Coronavirus 229e human. Medical search

A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of vertebrates.

Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).

A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in humans. It lacks hemagglutinin-esterase.

A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting neonatal calves, presenting as acute diarrhea, and frequently leading to death.

A class I viral fusion protein that forms the characteristic spikes, or peplomers, found on the viral surface that mediate virus attachment, fusion, and entry into the host cell. During virus maturation, it is cleaved into two subunits: S1, which binds to receptors in the host cell, and S2, which mediates membrane fusion.

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME) in humans. The organism is believed to have first emerged in Guangdong Province, China, in 2002. The natural host is the Chinese horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS sinicus.

A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in humans. It contains hemagglutinin-esterase.

A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting cats of all ages and commonly found in catteries and zoos. Cats are often found carrying the virus but only a small proportion develop disease. Feline coronavirus and Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) are virtually the same virus in genetic and antigenetic terms, and are morphologically indistinguishable. Since they only differ in their disease potential (with FIPV causing a more serious illness), they are considered biotypes of each other.

Spherical RNA viruses, in the order NIDOVIRALES, infecting a wide range of animals including humans. Transmission is by fecal-oral and respiratory routes. Mechanical transmission is also common. There are two genera: CORONAVIRUS and TOROVIRUS.

A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting dogs. Onset of symptoms is usually sudden and includes vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration.

A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.

Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE.

A species of the CORONAVIRUS genus causing hepatitis in mice. Four strains have been identified as MHV 1, MHV 2, MHV 3, and MHV 4 (also known as MHV-JHM, which is neurotropic and causes disseminated encephalomyelitis with demyelination as well as focal liver necrosis).

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing a fatal disease to pigs under 3 weeks old.

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing infections in chickens and possibly pheasants. Chicks up to four weeks old are the most severely affected.

A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing upper and lower RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS. It shares the receptor used by the SARS VIRUS.

Viral proteins found in either the NUCLEOCAPSID or the viral core (VIRAL CORE PROTEINS).

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing pneumonia in newborn rats but a clinically inapparent infection in adults. It is separate but antigenically related to MURINE HEPATITIS VIRUS.

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing enteritis in turkeys and pullets.

A mutant strain of TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS causing mild or subclinical respiratory infections in young SWINE. It may also play a role in post-weaning porcine respiratory disease complex, especially when combined with other respiratory agents.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

Common coronavirus infection of cats caused by the feline infectious peritonitis virus (CORONAVIRUS, FELINE). The disease is characterized by a long incubation period, fever, depression, loss of appetite, wasting, and progressive abdominal enlargement. Infection of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage appears to be essential in FIP pathogenesis.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The family of civets which are small and medium-sized Old World carnivores, often striped or spotted.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)

Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An acute, highly contagious virus disease of turkeys characterized by chilling, anorexia, decreased water intake, diarrhea, dehydration and weight loss. The infectious agent is a CORONAVIRUS.

Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell.

Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.

Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. They are expressed by GRANULOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and their precursors as well as by various non-hematopoietic cells. They release an N-terminal amino acid from a peptide, amide or arylamide.

A protein-nucleic acid complex which forms part or all of a virion. It consists of a CAPSID plus enclosed nucleic acid. Depending on the virus, the nucleocapsid may correspond to a naked core or be surrounded by a membranous envelope.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The region of southwest Asia and northeastern Africa usually considered as extending from Libya on the west to Afghanistan on the east. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS such as CYSTATINS and SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.

The entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by direct MEMBRANE FUSION of the viral membrane with the CELL MEMBRANE, or by translocation of the whole virus across the cell membrane.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.

Order of mammals whose members are adapted for flight. It includes bats, flying foxes, and fruit bats.

The temporal sequence of events that have occurred.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.

Proteins which are synthesized as a single polymer and then cleaved into several distinct proteins.

An order comprising three families of eukaryotic viruses possessing linear, nonsegmented, positive sense RNA genomes. The families are CORONAVIRIDAE; ARTERIVIRIDAE; and RONIVIRIDAE.

A peptidyl-dipeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal dipeptide, -Xaa-*-Xbb-Xcc, when neither Xaa nor Xbb is Pro. It is a Cl(-)-dependent, zinc glycoprotein that is generally membrane-bound and active at neutral pH. It may also have endopeptidase activity on some substrates. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.15.1.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The specificity of a virus for infecting a particular type of cell or tissue.

The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand.

Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

Specific hemagglutinin subtypes encoded by VIRUSES.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Hoofed mammals with four legs, a big-lipped snout, and a humped back belonging to the family Camelidae.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A family in the suborder Feliformia, order CARNIVORA, comprising one genus Nandinia binotata.

A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

A genus of the family ARTERIVIRIDAE, in the order NIDOVIRALES. The type species is ARTERITIS VIRUS, EQUINE.

Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Proteins, usually glycoproteins, found in the viral envelopes of a variety of viruses. They promote cell membrane fusion and thereby may function in the uptake of the virus by cells.

Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.

Viruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. Helper and satellite may be of the same or different genus.

The former British crown colony located off the southeast coast of China, comprised of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and New Territories. The three sites were ceded to the British by the Chinese respectively in 1841, 1860, and 1898. Hong Kong reverted to China in July 1997. The name represents the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese xianggang, fragrant port, from xiang, perfume and gang, port or harbor, with reference to its currents sweetened by fresh water from a river west of it.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

A directed change in translational READING FRAMES that allows the production of a single protein from two or more OVERLAPPING GENES. The process is programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the MRNA and is sometimes also affected by the secondary or tertiary mRNA structure. It has been described mainly in VIRUSES (especially RETROVIRUSES); RETROTRANSPOSONS; and bacterial insertion elements but also in some cellular genes.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.

Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.

Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral enzymes including reverse transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/integrase. "pol" is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of reverse transcriptase.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The species Delphinapterus leucas, in the family Monodontidae, found primarily in the Arctic Ocean and adjoining seas. They are small WHALES lacking a dorsal fin.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. EC 3.1.1.6.

A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE characterized by enveloped, peplomer-bearing particles containing an elongated tubular nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. Toroviruses have been found in association with enteric infections in horses (Berne virus), cattle (Breda virus), swine, and humans. Transmission probably takes place via the fecal-oral route.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

Persistent infection of human oligodendrocytic and neuroglial cell lines by human coronavirus 229E. (1/83)

Human coronaviruses (HuCV) cause common colds. Previous reports suggest that these infectious agents may be neurotropic in humans, as they are for some mammals. With the long-term aim of providing experimental evidence for the neurotropism of HuCV and the establishment of persistent infections in the nervous system, we have evaluated the susceptibility of various human neural cell lines to acute and persistent infection by HuCV-229E. Viral antigen, infectious virus progeny and viral RNA were monitored during both acute and persistent infections. The astrocytoma cell lines U-87 MG, U-373 MG, and GL-15, as well as neuroblastoma SK-N-SH, neuroglioma H4, and oligodendrocytic MO3.13 cell lines, were all susceptible to an acute infection by HuCV-229E. The CHME-5 immortalized fetal microglial cell line was not susceptible to infection by this virus. The MO3.13 and H4 cell lines also sustained a persistent viral infection, as monitored by detection of viral antigen and infectious virus progeny. Sequencing of the S1 gene from viral RNA after approximately 130 days of infection showed two point mutations, suggesting amino acid changes during persistent infection of MO3.13 cells but none for H4 cells. Thus, persistent in vitro infection did not generate important changes in the S1 portion of the viral spike protein, which was shown for murine coronaviruses to bear hypervariable domains and to interact with cellular receptor. These results are consistent with the potential persistence of HuCV-229E in cells of the human nervous system, such as oligodendrocytes and possibly neurons, and the virus's apparent genomic stability. (+info)

A human RNA viral cysteine proteinase that depends upon a unique Zn2+-binding finger connecting the two domains of a papain-like fold . (2/83)

A cysteine proteinase, papain-like proteinase (PL1pro), of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV) regulates the expression of the replicase polyproteins, pp1a and ppa1ab, by cleavage between Gly111 and Asn112, far upstream of its own catalytic residue Cys1054. In this report, using bioinformatics tools, we predict that, unlike its distant cellular homologues, HCoV PL1pro and its coronaviral relatives have a poorly conserved Zn2+ finger connecting the left and right hand domains of a papain-like fold. Optical emission spectrometry has been used to confirm the presence of Zn2+ in a purified and proteolytically active form of the HCoV PL1pro fused with the Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein. In denaturation/renaturation experiments using the recombinant protein, its activity was shown to be strongly dependent upon Zn2+, which could be partly substituted by Co2+ during renaturation. The reconstituted, Zn2+-containing PL1pro was not sensitive to 1,10-phenanthroline, and the Zn2+-depleted protein was not reactivated by adding Zn2+ after renaturation. Consistent with the proposed essential structural role of Zn2+, PL1pro was selectively inactivated by mutations in the Zn2+ finger, including replacements of any of four conserved Cys residues predicted to co-ordinate Zn2+. The unique domain organization of HCoV PL1pro provides a potential framework for regulatory processes and may be indicative of a nonproteolytic activity of this enzyme. (+info)

The human coronavirus 229E superfamily 1 helicase has RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5'-to-3' polarity. (3/83)

