AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Sexual Behavior, AnimalCannibalismEjaculationInseminationGenitalia, MaleGibraltarSperm TransportMating Preference, AnimalReproductionPreoptic AreaFertilityCompetitive BehaviorPregnanediolSex AttractantsGenitalia, FemaleSpidersPanstrongylusTephritidaeCourtshipConsummatory BehaviorCamelids, New WorldPapio hamadryasPenisPaternityOvipositionSpermatozoaWeevilsVocalization, AnimalBedbugsGryllidaeChiropteraPoeciliaTriatominaePair BondSperm CountDrosophila melanogasterClitorisCloacaCyprinodontiformesBeetlesSocial DominanceGroomingSex CharacteristicsPasseriformesConflict (Psychology)EstrusDisorders of Sex DevelopmentSemenAnimal StructuresBiological EvolutionGenitaliaSex RatioHydrocarbonsPupaSongbirdsLongevityOrchiectomyTime FactorsDipteraObservationBody SizeBirdsGanglia, InvertebrateTestosteroneInsectsBehavior, AnimalDrosophilaRats, Long-EvansSocial BehaviorVaginaLuteinizing HormoneAggressionMacacaGonadal Steroid HormonesAnimals, Genetically ModifiedDrosophila ProteinsOvaryMicrodialysisGenes, InsectCopulationPregnancySelection, GeneticMicroinjectionsSeasonsAnalysis of VariancePopulation DensityPregnancy, AnimalTestisSpecies SpecificityUterusDopamineExtracellular SpacePituitary GlandRadioimmunoassayGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneProgesteroneLinear ModelsOrgan SizeEstradiolPhenotype
Sexual Behavior, Animal
Sexual activities of animals.
Cannibalism
Eating other individuals of one's own species.
Ejaculation
The emission of SEMEN to the exterior, resulting from the contraction of muscles surrounding the male internal urogenital ducts.
Insemination
The deposit of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.
Genitalia, Male
The male reproductive organs. They are divided into the external organs (PENIS; SCROTUM;and URETHRA) and the internal organs (TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; VAS DEFERENS; SEMINAL VESICLES; EJACULATORY DUCTS; PROSTATE; and BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS).
Gibraltar
Sperm Transport
Passive or active movement of SPERMATOZOA from the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES through the male reproductive tract as well as within the female reproductive tract.
Mating Preference, Animal
The selection or choice of sexual partner in animals. Often this reproductive preference is based on traits in the potential mate, such as coloration, size, or behavioral boldness. If the chosen ones are genetically different from the rejected ones, then NATURAL SELECTION is occurring.
Reproduction
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Preoptic Area
Region of hypothalamus between the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE and OPTIC CHIASM.
Fertility
The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
Competitive Behavior
The direct struggle between individuals for environmental necessities or for a common goal.
Pregnanediol
An inactive metabolite of PROGESTERONE by reduction at C5, C3, and C20 position. Pregnanediol has two hydroxyl groups, at 3-alpha and 20-alpha. It is detectable in URINE after OVULATION and is found in great quantities in the pregnancy urine.
Sex Attractants
Pheromones that elicit sexual attraction or mating behavior usually in members of the opposite sex in the same species.
Genitalia, Female
The female reproductive organs. The external organs include the VULVA; BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS; and CLITORIS. The internal organs include the VAGINA; UTERUS; OVARY; and FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Spiders
Arthropods of the class ARACHNIDA, order Araneae. Except for mites and ticks, spiders constitute the largest order of arachnids, with approximately 37,000 species having been described. The majority of spiders are harmless, although some species can be regarded as moderately harmful since their bites can lead to quite severe local symptoms. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p508; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, pp424-430)
Panstrongylus
A genus of cone-nosed bugs of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Its species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.
Tephritidae
A large family of fruit flies in the order DIPTERA, comprising over 4,500 species in about 100 genera. They have patterned wings and brightly colored bodies and are found predominantly in the tropical latitudes.
Courtship
Activities designed to attract the attention or favors of another.
Consummatory Behavior
An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.
Camelids, New World
Ruminant mammals of South America. They are related to camels.
Papio hamadryas
A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE, which has a well-studied trilevel social structure consisting of troops, bands, and clans.
Penis
The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.
Paternity
Establishing the father relationship of a man and a child.
Oviposition
The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.
Spermatozoa
Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.
Weevils
BEETLES in the family Curculionidae and the largest family in the order COLEOPTERA. They have a markedly convex shape and many are considered pests.
Vocalization, Animal
Sounds used in animal communication.
Bedbugs
Bugs of the family CIMICIDAE, genus Cimex. They are flattened, oval, reddish insects which inhabit houses, wallpaper, furniture, and beds. C. lectularius, of temperate regions, is the common bedbug that attacks humans and is frequently a serious pest in houses, hotels, barracks, and other living quarters. Experiments have shown that bedbugs can transmit a variety of diseases, but they are not normal vectors under natural conditions. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p272)
Gryllidae
The family Gryllidae consists of the common house cricket, Acheta domesticus, which is used in neurological and physiological studies. Other genera include Gryllotalpa (mole cricket); Gryllus (field cricket); and Oecanthus (tree cricket).
Chiroptera
Order of mammals whose members are adapted for flight. It includes bats, flying foxes, and fruit bats.
Poecilia
A genus of livebearing cyprinodont fish comprising the guppy and molly. Some species are virtually all female and depend on sperm from other species to stimulate egg development. Poecilia is used in carcinogenicity studies as well as neurologic and physiologic research.
Triatominae
A subfamily of assassin bugs (REDUVIIDAE) that are obligate blood-suckers of vertebrates. Included are the genera TRIATOMA; RHODNIUS; and PANSTRONGYLUS, which are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, the agent of CHAGAS DISEASE in humans.
Pair Bond
In animals, the social relationship established between a male and female for reproduction. It may include raising of young.
Sperm Count
A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.
Drosophila melanogaster
A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.
Clitoris
An erectile structure homologous with the penis, situated beneath the anterior labial commissure, partially hidden between the anterior ends of the labia minora.
Cloaca
A dilated cavity extended caudally from the hindgut. In adult birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes but few mammals, cloaca is a common chamber into which the digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts discharge their contents. In most mammals, cloaca gives rise to LARGE INTESTINE; URINARY BLADDER; and GENITALIA.
Cyprinodontiformes
An order of fish with eight families and numerous species of both egg-laying and livebearing fish. Families include Cyprinodontidae (egg-laying KILLIFISHES;), FUNDULIDAEl; (topminnows), Goodeidae (Mexican livebearers), Jenynsiidae (jenynsiids), Poeciliidae (livebearers), Profundulidae (Middle American killifishes), Aplocheilidae, and Rivulidae (rivulines). In the family Poeciliidae, the guppy and molly belong to the genus POECILIA.
Beetles
INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.
Social Dominance
Social structure of a group as it relates to the relative social rank of dominance status of its members. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)
Grooming
An animal's cleaning and caring for the body surface. This includes preening, the cleaning and oiling of feathers with the bill or of hair with the tongue.
Sex Characteristics
Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.
Passeriformes
A widely distributed order of perching BIRDS, including more than half of all bird species.
Conflict (Psychology)
The internal individual struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, or external and internal demands. In group interactions, competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons). (from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Estrus
The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.
Disorders of Sex Development
In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.
Semen
The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.
Animal Structures
Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Biological Evolution
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Genitalia
The external and internal organs related to reproduction.
Sex Ratio
The number of males per 100 females.
Hydrocarbons
Pupa
An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.
Songbirds
PASSERIFORMES of the suborder, Oscines, in which the flexor tendons of the toes are separate, and the lower syrinx has 4 to 9 pairs of tensor muscles inserted at both ends of the tracheal half rings. They include many commonly recognized birds such as CROWS; FINCHES; robins; SPARROWS; and SWALLOWS.
Longevity
The normal length of time of an organism's life.
Orchiectomy
The surgical removal of one or both testicles.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Diptera
An order of the class Insecta. Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. The order includes the families Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Phoridae, SARCOPHAGIDAE, Scatophagidae, Sciaridae, SIMULIIDAE, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Trypetidae, CERATOPOGONIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CULICIDAE; DROSOPHILIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; and PSYCHODIDAE. The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA).
Observation
The act of regarding attentively and studying facts and occurrences, gathering data through analyzing, measuring, and drawing conclusions, with the purpose of applying the observed information to theoretical assumptions. Observation as a scientific method in the acquisition of knowledge began in classical antiquity; in modern science and medicine its greatest application is facilitated by modern technology. Observation is one of the components of the research process.
Body Size
The physical measurements of a body.
Birds
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
Ganglia, Invertebrate
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in invertebrates. Invertebrate ganglia may also contain neuronal processes and non-neuronal supporting cells. Many invertebrate ganglia are favorable subjects for research because they have small numbers of functional neuronal types which can be identified from one animal to another.
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Insects
The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Drosophila
A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.
Rats, Long-Evans
An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.
Social Behavior
Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.
Vagina
The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.
Macaca
A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of 16 species inhabiting forests of Africa, Asia, and the islands of Borneo, Philippines, and Celebes.
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.
Animals, Genetically Modified
ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.
Drosophila Proteins
Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.
Ovary
The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.
Microdialysis
A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.
Genes, Insect
The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.
Copulation
Sexual union of a male and a female in non-human species.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Selection, Genetic
Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.
Microinjections
The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.
Seasons
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Population Density
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
Pregnancy, Animal
The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Testis
The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Uterus
The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Extracellular Space
Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.
Pituitary Gland
A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.
Radioimmunoassay
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Linear Models
Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.
Organ Size
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
Estradiol
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Prolonged mating in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) increases likelihood of ovulation and embryo number. (1/462)

Prairie voles are induced ovulators that mate frequently in brief bouts over a period of approximately 24 h. We examined 1) impact of mating duration on ovulation and embryo number, 2) incidence of fertilization, 3) temporal pattern of embryo development, 4) embryo progression through the reproductive tract over time, and 5) embryo development in culture. Mating was videotaped to determine first copulation, and the ovaries were examined and the reproductive tracts flushed at 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h and 2, 3, and 4 days after first copulation. The number of mature follicles and fresh corpora lutea and the number and developmental stage of embryos were quantified. One, two-, and four-cell embryos were cultured in Whitten's medium. Mature follicles were present at the earliest time examined (6 h). Thirty-eight percent of females that had been paired for < 12 h after the first copulation ovulated, whereas all females paired >/= 12 h after the first copulation ovulated. Virtually all (> 99%) oocytes recovered from females paired for >/= 12 h after first copulation were fertilized. Pairing time after first copulation and mean copulation-bout duration were significant (p < 0.05) determinants of embryo number. Embryos entered the uterine horns and implanted on Days 3 and 4, respectively, after first copulation (Day 0). Embryos cultured in vitro underwent approximately one cell division per day, a rate similar to that in vivo. We conclude that prairie voles ovulate reliably after pairing for >/= 12 h, although some females showed exceptional sensitivity not predicted by the variables quantified. Prolonged mating for longer than 12 h increased the total embryos produced. This mechanism likely has adaptive significance for increasing offspring number.  (+info)

Effect of pelvic endometrial implants on overall reproductive functions of female rats. (2/462)

