Coronavirus
Coronavirus Infections
Coronavirus 229E, Human
Coronavirus, Bovine
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
A class I viral fusion protein that forms the characteristic spikes, or peplomers, found on the viral surface that mediate virus attachment, fusion, and entry into the host cell. During virus maturation, it is cleaved into two subunits: S1, which binds to receptors in the host cell, and S2, which mediates membrane fusion.
SARS Virus
Coronavirus OC43, Human
Coronavirus, Feline
A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting cats of all ages and commonly found in catteries and zoos. Cats are often found carrying the virus but only a small proportion develop disease. Feline coronavirus and Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) are virtually the same virus in genetic and antigenetic terms, and are morphologically indistinguishable. Since they only differ in their disease potential (with FIPV causing a more serious illness), they are considered biotypes of each other.
Coronaviridae
Coronavirus, Canine
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Murine hepatitis virus
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Infectious bronchitis virus
Coronavirus NL63, Human
Nucleocapsid Proteins
Coronavirus, Rat
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus
Viral Envelope Proteins
Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Common coronavirus infection of cats caused by the feline infectious peritonitis virus (CORONAVIRUS, FELINE). The disease is characterized by a long incubation period, fever, depression, loss of appetite, wasting, and progressive abdominal enlargement. Infection of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage appears to be essential in FIP pathogenesis.
Vero Cells
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine
Cercopithecus aethiops
Virus Replication
Receptors, Virus
Viverridae
Amino Acid Sequence
RNA Replicase
Respiratory Tract Infections
Base Sequence
Enteritis, Transmissible, of Turkeys
Viral Matrix Proteins
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Antigens, CD13
Nucleocapsid
Viral Vaccines
Open Reading Frames
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Middle East
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Defective Viruses
Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.
Cysteine Endopeptidases
Virus Internalization
Chiroptera
Dysentery
Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.
Virus Assembly
Virion
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases
Polyproteins
Nidovirales
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
A peptidyl-dipeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal dipeptide, -Xaa-*-Xbb-Xcc, when neither Xaa nor Xbb is Pro. It is a Cl(-)-dependent, zinc glycoprotein that is generally membrane-bound and active at neutral pH. It may also have endopeptidase activity on some substrates. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.15.1.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Virus Attachment
Cat Diseases
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Viral Structural Proteins
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Cattle Diseases
Cattle
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Camels
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Nandiniidae
Encephalomyelitis
Feces
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Common Cold
Recombination, Genetic
Arterivirus
Viral Plaque Assay
Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.
Papain
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Viral Fusion Proteins
Cell Fusion
Helper Viruses
Hong Kong
The former British crown colony located off the southeast coast of China, comprised of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and New Territories. The three sites were ceded to the British by the Chinese respectively in 1841, 1860, and 1898. Hong Kong reverted to China in July 1997. The name represents the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese xianggang, fragrant port, from xiang, perfume and gang, port or harbor, with reference to its currents sweetened by fresh water from a river west of it.
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Demyelinating Diseases
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
DNA Primers
Zoonoses
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Dog Diseases
Cricetinae
Mutation
Protein Binding
Glycoproteins
Virulence
Binding Sites
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Frameshifting, Ribosomal
A directed change in translational READING FRAMES that allows the production of a single protein from two or more OVERLAPPING GENES. The process is programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the MRNA and is sometimes also affected by the secondary or tertiary mRNA structure. It has been described mainly in VIRUSES (especially RETROVIRUSES); RETROTRANSPOSONS; and bacterial insertion elements but also in some cellular genes.
Disease Outbreaks
Models, Molecular
Cloning, Molecular
Disease Reservoirs
Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.
Lung
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
Membrane Fusion
Genes, pol
Transcription, Genetic
Cinanserin
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Crystallography, X-Ray
Beluga Whale
Amino Acid Substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.
Acetylesterase
Torovirus
A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE characterized by enveloped, peplomer-bearing particles containing an elongated tubular nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. Toroviruses have been found in association with enteric infections in horses (Berne virus), cattle (Breda virus), swine, and humans. Transmission probably takes place via the fecal-oral route.
