Coronaviridae
Nidovirales
SARS Virus
Marburg Virus Disease
Marburgvirus
Encyclopedias as Topic
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
In situ hybridization for the detection and localization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the intestinal tissues from naturally infected piglets. (1/118)
Detection and localization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was studied by in situ hybridization with a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled probe in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 10 naturally infected piglets. A 377-base pair cDNA probe for viral RNA encoding the membrane proteins of PEDV cell-culture-adapted strain V215/78 was generated by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the retrospective study of pigs from herds with diarrhea, the 10 piglets naturally infected with PEDV had positive signals for PEDV by in situ hybridization. When intestinal tissues were hybridized with the PEDV probe, a strong signal was seen in the villus enterocytes of jejunum and ileum but not in the cecum and colon. Positive cells typically had dark brown reaction products in the cytoplasm. Scattered epithelial cells along the ileal Peyer's patches dome areas contained viral RNA. In one piglet, hybridization signal was also found in the duodenum. PEDV was not demonstrated in tissues outside of the intestinal tract. These findings indicate that jejunal and ileal villus enterocytes are the main target of PEDV replication during epizootic outbreaks of the disease. (+info)Viremia-associated ana-aki-byo, a new viral disease in color carp Cyprinus carpio in Japan. (2/118)
A new virus disease that displays dermal ulceration and high mortality has been occurring since 1996 in color carp Cyprinus carpio reared in warm water in Japan. In histological examinations, initial erosive lesions displayed necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrin deposition in the dermal loose connective tissue and were accompanied by the partial destruction of the epidermis. Developed ulcerative lesions involved the lateral musculature with bacterial invasions. In visceral organs, necrotic cells were observed in the hematopoietic tissue, the spleen and the intestinal tissues as well as in cardiac muscle fibers which showed no signs of bacterial invasion. Electron microscopy revealed corona-like virus particles in these necrotic cells. The necrotic cells of the hematopoietic tissue and the spleen were accompanied by the formation of tubular structures and crystalline inclusions. The putative virus was isolated and cultured in epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Carp experimentally inoculated with the cultured virus showed virus transmission, and the same pathological signs of the disease and mortalities as in natural infections. (+info)The effects of coronavirus on human nasal ciliated respiratory epithelium. (3/118)
Human coronavirus (HCoV) accounts for 15-30% of common colds, but only one case report has described the effect of a coronavirus infection, that was asymptomatic, on human respiratory epithelium. The authors examined the effects of infection with HCoV on ciliary structure and function in healthy volunteers infected by intranasal inoculation with HCoV 229E. A further four volunteers were sham infected with ultraviolet-inactivated virus. Immediately before inoculation (day 0) and 3 days later (day 3), ciliated epithelium was obtained by brushing the inferior nasal turbinate. Ciliary beat frequency was determined and beat pattern analysed for evidence of dyskinesia (0=normal, 3=severely dyskinetic) using digital high-speed video photography. Ciliary ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Symptom diaries were kept for the duration of the study. All subjects inoculated with HCoV, including the three who did not develop symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection, had disruption of their respiratory epithelium on day 3. Although there was no difference in the mean ciliary beat frequency between day 0 (11.3 Hz (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.6-14.0) and day 3 (9.4 Hz (95% CI 7.2-11.6)), there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the ciliary dyskinesia score between day 0 (0.2 (95% CI 0-0.5)) and day 3 (1.1 (95% CI 0.5-1.7). In sham-infected subjects, no differences in epithelial integrity, or ciliary structure and function were found between day 0 and day 3. Inoculation of healthy volunteers with human coronavirus caused disruption of the ciliated epithelium and ciliary dyskinesia. This is likely to impair mucociliary clearance. Damage to the respiratory epithelium, due to human coronavirus infection, may occur without overt clinical symptoms. (+info)Monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues. (4/118)
An immunohistochemistry technique was developed for the diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The technique was tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues from piglets naturally infected with PEDV. Five different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were tested in this study. PEDV antigen was consistently detected in the PLP (4% paraformaldehyde, 100 mM L-lysine dihydrochloride, 10 mM sodium m-periodate in phosphate-buffered saline)-fixed PEDV-infected Vero cells or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues from piglets naturally infected with PEDV. The C9-2-2 MAb gave the strongest reactivity and least background staining, detecting 10 of 10 infected pigs. The positive reaction was cytoplasmic. Positive enterocytes were distributed over the tip and along the sides of atrophied or fused villi in the jejunum and ileum. Positive-staining cells were not detected in the crypts. No staining was observed in cecum and colon. No positive cells were observed when the C9-2-2 MAb was reacted with the tissue sections from noninfected piglets or from transmissible gastroenteritus virus (TGEV)- and rotavirus-infected piglets. The selected anti-PEDV MAbs tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections are useful for diagnosis when virus isolation is not available. This method would be of particular value in countries where both PEDV and TGEV are epizootic and would aid in differentiating between PEDV and TGEV infection. (+info)Redistribution and reduction of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein during ocular coronavirus infection. (5/118)