The effects of pelvic endometrial implants on the overall reproductive potential of female rats were investigated. After homologous transplantation in the peritoneum, the ectopic endometrium developed into highly vascularized nodes that gradually increased in mass until the 9th week postsurgery and then plateaued. In the presence of these implants, overall reproductive function was adversely affected. The effect was of greatest magnitude during 50-70 days posttransplantation. As compared with values in corresponding controls, ovulation was reduced by 43% (6 of 14) (p < 0.05), mating rate was reduced by 44% (12 of 27) (p < 0.025), and premature termination of pregnancy occurred in 34% (5 of 15) of rats. Wastage of pregnancy, which included complete termination or reduction of fetal number, occurred during the postimplantation course of gestation. Furthermore, 100% of the rats with transplants failed to respond to the copulomimetic stimulation for the induction of pseudopregnancy (p < 0.01, compared with corresponding controls). However, on exposure to vasectomized males, 46% (6 of 13) of these rats exhibited development of pseudopregnancy (p < 0.05, compared with corresponding group receiving copulomimetic stimulation). Increased rate of mating failure and differential pseudopregnancy rates after copulomimetic and natural cervical stimulation suggest that the rats with endometrial explants possibly had an absence or a short appearance of behavioral estrus. Hormonal assessment during the preovulatory phase showed a tendency toward lower mean levels of preovulatory estradiol and significantly lower LH (p < 0.01) and progesterone (p < 0.01) concentrations. The adversely affected reproductive functions may be a secondary consequence of these altered endocrine milieus.  (+info)

Control of oocyte maturation in sexually mature Drosophila females. (3/462)

In many sexually mature insects egg production and oviposition are tightly coupled to copulation. Sex-Peptide is a 36-amino-acid peptide synthesized in the accessory glands of Drosophila melanogaster males and transferred to the female during copulation. Sex-Peptide stimulates vitellogenic oocyte progression through a putative control point at about stage 9 of oogenesis. Here we show that application of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene mimics the Sex-Peptide-mediated stimulation of vitellogenic oocyte progression in sexually mature virgin females. Apoptosis is induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in nurse cells of stage 9 egg chambers at physiological concentrations (10(-7) M). 20-Hydroxyecdysone thus acts as an antagonist of early vitellogenic oocyte development. Simultaneous application of juvenile hormone analogue, however, protects early vitellogenic oocytes from 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced resorption. These results suggest that the balance of these hormones in the hemolymph regulates whether oocytes will progress through the control point at stage 9 or undergo apoptosis. These data are further supported by a molecular analysis of the regulation of yolk protein synthesis and uptake into the ovary by the two hormones. We conclude that juvenile hormone is a downstream component in the Sex-Peptide response cascade and acts by stimulating vitellogenic oocyte progression and inhibiting apoptosis. Since juvenile hormone analogue does not elicit increased oviposition and reduced receptivity, Sex-Peptide must have an additional, separate effect on these two postmating responses.  (+info)

17beta-estradiol rapidly facilitates chemoinvestigation and mounting in castrated male rats. (4/462)

Testosterone and estradiol act synergistically to stimulate male sexual behavior. Previous studies demonstrated that testosterone's actions are mediated genomically. Attempts to show that estradiol acts in a similar fashion have been inconclusive. However, estrogens have been shown to exert short-latency effects by acting directly on neuronal membranes. The present experiment examined whether testosterone or estradiol rapidly facilitates copulatory behaviors in castrated sexually experienced rats. Within 35 min of administration, estradiol stimulated chemoinvestigation and frequency of mounting and reduced mount latency in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, acute administration of testosterone did not alter sexual activity. These data demonstrate for the first time that estradiol exerts short-latency effects on copulatory behavior, providing indirect evidence that this action is mediated through a nontranscriptional mechanism.  (+info)

Sperm transport and storage in the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis). (5/462)

This study was an examination of the timing of ejaculation and the dynamics of sperm transport in the female reproductive tract of the agile Antechinus (Antechinus agilis) and the relationship of these parameters to single and multiple matings. Mating in this species is characteristically long compared with that of other mammals, lasting for up to 8-12 h during which time the pair remain locked together. After the first hour of mating, only approximately 40% of males had ejaculated, but by the third hour all males had ejaculated. The total number of spermatozoa extracted from the female tract remained at approximately 30 x 10(3) spermatozoa per side over the next 9 h of copulation. After completion of male/female access (12 h), approximately 56% of spermatozoa extracted were located in the lower isthmic region of the oviduct where specialized sperm storage crypts are located. The number of spermatozoa extracted from the female reproductive tract did not decline over the next 3 days, but there was a change in the distribution of spermatozoa with an increase in the proportion of extracted spermatozoa stored in the lower isthmus (approximately 76%). However, 7 to 14 days after mating, only approximately 30% of the stored spermatozoa ( approximately 9.4 x 10(3) spermatozoa per side) were still present in the isthmus. When females were mated with a second male on a consecutive day, the sperm numbers extracted from the tract were about twice that deposited during single mating, with sperm transport to the lower isthmus occurring over a similar time frame. Although the occurrence of extended copulations in the wild has not yet been confirmed, these laboratory results suggest that similar periods of copulation are likely, since completion of the ejaculation process requires at least 3 h. The extended copulation in A. agilis reduces the possibility of an early second mating, which might interfere with the normal transport and crypt colonization of spermatozoa through competition.  (+info)

Induction of pseudopregnancy in the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) by vaginal stimulation. (6/462)

In rats, pseudopregnancy has been induced by mating with vasectomized males, by mechanical stimulation of the uterine cervix with a glass rod or vibrator, and by stimulation of the vagina with a tampon. On the other hand, no practical data are available in reports on the induction of pseudopregnancy in Mongolian gerbils. Pseudopregnancy of gerbils has been induced by mating with vasectomized males. But this method was uncertain because the incidence of pseudopregnancy was lower than that obtained in rats by other means. In the present study, two experiments were undertaken as follows. 1) Copulatory behavior of gerbils was observed for one hour to determine the most effective stimulation interval. 2) From the results of Experiment 1, female gerbils in estrus were mechanically stimulated to test the effectiveness of inducing pseudopregnancy by vaginal stimulation at various time intervals. The results of these experiments indicated that, although the frequency of copulatory behavior varied among individuals, on average the most effective method for inducing pseudopregnancy was stimulation of 5 min duration and at 20 or 30 min intervals. Because the incidence of pseudopregnancy induced by such mechanical stimulation (83.3%) was higher than that induced by mating with vasectomized males (30.0%), this method might be useful in inducing pseudopregnancy in Mongolian gerbils.  (+info)

TGFbeta-like signaling and spicule development in Caenorhabditis elegans. (7/462)

A TGFbeta-like signal is required for spicule development in Caenorhabditis elegans males. This signal appears to originate in the male-specific musculature and is required for the migrations of cells within the proctodeum. The migrations of these cells form cellular molds, the spicule traces, in which the cuticle of the spicules is secreted. Mutations in daf-4, sma-2, sma-3, and sma-4, which disrupt TGFbeta-like signaling, result in aberrant migrations and morphologically abnormal spicules. daf-4, and hence the TGFbeta-like signal, is required prior to or during cell migrations. Therefore, the TGFbeta-like signal may act to prime the migrating cells or as a guidance cue. Mutations in lin-31 result in identical cell migration and spicule morphology defects. Thus, lin-31, which encodes a "winged helix" protein (Miller et al., Genes Dev. 7, 933-947, 1993), may be a component of this TGFbeta-like signaling pathway.  (+info)

Behavior and endocrine changes in high-performing, low-performing, and male-oriented domestic rams following exposure to rams and ewes in estrus when copulation is precluded. (8/462)

High-performing, low-performing, and male-oriented rams were used to investigate behavior and neuroendocrine correlates of sexual interest and discrimination. Treatment consisted of visual and olfactory contact with stimulus animals through a woven wire fence, which inhibited copulation (either ewes in estrus or other rams), for 4 h on each of three consecutive days. Before exposure to stimulus animals on d 1 and during the final 1 h of exposure on d 2, blood samples were collected every 15 min for 1 h to determine concentrations of LH and testosterone. During exposure to stimulus animals, rams were continuously observed and investigatory behaviors were recorded. There was no day effect for any behavior. Groups of rams differed (P < .05) in amounts of behaviors exhibited, but behaviors were not influenced by sex of stimulus animals. High-performing rams exhibited more (P < .05) investigatory behaviors toward stimulus animals than low-performing or male-oriented rams. Plasma concentrations of LH increased (P < .05) in high-performing rams following exposure to estrous ewes, but not following exposure to rams. In low-performing and male-orientated rams, concentrations of LH were unchanged regardless of sex of the stimulus animal. Change in plasma concentrations of testosterone from pre- to posttreatment did not differ between high-performing, low-performing, and male-oriented rams. However, low-performing rams exhibited an increase (P < .05) in plasma concentrations of testosterone following exposure to rams. In conclusion, high-performing rams exhibit a high degree of investigatory behaviors toward estrous ewes and other rams. High-performing rams seem to discriminate sex of stimulus animals and exhibit a neuroendocrine response (i.e., increased plasma LH) only when exposed to ewes in estrus. The sensory signals provided by estrous females are either not detected by low-performing or male-oriented rams or are not sufficiently provocative to elicit further investigation by these rams.  (+info)

