzymes. Sequence analysis of a 3657 bp DNA fragment revealed that the ack and pta genes are contiguous in the corynebacterial chromosome, with pta upstream and the last nucleotide of the pta stop codon (TAA) overlapping the first of the ack start codon (ATG). The predicted gene product of pta consists of 329 amino acids (Mr 35242), that of ack consists of 397 amino acids (Mr 43098) and the amino acid sequences of the two polypeptides show up to 60 % (phosphotransacetylase) and 53% (acetate kinase) identity in comparison with respective enzymes from other organisms. Northern (RNA) blot hybridizations using pta- and ack-specific probes and transcriptional cat fusion experiments revealed that the two genes are transcribed as a 2.5 kb bicistronic mRNA and that the expression of this operon is induced when Corynebacterium glutamicum grows on acetate instead of glucose as a carbon source. Directed inactivation of the chromosomal pta and ack genes led to the absence of detectable phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase activity in the respective mutants and to their inability to grow on acetate. These data indicate that no isoenzymes of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase are present in Corynebacterium glutamicum and that a functional acetate kinase/phosphotransacetylase pathway is essential for growth of this organism on acetate. (+info)Expression of the Corynebacterium glutamicum panD gene encoding L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase leads to pantothenate overproduction in Escherichia coli. (6/951)
The Corynebacterium glutamicum panD gene was identified by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli panD mutant strain. Sequence analysis revealed that the coding region of panD comprises 411 bp and specifies a protein of 136 amino acid residues with a deduced molecular mass of 14.1 kDa. A defined C. glutamicum panD mutant completely lacked L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase activity and exhibited beta-alanine auxotrophy. The C. glutamicum panD (panDC. g.) as well as the E. coli panD (panDE.c.) genes were cloned into a bifunctional expression plasmid to allow gene analysis in C. glutamicum as well as in E. coli. The enhanced expression of panDC.g. in C. glutamicum resulted in the formation of two distinct proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, leading to the assumption that the panDC.g. gene product is proteolytically processed into two subunits. By increased expression of panDC.g. in C. glutamicum, the activity of L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase was 288-fold increased, whereas the panDE.c. gene resulted only in a 4-fold enhancement. The similar experiment performed in E. coli revealed that panDC.g. achieved a 41-fold increase and that panDE.c. achieved a 3-fold increase of enzyme activity. The effect of the panDC.g. and panDE.c. gene expression in E. coli was studied with a view to pantothenate accumulation. Only by expression of the panDC.g. gene was sufficient beta-alanine produced to abolish its limiting effect on pantothenate production. In cultures expressing the panDE.c. gene, the maximal pantothenate production was still dependent on external beta-alanine supplementation. The enhanced expression of panDC.g. in E. coli yielded the highest amount of pantothenate in the culture medium, with a specific productivity of 140 ng of pantothenate mg (dry weight)-1 h-1. (+info)Microbiological degradation of bile acids. The conjugation of a certain cholic acid metabolite with amino acids in Corynebacterium equi. (7/951)
1. (4R)-4[4alpha-(2-Carboxyethyl)-3aalpha-hexahydro-7abeta-methyl-5-oxoindan-1beta-y l]valeric acid (II) could not be utilized by Arthrobacter simplex, even though the acid was one of the metabolites formed from cholic acid (I) by this organism. Therefore the further degradation of the acid (II) by Corynebacterium equi was investigated to identify the intermediates involved in the cholic acid degradation. 2. The organism, cultured in a medium containing the acid (II) as the sole source of carbon, produced unexpected metabolites, the conjugates of this original acid (II) with amino acids or their derivatives, although the yield was very low. These new metabolites were isolated and identified by chemical synthesis as the Na-((4R)-4-[4alpha-(2-carboxyethyl)-3a alpha-hexahydro-7a beta-methyl-5-oxoindan-1 beta-yl]-valeryl) derivatives of L-alanine, glutamic acid, O-acetylhomoserine and glutamine, i.e. compounds (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIId) respectively. 3. The possibility that the bacterial synthetic reaction observed in the acid (II) metabolism with C. equi is analogous to peptide conjugation known in both animals and higher plants is discussed. A possible mechanism for this bacterial conjugation is also considered. (+info)Site-specific integration of corynephage phi16: construction of an integration vector. (8/951)
Phi16, a temperate phage induced from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21792, lysogenizes its host via site-specific recombination. The phage attachment site, attP, was located to a 6.5 kb BamHI fragment of the phi16 genome. This fragment also contained phi16 integrative functions. The minimal phage DNA fragment required for integration was defined. This 1630 bp region contained a large open reading frame, int, encoding a protein of 416 amino acids with similarity in its carboxyl-terminal domain to tyrosine recombinases and particularly to the Xer recombinases. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of attB, attL, attR, and attP identified a common 29 bp sequence, the core sequence. It lies 11 bp downstream of the 3' end of the integrase gene. phi16 integrase was shown to catalyse site-specific integration in trans to attP with an efficiency of 5x10(3) integrants per microg DNA. The integrating fragment catalysed integration in several Corynebacterium strains that are not infected by phi16, thus enlarging the host spectrum of integrating vectors derived from phi16. In these strains, the phi16 attB site was located in a conserved intergenic region and lies downstream of a clp gene. (+info)Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Some species of Corynebacterium can cause disease in humans, including C. diphtheriae, which causes diphtheria, and C. jeikeium, which can cause various types of infections in immunocompromised individuals. Other species are part of the normal flora and are not typically pathogenic. The bacteria are characterized by their irregular, club-shaped appearance and their ability to form characteristic arrangements called palisades. They are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen.
Corynebacterium infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, which are gram-positive, rod-shaped organisms that commonly inhabit the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. While many species of Corynebacterium are harmless commensals, some can cause a range of infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying medical conditions.
