Coronaviridae Infections

Coronaviridae

Nidovirales

SARS Virus

Coronaviridae

Remdesivir

Coronavirus

Project Gesundheit

Torovirus

Ralph S. Baric

List of MeSH codes (C02)

RNA virus

Feline coronavirus

RNA-based evolution

Human coronavirus 229E

Edward Thomas Ryan

Positive-strand RNA virus

SARS-related coronavirus

Nidovirales

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Viral disease

Bovine coronavirus

Human pathogen

History of coronavirus

Genetic recombination

Avian infectious bronchitis

Betacoronavirus

SARS-CoV-2

List of Coronavirus live isolates

Veterinary virology

Maria Zambon

Avian coronavirus

Bat virome

Spike protein

Kizzmekia Corbett

Human coronavirus OC43

Viral replication

Investigations into the origin of COVID-19

Coronavirus spike protein

Canine coronavirus

EICAR (antiviral)

Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4

Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1

Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

Novel coronavirus

Genetic variation

Sense (molecular biology)

Coronavirus diseases

Coronaviruses6

• However, the known human coronaviruses often cause coldlike symptoms, whereas recent infections caused by SARS-CoV do not. (cdc.gov)
• Coronaviruses are frequent ribonucleic acid viruses, of the Coronaviridae family, which are responsible for digestive and respiratory infections in humans and also in animals [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Rhinovirus and Coronavirus Infections Stephen B. Greenberg, M.D.1 ABSTRACT Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses cause the majority of common colds and play a part in more serious respiratory illnesses that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. (pdfroom.com)
• Coronaviruses belong to the family Coronaviridae which integrates viruses that can cause infection in humans, other mammals (for example, bats, camels, civets) and even birds. (lamask.pt)
• Whether cross-reacting antibodies from prior infection by other coronaviruses confer immunity. (nih.gov)
• Coronaviruses belong to the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order. (datexis.com)

Pandemic5

• At this point in the pandemic of COVID-19 infection there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 undergoes intrauterine or transplacental transmission from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. (greenmedinfo.com)
• COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan in December 2019 and caused fatal respiratory infections, and then, it spread gradually in the world and, thus, became a global pandemic, triggering a health crisis (WHO declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020) [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Although SARS-CoV no longer circulates in the human population, SARS-CoV-2 infection is the cause of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death 4 . (nature.com)
• Before 2019, six human infecting virus of CoV family namely CoV 229E (HCoV-229E), HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV were known, but being genetically mutated the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spread as a pandemic resulting in severe to mild upper respiratory tract infections and very high death toll[6]. (biotechexpressmag.com)
• SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infections were reported almost exclusively during the first pandemic wave. (mdpi.com)

Betacoronavirus1

• SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family. (news-medical.net)

Diseases1

• Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE . (nih.gov)

Family5

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by a previously unrecognized virus from the Coronaviridae family, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (medscape.com)
• SARS-Related Coronavirus 2 is a wrapped, positive-sense singlestranded RNA infection from the Coronaviridae family and the Betacoronaviridae variety. (phrconference.org)
• SARS-Related Coronavirus 2 (Isolate: USAWA1/2020) is an encompassed, positive-sense singlestranded RNA infection from the Coronaviridae family and the Betacoronaviridae family. (entigen.com)
• Payne S. Family Coronaviridae. (aijr.org)
• A large family of RNA viruses, Coronaviridae (Crown) owes its name to the protein spikes that surround its lipid envelope. (emotionalpetsupport.com)

Viral infections4

• General infection control measures effective for all respiratory viral infections are reviewed and followed by discussion on some of the common viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and the recently discovered novel coronavirus. (who.int)
• This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of these two virus groups and their importance in respiratory viral infections. (pdfroom.com)
• There was minimal evidence on the prophylactic antiviral effect of garlic and ginger, moderate evidence on the therapeutic and prophylactic/therapeutic antiviral effects, and minimal evidence on the enhancement of the immune system against viral infections. (aijr.org)
• The low-moderate quality evidence on the direct and indirect antiviral effects of garlic and ginger has provided the necessary background to instigate further high-quality investigations to validate the current information, address the grey areas, and provide valuable insights into the possible utility of garlic and ginger as raw materials in drug development against viral infections. (aijr.org)

Picornaviridae1

• Ninety-nine percent of the viral sequences were related to the RNA virus families Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, and Caliciviridae, while 1% were related to the small DNA virus families Circoviridae, and Parvoviridae. (ox.ac.uk)

ENFERMEDADES1

• Enfermedades víricas causadas por CORONAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)