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Encephalitis, Viral
Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
5' Untranslated Regions
Persistent infection of human oligodendrocytic and neuroglial cell lines by human coronavirus 229E. (1/83)
Human coronaviruses (HuCV) cause common colds. Previous reports suggest that these infectious agents may be neurotropic in humans, as they are for some mammals. With the long-term aim of providing experimental evidence for the neurotropism of HuCV and the establishment of persistent infections in the nervous system, we have evaluated the susceptibility of various human neural cell lines to acute and persistent infection by HuCV-229E. Viral antigen, infectious virus progeny and viral RNA were monitored during both acute and persistent infections. The astrocytoma cell lines U-87 MG, U-373 MG, and GL-15, as well as neuroblastoma SK-N-SH, neuroglioma H4, and oligodendrocytic MO3.13 cell lines, were all susceptible to an acute infection by HuCV-229E. The CHME-5 immortalized fetal microglial cell line was not susceptible to infection by this virus. The MO3.13 and H4 cell lines also sustained a persistent viral infection, as monitored by detection of viral antigen and infectious virus progeny. Sequencing of the S1 gene from viral RNA after approximately 130 days of infection showed two point mutations, suggesting amino acid changes during persistent infection of MO3.13 cells but none for H4 cells. Thus, persistent in vitro infection did not generate important changes in the S1 portion of the viral spike protein, which was shown for murine coronaviruses to bear hypervariable domains and to interact with cellular receptor. These results are consistent with the potential persistence of HuCV-229E in cells of the human nervous system, such as oligodendrocytes and possibly neurons, and the virus's apparent genomic stability. (+info)A human RNA viral cysteine proteinase that depends upon a unique Zn2+-binding finger connecting the two domains of a papain-like fold . (2/83)
A cysteine proteinase, papain-like proteinase (PL1pro), of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV) regulates the expression of the replicase polyproteins, pp1a and ppa1ab, by cleavage between Gly111 and Asn112, far upstream of its own catalytic residue Cys1054. In this report, using bioinformatics tools, we predict that, unlike its distant cellular homologues, HCoV PL1pro and its coronaviral relatives have a poorly conserved Zn2+ finger connecting the left and right hand domains of a papain-like fold. Optical emission spectrometry has been used to confirm the presence of Zn2+ in a purified and proteolytically active form of the HCoV PL1pro fused with the Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein. In denaturation/renaturation experiments using the recombinant protein, its activity was shown to be strongly dependent upon Zn2+, which could be partly substituted by Co2+ during renaturation. The reconstituted, Zn2+-containing PL1pro was not sensitive to 1,10-phenanthroline, and the Zn2+-depleted protein was not reactivated by adding Zn2+ after renaturation. Consistent with the proposed essential structural role of Zn2+, PL1pro was selectively inactivated by mutations in the Zn2+ finger, including replacements of any of four conserved Cys residues predicted to co-ordinate Zn2+. The unique domain organization of HCoV PL1pro provides a potential framework for regulatory processes and may be indicative of a nonproteolytic activity of this enzyme. (+info)The human coronavirus 229E superfamily 1 helicase has RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5'-to-3' polarity. (3/83)
The human coronavirus 229E replicase gene encodes a protein, p66HEL, that contains a putative zinc finger structure linked to a putative superfamily (SF) 1 helicase. A histidine-tagged form of this protein, HEL, was expressed using baculovirus vectors in insect cells. The purified recombinant protein had in vitro ATPase activity that was strongly stimulated by poly(U), poly(dT), poly(C), and poly(dA), but not by poly(G). The recombinant protein also had both RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5'-to-3' polarity. The DNA helicase activity of the enzyme preferentially unwound 5'-oligopyrimidine-tailed, partial-duplex substrates and required a tail length of at least 10 nucleotides for effective unwinding. The combined data suggest that the coronaviral SF1 helicase functionally differs from the previously characterized RNA virus SF2 helicases. (+info)Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. (4/83)
Human coronaviruses (HCoV) cause common colds but can also infect neural cell cultures. To provide definitive experimental evidence for the neurotropism and neuroinvasion of HCoV and its possible association with multiple sclerosis (MS), we have performed an extensive search and characterization of HCoV RNA in a large panel of human brain autopsy samples. Very stringent reverse transcription-PCR with two primer pairs for both viral strains (229E and OC43), combined with Southern hybridization, was performed on samples from 90 coded donors with various neurological diseases (39 with MS and 26 with other neurological diseases) or normal controls (25 patients). We report that 44% (40 of 90) of donors were positive for 229E and that 23% (21 of 90) were positive for OC43. A statistically significant higher prevalence of OC43 in MS patients (35.9%; 14 of 39) than in controls (13.7%; 7 of 51) was observed. Sequencing of nucleocapsid protein (N) gene amplicons revealed point mutations in OC43, some consistently found in three MS patient brains and one normal control but never observed in laboratory viruses. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of viral RNA in brain parenchyma, outside blood vessels. The presence of HCoV in human brains is consistent with neuroinvasion by these respiratory pathogens. Further studies are needed to distinguish between opportunistic and disease-associated viral presence in human brains. (+info)Human coronavirus 229E infects polarized airway epithelia from the apical surface. (5/83)
