17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.

A radioimmunoassay for human plasma corticosterone. (1/79)

A radioimmunoassay for human plasma corticosterone has been developed. Antiserum against corticosterone was produced in rabbits immunized with corticosterone-21-hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The antiserum cross-reacted with progesterone, DOC and dehydrocorticosterone more than 20%. After the extraction with ether, and the separation by Sephadex LH-20 microcolumn chromatography, recovery was 51.2 +/- 12.1% in 50 assays. The mean coefficient of variation between assays was 7.7% and within assays was 8.6%. Human plasma corticosterone is measured readily by assaying aliquots of an ether extract of 0.05 to 0.1 ml of plasma after microcolumn chromatography. The mean plasma corticosterone concentration at 9 a.m. was 7.1 +/- 3.2 ng/ml in 45 normal subjects. Plasma corticosterone increased 5.2 times as much as basal values after ACTH injection, whereas radioimmunoassayed cortisol increased 2.4 times. On the other hand, plasma corticosterone decreased to 22.6% of basal values at four hours after 1 mg dexamethasone, whereas radioimmunoassayed cortisol decreased to 12.3% of basal values.  (+info)

Radioimmunoassay for 11-deoxycortisol using iodine-labeled tracer. (2/79)

A simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay for 11-deoxycortisol was developed. The antiserum produced in rabbits by immunizing with a complex of 11-deoxycortisol-3-oxime and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has little cross-reactivity with other endogenous steroids. The immunoassay procedure requires only one-step ethanol denaturation of binding proteins in plasma and extraction by an organic solvent can be omitted. Furthermore, use of 125I-labeled tracer significantly simplify the counting procedure. The method is sensitive enough to detect 1 microng/100 ml of 11-deoxycortisol. Plasma 11-deoxycortisol levels measured by this method after the administration of a single dose of metyrapone ranged from 5.0 to 19.2 microng/100 ml, whereas they were 0 to 4.0 microng/100 ml in hypopituitary patients. It is concluded that this simple method is useful for the routine assay of plasma 11-deoxycortisol as a parameter of the metyrapone tests.  (+info)

Changes in the specificity of antibodies by site-specific mutagenesis followed by random mutagenesis. (3/79)

The specificity for 11-deoxycortisol (11-DOC) of a monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated SCET, was changed to specificity for cortisol (CS) by site-specific mutagenesis followed by random mutagenesis. The Fab form of SCET was expressed on the surface of a phage. During the first step, mutations were introduced at 14 amino acid positions in three complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the VH domain that seemed likely to form the steroid-binding pocket. A clone, DcC16, was isolated from the resultant library with multiple mutations and this clone was shown to have CS-binding activity but also to retain high 11-DOC-binding activity. During the second step, mutations were introduced randomly into the entire VH-coding region of the DcC16 clone by an error-prone polymerase chain reaction, and CS-specific mutant antibodies were selected in the presence of 11-DOC as a competitor. Three representative clones were analyzed with the BIAcore instrument, and each revealed a large increase in the binding constant for CS and a decrease in that for 11-DOC. Structural models, constructed by computer simulation, indicated the probable molecular basis for these changes in specificity.  (+info)

Apparent activities of 21-hydroxylase, 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase are impaired in adrenal incidentalomas. (4/79)

OBJECTIVE: An increased response of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to ACTH stimulation has been observed in adrenal incidentaloma and linked to an impairment of either 21-hydroxylase or of 11beta-hydroxylase activity. To analyse this question further, we investigated the steroidogenic pathways in a series of 17 adrenal incidentalomas. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: 17 patients (7 women, 10 men; mean age, 62 +/- 12 years) with non-histologically analyzed adrenal incidentalomas were prospectively evaluated. METHODS: The following variables were investigated: 24-h urinary methanephrines and free cortisol excretion; plasma levels of ACTH and dehydroepiandrosterone; overnight dexamethasone suppression test; 1-24 ACTH stimulation test with measurement of: cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, Delta4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 21-deoxycortisol. RESULTS: Discordant features of subclinical hypercorticism were noted in one case. No patient had dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in the normal range for his or her age. Peak 17-hydroxyprogesterone and peak 21-deoxycortisol disclosed impairment of 21-hydroxylase in 11 and 10 cases respectively. An increased 11-deoxycortisol/cortisol ratio identified reduced activity of 11beta-hydroxylase in 11 patients. Eight patients displayed features of mild 17,20-lyase impairment, which was related to 21-hydroxylase dysfunction. Whereas only 2 patients showed no enzyme modification, 9 displayed alterations of at least two pathways. CONCLUSION: In our hands, a combination of enzyme dysfunction was frequently observed. Shared biochemical mechanisms could explain combined 17,20-lyase and 21-hydroxylase alterations, whereas coexistence of 21-hydroxylase (particularly when based on peak 21-deoxycortisol) and 11beta-hydroxylase is more puzzling.  (+info)

Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on in vitro final oocyte maturation and ovarian steroidogenesis in striped bass, Morone saxatilis. (5/79)

