Coronavirus OC43, Human

Coronavirus Infections

Coronavirus

Coronaviridae

Coronavirus, Bovine

Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

Coronavirus 229E, Human

Nucleocapsid Proteins

SARS Virus

Coronavirus, Feline

Respiratory Tract Infections

Coronavirus, Canine

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Coronaviridae Infections

Murine hepatitis virus

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Infectious bronchitis virus

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New coronavirus has many potential hosts, could pass from animals to humans repeatedly

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Human coronavirus OC43

Indirect immunoperoxidase assay

Human coronavirus 229E

Coronavirus spike protein

Apolipoprotein D

Coronavirus

Bovine coronavirus

History of coronavirus

Atovaquone

Influenza

Betacoronavirus 1

Murine coronavirus

2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak

MERS-related coronavirus

Pandemic

1889-1890 pandemic

ORF3a

Human coronavirus HKU1

Susan Weiss

Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4

COVID-19 pandemic

Investigations into the origin of COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus packaging signal

Canine coronavirus

Human coronavirus NL63

David Tyrrell (physician)

Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9

List of Coronavirus live isolates

SARS-CoV-1

COVID-19 lab leak theory

Reverse zoonosis

List of MeSH codes (B04)

Coronaviridae

Novel coronavirus

RNA virus

Basigin

229E18

• It is unknown to what extent the human coronaviruses (HCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E and NL63 infect healthy children. (nih.gov)
• The majority of healthy children seroconverted for HCoV-OC43 (n=19) and HCoV-NL63 (n=17), less for HCoV-HKU1 (n=9) and HCoV-229E (n=5). (nih.gov)
• Again we observed most infection by HCoV-OC43 (n=85) and HCoV-NL63 (n=60), followed by HCoV-HKU1 (n=47) and HCoV-229E (n=15). (nih.gov)
• HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 infections occur frequently in early childhood, more often than HCoV-HKU1 or HCoV-229E infections. (nih.gov)
• HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 may elicit immunity that protects from subsequent HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-229E infection, respectively, which would explain why HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 are the most frequently infecting HCoVs. (nih.gov)
• Four human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) are associated with a range of respiratory outcomes, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. (ed.ac.uk)
• People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. (cdc.gov)
• First, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (SARS-2-S) reached higher levels in pseudoparticles when produced at 33°C instead of 37°C. Even stronger preference for the upper airway temperature of 33°C was evident for the S protein of HCoV-229E, a common cold coronavirus. (biorxiv.org)
• TMPRSS13 was found to be an effective spike activator for the virulent coronaviruses but not the common cold HCoV-229E virus. (biorxiv.org)
• Four of those types (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) cause only mild or moderate upper-respiratory illness, such as the common cold. (mdanderson.org)
• In the peer-review paper, which was co-authored by Dr. DeGrado and is accessible at the link below, University of Arizona and University of California-San Francisco scientists characterized the antiviral activity of Brilacidin against multiple endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and SARS-CoV-2, in human cell lines. (biospace.com)
• A diagnosis with coronavirus 229E, NL63, OC43, or HKU1 is not the same as a COVID-19 diagnosis. (mmchs.org)
• Influenza and the four human coronaviruses that cause common colds (OC43, 229E, NL63 and HKU1) are, of course, also endemic, but a combination of annual flu vaccines and acquired immunity means that sane societies tolerate the unavoidable seasonal deaths and illnesses they bring without requiring lockdowns, masks, social distancing, indefinite return-to-work delays, etc. (macdailynews.com)
• This was in spite of the presence of different coronaviruses that could infect humans (OC43, HKU1, NL63 and 229E). (thewire.in)
• However, as related viruses like human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human coronavirus 229E remain infective for several hours on contaminated surfaces like countertops and surgical gloves [ 10 , 11 ], there is a potential for indirect transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
• The viruses of 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1 only cause common cold symptoms, which are mild. (ijbs.com)
• Risk factors for healthcare personnel infection with endemic coronaviruses (HKU1, OC43, NL63, 229E): results from the Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT). (cdc.gov)
• Most people are infected with common coronaviruses throughout their lives, but only four of them cause common cold symptoms: alpha coronavirus 229E and NL63 and beta coronavirus OC43, HKU1 (V) 1 . (bvsalud.org)

HKU13

• Notably, HCoV-HKU1 seroconversion was absent after HCoV-OC43 infection. (nih.gov)
• There were additional longer-term differences in detection frequencies between seasons, with HCoV-OC43 predominant in the first and third seasons and HCoV-HKU1 dominating in the second (see Results for definitions of seasons). (ed.ac.uk)
• Two other beta coronaviruses, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, cause only common colds, but are suspected of having caused deadly pandemics centuries ago, when they first jumped from animals to humans. (worldpharmanews.com)