The human coronavirus 229E replicase gene encodes a protein, p66HEL, that contains a putative zinc finger structure linked to a putative superfamily (SF) 1 helicase. A histidine-tagged form of this protein, HEL, was expressed using baculovirus vectors in insect cells. The purified recombinant protein had in vitro ATPase activity that was strongly stimulated by poly(U), poly(dT), poly(C), and poly(dA), but not by poly(G). The recombinant protein also had both RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5'-to-3' polarity. The DNA helicase activity of the enzyme preferentially unwound 5'-oligopyrimidine-tailed, partial-duplex substrates and required a tail length of at least 10 nucleotides for effective unwinding. The combined data suggest that the coronaviral SF1 helicase functionally differs from the previously characterized RNA virus SF2 helicases. (+info)

Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. (4/83)

Human coronaviruses (HCoV) cause common colds but can also infect neural cell cultures. To provide definitive experimental evidence for the neurotropism and neuroinvasion of HCoV and its possible association with multiple sclerosis (MS), we have performed an extensive search and characterization of HCoV RNA in a large panel of human brain autopsy samples. Very stringent reverse transcription-PCR with two primer pairs for both viral strains (229E and OC43), combined with Southern hybridization, was performed on samples from 90 coded donors with various neurological diseases (39 with MS and 26 with other neurological diseases) or normal controls (25 patients). We report that 44% (40 of 90) of donors were positive for 229E and that 23% (21 of 90) were positive for OC43. A statistically significant higher prevalence of OC43 in MS patients (35.9%; 14 of 39) than in controls (13.7%; 7 of 51) was observed. Sequencing of nucleocapsid protein (N) gene amplicons revealed point mutations in OC43, some consistently found in three MS patient brains and one normal control but never observed in laboratory viruses. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of viral RNA in brain parenchyma, outside blood vessels. The presence of HCoV in human brains is consistent with neuroinvasion by these respiratory pathogens. Further studies are needed to distinguish between opportunistic and disease-associated viral presence in human brains. (+info)

Human coronavirus 229E infects polarized airway epithelia from the apical surface. (5/83)

Gene transfer to differentiated airway epithelia with existing viral vectors is very inefficient when they are applied to the apical surface. This largely reflects the polarized distribution of receptors on the basolateral surface. To identify new receptor-ligand interactions that might be used to redirect vectors to the apical surface, we investigated the process of infection of airway epithelial cells by human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a common cause of respiratory tract infections. Using immunohistochemistry, we found the receptor for HCoV-229E (CD13 or aminopeptidase N) localized mainly to the apical surface of airway epithelia. When HCoV-229E was applied to the apical or basolateral surface of well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelia, infection primarily occurred from the apical side. Similar results were noted when the virus was applied to cultured human tracheal explants. Newly synthesized virions were released mainly to the apical side. Thus, HCoV-229E preferentially infects human airway epithelia from the apical surface. The spike glycoprotein that mediates HCoV-229E binding and fusion to CD13 is a candidate for pseudotyping retroviral envelopes or modifying other viral vectors. (+info)

Infectious RNA transcribed in vitro from a cDNA copy of the human coronavirus genome cloned in vaccinia virus. (6/83)

The coronavirus genome is a positive-strand RNA of extraordinary size and complexity. It is composed of approximately 30000 nucleotides and it is the largest known autonomously replicating RNA. It is also remarkable in that more than two-thirds of the genome is devoted to encoding proteins involved in the replication and transcription of viral RNA. Here, a reverse-genetic system is described for the generation of recombinant coronaviruses. This system is based upon the in vitro transcription of infectious RNA from a cDNA copy of the human coronavirus 229E genome that has been cloned and propagated in vaccinia virus. This system is expected to provide new insights into the molecular biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses and to serve as a paradigm for the genetic analysis of large RNA virus genomes. It also provides a starting point for the development of a new class of eukaryotic, multi-gene RNA vectors that are able to express several proteins simultaneously. (+info)

Viral replicase gene products suffice for coronavirus discontinuous transcription. (7/83)

We have used vaccinia virus as a vector to clone a 22.5-kbp cDNA that represents the 5' and 3' ends of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV 229E) genome, the HCoV 229E replicase gene, and a single reporter gene (coding for green fluorescent protein [GFP]) located downstream of a regulatory element for coronavirus mRNA transcription. When RNA transcribed from this cDNA was transfected into BHK-21 cells, a small percentage of cells displayed strong fluorescence. A region of the mRNA encoding GFP was amplified by PCR and shown to have the unique mRNA leader-body junction indicative of coronavirus-mediated transcription. These data show that the coronavirus replicase gene products suffice for discontinuous subgenomic mRNA transcription. (+info)

The autocatalytic release of a putative RNA virus transcription factor from its polyprotein precursor involves two paralogous papain-like proteases that cleave the same peptide bond. (8/83)

The largest replicative protein of coronaviruses is known as p195 in the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and p210 (p240) in the mouse hepatitis virus. It is autocatalytically released from the precursors pp1a and pp1ab by one zinc finger-containing papain-like protease (PLpro) in IBV and by two paralogous PLpros, PL1pro and PL2pro, in mouse hepatitis virus. The PLpro-containing proteins have been recently implicated in the control of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA synthesis (transcription). By using comparative sequence analysis, we now show that the respective proteins of all sequenced coronaviruses are flanked by two conserved PLpro cleavage sites and share a complex (multi)domain organization with PL1pro being inactivated in IBV. Based upon these predictions, the processing of the human coronavirus 229E p195/p210 N terminus was studied in detail. First, an 87-kDa protein (p87), which is derived from a pp1a/pp1ab region immediately upstream of p195/p210, was identified in human coronavirus 229E-infected cells. Second, in vitro synthesized proteins representing different parts of pp1a were autocatalytically processed at the predicted site. Surprisingly, both PL1pro and PL2pro cleaved between p87 and p195/p210. The PL1pro-mediated cleavage was slow and significantly suppressed by a non-proteolytic activity of PL2pro. In contrast, PL2pro, whose proteolytic activity and specificity were established in this study, cleaved the same site efficiently in the presence of the upstream domains. Third, a correlation was observed between the overlapping substrate specificities and the parallel evolution of PL1pro and PL2pro. Collectively, our results imply that the p195/p210 autoprocessing mechanisms may be conserved among coronaviruses to an extent not appreciated previously, with PL2pro playing a major role. A large subset of coronaviruses may employ two proteases to cleave the same site(s) and thus regulate the expression of the viral genome in a unique way. (+info)

HCoV-229E is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are: Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) Human ... Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is a species of coronavirus which infects humans and bats. It is an enveloped, positive- ... inhibits the replication of Human coronavirus 229E in cell culture. Human HCoV-229E, and human HCoV-NL63, likely originated ... Wikispecies has information related to Human coronavirus 229E. CDC Virology online Coronaviruses Viralzone: Alphacoronavirus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E

229E and OC43 were collectively named Human respiratory virus but merged as Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) in 2009. The ... The species was split into Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-OC229E) and Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) in 1995. While HCoV- ... For example, the coronaviruses of dog (Canine respiratory coronavirus), cattle (Bovine coronavirus), and human (HCoV-OC43) ... Bovine coronavirus (discovered in 1973), Human enteric coronavirus (discovered in 1975), Equine coronavirus (discovered in 2000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coronavirus

These viruses include human coronavirus 229E and OC43. Susceptible cells are inoculated with serial logarithmic dilutions of ... "Titration of Human Coronaviruses, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, by an Indirect Immunoperoxidase Assay". SARS- and Other ... This technique is a reliable method for the titration of human coronaviruses (HCoV) in biological samples (cells, tissues, or ... Lambert, Francine; Jacomy, Helene; Marceau, Gabriel; Talbot, Pierre J. (28 April 2008). "Titration of Human Coronaviruses Using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_immunoperoxidase_assay

"Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E". Nature. 357 (6377): 420-422. Bibcode:1992Natur.357..420Y. doi ... "Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry". Proceedings of ... Lim, Yvonne; Ng, Yan; Tam, James; Liu, Ding (25 July 2016). "Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus-Host Interactions". ... Künkel, Frank; Herrler, Georg (July 1993). "Structural and Functional Analysis of the Surface Protein of Human Coronavirus OC43 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein

It is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E, feline coronavirus serotype II (FCoV-II), TGEV, PEDV and canine coronavirus ... "Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E". Nature. 357 (6377): 420-2. Bibcode:1992Natur.357..420Y. doi: ... "Identification of residues critical for the human coronavirus 229E receptor function of human aminopeptidase N". The Journal of ... "Characterization of functional domains in the human coronavirus HCV 229E receptor". The Journal of General Virology. 77 (10): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase

October 2019). "The human coronavirus HCoV-229E S-protein structure and receptor binding". eLife. 8. doi:10.7554/eLife.51230. ... COVID-19 portal Viruses portal Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (SL-CoV-WIV1) Bat SARS-like coronavirus RsSHC014 Bat coronavirus ... SARS-related coronavirus follows the replication strategy typical of all coronaviruses. The attachment of the SARS-related ... 2015). "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-related_coronavirus

... β-CoV Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), β-CoV Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), α-CoV Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), α ... Canine coronavirus), Human coronavirus 229E, Human coronavirus NL63, Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1, Miniopterus bat coronavirus ... Human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43 continued to be studied in subsequent decades. The coronavirus strain B814 ... Bovine Coronavirus, Human coronavirus OC43), Hedgehog coronavirus 1, Human coronavirus HKU1, Middle East respiratory syndrome- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus

"Morphogenesis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus and a Related Human Virus (Strain 229E)". Journal of Virology. 1 (5): 1019- ... Avian coronavirus (IBV) Turkey coronavirus Porcine deltacoronavirus HKU15 including a human case Parrot coronavirus Becker, W. ... Human Coronavirus HKU1 Infects, Replicates, and Produces Progeny Virions in Human Ciliated Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures - ... HKU1 Parker rat coronavirus Dromedary camel HKU23 Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) Equine coronavirus SARS HKU3 SARS-RBD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Coronavirus_live_isolates

The other six are: Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) ... Surveillance of Bat Coronaviruses in Kenya Identifies Relatives of Human Coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and Their Recombination ... Estimates of its divergence from another coronavirus (HCoV-229E) are around 1000 years ago; it has likely circulated in humans ... Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a species of coronavirus, specifically a Setracovirus from among the Alphacoronavirus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63

"Surveillance of Bat Coronaviruses in Kenya Identifies Relatives of Human Coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and Their Recombination ... Monto AS (1984). "Coronaviruses". In Evans AS (ed.). Viral Infections of Humans. Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and ... the most recent common ancestor of coronaviruses is estimated to have existed as recently as 8000 BCE. Human coronaviruses were ... "Common Human Coronaviruses". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 April ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_diseases

"Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using ... Human coronavirus HKU1 Lee, Paul (2007). Molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 in Hong Kong (Thesis). The University ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Human coronavirus OC43. Wikispecies has information related to Human coronavirus OC43. ... Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1, which infects humans and cattle. The infecting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43

In the article, they noted four respiratory human coronaviruses (HCoV) known to be endemic: 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1. In May ... Most infections with human coronaviruses are mild and associated with common colds. The seven coronaviruses known to infect ... Lu, Guangwen; Liu, Di (2012). "SARS-like virus in the Middle East: A truly bat-related coronavirus causing human diseases". ... Zaki and co-authors from the Erasmus Medical Center published more details, including a scientific name, Human Coronavirus- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak

Distant homologs of ORF3a have been identified in Alphacoronavirus, which includes the human coronaviruses 229E and NL63, but ... which includes the human coronaviruses HKU1 and OC43. It may be distantly related to ORF5 in Merbecovirus, which includes MERS- ... "Human Coronavirus NL63 Open Reading Frame 3 encodes a virion-incorporated N-glycosylated membrane protein". Virology Journal. 7 ... ORF3a (previously known as X1 or U274) is a gene found in coronaviruses of the subgenus Sarbecovirus, including SARS-CoV and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORF3a

Human coronavirus OC43, Human coronavirus 229E and the coronavirus disease. These coronaviruses have all evolved to shut down ... Coronaviruses that occur in humans are primarily viruses of the respiratory tract. Weiss began to work on coronaviruses in the ... Coronaviruses are complex viruses that circulate in animals and occasionally infect humans. They have the largest RNA genome of ... At the time, very little was known about the impact of coronaviruses, other than that they can cause the common cold in humans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Weiss

Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species. Human coronaviruses ... SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV ... "coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "the coronavirus outbreak" and the "Wuhan coronavirus outbreak", with the disease sometimes ... It is sometimes referred to as the "coronavirus pandemic" despite the existence of other human coronaviruses that have caused ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic

Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species. Human coronaviruses ... after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV. Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 ... Decaro N, Lorusso A (May 2020). "Novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A lesson from animal coronaviruses". Veterinary ... The report mentions that direct zoonotic transmission to humans has a precedent, as most current human coronaviruses originated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19

Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species. Human coronaviruses ... after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV. Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 ... The virus previously had a provisional name, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and has also been called human coronavirus ... Kuo L (21 January 2020). "China confirms human-to-human transmission of coronavirus". The Guardian. Archived from the original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2

... coronavirus 229e, human MeSH B04.820.504.540.150.220 - coronavirus oc43, human MeSH B04.820.504.540.150.260 - coronavirus, rat ... coronavirus, feline MeSH B04.909.777.500.540.150.210 - coronavirus 229e, human MeSH B04.909.777.500.540.150.220 - coronavirus ... human MeSH B04.820.565.284.182 - enterovirus b, human MeSH B04.820.565.284.182.225 - echovirus 6, human MeSH B04.820.565.284. ... human MeSH B04.909.777.618.284.182 - enterovirus b, human MeSH B04.909.777.618.284.182.225 - echovirus 6, human MeSH B04.909. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B04)

Family 1.A.89 The Human Coronavirus 229E Viroporin (229E Viroporin) Family 1.A.90 The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Viroporin ( ... Family 1.A.57 The Human SARS Coronavirus Viroporin (SARS-VP) 1.A.58 The Type B Influenza Virus Matrix Protein 2 (BM2-C) Family ... ICln family 1.A.48 Anion channel Tweety family 1.A.49 Human coronavirus ns12.9 viroporin family 1.A.50 Phospholamban (Ca2+- ... Human Herpes Virus 4) Gp42 (Gp42) Family 1.G.22 The Cytomegalovirus (Human Herpesvirus 5) Glycoprotein gO (gO) Family 1.H.1 The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporter_Classification_Database

Order Nidovirales Family Arteriviridae Family Coronaviridae - includes Human coronavirus (common cold viruses HCoV-229E, HCoV- ... The coronaviruses and toroviruses appear to be distinct families in distinct orders and not distinct genera of the same family ... The nucleic acid is usually single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) but it may be double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by ... The double-stranded (ds)RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus

MERS-CoV is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, the ... commonly called Human coronavirus OC43), Human coronavirus HKU1, Murine coronavirus, Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, ... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Other names: novel coronavirus (nCoV) London1 novel CoV/2012 Human Coronavirus ... "Human coronavirus EMC does not require the SARS-coronavirus receptor and maintains broad replicative capability in mammalian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS-related_coronavirus

The other six are: Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) ... Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a species of coronavirus in humans and animals. It causes an upper respiratory disease ... Sloots, T; McErlean, P; Speicher, D; Arden, K; Nissen, M; MacKay, I (2006). "Evidence of human coronavirus HKU1 and human ... These strains found in New Haven is not to be confused with HCoV-NH (New Haven coronavirus), which is a strain of Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1

... a gene conserved in all coronaviruses known to infect humans. While the screens for known coronaviruses were all negative, the ... method to test for distinguishing features of a number of known coronaviruses (such as OC43, 229E, NL63, and SARS-CoV), as well ... Lu G, Liu D (November 2012). "SARS-like virus in the Middle East: a truly bat-related coronavirus causing human diseases". ... Lu, Guangwen; Liu, Di (2012). "SARS-like virus in the Middle East: A truly bat-related coronavirus causing human diseases". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) Human coronavirus HKU1 ... Human SARS-CoV-1 appears to have had a complex history of recombination between ancestral coronaviruses that were hosted in ... "Coronavirus never before seen in humans is the cause of SARS". United Nations World Health Organization. 2006-04-16. Archived ... Xiyang was identified on Wang, Ning (2018). "Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans, China" ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-1

He discovered the first human coronavirus (designated B814) in 1965. With June Almeida he made the first comparative study of ... including one new human virus called 229E, which was recently discovered by Dorothy Hamre and John J. Procknow at the ... human and chicken coronaviruses in 1967, and invented the name coronavirus in 1968. Tyrrell was born on 19 June 1925 to Sidney ... This was the discovery of human coronavirus. But the virus was difficult to maintain in culture and the structure was difficult ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Tyrrell_(physician)

HuB-2013 Duvinacovirus Human coronavirus 229E Luchacovirus Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus Minacovirus Mink coronavirus 1 ... 1 Human coronavirus OC43 China Rattus coronavirus HKU24 Human coronavirus HKU1 Murine coronavirus Myodes coronavirus 2JL14 ... coronavirus 512 Rhinacovirus Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2 Setracovirus Human coronavirus NL63 NL63-related bat coronavirus ... Bulbul coronavirus HKU11 Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21 Coronavirus HKU15 Munia coronavirus HKU13 White-eye coronavirus HKU16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviridae

... may have been acquired from another coronavirus (known as HCoV-229E), responsible for the common cold. This is not entirely ... One hypothesis to explain the novel mutations is that SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted from humans to mice and mutated in a ... "湖南长沙从入境人员中检出2例新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者" [2 cases of coronavirus Omicron variant detected from incoming persons in Changsha, Hunan ... "Coronavirus variant Omicron found in 13 positive tests so far , RIVM". www.rivm.nl.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant

Coronavirus Coronavirus diseases Coronavirus 229E Coronavirus OC43 Coronavirus NL63 Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 Bat-borne ... Although coronaviruses are endemic in humans and infections normally mild, such as the common cold (caused by human ... Novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a provisional name given to coronaviruses of medical significance before a permanent name is ... 2020). "The 2019-2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel_coronavirus

Duvinacovirus Human coronavirus 229E Luchacovirus Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus Minacovirus Mink coronavirus 1 Ferret coronavirus ... coronavirus 512 Rhinacovirus Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2 Setracovirus Human coronavirus NL63 NL63-related bat coronavirus ... T14 Sunacovirus Suncus murinus coronavirus X74 Tegacovirus Alphacoronavirus 1 Canine coronavirus Feline coronavirus Human CCoV- ... Both types of Alphacoronavirus 1, feline coronavirus (FCoV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV), are known to exist in two serotypes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphacoronavirus

... and Characterization of a Novel Alpaca Respiratory Coronavirus Most Closely Related to the Human Coronavirus 229E". Viruses. 4 ... Anthroponosis refers to pathogens sourced from humans and can include human to non-human animal transmission but also human to ... human to human) if the human is considered the original source. If this infected mosquito instead infected a non-human primate ... It was found that the alpaca coronavirus is most evolutionarily similar to a human coronavirus strain that was isolated in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_zoonosis

... coronavirus, HCV, HSV, HCoV-229E, HIV, mengovirus, MERS-CoV, rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-1, Zika virus. Siderophore Protonophore ... TSAI, WEN-PO; NARA, PETER L.; KUNG, HSIANG-FU; OROSZLAN, STEPHEN (April 1990). "Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ... Romanelli, Frank; Smith, Kelly; Hoven, Ardis (1 August 2004). "Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Inhibitors of Human ... "Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionophore

6A Human betaherpesvirus 6B Human betaherpesvirus 7 Human coronavirus 229E Human coronavirus HKU1 Human coronavirus NL63 Human ... A Human mastadenovirus B Human mastadenovirus C Human mastadenovirus D Human mastadenovirus E Human mastadenovirus F Human ... polyomavirus 14 Human polyomavirus 2 Human polyomavirus 3 Human polyomavirus 4 Human polyomavirus 5 Human polyomavirus 6 Human ... 2 Human orthorubulavirus 4 Human picobirnavirus Human polyomavirus 1 Human polyomavirus 10 Human polyomavirus 11 Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_virus_species

Distant Relatives of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Close Relatives of Human Coronavirus 229E in Bats, Ghana ... Distant Relatives of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Close Relatives of Human Coronavirus 229E in Bats, Ghana ... A) Phylogeny of coronaviruses (CoVs) in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (RdRp, 817-bp fragment) with root point dates ... Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/9/09-0224-f3

Four human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) are associated with a range of respiratory outcomes, ... N2 - Four human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) are associated with a range of respiratory ... AB - Four human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) are associated with a range of respiratory ... abstract = "Four human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) are associated with a range of ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/epidemiology-and-clinical-presentations-of-the-four-human-coronav

Information about the six types of coronaviruses including MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. ... People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. ... Human coronaviruses were first identified in the mid-1960s. The seven coronaviruses that can infect people are:. Common human ... HKU1 (beta coronavirus). Other human coronaviruses. *MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory ...

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html

Pacific oyster shows antiviral activity against human coronavirus HCoV-229E. by Alex Abraham ... server discovered that Pacific oysters have antiviral exercise in opposition to the human coronavirus HCoV-229E. ... HCoV-229E is a coronavirus pressure and is among the viruses accountable for the widespread chilly. The virus has contaminated ... Tags: coldCommon ColdCompoundcoronavirusCoronavirus Disease COVID-19IntracellularresearchRespiratorySARSSARS-CoV-2Severe Acute ...

https://visualassembler.com/pacific-oyster-shows-antiviral-activity-against-human-coronavirus-hcov-229e/

Compare NGS methods for various coronavirus sequencing goals. ... NGS can identify novel coronavirus variants, track COVID-19 ... Human coronavirus 229E. *Human coronavirus NL63. *Human coronavirus OC43. *Human coronavirus HKU1 ... More About Coronavirus Sequencing Methods. Amplicon Sequencing. Detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus by sequencing ... Coronavirus Software Tools. These tools accelerate coronavirus sequencing data analysis, simplify sample tracking, facilitate ...

https://www.illumina.com/areas-of-interest/microbiology/infectious-diseases/coronavirus-sequencing.html

... Article ...

https://researchers.evms.edu/display/pub-000711395200001

Distant Relatives of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Close Relatives of Human Coronavirus 229E in Bats, Ghana ... Distant Relatives of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Close Relatives of Human Coronavirus 229E in Bats, Ghana ... hCoV-229E/ hCoV-NL63. HCoV-229E/ GhanaBt-CoVGrp1. 1,221. 2.1 × 10-4 (1.2-3.1 × 10-4). Constant size, nucleotide (GTR + G + I). ... human coronavirus; GTR + Γ + I, general time reversible gamma-shaped rate distribution across sites and an invariant site ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/9/09-0224-t2

Antiviral effects of saikosaponins on human coronavirus 229E in vitro.Jul 01, 2006. ... Study Type : Human In Vitro. Additional Links Diseases : Coronavirus Disease, Coronavirus Infection, Severe Acute Respiratory ... Study Type : Human Study. Additional Links Diseases : Coronavirus Disease, Coronavirus Infection, Severe Acute Respiratory ... Study Type : Human Study. Additional Links Diseases : Coronavirus Disease, Coronavirus Infection, Severe Acute Respiratory ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/coronavirus-disease

... human metapneumovirus A/B; adenovirus; rhinovirus/enterovirus; coronavirus (229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63); Mycoplasma pneumoniae ... The analysis in the European Journal of Human Genetics finds few rare variants and limited geographic structure among Faroese ...

https://www.genomeweb.com/molecular-diagnostics/applied-biocode-receives-fda-clearance-syndromic-respiratory-pathogen-panel

Human. Cited in 14 publication(s). Independently reviewed in 10 review(s). ... In case of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) infection, serves as receptor for HCoV-229E spike glycoprotein. Mediates as well ... Amino acids 260-353 are essential to mediate susceptibility to infection with HCoV-229E (in porcine/human chimeric studies) and ... Lane 2 : human fetal liver lysate. Performed under reducing conditions.. Predicted band size: 110 kDa. ...

https://www.abcam.com/cd13-antibody-epr4058-ab108310.html

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). *SARS-CoV (med sygdommen SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) ... Om Humane coronavirus (CoV) hos Ssi.dk, Statens Seruminstitut *"Coronavirus/COVID-19" (søgestrategiplan hos Kb.dk) ... For den virus der forsager den,, se Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus.. Middle East respiratory syndrome. ( ... MERS-CoV er en coronavirus, der antages at stamme fra flagermus.[2] Imidlertid inficeres mennesker typisk fra kameler, enten ...

https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS

Emergence of novel human coronavirus: public health implications in the Eastern Mediterranean Region ... Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2003, 37:929-932. ... Available data to date also do not support any human-to-human transmission of this new coronavirus. In the second case of this ... but not similar to any other coronavirus previously described in humans, including the coronavirus that caused SARS in 2003 [5 ...

http://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-18-2012/issue-11/article-00.html

Human coronavirus HCoV-229E enters susceptible cells via the endocytic pathway. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;494:193-8.PubMedGoogle ... Human coronavirus gene expression in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients. Virology. 1992;191:502-5. DOIPubMedGoogle ... Antibodies to coronaviruses OC43 and 229E in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology. 1982;32:292-5.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. J Virol. 2000;74:8913-21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/2/03-0638_article

Bernadette will present "Using virus surrogate bacteriophage phi6 and human coronavirus 229E for determination of viral ... Test set-up using human coronavirus 229E regarding the evaluation of interaction of the virus with textiles, filter media and ... Using virus surrogate bacteriophage phi6 and human coronavirus 229E for determination of viral reduction efficacy in air and on ... Liquid aerosols such as oil droplets endanger human health and can lead to severe lung diseases ...

https://www.edana.org/events/filtrex/filtrex-europe

... investigators analyzed the evolution and origin of seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoVs). ... Four HCoVs, NL63, 229E, HKU1, and OC43, are endemic worldwide, accounting for five to 30% of human respiratory illnesses. CoV ... Human, camel and porcine coronavirus clades have been collapsed to increase readability. Human* is a lone human CoV (FJ415324) ... Origins and Evolution of Seasonal Human Coronaviruses; James R. Otieno, Joshua L. Cherry, David J. Spiro, Martha I. Nelson, ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220608/Zoonotic-origins-of-seasonal-human-coronaviruses.aspx

But based on models and studies (including a 1980s test that squirted virus up human noses), researchers have a new endgame ... The researchers were studying another coronavirus, called 229E, that causes only a mild cold in humans. But the results of that ... That is, the world could completely wipe out the virus from the human population as it did for the first SARS coronavirus back ... Besides SARS-CoV-2, there are four other coronaviruses in widespread circulation: NL63, 229E, OC43 and HKU1. The first two have ...