Inoculation of the neurotropic coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM intravitreally or into the anterior chamber causes acute infection of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina. Weeks later, many retinas have foci of moderate to severe atrophy. The effect of coronavirus infection (after intravitreal inoculation) was examined on interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), the glycolipoprotein in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) thought to transport retinoids between the photoreceptors and the RPE. Changes in IRBP distribution accompanied virus-associated retinal pathology, including photoreceptor loss and RPE abnormalities. Immunohistochemistry on days 3 and 6 showed that IRBP had diffused into the neural retina away from the IPM. The IRBP became localized abnormally in the same areas as virus-induced lesions, shown by staining adjacent sections with a monoclonal antibody specific for the viral nucleocapsid protein. Moreover, the level of IRBP in isolated retinas, measured in an immunoslot-blot assay, decreased significantly by day 3 and remained low through day 23. This decrease was confirmed in eyecups isolated on day 6. It may be caused in part by loss of photoreceptors and diffusion of IRBP through the retina into the vitreous. These studies show that a virus may induce an acute, limited infection in the retina that can be cleared by the host. However, the infection initiated a series of events resulting in long-term reduction and redistribution of a critical photoreceptor protein. (+info)Epithelia-damaging virus infections affect vitamin A status in chickens. (6/118)
The effect of infection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and reovirus (RV) on vitamin A status was investigated in chickens with a normal or marginal intake of vitamin A. At the age of 4 wk, chickens were infected with either IBV or RV, primarily affecting the respiratory or intestinal tract, respectively. Both viruses lowered plasma retinol levels significantly. The effect was more pronounced in chickens fed a diet marginally deficient in vitamin A than in those fed a diet adequate in vitamin A. Concentrations of retinol-binding protein, transthyretin and albumin in RV-infected chickens were also significantly lower than in noninfected chickens fed the same diets; in chickens infected with IBV, there was no effect. These results suggest that the reduced vitamin A status of IBV-infected chickens could be attributed to increased rate of utilization by tissues. In RV infection, this mechanism could be involved but impaired absorption of nutrients (including vitamin A) and direct loss of nutrients via the intestinal tract could also be important. (+info)Seroconversion of pigs in contact with dogs exposed to canine coronavirus. (7/118)
In order to determine if canine coronavirus (CCV) could be transmitted to pigs, two dogs were inoculated orally with virulent CCV. After 24 h, the dogs were moved to an isolation room that contained three three-day-old pigs. A wire mesh fence, allowing close contact between the animals, separated the dogs from the pigs. The dogs and pigs were observed for 14 days for clinical signs of disease. Samples of blood were obtained from dogs and pigs immediately before the dogs were inoculated with virus and 14 and 28 days later. The dogs developed mild clinical signs of an infection, but the pigs remained normal throughout the observation period. The dogs shed CCV for eight days after exposure. All three pigs developed neutralizing antibodies against CCV and transmissible gastroenteritis virus by 14 days after they were exposed to the dogs. (+info)Bovine coronavirus uses N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid as a receptor determinant to initiate the infection of cultured cells. (8/118)
The importance of N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) as a receptor determinant for bovine coronavirus (BCV) on cultured cells was analysed. Pretreatment of MDCK I (Madin Darby canine kidney) cells with neuraminidase or acetylesterase rendered the cells resistant to infection by BCV. The receptors on a human (CaCo-2) and a porcine (LLC-PK1) epithelial cell line were also found to be sensitive to neuraminidase treatment. The susceptibility to infection by BCV was restored after resialylation of asialo-MDCK I cells with Neu5,9Ac2. Transfer of sialic acid lacking a 9-O-acetyl group was ineffective in this respect. These results demonstrate that 9-O-acetylated sialic acid is used as a receptor determinant by BCV to infect cultured cells. The possibility is discussed that the initiation of a BCV infection involves the recognition of different types of receptors, a first receptor for primary attachment and a second receptor to mediate the fusion between the viral envelope and the cellular membrane. (+info)Coronaviridae is a family of enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that cause various diseases in animals and humans. Human coronavirus infections most commonly result in mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illnesses, such as the common cold. However, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged in the past two decades: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). These viruses can cause severe and potentially fatal respiratory illnesses.