Recombinant human (rh) insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was more potent than rhIGF-II at inducing in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), a marker for resumption of meiosis, in oocytes of striped bass. Treatment of ovarian fragments containing oocytes in intact follicles with rhIGF-I increased concentrations of estradiol-17beta and maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) 17,20beta, 21-trihydoxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20beta-S) in the culture medium and decreased testosterone levels. The follicles were too immature for oocytes to complete GVBD in response to 20beta-S (MIS incompetent) or hCG. Addition of 20beta-S to cultures did not increase the percentage of oocytes completing GVBD in response to rhIGF-I or rhIGF-II. Bovine insulin was without effect on GVBD or steroid production. Incubation of MIS-competent follicles with actinomycin D, cyanoketone, trilostane, 1-heptanol, or 1-octanol had no effect on rhIGF-I-induced GVBD, but attenuated hCG-induced GVBD and 20beta-S production. Cycloheximide inhibited rhIGF-I-induced GVBD. Collectively, these observations indicate that IGF-I can induce GVBD via MIS- and transcription-independent pathways without coupled gap junctions between oocytes and granulosa cells or among granulosa cells, but requires protein synthesis to do so. An rhIGF-I analogue that does not bind IGF-binding proteins, des(1,3)IGF-I, was more potent than rhIGF-I in inducing GVBD, suggesting ovarian IGF-binding proteins may inhibit IGF-I action.  (+info)

Nonchromatographic radioimmunoassay of plasma 11-deoxycortisol, for use in the metyrapone test, with polyethylene glycol as the precipant. (6/79)

We have developed a simple, reliable radioimmunoassay for plasma 11-deoxycortisol. The method does not require chromatography but instead makes use of a simple extraction procedure which, in combination with the antibody characteristics, is highly specific for the metyrapone test. Polyethylene glycol was used to separate free and antibody-bound steroid. The smallest amount measurable is 15 pg (2.0 mug/liter of plasma). The method is shown to be precise and accurate. Intraassay precision of the method for two plasma pools was 26.7 plus or minus 2.5 mug/liter (CV equals 9.4%) and 61.2 plus or minus 3.7 mug/liter (CV equals 6.0%). The respective inter-assay precision was 27.0 plus or minus 1.7 mug/liter (CV equals 6.3%) and 59.9 plus or minus 2.3 mug/liter (CV equals 3.8%). The validity of the assay was further verified by evaluating the plasma 11-deoxycortisol response to metyrapone administration. The relative simplicity of the method and the commercial availability of all reagents, including antisera, makes this radioimmunoassay procedure practical for use in clinical laboratories.  (+info)

CYP11A1 stimulates the hydroxylase activity of CYP11B1 in mitochondria of recombinant yeast in vivo and in vitro. (7/79)

In mammals, hydrocortisone synthesis from cholesterol is catalyzed by a set of five specialized enzymes, four of them belonging to the superfamily of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. A recombinant yeast expression system was recently developed for the CYP11B1 (P45011beta) enzyme, which performs the 11beta hydroxylation of steroids such as 11-deoxycortisol into hydrocortisone, one of the three mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 proteins involved in steroidogenesis in mammals. This heterologous system was used to test the potential interaction between CYP11B1 and CYP11A1 (P450scc), the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 enzyme responsible for the side chain cleaving of cholesterol. Recombinant CYP11B1 and CYP11A1 were targeted to Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria using the yeast cytochrome oxidase subunit 6 mitochondrial presequence fused to the mature form of the two proteins. In yeast, the presence of CYP11A1 appears to improve 11beta hydroxylase activity of CYP11B1 in vivo and in vitro. Fractionation experiments indicate the presence of the two proteins in the same membrane fractions, i.e. inner membrane and contact sites of mitochondria. Thus, yeast mitochondria provide interesting insights to study some molecular and cellular aspects of mammalian steroid synthesis. In particular, recombinant yeast should permit a better understanding of the mechanism permitting the synthesis of steroids (sex steroids, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids) with a minimal set of enzymes at physiological level, thus avoiding disease states.  (+info)

Parallel radioimmunoassay for plasma cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol. (8/79)

We describe a direct, rapid, and specific procedure for the parallel radioimmunoassay for cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol in plasma. The plasma sample is used directly, after heat inactivation of the natural cortisol-binding protein. The radioimmunoassay utilizes antibodies generated in rabbits by steroids congugated at their 3-oxo position to thyroglobulin. Ammonium sulfate is used to separate bound and free steroids. Our cortisol antibody and an 11-deoxycortisol antibody obtained elsewhere cross reacted negligibly with each other or with other steroids that might be present in plasma. Radioimmunoassays were therefore developed for both steroids in only 1.25 mul of plasma. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for both steroids were less than 10%, with a sensitivyt of 4 mug/liter. Steroid values obtained by a competitive protein binding method were consistently higher than those of the present method, suggesting that the former is measuring total corticosteroids. This simple approach requires only 4 h for the specific measurement of both cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol in 20 samples of plasma.  (+info)