Pandemic17

• Lactoferrin (LF) or lactotransferrin has recently come under the spotlight, particularly with regards to the new coronavirus pandemic that started in 2019 (COVID-19). (frontiersin.org)
• Emerging pandemic coronavirus (CoV) was recognized in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. (nature.com)
• That was a harbinger of what was to come regarding the potential of mutating coronavirus and the effect it could have on the world as we are currently seeing during the current pandemic. (as.com)
• The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. (biomedcentral.com)
• In addition to the neurobiology of COVID-19 and typical deliriogenic factors omnipresent in the ICU, this pandemic has created circumstances of extreme isolation and distancing from human contact whenever possible, including loved ones, plus the inability to freely ambulate, which essentially create a "delirium factory" that must be explicitly addressed to maximize human dignity and respect during care. (biomedcentral.com)
• There are many variations of coronaviruses (listed below) so, not to confuse anyone on what it is we are talking about, we use COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, which is the pandemic we are dealing with globally. (tampafp.com)
• The 2020 award ceremony was delayed one year due to the coronavirus pandemic. (biospace.com)
• claims from senior Trump administration officials that it was linked with the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. (forbes.com)
• Sørensen and Dalgleish's work contradicts the international scientific consensus that although the coronavirus pandemic originated in Wuhan, there is no evidence that it had been artificially engineered. (forbes.com)
• The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also known as 2019-nCoV or novel coronavirus 2019, is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, which started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread from there across the world. (hielscher.com)
• Ken Carew (Letters, 16 December) claimed that the common cold first appeared in 1889, but he evidently mistook Dr Chris Smith (The Naked Scientist), who spoke about it.In fact there are hundreds of common cold viruses, but a new one (OC43) probably emerged about 1890, when a pandemic swept the globe. (scotsman.com)
• The coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic is thought to have originated in bats. (thewire.in)
• But in spite of all that we know today about coronaviruses, some questions are still hard to answer, such as what course the current pandemic will take and if there will be future outbreaks of the same virus. (thewire.in)
• By January 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has spread internationally to a pandemic that mainly targets the respiratory system. (bvsalud.org)
• At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus started as an emerging pathogen for humans and resulted in a pandemic. (medscape.com)
• Laboratory capacity is needed in central Viet Nam to provide early warning to public health authorities of respiratory outbreaks of importance to human health, for example the outbreak of influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in 2009. (who.int)
• In the United States, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally affected Black, Latinx, and Indigenous populations, immigrants, and economically disadvantaged individuals. (bvsalud.org)