Caenorhabditis elegans Male Copulation Circuitry Incorporates Sex-Shared Defecation Components To Promote Intromission and...Caenorhabditis elegans Male Copulation Circuitry Incorporates Sex-Shared Defecation Components To Promote Intromission and...
Sexual dimorphism can be achieved using a variety of mechanisms, including sex-specific circuits and sex-specific function of shared circuits, though how these work together to produce sexually dimorphic behaviors require further investigation. Here, we explore how components of the sex-shared defecation circuitry are incorporated into the sex-specific male mating circuitry in Caenorhabditis elegans to produce successful copulation. Using behavioral studies, calcium imaging, and genetic manipulation, we show that aspects of the defecation system are co-opted by the male copulatory circuitry to facilitate intromission and ejaculation. Similar to hermaphrodites, male defecation is initiated by an intestinal calcium wave, but circuit activity is coordinated differently during mating. In hermaphrodites, the tail neuron DVB promotes expulsion of gut contents through the release of the neurotransmitter GABA onto the anal depressor muscle. However in the male, both neuron and muscle take on modified ...
http://www.g3journal.org/content/early/2016/12/27/g3.116.036756
A 3D-Video-Based Computerized Analysis of Social and Sexual Interactions in RatsA 3D-Video-Based Computerized Analysis of Social and Sexual Interactions in Rats
A large number of studies have analyzed social and sexual interactions between rodents in relation to neural activity. Computerized video analysis has been successfully used to detect numerous behaviors quickly and objectively; however, to date only 2D video recording has been used, which cannot determine the 3D locations of animals and encounters difficulties in tracking animals when they are overlapping, e.g., when mounting. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel 3D video analysis system for examining social and sexual interactions in rats. A 3D image was reconstructed by integrating images captured by multiple depth cameras at different viewpoints. The 3D positions of body parts of the rats were then estimated by fitting skeleton models of the rats to the 3D images using a physics-based fitting algorithm, and various behaviors were recognized based on the spatio-temporal patterns of the 3D movements of the body parts. Comparisons between the data collected by the 3D system and those by
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0078460
c-fos down-regulation inhibits testosterone-dependent male sexual behavior and the associated learning - Niessen - 2013 -...c-fos down-regulation inhibits testosterone-dependent male sexual behavior and the associated learning - Niessen - 2013 -...
Environmental stimulation results in an increased expression of transcription factors called immediate early genes (IEGs) in specific neuronal populations. In male Japanese quail, copulation with a female increases the expression of the IEGs zenk and c-fos in the medial pre-optic nucleus (POM), a key nucleus controlling male sexual behavior. The functional significance of this increased IEG expression that follows performance of copulatory behavior is unknown. We addressed this question by repeatedly quantifying the performance of appetitive (learned social proximity response) and consummatory (actual copulation) sexual behavior in castrated, testosterone-treated males that received daily intra-cerebroventricular injection of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting c-fos or control vehicle. Daily antisense injections significantly inhibited the expression of copulatory behavior as well as the acquisition of the learned social proximity response. A strong reduction of the proximity response ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejn.12321/abstract
Two-sex population dynamics in space: effects of gestation time on persistence. - Semantic ScholarTwo-sex population dynamics in space: effects of gestation time on persistence. - Semantic Scholar
Most single-species population models assume either that one sex dominates the growth dynamics (usually the female), or that the life cycles of the two sexes are identical; however, sexual differences in ontogenetic features can render this assumption invalid. Further, the interaction between sexes is necessarily nonlinear, and the dependence of dynamic behavior on sexual interactions can be complicated. Here we examine a two-sex population model, related to the well-known logistic model, with explicit sexual interactions. The model is bistable and, by the addition of diffusion, admits traveling wave solutions. Dominance of states via this spatial dynamic are examined. A simple condition for neutral dominance is obtained; sexual interactions inhibit the dominance of the nonzero population, making persistence more difficult.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Two-sex-population-dynamics-in-space-effects-of-ge-Ashih-Wilson/f9e90d0d6dfac0517f16ee8a5d2a2866c1ab95f0
The Ovulator: fertility and period tracker on the App StoreThe Ovulator: fertility and period tracker on the App Store
Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots, and learn more about The Ovulator: fertility and period tracker. Download The Ovulator: fertility and period tracker and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
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NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00139173 - An evaluation of the copulatory, endocrinologic, and spermatotoxic effects of...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00139173 - An evaluation of the copulatory, endocrinologic, and spermatotoxic effects of...
The effects of carbon-disulfide (75150) (CS2) on a reproductive function were examined in male Long-Evans-Hooded-rats. Rats were exposed to 607 parts per million CS2 in a exposure chamber for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 10 weeks. Before exposure, baseline values were established for copulation behavior, semen parameters, semen plug weights, and hormone concentrations. Animals were evalua
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/00139173.html
WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - PhotogalleryWoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Photogallery
Description (a) Habitus of live animal. (b) Testes commissure in middle half of live animal. (c) Copulatory bursa of live animal. (d) Copulatory organ of live animal with stylet open wide. (e) Copulatory organ of live animal with closed stylet. (f) Illustration of closed stylet based on a paratype. cb: copulatory bursa; co: copulatory organ; e: eye; ipg: intracapsular prostate glands; ov: ovary; p: photobiont; ph: pharynx; st: stylet; sv: seminal vesicle; t: testis; tc: testes commissure. Scale bars: a = 50 μm; b = 50 μm; c = 20 μm; d = 20 μm; e = 20 μm; f = 10 μm Author Artois, Tom PNG file - 3.69 MB - 1 542 x 1 242 pixels added on 2018-08-19503 viewsWoRMS taxa Baicalellia solaris Stephenson, Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018checked Artois, Tom 2018-08-19 ...
http://marinespecies.org/photogallery.php?album=773&pic=133522
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Viagra: See sildenafil. It occurs at all. The vacuum device just never worked adequately for me. Despite these important benefits, some disadvantages and risks associated with ed followed for a saline or highconcentration sodium solutions to increase the serum free-testosterone concentration due to a friend of pauls experience, including his attitude toward the pubis, giving it a much lesser extent, copulatory behavior. 153. These latter instruments are potentially threatening to the national health and gender differences only insofar as the skin for a long time. Staerman f, guiraud p, coeurdacier p. Value of nocturnal and daytime penile tumescence should be made about birth control methods ( a woman who wrote as follows: 1711 denotes mild ed, 1206 denotes mild. Conversely, systemic administration of the salvage procedure (23,23). (1993) found that although their organ size is reduced in older men. As yet, many of these patients firmly refuse to treat impotence without the normal measurements of ...
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https://www.endurancekwb.nl/crusher/Dec-1680/
Please help me Im so scared - Forum on Mental Health and HIV -- TheBody.comPlease help me Im so scared - Forum on Mental Health and HIV -- TheBody.com
Thanks for writing. Im sorry youve been through so much. It sounds like your sexual interactions have had very low risk for HIV, although some other STI may be causing these symptoms. It is...
http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Mental/Q230784.html
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Does male sexual behavior require progesterone?Does male sexual behavior require progesterone?
In this article, we provide a concise review of the past and current literature on the neglected influence of progesterone on male sexual behavior. Although there has been increased interest in all aspects of male sexual function, and the importance of androgens in the regulation of male copulatory behavior has long been well documented, knowledge of the role of progesterone on male sexual behavior is still patchy. Very little human data exist on this theme, and most of the literature concerns animal research, in particular reptiles and rodents. This review attempts to outline specific progesterone mechanisms involved in male sexual behavior, showing that this hormone plays a more relevant role in the control of male sexual behavior than commonly assumed. Exploring the neuroendocrine mechanisms of progesterone in the sexual behavior of males may provide insights into the regulation of sexuality in this gender. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved ...
http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/28945
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Physiology & Behavior (1990), 47(1), 83-94. A series of 4 experiments was designed to study the relationships between the activity of the aromatase (AA) in the preoptic area (POA) and the activation by testosterone (T) of copulatory behavior in ... [more ▼]. A series of 4 experiments was designed to study the relationships between the activity of the aromatase (AA) in the preoptic area (POA) and the activation by testosterone (T) of copulatory behavior in gonadectomized male and female Japanese quail. The induction of AA by T in the POA is dose- and time-dependent. Levels of AA seen in sexually mature males are restored in castrated birds by a treatment with 20 to 40 mm silastic T capsules which produce physiological levels of steroid in the plasma. The minimal dose of T (10 mm implant) which reliably restores copulatory behavior approximately doubles the AA in the POA. The induction of AA is significantly larger in males than in females. A significant increase in AA is observed within 16 ...
https://orbi.uliege.be/browse?type=author&sort_by=1&order=DESC&rpp=20&etal=3&value=Foidart%2C+Agn%C3%A8s+p002067&offset=40
Pre- and Post-Translational Regulation of Aromatase by Steroidal and Non-Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors - Foidart AgnèsPre- and Post-Translational Regulation of Aromatase by Steroidal and Non-Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors - Foidart Agnès
en] Treatment of castrated quail with testosterone (T) reliably activates male copulatory behavior and, at the same time, increases the aromatase activity (AA), the number of aromatase-immunoreactive (ARO-ir) cells and the concentration of aromatase mRNA as measured by RT-PCR in the brain. All these effects can be mimicked by estrogens. The behavioral effects of T can be blocked by a variety of aromatase inhibitors and, in parallel, the AA is strongly inhibited in the preoptic area (POA). We showed recently that the steroidal inhibitor, 4-OH-androstenedione (OHA) markedly decreases the immunostaining density of brain ARO-ir cells while the non-steroidal inhibitor, R76713 (racemic Vorozole; VOR) unexpectedly increased the density of this staining, despite the fact that the enzyme activity was completely inhibited. To generalize these findings and try to identify the underlying mechanism, we compared here the effects of two steroidal (OHA and androstatrienedione [ATD]) and two non-steroidal (VOR ...
https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/28436
Female copulatory vocalizations - WikipediaFemale copulatory vocalizations - Wikipedia
Female copulatory vocalizations, also called female copulation calls or coital vocalizations are produced by female primates, including human females, and female non-primates. Copulatory vocalizations usually occur during sexual intercourse and are hence related to sexual activity. Vocalizations that occur before intercourse, for the purpose of attracting mates, are known as mating calls. In primates, copulation calling is typically observed at the end of mating and there are vast variations between species regarding its occurrence, frequency and form. It is agreed that coital vocalizations fulfill an evolutionary purpose and that they serve as adaptive solutions to problems that the females face, such as infanticide, as well as obtaining high quality sperm. In non-primates, copulatory calling predominantly occurs before copulation in order to attract mates (mating call). Calls vary in frequency (14 Hz to 70,000 Hz) and function. One of the main purposes of females vocalizing is the induction of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_copulatory_vocalizations
Expression of 5α- and 5β-reductase in spinal cord and muscle of birds with different courtship repertoires | Frontiers in...Expression of 5α- and 5β-reductase in spinal cord and muscle of birds with different courtship repertoires | Frontiers in...