Gene transfer to differentiated airway epithelia with existing viral vectors is very inefficient when they are applied to the apical surface. This largely reflects the polarized distribution of receptors on the basolateral surface. To identify new receptor-ligand interactions that might be used to redirect vectors to the apical surface, we investigated the process of infection of airway epithelial cells by human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a common cause of respiratory tract infections. Using immunohistochemistry, we found the receptor for HCoV-229E (CD13 or aminopeptidase N) localized mainly to the apical surface of airway epithelia. When HCoV-229E was applied to the apical or basolateral surface of well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelia, infection primarily occurred from the apical side. Similar results were noted when the virus was applied to cultured human tracheal explants. Newly synthesized virions were released mainly to the apical side. Thus, HCoV-229E preferentially infects human airway epithelia from the apical surface. The spike glycoprotein that mediates HCoV-229E binding and fusion to CD13 is a candidate for pseudotyping retroviral envelopes or modifying other viral vectors. (+info)Infectious RNA transcribed in vitro from a cDNA copy of the human coronavirus genome cloned in vaccinia virus. (6/83)
The coronavirus genome is a positive-strand RNA of extraordinary size and complexity. It is composed of approximately 30000 nucleotides and it is the largest known autonomously replicating RNA. It is also remarkable in that more than two-thirds of the genome is devoted to encoding proteins involved in the replication and transcription of viral RNA. Here, a reverse-genetic system is described for the generation of recombinant coronaviruses. This system is based upon the in vitro transcription of infectious RNA from a cDNA copy of the human coronavirus 229E genome that has been cloned and propagated in vaccinia virus. This system is expected to provide new insights into the molecular biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses and to serve as a paradigm for the genetic analysis of large RNA virus genomes. It also provides a starting point for the development of a new class of eukaryotic, multi-gene RNA vectors that are able to express several proteins simultaneously. (+info)Viral replicase gene products suffice for coronavirus discontinuous transcription. (7/83)
We have used vaccinia virus as a vector to clone a 22.5-kbp cDNA that represents the 5' and 3' ends of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV 229E) genome, the HCoV 229E replicase gene, and a single reporter gene (coding for green fluorescent protein [GFP]) located downstream of a regulatory element for coronavirus mRNA transcription. When RNA transcribed from this cDNA was transfected into BHK-21 cells, a small percentage of cells displayed strong fluorescence. A region of the mRNA encoding GFP was amplified by PCR and shown to have the unique mRNA leader-body junction indicative of coronavirus-mediated transcription. These data show that the coronavirus replicase gene products suffice for discontinuous subgenomic mRNA transcription. (+info)The autocatalytic release of a putative RNA virus transcription factor from its polyprotein precursor involves two paralogous papain-like proteases that cleave the same peptide bond. (8/83)
The largest replicative protein of coronaviruses is known as p195 in the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and p210 (p240) in the mouse hepatitis virus. It is autocatalytically released from the precursors pp1a and pp1ab by one zinc finger-containing papain-like protease (PLpro) in IBV and by two paralogous PLpros, PL1pro and PL2pro, in mouse hepatitis virus. The PLpro-containing proteins have been recently implicated in the control of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA synthesis (transcription). By using comparative sequence analysis, we now show that the respective proteins of all sequenced coronaviruses are flanked by two conserved PLpro cleavage sites and share a complex (multi)domain organization with PL1pro being inactivated in IBV. Based upon these predictions, the processing of the human coronavirus 229E p195/p210 N terminus was studied in detail. First, an 87-kDa protein (p87), which is derived from a pp1a/pp1ab region immediately upstream of p195/p210, was identified in human coronavirus 229E-infected cells. Second, in vitro synthesized proteins representing different parts of pp1a were autocatalytically processed at the predicted site. Surprisingly, both PL1pro and PL2pro cleaved between p87 and p195/p210. The PL1pro-mediated cleavage was slow and significantly suppressed by a non-proteolytic activity of PL2pro. In contrast, PL2pro, whose proteolytic activity and specificity were established in this study, cleaved the same site efficiently in the presence of the upstream domains. Third, a correlation was observed between the overlapping substrate specificities and the parallel evolution of PL1pro and PL2pro. Collectively, our results imply that the p195/p210 autoprocessing mechanisms may be conserved among coronaviruses to an extent not appreciated previously, with PL2pro playing a major role. A large subset of coronaviruses may employ two proteases to cleave the same site(s) and thus regulate the expression of the viral genome in a unique way. (+info)
Human Coronaviruses | Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH)
Human coronavirus, TEM - Stock Image C001/0467 - Science Photo Library
Oligomerization of the carboxyl terminal domain of the human coronavirus 229E nucleocapsid protein<...