Viruses36

• Generally, coronaviruses displayed marked winter seasonality between the months of December and April and were not detected in summer months, which is comparable to the pattern seen with influenza viruses. (ed.ac.uk)
• A total of 11 to 41% of coronaviruses detected were in samples testing positive for other respiratory viruses, although clinical presentations of coronavirus monoinfections were comparable to those of viruses which have an established role in respiratory disease, such as respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses. (ed.ac.uk)
• This is of particular importance to coronaviruses, as these viruses are considered to bind to the host cell by attaching first to HSPGs using them as preliminary docking sites on the host cell surface. (frontiersin.org)
• Coronaviruses are positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses causing a broad spectrum of diseases in domestic and wild animals including poultry and rodents. (scialert.net)
• Coronaviruses are ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, domestic and wild animals, poultry and rodents. (scialert.net)
• Some of the animal viruses like Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Bovine coronavirus (BCV), Avian infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) are of high veterinary significance. (scialert.net)
• Coronaviruses, positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses with helical nucleocapsids, are the members of the Coronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family, order Nidovirales. (scialert.net)
• Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and are the most prevalent respiratory viruses of humans," notes the study abstract . (theepochtimes.com)
• That makes the novel coronavirus already one of the most contagious viruses ever, on par with chicken pox, but not quite as contagious as the measles. (opb.org)
• Interestingly, this ability to cause repeat infections relatively frequently is a trait SARS-CoV-2 appears to share with other important coronaviruses: the four viruses that cause the common cold. (opb.org)
• Human coronaviruses are a family of viruses that are found throughout the world. (mdanderson.org)
• We primarily study influenza viruses, coronaviruses and a cancer-causing herpesvirus known as KSHV. (dal.ca)
• Viruses evolve and weaken over time - what does that mean for the coronavirus? (nprillinois.org)
• Humans have never been particularly good at eradicating entire viruses, and COVID-19 might not be any different. (ketr.org)
• Really the lone exception is smallpox, but many of these viruses exist not only in the human population but in animal populations. (ketr.org)
• So coronaviruses may be removed from the human population, like SARS coronavirus in 2002, but we know that those viruses or viruses that are similar to it still exist in nature and at any time they may gain the tools to reemerge in humans again. (ketr.org)
• Coronavirus is a family of viruses that typically causes the common cold and upper respiratory symptoms. (epmonthly.com)
• Dr Tyrrell's team realised a few other viruses had the same pattern on their surfaces, and decided to call them coronaviruses. (thewire.in)
• Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that use RNA as their genetic material, instead of DNA, the genetic material of nearly all organisms on Earth. (thewire.in)
• And of all RNA viruses, coronaviruses have some of the largest genomes . (thewire.in)
• Different coronaviruses use different receptors, but the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses both use the same protein, called angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (thewire.in)
• Any cell that makes the ACE2 protein - including all cells of the human respiratory tract - can be infected by both the viruses. (thewire.in)
• Typically, respiratory pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), common cold coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory adenoviruses increase in the fall and remain high throughout winter, following the same basic patterns as influenza . (the-hospitalist.org)
• Later that decade, researchers found a group of similar human and animal viruses and named them after their crown-like appearance. (scienceoxygen.com)
• Coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). (scienceoxygen.com)
• Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses. (scienceoxygen.com)
• Together with Asahi Lifecare, a subsidiary under Singapore Asahi & Solder Industries Pte Ltd, this anti-microbial coating technology was taken from laboratory-scale to production scale, where it was validated to be effective against viruses including Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), a common cause of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, as well as Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV) and Human Coronavirus Virus (OC43), both of which are SARS-Cov-2 surrogates. (a-star.edu.sg)
• Although neutralizing tests weren't available for all other beta-coronaviruses, they found that the antibody at least bound to most of these viruses. (worldpharmanews.com)
• They showed that the same site is found on most other beta coronaviruses - which helps explain the antibody's broad effect on these viruses. (worldpharmanews.com)
• Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the family Coronaviridae, the enveloped viruses that possess extraordinarily large single-stranded RNA genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases in length [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
• AQUICHAN - ISSN 1657-5997 - eISSN 2027-5374 chronic non-communicable diseases with respiratory infection by viruses of the coronavirus family, from 2010 to 2020. (bvsalud.org)
• 2-7 Although SARS has not re-appeared, sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses continue to occur. (who.int)
• Coronaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses with 3' polyadenylated genomes and subgenomic transcripts. (bvsalud.org)
• The SARS-related coronavirus was one of several viruses identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 as a likely cause of a future epidemic in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development before and during an epidemic towards diagnostic tests , vaccines and medicines . (wikizero.com)
• Coronaviruses (CoV) make up a large family of viruses, known since the mid-1960s, which received this name due to the spikes on its surface, which resemble a crown (from the Latin corona). (bvsalud.org)
• Coronavirus is a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections, being SARS-CoV2 the seventh coronavirus in this family. (bvsalud.org)

20208

• During 2020, there has been a renewed interest in this receptor, due to the interactions of novel coronaviruses and their interactions with ACE2 ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
• A study published in the Jan. 10, 2020, issue of the journal Vaccine found people were more likely to get some form of coronavirus infection if they had been vaccinated against influenza. (theepochtimes.com)
• While this would make SARS-CoV-2 the least deadly of the 3 most pathogenic human coronaviruses, its relative virulence has shown an ability to overwhelm even relatively advanced health infrastructures, as noted by a current case fatality rate in Italy of 8.37% as of March 18, 2020. (ebmedicine.net)
• 2020) Defective influenza A virus RNA products mediate MAVS-dependent upregulation of human leukocyte antigen class I proteins. (dal.ca)
• In Kenya SARS-CoV-2 was first detected on March 12th 2020 from imported human cases of persons who had travelled from the United States. (preprints.org)
• On 23 Feb 2020, the lock-down of Wuhan, a central city in China, has alarmed people all over the world of an emerging novel coronavirus that is posing a major public health and governance challenges. (ijbs.com)
• Literature, National Library of Medicine e Scopus, del 15 al 30 de marzo del 2020, en portugués, inglés y español, con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo en adultos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles con infección respiratoria por virus de la familia del coronavírus, del 2010 al 2020. (bvsalud.org)
• CoV infections can cause everything from a common cold to severe respiratory syndromes, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV).COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) is a new variant of the coronavirus, and its isolation occurred in China on January 7th, 2020. (bvsalud.org)