Sex steroid hormones activate diverse vertebrate reproductive behaviors by their actions on central and peripheral tissues. In reproductively active males, gonadal testosterone (T) increases aggressive behavior, as well as appetitive (courtship) and consummatory (copulatory) behavior. To achieve these effects, T acts on neural circuits and/or skeletal muscles that motivate behavioral performance and enhance motor output [1-3]. The actions of T often require its metabolic conversion into one or more active products. In brain, for example, T is converted into estradiol by the enzyme aromatase; in turn, this estrogen acts via estrogen receptors on discrete neural circuits to facilitate the performance of copulatory and aggressive behaviors, as well as a variety of other neural functions [1].. In many male reproductive tissues, T undergoes conversion into the potent androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) by one of two main isoforms (types 1 and 2) of the enzyme 5α-reductase [4-6]. This 5α-DHT ...
https://0-frontiersinzoology-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/s12983-016-0156-y
Mesolimbic pathway - WikipediaMesolimbic pathway - Wikipedia
It has been found that deltaFosB gene in the NAc is critical for reinforcing effects of sexual reward. Pitchers and colleagues (2010) reported that sexual experience was shown to cause DeltaFosB accumulation in several limbic brain regions including the NAc, medial pre-frontal cortex, VTA, caudate, and putamen, but not the medial preoptic nucleus. Next, the induction of c-Fos, a downstream (repressed) target of DeltaFosB, was measured in sexually experienced and naive animals. The number of mating-induced c-Fos-IR cells was significantly decreased in sexually experienced animals compared to sexually naive controls. Finally, DeltaFosB levels and its activity in the NAc were manipulated using viral-mediated gene transfer to study its potential role in mediating sexual experience and experience-induced facilitation of sexual performance. Animals with DeltaFosB overexpression displayed enhanced facilitation of sexual performance with sexual experience relative to controls. In contrast, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolimbic_pathway
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Trabajos del Instituto Cajal (2005), 80. One of the best-characterized actions of steroids is the regulation of brain areas involved in endocrine function and in the activation of reproductive behaviors in male and female vertebrates. Progress ... [more ▼]. One of the best-characterized actions of steroids is the regulation of brain areas involved in endocrine function and in the activation of reproductive behaviors in male and female vertebrates. Progress in the understanding of the mechanisms that control the expression of the eukaryotic genome by nuclear receptors has brought forward the importance of steroid receptor coactivators in mediating efficient gene transcription. However, little is know about the specific physiological requirements of these coactivators in vivo. In Japanese quail, testosterone treatment of castrated males restores the full copulatory behavior and increases the volume of the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus (POM) to the level observed in intact males ...
http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/browse?type=author&sort_by=1&order=DESC&rpp=20&etal=3&value=Balthazart%2C+Jacques+p000760&offset=180
C. elegans male tail development - CaltechTHESISC. elegans male tail development - CaltechTHESIS
The C. elegans hook sensillum is a male copulatory structure developed from the hook sensillum competence group (HCG), P(9-11).p. Male P(9-11).p each adopt one of three potential fates (1º, 2º, or 3º), forming an invariant spatial pattern of 3º-2º-1º. I examined HCG fate specification in various genetic backgrounds and found that both lin-17 Frizzled-like Wnt receptor and bar-1 [beta]-catenin are predominantly expressed in 1º P11.p. Activation of the bar-1 canonical Wnt pathway by a pry-1(Axin) mutation changes the competence of the anterior P(3-8).p cells and induces ectopic 1º HCG fate. I also found that the Hox gene mab-5 acts downstream of the Wnt pathway to determine HCG competence. Ectopic mab-5 expression, in conjunction with activated LIN-12 or EGF signaling, causes ectopic HCG fates in anterior P(1-8).p. Furthermore, epistatic interactions between lin-17 and lin-12 showed that generation of 2º HCG fate in P10.p by LIN-12/Notch activity depends on LIN-17-mediated Wnt signaling. ...
https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4547/
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Microbrotula greenfieldiMicrobrotula greenfieldi
Dorsal soft rays (total): 62-70; Anal soft rays: 58 - 61; Vertebrae: 45 - 47. This species is distinguished by the following set of characters: vertebrae 11-12 + 34-35 = 45-47; D 62-70, A 58-61, pectoral-fin rays 14, caudal-fin rays 6; anterior dorsal fin ray above vertebra 7-8; anterior anal fin ray below dorsal fin ray 14-15; anterior anal fin ray below vertebra 14; small forward-curved spine at lower angle of preopercle; head with separated scale patches on cheeks, operculum and occiput; papillae on lower jaw only; posterior mandibular pores absent; no lower preopercular pores; minute palatine teeth in single row; otolith length to otolith height, 2.0, otolith length to colliculum length, 2.4; male copulatory organ with 3 small papillae at base of genital hood (Ref. 88975). ...
http://www.fishbase.se/summary/64508
Journal Of Arachnology Volume 33 Issue #1 ContentsJournal Of Arachnology Volume 33 Issue #1 Contents
The effect of perceived predation risk on male courtship and copulatory behavior in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae, Lycosidae) ...
http://americanarachnology.org/JoA_tocs/JOA_contents_v33n1.html
ADW: Vultur gryphus: INFORMATIONADW: Vultur gryphus: INFORMATION
A pair of Andean condors may select a nest site and then roost in (or near) it for as much as two and a half months before mating actually begins. As the pair mate and the time draws near to the female laying their egg, they will gradually begin to roost closer and closer to the nest ledge until they are finally roosting overnight inside it.. The mating behavior of Andean condors differs between accounts in zoo settings and the limited observations of wild birds. Accounts of wild birds have been made at great distances without clear views or description of the display or copulatory behavior. The male display can begin with pre-display behavior that includes the male rubbing his head and neck against a tree or post. Also the male has been described to present the female with small twigs and straws that they both lodge in their wing feathers, immediately followed by the object falling to the ground. These behaviors were not observed in all cases, and no definite explanation was offered. It is ...
http://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/Vultur_gryphus.html
Alarm substance | fish secretion | BritannicaAlarm substance | fish secretion | Britannica
Other articles where Alarm substance is discussed: pheromone: …been shown to release a chemical from specialized epidermal cells that elicits a dispersal response from the school. Pheromones play a role in sexual attraction and copulatory behaviour, and they have been shown to influence the sexual development of many mammals as well as of insects such as termites and…
https://www.britannica.com/science/alarm-substance
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Fossa (animal) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFossa (animal) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Most of the details of reproduction in wild populations are from the western dry deciduous forests; determining whether or not certain of these details are applicable to eastern populations will require further field research.[15] Mating typically occurs during September and October,[4] although there are reports of its occurring as late as December,[15] and can be highly conspicuous.[9] In captivity in the Northern Hemisphere, fossas instead mate in the northern spring, from March to July.[16] Intromission usually occurs in trees on horizontal limbs about 20 m (66 ft) off the ground. Frequently the same tree is used year after year, with remarkable precision as to the date the season commences. Trees are often near a water source, and have limbs strong enough and wide enough to support the mating pair, about 20 cm (7.9 in) wide. Some mating has been reported on the ground as well.[15]. As many as eight males will be at a mating site, staying in close vicinity to the receptive female. The female ...
https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Fossa_
Parahepomadus vaubaniParahepomadus vaubani
Depth range from type locality (Ref. 329); to be replaced with a better reference. Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). ...
https://www.sealifebase.org/summary/Parahepomadus-vaubani.html
Bathymunida rudisBathymunida rudis
Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). ...
http://sealifebase.org/summary/Bathymunida-rudis.html
Periclimenes gonioporaePericlimenes gonioporae
Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). ...
http://sealifebase.ca/summary/Periclimenes-gonioporae.html
New evidence that BPA changes male behaviorNew evidence that BPA changes male behavior
Recent studies show early exposure to BPA can change male behavior in adulthood. Male mice showed less masculine behavior (less territorial marking).
http://wodmasters.com/new-evidence-that-bpa-alters-male-behavior-another-reason-to-avoid-plastic-water-bottles/
HARDCORE ZEN: Crazy Wisdom? Or Just Plain Nuts?HARDCORE ZEN: Crazy Wisdom? Or Just Plain Nuts?
My Guru, Adi Da Samraj, used many skillful means to bring his students in contact with their hidden agenda, while at the same time bringing them in contact with His free State of being . One of those means was sexual activity. After a while He did not use those means any longer. It was not necessary anymore, because we got the lesson We learned that it was His Being, His State of ultimate Freedom that enlightens the disciple. It is the effect of Good Company that allows the atmosphere to break open, to see what is our obstructions. Those sexual interactions were just done for the sake of instruction. Now it is clear that anytime when the student meditates in the Gurus Company the student meditates on the Gurus Realization, on Reality Itself. That is completely sufficient. All kinds of life problems arise daily, but in meditation on the Gurus Free State of Being , by that Grace, one can stand prior to what is arising and one can act in freedom relative to it. That is the Truth.. and I am glad ...
http://hardcorezen.blogspot.com/2011/12/crazy-wisdom-or-just-plain-nuts.html?showComment=1323224494530
HARDCORE ZEN: Crazy Wisdom? Or Just Plain Nuts?HARDCORE ZEN: Crazy Wisdom? Or Just Plain Nuts?
My Guru, Adi Da Samraj, used many skillful means to bring his students in contact with their hidden agenda, while at the same time bringing them in contact with His free State of being . One of those means was sexual activity. After a while He did not use those means any longer. It was not necessary anymore, because we got the lesson We learned that it was His Being, His State of ultimate Freedom that enlightens the disciple. It is the effect of Good Company that allows the atmosphere to break open, to see what is our obstructions. Those sexual interactions were just done for the sake of instruction. Now it is clear that anytime when the student meditates in the Gurus Company the student meditates on the Gurus Realization, on Reality Itself. That is completely sufficient. All kinds of life problems arise daily, but in meditation on the Gurus Free State of Being , by that Grace, one can stand prior to what is arising and one can act in freedom relative to it. That is the Truth.. and I am glad ...
http://hardcorezen.blogspot.com/2011/12/crazy-wisdom-or-just-plain-nuts.html?showComment=1323451740664
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Nucleus accumbens in male ms patients are also depressed (lothstein, 1982). Section v: Treatment of sexual relations with him. The turp is usually made by the fda for over a 6-year period. These include but are no longer need her if she was never able to last for six months of ssri antidepressant- induced anorgasmia. Goldstein i. Vasculogenic impotence: Its diagnosis and treatment is best for them. This means that as far as treatment for a sexual disorder or correction of penile injection therapy, translated into clinical terms. Cimetidine blocks testosterone synthesis. Bringing the partner to show much utility. Int j impot res 1994; 8:120. A wide variety of causes. Norepinephrine induced a profound effect on the gender change at whatever pace he or she can when she realized that she needed to fix his problem, the decision to engage in sexual interactions because of its constituents used individually in higher quantity than -adrenergic receptors ; third. It is a concomitant axis i and ii. ...
https://www.arohaphilanthropies.org/heal/levitra-glens-falls/96/
Descriptive essays: February 2018Descriptive essays: February 2018
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Experimental evolution under hyper-promiscuity in Drosophila melanogasterExperimental evolution under hyper-promiscuity in Drosophila melanogaster
In response to experimentally increased mating frequency, SPR- males evolved behavioural responses consistent with decreased male post-copulatory investment at each mating and decreased overall pre-copulatory performance. The trend towards increased SP gene expression might plausibly relate to funct …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27311887/
Why some animals still have a penis boneWhy some animals still have a penis bone
A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.K. has found a possible explanation for why some animals still have a penis bone-prolonged intromission. In their paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes their work studying the penis bone in a wide variety of animals and what the found.
https://phys.org/news/2018-09-animals-penis-bone.html
Tobacco Road - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliureTobacco Road - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliure
Tobacco Road és una pel·lícula de 1941 dirigida per John Ford i protagonitzada per Charley Grapewin, Marjorie Rambeau, Gene Tierney, William Tracy i Dana Andrews. Es tracta duna adaptació de la novel·la del mateix nom de lescriptor Erskine Caldwell publicada lany 1932. Retrat dels blancs pobres de Georgia i de la seva actitud immoral davant la vida, en un moment en què les terres estan habitades per la misèria. La pel·lícula evidencia les circumstàncies en què fou rodada per aprofitar el gran èxit popular de El raïm de la ira de lany anterior i amb constants intromissions del productor Zanuck que va incloure en els acabats el seu toc personal i propi de la 20th Century Fox.[1] ...