Antibodies2

• Compared with virological methods, serological tests are cost-effective and can detect viral specific antibodies prior exposure in the absence of virus infection [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Whether antibodies to coronaviridae can cause immunopathogenesis (e.g. (nih.gov)

SARS-CoV19

• AND progressive disease suggestive of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nih.gov)
• A previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an 84% lower risk of infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
• Unlike infection with the hepatitis C virus-229E, wherein virus production can continue for weeks without any expression of cytopathic effects ( 18 , 19 ), infection with SARS-CoV produces copious progeny virus particles within the first 12 h ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
• The aim of this study was to use scanning electron and atomic force microscopes to investigate changes in the surface topography of SARS-CoV-infected cells at late infection. (cdc.gov)
• The results can assist in further understanding how SARS CoV interacts with infected cells at late infection. (cdc.gov)
• Finally, animals immunized with RBD SARS -PLPs, RBD MERS -PLPs, and hCoV-RBD PLPs were protected against SARS-CoV-2 and/or MERS-CoV lung infection and disease. (nature.com)
• SARS-CoV originated an epidemic in 2002-2003 and MERS-CoV emerged in 2012 and has been causing sporadic cases of human infection or small clusters of cases of respiratory disease. (lamask.pt)
• We reviewed published cases of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus co-infections as of 12 April 2022. (mdpi.com)
• The drug, which is called masitinib, potently inhibited the main viral protease 3CLpro that SARs-CoV-2 relies on for infection to proceed once the viral genome has entered the host cell cytoplasm. (news-medical.net)
• Savaş Tay from the University of Chicago and colleagues say that, as well as being a strong candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, masitinib also showed antiviral activity against the related picornaviruses. (news-medical.net)
• Once the viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 has reached the host cell cytoplasm, it needs to be translated into a polyprotein that can be cleaved into the viral proteins required for infection to proceed. (news-medical.net)
• Although the antiviral remdesivir did receive FDA emergency use authorization, once it was shown to decrease disease severity and shorten hospitalization times among COVID-19 patients, there are currently no FDA-approved specific antivirals for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (news-medical.net)
• The relationship between prior infection, antibody production, and future immunity is not well established for SARS-CoV-2, and the identification of approaches to address these topics is a major goal of this RFI. (nih.gov)
• We report, however, that chloroquine has strong antiviral effects on SARS-CoV infection of primate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
• This may negatively influence the virus-receptor binding and abrogate the infection, with further ramifications by the elevation of vesicular pH, resulting in the inhibition of infection and spread of SARS CoV at clinically admissible concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
• Favorable inhibition of virus spread was observed when the cells were either treated with chloroquine prior to or after SARS CoV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
• Due to the severity of SARS-CoV infection, the potential for rapid spread of the disease, and the absence of proven effective and safe in vivo inhibitors of the virus, it is important to identify drugs that can effectively be used to treat or prevent potential SARS-CoV infections. (biomedcentral.com)
• In this report, we describe the identification of chloroquine as an effective pre- and post-infection antiviral agent for SARS-CoV. (biomedcentral.com)
• Together with data presented here, showing virus inhibition in cell culture by chloroquine doses compatible with patient treatment, these features suggest that further evaluation of chloroquine in animal models of SARS-CoV infection would be warranted as we progress toward finding effective antivirals for prevention or treatment of the disease. (biomedcentral.com)

Antiviral3

• However, as yet, there are no approved antiviral agents for rhinovi- rus or coronavirus infections. (pdfroom.com)
• Chloroquine can affect virus infection in many ways, and the antiviral effect depends in part on the extent to which the virus utilizes endosomes for entry. (biomedcentral.com)
• The nucleoside GS-441524 and its prodrug remdesivir have shown broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several virus families, including Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, Pneumoviridae, paramyxoviruses and Coronaviridae. (bioworld.com)

Asymptomatic4

• For the control and monitoring of PEDV infection, not only symptomatic pigs, but also asymptomatic pigs should be identified. (biomedcentral.com)
• For the control of PED, not only symptomatic pigs, but also asymptomatic pigs should be detected to confirm whether PEDV infection is still present or not. (biomedcentral.com)
• The clinical presentation of COVID-19 varies from an asymptomatic infection to a life-threatening, multiorgan disease. (clinmedjournals.org)
• An average of 4.2 different mammalian viruses were shed by healthy piglets, reflecting a high level of asymptomatic infections. (ox.ac.uk)

20191

• CoV-2) which emerged in late 2019 and has caused a infection with no preference for gender sex or age. (who.int)

Humans2

• Coronavirus infections are common in both domestic animals and humans ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
• Swine are an important source of proteins worldwide but are subject to frequent viral outbreaks and numerous infections capable of infecting humans. (ox.ac.uk)

