Copper radioisotopes. Medical search

Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cu atoms with atomic weights 58-62, 64, and 66-68 are radioactive copper isotopes.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unstable isotopes of zinc that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Zn atoms with atomic weights 60-63, 65, 69, 71, and 72 are radioactive zinc isotopes.

A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of krypton that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Kr atoms with atomic weights 74-77, 79, 81, 85, and 87-94 are radioactive krypton isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes.

The spontaneous transformation of a nuclide into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by either the emission of particles from the nucleus, nuclear capture or ejection of orbital electrons, or fission. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Unstable isotopes of barium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ba atoms with atomic weights 126-129, 131, 133, and 139-143 are radioactive barium isotopes.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of tin that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Sn atoms with atomic weights 108-111, 113, 120-121, 123 and 125-128 are tin radioisotopes.

Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

Unstable isotopes of mercury that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Hg atoms with atomic weights 185-195, 197, 203, 205, and 206 are radioactive mercury isotopes.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.

Stable cesium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cesium, but differ in atomic weight. Cs-133 is a naturally occurring isotope.

Unstable isotopes of cerium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ce atoms with atomic weights 132-135, 137, 139, and 141-148 are radioactive cerium isotopes.

Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic weight. Co-59 is a stable cobalt isotope.

Hafnium. A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Unstable isotopes of gold that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Au 185-196, 198-201, and 203 are radioactive gold isotopes.

Stable zinc atoms that have the same atomic number as the element zinc, but differ in atomic weight. Zn-66-68, and 70 are stable zinc isotopes.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.

Any diagnostic evaluation using radioactive (unstable) isotopes. This diagnosis includes many nuclear medicine procedures as well as radioimmunoassay tests.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane.

Unstable isotopes of cadmium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cd atoms with atomic weights 103-105, 107, 109, 115, and 117-119 are radioactive cadmium isotopes.

Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (IMMUNOTOXINS) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (see RADIOTHERAPY).

A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.

Lutetium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.

Rhenium. A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.2, symbol Re. (Dorland, 28th ed)

An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)

Samarium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.

Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Unstable isotopes of bromine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Br atoms with atomic weights 74-78, 80, and 82-90 are radioactive bromine isotopes.

Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation.

Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; and other conditions.

Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.

Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Normal human serum albumin mildly iodinated with radioactive iodine (131-I) which has a half-life of 8 days, and emits beta and gamma rays. It is used as a diagnostic aid in blood volume determination. (from Merck Index, 11th ed)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Unstable isotopes of ruthenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ru atoms with atomic weights 93-95, 97, 103, and 105-108 are radioactive ruthenium isotopes.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes.

Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuclei, which are emitted during disintegration of heavy ISOTOPES. Alpha rays have very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability.

Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.

A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The ring structure can be aromatic or nonaromatic.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A type of high-energy radiotherapy using a beam of gamma-radiation produced by a radioisotope source encapsulated within a teletherapy unit.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A specialty field of radiology concerned with diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative use of radioactive compounds in a pharmaceutical form.

A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

Intrauterine contraceptive devices that depend on the release of metallic copper.

The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.

A form species of spore-producing CYANOBACTERIA, in the family Nostocaceae, order Nostocales. It is an important source of fixed NITROGEN in nutrient-depleted soils. When wet, it appears as a jelly-like mass.

Measurement of radioactivity in the entire human body.

Unstable isotopes of potassium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. K atoms with atomic weights 37, 38, 40, and 42-45 are radioactive potassium isotopes.

A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.

A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, toxicity and tumor regression in patients with lymphoma. (1/245)

Lym-1, a monoclonal antibody that preferentially targets malignant lymphocytes, has induced therapeutic responses and prolonged survival in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma when labeled with 1311. Radiometal-labeled antibodies provide higher tumor radiation doses than corresponding 1311 antibodies. 67Cu has an exceptional combination of properties desirable for radioimmunotherapy, including gamma and beta emissions for imaging and therapy, respectively, a biocompatible half-time and absence of pathways contributing to myelotoxicity. The radioimmunoconjugate, 67Cu-21T-BAT-Lym-1, has been shown to be efficacious in nude mice bearing human Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) xenografts. Based on these results, a clinical study of the pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of 67Cu-21T-BAT-Lym-1 in patients with lymphoma was initiated. METHODS: Eleven patients with advanced stage 3 or 4 lymphoma were given a preload dose of unmodified Lym-1, then an imaging dose of 126-533 MBq (3.4-14.4 mCi) 67Cu-21T-BAT-Lym-1. Total Lym-1 ranged from 25 to 70 mg dependent on the specific activity of the radioimmunoconjugate and was infused at a rate of 0.5-1 mg/min. Imaging, physical examination, including caliper measurement of superficial tumors, and analysis of blood, urine and fecal samples were performed for a period of 6-13 d after infusion to assess pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, toxicity and tumor regression. RESULTS: In 7 patients, in whom superficial tumors had been accurately measured, tumors regressed from 18% to 75% (mean 48%) within several days of 67Cu-21T-BAT-Lym-1 infusion. The uptake and biological half-time of 67Cu-21T-BAT-Lym-1 in tumors were greater than those of normal tissues, except the mean liver half-time exceeded the mean tumor half-time. The mean tumor-to-marrow radiation ratio was 32:1, tumor-to-total body was 24:1 and tumor-to-liver was 1.5:1. Images were of very good quality; tumors and normal organs were readily identified. Mild and transient Lym-1 toxicity occurred in 6 patients; 1 patient developed a human antimouse antibody. There were no significant changes in blood counts or serum chemistries indicative of radiation toxicity. CONCLUSION: Because of the long residence time of 67Cu-21T-BAT-Lym-1 in tumors, high therapeutic ratios were achieved and, remarkably, numerous tumor regressions were observed after imaging doses. The results indicate considerable therapeutic potential for 67Cu-21T-BAT-Lym-1. (+info)

67Cu-versus 131I-labeled Lym-1 antibody: comparative pharmacokinetics and dosimetry in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (2/245)