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_Road
RIDING THE WIND: Leadville 100 2009--DNFRIDING THE WIND: Leadville 100 2009--DNF
We hit the asphalt road to the Fish Hatchery side by side and ran into the aid station the same way in 3:06. I was a bit more efficient with my crew, so I headed back out a little before Tim but he soon rejoined me and we cruised down the black-top, both shirtless in anticipation of the rising sun in the cloudless sky on the shadeless road. Bottom line, we both ran way too fast through here over to Treeline/Pipeline. It wasnt a hard effort because we were both fit and rested and ready to roll but the entire time I was constantly reminding myself to slow the F down, this is 100 miles we have to run today, and whenever I would consciously slow Timmy would do the same, but always half-stepping, always wanting to go just a bit faster and before I would know it I would be right there by his side again. It was frustrating for me to get distracted by this sort of external stimulus. Either way, we hit the Pipeline turn-off (normally the Treeline crew access point, the Pipeline section being a course ...
http://antonkrupicka.blogspot.com/2009/08/leadville-100-2009-dnf.html?showComment=1423186532335
RIDING THE WIND: Leadville 100 2009--DNFRIDING THE WIND: Leadville 100 2009--DNF
We hit the asphalt road to the Fish Hatchery side by side and ran into the aid station the same way in 3:06. I was a bit more efficient with my crew, so I headed back out a little before Tim but he soon rejoined me and we cruised down the black-top, both shirtless in anticipation of the rising sun in the cloudless sky on the shadeless road. Bottom line, we both ran way too fast through here over to Treeline/Pipeline. It wasnt a hard effort because we were both fit and rested and ready to roll but the entire time I was constantly reminding myself to slow the F down, this is 100 miles we have to run today, and whenever I would consciously slow Timmy would do the same, but always half-stepping, always wanting to go just a bit faster and before I would know it I would be right there by his side again. It was frustrating for me to get distracted by this sort of external stimulus. Either way, we hit the Pipeline turn-off (normally the Treeline crew access point, the Pipeline section being a course ...
http://antonkrupicka.blogspot.com/2009/08/leadville-100-2009-dnf.html?showComment=1426247305746
Maintenance & Wear PartsMaintenance & Wear Parts
For More Than 100 Years, Rock Products has Been the Leading Voice of the Aggregates Industry A solid infrastructure is the key to a sound economy. And the nations infrastructure is dependent upon aggregates production. More than 90 percent of asphalt road pavement, and more than 80 percent of a concrete sidewalk, for instance, is comprised of aggregates. Rock Products is the leading source of industry information for U.S. and Canadian aggregates operations. Since 1896, stone producers have turned to Rock Products for market analysis and technology solutions. Rock Products industry-specific content, from its monthly print publication, special supplements and directories; to its website, digital editions and e-news alerts, maintains the same high editorial standard that was set more than a century ago.
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Risk Assessment 101Risk Assessment 101
For More Than 100 Years, Rock Products has Been the Leading Voice of the Aggregates Industry A solid infrastructure is the key to a sound economy. And the nations infrastructure is dependent upon aggregates production. More than 90 percent of asphalt road pavement, and more than 80 percent of a concrete sidewalk, for instance, is comprised of aggregates. Rock Products is the leading source of industry information for U.S. and Canadian aggregates operations. Since 1896, stone producers have turned to Rock Products for market analysis and technology solutions. Rock Products industry-specific content, from its monthly print publication, special supplements and directories; to its website, digital editions and e-news alerts, maintains the same high editorial standard that was set more than a century ago.
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Non-Reflected LightNon-Reflected Light
Wherever albedo values are less than 100%, some of the sunlight that strikes Earths surface is absorbed instead of reflected. As a surface absorbs solar radiation, it becomes warm and radiates heat energy to the air around it. For example, an asphalt road that absorbs solar radiation through the day becomes very hot, warming the air above it.. Watch the visualization below to see what happens to the light energy that is not reflected. Red arrows represent heat energy radiated by the surface.. ! Click the image to see the animation.. ...
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es1504/es1504page04.cfm?chapter_no=investigation
Female Chi Exhibiting Male BehaviorFemale Chi Exhibiting Male Behavior
Dogs - Cats - Terrific Pets is a website you can find information on dog breeds, dog breeders, dogs for sale, puppies for sale, dog names and more.
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PholcidaePholcidae
Bruvo-Madaric B., Huber B.A., Steinacher A., Pass G. 2005. Phylogeny of pholcid spiders (Araneae:Pholcidae): combined analysis using morphology and molecules. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 661-673.. Eberhard W.G., Brice o R.D. 1983. Chivalry in pholcid spiders. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 13: 189 195.. Gerhardt U. 1921. Vergleichende Studien ber die orphologie des m nnlichen Tasters und die Biologie der Kopulation der Spinnen. Arch. Naturgesch. 87: 78 247.. Gerhardt U. 1923. Weitere sexualbiologische Untersuchung an Spinnen. Arch. Naturgesch. 89: 1 225.. Gerhardt U. 1924. Weitere Studien ber die Biologie der Spinnen. Arch. Naturgesch. 90: 85 192. Gerhardt U. 1927. Neue biologische Untersuchungen an einheimischen und ausl ndischen Spinnen. Z. Morph. kol. Tiere 8: 96 186.. Gerhardt U. 1929. Zur vergleichenden Sexualbiologie primitiver Spinnen, insbesondere der Tetrapneumonen. Z. Morph. kol. Tiere 14: 699 764.. Huber B.A. 1994. Genital morphology, copulatory mechanism and reproductive ...
http://tolweb.org/Pholcidae/2719
WASM逆向分析 - Hk Mayfly - 博客园WASM逆向分析 - Hk Mayfly - 博客园
wasm是基于堆栈的虚拟机的二进制指令格式。在这次比赛中遇到，记录一下。 IDA反编译插件 下载地址：https://github.com/fireeye/idawasm 食用方法： install
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Mounting a Silentia screen can be performed in many different ways. A large number of mounting options makes it flexible enough to fit into any healthcare environment anywhere.
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The main olfactory system - Kidney Disease - Ormed Medical ExchangeThe main olfactory system - Kidney Disease - Ormed Medical Exchange
The role of olfaction, that is to say of the main olfactory system, in sexual behavior is not much better known than that of the vomeronasal system. If, to make things easy, we start with its role in copulatory behavior, a review of existing data tells us that the importance of the main olfactory system is modest. We have already insinuated that the elimination of olfactory input has variable effects. Early studies (Stone, 1922) showed that anosmia did not modify the copulatory behavior of male rats, not even in their first encounter with a receptive female. This observation was confirmed about 50 years later (Cain and Paxinos, 1974). However, later studies have not always replicated this observation. For example, Bergvall et al. (1991) reported that peripheral anosmia reduced the intensity of male rat copulatory behavior when the subjects had been anosmic for a month. After one week, though, their behavior was unaffected. Anosmia-induced degeneration of neurons in the olfactory bulb may be the ...
https://www.ormedmedical.us/kidney-disease/the-main-olfactory-system.html
Validation of a modified PCR-based method for identifying mutant restricted ovulator chickens: Substantiation of genotypic...Validation of a modified PCR-based method for identifying mutant restricted ovulator chickens: Substantiation of genotypic...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Validation of a modified PCR-based method for identifying mutant restricted ovulator chickens. T2 - Substantiation of genotypic classification by phenotypic traits. AU - Elkin, R. G.. AU - Zhong, Y.. AU - Porter, R. E.. AU - Walzem, R. L.. PY - 2003/4. Y1 - 2003/4. N2 - Upon photostimulation, restricted ovulator (RO) female chickens exhibit endogenous hyperlipidemia, develop atherosclerotic lesions, and generally fail to lay eggs. This phenotype results from a point mutation in the gene specifying the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), whose protein product normally mediates the massive oocytic uptake of egg yolk precursors from the circulation. Taking advantage of the single base change in the mutant VLDLR allele, a PCR-based method for the rapid identification of RO chickens was developed at the Biocenter and University of Vienna, Austria. However, this procedure was incompletely validated because phenotypic data were not obtained and conventional progeny testing of ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/validation-of-a-modified-pcr-based-method-for-identifying-mutant-
Frontiers | Sexual activity increases the number of newborn cells in the accessory olfactory bulb of male rats | Frontiers in...Frontiers | Sexual activity increases the number of newborn cells in the accessory olfactory bulb of male rats | Frontiers in...
In rodents, sexual behavior depends on the adequate detection of sexually relevant stimuli. The olfactory bulb (OB) is a region of the adult mammalian brain undergoing constant cell renewal by continuous integration of new granular and periglomerular neurons in the accessory (AOB) and main (MOB) olfactory bulbs. The proliferation, migration, survival, maturation, and integration of these new cells to the OB depend on the stimulus that the subjects received. We have previously shown that 15 days after females control (paced) the sexual interaction an increase in the number of cells is observed in the AOB. No changes are observed in the number of cells when females are not allowed to control the sexual interaction. In the present study we investigated if in male rats sexual behavior increases the number of new cells in the OB. Male rats were divided in five groups: 1) males that did not receive any sexual stimulation, 2) males that were exposed to female odors, 3) males that mated for 1 h and could not
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2012.00025/full
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ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Trabajos del Instituto Cajal (2009), LXXXII. Steroid receptors such as estrogen receptors alpha and beta and androgen receptors are transcription factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of a large number of target genes. Steroid-dependent ... [more ▼]. Steroid receptors such as estrogen receptors alpha and beta and androgen receptors are transcription factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of a large number of target genes. Steroid-dependent expression in the brain controls a large array of biological processes including spatial cognition, copulatory behavior and neuroprotection. The discovery of a competition, or squelching, between two different nuclear receptors introduced the notion that common cofactors might be involved in the modulation of transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. These cofactors, which are now known as coactivators, are involved in chromatin remodeling and stabilization of the general transcription machinery. Since the characterization of ...
http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/browse?type=author&sort_by=1&order=DESC&rpp=20&etal=3&value=Charlier%2C+Thierry+p003223&offset=40
drug rehab in mccully moiliili honolulu hi | drug rehab in harvard place eastlawn san antonio txdrug rehab in mccully moiliili honolulu hi | drug rehab in harvard place eastlawn san antonio tx
Blum K, Werner T, Carnes S, Carnes P, Bowirrat A, Giordano J, Oscar-Berman M, Gold M (2012). Sex, drugs, and rock n roll: hypothesizing common mesolimbic activation as a function of reward gene polymorphisms. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 44 (1): 38-55. doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.662112. PMC 4040958. PMID 22641964. It has been found that deltaFosB gene in the NAc is critical for reinforcing effects of sexual reward. Pitchers and colleagues (2010) reported that sexual experience was shown to cause DeltaFosB accumulation in several limbic brain regions including the NAc, medial pre-frontal cortex, VTA, caudate, and putamen, but not the medial preoptic nucleus. Next, the induction of c-Fos, a downstream (repressed) target of DeltaFosB, was measured in sexually experienced and naive animals. The number of mating-induced c-Fos-IR cells was significantly decreased in sexually experienced animals compared to sexually naive controls. Finally, DeltaFosB levels and its activity in the NAc were ...
https://drugrehabme.com/drug-rehab-in-skyview-meadows-madison-wi.html
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Importance of a Positive Self-Image | SexInfo OnlineImportance of a Positive Self-Image | SexInfo Online
On the other hand, relationships benefit when both partners develop positive self-images. Individuals who have a healthy self-concept are often more open, expressive, and intimate with their significant others, which leads to more secure attachments. This is because when people perceive themselves as loveable and trustworthy, they will be more likely to openly and securely love and trust their partners.. Being self-confident also has a positive effect on peoples satisfaction with their sexuality and sexual interactions. Pleasurable sexual activities require disclosure of private aspects of the self that people with poor body images are often uncomfortable with. People who are discontented with their bodies often experience sexual problems, such as the inability to orgasm, while individuals who are comfortable and secure with their bodies often find their sexual experiences to be more enjoying and fulfilling. Being confident and familiar with your body will improve almost any sexual ...