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/10/29/1050465159/covids-endgame-scientists-have-a-clue-about-where-sars-cov-2-is-headed?ft=nprml&f=1050465159

Remember, SARS-CoV-2 is 1 of 7 different coronaviruses known to cause respiratory illness in humans. Four of them-229E, NL63, ... The other three human coronaviruses-which are capable of causing more serious respiratory illness-are SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and ... "Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and are the most prevalent respiratory viruses of humans," notes the study abstract. ... "Unspecified" means that the virus was of the coronavirus family but not a specific type of coronavirus, like SARS-CoV-2, which ...

https://www.theepochtimes.com/mkt_app/influenza-vaccination-linked-to-higher-covid-death-rates_3792588.html

SARS-CoV-2 is not the only respiratory coronavirus that regularly infects humans. Four others - 229E, HKU-1, OC43 and NL63 - ... Human remains found under Qld unit complex. Tightly wrapped human remains have been discovered by cleaners under a Brisbane ... Britains Prince Harry and wife Meghan have accepted a human rights award at a Ripple of Hope gala in New York where they were ... This raises the possibility that immunity generated by lifetime and/or recent exposure to these other coronaviruses might ...

https://au.news.yahoo.com/why-havent-had-covid-yet-190119724.html

SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 and was declared a ... Neurotropism of human coronavirus 229E. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;342:339-46. ... Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human ... The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 ...

https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x

This 1975 transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image shows human coronavirus 229E particles. Coronaviruses possess a helical ... The coronavirus derives its name from the fact that under electron microscopic examination, each virion is surrounded by a ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=10270

Comprehensive detection and identification of seven animal coronaviruses and human respiratory coronavirus 229E with a ... Strain 229E of Human coronavirus (HCV); Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); Canine Coronavirus and Feline ... Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63 and OC43 detected over 3 years using a ... From SARS coronavirus to novel animal and human coronaviruses. J. Thorasic Dis., 5: S103-S108.. CrossRef , PubMed , ...

https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajava.2014.164.176

HCoV-229E Spike Glycoprotein , GEN-P15423 , Gentaur Protein Type: Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) Spike glycoprotein Design ... HCoV-OC43 Spike Glycoprotein , GEN-P36334 , Gentaur Protein Type: Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) Spike Glycoprotein Design ... Biovision , Human CellExp™ SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein (Delta Plus), Recombinant , P1677Description: SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus ... The GSD NovaPrime® RNA Extraction AE1 kit is intended for the automated extraction of genomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA from human ...

https://proteomecommons.org/viral-dna-rna-extraction-kit-300-preparations-ib47403/

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has raised serious concerns worldwide, particularly for emergency clinicians. This overview ... coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are now a total of 7 coronaviruses known to infect humans:. * Human coronavirus 229E ... Prior to the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 were the only coronaviruses known to infect humans ... Riou J, Althaus CL. Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to ...

https://www.ebmedicine.net/topics/infectious-disease/COVID-19?utm_source=engagement&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=EPECE&__s=swtdbmq2kwqekzt4h2sh

We have previously shown that human coronavirus 229E (Hu-CoV-229E), a cause of the common cold, survives for more than 5 days ... We have previously shown that human coronavirus 229E survives for more than 5 days on inanimate surfaces and another laboratory ... Human coronavirus 229E remains infectious on common touch surface materials. mBio 6:e01697-15. https://mbio.asm.org/content/6/6 ... Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and a kidney cell line, VERO-E6, were supplied by Public Health England (PHE), UK. Cells were ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.02.424974v1.full

... against a human coronavirus ((Hco V-229E). Download to read the whole paper:. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11094- ... Downgrading Coronavirus I have not had a cold, flu or fever since 2004. I did this by tasting about a gram of table salt and ... I would be the first to admit to having no faith at all in any coronavirus vaccine that has been fast-tracked as a cure by any ... Coronavirus mostly resides in the lungs, mouth and nose. When one takes steam inhalation, it is better to alternate between ...

https://www.earthclinic.com/cures/coronavirus8.html

Characterization of functional domains in the human coronavirus HCV 229E receptor. Kolb, A., Maile, J., Heister, A. & Siddell, ... Conversion of [15N]ammonia into urea and amino acids in humans and the effect of nutritional status. Weijs, P. J., Calder, A. G ... Modulation of glutathione peroxidase activity in human vascular endothelial cells by fatty acids and the cytokine interleukin-1 ...

https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=false&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2018&publicationYear=2019&publicationYear=2020&publicationYear=2021&author=2ff46474-9e55-4006-96c3-20bc8c819d00&format=&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=true&page=1376

Coronavirus first emerged in the mid-1960s and there are seven different versions of the virus broken into four groups alpha, ... 229E, for example, causes symptoms like those present in the common cold according to one paper. Many of these strands are ... CORONAVIRUS. Coronavirus: 7 types of human coronavirus. Coronavirus first emerged in the mid-1960s and there are seven ... HKU1 (beta coronavirus). Other human coronaviruses. *MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory ...

https://en.as.com/en/2020/03/27/other_sports/1585319003_056685.html

Human coronavirus 229E remains infectious on common touch surface materials. MBio, 6(6), pp.e01697-15. ...

https://www.epicos.com/article/567022/3d-printed-activat3d-copper-proven-kill-sars-cov-2-virus-contact-surfaces

Four human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) are associated with a range of respiratory outcomes, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. (ed.ac.uk)
People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. (cdc.gov)
In the current work, the researchers used a multigene and whole-genome analysis technique to evaluate the evolutionary background of sHCoVs (NL63, 229E, HKU1, and OC43). (news-medical.net)
OC43 and 229E had the highest recombination rates within sHCoV, and β-CoVs had the highest recombination rate within the genus. (news-medical.net)
The authors mentioned that the sHCoVs OC43 and 229E origins might rely on the gene assessed. (news-medical.net)
OC43 could have canine, ungulate, or rabbit CoV ancestors, whereas 229E could have come from a camel, bat, or an unknown intermediate host, depending on the gene examined. (news-medical.net)
The current observations widen the list of putative OC43 origin or intermediate hosts to incorporate other rabbits, ungulates, and canines, either wild or domesticated yet always close to humans. (news-medical.net)
Four of those types (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) cause only mild or moderate upper-respiratory illness, such as the common cold. (mdanderson.org)
In the peer-review paper, which was co-authored by Dr. DeGrado and is accessible at the link below, University of Arizona and University of California-San Francisco scientists characterized the antiviral activity of Brilacidin against multiple endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and SARS-CoV-2, in human cell lines. (biospace.com)
S-20-1 could effectively inhibit infection by pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 and pseudotyped variants of concern (VOCs), including B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron), as well as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63. (nature.com)
A diagnosis with coronavirus 229E, NL63, OC43, or HKU1 is not the same as a COVID-19 diagnosis. (mmchs.org)
Influenza and the four human coronaviruses that cause common colds (OC43, 229E, NL63 and HKU1) are, of course, also endemic, but a combination of annual flu vaccines and acquired immunity means that sane societies tolerate the unavoidable seasonal deaths and illnesses they bring without requiring lockdowns, masks, social distancing, indefinite return-to-work delays, etc. (macdailynews.com)
This was in spite of the presence of different coronaviruses that could infect humans (OC43, HKU1, NL63 and 229E). (thewire.in)
Risk factors for healthcare personnel infection with endemic coronaviruses (HKU1, OC43, NL63, 229E): results from the Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT). (cdc.gov)
Most people are infected with common coronaviruses throughout their lives, but only four of them cause common cold symptoms: alpha coronavirus 229E and NL63 and beta coronavirus OC43, HKU1 (V) 1 . (bvsalud.org)

More severe disease is generally seen in infants and older adults, and one of the alpha coronaviruses (NL63) has been associated with croup in children. (cdc.gov)

The scientists hypothesized that two autonomous non-human to human transmission incidents could occur in HKU1. (news-medical.net)

Antiviral exercise occurred in a concentration-dependent method and almost certainly focused the intracellular stage of HCoV-229E an infection. (visualassembler.com)
When is Pacific oysters' antiviral exercise best in opposition to HCoV-229E an infection? (visualassembler.com)
To check this for HCoV-229E an infection, the researchers uncovered Huh-7 cells to HCoV-229E an infection the place the C. gigas hemolymph was added instantly or 1 hour after an infection. (visualassembler.com)
As a result of Huh-7 cells confirmed no modifications in antiviral exercise, the researchers counsel C. gigas hemolymph exerts its results throughout an intracellular stage of HCoV-229E an infection. (visualassembler.com)
Moreover, different analysis on this discipline has confirmed the presence of antiviral compounds throughout an intracellular stage of HCoV-229E an infection. (visualassembler.com)
A history of smoking may lead to a more severe coronavirus infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
However, concerns remain as zoonotic transmission is highly suspected for this new coronavirus infection as well. (who.int)
As the two confirmed cases with this coronavirus infection occurred about three months apart and as there is currently no evidence of a direct epidemiological link between the two cases, the global health risk associated with this new virus is gradually easing. (who.int)
As the new coronavirus infection originated in Saudi Arabia where all these Muslim pilgrims are assembling, the concern over the possibility of an outbreak during Hajj should not be taken lightly, particularly as nothing is yet known about the severity and transmissibility of this virus in mass gatherings situations. (who.int)
A study published in the Jan. 10, 2020, issue of the journal Vaccine found people were more likely to get some form of coronavirus infection if they had been vaccinated against influenza. (theepochtimes.com)
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia. (eurosurveillance.org)
It could also inhibit infection of a pseudotyped SARS-related coronavirus WIV1 (SARSr-CoV-WIV1) from bats. (nature.com)
A systematic understanding of host factors influencing viral infection is critical to elucidate SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and the progression of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (stanford.edu)
This allows establishing Nursing actions for the care of adults with chronic conditions and pulmonary infection related to coronavirus. (bvsalud.org)
Nursing care for people with chronic diseases and pulmonary infection by coronavirus: An integrative review. (bvsalud.org)
AQUICHAN - ISSN 1657-5997 - eISSN 2027-5374 chronic non-communicable diseases with respiratory infection by viruses of the coronavirus family, from 2010 to 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Top scoring genes were further validated and assessed in the context of MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E infection as well as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. (unibe.ch)
2-7 Although SARS has not re-appeared, sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses continue to occur. (who.int)
Such laboratory capacity would provide early warning to Vietnamese public health authorities of an outbreak of infection of importance to human health, knowledge of which could be passed on to other countries in the region, including Australia. (who.int)
The genomic sequences from nine patients who were among the first cases of this serious infection (COVID-19) are almost genetically identical, which suggests the very recent appearance of this Coronavirus in humans 3 . (bvsalud.org)
Underlying health conditions prior to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can contribute to a high risk for long COVID. (medscape.com)