11-Deoxycortisol, also known as cortodoxone (INN) or cortexolone, as well as 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone or 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione,[1] is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone. It was first synthesized by Tadeusz Reichstein, and has also been referred to as Reichsteins Substance.[1] On April 5, 1952, biochemist Durey Peterson and microbiologist Herbert Murray at Upjohn published the first report of a breakthrough fermentation process for the microbial 11α-oxygenation of steroids (e.g. progesterone) in a single step by common molds of the order Mucorales.[2] 11α-oxygenation of Compound S produces 11α-hydrocortisone, which can be chemically oxidized to cortisone, or converted by further chemical steps to 11β-hydrocortisone (cortisol). 11-Deoxycortisol acts as a glucocorticoid, though is less potent than cortisol. It can be synthesized from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. In 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, 11-deoxycortisol levels increase dramatically, causing hypertension (as opposed to ...
11-Deoxycortisol (Compound S) is the immediate precursor of cortisol:. 11 beta-hydroxylase. 11-deoxycortisol---------------------------,cortisol. Compound S is typically increased when adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels are increased (eg, Cushing disease, ACTH-producing tumors) or in 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency, a rare subform of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In CAH due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency, cortisol levels are low, resulting in increased pituitary ACTH production and increased serum and urine 11-deoxycortisol levels.. Pharmacological blockade of 11 beta-hydroxylase with metyrapone can be used to assess the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). In this procedure metyrapone is administered to patients, and serum 11-deoxycortisol levels or urinary 17-hydroxy steroid levels are measured either at baseline (midnight) and 8 hours later (overnight test), or at baseline and once per day during a 2-day metyrapone test (4-times a day metyrapone ...
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The adrenal glands, ovaries, testes, and placenta produce steroid hormones, which can be subdivided into 3 major groups: mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids. Synthesis proceeds from cholesterol along 3 parallel pathways, corresponding to these 3 major groups of steroids, through successive side-chain cleavage and hydroxylation reactions. At various levels of each pathway, intermediate products can move into the respective adjacent pathways via additional, enzymatically catalyzed reactions (see Steroid Pathways in Special Instructions).. 21-Deoxycortisol is an intermediate steroid in the glucocorticoid pathway. While the main substrate flow in glucocorticoid synthesis proceeds from 17-hydroxyprogesterone via 21-hydroxylation to 11-deoxycortisol and then, ultimately, to cortisol, a small proportion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone is also hydroxylated at carbon number 11 by 11-beta-hydroxylase 1 (CYP11B1), yielding 21-deoxycortisol. This in turn can also serve as a substrate for ...
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) weighing 200 to 350 mg were used to test the duration of sciatic blockade with each of the preparations described below. The rats were anesthetized briefly (less than 1 min) with 2% to 3% halothane in oxygen using a face mask. Sciatic nerve percutaneous blockade was performed through the posterolateral approach immediately medial and cephalad to the greater trochanter and inferior to the sciatic notch of the pelvis. At least four rats were used in each test. After injection, the halothane anesthetic was discontinued and animals were awakened within 1 min. Sensory blockade was examined using a modified unilateral 56 degrees Celsius hotplate technique developed by Masters and coworkers. [2] A cut-off latency of 12 s was used to prevent development of hyperalgesia or injury. Duration of dense sensory blockade was defined operationally as the time from injection to recovery of hot plate latency to 7 s or less. Each leg was tested ...
Results At birth, VPT infants exhibit a global defect in adrenal steroid synthesis pathways leading to lower levels of aldosterone, cortisol and androstenedione than in term infants. This defect was strongly related to GA. On day 3, steroid precursors (progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 17-hydroxyprogesterone(17-OH-P) and 11-deoxycortisol (S)) were higher in VPT and negatively correlated with GA. Despite of precursors accumulation, aldosterone and cortisol were similar in the three groups. At birth and day 3, a low cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio was found in preterm infants, suggesting an 11-beta-hydroxylase activity (CYP11B1) deficiency. ...
Looking for online definition of 11-deoxycortisol in the Medical Dictionary? 11-deoxycortisol explanation free. What is 11-deoxycortisol? Meaning of 11-deoxycortisol medical term. What does 11-deoxycortisol mean?