http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/node/351
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Biking Ethiopia BlogBiking Ethiopia Blog
INTERESTED IN A ROAD BIKE TOUR OUT OF THE ORDINARY? Ethiopia is an wonderful country to visit - also when it comes to cycling.. A network of asphalt roads spreads out from the capitol Addis Ababa to different corners of the country. They take you either through warm savanna, or hot desert, through fertile middle hills or the highlands. The variation is enormous, the landscape is breathtaking, and the opportunities are many. We are a Danish provider of road bike tours in Ethiopia. We arrange road bike tours that are both challenging and rewarding ...
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Female Ejaculation and the G-Spot | The Smitten KittenFemale Ejaculation and the G-Spot | The Smitten Kitten
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Little Known Facts About Leyzene2.Little Known Facts About Leyzene2.
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Copulation[edit]. Main article: Sexual intercourse. Human reproduction naturally takes place as internal fertilization by ... Human reproduction normally begins with copulation, followed by nine months of pregnancy before childbirth, though it may be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproduction
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Fishes/Archive 3Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Fishes/Archive 3
RFC at Talk:Copulation#Should_the_Copulation_article_exist.3F. You may want to participate in the RFC at Talk:Copulation#Should ... the_Copulation_article_exist.3F --Philcha (talk) 12:05, 9 April 2011 (UTC) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fishes/Archive_3
Sexual intercourseSexual intercourse
... such as by cloacal copulation. For most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at the point of estrus (the most fertile ... Before mating and copulation, the male spider spins a small web and ejaculates on to it. He then stores the sperm in reservoirs ... Coitus and copulation are both technical terms for sexual intercourse. The male sex act involves an erection, in which the limp ... Copulation, by contrast, more often denotes the mating process, especially for non-human animals; it can mean a variety of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_intercourse
Venezuelan SpanishVenezuelan Spanish
Copulation. Lit. Dust. Ponsigué = n. Ber. Prendido(a) = adj. Tipsy, wanting more. Lit. Ignited, turned on. Puta = n. Used in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelan_Spanish
Capital punishment in CaliforniaCapital punishment in California
... oral copulation; burglary; arson; train wrecking; mayhem; rape by instrument; carjacking; torture; poisoning (17) the murder ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_California
Pelvic thrustPelvic thrust
In whitetail deer, copulation consists of a single pelvic thrust. One of the first to perform this move on stage was Elvis ... The pelvic thrust is used during copulation by many species of mammals, including humans, or for other sexual activities (such ... copulation thrusting. Bruce Bagemihl (15 January 1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_thrust
Canine reproductionCanine reproduction
... and the females mentally and physically become receptive to copulation. It is only during estrus that copulation will result in ... CopulationEdit. "Copulatory tie" redirects here. For copulatory tying in non-canine animals, see Fossa (animal) § Breeding, ... As with most tetrapods, canine copulation involves the male mounting the female from behind, a position that is referred to as ... Virgin dogs can become quite distressed at finding themselves unable to separate during their first copulation, and may try to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_reproduction
Mora witch trialMora witch trial
Music and copulation. Building a stone house to preserve the witches at the Day of Judgement, but the walls were perpetually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_witch_trial
Letter-winged kiteLetter-winged kite
Copulation often follows. There does not appear to be a set breeding season; instead, the species forms nesting colonies in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter-winged_kite
Red-footed falconRed-footed falcon
Copulation then occurred. After copulation, the female returned to sit in the nest until the male fed her again. This behaviour ... The frequent copulations and lengthy stay of the female in the nest suggested incubation but the researchers did not check the ... Frequent copulation was interspersed with joint inspections of the magpie nest. The morning after the aforementioned ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-footed_falcon
Mohja KahfMohja Kahf
"Copulation in English." Paris Review #164 Winter 2002-2003, p. 76. Novel, The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf 2006, Carroll & Graf ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohja_Kahf
Monobia quadridensMonobia quadridens
Copulation lasts for 30 minutes in M. quadridens, while in most wasp species, it only lasts a minute or two. It nests in a ... ISBN 978-0-19-530785-6. Kenneth G. Ross & Robert W. Matthews (1991). "Courtship and copulation". The Social biology of wasps. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monobia_quadridens
Life in SquaresLife in Squares
Copulation a tremendous success!' Attagirl". In The Independent, Ellen E Jones was less impressed, writing: "The romantic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_in_Squares
Gunnisons prairie dogGunnison's prairie dog
Copulation usually occurs underground. Females produce one litter per year of four to five pups. Once the pups are born, the ... Hoogland, John L. "Estrus and copulation of Gunnison's prairie dogs." Journal of Mammalogy 79.3 (1998): 887-897. "Gunnison's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnison's_prairie_dog
DromedaryDromedary
Copulation begins with foreplay; the male smells the female's genitalia and often bites her there or around her hump. The male ... Copulation takes from 7 to 35 minutes, averaging 11 to 15 minutes. Normally, three to four ejaculations occur. The semen of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromedary
Tandonia nigraTandonia nigra
Copulation occurs in July. Adults, semiadults and juveniles were observed simultaneously from May to October. The life cycle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandonia_nigra
MonogamyMonogamy
It is becoming clear that even animals that are overtly socially monogamous engage in extra-pair copulations. For example, ... This is called extra-pair copulation. Sometimes these extra-pair sexual activities lead to offspring. Genetic tests frequently ... Welsh, D., Sedinger, J.S. (1990). "Extra-Pair copulations in Black Brant". The Condor. 92 (1): 242-4. doi:10.2307/1368407. ... doi:10.1163/156853983X00390.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Reichard, U. (1995). "Extra-pair Copulations in a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogamy
Tree swallowTree swallow
Copulation occurs multiple times. Eggs are laid from early May to mid-June (although this is happening earlier due to climate ... During copulation, the male hovers over the female, and then mounts her, giving ticking calls. He then makes cloacal contact ... The male often utters a ticking (or rasping) aggression call during copulation, and both sexes use it at the end of mobbing ... Females may also choose sperm after copulation to ensure a compatible mate. In support of this theory, a 2007 study found that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_swallow
Dicladispa armigeraDicladispa armigera
Copulation requires ~1 hour. Postcopulatory behaviors are brief. D. armigera are known to cause significant plant damage, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicladispa_armigera
D. Frank McKinneyD. Frank McKinney
"Forced copulation in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): II. Temporal factors" from 1982 and "Forced Copulation in Captive ... with Kimberly Ming Tak Cheng & Jeffrey Thomas Burns (1983). "Forced Copulation in Captive Mallards III. Sperm Competition" (PDF ... with Kimberly Ming Tak Cheng & Jeffrey Thomas Burns (1982). "Forced copulation in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): II. ... with Pierre Mineau & Scott Richard Derrickson (1983). "Forced Copulation in Waterfowl". Behaviour. 86 (3/4): 250-294. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._Frank_McKinney
ElapheElaphe
After copulation, Elaphe spp. seek an appropriate place to lay the developing eggs. They usually lay eggs in the soft heart of ... They continue in such position, which is then followed by dancing for up to an hour before copulation, during which the male ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaphe
Indianmeal mothIndianmeal moth
Thus, copulation rarely occurs. Even when courtship does continue to a later stage, the female of the other species rejects the ... For males, it is vital to ensure paternity after copulation. To ensure this trait, males who mate with a female first (before ... and nutrients into the bursa copulatrix of the female during copulation. Other donations after the first mating are smaller in ... which facilitates copulation. Indian-meal moths are known to mate multiple times. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianmeal_moth
Broadnosed pipefishBroadnosed pipefish
Courtship and copulation follow a stereotyped pattern, beginning when one fish identifies a prospective mate nearby and ... Males, on the other hand, can selectively absorb the eggs of lower-quality females after copulation. By doing so, the male ... "Pipefish Courtship and Copulation". W. W. Norton & Company. Berglund, Anders; Rosenqvist, Gunilla; Svensson, Ingrid (1988). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadnosed_pipefish
Sexual conflictSexual conflict
The duration of copulation can be extremely long. For water strider Aquarius najas it was a total of 3 months. For water ... Forced copulation (sexual coercion) by males occurs in a wide range of species and may elicit behaviors such as aggression, ... Males cannot force copulation; however, while females lay eggs fertilized from a previous mating, a new male mounts the female ... During forced copulation, male water striders (genus Gerris) attack females. As a result, a struggle occurs because the female ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_conflict
Pier Paolo PasoliniPier Paolo Pasolini
Pasolini, Pier Paolo (1 January 1975). "L'aborto il coito" [Abortion, Copulation]. Corriere della Sera. Archived from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini
Black-tailed jackrabbitBlack-tailed jackrabbit
Ovulation is induced by copulation. The breeding season is variable depending upon latitude and environmental factors. In the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-tailed_jackrabbit
DibatagDibatag
Once in close contact with the female, he slowly raises his foreleg between her hindlegs; this is followed by copulation. After ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibatag
Amegilla dawsoniAmegilla dawsoni
After this, copulation is complete. Female bees will rarely mate more than once - this causes fierce competition between males ... Therefore, recently mated females are still attractive to patrolling bees, and must actively resist copulation. The shift ... after which he will begin copulation, which occurs in 3 phases. In the first phase, the male will mount the female and will ... or interior region of copulation, and a curved maxillary palpus with distinctive surrounding fringe. These traits when ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amegilla_dawsoni
Heuglins gazelleHeuglin's gazelle
Copulation lasts a few seconds; the male stands upright on the hindfeet and mounts the female. Gestation lasts 184 to 189 days ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuglin's_gazelle
WildcatWildcat
Ovulation is induced through copulation. Spermatogenesis occurs throughout the year. During the mating season, males fight ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat
Coordinating Copulation | HHMI.orgCoordinating Copulation | HHMI.org
Worm sex and human sex are surprisingly similar-in some ways. HHMI investigator Cornelia Bargmann recently showed that worms and mammals use the same types of brain chemicals, known as neuropeptides, to coordinate their reproductive behaviors.
https://www.hhmi.org/node/22369
Russian copulation - WikipediaRussian copulation - Wikipedia
In cryptography, Russian copulation is a method of rearranging plaintext before encryption so as to conceal stereotyped headers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_copulation
Copulation (zoology) - WikipediaCopulation (zoology) - Wikipedia
... are specific to copulation. These innate processes direct heterosexual copulation. Female lordosis behaviour became secondary ... Before mating and copulation, the male spider spins a small web and ejaculates on to it. He then stores the sperm in reservoirs ... In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the females body, especially directly ... The duration of copulation varies significantly between mammal species, and may be correlated with body mass, lasting longer in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copulation_(zoology)
RhymeZone: copulations definitionsRhymeZone: copulations definitions
Definitions of copulation: *noun: the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the mans penis is inserted into the ... Search for copulation at other dictionaries: OneLook, Oxford, American Heritage, Merriam-Webster, Wikipedia. ...
http://www.rhymezone.com/r/d=copulations
Biology: Complex Copulation | Princeton Alumni WeeklyBiology: Complex Copulation | Princeton Alumni Weekly
Most organisms produce offspring to pass on their genetic information and continue the species. Some bacteria and plants achieve this by budding or cloning, creating exact copies of themselves.
https://paw.princeton.edu/node/84471
Download Animal Birds Copulations European, birds, outdoor, weights...Download Animal Birds Copulations European, birds, outdoor, weights...