In general, coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. In some cases, people may become infected by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes. Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and practicing good respiratory etiquette (e.g., covering coughs and sneezes).
Treatment for coronavirus infections is primarily supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and managing complications. For severe cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, antiviral medications and supportive care in an intensive care unit may be necessary. Vaccines have been developed to protect against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and are being distributed globally.
Coronaviridae is a family of enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. They are named for the crown-like (corona) appearance of their surface proteins. Coronaviruses infect a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds, and can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological diseases. Some coronaviruses, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), can cause severe and potentially fatal illness in humans. The most recent example is SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19.
Nidovirales is an order of viruses that includes important pathogens such as coronaviruses and arteriviruses. These viruses are characterized by their large, complex genomes and the production of nested sets of subgenomic mRNAs during replication. They have a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome and are enveloped. The name "Nidovirales" is derived from the Latin word "nidus," meaning "nest," which refers to the nested set of subgenomic mRNAs produced during replication.
Coronaviruses, which include well-known human pathogens such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19), primarily infect the respiratory tract and can cause a range of symptoms from mild cold-like illness to severe pneumonia.
Arteriviruses, on the other hand, mainly infect animals and are associated with diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in pigs and simian hemorrhagic fever in non-human primates.
It's important to note that Nidovirales have a high potential for cross-species transmission, which can lead to the emergence of new viruses with the ability to infect humans and cause disease.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This virus is a member of the Coronaviridae family and is thought to be transmitted most readily through close person-to-person contact via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
The SARS outbreak began in southern China in 2002 and spread to several other countries before it was contained. The illness causes symptoms such as fever, chills, and body aches, which progress to a dry cough and sometimes pneumonia. Some people also report diarrhea. In severe cases, the illness can cause respiratory failure or death.
It's important to note that SARS is not currently a global health concern, as there have been no known cases since 2004. However, it remains a significant example of how quickly and widely a new infectious disease can spread in today's interconnected world.
Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) is an acute and often fatal viral hemorrhagic fever illness caused by the Marburg virus, a member of the filovirus family. It's a highly infectious disease that can be transmitted from human to human through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, tissues, or indirectly through contaminated surfaces and materials.
The incubation period for MVD ranges from 2 to 21 days, after which symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, severe malaise, and progressive weakness appear. Around the fifth day of illness, a maculopapular rash may occur, followed by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and non-bloody stools. In some cases, patients may develop severe bleeding disorders, shock, liver failure, and multi-organ dysfunction, which can lead to death in 24-48 hours.
Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for MVD, but supportive care is crucial for managing the symptoms of the disease. Preventive measures such as avoiding contact with infected individuals and their bodily fluids, wearing protective clothing, and practicing good hygiene can help prevent the spread of the virus.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Marburgviruses are toxiviral hemorrhagic fever-causing agents that belong to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Ebolaviruses. These enveloped, non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses cause a severe and often fatal illness in humans and non-human primates. The Marburg virus was initially discovered in 1967, after simultaneous outbreaks occurred in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia).
The virions of Marburgviruses are typically filamentous or U-shaped and measure approximately 80 nm in diameter. The genome consists of a single non-segmented, negative-sense RNA molecule that encodes seven structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase cofactor protein (VP35), matrix protein (VP40), glycoprotein (GP), transcription activator protein (VP30), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L), and a small hydrophobic protein (sVP24 or VP80).
Marburgviruses are primarily transmitted to humans through contact with the bodily fluids of infected animals, such as bats and non-human primates. Human-to-human transmission can occur via direct contact with infected individuals' blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids, as well as through contaminated surfaces and materials.
The incubation period for Marburg virus disease (MVD) typically ranges from 2 to 21 days. Initial symptoms include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and general malaise. As the disease progresses, patients may develop severe watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and unexplained bleeding or bruising. In fatal cases, MVD can cause multi-organ failure, shock, and death, often within 7 to 14 days after symptom onset.
Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments specifically for Marburg virus infections. However, supportive care, such as fluid replacement, electrolyte management, and treatment of secondary infections, can help improve outcomes for MVD patients. Preventive measures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and proper infection control practices, are crucial to reducing the risk of transmission during outbreaks.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
**Hemorrhagic fevers, viral** are a group of severe, potentially fatal illnesses caused by viruses that affect the body's ability to regulate its blood vessels and clotting abilities. These viruses belong to several different families including *Filoviridae* (e.g., Ebola, Marburg), *Arenaviridae* (e.g., Lassa, Machupo), *Bunyaviridae* (e.g., Hantavirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and *Flaviviridae* (e.g., Dengue, Yellow Fever).
The initial symptoms are non-specific and include sudden onset of fever, fatigue, muscle aches, joint pains, headache, and vomiting. As the disease progresses, it may lead to capillary leakage, internal and external bleeding, and multi-organ failure resulting in shock and death in severe cases.
The transmission of these viruses can occur through various means depending on the specific virus. For example, some are transmitted via contact with infected animals or their urine/feces (e.g., Hantavirus), others through insect vectors like ticks (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever) or mosquitoes (Dengue, Yellow Fever), and yet others through direct contact with infected body fluids (Ebola, Marburg).
There are no specific treatments for most viral hemorrhagic fevers. However, some experimental antiviral drugs have shown promise in treating certain types of the disease. Supportive care, such as maintaining blood pressure, replacing lost fluids and electrolytes, and managing pain, is critical to improving outcomes. Prevention measures include avoiding areas where the viruses are common, using personal protective equipment when caring for infected individuals or handling potentially contaminated materials, and controlling insect vectors.
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO).
Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. It is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents or their excreta, and it can also spread from person to person via bodily fluids. The symptoms of Lassa fever typically include fever, sore throat, muscle pain, chest pain, headache, and vomiting. In severe cases, the disease can cause bleeding from the mouth and nose, as well as complications such as deafness and encephalitis. Lassa fever is endemic to West Africa, particularly in Nigeria, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF) is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. It is one of the five identified subtypes of the Ebolavirus. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.
The early symptoms include sudden onset of fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, symptoms of impaired kidney and liver function, and in some cases, both internal and external bleeding.
Laboratory findings include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes.
The virus is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as fruit bats, porcupines and non-human primates. Then it spreads in communities through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials contaminated with these fluids.
Healthcare workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD due to a lack of adequate infection prevention and control measures.
There are currently no approved specific antiviral drugs or vaccines for Ebola. Several promising treatments and vaccine candidates are being evaluated.
Junin virus is a type of arenavirus that causes Argentine hemorrhagic fever, a severe and often fatal disease endemic to Argentina. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with the excreta of infected rodents, particularly the dryland vole (Microtus parvulus).
The Junin virus has a lipid envelope and a single-stranded RNA genome that encodes for four structural proteins and several nonstructural proteins. The viral glycoproteins are responsible for receptor binding, membrane fusion, and host immune response evasion.
Argentine hemorrhagic fever caused by Junin virus is characterized by fever, muscle pain, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms, which can progress to severe bleeding, shock, and multi-organ failure in severe cases. The virus has a high case fatality rate if left untreated, but antiviral therapy with ribavirin and immune plasma from convalescent patients has significantly improved survival rates.
Prevention measures include avoiding contact with rodents, using personal protective equipment during high-risk activities, and implementing rodent control programs in endemic areas. Vaccination with the Candid #1 vaccine has also been shown to be effective in preventing Argentine hemorrhagic fever caused by Junin virus.