The most common Corynebacterium species that causes infection is C. diphtheriae, which is responsible for diphtheria, a potentially life-threatening respiratory illness characterized by the formation of a thick, grayish membrane in the throat and upper airways. Other Corynebacterium species, such as C. jeikeium, C. urealyticum, and C. striatum, can cause various types of healthcare-associated infections, including bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infections.
Corynebacterium infections are typically treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin, erythromycin, or vancomycin, depending on the species of bacteria involved and the patient's medical history. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain abscesses or remove infected tissue. Preventive measures, such as vaccination against C. diphtheriae and good hygiene practices, can help reduce the risk of Corynebacterium infections.
'Corynebacterium glutamicum' is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil and water. It is a facultative anaerobe, which means it can grow with or without oxygen. The bacterium is non-pathogenic and has been widely studied and used in biotechnology due to its ability to produce various amino acids and other industrially relevant compounds.
The name 'Corynebacterium glutamicum' comes from its discovery as a bacterium that can ferment the amino acid glutamate, which is why it has been extensively used in the industrial production of L-glutamate, an important ingredient in many food products and feed additives.
In recent years, 'Corynebacterium glutamicum' has also gained attention as a potential platform organism for the production of various biofuels and biochemicals, including alcohols, organic acids, and hydrocarbons. Its genetic tractability and ability to utilize a wide range of carbon sources make it an attractive candidate for biotechnological applications.
'Corynebacterium diphtheriae' is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria that can cause the disease diphtheria. It is commonly found in the upper respiratory tract and skin of humans and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with contaminated objects. The bacterium produces a potent exotoxin that can cause severe inflammation and formation of a pseudomembrane in the throat, leading to difficulty breathing and swallowing. In severe cases, the toxin can spread to other organs, causing serious complications such as myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and peripheral neuropathy (damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord). The disease is preventable through vaccination with the diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine.
'Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis' is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, diphtheroid bacterium that is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep and goats. It can also cause chronic, granulomatous infections in other animals, including horses, cattle, and humans. The bacteria are typically transmitted through contact with infected animals or contaminated environmental sources, such as soil or water. Infection can lead to the formation of abscesses in the lymph nodes, particularly in the head and neck region, as well as other organs.
In humans, 'Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis' infection is rare but can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, including chronic lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and septicemia. The disease is often referred to as "pseudotuberculosis" or "pigeon breast" in humans, due to the characteristic swelling of the chest that can occur with infection.
Diagnosis of 'Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis' infection typically involves the isolation and identification of the bacteria from clinical samples, such as pus or tissue biopsies. Treatment may involve surgical drainage of abscesses, along with antibiotic therapy. The choice of antibiotics depends on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the susceptibility of the bacterial strain.
Propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that naturally colonizes the skin, predominantly in areas with a high density of sebaceous glands such as the face, back, and chest. It is part of the normal skin flora but can contribute to the development of acne vulgaris when it proliferates excessively and clogs the pilosebaceous units (hair follicles).
The bacterium metabolizes sebum, producing propionic acid and other short-chain fatty acids as byproducts. In acne, these byproducts can cause an inflammatory response in the skin, leading to the formation of papules, pustules, and nodules. Propionibacterium acnes has also been implicated in various other skin conditions and occasionally in opportunistic infections in other parts of the body, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or following surgical procedures.
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It typically affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and windpipe (trachea), causing a thick gray or white membrane to form over the lining of these areas. This can lead to breathing difficulties, heart complications, and neurological problems if left untreated.
The bacteria can also produce a powerful toxin that can cause damage to other organs in the body. Diphtheria is usually spread through respiratory droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze, or by contact with contaminated objects or surfaces. The disease is preventable through vaccination.
Corynebacterium pyogenes is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the respiratory tract and on the skin of animals. It can cause purulent infections such as abscesses, mastitis, pneumonia, and septicemia in various animal species, including cattle, sheep, goats, and swine.
In humans, Corynebacterium pyogenes is considered a rare cause of infection, and it has been isolated from cases of endocarditis, meningitis, and soft tissue infections. However, its clinical significance in human infections remains unclear, and further studies are needed to establish its role as a human pathogen.
It's important to note that Corynebacterium pyogenes is different from Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus), which is a major human pathogen causing various infections such as pharyngitis, impetigo, and necrotizing fasciitis.
Diphtheria toxin is a potent exotoxin produced by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which causes the disease diphtheria. This toxin is composed of two subunits: A and B. The B subunit helps the toxin bind to and enter host cells, while the A subunit inhibits protein synthesis within those cells, leading to cell damage and tissue destruction.
The toxin can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the site of infection. In respiratory diphtheria, it typically affects the nose, throat, and tonsils, causing a thick gray or white membrane to form over the affected area, making breathing and swallowing difficult. In cutaneous diphtheria, it infects the skin, leading to ulcers and necrosis.
Diphtheria toxin can also have systemic effects, such as damage to the heart, nerves, and kidneys, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. Fortunately, diphtheria is preventable through vaccination with the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP or Tdap) vaccine.
Brevibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in nature, particularly in soil, water, and various types of decaying organic matter. Some species of Brevibacterium can also be found on the skin of animals and humans, where they play a role in the production of body odor.
Brevibacterium species are known for their ability to produce a variety of enzymes that allow them to break down complex organic compounds into simpler molecules. This makes them useful in a number of industrial applications, such as the production of cheese and other fermented foods, as well as in the bioremediation of contaminated environments.
In medical contexts, Brevibacterium species are rarely associated with human disease. However, there have been occasional reports of infections caused by these bacteria, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or who have undergone surgical procedures. These infections can include bacteremia (bloodstream infections), endocarditis (inflammation of the heart valves), and soft tissue infections. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against Gram-positive bacteria, such as vancomycin or teicoplanin.
Mycolic acids are complex, long-chain fatty acids that are a major component of the cell wall in mycobacteria, including the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis and leprosy. These acids contribute to the impermeability and resistance to chemical agents of the mycobacterial cell wall, making these organisms difficult to eradicate. Mycolic acids are unique to mycobacteria and some related actinomycetes, and their analysis can be useful in the identification and classification of these bacteria.
Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.
Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.
Bacterial proteins are a type of protein that are produced by bacteria as part of their structural or functional components. These proteins can be involved in various cellular processes, such as metabolism, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. They can also play a role in bacterial pathogenesis, helping the bacteria to evade the host's immune system, acquire nutrients, and multiply within the host.
Bacterial proteins can be classified into different categories based on their function, such as:
1. Enzymes: Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the bacterial cell.
2. Structural proteins: Proteins that provide structural support and maintain the shape of the bacterial cell.
3. Signaling proteins: Proteins that help bacteria to communicate with each other and coordinate their behavior.
4. Transport proteins: Proteins that facilitate the movement of molecules across the bacterial cell membrane.
5. Toxins: Proteins that are produced by pathogenic bacteria to damage host cells and promote infection.
6. Surface proteins: Proteins that are located on the surface of the bacterial cell and interact with the environment or host cells.
Understanding the structure and function of bacterial proteins is important for developing new antibiotics, vaccines, and other therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Gene expression regulation in bacteria refers to the complex cellular processes that control the production of proteins from specific genes. This regulation allows bacteria to adapt to changing environmental conditions and ensure the appropriate amount of protein is produced at the right time.
Bacteria have a variety of mechanisms for regulating gene expression, including:
1. Operon structure: Many bacterial genes are organized into operons, which are clusters of genes that are transcribed together as a single mRNA molecule. The expression of these genes can be coordinately regulated by controlling the transcription of the entire operon.
2. Promoter regulation: Transcription is initiated at promoter regions upstream of the gene or operon. Bacteria have regulatory proteins called sigma factors that bind to the promoter and recruit RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA. The binding of sigma factors can be influenced by environmental signals, allowing for regulation of transcription.
3. Attenuation: Some operons have regulatory regions called attenuators that control transcription termination. These regions contain hairpin structures that can form in the mRNA and cause transcription to stop prematurely. The formation of these hairpins is influenced by the concentration of specific metabolites, allowing for regulation of gene expression based on the availability of those metabolites.
4. Riboswitches: Some bacterial mRNAs contain regulatory elements called riboswitches that bind small molecules directly. When a small molecule binds to the riboswitch, it changes conformation and affects transcription or translation of the associated gene.
5. CRISPR-Cas systems: Bacteria use CRISPR-Cas systems for adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids. These systems incorporate short sequences from foreign DNA into their own genome, which can then be used to recognize and cleave similar sequences in invading genetic elements.
Overall, gene expression regulation in bacteria is a complex process that allows them to respond quickly and efficiently to changing environmental conditions. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms can provide insights into bacterial physiology and help inform strategies for controlling bacterial growth and behavior.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are complex structures inside cells where protein synthesis occurs. The "16S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of the rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its size and shape. In particular, 16S rRNA is a component of the smaller subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome (found in bacteria and archaea), and is often used as a molecular marker for identifying and classifying these organisms due to its relative stability and conservation among species. The sequence of 16S rRNA can be compared across different species to determine their evolutionary relationships and taxonomic positions.
Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) refers to the specific regions of DNA in a cell that contain the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes are complex structures composed of proteins and rRNA, which play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins.
In humans, there are four types of rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S. These rRNAs are encoded by multiple copies of rDNA genes that are organized in clusters on specific chromosomes. In humans, the majority of rDNA genes are located on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.
Each cluster of rDNA genes contains both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer regions. The transcribed regions contain the genes for the four types of rRNA, while the non-transcribed spacers contain regulatory elements that control the transcription of the rRNA genes.
The number of rDNA copies varies between species and even within individuals of the same species. The copy number can also change during development and in response to environmental factors. Variations in rDNA copy number have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.
Lymphadenitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of one or more lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the body's immune system. Lymph nodes contain white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help fight infection and disease.
Lymphadenitis can occur as a result of an infection in the area near the affected lymph node or as a result of a systemic infection that has spread through the bloodstream. The inflammation causes the lymph node to become swollen, tender, and sometimes painful to the touch.
The symptoms of lymphadenitis may include fever, fatigue, and redness or warmth in the area around the affected lymph node. In some cases, the overlying skin may also appear red and inflamed. Lymphadenitis can occur in any part of the body where there are lymph nodes, including the neck, armpits, groin, and abdomen.
The underlying cause of lymphadenitis must be diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent complications such as the spread of infection or the formation of an abscess. Treatment may include antibiotics, pain relievers, and warm compresses to help reduce swelling and discomfort.
Diphtheria Antitoxin is a medication used to treat diphtheria, a serious bacterial infection that can affect the nose, throat, and skin. It is made from the serum of animals (such as horses) that have been immunized against diphtheria. The antitoxin works by neutralizing the harmful effects of the diphtheria toxin produced by the bacteria, which can cause tissue damage and other complications.
Diphtheria Antitoxin is usually given as an injection into a muscle or vein, and it should be administered as soon as possible after a diagnosis of diphtheria has been made. It is important to note that while the antitoxin can help prevent further damage caused by the toxin, it does not treat the underlying infection itself, which requires antibiotics for proper treatment.
Like any medication, Diphtheria Antitoxin can have side effects, including allergic reactions, serum sickness, and anaphylaxis. It should only be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional who is experienced in its use and can monitor the patient for any adverse reactions.
A bacterial gene is a segment of DNA (or RNA in some viruses) that contains the genetic information necessary for the synthesis of a functional bacterial protein or RNA molecule. These genes are responsible for encoding various characteristics and functions of bacteria such as metabolism, reproduction, and resistance to antibiotics. They can be transmitted between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer mechanisms like conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Bacterial genes are often organized into operons, which are clusters of genes that are transcribed together as a single mRNA molecule.