The metyrapone test has been improved by specific measurement of plasma 11-deoxycortisol. This simplified method measures 11-deoxycortisol and cortisol in a sample of 0.1 ml of plasma after a standard dose of metyrapone. In normal patients, after metyrapone ingestion, plasma 11-deoxycortisol rises from a base line of 0.8 ± 0.8 µg/100 ml to 16.8 ± 4.4 µg/100 ml, and plasma cortisol falls from 13.5 ± 5.1 µg/100 ml to 3.3 ± 2.8 µg/100 ml. After metyrapone 11-deoxycortisol is reduced only in adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) deficiency. Patients with hypopituitarism or chronic corticoid therapy and 9 of 12 acromegalics had subnormal levels. Patients with the empty sella syndrome or trophic hormone deficiency other than ACTH had normal levels. In primary hypothyroidism postmetyrapone 11-deoxycortisol is significantly greater than in normals. This difference is thought to be caused by delayed metabolic clearance of the steroid. Simultaneous measurement of serum cortisol affords an internal ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dynamic feedback circuits function as a switch for shaping a maturation-inducing steroid pulse in Drosophila. AU - Moeller, Morten E.. AU - Danielsen, E. Thomas. AU - Herder, Rachel. AU - OConnor, Michael B.. AU - Rewitz, Kim F.. N1 - This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research,Natural Sciences [grant 11-105446 to K.F.R.] and the National Institutes of Health[grant R01 GM093301 to M.B.O.]. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Steroid hormones trigger the onset of sexual maturation in animals by initiating genetic response programs that are determined by steroid pulse frequency, amplitude and duration. Although steroid pulses coordinate growth and timing of maturation during development, the mechanisms generating these pulses are not known. Here we show that the ecdysone steroid pulse that drives the juvenile-adult transition in Drosophila is determined by feedback circuits in the prothoracic gland (PG), the major steroid-producing tissue of insect larvae. These ...
The overall goal of this research was to verify the involvement of membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRα) in mediating progestin-stimulated sperm hypermotility in the Atlantic croaker and southern flounder. Sperm motility in Atlantic croaker and southern flounder were tested with both the endogenous progestin, 17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-S) or the selective mPRα agonist, 10-ethenyl-19-norprogesterone (Org OD 02-0). In croaker, the Pi3k/Akt/Pde and ErbB2/Mapk intracellular signaling pathways were examined. The role of mPRα in mediating sperm hypermotility and fertility in southern flounder was also studied. The effects of seasonal hypoxia on sperm motility in croaker were investigated in a field study in the northern Gulf of Mexico in the fall of 2010. Finally, the effects of acidified activator solution (simulating ocean acidification) were studied in the laboratory. In vitro, Org OD 02-0 mimicked the stimulatory actions of 20β-S in inducing sperm hypermotility and ...
Hypoxia is an endocrine disruptor, altering estrogen, testosterone, and progestin hormone levels and stunting gonadal growth in Atlantic croaker. Steroids act through specific hormone receptors to alter reproductive functions, and the hormonal response is dependent on the concentrations of these receptors. However, information is currently lacking on the effects of hypoxia on expression and functions of membrane receptors mediating rapid, non-genomic steroid actions such as final oocyte maturation and apoptosis. Atlantic croakers were exposed to normoxia (7.0 mg DO/L) or hypoxia (1.7 mg DO/L) for 6 weeks during their period of gonadal recrudescence (October-December). Relative gene expression was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). mRNA expression of the membrane androgen receptor, ZIP9, was increased in hypoxia-exposed fish compared to normoxia-exposed controls, whereas mRNA expression of the membrane estrogen receptor, GPER, and membrane progestin receptor, mPRα, was ...
To examine the production of steroids with potential oocyte maturation-inducing or pheromonal activity in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) we have incubated mature ovaries of this species with 17-[3H]hydroxyprogesterone. The metabolites in the unconjugated, glucuronide, and sulfate fractions were identified by chromatography, microchemical reaction, and, in most cases, crystallization to constant specific activity. A major metabolite, present in all three fractions, was tentatively identified as 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,7 alpha,17,20 beta-tetrol. Although 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-P) was found in only low yield (as a sulfate), the presence of the tetrol indicates that it is synthesized in high yield but very rapidly metabolized. The relative proportions of 17,20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 alpha-P), 11-deoxycortisol (17,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione) and 17,20 beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta,21-P) varied significantly between incubations and ...
Metyrapone (trade name Metopirone) is a drug used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and occasionally in the treatment of Cushings syndrome (hypercortisolism). Metyrapone blocks cortisol synthesis by reversibly inhibiting steroid 11β-hydroxylase. This stimulates ACTH secretion, which in turn increases plasma 11-deoxycortisol levels. Metyrapone can be used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Metyrapone 30 mg/kg, maximum dose 3000 mg, is administered at midnight usually with a snack. The plasma cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol are measured the next morning between 8:00 and 9:00 am. A plasma cortisol less than 220 nmol/l indicates adequate inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase. In patients with intact Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, CRH and ACTH levels rise as a response to the falling cortisol levels. This results in an increase of the steroid precursors in the pathway. Therefore, if 11-deoxycortisol levels do not rise and remain less than 7 µg/dl (202 nmol/l) and ACTH rises, then it is ...