Antilymphoma mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Lym-1, labeled with 67Cu or 131I, has demonstrated promising results in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) for lymphoma. Although 131I has played a central role in RIT thus far, some properties of 67Cu are preferable. A subset of our patients received both 67Cu- and 131I-labeled Lym-1, allowing a comparative evaluation of the two radiopharmaceuticals administered to a matched population of patients. Four patients with B-lymphocytic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that had progressed despite standard therapy entered trials of 67Cu- and 131I-labeled Lym-1, which were injected 3-26 days apart. Lym-1 was conjugated to 6-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N ',N",N'"-tetraacetic acid (BAT) via 2-iminothiolane (2IT) and radiolabeled with 67Cu to prepare 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1; 131I-Lym-1 was preparred by the chloramine-T reaction. Planar imaging was used to quantitate 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 or 131I-Lym-1 in organs and tumors daily for 3 days or longer. 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 exhibited higher peak concentration in 92% (12 of 13) of tumors and a longer biological half-time in every tumor than 131I-Lym-1. The mean tumor concentration (%ID/g) of 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 was 1.7, 2.2, and 2.8 times that of 131I-Lym-1 at 0, 24, and 48 h after injection, respectively. The mean biological half-times of 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 and 131I-Lym-1 in tumor were 8.8 and 2.3 days, respectively. Consequently, the mean tumor radiation dose delivered by 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 was twice that of 131I-Lym-1, 2.8 (range 0.8-6.7), and 1.4 (range 0.4-35) Gy/GBq, respectively. 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 delivered a lower marrow radiation dose than 131I-Lym-1; hence, the tumor:marrow therapeutic indices were 29 and 9.7, respectively. Radiation doses from 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 and 131I-Lym-1 to normal tissues were similar except for liver, which received a higher dose from 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1. Images obtained with 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 were superior. Radiation dosimetry data for 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 and 131I-Lym-1 agreed with corresponding data from the larger populations of patients from which the matched population for the current study was drawn. In conclusion, 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 given to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in close temporal proximity to 131I-Lym-1 exhibited greater uptake and longer retention in tumor, resulting in higher radiation dose and therapeutic index than 131I-Lym-1. These as well as other factors suggest that 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 may be superior to 131I-Lym-1 for RIT. (+info)

Practical determination of patient-specific marrow dose using radioactivity concentration in blood and body. (3/245)

Accurate determination of red marrow radiation is important because myelotoxicity is often dose limiting in radioimmunotherapy. The S-value methodology assumes a fixed red marrow mass as defined by the standard Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) mathematic phantom. Substantial error can be introduced in marrow radiation estimates because red marrow mass varies from patient to patient. In this work we describe a patient-specific marrow dosimetry methodology that does not require an explicit estimate of marrow mass. METHODS: Photon radiation to marrow from all sources can be considered as the total body to marrow. Based on photon radiation from body and electron radiation from blood, a patient-specific marrow dose can be determined by counting blood and total body radioactivity and measuring body weight. RESULTS: The deviation in marrow dose calculation using total body to represent all photon radiation was 3.9% in 66 patients administered 131I-labeled antibodies and was 9.1% in 18 patients administered 67Cu-labeled antibodies. The differences between this patient-specific approach and estimates based on standard anatomy were considerable, ranging from -35% to 88%. The differences were greater when patients' weights differed substantially from the MIRD reference man phantom. CONCLUSION: For radiopharmaceuticals that do not bind marrow, patient-specific marrow dosimetry can be independent of the actual marrow mass of a patient. Patient-specific marrow dosimetry can be determined using radioactivity concentration in blood and body. (+info)

Targeting superficial bladder cancer by the intravesical administration of copper-67-labeled anti-MUC1 mucin monoclonal antibody C595. (4/245)

PURPOSE: More effective intravesical agents are required to limit the recurrence and progression of superficial bladder cancer. This study assessed the ability of copper-67 ((67)Cu)-C595 murine antimucin monoclonal antibody to bind selectively to superficial bladder tumors when administered intravesically, with a view to its development for therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Approximately 20 MBq of (67)Cu-C595 monoclonal antibody was administered intravesically to 16 patients with a clinical indication of superficial bladder cancer. After 1 hour, the bladder was drained and irrigated. Tissue uptake was assessed by imaging and by the assay of tumor and normal tissues obtained by endoscopic resection. RESULTS: Tumor was correctly identified in the images of 12 of 15 patients who were subsequently found to have tumors. Assay of biopsy samples at 2 hours showed a mean tumor uptake of 59.4% of the injected dose per kilogram (SD = 48.0), with a tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 14.6:1 (SD = 20). After 24 hours (n = 5), this decreased to 4.3% of the injected dose per kilogram (SD = 2.9), with a tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 1.8:1 (SD = 0.8). CONCLUSION: This study indicates a promising method for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Although the mean initial tumor uptake was high, effective therapy of bladder tumors will require an increased retention of the cytotoxic radionuclide in tumor tissue. (+info)

CopA: An Escherichia coli Cu(I)-translocating P-type ATPase. (5/245)

The copA gene product, a putative copper-translocating P-type ATPase, has been shown to be involved in copper resistance in Escherichia coli. The copA gene was disrupted by insertion of a kanamycin gene through homologous recombination. The mutant strain was more sensitive to copper salts but not to salts of other metals, suggesting a role in copper homeostasis. The copper-sensitive phenotype could be rescued by complementation by a plasmid carrying copA from E. coli or copB from Enterococcus hirae. Expression of copA was induced by salts of copper or silver but not zinc or cobalt. Everted membrane vesicles from cells expressing copA exhibited ATP-coupled accumulation of copper, presumably as Cu(I). The results indicate that CopA is a Cu(I)-translocating efflux pump that is similar to the copper pumps related to Menkes and Wilson diseases and provides a useful prokaryotic model for these human diseases. (+info)

Performance of a 62Zn/62Cu generator in clinical trials of PET perfusion agent 62Cu-PTSM. (6/245)