It's important to note that the term "bacterial gene" is used to describe genetic elements found in bacteria, but not all genetic elements in bacteria are considered genes. For example, some DNA sequences may not encode functional products and are therefore not considered genes. Additionally, some bacterial genes may be plasmid-borne or phage-borne, rather than being located on the bacterial chromosome.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.
Metabolic engineering is a branch of biotechnology that involves the modification and manipulation of metabolic pathways in organisms to enhance their production of specific metabolites or to alter their flow of energy and carbon. This field combines principles from genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and chemical engineering to design and construct novel metabolic pathways or modify existing ones with the goal of optimizing the production of valuable compounds or improving the properties of organisms for various applications.
Examples of metabolic engineering include the modification of microorganisms to produce biofuels, pharmaceuticals, or industrial chemicals; the enhancement of crop yields and nutritional value in agriculture; and the development of novel bioremediation strategies for environmental pollution control. The ultimate goal of metabolic engineering is to create organisms that can efficiently and sustainably produce valuable products while minimizing waste and reducing the impact on the environment.
DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.
The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.
In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.
Bacterial RNA refers to the genetic material present in bacteria that is composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Unlike higher organisms, bacteria contain a single circular chromosome made up of DNA, along with smaller circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These bacterial genetic materials contain the information necessary for the growth and reproduction of the organism.
Bacterial RNA can be divided into three main categories: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). mRNA carries genetic information copied from DNA, which is then translated into proteins by the rRNA and tRNA molecules. rRNA is a structural component of the ribosome, where protein synthesis occurs, while tRNA acts as an adapter that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Bacterial RNA plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including gene expression, protein synthesis, and regulation of metabolic pathways. Understanding the structure and function of bacterial RNA is essential for developing new antibiotics and other therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Starch phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch and related polysaccharides, releasing alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate molecules. It is found in various tissues, including muscle and liver, and plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism by helping to regulate the breakdown and synthesis of glycogen, which is a storage form of glucose.
The enzyme works by transferring a phosphate group from inorganic phosphate to the terminal alpha-1,4 linked glucosyl residue of the substrate, resulting in the formation of glucose 1-phosphate and a shortened polysaccharide chain. This reaction is reversible, allowing the enzyme to also participate in glycogen synthesis by adding glucose units to the non-reducing end of the glycogen molecule.
Starch phosphorylase is important for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and providing energy to cells during periods of fasting or exercise. Deficiencies in this enzyme can lead to metabolic disorders, such as glycogen storage disease type VI (Hers disease), which is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal glycogen molecules in the liver and muscle tissue.
Bacterial typing techniques are methods used to identify and differentiate bacterial strains or isolates based on their unique characteristics. These techniques are essential in epidemiological studies, infection control, and research to understand the transmission dynamics, virulence, and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens.
There are various bacterial typing techniques available, including:
1. **Bacteriophage Typing:** This method involves using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to identify specific bacterial strains based on their susceptibility or resistance to particular phages.
2. **Serotyping:** It is a technique that differentiates bacterial strains based on the antigenic properties of their cell surface components, such as capsules, flagella, and somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens.
3. **Biochemical Testing:** This method uses biochemical reactions to identify specific metabolic pathways or enzymes present in bacterial strains, which can be used for differentiation. Commonly used tests include the catalase test, oxidase test, and various sugar fermentation tests.
4. **Molecular Typing Techniques:** These methods use genetic markers to identify and differentiate bacterial strains at the DNA level. Examples of molecular typing techniques include:
* **Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE):** This method uses restriction enzymes to digest bacterial DNA, followed by electrophoresis in an agarose gel under pulsed electrical fields. The resulting banding patterns are analyzed and compared to identify related strains.
* **Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST):** It involves sequencing specific housekeeping genes to generate unique sequence types that can be used for strain identification and phylogenetic analysis.
* **Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS):** This method sequences the entire genome of a bacterial strain, providing the most detailed information on genetic variation and relatedness between strains. WGS data can be analyzed using various bioinformatics tools to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene deletions or insertions, and other genetic changes that can be used for strain differentiation.
These molecular typing techniques provide higher resolution than traditional methods, allowing for more accurate identification and comparison of bacterial strains. They are particularly useful in epidemiological investigations to track the spread of pathogens and identify outbreaks.
Culture media is a substance that is used to support the growth of microorganisms or cells in an artificial environment, such as a petri dish or test tube. It typically contains nutrients and other factors that are necessary for the growth and survival of the organisms being cultured. There are many different types of culture media, each with its own specific formulation and intended use. Some common examples include blood agar, which is used to culture bacteria; Sabouraud dextrose agar, which is used to culture fungi; and Eagle's minimum essential medium, which is used to culture animal cells.
Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.
For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.
A bacterial genome is the complete set of genetic material, including both DNA and RNA, found within a single bacterium. It contains all the hereditary information necessary for the bacterium to grow, reproduce, and survive in its environment. The bacterial genome typically includes circular chromosomes, as well as plasmids, which are smaller, circular DNA molecules that can carry additional genes. These genes encode various functional elements such as enzymes, structural proteins, and regulatory sequences that determine the bacterium's characteristics and behavior.
Bacterial genomes vary widely in size, ranging from around 130 kilobases (kb) in Mycoplasma genitalium to over 14 megabases (Mb) in Sorangium cellulosum. The complete sequencing and analysis of bacterial genomes have provided valuable insights into the biology, evolution, and pathogenicity of bacteria, enabling researchers to better understand their roles in various diseases and potential applications in biotechnology.
Pyelitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of the renal pelvis, which is the part of the kidney where urine collects before flowing into the ureter. Pyelitis can occur as a result of a bacterial infection, and it is often associated with pyelonephritis, which is an inflammation of the kidney tissue itself.
The symptoms of pyelitis may include fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and frequent or painful urination. The condition can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urinalysis, urine culture, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the underlying infection, as well as supportive care to manage any symptoms.
It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you experience symptoms of pyelitis, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications, including kidney damage and sepsis.