Remdesivir
Coronaviridae
Coronavirus
Project Gesundheit
Torovirus
Ralph S. Baric
List of MeSH codes (C02)
RNA virus
Feline coronavirus
Coronavirus diseases
Genetic variation
RNA-based evolution
Edward Thomas Ryan
Human coronavirus 229E
Positive-strand RNA virus
Human coronavirus OC43
SARS-related coronavirus
Nidovirales
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Viral disease
Bovine coronavirus
Murine coronavirus
Human pathogen
History of coronavirus
Genetic recombination
COVID-19 vaccine
Avian infectious bronchitis
Betacoronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
List of Coronavirus live isolates
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Betacoronavirus1
- SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family Coronaviridae and genus Betacoronavirus . (who.int)
Nidovirales2
- Therefore, because of the lack of Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a member of a vaccine against endemic strains of IBV in China, IBV family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, causes a infection has remained a problem in the Chinese poultry highly contagious respiratory and sometimes urogenital industry. (cdc.gov)
- Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria. (naijavibe.net)
Viruses10
- This was an infection with much greater morbidity and mortality than previous viruses from the Coronaviridae family. (medscape.com)
- Infections with viruses of the genus TOROVIRUS, family CORONAVIRIDAE. (musc.edu)
- Moreover, upper respiratory tract infections may be provoked by a wide range of viruses (as well as bacterial overgrowth). (greenmedinfo.com)
- Here, we used genome-scale CRISPR screens to identify Lysosomal Enzyme Trafficking factor (LYSET) as essential for infection by cathepsin-dependent viruses including SARS-CoV-2. (stanford.edu)
- Each of the 24 chapters of this volume present a brief account of major facets of HIV/AIDS research including epidemiology, HIV prevention, basic virology, clinical studies (including co-infection with mycobacteria and hepatitis viruses), antiretroviral therapy, treatment options for specific patient groups (such as pregnant women and elderly patients), patient psychology and public health concerns. (benthamscience.com)
- COVID-19 is the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel type of the previously well-known family of Corona Viridae viruses. (lyracore.com)
- These viruses are responsible for the majority of upper respiratory infections in humans. (lyracore.com)
- Coronaviridae (CoV) is a zoonotic family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that exhibit strong genetic diversity and pandemic potential. (peertechzpublications.com)
- We suggest introducing a system that can comprehensively monitor the regional prevalence of all viruses that cause acute respiratory infections. (who.int)
- coronavirus is part of a group of RNA viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae family, widely distributed in humans and other mammals. (bvsalud.org)
Genus1
- SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded, enveloped, and positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the β-coronavirus genus, within the Coronaviridae family. (breathinglabs.com)
Family6
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by a previously unrecognized virus from the Coronaviridae family, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (medscape.com)
- SARS-Related Coronavirus 2 is a wrapped, positive-sense singlestranded RNA infection from the Coronaviridae family and the Betacoronaviridae variety. (phrconference.org)
- SARS-Related Coronavirus 2 (Isolate: USAWA1/2020) is an encompassed, positive-sense singlestranded RNA infection from the Coronaviridae family and the Betacoronaviridae family. (entigen.com)
- Positive sense, single-stranded enveloped RNA virus belongs to the family Coronaviridae . (hopkinsguides.com)
- Coronavirus is a member of the Coronaviridae family. (bitrebels.com)
- Most of the documented infections belong to family clusters, so the importance of children in transmitting the virus remains uncertain. (mattioli1885journals.com)
Torovirus Infections3
- Torovirus Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Torovirus Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Torovirus Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Torovirus Infections" by people in Profiles. (musc.edu)
Zoonotic3
- Toxoplasmosis in Animals Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic protozoal infection worldwide. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Lenshin S.V., Romashin A.V., Vyshemirsky O.I., Lvov D.K., Alkhovsky S.V. Bats of the subtropical climate zone of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia as a possible reservoir of zoonotic viral infections. (crie.ru)
- SARS-CoV-2 uncertainty exists regarding whether its emergence into human populations appears to be a zoonotic infection or related to release from a laboratory studying the virus. (hopkinsguides.com)
Coronaviruses4
- Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) first were identified in 1965 as a common cause of mild upper and lower respiratory infections in children and adults, similar to illness produced by rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus. (medscape.com)
- We previously developed a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor, EK1, which targeted the HR1 domain and could inhibit infection by divergent human coronaviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. (nature.com)
- EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as SARSr-CoVs, and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined, including SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