The 62Zn/62Cu PET generator can be inexpensively produced and distributed from a single production site operating under typical good manufacturing practice guidelines. It therefore has the potential to greatly facilitate development of clinically practical PET. We report generator performance in a study in which 62Cu-pyruvaldehyde-bis(n4-methylthiosemicarbazone (PTSM) myocardial perfusion imaging is compared with 99mTc-sestamibi in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The 62Zn/62Cu generator is an improved version of a previously reported system that employs automated synthesis of 62Cu-PTSM. With this approach, the cumbersome step of 18C purification has been eliminated. METHODS: The 62Zn (9.3 h half-life) parent isotope is prepared by proton bombardment of natural copper at 33 MeV. A typical target irradiated with 37.5 microA/h is delivered by 12:00 PM on the day it is to be processed. Purified 62Zn obtained from the target is loaded onto the generator column in 2 mol/L HCl. The generator is eluted using an internal three-channel peristaltic pump, which delivers 2.25 mL eluant (1.8 mol/L NaCl, 0.2 mol/L HCl) through the generator column to elute the 62Cu in 40 s. The same pump simultaneously pumps an equal volume of buffer (0.4 mol/L NaOAc) and 1 mL ligand solution (2 ppm PTSM, 2% EtOH) passing it through a septum into a 35-cc syringe preloaded with 28 mL sterile water. This solution is thoroughly mixed by agitation of the syringe and injected as a bolus through a 0.2 microm filter. The generator is eluted twice before shipping, providing quality assurance samples, and shipped to the clinical site by overnight delivery. Complete quality assurance testing is performed the evening before the generator reaches the clinical site. RESULTS: A total of 34 generators have been produced and shipped to 2 clinical sites for a phase III Food and Drug Administration study. The load activity on the generators at 8:00 AM the day of clinical use was 1.7+/-0.2 GBq (46.7+/-5.6 mCi), and yield was 72%+/-16%. Breakthrough of 62Zn was undetectable by high-purity germanium spectroscopy for all units. Radiochemical purity was 95.4%+/-2.4%. Volume delivered, pH, sterility, and bacterial endotoxin tests yielded passing results on all generators. The entire process of generator production, from target receipt to generator shipment, took less than 6 h and cost approximately $1000, including shipping charges and cyclotron cost. A total of 68 patients were injected with 2 62Cu-PTSM doses, with a mean injected activity of 0.8+/-0.2 GBq (20.5+/-5.3 mCi) with no adverse side effects. CONCLUSION: Results of this work confirm that the 62Zn/62Cu generator is an easily produced, transportable, and inexpensive source of PET radiopharmaceuticals, which can expand the field of clinical PET imaging by providing radiopharmaceuticals to sites not associated with cyclotrons. (+info)

High-resolution microPET imaging of carcinoembryonic antigen-positive xenografts by using a copper-64-labeled engineered antibody fragment. (7/245)

Rapid imaging by antitumor antibodies has been limited by the prolonged targeting kinetics and clearance of labeled whole antibodies. Genetically engineered fragments with rapid access and high retention in tumor tissue combined with rapid blood clearance are suitable for labeling with short-lived radionuclides, including positron-emitting isotopes for positron-emission tomography (PET). An engineered fragment was developed from the high-affinity anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody T84.66. This single-chain variable fragment (Fv)-C(H)3, or minibody, was produced as a bivalent 80 kDa dimer. The macrocyclic chelating agent 1,4,7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N", N"'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) was conjugated to the anti-CEA minibody for labeling with copper-64, a positron-emitting radionuclide (t(1/2) = 12.7 h). In vivo distribution was evaluated in athymic mice bearing paired LS174T human colon carcinoma (CEA positive) and C6 rat glioma (CEA negative) xenografts. Five hours after injection with (64)Cu-DOTA-minibody, microPET imaging showed high uptake in CEA-positive tumor (17.9% injected dose per gram +/- 3.79) compared with control tumor (6.0% injected dose per gram +/- 1.0). In addition, significant uptake was seen in liver, with low uptake in other tissues. Average target/background ratios relative to neighboring tissue were 3-4:1. Engineered antibody fragments labeled with positron-emitting isotopes such as copper-64 provide a new class of agents for PET imaging of tumors. (+info)

Gastrointestinal uptake and distribution of copper in rainbow trout. (8/245)

A single dose of radioactive copper ((64)Cu or new Cu) was infused into the stomach of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to model dietary copper (Cu) uptake under conditions of a normal nutritional dose and optimum environmental temperature (16 degrees C, 0.117 microg Cu g(-)(1 )body mass). The distribution of new Cu to the gut and internal organs occurred in two phases: rapid uptake by the gut tissues (almost complete by 24 h post-infusion) followed by slower uptake by the internal organs. By 72 h, 60 % of the dose had been excreted, 19 % was still retained in the gut tissue, 10 % remained in the lumen and 12 % had been absorbed across the gut and partitioned amongst the internal organs. A reduction in water temperature of 10 degrees C (to 6 degrees C) significantly retarded components of new Cu distribution (movement of the bolus along the gut and excretion); nonetheless, by 72 h, the fraction absorbed by all the internal organs was similar to that at 16 degrees C. An increase in water temperature of 3 degrees C (to 19 degrees C) caused a pronounced increase in internal organ uptake by 24 h to approximately double the uptake occurring at 16 degrees C. The uptake of new Cu by the gut tissue had a low temperature coefficient (Q(10)<1) consistent with simple diffusion, while the temperature coefficient for transfer of new Cu from gut tissue to the internal organs was high (Q(10)>2), consistent with facilitated transport. Internally, the liver and gall bladder (including bile) were the target organs for dietary Cu partitioning since they were the only organs that concentrated new Cu from the plasma. Individual tissues differed in terms of the exchange of their background Cu pools with new Cu. The background Cu in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (excluding stomach) exchanged 45-94 % with new Cu from the gut lumen, while tissues such as the stomach, gills, kidney, carcass and fat had 5-7 % exchangeable background Cu. The liver, heart, spleen, ovary, bile and plasma had only 0.2-0.8 % exchangeable background Cu. The gastrointestinal tissues appear to act as a homeostatic organ, regulating the absorption of nutritional (non-toxic) doses of Cu (0. 117 microg g(-)(1 )body mass day(-)(1)) by the internal organs. Within the dose range we used and at optimal temperature (16 degrees C), the new Cu content of the gut tissues fluctuated, but absorption of new Cu by the internal organs remained relatively constant. For example, predosing the fish with non-radioactive Cu caused new Cu absorption by the gut tissues to double and decreased new Cu excretion from 38 to 1.5 %, but had no effect on new Cu uptake by the internal organs. Feeding fish after application of the normal liquid dose of new Cu also had no effect on new Cu uptake by the internal organs, even though the presence of food in the digestive tract reduced the binding of new Cu to the gut tissues and assisted with the excretion of new Cu. The gut was therefore able to regulate new Cu internalization at this dosage. Higher new Cu doses (10, 100 and 1000 times the normal dose), however, evoked regurgitation and increased new Cu excretion within 4 h of application but did not elevate new Cu levels in gut tissue beyond a threshold of approximately 40 microg of new Cu. Only at the highest dose (1000 times the normal dose, 192 microg g(-)(1 )body mass), equivalent to toxic concentrations in the daily diet (7000 microg Cu g(-)(1 )dry mass food), was the buffering capacity of the gut overwhelmed, resulting in an increase in internal new Cu uptake. (+info)