I am not a doctor, but I can provide some information about the term "cheese" in a general and food science context. Cheese is a dairy product made from the curdled milk of various animals, most commonly cows, goats, or sheep. The process involves enzymes (such as rennet) to coagulate milk proteins (casein), which then separate from the liquid whey. The curds are then aged, treated, and processed in various ways to create different types of cheese with unique flavors, textures, and appearances.
However, if you are looking for a medical definition related to health issues or conditions, I would recommend consulting a reliable medical resource or speaking with a healthcare professional.
Gene deletion is a type of mutation where a segment of DNA, containing one or more genes, is permanently lost or removed from a chromosome. This can occur due to various genetic mechanisms such as homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, or other types of genomic rearrangements.
The deletion of a gene can have varying effects on the organism, depending on the function of the deleted gene and its importance for normal physiological processes. If the deleted gene is essential for survival, the deletion may result in embryonic lethality or developmental abnormalities. However, if the gene is non-essential or has redundant functions, the deletion may not have any noticeable effects on the organism's phenotype.
Gene deletions can also be used as a tool in genetic research to study the function of specific genes and their role in various biological processes. For example, researchers may use gene deletion techniques to create genetically modified animal models to investigate the impact of gene deletion on disease progression or development.
A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.
I'm happy to help, but I want to clarify that the term "sheep diseases" refers to a wide range of health issues that can affect sheep populations. It's not a single medical condition with a specific definition. Here are some examples of common diseases that can affect sheep:
1. Ovine Johne's Disease (OJD): A chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the intestines and can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and death.
2. Footrot: A highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the feet of sheep, causing lameness, swelling, and pain. It's caused by the bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus.
3. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It affects the lymph nodes and can cause abscesses, weight loss, and death.
4. Contagious Ecthyma (Orf): A highly contagious viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes of sheep, causing sores and lesions.
5. Mastitis: An inflammation of the mammary gland in sheep, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It can cause decreased milk production, fever, and loss of appetite.
6. Pneumonia: A respiratory infection that can affect sheep, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by various bacteria or viruses.
7. Enterotoxemia: A potentially fatal disease caused by the overproduction of toxins in the intestines of sheep, usually due to a bacterial infection with Clostridium perfringens.
8. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM): A neurological disorder that affects the brain of sheep, causing symptoms such as blindness, circling, and seizures. It's often caused by a thiamine deficiency or excessive sulfur intake.
9. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can affect sheep, causing abortion, stillbirth, and neurological symptoms.
10. Blue tongue: A viral disease that affects sheep, causing fever, respiratory distress, and mouth ulcers. It's transmitted by insect vectors and is often associated with climate change.
Actinomycetales is an order of Gram-positive bacteria that are characterized by their filamentous morphology and branching appearance, resembling fungi. These bacteria are often found in soil and water, and some species can cause diseases in humans and animals. The name "Actinomycetales" comes from the Greek words "actis," meaning ray or beam, and "mykes," meaning fungus.
The order Actinomycetales includes several families of medical importance, such as Mycobacteriaceae (which contains the tuberculosis-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis), Corynebacteriaceae (which contains the diphtheria-causing Corynebacterium diphtheriae), and Actinomycetaceae (which contains the actinomycosis-causing Actinomyces israelii).
Actinomycetales are known for their complex cell walls, which contain a unique type of lipid called mycolic acid. This feature makes them resistant to many antibiotics and contributes to their ability to cause chronic infections. They can also form resistant structures called spores, which allow them to survive in harsh environments and contribute to their ability to cause disease.
Overall, Actinomycetales are important both as beneficial soil organisms and as potential pathogens that can cause serious diseases in humans and animals.
Actinomycetaceae is a family of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are characterized by their filamentous growth and the production of branching hyphae. These bacteria are often found in soil and water, and some species can cause disease in humans and animals. They are classified as aerobic or facultatively anaerobic organisms, meaning they can grow with or without oxygen.
The name "Actinomycetaceae" comes from the Greek words "aktis," meaning "ray" or "beam," and "mykes," meaning "fungus." This reflects the filamentous, fungus-like growth of these bacteria.
Some species of Actinomycetaceae are known to produce various antibiotics, including streptomycin, neomycin, and tetracycline. These antibiotics have been widely used in medicine to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
In humans, some species of Actinomycetaceae can cause actinomycosis, a chronic infection that typically affects the face, neck, and mouth. Symptoms of actinomycosis include swelling, pain, and the formation of abscesses or fistulas. Treatment usually involves long-term antibiotic therapy and sometimes surgical drainage of any abscesses.
Overall, Actinomycetaceae is an important family of bacteria with both beneficial and harmful effects on humans and other organisms.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Arcanobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are facultatively anaerobic and non-spore forming. These bacteria were previously classified as part of the Corynebacterium genus but were reclassified due to genetic differences. They are normal flora in the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but some species have been associated with human diseases such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and wound infections. The most well-known species is Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which can cause pharyngitis and skin infections. Proper identification of these bacteria is important for appropriate treatment, as some species may be resistant to certain antibiotics.
Corynebacterium
Corynebacterium otitidis
Corynebacterium uropygiale
Corynebacterium alimapuense
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Corynebacterium striatum
Corynebacterium bovis
Corynebacterium jeikeium
Corynebacterium urealyticum
Corynebacterium amycolatum
Corynebacterium matruchotii
Corynebacterium efficiens
Corynebacterium minutissimum
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Corynebacterium ulcerans
Corynebacterium macginleyi
Corynebacterium xerosis
Corynebacterium renale
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
Slime flux
Industrial microbiology
Lipophilic bacteria
Corn sauce
Wild turkey
Uropygial gland
Dalbavancin
New Britain Trench
Black stork
Nocardia
Corynebacterium - Wikipedia
Corynebacterium Infections: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Corynebacterium - wikidoc
Subcutaneous abscess formation in the upper extremity caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans
RCSB PDB - 5D6O: Orthorhombic Crystal Structure of an acetylester hydrolase from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Corynebacterium mastitidis: Difference between revisions - microbewiki
Pages that link to "Corynebacterium efficiens" - microbewiki
Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- Northern Plains Indian Community, August-October 1996
Methionine synthase (Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032) | Protein Target - PubChem
Adenylosuccinate synthetase (Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032) | Protein Target - PubChem
CCUG 35717T - Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii
CCUG 5864 - Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Presumptive Identification of the Corynebacterium Genus
RCSB PDB - 3H2B: Crystal structure of the SAM-dependent methyltransferase cg3271 from Corynebacterium glutamicum in complex...