Recombinant Human coronavirus SARS Nucleoprotein (ab270825) | Abcam
Get PDF - The NF-κB-dependent and -independent transcriptome and chromatin landscapes of human coronavirus 229E-infected cells
Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology
Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses
Coronavirus (Wuhan) Forum | Peak Prosperity
Molecular Characterization of the 229E Strain of Human Coronavirus | SpringerLink
Testing for a Phantom Virus, Sars -CoV-2 | Medic Debate
Human coronavirus 2019-nCov Spike | InvivoGen
Dettol Antibacterial Surface Cleanser 500 ml
The RNA and Proteins of Human Coronaviruses | Springer for Research & Development
A protocol for adding knowledge to Wikidata: aligning resources on human coronaviruses | BMC Biology | Full Text
Titration of Human Coronaviruses Using an Immunoperoxidase Assay | Protocol (Translated to Dutch)
New coronavirus has many potential hosts, could pass from animals to humans repeatedly
New coronavirus has many potential hosts, could pass from animals to humans repeatedly
virology
Isolate Data
Jean-Marc Rolain - Google Scholar
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) 3C-like Proteinase protein, His tag by GeneTex, Cat. No. GTX135648-pro-S | Lucerna-Chem AG
Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E | Nature
Cell host response to infection with novel human coronavirus EMC predicts potential antivirals and important differences with...
Coronavirus che cosa ГЁ | Qarantino.com
Longitudinal epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 in Yamagata, Japan, 2010-2017: two groups based on spike gene appear one...
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of...
Disinfectants | Raincor Products
- raincorproducts
Cetylcide-II Hard Surface Disinfectant in 1/2 oz. Pre-Measured Bottles-Bulk Packs | Cetylite
Use of antimalarial drugs in the treatment of COVID-19: A window of opportunity? | Medicina Clínica (English Edition)
Human Gene ACE2 (ENST00000679278.1)
A strong association of HLA-associated Pol and Gag mutations with clinical parameters in HIV-1 subtype A/E infection | BC...
2004 and before
Search Articles | University of Toronto Libraries
HCoV 229E Plasmid | EVAg
Latest Updates And Important Data - JustPaste.it
COVID-19 | Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
How to recognise the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 - Discovery
Coronavirus Causes, Symptoms and Treatments - What you need to know - Eblogazine - Power Of True Stories
Do some people have protection against the coronavirus? | NASH FM 106.1
Do some people have protection against the coronavirus? | WOGT-FM
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
COVID variants Lambda and Delta Plus: All you need to know about emerging strains | Mirage News
Epidemiology - Lyfstylewellness
A Study of Human Coronavirus NL63: Characterization of Virus Replicati by Bridget Banach
Human coronavirus NL63 - Wikipedia
ANPEP alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
Viral Replicase Gene Products Suffice for Coronavirus Discontinuous Transcription | Journal of Virology
Susceptibility to the Coronavirus? No One is Talking About This | Healing Saga
How does SARS-CoV-2 cause COVID-19? | Science
Daily mouthwash may inactivate human coronaviruses: Study | SaveDelete
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the...
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Oxidized glutathione (HMDB0003337)
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Coronavirus UK: COVID-19 outbreak, measures and impact
Highly sensitive and specific diagnosis of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) by reverse transcription multiple cross...
Journal of Research in Pharmacy
World Health Organization warning due to coronavirus (Covid-19) - STRES.EU.ORG
Efficacy of the Hepatitis E Vaccine - InpharmD™
Parvosol® II RTU Disinfectant | NEOGEN
Gastroesophageal reflux disease do neurologists treat, generic pantozol price group
Brain fog following COVID-19 recovery may indicate PTSD | EurekAlert! Science...
Do You Think The United States Can Controll The Coronavirus - Glue4U Kent Adhesive Products Co. - Monarch Industries
CDC reports one-third of coronavirus survivors have symptoms that dont go away | ConspiracyRevelation
Tips and advice for marine surveyors about Coronavirus (COVID-19) - The International Institute of Marine Surveying (IIMS)
The Coronavirus Guide: 19 May 2020 - DonaldPierce.com
Coronavirus FAQs: What is Coronavirus?| Avaana
Coronavirus Act and Emergency Measures - Carers UK
What Is a Coronavirus? | Ultimatepocket
RePub, Erasmus University Repository:
Comparison of commercial realtime reverse transcription PCR assays for the detection of...