The list cites air pollution by particulates, including radioisotopes strontium-90, and caesium-137; the metals nickel, copper ... 2 copper and nickel smelters (in the so-called Nadezhda complex), which led to bringing substantial numbers of Finnish ... The nickel deposits of Norilsk-Talnakh are the largest-known nickel-copper-palladium deposits in the world. The smelting of the ... Norilsk is the center of a region where nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum, palladium and coal are mined. Mineral deposits in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norilsk

Chelators for Copper Radioisotopes with Fast Complexation". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (12): 8432-8443. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonate

The particle usually comes from the radioactive decay of an atom of a radioisotope, an isotope of an element which is ... Beginning in 1908, luminous paint containing a mixture of radium and copper-doped zinc sulfide was used to paint watch faces ... Radium was used in luminous paint until the 1960s, when it was replaced with the other radioisotopes above due to health ... Phosphors containing silver-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) yield blue-green light; copper and manganese-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioluminescence

Dearling, Jason L.; Lewis, Jason S.; Mullen, Gregory E.; Welch, Michael J.; Blower, Philip J. (20 April 2014). "Copper bis( ... They have also been identified as potential ligands for radioisotope delivery, with selectivity towards hypoxic tissues, ... "In Vitro and in Vivo Anticancer Activity of Copper Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Complexes". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 56 (3): ... "Studies on the Mechanism of Hypoxic Selectivity in Copper Bis(Thiosemicarbazone) Radiopharmaceuticals". Journal of Medicinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisthiosemicarbazone

The zinc core is coated with a thin layer of copper to give the appearance of a copper coin. In 1994, 33,200 tonnes (36,600 ... 65 Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the least active radioisotope, followed by 72 Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours ... n 30Zn + e− → n 29Cu The most common decay mode of a radioisotope of zinc with mass number higher than 66 is beta decay (β−), ... Zinc ores were used to make the zinc-copper alloy brass thousands of years prior to the discovery of zinc as a separate element ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc

Copper: Copper anemia in infants results from infants with a poor diet and can cause heart disease. Metal ions are often used ... 99mTc is the most commonly used radioisotope agent for imaging purposes. It has a short half-life, emits only gamma ray photons ... Gold, Silver, Copper: Phosphine ligand compounds containing gold, silver, and copper have anti-cancer properties. Lanthanum: ... Examples of specific types of toxic metals include: Copper: copper toxicity usually presents itself as a side effect of low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals_in_medicine

Mixing about 2.0% beryllium into copper forms an alloy called beryllium copper that is six times stronger than copper alone. ... natural beryllium bombarded either by alphas or gammas from a suitable radioisotope is a key component of most radioisotope- ... When added as an alloying element to aluminium, copper (notably the alloy beryllium copper), iron or nickel beryllium improves ... Beryllium-copper alloys were also applied as a hardening agent in "Jason pistols", which were used to strip the paint from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium

Twenty-two radioisotopes have been characterized: the most stable, 60Co, has a half-life of 5.2714 years; 57Co has a half-life ... Blue glass from Egypt was either colored with copper, iron, or cobalt. The oldest cobalt-colored glass is from the eighteenth ... Cobalt-57 (Co-57 or 57Co) is a cobalt radioisotope most often used in medical tests, as a radiolabel for vitamin B12 uptake, ... Subsequent roasting converts the ores to cobalt sulfate, and the copper and the iron are oxidized to the oxide. Leaching with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt

His basic method is still used today: electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the ... team Reactor protection system Nuclear safety in the United States Nuclear power in space Advanced Stirling Radioisotope ... Nuclear fission Nuclear physics Atomic nucleus Ionizing radiation Nuclear fission Radiation Radioactivity Radioisotope ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_nuclear_power

... radioisotopes are used in some radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Iridium is found in meteorites in much higher ... During electrorefining of copper and nickel, noble metals such as silver, gold and the platinum group metals as well as ... The radioisotope iridium-192 is one of the two most important sources of energy for use in industrial γ-radiography for non- ... At least 37 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in mass number from 164 to 202. 192Ir, which falls between the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium

Copper (29Cu) has two stable isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, along with 27 radioisotopes. The most stable radioisotope is 67Cu with a ... ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9. Application of Copper radioisotopes in Medicine (Review Paper): Pejman Rowshanfarzad; Mahsheed Sabet; ... Copper offers a relatively large number of radioisotopes that are potentially suitable for use in nuclear medicine. There is a ... Unstable copper isotopes with atomic masses below 63 tend to undergo β+ decay, while isotopes with atomic masses above 65 tend ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper

Qureshi engaged in research about copper-nickel alloys after introducing the lattice dynamical method to evaluate the Cu29/Ni28 ... Electrochemical Analysis lab and radioisotope production labs. The Analytical Chemistry Laboratory was later certified by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqbal_Hussain_Qureshi

The radioisotope iodine-131, which has a high fission product yield, concentrates in the thyroid, and is one of the most ... The firstalloy, used in large scale since 3000 BC, was bronze, an alloy of tin and copper. After 600 BC pure metallic tin was ... Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious ... Pewter, which is an alloy of 85-90% tin with the remainder commonly consisting of copper, antimony and lead, was used for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_5_element

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the least active radioisotope, followed by 72. Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours.[ ... The zinc core is coated with a thin layer of copper to give the appearance of a copper coin. In 1994, 33,200 tonnes (36,600 ... 442-501 in Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc

Copper in solders forms intermetallic compounds. Supersaturated (by about 1%) solution of copper in tin may be employed to ... Radioisotopes undergoing alpha decay are a concern due to their tendency to cause soft errors. Polonium-210 is especially ... Tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu, or SAC) solders are used by two-thirds of Japanese manufacturers for reflow and wave soldering, ... Alloys of copper with either zinc or silver are the most common. In silversmithing or jewelry making, special hard solders are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder

In 1920-1921, George de Hevesy measured self-diffusion using radioisotopes. He studied self-diffusion of radioactive isotopes ... Robert Boyle demonstrated diffusion in solids in the 17th century by penetration of zinc into a copper coin. Nevertheless, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion

... chromium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.256 - cobalt radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.270 - copper radioisotopes MeSH D01.496. ... iron radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.540 - krypton radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.560 - lead radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.590 ... xenon radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.960 - yttrium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.980 - zinc radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.807.800 ... xenon radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.943.800 - yttrium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.966.800 - zinc radioisotopes MeSH D01.524.500.040 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D01)

Fourteen-karat gold-copper alloy is nearly identical in color to certain bronze alloys, and both may be used to produce police ... Thirty-six radioisotopes have been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 169 to 205. The most stable of these is 195 Au with ... Most of gold's radioisotopes with atomic masses below 197 decay by some combination of proton emission, α decay, and β+ decay. ... Only salts and radioisotopes of gold are of pharmacological value, since elemental (metallic) gold is inert to all chemicals it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold

"5 Year Copper Prices and Copper Price Charts - InvestmentMine". InfoMine. Retrieved 2 May 2015. "Copper Theft Threatens U.S. ... TV screens and in radio isotopes. Demand for these metals appeared to be increasing as computers and mobile phones became more ... "Copper prices London". Retrieved 3 July 2010. "Historical Copper Prices, Copper Prices History". Dow-futures.net. 22 January ... It was also noticed that a copper price bubble was occurring at the same time as the oil bubble. Copper traded at about $2,500 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom

ISBN 978-1-4757-6918-0. Copper Development Association. "Leaded Coppers". copper.org. Retrieved 10 July 2016. Cotnoir, B. (2006 ... Lead-205 is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of around 1.73×107 years. The second-most stable is lead-202, which ... Copper alloys with larger concentrations of lead are used in bearings. The lead provides lubrication, and the copper provides ... Lead's tensile strength, at 12-17 MPa, is low (that of aluminium is 6 times higher, copper 10 times, and mild steel 15 times ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

Tellurium is added to copper (Tellurium Copper) and steel alloys to improve their machinability; and to lead to make it harder ... heavy metals are also employed as spallation targets for the production of neutrons or radioisotopes such as astatine (using ... Copper and lead are therefore used, for example, as roofing materials; zinc acts as an anti-corrosion agent in galvanised steel ... Copper, zinc, silver, gold, or mercury are used in antiseptic formulations; small amounts of some heavy metals are used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals

While radioisotopes had been used in human nutrition research for several decades prior, stable isotopes presented a safer ... Iron, zinc, calcium, copper, magnesium, selenium and molybdenum are among the essential minerals having stable isotopes to ... In soil science 15N tracers are used extensively to study nitrogen cycling, whereas 13C and 14C, stable and radioisotopes of ... Other advantages offered by stable isotopes include the ability to study elements having no suitable radioisotopes and to study ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_labeling

These are chemical compounds in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a short-lived, positron emitting radioisotope. [ ... 11C] Martinostat [18F] Fludeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG)-glucose analogue [11C] Acetate [11C] Methionine [11C] choline Copper 64Cu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PET_radiotracers

Commercially, the primary use of tellurium is copper (tellurium copper) and steel alloys, where it improves machinability. ... A further 31 artificial radioisotopes of tellurium are known, with atomic masses ranging from 104 to 142 and with half-lives of ... The principal source of tellurium is from anode sludges from the electrolytic refining of blister copper. It is a component of ... The addition to steel and copper produces an alloy more machinable than otherwise. It is alloyed into cast iron for promoting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium

At least 27 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 58 to 89. The most stable of these is 68 Ge ... Some zinc-copper-lead ore bodies contain enough germanium to justify extraction from the final ore concentrate. An unusual ... While it is produced mainly from sphalerite, it is also found in silver, lead, and copper ores. Another source of germanium is ... While most of germanium's radioisotopes decay by beta decay, 61 Ge and 64 Ge decay by β+ delayed proton emission. 84 Ge through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... While most of germanium's radioisotopes decay by beta decay, 61. Ge. and 64. Ge. decay by β+. delayed proton emission.[46] 84. ... At least 27 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 58 to 89. The most stable of these is 68. Ge ... While it is produced mainly from sphalerite, it is also found in silver, lead, and copper ores. Another source of germanium is ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

Iridium radioisotopes are used in some radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Iridium is found in meteorites with an abundance ... It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the ... Although the element is only mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal and its radioisotopes present a high health ... Tungsten interferes with molybdenum and copper metabolism, and is somewhat toxic to animal life. Rhenium is a chemical element ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_6_element

Most of the remaining radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. 199 Hg and 201 Hg are the most often studied NMR- ... Several other first row transition metals with the exception of manganese, copper and zinc are also resistant in forming ... There are seven stable isotopes of mercury, with 202 Hg being the most abundant (29.86%). The longest-lived radioisotopes are ... 47 Several other countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes and by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 105Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a ... The precipitation of copper in ancient silver can be used to date artifacts, as copper is nearly always a constituent of silver ... The principal sources of silver are the ores of copper, copper-nickel, lead, and lead-zinc obtained from Peru, Bolivia, Mexico ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E174

Copper in solders forms intermetallic compounds. Supersaturated (by about 1%) solution of copper in tin may be employed to ... Radioisotopes undergoing alpha decay are a concern due to their tendency to cause soft errors. Polonium-210 is especially ... Lead-tin solder layers on copper leads can form copper-tin intermetallic layers; the solder alloy is then locally depleted of ... Cu3Sn - common on solder-copper interface, forms preferentially when excess of copper is available, more thermally stable than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_solder

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... Radioisotopes of caesium require special precautions: the improper handling of caesium-137 gamma ray sources can lead to ... In this 1871 version, copper, silver, and gold were placed twice, once as part of group IB, and once as part of a "group VIII" ... All of the alkali metals except lithium and caesium have at least one naturally occurring radioisotope: sodium-22 and sodium-24 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

lithium-copper oxide). Li-CuO. Li. CuO. 1.7. No longer manufactured.. Replaced by silver oxide (IEC-type "SR") batteries.. ... It consisted of a copper pot filled with a copper sulfate solution, in which was immersed an unglazed earthenware container ... This was a stack of copper and zinc plates, separated by brine-soaked paper disks, that could produce a steady current for a ... Radioisotope thermoelectric generator. *Solar power *Photovoltaic system. *Concentrated solar power. *Solar thermal energy * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... 27 radioisotopes have been observed, with the most stable ones being 169Yb with a half-life of 32.0 days, 175Yb with a half- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium

Copper 9000 BC 6000 BC Middle East Anatolia Copper was probably the first metal mined and crafted by humans.[1] It was ... Marinsky, J. A.; Glendenin, L. E.; Coryell, C. D. (1947). "The chemical identification of radioisotopes of neodymium and of ... CSA - Discovery Guides, A Brief History of Copper *^ "Serbian site may have hosted first copper makers". UCL.ac.uk. UCL ... Found by attempting to extract copper from the mineral known as fake copper (now known as niccolite).[37] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discovery

... radioisotope Radium Radon Radon fluoride Raman spectroscopy Raoult's law Redox Reduction Reflux Reversible reaction Rhazes ... Weights complex compound computational chemistry Concentration condensation polymer Condensation reaction Cooperite Copper ... Svante Arrhenius Syenite Sylvite synthetic radioisotope systematic element name Tabun Talc Talcum Tantalite Tantalum Tanzanite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_chemistry_articles

... by way of a process which is known as phytoremediation-the process of clearing radioisotopes and a variety of other toxins from ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... Fourteen radioisotopes have been characterized. The most stable are 15O with a half-life of 122.24 seconds and 14O with a half- ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اکسیژن?match=en

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

injection of medical radioisotopes such as technetium-99m. The occupational hazards from airborne radioactive particles in ... and copper, usually ending with aluminium. Sometimes even lighter materials such as polypropylene or boron carbide are used. [ ... Hand-held ion chamber survey meter in use for surface dose rate on one of three radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_protection

It was not until Thomson convinced the board that using purer copper for replacing the lost section of cable would improve data ... "Natürliche Radioisotope: die "Atomuhr" für die Bestimmung des absoluten Alters von Gesteinen und archäologischen Funden". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson,_Lord_Kelvin

... in which he converted the mechanical energy of a rotating copper disc to electrical energy.[61] Faraday's disc was inefficient ... made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the ... Radioisotope thermoelectric generator. *Solar power *Photovoltaic system. *Concentrated solar power. *Solar thermal energy * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric

Metals melted include iron and steel, copper, aluminium, and precious metals. Because it is a clean and non-contact process it ... Component of Stirling radioisotope generator is heated by induction during testing. Induction heating is the process of heating ... Copper-bottomed pans, aluminum pans and other non-ferrous pans are generally unsuitable. The heat induced in the base is ... The induction coil is usually made of copper tubing and fluid cooled. Diameter, shape, and number of turns influence the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_heating

The copper cables (transmission lines) which are used to carry lower frequency radio waves to antennas have excessive power ... Gamma rays are used experimentally by physicists for their penetrating ability and are produced by a number of radioisotopes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... 19 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 50Cr with a half-life of (more than) 1.8×1017 years, and ... This occurs again later in the periodic table with other elements and their electron configurations, such as copper, niobium, ... For example, chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is used in timber treatment to protect wood from decay fungi, wood-attacking ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of 3.78 years.[12] It is made by the neutron activation of stable ... The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small, nontoxic amounts as an agent in a nuclear ... The major source of thallium for practical purposes is the trace amount that is found in copper, lead, zinc, and other heavy- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium

A TPV radioisotope converter with 20% efficiency was demonstrated that uses a tungsten emitter heated to 1350 K, with tandem ... Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells. *Printed solar panel. *Perovskite solar cell ... NASA Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology NRA Overview. *New thermophotovoltaic materials could replace alternators in cars ... As a result, solar and radioisotope fuels (extremely high power density and long lifetime) are ideal sources of energy. TPVs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophotovoltaic

His basic method is still used today: electric current is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper ... Radioisotope thermoelectric generator. *Solar power *Photovoltaic system. *Concentrated solar power. *Solar thermal energy * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... is also sometimes considered as a light radioisotope of hydrogen, due to the mass difference between the antimuon and the ... copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E949

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... allowing the use of radioisotope rubidium-82 in nuclear medicine to locate and image brain tumors.[50] Rubidium-82 has a very ... and rubidium copper sulfate, Rb2SO4·CuSO4·6H2O. Rubidium silver iodide (RbAg4I5) has the highest room temperature conductivity ... roughly as abundant as zinc and rather more common than copper.[19] It occurs naturally in the minerals leucite, pollucite, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium

Copper. Zinc. Gallium. Germanium. Arsenic. Selenium. Bromine. Krypton. Rubidium. Strontium. Yttrium. Zirconium. Niobium. ... The most stable radioisotopes are 107Pd with a half-life of 6.5 million years (found in nature), 103Pd with 17 days, and 100Pd ... Eighteen other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 90.94948(64) u (91Pd) to 122.93426(64) u ... The most important commercial sources are nickel-copper deposits found in the Sudbury Basin, Ontario, and the Norilsk-Talnakh ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium

The repository concept is similar to the Swedish model, with containers to be clad in copper and buried below the water table ... Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator. *Accidents and incidents. *Policy. *Fusion. *Radioisotope thermoelectric ( ... Conceptual design of a permanent repository was determined by 1983, calling for placement of copper-clad iron canisters in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... Hg being the most abundant (29.86%). The longest-lived radioisotopes are 194. Hg with a half-life of 444 years, and 203. Hg ... Most of the remaining radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. 199. Hg and 201. Hg are the most often studied ... Several other first row transition metals with the exception of manganese, copper and zinc are reluctant to form amalgams. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... The most stable chlorine radioisotope is 36Cl. The primary decay mode of isotopes lighter than 35Cl is electron capture to ... As introduced by Deacon, early catalysts were based on copper. Commercial processes, such as the Mitsui MT-Chlorine Process, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... Thirty-six radioisotopes have been characterized, with the heaviest being terbium-171 (with atomic mass of 170.95330(86) u) and ... lightest being terbium-135 (exact mass unknown).[12] The most stable synthetic radioisotopes of terbium are terbium-158, with a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... About 20 radioisotopes and 7 nuclear isomers between 233Cm and 252Cm are known for curium, and no stable isotopes. The longest ... They predominantly emit α-particles, and the heat released in this process can serve as a heat source in radioisotope ... A more promising application of 242Cm is to produce 238Pu, a more suitable radioisotope for thermoelectric generators such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium

Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum ... Therefore, 210Po is used as an atomic heat source to power radioisotope thermoelectric generators via thermoelectric materials. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium

Copper. Zinc. Gallium. Germanium. Arsenic. Selenium. Bromine. Krypton. Rubidium. Strontium. Yttrium. Zirconium. Niobium. ... Carbon-14 (14C) is a naturally occurring radioisotope, created in the upper atmosphere (lower stratosphere and upper ... carbon resists oxidation more effectively than elements such as iron and copper that are weaker reducing agents at room ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaceous

... Artor Niccoli Asabella,1 Giuseppe Lucio Cascini,2 ... F. Szelecsényi, G. F. Steyn, K. Suzuki et al., "Application of Zn+p reactions for production of copper radioisotopes for ... A. Niccoli Asabella, G. L. Cascini, C. Altini, D. Paparella, A. Notaristefano, and G. Rubini, "The copper radioisotopes: a ... D. W. McCarthy, L. A. Bass, P. D. Cutler et al., "High purity production and potential applications of copper-60 and copper-61 ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/786463/ref/

"Copper Radioisotopes" by people in this website by year, and whether "Copper Radioisotopes" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Copper Radioisotopes" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Copper Radioisotopes" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Copper Radioisotopes". ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/125884

... relates to an universal method for the large scale production of high-purity carrier free or non carrier added radioisotopes by ... Since there are no other long-lived zinc isotopes decaying to radioactive copper isotopes, such a generator can even be ... The radioisotopes produced by the method of the present invention are preferably used for producing radioisotope-labelled ... The radioisotopes produced by the inventive method are especially suitable for producing radioisotope-labelled bioconjugates as ...

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0162278.html

Combining Nanoscale Properties with Radioisotopes for Enhanced Molecular Imaging ... Click chemistry (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition). PET/MRI. Macrophage detection in aortic aneurysms. [45]. ... Click chemistry (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition). PET/MRI. Biodistribution studies. [43]. ... Iron Oxide Nanoradiomaterials: Combining Nanoscale Properties with Radioisotopes for Enhanced Molecular Imaging. Table 1. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cmmi/2017/1549580/tab1/

Tens of millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing rapidly ... the use of radioisotopes for diagnostics, radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals and other beneficial medical uses of nuclear ... Copper-64 (13 h):. Used to study genetic diseases affecting copper metabolism, such as Wilsons and Menkes diseases, for PET ... The global radioisotope market was valued at $9.6 billion in 2016, with medical radioisotopes accounting for about 80% of this ...

https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/radioisotopes-in-medicine.aspx

Radioisotopes * Copper ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/438372/?dopt=Abstract

... copper, molybdenum; The other transition metals and zinc; The metalloids: arsenic, antimony, selenium, tellurium and boron; The ... new metal contaminants; The radioactive metals; Radioisotopes; The catalytic metals; The electronic metals; Germanium; Tantalum ...

https://www.ebooks.com/214166/metal-contamination-of-food/reilly-conor/

Production possibility of copper radioisotopes from cobalt target for PET studies. Szerzők. Szelecsényi F., Kovács Z., Kazutosi ...

https://atomki.hu/apha/author/id/1991

Copper Radioisotopes* / pharmacology * Humans * Neoplasms / diagnosis * Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging* * Onium Compounds * ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21696200/?dopt=Abstract

... clinicaltrials.gov Menkes Disease is a genetic disorder affecting the metabolism of copper. Patient with this disease are both ... Copper Radioisotopes. Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cu atoms with atomic weights ... Copper histidine is a copper replacement that can be injected directly into the body to avoid absorption through the ... Neurotoxicity of Copper.. Copper is an essential trace metal that is required for several important biological processes, ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/127465/Copper-Histidine-Therapy-for-Menkes-Diseases.html

Copper Radioisotopes / pharmacokinetics. Dihydrotestosterone / pharmacology. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug ... 0/Androgen Antagonists; 0/Androgens; 0/Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0/Antigens, Surface; 0/Copper Radioisotopes; 0/Heterocyclic ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Noninvasive-measurement-androgen-receptor-signaling/21606347.html

Absorption of Copper from the Gastrointestinal Tract The Intestinal Absorption of Zinc Cobalt Absorption. Gastrointestinal ... use of radioisotopes to assess intestinal flux of calcium in humans; and calcium and structure of cell membranes. The ... intestinal absorption of zinc, cobalt, and strontium and absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract are underscored. ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/intestinal-absorption-of-metal-ions-trace-elements-and-radionuclides/skoryna/978-0-08-015721-4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper

... and TBTAPs suitable for radioactive imaging and therapeutic applications would bear radioisotopes of metals such as copper, ... The cobalt and copper analogs are nonfluorescent. Metal free phthalocyanines are not capable of being rendered reactive or ... Blagrove, R. J., The aggregation of the tetrasodium salt of copper phthalocyanine-4,4,4",4"-tetrasulphonic acid: diffusion ... Radioactive metal complexes of copper 67, technetium 99, cobalt 57, and gallium 67 have been used as radiopharmaceuticals in ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5346670?dq=3798359

NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes highlights reliable U.S. Mo-99 production and supply, expansion and R&D advancements in its ... Companys technology expertise being leveraged for commercial production and supply of therapeutic radioisotopes copper-67 (Cu- ... About NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes, LLC (NorthStar) NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes is a nuclear medicine technology company ... high tech radioisotope separation platform indicated for use in producing the widely used medical radioisotope Tc-99m from non- ...

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200316005156/en

Fermi and his associates succeeded in producing radioisotopes of sodium, iron, copper, gold, and numerous other elements. As a ... RADIOISOTOPE:. An isotope subject to the decay associated with radioactivity. A radioisotope is thus an unstable isotope. ... A radioisotope does not "rot"; it decays by turning into another isotope of the same element-or even into another element ... Yet radioisotopes in general have so many uses, in comparison to stable isotopes, that they are often referred to simply as " ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/isotopes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioluminescence

Copper is one of the most interesting elements for various biomedical applications. Copper compounds show vast array of ... It also offers a selection of radioisotopes, suitable for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy. Quick progress in nanotechnology ... To date, copper has not found many uses in medicine, but number of ongoing research, as well as preclinical and clinical ... Development of copper based drugs, radiopharmaceuticals and medical materials by Paweł Szymański; Tomasz Frączek; Magdalena ...

https://chemweb.com/articles/SV10534/0002500006

There are two stable isotopes of copper: 63Cu and 65Cu. In addition, there are a couple dozen radioisotopes. The vast majority ... Copper (I) compounds : copper(I) chloride, copper(I) oxide.. *Copper (II) compounds : copper(II) carbonate, copper(II) chloride ... copper(II) hydroxide, copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) oxide, copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) sulfide. ... There are numerous alloys of copper-speculum metal is a copper/tin alloy, brass is a copper/zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper/ ...