Generation time - Bacteria Corynebacterium gluta - BNID 106787
2020 Prediction and Current COVID-19 Scenario for Global Corynebacterium Glutamicum Technology Market market - PharmiWeb.com
Comparative genomic analyses of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - Enlighten Theses
Frontiers | Transcriptional Regulation of the Creatine Utilization Genes of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14067 by AmtR, a...
Severe Pneumonia Caused by Corynebacterium striatum in Adults, Seoul, South Korea, 2014-2019
Infective Endocarditis Due to Corynebacterium Species : Clinical Features and Antibiotic Resistance | Lund University...
Evaluation of clinical characteristics, diagnostic test results, and outcome in horses with internal infection caused by...
Corynebacterium renale Z358, titered (1 mL) | Purchase your Corynebacterium Products From ZeptoMetrix
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria): Video | Osmosis
Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum in men with and without urethritis syndrome: An underrecognized pathogen or a bona fide...
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Toxin Producing Strains: Understanding the Bacteria and Preventing Diphtheria | Abstract
HOMD ::species::Corynebacterium mucifaciens
Nontoxigenic tox-bearing Corynebacterium ulcerans Infection among Game Animals, Germany
Diphtheriae15
- In phylogenetic trees based on concatenated protein sequences or 16S rRNA, the genus Corynebacterium forms a distinct clade, within which is a distinct subclade, cluster I. The cluster is made up of the species C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans, C. aurimucosum, C. glutamicum, and C. efficiens. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus contains the species Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the nondiphtherial corynebacteria, collectively referred to as diphtheroids. (medscape.com)
- In some endemic locations, such as India, 44% of throat and nasal swabs tested positive for C diphtheriae and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum . (medscape.com)
- iphtheria, caused by toxigenic strains of the bac- Although these 3 strains contained the tox gene, they terium Corynebacterium diphtheriae , can result were not toxin producing. (cdc.gov)
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae , the cause of diphtheria in humans. (wikidoc.org)
- Five of the six culture-positive diphtheria cases reported in the United States since 1988 have been associated with importation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, an organism believed to have become rare or to have disappeared from the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Genomic epidemiology and strain taxonomy of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. (pasteur.fr)
- Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae is highly transmissible and can cause large diphtheria outbreaks where vaccination coverage is insufficient. (pasteur.fr)
- Diphtheria is an acute, bacterial disease caused by toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae . (cdc.gov)
- This study aims to evaluate the first-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pôvodcom nákazy je výlučne ľudský patogén Corynebacterium diphtheriae , grampozitívna fakultatívne anaeróbna, pleomorfná baktéria (obrázok 1) . (newslab.sk)
- Diphtheria is an acute infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae . (medlineplus.gov)
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae is responsible for both endemic and epidemic diphtheria. (who.int)
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae est responsable à la fois de la diphtérie endémique et épidémique. (who.int)
- Some types of Corynebacterium diphtheriae release a potent toxin that can damage the heart, kidneys, and nervous system. (msdmanuals.com)
Species19
- Two examples of CSIs are a two-amino-acid insertion in a conserved region of the enzyme phosphoribose diphosphate:decaprenyl-phosphate phosphoribosyltransferase and a three-amino-acid insertion in acetate kinase, both of which are found only in Corynebacterium species. (wikipedia.org)
- Both of these indels serve as molecular markers for species of the genus Corynebacterium. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, 16 conserved signature proteins, which are uniquely found in Corynebacterium species, have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
- Some nondiphtheria species of Corynebacterium produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these are also human pathogens . (wikidoc.org)
- Some species of Corynebacterium have sequenced genomes that range in size from 2.5 - 3 Mbp. (wikidoc.org)
- Species of Corynebacterium have been used in the mass production of various amino acids including L-Glutamic Acid , a popular food additive that is made at a rate of 1.5 million tons/ year by Corynebacterium. (wikidoc.org)
- Additionally, related Corynebacterium species have been found in granulomatous lobular mastitis in humans [6]. (kenyon.edu)
- Comparisons between species found high similarity between C. mastitidis and other species in the genus Corynebacterium, and lower levels of relatedness between C. mastitidis and other coryneform taxa [4]. (kenyon.edu)
- C. mastitidis was determined to be its own distinct species with an approximate 5% divergence from the closest related species, Corynebacterium renale, and a 6-10% divergence from other Corynebacterium species [4]. (kenyon.edu)
- Background: Corynebacterium species are often dismissed as contaminants in blood cultures, but they can also cause infective endocarditis (IE), which is a severe condition. (lu.se)
- Reports on IE caused by Corynebacterium species are scarce and more knowledge is needed. (lu.se)
- Methods: Cases of IE caused by Corynebacterium species were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis. (lu.se)
- Results: Thirty episodes of IE due to Corynebacterium species were identified between 2008 and 2017. (lu.se)
- Conclusions: Corynebacterium species cause IE, where prosthetic valves are mainly affected and surgery is often performed. (lu.se)
- By analysing the largest collection of Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum ( C. glucuronolyticum ) isolates from a single centre thus far, we aimed to appraise a potential causal link between an infrequently isolated species and the urethritis syndrome in men. (em-consulte.com)
- Auwaerter, Paul G. "Corynebacterium Species. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Pediatrics Central , peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540637/3.0/Corynebacterium_species. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Erythrasma is a superficial skin disease caused by Gram-positive Corynebacterium species. (symptoma.com)
- Species Report for: Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. (inra.fr)
Ulcerans3
- In contrast, toxigenic recommendations exist for toxigenic diphtheria in Corynebacterium ulcerans is a zoonotic organism that animals because of its rarity, but health departments causes diphtheria-like illness in humans clinically may pursue interventions similar to those to prevent transmission in humans. (cdc.gov)