Animal Birds Copulations European: 2 assigned downloads, like Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea, mating, Texel Island, Netherlands ... Similar tags: animal • birds • canadian • copulations • daytime • european • females • goose • jens schmitz • males • outdoor ...
https://www.tradebit.com/tagworld.php/animal+birds+copulations+european
Ovulation, Meet Copulation! The Beauty of Efficiency in Wild Sex... - Scientific American Blog NetworkOvulation, Meet Copulation! The Beauty of Efficiency in Wild Sex... - Scientific American Blog Network
I discuss the fact that in certain animals the processes of ovulation and copulation are coupled. How very efficient in terms ... nice to see that at least some animals are maximizing their chances of successful fertilization with each bout of copulation. ...
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/psi-vid/ovulation-meet-copulation-the-beauty-of-efficiency-in-wild-sex/
Insects | Free Full-Text | Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and...Insects | Free Full-Text | Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and...
Herein, we summarize the mating biology of honey bees, the changes queens undergo during and after copulation, and the role of ... Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and Health: A Review by Laura M. ... "Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and Health: A Review." Insects 10, ... Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and Health: A Review. Insects. 2019 ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/1/8
Poultry researchers found that domestic cockerels allocate sperm differently according to the quality of copulation; new...Poultry researchers found that domestic cockerels 'allocate sperm differently according to the quality of copulation'; new...
Poultry researchers found that domestic cockerels "allocate sperm differently according to the quality of copulation"; new ... Poultry researchers found that domestic cockerels "allocate sperm differently according to the quality of copulation"; new ...
https://harpers.org/harper_finding/poultry-researchers-found-that-domestic-cockerels-allocate-sperm-differently-according-to-the-quality-of-copulation-new-mates-tend-to-receive-more-sperm-than-familiar-partners-and/
Educated Earth // Videos - Biology & Medicine - Human Copulation MRIEducated Earth // Videos - Biology & Medicine - Human Copulation MRI
First released video footage of Dr. Pek van Andels study Magnetic resonance imaging of male and female genitals during coitus and female sexual arousal.
http://www.educatedearth.net/video.php?id=3940
Tadapox Gives Surprising Efficacy during CopulationTadapox Gives Surprising Efficacy during Copulation
This means that he will not be able to attain complete or even partially erection for having copulation. Early climax however ...
http://www.samrx.com/tadapox-gives-surprising-efficacy-during-copulation.aspx
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Regulation by male-specific fruitless of neural circuitry used during courtship and...Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Regulation by male-specific fruitless of neural circuitry used during courtship and...
Courtship and copulation behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster males are regulated by sex-specific products from the gene ... Regulation by male-specific fruitless of neural circuitry used during courtship and copulation behavior in Drosophila ... copulation success, and abdominal muscle development of EMS-mutagenized flies, resulting in one fly line in which homozygous ... males were impaired in their ability to initiate or maintain copulation. Further, I examined two characteristics, the initial ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/b2773z595
Male remating in Drosophila ananassae: evidence for interstrain variation for remating time and shorter duration of copulation...Male remating in Drosophila ananassae: evidence for interstrain variation for remating time and shorter duration of copulation...
Sisodia S, Singh B N (1996) Evidence for a positive correlation be-tween duration of copulation and fertility in Drosophila ... Eberhard W G (1994) Evidence for widespread courtship during copu-lation in 131 species of insects and spiders, and ... Male remating in Drosophila ananassae: evidence for interstrain variation for remating time and shorter duration of copulation ... ananassae: shorter duration of copulation during second mating as compared to first mating. J Biosci, 24: 427 431 ...
http://cogprints.org/1949/
Size and age at first copulation and spawning of the apple snail, <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Gastropoda:...Size and age at first copulation and spawning of the apple snail, <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Gastropoda:...
The size and age at first copulation and spawning of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, were determined at three food ... However, age at first copulation was similar among snails at all food levels. The food level appeared to affect the penis ... Females fed at the low food level delayed both first copulation and spawning longer than those at higher food levels. ... Consequently, their sizes at first copulation and spawning were smaller. The albumen gland of poorly fed snails was smaller at ...
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aez/37/1/37_1_199/_article
Zoosystematica Rossica - An instance of intergeneric copulation in the family Rhopalidae (Heteroptera): structure, functioning...Zoosystematica Rossica - An instance of intergeneric copulation in the family Rhopalidae (Heteroptera): structure, functioning...
An instance of intergeneric copulation in the family Rhopalidae (Heteroptera): structure, functioning and congruence of the ...
http://zin.ru/journals/zsr/publication.asp?id=1319
Caenorhabditis elegans Male Copulation Circuitry Incorporates Sex-Shared Defecation Components To Promote Intromission and...Caenorhabditis elegans Male Copulation Circuitry Incorporates Sex-Shared Defecation Components To Promote Intromission and...
However in the male, both neuron and muscle take on modified functions to promote successful copulation. Males require calcium- ... Caenorhabditis elegans Male Copulation Circuitry Incorporates Sex-Shared Defecation Components To Promote Intromission and ... Caenorhabditis elegans Male Copulation Circuitry Incorporates Sex-Shared Defecation Components To Promote Intromission and ... Caenorhabditis elegans Male Copulation Circuitry Incorporates Sex-Shared Defecation Components To Promote Intromission and ...
http://www.g3journal.org/content/early/2016/12/27/g3.116.036756
Ancient pheromone blend as an alternative for copulation in internally fertilizing salamanders [PeerJ Preprints]Ancient pheromone blend as an alternative for copulation in internally fertilizing salamanders [PeerJ Preprints]
... indicating that these molecules obviate the need for copulation in these salamanders. Surprisingly, our finding of side-by-side ... Ancient pheromone blend as an alternative for copulation in internally fertilizing salamanders. Ines Van Bocxlaer1, Dag Treer1 ... Ancient pheromone blend as an alternative for copulation in internally fertilizing salamanders. PeerJ PrePrints 2:e457v2 https ... indicating that these molecules obviate the need for copulation in these salamanders. Surprisingly, our finding of side-by-side ...
https://peerj.com/preprints/457/
Displaying items by tag: copulation - The Inner OtterDisplaying items by tag: copulation - The Inner Otter
You are here:Home>Biology>General Biology>Basic Behaviors>Displaying items by tag: copulation - The Inner Otter ...
https://theinnerotter.ucsc.edu/biology/general-biology/basic-behaviors/itemlist/tag/copulation
Human reproduction - WikipediaHuman reproduction - Wikipedia
Copulation[edit]. Main article: Sexual intercourse. Human reproduction naturally takes place as internal fertilization by ... Human reproduction normally begins with copulation, followed by nine months of pregnancy before childbirth, though it may be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproduction
Eagle copulation | The Coastodian Eagle copulation | The Coastodian
Tag Archives: Eagle copulation Birds of Tomales Bay - The eagle(s) have landed. Posted on March 23, 2015. by Coastodian ... Posted in Birds of Tomales Bay , Tagged Bald Eagle, Bald eagles, Birds of Tomales Bay, Eagle copulation, Eagle mating, tomales ...
https://coastodian.org/tag/eagle-copulation/
Sexual Assault: Definitions | Spartans for Safety | San Jose State UniversitySexual Assault: Definitions | Spartans for Safety | San Jose State University
Force Oral Copulation. Oral copulation is the act of copulating the mouth of one person with the sexual organ or anus of ...
https://www.sjsu.edu/spartansforsafety/sexual_assault/overview/definitions/index.html
Generic Cialis For Memorable Nights Of CopulationGeneric Cialis For Memorable Nights Of Copulation
Life Cycle of a CentipedeLife Cycle of a Centipede
Copulation. The male centipedes deposit a package of sperm for the female to find and take up to combine with her eggs. Some ...
https://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6553398_life-cycle-centipede.html
Earth Times: news/372538,australia-re-commits-exporting-uranium.htmlEarth Times: news/372538,australia-re-commits-exporting-uranium.html
Copulation was invented by ancient fish. Posted Mon, 20 Oct 2014 14:20:43 GMT by Dave Armstrong ...
http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/news/372538,australia-re-commits-exporting-uranium.html
Earth Times: show/laguna-guitars-launches-one-guitar-one-tree-reforestation-initiative,360155.shtmlEarth Times: show/laguna-guitars-launches-one-guitar-one-tree-reforestation-initiative,360155.shtml
Copulation was invented by ancient fish. Posted Mon, 20 Oct 2014 14:20:43 GMT by Dave Armstrong ...
http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/laguna-guitars-launches-one-guitar-one-tree-reforestation-initiative,360155.shtml
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Fishes/Archive 3 - WikipediaWikipedia talk:WikiProject Fishes/Archive 3 - Wikipedia
RFC at Talk:Copulation#Should_the_Copulation_article_exist.3F. You may want to participate in the RFC at Talk:Copulation#Should ... the_Copulation_article_exist.3F --Philcha (talk) 12:05, 9 April 2011 (UTC) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fishes/Archive_3
Canine reproduction - WikipediaCanine reproduction - Wikipedia
... and the females mentally and physically become receptive to copulation. It is only during estrus that copulation will result in ... CopulationEdit. "Copulatory tie" redirects here. For copulatory tying in non-canine animals, see Fossa (animal) § Breeding, ... As with most tetrapods, canine copulation involves the male mounting the female from behind, a position that is referred to as ... Virgin dogs can become quite distressed at finding themselves unable to separate during their first copulation, and may try to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_reproduction
Testosterone and eye-brain asymmetry for copulation in chickens<...Testosterone and eye-brain asymmetry for copulation in chickens<...
Rogers, L. J. ; Zappia, J. V. ; Bullock, S. P. / Testosterone and eye-brain asymmetry for copulation in chickens. In: ... Rogers, L. J., Zappia, J. V., & Bullock, S. P. (1985). Testosterone and eye-brain asymmetry for copulation in chickens. ... Rogers, LJ, Zappia, JV & Bullock, SP 1985, Testosterone and eye-brain asymmetry for copulation in chickens, Experientia, vol ... Testosterone and eye-brain asymmetry for copulation in chickens. / Rogers, L. J.; Zappia, J. V.; Bullock, S. P. ...
https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/testosterone-and-eye-brain-asymmetry-for-copulation-in-chickens
best medicine to enhance copulation time alongwith their cost in india. how long the medicines to be used? what is the minimum...best medicine to enhance copulation time alongwith their cost in india. how long the medicines to be used? what is the minimum...
best medicine to enhance copulation time alongwith their cost in india. how long the medicines to be used? what is the minimum ... best medicine to enhance copulation time alongwith their cost in india. how long the medicines to be used? what is the minimum ... best medicine to enhance copulation time alongwith their cost in india. how long the medicines to be used? what is the minimum ...
http://www.consultation.ayurvediccure.com/best-medicine-to-enhance-copulation-time-alongwith-their-cost-in-india-how-long-the-medicines-to-be-used-what-is-the-minimum-period-after-which-the-result-can-be-felt/
Volume 221 Issue 5181, 15 February 1969Volume 221 Issue 5181, 15 February 1969
Responses of Rat Testes and Accessory Glands to Testosterone, Pilocarpine and Copulation *W. LYNN HUNT ...
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/221/issues/5181?error=cookies_not_supported&code=24fe1371-9289-41aa-a8b8-a54f6a91f317
MalesCourtship and copulationDrosophilaMatingFemalesDurationBehavioralFertilityMaleInseminationSpeciesFemaleGenitaliaFertilizationPenisPheromonesMammalsGeneticFrequencyOralAlouattaAnimalsProcessesReproductionBrazilPregnancyTimeGroupSubject
Males10
  • In males, the act of copulation is more complex, because some learning is necessary, but the innate processes (retrocontrol of penis intromission in the vagina, rhythmic movement of the pelvis, detection of female pheromones) are specific to copulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Courtship and copulation behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster males are regulated by sex-specific products from the gene fruitless (fru). (oregonstate.edu)
  • 25°C). Males fed at a low food level started copulation at smaller sizes than males at higher food levels. (go.jp)
  • While the majority of rapes are committed by males against females as acts of vaginal penetration, the term "sexual assault" includes other acts of sexual violation, such as unwanted touching and/or molestation, assaults perpetrated against males, acts committed with foreign objects, forced oral copulation, forced sodomy. (sjsu.edu)
  • Males engaged in copulation, flehmen and mounting more with oestrous cows who conceived than with those who failed to conceive. (ac.ke)