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High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a chemistry technique used to separate chemical compound(s) of interest from other compounds in a liquid sample. When HPLC is coupled to a detection method, these can be quantified to provide detailed information on the chemical composition of a sample. HPLC is commonly used in quality control and research laboratories in the biotechnology, chemical, agricultural, pharmaceutical, dietary supplement, and cosmetic industries.
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iiF, REF~~ copy & t, Do Not Remove from the Library lJ. S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Research Center Biological k?pOrt 82( 10.98) JUNE 1985 HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS: JUVENILE ATLANTIC CROAKER (Revised) Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior This model is designed to be used by the Division of Ecological Services in conjunction with the Habitat Evaluation Procedures. This is one of the first reports to be published in the new Biological Report series. This technical report series, published by the Research and Development branch of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, replaces the FWS/OBS series published from 1976 to September 1984. The Biological Report series is designed for the rapid publication of reports with an application orientation, and it continues the focus of the FWS/OBS series on resource management issues and fish and wildlife needs. Biological Report 82(10.98) June 1985 HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS: JUVENILE ATLANTIC CROAKER ...
76 BOOK REVIEWS The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds S Patai (general ed) Updates on the Silicon-Heteroatom Bond D A Arrnitage (ed) Wiley, Chichester, 1991 540 pages, $90. ISBN 0 471 92904 2 Most chemists reach first for the appropriately coloured Patai volume when looking for the reactions of a particular system or functional group. The previous publication, The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds, like its predecessors in this series, provide a useful coverage of particular topics, but there was one important omission from the main text; it lacked any detailed account of the reactions of the silicon-nitrogen bond. This omission has now been rectified, in that this recent Update volume includes a chapter on the silicon-nitrogen bond, together with an appendix to the Si-N chapter covering publications over the past few years. The observation by the author that there have been 300 references to silicon-nitrogen chemistry over the past three years in the RSC Specialist Reports on ...
A better testing choice is the Metyrapone test.. Unlike ACTH which requires an injection, the metyrapone drug can be given PO orally. The metyrapone test is superior to the ACTH stimulation test because evaluates both hypothalamic and adrenal function. HCG stimulates testicular production of testosterone without impairing fertility, and is therefore a preferred treatment in the er age group. He was also given a small dosage of natural thyroida half grain tablet daily.. Additional treatment protocols were also given as outlined by Dr. Jim had hypothalamic damage from MDMA drug use which caused his low hormone levels and chronic fatigue. LH and FSH then travel to the testicle to stimulate testosterone LH and sperm production FSH.. Chronic recreational drug use with Ecstasy. For Part Three, Click Here Low Testosterone From Pain Pills by Jeffrey Dach MD Dr John Crisler on HCG for Symptoms of Low Testosterone Low Testosterone Diagnosis and Treatment by Jeffrey Dach MD More articles on Low ...
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A sample of venous blood and a 24 hour urine collection may be collected for this test. Methods used collect a sample for this test vary. Depending on the method used, you may need a sample collected more than once, over multiple days, or at specific times. Ask the healthcare worker to explain the details of this test to you. Venous blood: When a blood sample from a vein is needed, a vein in your arm is usually selected. A tourniquet (large rubber strap) may be secured above the vein. The skin over the vein will be cleaned, and a needle will be inserted. You will be asked to hold very still while your blood is collected. Blood will be collected into one or more tubes, and the tourniquet will be removed. When enough blood has been collected, the healthcare worker will take the needle out. 24 hour urine collection: For a 24-hour urine collection, all of the urine that you pass over a 24-hour time period must be collected. If you are in the hospital, a healthcare worker will collect your urine. You ...
Routine biochemistry should be performed, since hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia may be present. In addition to this there may be hypoglycaemia, and a metabolic acidosis.. The hormonal findings depend on the enzyme affected. Cortisol and aldosterone are low or absent in nearly all subtypes; where the cortisol is low the serum ACTH will be raised as a normal physiological response. Also raised will be the substrate normally acted upon by the enzyme, thus 17-hydroxyprogesterone in 21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, 11-deoxycortisol in 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency.. In addition to this there will be a raised level of products from pathways not affected by the deficiency; thus urinary pregnanetriol and 17-oxosteroids are elevated in the two defects mentioned above.. Chromosomal analysis is indicated if there is cryptorchidism.. Last reviewed 04/2021 ...