To date, there have been very few mutations observed," molecular biologist Peter Thielen at Johns Hopkins University told NPR in June 2020 for a story with the headline: "This Coronavirus Doesn't Change Quickly, And That's Good News For Vaccine Makers. (npr.org)
While this would make SARS-CoV-2 the least deadly of the 3 most pathogenic human coronaviruses, its relative virulence has shown an ability to overwhelm even relatively advanced health infrastructures, as noted by a current case fatality rate in Italy of 8.37% as of March 18, 2020. (ebmedicine.net)
Studies of the virus have shown that bleach kills coronavirus on surfaces in about five minutes, and isopropyl alcohol destroys it on surfaces even faster, Bill Bryan, a senior official at the US Department of Homeland Security, told reporters Thursday 4/23/2020. (earthclinic.com)
This pathogen has spread rapidly, exhibiting tremendous morbidity and mortality to such an extent that the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. (hindawi.com)
The 2020 award ceremony was delayed one year due to the coronavirus pandemic. (biospace.com)
Literature, National Library of Medicine e Scopus, del 15 al 30 de marzo del 2020, en portugués, inglés y español, con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo en adultos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles con infección respiratoria por virus de la familia del coronavírus, del 2010 al 2020. (bvsalud.org)
CoV infections can cause everything from a common cold to severe respiratory syndromes, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV).COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) is a new variant of the coronavirus, and its isolation occurred in China on January 7th, 2020. (bvsalud.org)

kills up to 95% of human coronavirus (229E - alpha coronavirus) after 30 minutes as well as up to 99.9% E. coli and staph bacteria. (globenewswire.com)

In order to prevent spread of the endemic pathogens bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) between herds, knowledge of indirect transmission by personnel and fomites is fundamental. (biomedcentral.com)
They are sometimes referred to as the common cold or endemic or seasonal coronaviruses. (cdc.gov)
Resveratrol also significantly reduced the replication of monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus that is endemic in Western and Central Africa and causes human mortality. (researchgate.net)

Generally, coronaviruses displayed marked winter seasonality between the months of December and April and were not detected in summer months, which is comparable to the pattern seen with influenza viruses. (ed.ac.uk)
A total of 11 to 41% of coronaviruses detected were in samples testing positive for other respiratory viruses, although clinical presentations of coronavirus monoinfections were comparable to those of viruses which have an established role in respiratory disease, such as respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses. (ed.ac.uk)
HCoV-229E is a coronavirus pressure and is among the viruses accountable for the widespread chilly. (visualassembler.com)
Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and are the most prevalent respiratory viruses of humans," notes the study abstract . (theepochtimes.com)
Coronaviruses are positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses causing a broad spectrum of diseases in domestic and wild animals including poultry and rodents. (scialert.net)
Coronaviruses are ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, domestic and wild animals, poultry and rodents. (scialert.net)
Some of the animal viruses like Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Bovine coronavirus (BCV), Avian infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) are of high veterinary significance. (scialert.net)
Coronaviruses, positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses with helical nucleocapsids, are the members of the Coronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family, order Nidovirales. (scialert.net)
Human coronaviruses are a family of viruses that are found throughout the world. (mdanderson.org)
The SARS-related coronavirus was one of several viruses identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 as a likely cause of a future epidemic in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development before and during an epidemic towards diagnostic tests , vaccines and medicines . (wikizero.com)
Coronavirus is a family of viruses that typically causes the common cold and upper respiratory symptoms. (epmonthly.com)
However, as related viruses like human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human coronavirus 229E remain infective for several hours on contaminated surfaces like countertops and surgical gloves [ 10 , 11 ], there is a potential for indirect transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr Tyrrell's team realised a few other viruses had the same pattern on their surfaces, and decided to call them coronaviruses. (thewire.in)
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that use RNA as their genetic material, instead of DNA, the genetic material of nearly all organisms on Earth. (thewire.in)
And of all RNA viruses, coronaviruses have some of the largest genomes . (thewire.in)
Different coronaviruses use different receptors, but the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses both use the same protein, called angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (thewire.in)
Any cell that makes the ACE2 protein - including all cells of the human respiratory tract - can be infected by both the viruses. (thewire.in)
The evolution of new respiratory viruses, and the re-emergence of historic virulent strains, poses a significant threat to human health. (vitalitymagazine.com)
Coronaviruses (CoV) make up a large family of viruses, known since the mid-1960s, which received this name due to the spikes on its surface, which resemble a crown (from the Latin corona). (bvsalud.org)
Coronavirus is a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections, being SARS-CoV2 the seventh coronavirus in this family. (bvsalud.org)

In addition to the neurobiology of COVID-19 and typical deliriogenic factors omnipresent in the ICU, this pandemic has created circumstances of extreme isolation and distancing from human contact whenever possible, including loved ones, plus the inability to freely ambulate, which essentially create a "delirium factory" that must be explicitly addressed to maximize human dignity and respect during care. (biomedcentral.com)
That was a harbinger of what was to come regarding the potential of mutating coronavirus and the effect it could have on the world as we are currently seeing during the current pandemic. (as.com)
There are many variations of coronaviruses (listed below) so, not to confuse anyone on what it is we are talking about, we use COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, which is the pandemic we are dealing with globally. (tampafp.com)
The coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic is thought to have originated in bats. (thewire.in)
But in spite of all that we know today about coronaviruses, some questions are still hard to answer, such as what course the current pandemic will take and if there will be future outbreaks of the same virus. (thewire.in)
Laboratory capacity is needed in central Viet Nam to provide early warning to public health authorities of respiratory outbreaks of importance to human health, for example the outbreak of influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in 2009. (who.int)

In California, molecular testing was useful in decreasing suspicion for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), by detecting common respiratory pathogens (influenza A/B, human metapneumovirus, picornavirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Chlamydia spp. (cdc.gov)

The genetic sequence data now indicate that this new virus is a beta-coronavirus similar to bat coronaviruses, but not similar to any other coronavirus previously described in humans, including the coronavirus that caused SARS in 2003 [5]. (who.int)

Human coronaviruses (hCoV) were first detected in the late 1960s and four strains are known to be distributed globally and infect humans causing the common cold. (who.int)
In rare instances, a coronavirus that originates in animals may evolve or "jump species" to infect humans. (mdanderson.org)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ( SARSr-CoV or SARS-CoV ) [note 1] is a species of virus consisting of many known strains phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) that have been shown to possess the capability to infect humans , bats , and certain other mammals . (wikizero.com)

camel flu' [1] ) er en viral [note 1] luftvejsinfektion forårsaget af MERS-CoV , MERS-coronavirus. (wikipedia.org)
MERS-CoV er en coronavirus , der antages at stamme fra flagermus . (wikipedia.org)
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Egypt to determine the prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in imported and resident camels and bats, as well as to assess possible transmission of the virus to domestic ruminants and equines. (eurosurveillance.org)
MERS-CoV Antibodies in Humans, Africa, 2013-2014. (eurosurveillance.org)
Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels, United Arab Emirates, 2003 and 2013. (eurosurveillance.org)
But all of this changed when the coronaviruses that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) emerged in 2002 and 2012, respectively. (thewire.in)
The MERS virus was found to have jumped from camels to humans. (thewire.in)
Animal coronaviruses that host-jump to humans, such as SARS and MERS, result in severe infections with high mortality. (vitalitymagazine.com)
There are other types of human coronaviruses, including the Middle East respiratory syndrome (or MERS) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (or SARS), and of course COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
All four common human coronaviruses, like you say, generally cause less severe disease than the types of coronaviruses that cause MERS, SARS, and COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
Over the past 20 years, 3 highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have emerged-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and, most recently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-demonstrating that coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a serious threat to human health and highlighting the importance of developing effective therapies against them. (unibe.ch)
Herein, we conducted 2 independent genome-wide CRISPR/Cas-9 knockout (KO) screens to identify MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E host dependency factors (HDFs) required for HCoV replication in the human Huh7 cell line. (unibe.ch)

Clinical symptoms caused by this new human coronavirus also match the clinical picture of acute primary viral pneumonia that was seen in many patients suffering from SARS. (who.int)
The coronavirus derives its name from the fact that under electron microscopic examination, each virion is surrounded by a corona, or halo, due to the presence of viral spike peplomers emanating from its proteinaceous envelope. (cdc.gov)
Coronaviruses earn their name from the characteristic crown-like viral particles (virions) that dot their surface. (ebmedicine.net)
Brilacidin was shown to exert a dual-acting antiviral mechanism of action, able to target coronaviruses directly and bind to host cell surfaces to prevent viral entry. (biospace.com)
The aims of the study were to determine the duration of viral RNA carriage and the infectivity of viral particles on fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to BCoV and BRSV. (biomedcentral.com)
The complementary viral protein of coronaviruses is called the spike protein, visible as the pillar-like projections on the virus's surface. (thewire.in)
Chinese researchers isolated the virus and three days later shared data from the viral genome internationally, calling it a new Coronavirus 2 . (bvsalud.org)