SARS62

• Of importance are Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) and the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as based on other activities lactoferrin might prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from attaching to the host cells. (frontiersin.org)
• LF is known to interfere with some of the receptors used by coronaviruses, it may thus contribute usefully to the prevention and treatment of SARS CoV-2 infections. (frontiersin.org)
• We show that human rhinovirus triggers an interferon response that blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication. (theepochtimes.com)
• In a recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation , researchers determined the T cell response to NVX-CoV2373, an adjuvanted recombinant full-length severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) trimer protein vaccine. (news-medical.net)
• T cells capable of recognizing SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in uninfected individuals are cross-reactive memory T cells generated in response to infections with commonly circulating human coronaviruses (HCoVs) (e.g. (news-medical.net)
• However, based on the scientific knowledge for pre-existing coronaviruses, it was expected that the SARS-CoV-2 RNA will be detected from symptomatic and at significant rates also from asymptomatic individuals due to persistence of non-infectious RNA. (nature.com)
• SARS-CoV is the most aggressive version of coronaviruses and in 2003, it killed 800 people. (as.com)
• The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is related to abundant replication in the upper airways, which is not observed for the other highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. (biorxiv.org)
• SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, is related to abundant replication in the upper airways, which is not observed for other highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. (biorxiv.org)
• Cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. (cdc.gov)
• However, the novel coronavirus causing SARS appears not to be confined to the lungs, as suggested by observation of diarrhea ( 2 ), impaired liver function tests, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
• We report a case of possible involvement of the central nervous system by the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (cdc.gov)
• In a study described March 18 in the Nature journal Communications Biology , the scientists showed that sulforaphane, a plant-derived chemical, known as a phytochemical, already found to have anti-cancer effects, can inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and another human coronavirus in cells and mice. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• In one experiment, the research team first exposed cells to sulforaphane for one to two hours before infecting the cells with SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold coronavirus, HCoV-OC43. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• They found that low micromolar (µM) concentrations of sulforaphane (2.4-31 µM) reduced the replication by 50% of six strains of SARS-CoV-2, including the delta and omicron variants, as well as that of the HCoV-OC43 coronavirus. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• In their findings, remdesivir inhibited 50% of the replication of HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 at 22 µM and 4 µM, respectively. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Further, the research team reports that sulforaphane and remdesivir interacted synergistically at several combination ratios to reduce by 50% the viral burden in cells infected with HCoV-OC43 or SARS-CoV-2. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• New claims that the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was engineered have been dismissed by scientific and intelligence experts. (forbes.com)
• In their paper, the Norwegian scientist Birger Sørensen and British oncologist Angus Dalgleish claim to have identified "inserted sections placed on the SARS-CoV-2 spike surface" that explains how the virus interacts with cells in the human body. (forbes.com)
• Sørensen told Norwegian broadcaster NRK that the virus has properties that differ greatly from SARS, another coronavirus, and have never been detected in nature. (forbes.com)
• During the fight against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ultrasonicators are used for various applications in research, bio-science and pharma. (hielscher.com)
• The main route of human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is by having close contact to infected persons: Respiratory droplets generated by sneezing and coughing of an infected person are inhaled by others, so that they get subsequently infected. (hielscher.com)
• Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 attach to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which are mainly found in the lungs (and to a smaller degree in the heart, intestines, arteries, and kidney). (hielscher.com)
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a range of symptoms in infected individuals, from mild respiratory illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome. (stanford.edu)
• A systematic understanding of host factors influencing viral infection is critical to elucidate SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and the progression of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (stanford.edu)
• Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knockout and activation screens in human lung epithelial cells with endogenous expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2. (stanford.edu)
• But all of this changed when the coronaviruses that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) emerged in 2002 and 2012, respectively. (thewire.in)
• The coronavirus responsible for the SARS outbreak is called SARS-CoV. (thewire.in)
• This virus, previously called the 2019 novel coronavirus, has since been renamed SARS-CoV-2. (thewire.in)