At the end of the MS2 and Raoultella trials, an effluent sample was collected a spiked to serve as a control sample to determine whether anti-microbial agents leach into the effluent water. This is critical in terms of claims of treatment within a specific timeframe. This sample was spiked with a known concentration of MS2 (10e3 PFU/mL) and Raoultella (10e3 CFU/mL). Two samples were collected from this seeded control; one sample was analyzed immediately and the other sample was analyzed after approximately three hours contact time. If no anti-microbial agents are present in the treated water, the results for each organism type at different time points are expected to be similar; if analysis of the second sample indicates a substantially lower concentration, it suggests anti-microbial compounds are present in the effluent water. In this case, the compound(s) would need to be identified and neutralized upon sample collection to generate valid microbiological reduction data as the water leaves the ...
Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-5-{(1R)-1-[(1S,4R,4aR,6R,8aS)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-2-propanyl)-4,8a-dimethyld.
Objective: To discover the value of low-dose (LDAT) and standard-dose ACTH tests (SDAT) as compared with the metyrapone test in the diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency. Patients and Methods: LDAT (0.5 mug/m(2)), SDAT (250 mug/m2) and overnight metyrapone (30 mg/kg) tests were carried out in 29 patients with suspected adrenal insufficiency. LDAT and SDAT were also performed in 36 control subjects. Results: 18 of 29 patients were grouped in the adrenal-sufficient (AS) group and 11 of 29 patients in the adrenal-deficient (AD) group according to the metyrapone test results. The control group had significantly higher cortisol responses than the AS and AD groups during LDAT. The control group had similar cortisol responses to the AS group but higher cortisol responses than the AD group during SDAT. The AS group was divided into 2 subgroups: AS patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (AS-multiple) and AS patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiencies (AS-isolated). The ...
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The ACTH stimulation test measures how well the adrenal glands respond to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Learn more about this test or book an appointment.
English - Chinese Bio-chemistry Dictionary. By: Joe Hing Kwok Chu. Back to Biochemistry Dictionary Main page. Adrenocortical Hormone, Page 1 Page 1 (index 11-deoxycortisol~18-hydroxycorticosterone). page 2 (3b-hydroxydehydrogenase~cardiac inhibiting factor). page 3 (circadian rhythms ~ dexamethasone). page 4 (metyrapone test ~ stress reaction). page 5 (tetrahydrocortisol ~ water test). Go to Next page ...
11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD), an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, accounts for 5-8% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In Greece, no cases of 11β-OHD have been described so far. The patient presented at the age of 13 months with mild virilization of external genitalia and pubic hair development since the age of 3 months. Hormonal profile showed elevated 11-deoxycortisol, adrenal androgens and ACTH levels. ACTH stimulation test was compatible with 11β-OHD. DNA of the proband and her parents was isolated and genotyped for CYP11B1 gene coding cytochrome P450c11. The girl was found to be compound heterozygous for two CYP11B1 novel mutations, p.Ala386Glu (exon 7), inherited from the father and p.Leu471Argin (exon 9) from the mother. Hydrocortisone supplementation therapy was initiated. Four years after presentation she remains normotensive, her growth pattern is normal and the bone age remains advanced despite adequate suppression of adrenal androgens. ...
Your approach demands a single compound(s) that acts independently, is highly soluble-relaively small in molecular weight, , broadly effective at neutral pH and is stable to your manipulations. I strongly suggest you evaluate the mucus in situ as much as possible to see if there is any reason to believe in your hypothesis. To your hypothesis - please think beyond the simple highly soluble antibiiotic-type basis. Mucus may be establishing physical protection, perhaps sloughing off at a rate that prevents establishment of significant microbial growth - and/or there may be a poorly soluble factor within mucus that isnt leached out by water and prevents growth in and on mucus (similar to triclosan from soap).. ...
The present invention relates to a cosmetic process for making up and/or caring for keratin material(s), comprising the application, on contact with a keratin material, of at least one cosmetic composition consisting of at least 50% by weight, relative to its total weight, of compound(s) approved for food use, including at least particles with color and/or optical effects containing at least two materials, said particles being referenced in the Codex alimentarius or consisting exclusively of materials referenced in the Codex alimentarius.
Kime DE, Scott AP, Canario AVM. In vitro biosynthesis of steroids, including 11-deoxycortisol and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,7 alpha,17,20 beta-tetrol, by ovaries of the goldfish Carassius auratus during the stage of oocyte final maturation. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1992;87(3):375-84. ...
Striped bass is classified as an anadromous fish, meaning it migrates from salt water to fresh water during the spawning season. Striped bass is a flaky and relatively firm textured fish that has a mild but distinctive flavor that is highly prized. Striped bass is known as suzuki when prepared for sushi.FARM 2 MARKET p
Phospho DSIP Spec Sheet Size/Unit 2 mg/vial 5 mg/vial 10 mg/vial Quantity/Unit 1 kit Physical Appearance White Peptide Purity 98.4% Molecular Formula C35H49N10O18P1 Molecular Mass 928.8 CAS NO. 62568-57-4 Storage Guidelines Phospho DSIP will remain ...
Expression of genes related totriacylglycerol synthesis and catabolism in the liver of large yellow croaker.Values (means±S.E.M.) in bars that have the same le