- In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. (naijavibe.net)
20202
- Preliminary unpublished data from 57 Greek patients hospitalized after March 1st, 2020 in Greek hospitals due to pneumonia by confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection showed that those with suPAR admission levels ≥ 6 ng/ml had greater risk for the development of SRF within 14 days than patients with suPAR less than 6ng/ml. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- This infection was segregated from a patient with a respiratory ailment who had gotten back from movement to the impacted area of China and created COVID-19 in January 2020 in Washington, USA. (entigen.com)
Coronavirus infection COVID-191
- Pashkov E.A., Korchevaya E.R., Faizuloev E.B., Svitich O.A., Pashkov E.P., Nechaev D.N., Zverev V.V. Potential of application of the RNA interference phenomenon in the treatment of new coronavirus infection COVID-19. (crie.ru)
Viral and bacterial infections2
- As you can see, all these symptoms are generally nonspecific and can be associated with other viral and bacterial infections as well as other non-infectious ailments and maladies and a wide range of true psychiatric disorders in any human being. (lyracore.com)
- They are crucial in protecting the respiratory tract against viral and bacterial infections. (breathinglabs.com)
Enfermedades1
- Enfermedades vÃricas causadas por CORONAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial2
- Improved Zn status may also reduce the risk of bacterial co‑infection by improving mucociliary clearance and barrier function of the respiratory epithelium, as well as direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. (spandidos-publications.com)
- IBD treatments have been associated to an increased risk of bacterial and viral infections. (elsevier.es)
Morbidity and morta1
- The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
Severe12
- The YN isolate caused severe continuous determination of the epidemic serotype and lesions and resulted in deaths of 65% in experimental production of new generations of vaccines are crucial for infections of 30-day-old specifi c-pathogen-free chickens. (cdc.gov)
- Studies highlighting the use of CS in coronavirus infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and COVID-19 were selected based on pre-determined inclusion criteria. (fortunejournals.com)
- World map of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) distribution from the 2002-2003 outbreak infection. (medscape.com)
- In the SAVE study patients with lower respiratory tract infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at high risk for progression to serious respiratory failure will be detected using the suPAR biomarker. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Han J, Sun J, Zhang G, Chen H. DCs-based therapies: potential strategies in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
- We focus on the essential functions of dendritic cell in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
- Thus, it is urgent to develop therapeutic strategies to face the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection at the severe stage. (medsci.org)
- Corticosteroids are associated to an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, higher hospitalization rate and higher risk of severe COVID-19. (elsevier.es)
- Severe infections remain more prevalent in the unimmunized or no prior infection with multiple risk factors and people with poor antibody responses to vaccines or infections. (hopkinsguides.com)
- 65 yrs, and people with comorbidities appear more likely to develop an infection with severe symptoms and be at risk for death. (hopkinsguides.com)
- The term coronavirus (CoV) is itself derived from the Latin word 'corona' meaning 'crown' and they cause a wide range of mild to severe respiratory tract infections. (curescience.org)
- Anesthesiologists are on the frontline in the war against the global COVID-19 pandemic, providing airway, ventilatory, and hemodynamic support to acute patients suffering from severe and critical COVID-19 infection. (peertechzpublications.com)
Covid-19 infection1
- This has raised the question of possible higher incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in IBD patients. (elsevier.es)
Humans1
- Herpes simplex virus infection is a major cause of vision loss in humans. (bvsalud.org)
Strains3
- Outbreaks of IB often isolated from 30-day-old broiler chickens that exhibited are due to infections with strains serologically different respiratory symptoms, nephropathologic lesions, and a from those used for vaccination ( 2 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- EMMA strains that could be used for Coronaviridae infection research. (infrafrontier.eu)
- Strains are related to SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviridae viral infections via their human orthologues. (infrafrontier.eu)
Pneumonia3
- Pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is spreading continuously, the ability to adapt host and genomic mutation of Coronavirus (CoV) lead to hampering in treatment or control of the infection. (medsci.org)
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
- Influenza pneumonia: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)
Outbreak3
- Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the novel SARS-CoV-2, infections have spread worldwide. (aaqr.org)
- Both WHO's Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network and Global Influenza Network were on high alert after reports from Hong Kong, on 19 and 20 February, confirming two cases (one fatal) of infection with avian influenza virus A, subtype H5N1. (who.int)
- The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China has posed a serious threat to global public health. (nature.com)