  • The change in mating behavior that results from inhibition of Obp56h expression is accompanied by significant alterations in cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition, including reduction in 5-tricosene (5-T), an inhibitory sex pheromone produced by males that increases copulation latency during courtship. (g3journal.org)
  • We found that males from the high mating frequency SPR- populations evolved decreased ability to inhibit the receptivity of their mates and decreased copulation duration, in line with predictions of decreased per-mating investment with increased sperm competition. (nih.gov)
  • The mating inhibition after repeated copulation (sexual satiety) and its re-commencement after changing the sexually active partner (Coolidge effect) are well recognized phenomena in males, but their occurrence in females is little explored. (czaw.org)
  • Subordinate males allocate high numbers of sperm to initial copulations, regardless of female availability or quality. (wwnorton.com)
  • Courtship before intromission is generally quick and tactile, but there are some cases in which males offer a glandular secretion produced in their chelicerae before copulation as a nuptial gift for their mates. (biomedsearch.com)
Courtship and copulation2
  • Further, FRU[superscript M] likely directs multiple downstream targets, in different subsets of neurons in which it is expressed, which collectively provide correct development of neural circuits underlying courtship and copulation behavior. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Several general behaviors have been described including seasonal sexual segregation, courtship and copulation. (springer.com)
Drosophila4
  • This is the first report in the genus Drosophila which provides evidence for interstrain variations for male remating time as well as for shorter duration of copulation during second mating as compared to first mating in D. ananassae. (cogprints.org)
  • Mating latency, duration of copulation and fertility in four species of the Drosophila bipectinata complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Significant interspecific variations in mean duration of copulation and fertility were observed in four species of the Drosophila bipectinata species complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ovipositor Extrusion Promotes the Transition from Courtship to Copulation and Signals Female Acceptance in Drosophila melanogaster. (ox.ac.uk)
Mating15
  • Before mating and copulation, the male spider spins a small web and ejaculates on to it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herein, we summarize the mating biology of honey bees, the changes queens undergo during and after copulation, and the role of drone semen and seminal fluid in post-mating changes in queens. (mdpi.com)
  • ananassae: shorter duration of copulation during second mating as compared to first mating. (cogprints.org)
  • Here, we explore how components of the sex-shared defecation circuitry are incorporated into the sex-specific male mating circuitry in Caenorhabditis elegans to produce successful copulation. (g3journal.org)
  • During the evolution of insects, an effective position during copulation promoted higher fecundity through control over the act of mating or elimination of competitors. (naturalis.nl)
  • Usually during insect copulation, either twisting or flexing of the male abdomen occurs, and genitals remain symmetrically or asymmetrically disposed following changes in the mating position. (naturalis.nl)
  • In field and laboratory studies of birds, positive associations between male phenotype and success at obtaining extra-pair copulations or extra pair fertilizations are often interpreted as providing evidence that females are using extra-pair copulations to obtain indirect benefits for their offspring, either through genes for increased viability, or for a fisherian mating advantage. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This paper address the question of how important extra-pair copulations (ECP) in human mating strategies. (blogspot.com)
  • Intersexual: Intrasexual: Female selects a mate -Male vs. Male Intrasexual: Intersexual: Intersexual: Intrasexual: before mating during and after mating Post-copulation: Pre-copulation: -Traits do not guarantee individual's ability to survive. (prezi.com)
  • Similarly, D. malerkotliana showed negative correlation between mating latency and duration of copulation . (bvsalud.org)
  • These results suggest that D. pseudoananassae has distant relatedness from the other three species with respect to mating latency, duration of copulation and fertility which supports the previous findings. (bvsalud.org)
  • These two phenomena were compared in conditions when the female regulates copulation timing (pacing) and under non-paced mating. (czaw.org)
  • In the non-paced mating situation there was a reduction in ear wiggling and hop/darting frequencies after 3 h of constant copulation. (czaw.org)
  • Data are discussed by comparing the mating conditions and the sex differences in the effect of repeated copulation and partner replacement. (czaw.org)
  • The mating pair interacts briefly before copulation, but the male touches the female both during and after penetration while she oviposits. (biomedsearch.com)
Females8
  • Females fed at the low food level delayed both first copulation and spawning longer than those at higher food levels. (go.jp)
  • 2. Estrus is the next stage, in which estrogen levels are high, mature eggs are released from ovaries, and the females mentally and physically become receptive to copulation . (wikipedia.org)
  • These components are passed to females during copulation and then stored within the spermatheca. (biologists.org)
  • Under such a model, females pursue extra-pair copulations as insurance against the functional infertility of their mate, and obtain only direct benefits for themselves in their current reproductive event. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Females, it has become clear, are remarkably promiscuous and have evolved an astonishing array of strategies, employed both before and after copulation, to determine exactly who will father their offspring. (google.ca)
  • Here, we show a novel role for ovipositor extrusion in promoting male copulation attempts in virgin and mated females and signaling acceptance in virgins. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, if the ovipositor is not subsequently retracted, copulation is prevented, as it happens with mated females. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Females may lay their eggs immediately or in the months after copulation, and the oviposition strategies seem to be related to the length of the ovipositor. (biomedsearch.com)
Duration2
  • The duration of copulation varies significantly between mammal species, and may be correlated with body mass, lasting longer in small mammals than in large mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, D. bipectinata showed positive correlation between duration of copulation and fertility . (bvsalud.org)
Behavioral1
  • A detailed behavioral analysis revealed that during courtship, the male repeatedly licks the female genitalia, independently of ovipositor extrusion, and that licking an extruded ovipositor prompts a copulation attempt. (ox.ac.uk)
Fertility1
  • I assessed fertility, copulation success, and abdominal muscle development of EMS-mutagenized flies, resulting in one fly line in which homozygous mutant animals had a novel muscle phenotype. (oregonstate.edu)
Male14
  • In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into her reproductive tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • However in the male, both neuron and muscle take on modified functions to promote successful copulation. (g3journal.org)
  • As with most tetrapods , canine copulation involves the male mounting the female from behind, a position that is referred to as " doggy style " but does not have a specifically known origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike human sexual intercourse , where the male penis commonly becomes erect before entering the female, canine copulation involves the male first penetrating the female, after which swelling of the penis to erection occurs, which usually happens rapidly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we present the unusual case of a 'belly-to-belly' copulation, with symmetrically positioned male genitals and no twisting of the abdomen. (naturalis.nl)
  • In the former case there is potential for incest: however, 70% of 30 copulations observed were between the dominant female of one pack and a male from an adjoining pack. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Copulation, involving a subadult male ring-necked parakeet. (cabi.org)
  • Genetic silencing of the descending neurons shows that ovipositor extrusion stimulates the male to attempt copulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we reveal a dual function of the ovipositor: while its extrusion is necessary for initiating copulation by the male, its retraction signals female acceptance. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We thus uncover the significance of the communication between male and female that initiates the transition from courtship to copulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 1. The male organ of copulation in higher vertebrates. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • the male organ of copulation and, in mammals, of urinary excretion. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The male organ of urination and copulation. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Copulation is often followed by a period of mate guarding in which the female is held or constantly touched by the male (see table 12.1 in Machado & Macias-Ordonez 2007). (biomedsearch.com)
Insemination2
  • Human reproduction normally begins with copulation, followed by nine months of pregnancy before childbirth, though it may be achieved through artificial insemination . (wikipedia.org)
  • Firm matching of genitals during copulation is of critical importance to effective insemination and thus, gene flow. (naturalis.nl)
Species2
  • Copulation has been directly observed in captive settings for several species of elasmobranchs in large aquaria, and in the wild for three species of urolophids and for Triaenodon obesus and Ginglymostoma cirratum . (springer.com)
  • In this paper, we investigate the reproductive behavior of the gonyleptid Chavesincola inexpectabilis Soares & Soares 1946 (Heteropachylinae) and provide basic descriptive information about courtship, copulation, oviposition, and paternal care of this species. (biomedsearch.com)
Female2
  • courtship involves inducing the female to take up the sperm package into her genital opening, but there is no actual copulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In most female mammals, the act of copulation is controlled by several innate neurobiological processes, including the motor sexual reflex of lordosis. (wikipedia.org)
Genitalia1
  • Investigating the functional morphology of genitalia during copulation in the grasshopper Melanoplus rotundipennis (Scudder, 1878) via correlative microscopy in Journal of Morphology, 278 (2017) 334-359. (kit.edu)
Fertilization2
  • Internal fertilization with many vertebrates (such as reptiles, some fish, and most birds) occurs via cloacal copulation, known as cloacal kiss (see also hemipenis), while mammals copulate vaginally, and many basal vertebrates reproduce sexually with external fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's nice to see that at least some animals are maximizing their chances of successful fertilization with each bout of copulation. (scientificamerican.com)
Penis1
  • [ citation needed ] During copulation, and only after the male's penis is fully inside the female's vagina, the bulbus glandis becomes engorged with blood. (wikipedia.org)
Pheromones1
  • Here we show that uncleaved glycosylated SPF protein pheromones, secreted during courtship, are sufficient to elicit such behaviour in palmate newts (Lissotriton h. helveticus), indicating that these molecules obviate the need for copulation in these salamanders. (peerj.com)
Mammals1
  • Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284 (2017) 20171265. (kit.edu)
Genetic1
  • We raise the possibility that extra-pair copulations may be widespread in canid societies and that the monogamy supposedly fundamental to the family may be more sociological than genetic. (ox.ac.uk)
Frequency1
  • Castration or partial castration also reduces the frequency of courtship, copulation, and aggression. (nih.gov)
Oral2
  • Oral copulation is the act of copulating the mouth of one person with the sexual organ or anus of another person. (sjsu.edu)
  • The law, which dates back to 1805, makes it a crime against nature to engage in "unnatural copulation" -- a term New Orleans cops and the district attorney's office have interpreted to mean anal or oral sex. (jwz.org)
Alouatta1
  • Extra group copulations are rarely observed among the Alouatta genus, which lives in a fragmented area in Brazil . (bvsalud.org)
Animals1
  • In one of the latest episodes of 'Wild Sex', I discuss the fact that in certain animals the processes of ovulation and copulation are coupled. (scientificamerican.com)
Processes1
  • These innate processes direct heterosexual copulation. (wikipedia.org)
Reproduction1
  • Over a period of 2 1/2 years the occurrence of flehmen, mounting and copulation among members of a semi-wild cattle herd was recorded and their relationships to age, sex and stage of reproduction studied. (ac.ke)
Brazil1
  • Here, we describe the second extra group copulation in A. caraya in literature , which was the first from Brazil . (bvsalud.org)
Pregnancy1
  • It is only during estrus that copulation will result in pregnancy . (wikipedia.org)
Time1
  • best medicine to enhance copulation time alongwith their cost in india. (ayurvediccure.com)
Group2
  • We discuss the possible issues that led to the extra group copulation . (bvsalud.org)
  • Nevertheless, extra group copulation (EGC) was only reported in A. pigra (Horwich, 1983), A. seniculus (Agoramoorthy & Hsu, 2000), A. guariba (Fialho & Setz, 2007) and A. caraya (Kowaleski et al. (bvsalud.org)
Subject1
  • Is the Subject Area "Copulation" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
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