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
Your veterinarian will likely recommend that your pet remain in the hospital for the few hours that are needed to complete the ACTH stimulation test. This is to avoid stress or excitement (for example, from a car ride), which can affect your pets cortisol level and reduce the accuracy of the final test result. Generally, pets undergoing an ACTH stimulation test are temporarily kept in a very quiet area of the hospital to reduce stress and excitement as the test is being performed. Your veterinarian may ask you to withhold food on the day of the test. You should mention any medications or supplements that your pet may be receiving, as some chemicals can affect the accuracy of the test. Be sure to address any questions or concerns with your veterinarian ...
11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD), an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, accounts for 5-8% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In Greece, no cases of 11β-OHD have been described so far. The patient presented at the age of 13 months with mild virilization of external genitalia and pubic hair development since the age of 3 months. Hormonal profile showed elevated 11-deoxycortisol, adrenal androgens and ACTH levels. ACTH stimulation test was compatible with 11β-OHD. DNA of the proband and her parents was isolated and genotyped for CYP11B1 gene coding cytochrome P450c11. The girl was found to be compound heterozygous for two CYP11B1 novel mutations, p.Ala386Glu (exon 7), inherited from the father and p.Leu471Argin (exon 9) from the mother. Hydrocortisone supplementation therapy was initiated. Four years after presentation she remains normotensive, her growth pattern is normal and the bone age remains advanced despite adequate suppression of adrenal androgens. ...
Indication Diagnose adrenal insufficiency. Procedure Administer 250 μg iv corticotropin.Measure serum cortisol at 30 or 60 min. Interpretation Peak cortisol | 500 nmol/L indicates adrenal insufficiency. For secondary adrenal insufficiency: specificity 95% & sensitivity 57%. Garber 2003 Caveats The test cannot rule out secondary (central) adrenal insufficiency in the first four weeks after surgery or an…
Projects like the Northeast Striped Bass Study are only as good as the data they provide, and with more tags comes more data and subsequently a better picture and understanding of striped bass habits. From the start we had grand visions of what this project could become, and within minutes of announcing the study earlier this year anglers throughout the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and beyond began asking how they could get involved and how additional tags could be funded. Well, heres your chance.. In October, The Fisherman launched what we are calling the 3Rs of Striped Bass campaign. Defined as RELEASE properly, REDUCE mortality, and REBUILD striped bass, the concept of the 3Rs is something that all anglers should be able to get behind. Along with the campaign, we created a unique logo to be featured any time a print or web feature connects back to this concept. Building upon our long track record of doing what is right for the striped bass fishery and setting an example for that fisherys ...
I am female, 25 and recently had an ACTH stimulation test performed. Cortisol started at 6.3 and after an hour jumped to 28.2. My doctor said this was good but everything I have read indicates that this is bad because it is a symptom of secondary adrenal insufficiency. Is my doctor right or should more tests be performed ...
In Europe, the prevalence and incidence of chronic primary AI are 93 to 144 cases per million and 4.4 to 6.0 new cases per million population per year, respectively [1,4,14,15]. Central AI is more common than primary AI. Secondary AI has an estimated prevalence of 150 to 280 cases per million [1,4,16,17,18,19,20]. Tertiary AI is believed to be the most common form of AI [1,4,21]. Among the patients who underwent a rapid ACTH stimulation test or an insulin tolerance test to rule out AI in our study, approximately one-fourth were actually diagnosed with AI, and all these patients had central AI. No cases of primary AI were found in our cohort. The prevalence and incidence of primary AI in Korea have not yet been reported [22]. Thus, the lack of cases of primary AI in our study either reflects a lower prevalence of primary AI in Korea than in other countries, or is the result of limitations placed on determining which patients were eligible for an ACTH stimulation or insulin tolerance test. Studies ...
The striped bass is a delicious fish. It has been in the Saguenay for about 10 years but it is prohibited to fish for the purpose of restoring this endangered and protected population under the Species at Risk Act. Anyone who catches a striped bass in the Saguenay must return it to the water immediately, dead or…
Frog Croaker is a free iPhone download application which uses the latest geo-location technology to showcase Frog Species found in North Wes
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.
Almost any rod and reel heavier than a light spinning outfit is suitable for striped bass fishing. The lighter the tackle, the greater the sport, of course. Under certain conditions, however, fairly h
You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule (5z,8z,12e)-11,14,15-trihydroxy-5,8,12-icosatrienoic acid (C20H34O5) from the PQR.
I got this from another site.... The NJ DEP is having three meetings for the public to comment on the new striper regulations. Here is a link with more...
Bones found at the bottom of a ravine this week in Croaker have been identified as the remains of Steve Huff, James City police said Friday.Huff lived nearby but disappeared without a trace 18