• However, recent studies have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds more strongly to the human ACE2 protein than the SARS-CoV spike protein. (thewire.in)
• In California, molecular testing was useful in decreasing suspicion for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), by detecting common respiratory pathogens (influenza A/B, human metapneumovirus, picornavirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Chlamydia spp. (cdc.gov)
• SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. (cdc.gov)
• The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is similar to the one that caused the 2003 SARS outbreak. (scienceoxygen.com)
• Since the 2019 coronavirus is related to the original coronavirus that caused SARS and can also cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, there is "SARS" in its name: SARS-CoV-2. (scienceoxygen.com)
• These coronaviruses range from the common cold to more severe diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19. (scienceoxygen.com)
• The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread since December 2019, resulting in massive health and economic crisis worldwide. (preprints.org)
• In addition to humans, serological and molecular based studies have demonstrated SARS CoV-2 exposure in several wild, domestic and farmed animals. (preprints.org)
• The COVID-causing virus SARS-CoV-2 harbors a vulnerable site at the base of its spike protein that is found also on closely related coronaviruses, according to a new study from Scripps Research. (worldpharmanews.com)
• The scientists had previously isolated an antibody from a COVID-19 survivor that can neutralize not only SARS-CoV-2 but also several other members of the family of coronaviruses known as beta-coronaviruses. (worldpharmanews.com)
• They showed that the same epitope exists on other beta coronaviruses, and demonstrated with animal models that the antibody is protective against the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (worldpharmanews.com)
• A human antibody reveals a conserved site on beta-coronavirus spike proteins and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. (worldpharmanews.com)
• An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported recently. (ijbs.com)
• The novel virus, previously called the 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). (ijbs.com)
• CoVs have been identified in both avian hosts and various mammals, including bat, camels, dogs and masked palm civets, and are previously regarded as pathogens that only cause mild diseases in the immunocompetent people until the emergence of the coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) in late of 2002 [ 3 - 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
• The genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (WH-Human_1) was first released and shared by China on 10 Jan [ 12 ]. (ijbs.com)
• Introduction: A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin was first reported in Wuhan China then the causative pathogen was identified and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) and the associated disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (bvsalud.org)
• SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a positive-stranded RNA virus, similar to other coronaviruses. (medscape.com)
• The virus showed 85% shared identity with the bat SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV), raising the possibility of animal-to-human transmission. (medscape.com)
• Sarah Gregory] Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, coronaviruses obviously are getting a lot more attention these days. (cdc.gov)
• Melisa Shah] SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, has placed a lot more attention on the common human coronaviruses. (cdc.gov)
• There are other types of human coronaviruses, including the Middle East respiratory syndrome (or MERS) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (or SARS), and of course COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
• All four common human coronaviruses, like you say, generally cause less severe disease than the types of coronaviruses that cause MERS, SARS, and COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
• In Viet Nam, human infections with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus have occurred since 2003 1 and cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in 2004. (who.int)
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ( SARSr-CoV or SARS-CoV ) [note 1] is a species of virus consisting of many known strains phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) that have been shown to possess the capability to infect humans , bats , and certain other mammals . (wikizero.com)
• Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), which caused the 2002-2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 . (wikizero.com)
• SARS-related coronavirus is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus (group 2) and monotypic of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (subgroup B). [12] Sarbecoviruses, unlike embecoviruses or alphacoronaviruses , have only one papain-like proteinase ( PLpro ) instead of two in the open reading frame ORF1ab . (wikizero.com)
• Bats serve as the main host reservoir species for the SARS-related coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. (wikizero.com)
• [16] Only recently have strains of SARS-related coronavirus been observed to have evolved into having been able to make the cross-species jump from bats to humans, as in the case of the strains SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 . (wikizero.com)
• The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus . (wikizero.com)
• Compared to adults, children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have predominantly mild or asymptomatic infections, but the underlying immunological differences remain unclear. (nature.com)
• Underlying health conditions prior to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can contribute to a high risk for long COVID. (medscape.com)
• Thus, we aim to describe key topics of COVID-19: The new Coronavirus(SARS-CoV2) and its advances in the world population. (bvsalud.org)