Two cases of severe respiratory illness associated with a new human coronavirus have recently raised a global health alert. (who.int)
The SARS-CoV was zoonotic in origin and its emergence was a stark reminder that any newly emerging zoonotic coronaviruses has the potential to transmit from person to person, especially in healthcare settings, and to cause severe human illnesses. (who.int)
COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in China in December 2019 1 and has since transmitted rapidly around the world, currently responsible for 83 million reported cases and over 1.8 million deaths 2 . (biorxiv.org)
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged virus that first appeared in December 2019. (hindawi.com)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (biomedcentral.com)
Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), which caused the 2002-2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 . (wikizero.com)
SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. (cdc.gov)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a range of symptoms in infected individuals, from mild respiratory illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome. (stanford.edu)
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a positive-stranded RNA virus, similar to other coronaviruses. (medscape.com)
In Viet Nam, human infections with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus have occurred since 2003 1 and cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in 2004. (who.int)
Compared to adults, children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have predominantly mild or asymptomatic infections, but the underlying immunological differences remain unclear. (nature.com)

New analysis printed within the preprint bioRxiv * server discovered that Pacific oysters have antiviral exercise in opposition to the human coronavirus HCoV-229E. (visualassembler.com)
Examine: Antiviral exercise of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hemolymph in opposition to a human coronavirus. (visualassembler.com)
The findings might assist with producing antiviral methods in opposition to coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV-2. (visualassembler.com)
Huh-7 cells in 10% C. gigas hemolymph have been discovered to point out antiviral exercise when uncovered to HCoV-229E. (visualassembler.com)
An eight-fold discount was discovered within the HCoV-229E titer, indicating an 87.5% antiviral exercise. (visualassembler.com)

The Coronavirus genome RNA molecule is 26 to 32 kb in size. (scialert.net)
Coronaviruses possess a helical genome composed of positive-sense single-stranded RNA ((+) ssRNA). (cdc.gov)
[20] SARSr-CoV is similar to other coronaviruses in that its genome expression starts with translation by the host cell's ribosomes of its initial two large overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), 1a and 1b, both of which produce polyproteins . (wikizero.com)
Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knockout and activation screens in human lung epithelial cells with endogenous expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2. (stanford.edu)
A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies interactors of the autophagy pathway as conserved coronavirus targets. (unibe.ch)

The virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is not the same as the coronaviruses that commonly circulate among humans and cause mild illness, like the common cold. (mmchs.org)

Human coronaviruses were first identified in the mid-1960s. (cdc.gov)

We show that human rhinovirus triggers an interferon response that blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication. (theepochtimes.com)

A) Phylogeny of coronaviruses (CoVs) in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (RdRp, 817-bp fragment) with root point dates derived from Bayesian inference under a relaxed lognormal molecular clock assumption with a codon-based substitution model (SRD06) and an assumption of expansion growth of the virus population. (cdc.gov)
In orange is a lone human CoV (FJ415324) that clusters with ungulate and canine CoVs. (news-medical.net)
On the contrary, autonomous transmissions of CoVs from bats to humans and camelids seemed to be more probable. (news-medical.net)

While human-to-human transmission is important, infections can be contracted by touching surfaces contaminated by respiratory droplets from infected individuals, or hand touching, leading to a wider and more rapid spread. (vitalitymagazine.com)
A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in humans. (bvsalud.org)
Objective: To identify the implications, for Nursing, of pulmonary infections by coronavirus in people with chronic non-communicable diseases and to propose actions for care. (bvsalud.org)
coronavirus infections. (bvsalud.org)
Melisa Shah] Generally, the common human coronaviruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections. (cdc.gov)
Melisa Shah] Human coronaviruses occur primarily in the winter in temperate climates, although infections can occur at any time of year. (cdc.gov)
For example, there's a study from Michigan that spanned eight seasons indicating that only 2.5% of infections with common human coronaviruses being identified between June and September. (cdc.gov)
BEIJING (Reuters) -China on Sunday reported its highest number of new COVID-19 infections in six months, a day after health officials said they were sticking with strict coronavirus curbs, likely disappointing recent investor hopes for an easing. (medscape.com)

Test results showed reduction of 99.99% of airborne Human CoronaVirus 229E, 99.99% of airborne Influenza A H1N1 Virus, 97.03% of airborne Aspergillus Niger (Black Mold), and 99.98% of airborne Staphylococcus Albus (bacteria). (greatvacs.com)
In the late 20th century and after, coronaviruses have been of relatively little interest to the scientific community because scientists were paying more attention to influenza and HIV. (thewire.in)

The researchers took a liquid packed with coronavirus particles and intentionally tried to make 15 volunteers sick. (npr.org)
By electron microscopy (negative staining) Coronavirus like particles can be identified in fecal samples. (scialert.net)
This 1975 transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image shows human coronavirus 229E particles. (cdc.gov)

Whereas the extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rampaging worldwide, the researchers purposefully chosen HCoV-229E for the research as a result of it may be dealt with safely in laboratories, making it extra accessible for coronavirus analysis. (visualassembler.com)
For den virus der forsager den,, se Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus . (wikipedia.org)

SARS was also caused by a new virus (SARS-CoV) which belongs to the same family Coronoviridae as that of this recently discovered strain of human coronavirus. (who.int)

229E, for example, causes symptoms like those present in the common cold according to one paper . (as.com)
The first cultured human coronavirus (B814) was obtained from a boy with a typical common cold in 1965 and research and studies from that point on continued to find the virus mutating and appearing in different forms with various, but often similar, symptoms such as nasal congestion, fever and coughing. (as.com)
Don't rely on an absence of typical symptoms to rule out coronavirus. (epmonthly.com)
A closely-related human coronavirus, called 229E, produces a range of respiratory symptoms (from the common cold to more lethal outcomes such as pneumonia) and can survive on surface materials including ceramic tiles, glass, rubber, and stainless steel for at least five days. (vitalitymagazine.com)

A report of family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. (greenmedinfo.com)
Now, this coronavirus injected up the volunteers' noses wasn't SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19, Lavine is quick to point out. (npr.org)
Rest assured, it is not the same type of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, that is spreading around the world. (mdanderson.org)
John's Hopkins offers an incredible Q&A on coronaviruses for readers to understand more about coronaviruses in general and particularly COVID-19. (tampafp.com)
Patients with COVID-19 will be evaluated and cared for differently than patients with common coronavirus diagnosis. (mmchs.org)
MMC has established a Coronavirus Response Team which has taken the lead in the preparation process should COVID-19 cases be in our area. (mmchs.org)
Apple should have been diversifying production long ago to minimize risk, not to mention China's human rights abuses, authoritarian censorship, and myriad other concerns, including "COVID" lockdowns whose real reason for existence is to remind China's subjugated citizenry who's boss. (macdailynews.com)
Everyone's talking about - and wondering about - Coronavirus (COVID-19). (epmonthly.com)
A small percentage of COVID patients have conjunctivitis as a presenting symptom and coronavirus has been isolated in human tears. (epmonthly.com)
Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus Resource Center . (medscape.com)
Please see Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for continuously updated clinical guidance concerning COVID-19 and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Investigational Drugs and Other Therapies for updated drug information. (medscape.com)
Melisa Shah] SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, has placed a lot more attention on the common human coronaviruses. (cdc.gov)
All human beings are susceptible to host this virus, however, those with comorbidities, chronic diseases and older than 60 years are more easily affected by the severity of the disease COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, we aim to describe key topics of COVID-19: The new Coronavirus(SARS-CoV2) and its advances in the world population. (bvsalud.org)
On January 7th with COVID-19 being the seventh coronavirus in this family. (bvsalud.org)
An 18-year-old Asian woman presents to her general practitioner via telemedicine Tuesday morning, with a positive result on a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) antigen test as well as a fever, headache, malaise, muscle pain and some shortness of breath when she walks to the bathroom. (medscape.com)

In addition, AeraMax Pro air purifiers reached 99.99% airborne reduction of a surrogate Human Coronavirus 229E in a 20m 3 test chamber within 1 hour of operation in a separate test. (fellowes.com)

But based on models and studies (including a 1980s test that squirted virus up human noses), researchers have a new endgame thesis. (npr.org)
That is, the world could completely wipe out the virus from the human population as it did for the first SARS coronavirus back in 2003. (npr.org)
Humans are infected by 4 to 5 different strains of the virus that are currently known. (scialert.net)
Coronavirus first emerged in the mid-1960s and there are seven different versions of the virus broken into four groups: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. (as.com)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected only among children under 5 years old in August and September while coronavirus was present in all age groups, during the months of October and December. (biomedcentral.com)
The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus . (wikizero.com)
The results indicate that human nasal mucosa can carry both BCoV and BRSV RNA after exposure to virus shedding calves, but the carriage seems short-lived and the transmission potential is likely limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) are contagious pathogens detrimentally affecting production and animal welfare in the cattle industry. (biomedcentral.com)
Human nasal mucosa might also be a vector for inter-herd virus transmission, as traffic of personnel between herds is common. (biomedcentral.com)
Mumps virus (MuV) causes a highly contagious human disease characterized by the enlargement of the parotid glands. (stanford.edu)
One hurdle in developing a new mumps vaccine against circulating genotype G virus is whether the new genotype G vaccine can generate immunity in humans that are immunized against genotype A virus. (stanford.edu)
Analysis of Minor Populations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Primer Identification and Insertion-Deletion and Carry Forward Correction Pipelines. (cdc.gov)
The virus showed 85% shared identity with the bat SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV), raising the possibility of animal-to-human transmission. (medscape.com)
Similar conclusions were drawn from a 2015 study on human coronavirus 229E, which showed that the virus rapidly broke down on a range of copper alloys including Cu/Zn brasses. (logically.ai)
While the studies suggest that copper reduces the survival duration of the virus, they do not explicitly indicate that copper kills the coronavirus. (logically.ai)
Importantly, inhibition of the immunophilin protein family with the compounds cyclosporine A, and the nonimmunosuppressive derivative alisporivir, resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of CoV replication in primary human nasal epithelial cell cultures, which recapitulate the natural site of virus replication. (unibe.ch)