... may refer to: 11-Deoxycortisol (cortodoxone, cortexolone, Reichstein's Substance; 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone) ...
It is a hydrophobic chlorphenacyl nitrogen mustard ester of 11-deoxycortisol (cortodoxone). List of hormonal cytostatic ...
... cortodoxone, cortexolone) = 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 11-Ketoprogesterone (11-oxoprogesterone; Ketogestin) = pregn ...
... cortodoxone chlorphenacyl ester) Cortisone acetate Corticosterone acetate Corticosterone benzoate Cortodoxone acetate ...
Cortoderm cortodoxone (INN) Cortone Cortril Cortrophin-Zinc Cortrosyn Corvert Coryphen Codeine Corzide cositecan (USAN, INN) ...
... cortodoxone MeSH D06.472.040.585.478.392 - hydrocortisone MeSH D06.472.040.585.478.782 - tetrahydrocortisol MeSH D06.472. ...
... may refer to: Cortodoxone Zidovudine, by trade name This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the ...
... , also known as cortodoxone (INN), cortexolone as well as 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone or 17α,21-dihydroxypregn ...
... cortodoxone MeSH D04.808.745.745.654.339 - desoxycorticosterone MeSH D04.808.745.745.654.339.400 - 18- ...
Cortodoxone / blood * Dehydroepiandrosterone / blood * Depressive Disorder, Major / blood * Depressive Disorder, Major / drug ...
Filtros: Palavra-chave is Cortodoxone [Clear All Filters]. 1992. Kime DE, Scott AP, Canario AVM. In vitro biosynthesis of ...
Cortodoxone D4.808.745.745.654.252 D4.210.500.745.745.654.252 Cosmic Dust G1.60.249.159.200 G1.60.75.159.200 Cosmic Radiation ...
Cortodoxone Active Synonym false false 196232018 Cortexolone Active Synonym false false 196233011 Compound S Active Synonym ...
Cortodoxone - Preferred Concept UI. M0005222. Scope note. 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid ... Cortodoxone Entry term(s). 11 Deoxycortisol 11 Desoxycortisol 11 Desoxycortisone 11-Deoxycortisol 11-Desoxycortisol 11- ... Cortodoxone Entry term(s):. 11 Deoxycortisol. 11 Desoxycortisol. 11 Desoxycortisone. 11-Deoxycortisol. 11-Desoxycortisol. 11- ...
cortodoxone. *κοσμική ακτινοβολία EQ. cosmic radiation. *κουνούπια EQ. mosquitoes. *κοχλίας EQ. cochlea ...
Dive into the research topics of Amino acid substitutions Phe66 → Leu and Ser126 → Pro abolish cortisol and aldosterone synthesis by bovine cytochrome P450(11β). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Cortodoxone Medicine & Life Sciences 14% * Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Medicine & Life Sciences 12% ...
Cortodoxone D4.808.745.745.654.252 D4.210.500.745.745.654.252 Cosmic Dust G1.60.249.159.200 G1.60.75.159.200 Cosmic Radiation ...
Cortodoxone D4.808.745.745.654.252 D4.210.500.745.745.654.252 Cosmic Dust G1.60.249.159.200 G1.60.75.159.200 Cosmic Radiation ...
Cortodoxone D4.808.745.745.654.252 D4.210.500.745.745.654.252 Cosmic Dust G1.60.249.159.200 G1.60.75.159.200 Cosmic Radiation ...
Cortodoxone D4.808.745.745.654.252 D4.210.500.745.745.654.252 Cosmic Dust G1.60.249.159.200 G1.60.75.159.200 Cosmic Radiation ...
Cortodoxone [D04.210.500.745.745.654.252] * Desoxycorticosterone [D04.210.500.745.745.654.339] * Flurandrenolone [D04.210. ...
Cortodoxone [D04.210.500.745.745.654.252] Cortodoxone * Desoxycorticosterone [D04.210.500.745.745.654.339] + ...
Cortodoxone [D04.210.500.745.745.654.252] * Desoxycorticosterone [D04.210.500.745.745.654.339] * Flurandrenolone [D04.210. ...
11-Deoxycortisol use Cortodoxone 11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11q Deletion Disorder use ...
11-Deoxycortisol use Cortodoxone 11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11q Deletion Disorder use ...
11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone. 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids. 11q Deletion Disorder use Jacobsen Distal 11q Deletion Syndrome ...
11-Deoxycortisol use Cortodoxone 11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11q Deletion Disorder use ...
11-Deoxycortisol use Cortodoxone 11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11q Deletion Disorder use ...
11-Deoxycortisol use Cortodoxone 11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11q Deletion Disorder use ...
11-Deoxycortisol use Cortodoxone 11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11q Deletion Disorder use ...
11-Deoxycortisol use Cortodoxone 11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11q Deletion Disorder use ...
11-Desoxycortisone use Cortodoxone. 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids. 11q Deletion Disorder use Jacobsen Distal 11q Deletion Syndrome ...
Pharmacokinetics and some pharmacological effects of anaesthesia induced by a combination of detomidine, ketamine and guaiphenesin were investigated in eight ponies. Cardiopulmonary function was studied and plasma met-enkephalin, dynorphin, β-endorphin; arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotrophin, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and catecholamine concentrations were measured. The combination produced slight cardiorespiratory depression, hyperglycaemia and a reduction in haematocrit. There were no changes in plasma opioids, pituitary peptides or catecholamines. Plasma cortisol concentration decreased and plasma 11-deoxycortisol increased indicating a suppression of steroidogenesis. Steady state ketamine and guaiphenesin concentrations were attained during the infusion period, and ketamine concentrations likely to provide adequate analgesia for surgical operations were achieved (more than 2.2 μg ml-1). Steady state detomidine concentration was not attained. The ponies took on average 68 minutes to ...
Cortodoxone (cortexolone, 11-deoxycortisol). *Desoxycortone (deoxycortone, cortexone, 11-deoxycorticosterone) *Desoxycortone ...

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