Bovine coronavirus6

• Recent Emergence of Bovine Coronavirus Variants with Mutations in the" by Aspen M. Workman, Tara G. McDaneld et al. (unl.edu)
• Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has spilled over to many species, including humans, where the host range variant coronavirus OC43 is endemic. (unl.edu)
• This originated as a bovine coronavirus, jumping the species barrier into humans.Dr Smith surmises that Omicron could turn out to be like OC43, mild in nature although endemic. (scotsman.com)
• In order to prevent spread of the endemic pathogens bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) between herds, knowledge of indirect transmission by personnel and fomites is fundamental. (biomedcentral.com)
• Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) are contagious pathogens detrimentally affecting production and animal welfare in the cattle industry. (biomedcentral.com)
• Evolutionary history of the closely related group 2 coronaviruses: porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, bovine coronavirus, and human coronavirus OC43. (cdc.gov)

Beta coronavirus1

• By contrast, the receptor binding site at the top of the viral spike protein mutates relatively rapidly and thus tends to vary greatly from one beta-coronavirus to the next - making it a poor target for broad beta-coronavirus vaccines or antibody therapies. (worldpharmanews.com)

Disease20

• The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
• The following presentation contains content made by external presenters and not by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health and Human Services. (cdc.gov)
• They infect and produce disease in multiple species of animals, human beings (group 1 and 2) and birds (group 3). (scialert.net)
• The present review highlights the salient features of the Coronavirus in general with special reference to ECV and the disease it causes in equines, its epidemiology, diagnosis and appropriate prevention and control measures to be adopted. (scialert.net)
• Since these cross-reactive memory clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells might impact response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, the researchers measured CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine. (news-medical.net)
• Here are seven things cancer patients should know about coronaviruses, including the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that was first detected in Hubei province, China. (mdanderson.org)
• According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most people will get infected with one of these common types of coronavirus in their lifetime. (mdanderson.org)
• Rest assured, it is not the same type of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, that is spreading around the world. (mdanderson.org)
• The virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is not the same as the coronaviruses that commonly circulate among humans and cause mild illness, like the common cold. (mmchs.org)
• One, like the common cold coronaviruses, it spreads very easily, but unlike those, this causes this severe disease. (ketr.org)
• It's been historically reported that there was an outbreak associated with the transition of this virus from cows to humans that was very severe disease, and then after a few years, the virus became just the common cold. (ketr.org)
• Mumps virus (MuV) causes a highly contagious human disease characterized by the enlargement of the parotid glands. (stanford.edu)
• What is the origin of the coronavirus disease? (scienceoxygen.com)
• Where was the first case of the coronavirus disease observed? (scienceoxygen.com)
• When was the coronavirus disease first reported in Europe? (scienceoxygen.com)
• Please see Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for continuously updated clinical guidance concerning COVID-19 and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Investigational Drugs and Other Therapies for updated drug information. (medscape.com)
• More severe disease is generally seen in infants and older adults, and one of the alpha coronaviruses (NL63) has been associated with croup in children. (cdc.gov)
• Persons at higher risk for disease progression and hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) benefit most from available therapies. (bvsalud.org)
• All human beings are susceptible to host this virus, however, those with comorbidities, chronic diseases and older than 60 years are more easily affected by the severity of the disease COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
• Over 100 species comprise the genus Flavivirus, which includes other notable human pathogens, such as dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Kyasanur Forest disease virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. (cusabio.com)

Severe1

• Direct acting antivirals and monoclonal antibodies reduce morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. (bvsalud.org)

Species9

• In rare instances, a coronavirus that originates in animals may evolve or "jump species" to infect humans. (mdanderson.org)
• Scientists suspect it jumped the species barrier twice - from bats to civet cats, and then from civet cats to humans. (thewire.in)
• However, scientists don't yet know if the cross-species jump happened directly from bats to humans or if there was an intermediate mammal. (thewire.in)
• The presence of the virus in animal species and an understanding of whether these are natural or recent human to animal transmissions is important. (preprints.org)
• Currently, at least seven coronavirus species are known to cause diseases in humans. (ijbs.com)
• A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in humans. (bvsalud.org)
• This article is about a species of coronavirus comprising multiple strains. (wikizero.com)
• [17] [4] Both of these strains descended from a single ancestor but made the cross-species jump into humans separately. (wikizero.com)
• It is a potential deadly mosquito-borne flavivirus, which can be transmitted to humans through the bites of certain Aedes or Haemagogus species of mosquitoes. (cusabio.com)

Endemic coronaviruses1

• Well, people have gone back now, and there's sort of two lines of evidence that suggest it's possible that that was actually the origin of one of the four endemic coronaviruses. (nprillinois.org)

Similar to other coronaviruses1

• [20] SARSr-CoV is similar to other coronaviruses in that its genome expression starts with translation by the host cell's ribosomes of its initial two large overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), 1a and 1b, both of which produce polyproteins . (wikizero.com)

Different types of coronaviruses2

• Are there different types of coronaviruses other than COVID-19? (scienceoxygen.com)
• Sarah Gregory] What are the different types of coronaviruses? (cdc.gov)