20201

• This infection was segregated from a patient with a respiratory ailment who had gotten back from movement to the impacted area of China and created COVID-19 in January 2020 in Washington, USA. (entigen.com)

Systematic review1

• Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (greenmedinfo.com)

Infectious disease1

• Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is a highly contagious infectious disease causing watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality rate in newborn piglets. (biomedcentral.com)

Stages of Infection1

• Of particular interest is discovery and development of drug candidates with suitable safety profiles for broad use in the outpatient setting (e.g., oral, intranasal) to reduce viral burden in early stages of infection. (nih.gov)

Proteins3

• Variations in these surface proteins are respon- sible for antigenic diversity and the host immune response following infection.14 VP4 is on the inside of the virus and anchors the RNA core to the viral capsid. (pdfroom.com)
• In the initial step of viral infection the RBD on the S proteins recognise the host-cell receptor, the binding interaction between the host receptor and spike protein is the critical factor determining the cross-species transmission and host range. (biotechexpressmag.com)
• The study showed that masitinib directly bound to the active site of 3CLpro and blocked its ability to cleave the viral polyprotein into the individual proteins that are needed for infection to be successful. (news-medical.net)

Pneumonia2

• These infections usually affect the respiratory system and can be similar to common colds or progress to a more serious illness such as pneumonia. (lamask.pt)
• COVID-19 is reported to increase the risk of a range of significant complications, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute liver and/or kidney injury, cardiac complications, prothrombotic coagulopathy, bacterial/fungal co-infections (e.g. mucormycosis), and neurological syndromes [ 3 , 4 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)

Outbreak2

• Outbreak Informació adreçada a la ciutadania sobre les mesures que s'estan prenent per controlar els nous rebrots de coronavirus COVID-19 en algunes de les poblacions de la comarca de la Noguera. (openaire.eu)
• World map of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) distribution from the 2002-2003 outbreak infection. (medscape.com)

Pigs1

• virological and serological, for PEDV infection in pigs. (biomedcentral.com)

Disease3

• The disease, COVID-19 , was added to the index at a new number in the viral respiratory tract infections area: WC 506. (nih.gov)
• The developed indirect ELISA test in our study would be useful as a reliable test for serological survey and disease control of PEDV infection, and our pre-antigen coated ELISA plates can be preserved at 4 °C until at least 6 months. (biomedcentral.com)
• High-performance assays of humoral immune response, which can be done reliably and at large scale with low cost, can provide key information related to an individual's prior infection and may have implications for future disease resistance. (nih.gov)

Wuhan1

• Person-to-person transmission has been confirmed and infection already exists in several countries and in people who have not visited Wuhan market. (lamask.pt)

Severe1

• A history of smoking may lead to a more severe coronavirus infection. (greenmedinfo.com)

Mortality2

• Second, we evaluated ICU length of stay, in-hospital mortality and analyzed a subgroup of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDROs) infections. (nih.gov)
• ABSTRACT Viruses account for the majority of the acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) globally with a mortality exceeding 4 million deaths per year. (who.int)

Mild1

• Surprisingly, infection with GZ02 did not result in significant radiological changes early in infection, although mild increase in interstitial infiltrates could be observed in 1 animal on day 2 (Fig. 1). (datexis.com)

Cases1

• or, in some cases, persistent infection can result ( 17 ). (cdc.gov)

Intervention1

• Structural biology has been a key player in understanding the viral infection mechanism and in developing intervention strategies against the new coronavirus. (nih.gov)

Transmission2

• Les données actuellement disponibles laissent penser que les grosses gouttelettes constituent le principal mode de transmission des infections des voies respiratoires aiguës, mais que la transmission par le contact (notamment la contamination par les mains suivie par une auto-inoculation) et par des aérosols respiratoires infectieux de différentes tailles et de courte portée (appelées transmissions par voie aérienne « opportunistes ») peut aussi se produire pour certains agents pathogènes. (who.int)
• Widespread availability of highly effective oral antivirals that can be taken at home early in the course of infection, would prevent transmission of the virus and overwhelming surges in hospitalizations, ultimately saving lives. (nih.gov)

Types2

• The outcome of the infection is dependent on the virus strains and cell types. (cdc.gov)
• DIC may be caused by traumatic injuries or certain types of infections or cancer. (pharmacyexam.com)

Treatment1

• New studies have provided better understand- ing of the pathogenesis of these infections and should lead to more specific treatment modalities. (pdfroom.com)

Early1

• These membrane whorls are postulated to be replication complexes for the virus since they appear very early (within 30 minutes) after infection. (cdc.gov)