Virus Diseases1
- Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)
Vaccines2
- Zainutdinov S.S., Sivolobova G.F., Loktev V.B., Kochneva G.V. Mucosal immunity and vaccines against viral infections. (crie.ru)
- There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections. (naijavibe.net)
Acute1
- As inadequately treated acute infections can be rapidly fatal and enrolment into a trial must often be undertaken empirically before culture results are known, it is obviously desirable that the control arm be predicted to be efficacious in all studies, including studies of potentially superior new agents. (gardp.org)
Clinical2
- In this Antimicrobial Viewpoint article, I explore the two types of clinical trials: Superiority and non-inferiority (NI) as well as the lethal danger of Infections and how antibiotics are best developed before we need them. (gardp.org)
- In Japan, during the initial period of the COVID-19 respiratory viral infections significantly decreased during pandemic, the clinical priority for patients with respiratory the COVID-19 pandemic, although the infections did symptoms or fever was to test for SARS-CoV-2 to ensure not completely disappear. (who.int)
Children and adults1
- Earlier data demonstrate that populational Zn status is associated with the prevalence of respiratory tract infections in children and adults ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
SARS19
- Five studies with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the meta-analysis. (fortunejournals.com)
- The RR for mortality on analysis of the three studies that particularly reported on patients with significant pulmonary compromise secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection was neutral (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.63- 1.33, I2: 63.38). (fortunejournals.com)
- Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
- We engineered L. tarentolae to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and we recorded the ability of the purified RBD antigen to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in human sera, with a sensitivity and reproducibility comparable to that of a reference antigen produced in human cells. (unipv.it)
- Here we generated a series of lipopeptides derived from EK1 and found that EK1C4 was the most potent fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated membrane fusion and pseudovirus infection with IC50s of 1.3 and 15.8 nM, about 241- and 149-fold more potent than the original EK1 peptide, respectively. (nature.com)
- Intranasal application of EK1C4 before or after challenge with HCoV-OC43 protected mice from infection, suggesting that EK1C4 could be used for prevention and treatment of infection by the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging SARSr-CoVs. (nature.com)
- c The formation of syncytium in Huh-7 cells 24 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with scale bar of 200 µm. (nature.com)
- While cases of SARS have dropped off since 2003, the threat of coronavirus infection remains. (bitrebels.com)
- Literature analysis showed that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections seem to affect children less commonly and less severely as compared with adults. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- Like in SARS and MERS infection, there is the possibility that children are not an important reservoir for novel CoVs and this may have important implications for school attendance. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- While waiting for an effective against SARS-CoV-2, further prevalence studies in paediatric age are needed, in order to clarify the role of children in different age groups in the spread of the infection. (mattioli1885journals.com)
- The R 0 (basic reproduction number) of the original wild type SARS-CoV-2 has been estimated between 2.2 and 3.3 in a non-lockdown population, that is each infected individual, on average, causes between 2-3 new infections 12,33 . (radiopaedia.org)
- The study found that during SARS-CoV-2 infection, endogenously expressed TM mucins MUC1 and MUC16 played a protective role. (breathinglabs.com)
- Overexpression of TM mucins reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection, in comparison to cells with a non-targeting guide (NTG). (breathinglabs.com)
- No significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in live virus experiments after neuraminidase or fucosidase treatment. (breathinglabs.com)
- It was concluded that during SARS-CoV-2 infection of human respiratory Calu-3 cells the MUC1 extracellular domain prevents the binding of the virus to the underlying receptor. (breathinglabs.com)
- Does respiratory co-infection facilitate dispersal of SARS-CoV-2? (biomedcentral.com)
- Further, Dr. Fauci ignores that 30% or so of the US population have recovered from and are immune to SARS-CoV-2 infection, thus reducing the need for vaccine induced immunity to something like 45% in order to reach a herd immunity threshold. (realclearmarkets.com)
- Therefore, little is known about pathogens personal protective measures - such as wearing masks, other than SARS-CoV-2 that caused respiratory tract encouraging handwashing and avoiding crowds and infections during this period. (who.int)
Further investigation1
- The relevance of the adenovirus co-infection remains unclear and merits further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevention2
- The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
- This review details these unique viral features and reviews the evidence base regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) in the anesthesia workspace. (peertechzpublications.com)
Symptoms3