Viral9

• Coronaviruses earn their name from the characteristic crown-like viral particles (virions) that dot their surface. (ebmedicine.net)
• For the seasonal coronaviruses, the interpretation of gene positivity in clinical specimens has been challenging since the viral RNA is detected at similar rates and qRT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. (nature.com)
• Brilacidin was shown to exert a dual-acting antiviral mechanism of action, able to target coronaviruses directly and bind to host cell surfaces to prevent viral entry. (biospace.com)
• The complementary viral protein of coronaviruses is called the spike protein, visible as the pillar-like projections on the virus's surface. (thewire.in)
• The aims of the study were to determine the duration of viral RNA carriage and the infectivity of viral particles on fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to BCoV and BRSV. (biomedcentral.com)
• The site is on the stem of the viral spike protein and is part of the 'machinery' the virus uses to fuse with cell membranes in its human or animal hosts after the virus has initially bound to a cell-surface receptor," says study co-senior author Dennis Burton, PhD, Chair of the Department of Immunology and Microbiology at Scripps Research. (worldpharmanews.com)
• Fusion allows the viral genetic material to enter and take over host cells, and the crucial role of this machinery explains why the site is consistently present across beta-coronaviruses. (worldpharmanews.com)
• The first section of this review describes types of viral fusion proteins and is followed by a comparison of the structural features of class I fusion proteins, namely influenza virus hemagglutinin and the S-protein of the human coronavirus. (bvsalud.org)
• Chinese researchers isolated the virus and three days later shared data from the viral genome internationally, calling it a new Coronavirus 2 . (bvsalud.org)

Abstract1

• ABSTRACT A literature review of publically available information was undertaken to summarize current understanding and gaps in knowledge about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including its origin, transmission, effective control measures and management. (who.int)

Identified in the mid-1960s1

• Human coronaviruses were first identified in the mid-1960s. (cdc.gov)

Pathogens1

• The World Health Organization has since released guidance to those working in and visiting such markets, to reduce animal-human transmission of emerging pathogens. (forbes.com)

Genome1

• The Coronavirus genome RNA molecule is 26 to 32 kb in size. (scialert.net)

Type of coronavirus1

• a new type of coronavirus was isolated by Chinese authority [ 10 ]. (ijbs.com)

Influenza2

• In the late 20th century and after, coronaviruses have been of relatively little interest to the scientific community because scientists were paying more attention to influenza and HIV. (thewire.in)
• Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands. (cdc.gov)

Spike7

• Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein(S) ,partial is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery. (proteomecommons.org)
• CusabioDescription: Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Spike glycoprotein(S) expressed in Mammalian cell. (proteomecommons.org)
• CusabioDescription: Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Spike glycoprotein(S) expressed in Yeast. (proteomecommons.org)
• We here reveal features of the coronavirus spike (S) protein, which optimize the virus towards different parts of the respiratory tract. (biorxiv.org)
• Collectively, our findings indicate how the coronavirus spike protein is fine-tuned towards the temperature and protease conditions of the airways, to enhance virus transmission and pathology. (biorxiv.org)
• The coronaviruses are named so because they are distinguished by the high density of spike proteins. (thewire.in)
• Additionally, the new virus's spike also has a target site for another human protein called furin, which is made in nearly all cells of the body. (thewire.in)

Virology2

• WAKEFIELD, MA / ACCESSWIRE / March 15, 2022 / Innovation Pharmaceuticals (OTCQB:IPIX) ("the Company"), a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced publication of a peer-review scientific article in the Journal of Medical Virology on the anti-coronavirus properties of Brilacidin. (biospace.com)
• Since the coronavirus took hold in the United States, senior officials in the Trump administration have amplified rumors that the virus emerged from a virology lab in Wuhan. (forbes.com)

Anti-coronavirus2

• I was screening multiple compounds for anti-coronavirus activity and decided to try sulforaphane since it has shown modest activity against other microbial agents that we study. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Collectively, these data support Brilacidin's translational potential to be developed as a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus agent. (biospace.com)

Seasonal coronaviruses1

• They are sometimes referred to as the common cold or endemic or seasonal coronaviruses. (cdc.gov)

Common cold7

• The first cultured human coronavirus (B814) was obtained from a boy with a typical common cold in 1965 and research and studies from that point on continued to find the virus mutating and appearing in different forms with various, but often similar, symptoms such as nasal congestion, fever and coughing. (as.com)
• What we know about the common cold coronaviruses is that the immunity to those don't actually stay that long. (ketr.org)
• Similar to how you could get the common cold coronavirus every few years. (ketr.org)
• And then the expectation I have is that this virus will actually become the next common cold coronavirus. (ketr.org)
• What we don't know with these common cold coronaviruses is if they went through a similar transition period. (ketr.org)
• So, say something like OC43, which is a common cold coronavirus that was originally from cows. (ketr.org)
• In general, coronaviruses are named for their crown-like spikes on their surface, and the common human coronaviruses cause mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness (like the common cold). (cdc.gov)