Understanding COVID-19 Variants - What Can The Coronavirus Infection Survey Tell Us? | National Statistical
Your pet cannot get coronavirus. Heres why a dog tested positive - TruthDive
Recapitulating Amyloid β and Tau Pathology in Human Neural Cell Culture Models-Clinical Implications | touchNEUROLOGY | Leading...
How Can Parents Protect Their Kids From Getting A Coronavirus Infection?
Uncategorized Archives | Mountain Valley Hospice
Staying healthy during the Coronavirus pandemic - Deep Blue Health New Zealand Ltd
Page 45:Coronavirus (COVID 19) India Live Updates, News, Cases & Lockdown- Down To Earth
Page 22:Coronavirus (COVID 19) India Live Updates, News, Cases & Lockdown- Down To Earth
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) | coronavirus.gov
Coronavirus, allergies or flu? Heres the difference between COVID-19 and other illnesses - News - The State Journal-Register -...
Coronavirus: Everything you need to know - Taj Pharma India
CORONAVIRUS INFO: PREGNANCY, BABIES, CHILDREN | BabyCentre
Dutch PM did not visit dying mother until end due to coronavirus rules: statement - Metro US
Coronavirus: How COVID-19 Is Reshaping Our Lives | 9 | Digital Trends
NewsNow: Coronavirus news | COVID-19 news | Live Feed & Top Stories » Immunity months
Coronavirus treatment: How many people have recovered from coronavirus? | Express.co.uk
Download Biochemistry and Biology of Coronaviruses by Lawrence S. Sturman (auth.), V. ter Meulen, S. Siddell, H. PDF - Barbara...
Coronavirus prevention: tips to protect yourself from a deadly disease outbreak
Coronavirus & Fungi Coinfections - Part 1 at Know the Cause
Can You Become Immune to the Coronavirus? | CUISINETEMPO
Americas cardroom mobile download / Slotastic Casino Mobile : Chayoobing
Page 2 - Kalkine Media
Pres. Trump names leaders of effort for coronavirus vaccine with Operation Warp Speed | ABC News | Coronavirus
... corona virus, corona virus 229e, corona virus cats, corona virus cattle, corona virus dog, corona virus dogs, corona virus ... corona virus in dogs, corona virus vaccine, dog corona virus, feline corona virus, human corona virus, mers corona virus, saudi ... Trump names leaders of effort for coronavirus vaccine with Operation Warp Speed , ABC News. By Corona VirusPosted on May 16, ... corona virus, virus corona, virus corona di arab saudi, what is corona virus. Post navigation. Previous post President Donald ...
Florida governor says state 'not going back' on reopening despite COVID-19 spike | Coronavirus
... ghbiBOp8vwsFlorida Governor Ron DeSantis states the condition wont return on reopening even while the amount of coronavirus ... corona virus, corona virus 229e, corona virus cats, corona virus cattle, corona virus dog, corona virus dogs, corona virus ... corona virus vaccine, coronavirus, dog corona virus, Donald Trump, feline corona virus, florida, fourth of july, human corona ... saudi corona virus, virus corona, virus corona di arab saudi, what is corona virus. Post navigation. Previous post Trump says ...
US coronavirus deaths surpass 160,000 | Coronavirus
... corona virus, corona virus 229e, corona virus cats, corona virus cattle, corona virus dog, corona virus dogs, corona virus ... coronavirus, covid-19, deaths, dewine, dog corona virus, feline corona virus, Georgia, governor, human corona virus, increase, ... saudi corona virus, SCHOOLS, test, testing, update, virus corona, virus corona di arab saudi, what is corona virus. Post ... US coronavirus deaths surpass 160,000. By Corona VirusPosted on August 8, 2020. Deprecated: implode(): Passing glue string ...
Doctor VS Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories | Coronavirus
... corona virus, corona virus 229e, corona virus cats, corona virus cattle, corona virus dog, corona virus dogs, corona virus ... dog corona virus, dr. mike, feline corona virus, how to protect yourself from the corona virus, human corona virus, mers corona ... corona virus in dogs, corona virus vaccine, coronavirus, coronavirus epidemic, coronavirus myths, coronavirus pandemic, ... saudi corona virus, symptoms of coronavirus, treatment coronavirus, truth about corona virus, virus corona, virus corona di ...