- As a general precaution against further nosocomial transmission, WHO recommended that patients with similar symptoms should be isolated and managed according to strict procedures of infection control. (who.int)
- 2012 ). To rule out the possibility that a potential association between lithium and respiratory infection rate is secondary to the effect on psychiatric symptoms, we also calculated the association between valproate medication and respiratory infections. (springeropen.com)
- While some patients decompensate within a week, a large subset of patients remain asymptomatic throughout the course of infection (Table 1) [12] Children, in particular, are more likely to have few or no symptoms yet remain infectious carriers [13,14]. (peertechzpublications.com)
Human4
- GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. (mdpi.com)
- The human disease gene LYSET is essential for lysosomal enzyme transport and viral infection. (stanford.edu)
- Coronavirus for common human respiratory coronavirus infections. (hopkinsguides.com)
- Advances in HIV Treatment: HIV Enzyme Inhibitors and Antiretroviral Therapy presents comprehensive and updated information on drug therapies used to treat and manage HIV infection in human patients. (benthamscience.com)
Pandemic1
- The Chinese Society of Anesthesiology reports a 20% cross-infection rate among anesthesiologists who performed intubations on COVID-19 patients during the early phase of the pandemic [1]. (peertechzpublications.com)
MERS1
- MERS for the MERS-CoV virus, causing sporadic infections, mainly in the Arabian peninsula since 2012. (hopkinsguides.com)
Respiratory tract1
- Most of these have involved serious respiratory tract infections. (naijavibe.net)
Suppress1
- We have also discussed potential therapeutic targets to diminish the viral infection and suppress the inflammatory response, with respect to evidenced studies based on COVID-19 research. (bvsalud.org)
Asymptomatic1
- Infection is generally asymptomatic and chronic in immunocompetent individuals. (merckvetmanual.com)
Lethal1
- Rabies infection (RABV), logical name Rabies lyssavirus, is a lethal neurotropic infection that causes rabies in people and creatures. (entigen.com)
Post-infection1
- Remdesivir was originally developed to treat hepatitis C, and was subsequently investigated for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections before being studied as a post-infection treatment for COVID‑19. (wikipedia.org)
Herpes2
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the eye can result in a blinding immunoinflammatory lesion in the cornea called herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). (bvsalud.org)
- Small studies in the 1990s suggested reduced rates of herpes virus infections with lithium (Amsterdam et al. (springeropen.com)
Lesions3
- In this review, we discuss a variety of immune modulating approaches that could be used to counteract tissue-damaging viral immunoinflammatory lesions which typify many chronic viral infections. (bvsalud.org)
- We make the point that in several viral infections the lesions can be largely the result of one or more aspects of the host response mediating the cell and tissue damage rather than the virus itself being directly responsible. (bvsalud.org)
- We emphasize examples where such therapies are, or could be, translated for practical use in the clinic to control inflammatory lesions caused by viral infections. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic1
- Garbuzenko D.V. The role of antiviral therapy in the management of patients with liver cirrhosis associated with chronic HBV and HCV infection. (crie.ru)
Complications1
- In this blog series, Dr. Furman will help explain what this virus is, what it does, what are the known complications of the infection, recent evidence and research-based available treatments, as well as discussions of differences of immediate effects of the virus versus "early-late" complications and late complications of the viral infection, as well as possible roads to recovery. (lyracore.com)
Fatal1
- Infections move quickly and can be fatal! (gardp.org)
Molecular1
- To develop specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics, the molecular mechanism that underlies viral infection must first be defined. (nature.com)
Treatment3
- Basis of treatment based dendritic cells to combat coronavirus infections is summarized. (medsci.org)
- Advances in HIV Treatment: HIV Enzyme Inhibitors and Antiretroviral Therapy is, therefore, a holistic resource for researchers, healthcare professionals and clinicians interested in understanding antiretroviral drugs and the management of HIV infection/AIDS. (benthamscience.com)
- 2017 ). Here, we leveraged a Swedish cohort of more than 50,000 patients with bipolar disorder followed over eight years to investigate if lithium treatment is associated with risk of respiratory infections. (springeropen.com)
Crucial1
- The immune system could play a crucial role in virus infection. (medsci.org)
Patients2
- The rate ratio (RR) for mortality in patients with SARSCoV-2 infection was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.96-1.65, I2: 74.46), indicating lack of benefit of CS therapy on mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. (fortunejournals.com)
- Here, the aim was to investigate the association between lithium use and the risk of respiratory infections in patients with bipolar disorder. (springeropen.com)
Control2
- With simple control measures, this viral infection was eradicated. (medscape.com)
- If local control measures can reduce the spread of the target infection (good for the community! (gardp.org)
Common cold1
- Investigators believe that this may be due to exposure to other so-called "common cold" coronaviridae. (realclearmarkets.com)