Recombinant Human2

• The use of recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) as ACE receptor competitor for binding has also been investigated ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Recombinant human coronavirus OC43 nucleoprotein with an N-terminal histidine tag. (medixbiochemica.com)

Omicron2

• LAVINE: Omicron is really way, way better at transmitting in this current human population than, for example, delta was in the population that it was transmitting in - not knocking delta here, but I'm just saying omicron is fantastic at transmitting in this population. (nprillinois.org)
• Moderna, Pfizer begin omicron booster roll out The shots - also known as bivalent vaccines -are designed to target both the original coronavirus strain and the currently circulating omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5. (scienceoxygen.com)

Seasonality2

• We'll be discussing the seasonality of common human coronaviruses in the United States. (cdc.gov)
• Sarah Gregory] You focused (in your article) on the seasonality of common human coronaviruses in the US from 2014 to 2021. (cdc.gov)

Camels2

• The MERS virus was found to have jumped from camels to humans. (thewire.in)
• Some coronaviruses cause cold-like illnesses in people, while others cause illness in certain types of animals, such as cattle, camels, and bats. (scienceoxygen.com)

Immunology1

• We're hopeful that the identification of this epitope will help us develop vaccines and antibody therapies that work against all beta-coronaviruses, including coronaviruses that may jump from animals to humans in the future," says study co-senior author Raiees Andrabi, PhD, an institute investigator in the Department of Immunology and Microbiology at Scripps Research. (worldpharmanews.com)

MERS1

• RÉSUMÉ Une analyse documentaire des informations publiques disponibles a été entreprise afin de passer en revue les connaissances et les lacunes actuelles sur le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV), notamment sur son origine, la transmission, les mesures de lutte efficaces et la prise en charge. (who.int)

Virus9

• The novel multiplex assay for real-time pan-coronavirus detection enhances respiratory virus diagnosis, overcomes potential diagnostic problems arising through seasonal variation in coronavirus frequency, and provides novel insights into the epidemiology and clinical implications of coronaviruses. (ed.ac.uk)
• Humans are infected by 4 to 5 different strains of the virus that are currently known. (scialert.net)
• Coronavirus first emerged in the mid-1960s and there are seven different versions of the virus broken into four groups: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. (as.com)
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected only among children under 5 years old in August and September while coronavirus was present in all age groups, during the months of October and December. (biomedcentral.com)
• The report's authors also claim the lack of mutation in the virus since its discovery, suggests it was already fully adapted to humans. (forbes.com)
• It's too soon to say how the coronavirus, which is the virus that causes COVID-19, will evolve over time. (nprillinois.org)
• One hurdle in developing a new mumps vaccine against circulating genotype G virus is whether the new genotype G vaccine can generate immunity in humans that are immunized against genotype A virus. (stanford.edu)
• The results indicate that human nasal mucosa can carry both BCoV and BRSV RNA after exposure to virus shedding calves, but the carriage seems short-lived and the transmission potential is likely limited. (biomedcentral.com)
• Human nasal mucosa might also be a vector for inter-herd virus transmission, as traffic of personnel between herds is common. (biomedcentral.com)

Variants1

• The analysis in the European Journal of Human Genetics finds few rare variants and limited geographic structure among Faroese individuals. (genomeweb.com)

Antigens1

• Demonstration of Coronavirus antigens in clinical samples is test of choice for diagnosis. (scialert.net)

Infect people2

• What are the known coronaviruses that can infect people? (scienceoxygen.com)
• Some coronaviruses, such as canine and feline coronaviruses, infect only animals and do not infect people. (scienceoxygen.com)

Outbreak1

• Such laboratory capacity would provide early warning to Vietnamese public health authorities of an outbreak of infection of importance to human health, knowledge of which could be passed on to other countries in the region, including Australia. (who.int)

Transmission2

• This validates ongoing human-to-human transmission, likely occurring via respiratory droplets. (medscape.com)
• The transmission of the coronavirus occurs between humans, and it can occur from person to person through the air, through coughing or sneezing, by touching or shaking hands or by contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, followed by contact with the mouth, nose or eyes. (bvsalud.org)

Bats1

• As you know, coronaviruses are also found in birds and mammals, with bats being hosts to many types. (cdc.gov)

Enteric1

• Enteric coronaviruses in primates. (semanticscholar.org)