- Corynebacterium ulcerans is attracting attention as an emerging zoonosis that causes lymphadenitis, dermatitis and respiratory infections. (nih.gov)
- Corynebacterium ulcerans may cause diphtheria in humans and caseous lymphadenitis in animals. (cdc.gov)
Pseudotuberculosis2
- This study set out to sequence the genome of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Cp) 3/99-5, an ovine strain isolated from a naturally-occurring case of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in Scotland. (gla.ac.uk)
- Objective -To determine clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, and outcome in horses with internal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. (avma.org)
Genus11
- Corynebacterium (/kɔːˈraɪnəbækˌtɪəriəm, -ˈrɪn-/) is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and most are aerobic. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Corynebacterium was created by Lehmann and Neumann in 1896 as a taxonomic group to contain the bacterial rods responsible for causing diphtheria. (wikipedia.org)
- Three of these have homologs found in the genus Dietzia, which is believed to be the closest related genus to Corynebacterium. (wikipedia.org)
- The principal features of the genus Corynebacterium were described by Collins and Cummins, for Coryn Taylor in 1986. (wikipedia.org)
- Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive , facultatively anaerobic , non- motile , rod-shaped actinobacteria . (wikidoc.org)
- The Corynebacterium genus is comprised of multiple taxa of bacteria, and C. mastitidis differentiates itself due to its oxidative and lipophilic nature [1]. (kenyon.edu)
- These characteristics are common of the genus Corynebacterium . (ukessays.com)
- Thus, it is presumed that the environmental isolate is that of the Corynebacterium genus. (ukessays.com)
- Phylogenetic analyses of the Corynebacterium genus were performed using house-keeping loci but also secreted protein loci from Cp 3/99-5. (gla.ac.uk)
- In the genus Corynebacterium , AmtR is a key component of the nitrogen regulatory system, and it belongs to the TetR family of transcription regulators. (frontiersin.org)
- Corynebacterium striatum is an important causative agent of IE within the genus. (lu.se)
Organism2
- Corynebacterium glutamicum is the most important industrial organism for amino acid production. (pharmiweb.com)
- Corynebacterium glutamicum is known for its role in the industrial production of L-glutamate and L-lysine and as a platform organism for the production of a variety of fine chemicals, biofuels and polymers. (pharmiweb.com)
Striatum2
- Corynebacterium striatum (n = 11) was the most common IE causing pathogen followed by Corynebacterium jeikeium (n = 5). (lu.se)
- We describe a patient who developed Corynebacterium striatum native valve endocarditis after receiving two 6-week courses of daptomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and osteomyelitis. (symptoma.com)
Jeikeium1
- Based on this reclassification, for example, Corynebacterium haemolyticum became Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and the JK group became Corynebacterium jeikeium . (medscape.com)
Strains1
- Devriese LA, Riegel P, Hommez J, Vaneechoutte M, de Baere T, Haesebrouck F. Identification of Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum strains from the urogenital tract of humans and pigs. (dsmz.de)
Renale1
- and urinary tract infections and mastitis (affecting milk production) in cattle due to infection with Corynebacterium renale , Corynebacterium cystidis , Corynebacterium pilosum , and Corynebacterium bovis . (medscape.com)
Isolates1
- 0001). Vancomycin was active towards all Corynebacterium isolates, whereas resistance towards penicillin G was common. (lu.se)
Escherichia2
- Ben-Samoun K, Leblon G, Reyes O. Positively regulated expression of the Escherichia coli araBAD promoter in Corynebacterium glutamicum. (harvard.edu)
- OATase) gene (argJ) from the L-arginine -producing mutant Corynebacterium crenatum SYPA5-5 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). (bvsalud.org)
Ovis1
- Formalinised AI HO3 adsorbed ssuspension of corynebacterium ovis. (vetproductsonline.co.za)
Glucuronolyticum2
- Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum in men with and without urethritis syndrome: An underrecognized pathogen or a bona fide commensal? (em-consulte.com)
- The role of Corynebacterium (C.) glucuronolyticum in urethritis is underacknowledged. (em-consulte.com)
Pseudodiphtheriticum1
- Multiple blood cultures grew a gram - positive rod , Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum. (symptoma.com)
Hydrolase1
- 2 Alpha/beta hydrolase fold proteins and 1 fragments are known to date in Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. (inra.fr)
20221
- Nigéria, en décembre 2022 et publie depuis lors des rapports mensuels. (who.int)
Metabolic1
- The metabolic pathways of Corynebacterium have been further manipulated to produce L-Lysine and L-Threonine . (wikidoc.org)
Gene1
- In this study, we investigated whether the deletion of single or multiple gene clusters has a positive effect on the secretion of cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi in the industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum . (musagenomics.org)
Microorganism2
- Corynebacterium glutamicum is a traditional food-grade industrial microorganism, in which an efficient endotoxin-free recombinant protein expression factory is under development in recent years. (pharmiweb.com)
- Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) microorganism with less endotoxicity. (frontiersin.org)
Gram-positive1
- The effect of mechanical stresses generated by an extreme agitation intensity or a high aeration rate on growth parameters and cell physiology were studied during continuous cultivation of the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Search1
- Search: corynebacterium sp. (eol.org)
Patient1
- Le retour d'information fourni au personnel a permis de renforcer la culture de la sécurité du patient en unité de soins intensifs. (who.int)
Bacteria3
- Corynebacterium (/kɔːˈraɪnəbækˌtɪəriəm, -ˈrɪn-/) is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and most are aerobic. (wikipedia.org)
- Bernard K. The genus corynebacterium and other medically relevant coryneform-like bacteria. (medscape.com)
- Diphtheria is a disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria. (healthychildren.org)
Bacterium7
- Corynebacterium glutamicum , an industrial bacterium, has a long history in the industrial production of various amino acids ( Lee and Wendisch, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
- AK from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgAK), a bacterium used for industrial fermentation of amino acids, including glutamate and lysine, is inhibited by lysine and threonine in a concerted manner. (rcsb.org)
- Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is a Gram-positive bacterium found as a member of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract. (frontiersin.org)
- Cells of Corynebacterium undergo snapping movement after cell division, and this brings them into characteristic forms that resembles Chinese letters because the bacterium lie at acute angles or equivalent to one another. (microbiologyclass.net)
- Diphtheria is a potentially fatal respiratory disease caused by toxigenic forms of the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. (ox.ac.uk)
- Diphtheria is an acute infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae . (medlineplus.gov)
- Corynebacterium glutamicum is a nonpathogenic gram-positive bacterium used as an important industrial strain for amino acid, nucleic acid, organic acid, alcohol, and biopolymer production and is a key model organism for studying pathogen evolution, such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which are phylogenetically related to C. glutamicum [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Infections2
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the aetiologic agent of diphtheria, also represents a global medical challenge because of the existence of invasive strains as causative agents of systemic infections. (altmetric.com)
- Other strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes infections in humans include gravis , intermedius and mitis . (microbiologyclass.net)
Identification of Corynebacterium1
- Identification of Corynebacterium amycolatum and other nonlipophilic fermentative corynebacteria of human origin. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Strain4
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae nontoxigenic strain carrying the gene of diphtheria toxin]. (medscape.com)
- This study details a reliable and efficient method for CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering in the high amino acid-producing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum, NRRL-B11474. (nih.gov)
- Heat-killed, preservative-free preparations of strain CN 6134 Corynebacterium parvum have been demonstrated to induce interferon in cultures of normal adult human T-lymphocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
- Whole-Genome Sequence of the Clinical Strain Corynebacterium argentoratense DSM 44202, Isolated from a Human Throat Specimen. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Parvum1
- Effects of corynebacterium parvum on murine myeloid leukaemia. (jax.org)
Kroppenstedtii2
- In another review of antimicrobial treatment options for corynebacterial mastitis, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii was susceptible to most antibiotics except beta lactams, while Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum was resistant to most antibiotics. (medscape.com)
- Early prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. (nih.gov)
Lehmann and Neumann1
- The genus Corynebacterium was created by Lehmann and Neumann in 1896 as a taxonomic group to contain the bacterial rods responsible for causing diphtheria. (wikipedia.org)
Genome sequence2
Genus corynebacterium3
- The principal features of the genus Corynebacterium were described by Collins and Cummins, for Coryn Taylor in 1986. (wikipedia.org)
- A Comparative Study of Members of the Genus Corynebacterium. (lsu.edu)
- Carrier, Ernest Bernard, "A Comparative Study of Members of the Genus Corynebacterium. (lsu.edu)
Diphtheria toxin2
- De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A, Hawkey PM. Molecular characterization of diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxR) genes present in nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in the United Kingdom. (medscape.com)
- These milestone studies of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae along with its primary virulence determinant, diphtheria toxin, have established the paradigm for the study of other related bacterial protein toxins. (johnshopkins.edu)
Toxigenic1
- iphtheria, caused by toxigenic strains of the bac- Although these 3 strains contained the tox gene, they terium Corynebacterium diphtheriae , can result were not toxin producing. (cdc.gov)
Amino1
- The well-known amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum was used in the last decade for the bio-based production of building block chemicals, as well as for biofuels. (uni-ulm.de)
Amycolatum1
- Collins MD, Burton RA, Jones D. Corynebacterium amycolatum sp. (dsmz.de)
Endophthalmitis4
- Joseph J, Nirmalkar K, Mathai A, Sharma S. Clinical features, microbiological profile and treatment outcome of patients with Corynebacterium endophthalmitis: review of a decade from a tertiary eye care centre in southern India. (medscape.com)
- Aims To report the clinical and microbiological profile along with treatment outcome of patients with endophthalmitis caused by Corynebacterium sp. (bmj.com)
- Methods This is a retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative case series of patients with culture-proven Corynebacterium endophthalmitis seen between August 2004 and July 2014. (bmj.com)
- Sixteen patients (1%) were identified as Corynebacterium endophthalmitis. (bmj.com)
Abstract1
- Name Abstract for Corynebacterium jeddahense Edouard et al. (namesforlife.com)
Phylogenetic1
- Phylogenetic analyses of the Corynebacterium genus were performed using house-keeping loci but also secreted protein loci from Cp 3/99-5. (gla.ac.uk)
Genes1
- We engineered the wild type of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the growth-decoupled production of 2-ketoisovalerate from glucose by deletion of the aceE gene encoding the E1p subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, deletion of the transaminase B gene ilvE, and additional overexpression of the ilvBNCD genes, encoding the l-valine biosynthetic enzymes acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, and dihydroxyacid dehydratase. (uni-stuttgart.de)
Resistant1
- Endemic erythromycin resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Vietnam in the 1990s. (ox.ac.uk)
Biology2
- In: Corynebacterium glutamicum: Biology and Biotechnology. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- Transcriptome/proteome analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum" in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Biology and Biotechnology , Yukawa, H., and Inui, M. eds. (uni-bielefeld.de)
DtxR1
- DtxR, metallo-regulator was first isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae , where it influences the synthesis of diptheriae toxin gene, tox , in the presence of iron metal. (thepharmajournal.com)
Organisms1
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): The source of test organisms was activated sludge freshly obtained from a municipal sewage treatment plant: 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage. (europa.eu)
Respiratory1
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae that most often results in respiratory disease with membranous inflammation of the pharynx, sore throat, fever, swollen glands, and weakness. (lecturio.com)