The GSD NovaPrime® RNA Extraction AE1 kit is intended for the automated extraction of genomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA from human respiratory (nasal wash/swab, nasopharyngeal wash/swab, oropharyngeal swab). (proteomecommons.org)
The team found increased AHR signaling in human cells infected with multiple coronaviruses as well as in nasal swabs and lung cells from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. (broadinstitute.org)
For BCoV, 46% ( n = 80) of the swabs from human nasal mucosa collected 30 min after exposure were positive by RT-qPCR. (biomedcentral.com)
For BRSV, 35% ( n = 26) of the human nasal mucosa swabs collected 30 min after exposure, were positive by RT-ddPCR, but none were positive for infective virions. (biomedcentral.com)

The researchers were studying another coronavirus, called 229E, that causes only a mild cold in humans. (npr.org)
In general, coronaviruses are named for their crown-like spikes on their surface, and the common human coronaviruses cause mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness (like the common cold). (cdc.gov)

This article is about a species of coronavirus comprising multiple strains. (wikizero.com)
[16] Only recently have strains of SARS-related coronavirus been observed to have evolved into having been able to make the cross-species jump from bats to humans, as in the case of the strains SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 . (wikizero.com)
[17] [4] Both of these strains descended from a single ancestor but made the cross-species jump into humans separately. (wikizero.com)

non-human and sHCoV (black arrows), within sHCoV species (blue arrows), and between sHCoV species (green arrows). (news-medical.net)
They infect and produce disease in multiple species of animals, human beings (group 1 and 2) and birds (group 3). (scialert.net)
Bats serve as the main host reservoir species for the SARS-related coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. (wikizero.com)
Scientists suspect it jumped the species barrier twice - from bats to civet cats, and then from civet cats to humans. (thewire.in)
However, scientists don't yet know if the cross-species jump happened directly from bats to humans or if there was an intermediate mammal. (thewire.in)

The receptor-binding domain (RBD) in S1 subunit and heptad repeat 1 (HR1) domain in S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein are the targets of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and pan-coronavirus (CoV) fusion inhibitory peptides, respectively. (nature.com)

Available data to date also do not support any human-to-human transmission of this new coronavirus. (who.int)
The main route of human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is by having close contact to infected persons: Respiratory droplets generated by sneezing and coughing of an infected person are inhaled by others, so that they get subsequently infected. (hielscher.com)
This validates ongoing human-to-human transmission, likely occurring via respiratory droplets. (medscape.com)
The transmission of the coronavirus occurs between humans, and it can occur from person to person through the air, through coughing or sneezing, by touching or shaking hands or by contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, followed by contact with the mouth, nose or eyes. (bvsalud.org)

We have previously shown that human coronavirus 229E survives for more than 5 days on inanimate surfaces and another laboratory reproduced this for SARS-CoV-2 this year. (biorxiv.org)
However, we showed rapid inactivation of Hu-CoV-229E within 10 minutes on different copper surfaces while the other laboratory indicated this took 4 hours for SARS-CoV-2. (biorxiv.org)
We have repeated our work with SARS-CoV-2 and can confirm that this coronavirus can be inactivated on copper surfaces in as little as 1 minute. (biorxiv.org)
We have previously shown that human coronavirus 229E (Hu-CoV-229E), a cause of the common cold, survives for more than 5 days on inanimate surfaces such as metals, plastics and glass 4 , and another laboratory reproduced this for SARS-CoV-2 this year 5 . (biorxiv.org)
On surfaces made of copper or a range of alloys that include copper, the coronavirus was inactivated within a few minutes. (vitalitymagazine.com)

Human, camel and porcine coronavirus clades have been collapsed to increase readability. (news-medical.net)

SARS-related coronavirus is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus (group 2) and monotypic of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (subgroup B). [12] Sarbecoviruses, unlike embecoviruses or alphacoronaviruses , have only one papain-like proteinase ( PLpro ) instead of two in the open reading frame ORF1ab . (wikizero.com)

Maximum clade credibility (MCC) trees inferred from dataset D5 for full genomes (WGS), and the spike, nucleocapsid, membrane and envelope proteins, with the branches color-coded by the inferred coronavirus host. (news-medical.net)
The coronaviruses are named so because they are distinguished by the high density of spike proteins. (thewire.in)
However, recent studies have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds more strongly to the human ACE2 protein than the SARS-CoV spike protein. (thewire.in)
Additionally, the new virus's spike also has a target site for another human protein called furin, which is made in nearly all cells of the body. (thewire.in)

Sarah Gregory] Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, coronaviruses obviously are getting a lot more attention these days. (cdc.gov)

Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of AHR in human cells interfered with replication of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E, a coronavirus associated with the common cold. (broadinstitute.org)

Demonstration of Coronavirus antigens in clinical samples is test of choice for diagnosis. (scialert.net)
WAKEFIELD, MA / ACCESSWIRE / March 15, 2022 / Innovation Pharmaceuticals (OTCQB:IPIX) ("the Company"), a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced publication of a peer-review scientific article in the Journal of Medical Virology on the anti-coronavirus properties of Brilacidin. (biospace.com)

Previous research suggests that the salivary glands and throat are major sources of coronavirus replication. (medscape.com)

We'll be discussing the seasonality of common human coronaviruses in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Sarah Gregory] You focused (in your article) on the seasonality of common human coronaviruses in the US from 2014 to 2021. (cdc.gov)

Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on Human Skin. (cdc.gov)

Especie del género CORONAVIRUS que causa el resfriado común y posiblemente infecciones en el sistema nervioso en humanos. (bvsalud.org)
Objetivo: identificar las implicaciones para la enfermería de las infecciones pulmonares por coronavirus en personas con enferme- dades crónicas no transmisibles y plantear acciones para el cuidado. (bvsalud.org)

Poxviruses continue to cause serious diseases even after eradication of the historically deadly infectious human disease, smallpox. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy6

Organisms35

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes31

Information Science5

Health Care2

Geographicals4

Persistent infection of human oligodendrocytic and neuroglial cell lines by human coronavirus 229E. (1/83)

A human RNA viral cysteine proteinase that depends upon a unique Zn2+-binding finger connecting the two domains of a papain-like fold . (2/83)

The human coronavirus 229E superfamily 1 helicase has RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5'-to-3' polarity. (3/83)

Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. (4/83)

Human coronavirus 229E infects polarized airway epithelia from the apical surface. (5/83)

Infectious RNA transcribed in vitro from a cDNA copy of the human coronavirus genome cloned in vaccinia virus. (6/83)

Viral replicase gene products suffice for coronavirus discontinuous transcription. (7/83)

The autocatalytic release of a putative RNA virus transcription factor from its polyprotein precursor involves two paralogous papain-like proteases that cleave the same peptide bond. (8/83)

Coronavirus

Coronavirus Infections

Coronavirus 229E, Human

Coronavirus, Bovine

Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

SARS Virus

Coronavirus OC43, Human

Coronavirus, Feline

Coronaviridae

Coronavirus, Canine

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Coronaviridae Infections

Murine hepatitis virus

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Infectious bronchitis virus

Coronavirus NL63, Human

Nucleocapsid Proteins

Coronavirus, Rat

Coronavirus, Turkey

Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus

Viral Envelope Proteins

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Vero Cells

RNA, Viral

Molecular Sequence Data

Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine

Membrane Glycoproteins

Cercopithecus aethiops

Virus Replication

Genome, Viral

Antibodies, Viral

Receptors, Virus

Viral Proteins

Viverridae

Cell Line

Amino Acid Sequence

RNA Replicase

Respiratory Tract Infections

Base Sequence

Enteritis, Transmissible, of Turkeys

Viral Matrix Proteins

Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Antigens, CD13

Nucleocapsid

Viral Vaccines

Open Reading Frames

Neutralization Tests

Cats

Middle East

Communicable Diseases, Emerging

Defective Viruses

Cysteine Endopeptidases

Virus Internalization

Hepatitis, Viral, Animal

Chiroptera

Chronology as Topic

Antigens, Viral

Dysentery

Phylogeny

Genes, Viral

Virus Assembly

Virion

Central Nervous System Viral Diseases

Polyproteins

Nidovirales

Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A

Saudi Arabia

Swine

Viral Tropism

Virus Attachment

Cat Diseases

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Viral Structural Proteins

Cattle Diseases

Hemagglutinins, Viral

Cattle

Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Camels

Sequence Analysis, DNA