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Copper

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norilsk

Radioisotopes of iodine have been incorporated into a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals ranging from small, low molecular ... Zhang P, Zhuang R, Guo Z, Su X, Chen X, Zhang X. A highly efficient copper-mediated radioiodination approach using aryl boronic ... Radioisotopes of iodine have been incorporated into a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals ranging from small, low molecular ... Radiosynthesis of SPECT tracers via a copper mediated 123I iodination of (hetero)aryl boron reagents. Chem Commun (Camb). 2016; ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-98947-1_22

... functional mapping of the copper binding sites to the various copper proteins and the visualisation of the transfer mechanism. ... Nuclear Medicine is using labelled radio-isotopes for PET/CT and SPECT imaging. These radio-tracers diagnose the metabolic ... functional mapping of the copper binding sites to the various copper proteins and the visualisation of the transfer mechanism. ... Copper is a nutritional metal, recently examined as a radiotracer for hypoxia, owing to its to the oxidising environment. ...

https://erc.europa.eu/projects-figures/erc-funded-projects/results?retain-filters=1&%3Bamp%3Bdestination=projects-figures/erc-funded-projects/Mainz&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B0%5D=country%3AGreece&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B1%5D=country%3ASweden&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B2%5D=country%3AAustria&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B3%5D=funding_scheme%3AAdvanced%20Grant%20%28AdG%29&%3Bf%5B0%5D=tid%253Aparents_all%3A71&f%5B0%5D=tid%253Aparents_all%3A78&page=8

64Cu and 61Cu through irradiation of liquid targets and is important for producing high specific activity radioisotopes with a ... Automated production of copper radioisotopes and preparation of high specific activity [64Cu]Cu-ATSM for PET studies. Appl. ... Conversely, for the production of copper radioisotopes (61Cu and 64Cu) the irradiated natZn or 64Ni liquid target solution is ... Finally, copper is eluted from the column with water into a final collection vial in the form of a copper chloride solution. In ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2410-390X/2/3/17/htm

I expect some should generate radioisotopes, or stable species other than copper, or nothing at all. This is testable, if we ... Particularly the absence of copper radioisotopes generated is quixotic. Can we not force them to be made by the apparatus?. " ... which would account for his finding copper there, since nickel wont plate onto aluminum directly and needs zinc/copper strike ... then look at the copper produced, it seems impossible to me that they should all generate stable copper. ...

https://www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/viewthread.php?tid=25645

For example, radioisotopes of the elements copper, cobalt, gallium, germanium, yttrium, strontium, technetium, indium, ... 2. for the radiodiagnosis and the radiotherapy in the form of their complexes with the radioisotopes of the elements with ... Suitable ions are, for example, the chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), praseodymium( ... Another imaging method with radioisotopes is the positron emission tomography, which uses positron-emitting isotopes, such as, ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5843399?dq=5,072,412

Iodine radioisotope labeling of cyclooctyne-containing molecules by copper-free click reaction has been reported. ... Such reactions were referred to as "copper-free click chemistry".5 Copper-free click chemistry is based on a very old reaction ... Akeroyd, N.; Postma, T. & Klumperman, B. Copper free click chemistry. Click chemistry for the preparation of advanced ... Copper-Free Click chemistry has various diverse applications:. *Labeling of biomolecules, such as glycans and lipids, ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/china-mainland/zh/technical-documents/articles/chemistry/copper-free-click-chemistry.html

Copper-free click chemistry is an alternative approach to click chemistry that proceeds at a lower activation barrier and is ... Iodine radioisotope labeling of cyclooctyne-containing molecules by copper-free click reaction has been reported. ... What is Copper-Free Click Chemistry?. Copper-free click chemistry is an alternative approach to click chemistry that proceeds ... Wittigs Copper-Free Click Reaction. Copper-free click chemistry is based on a very old reaction, published in 1961 by Wittig ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/chemistry/copper-free-click-chemistry.html

I used the radioisotopes iron-55 and iron-59, manganese-52, and zinc-65 as tracers. At the end of my Ph.D. research I was ... My research dealt with the absorption of the micronutrients iron, manganese, zinc, and copper by tomato plants. ... This unit was charged with utilizing radioisotopes for research in plant nutrition; I imagine that I was one of a mere handful ... My major professor was Perry R. Stout, a pioneer in the then novel application of radioisotopes of physiologically important ...

https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/emanuel-epstein/

J. Carolyn and R. Ferdani, "Copper-64 Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging of Cancer: Advances in Preclinical and Clinical Research," Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals , 2009. (hindawi.com)
The APT site could be a potential U.S. source of radioisotopes to be used in the manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. (diagnosticimaging.com)
Radioisotopes of iodine have been incorporated into a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals ranging from small, low molecular weight compounds to large molecules like antibodies. (springer.com)
It is thought that personalized treatment of various diseases can be achieved by copper radiopharmaceuticals in the near future. (turkiyeklinikleri.com)
For this reason, this review summarizes the recent updates in copper-based nuclear medicine, with specific attention to the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of all medical radioisotopes of copper and included i) copper radioisotopes for medicine, production and properties of copper radioisotopes, ii) design and synthesis of copper radiopharmecuticals, iii) current state of medical uses of copper radiopharmaceuticals, and iv) new trends and requirements for theranostic applications of copper radioisotopes. (turkiyeklinikleri.com)
These include the application of radioisotopes in research, industry and medicine, for example radioisotope on-stream analysis, nuclear techniques in hydrology, sterilisation of medical supplies, production and development of radiopharmaceuticals and termite tracing and eradication. (worldwidescience.org)
The data from these studies may invalidate the candidacy of the monooxo-tetraazamacrocyclics as BFCs for copper radiopharmaceuticals. (elsevier.com)
A new cross-bridged cyclam chelator, CB-TE1K1P, was developed for copper-based radiopharmaceuticals, and this chelator can be labelled with 64 Cu under mild conditions in high specific activity. (elsevier.com)

It also offers a selection of radioisotopes, suitable for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy. (chemweb.com)
Because of the routine availability of radioisotopes of iodine with different nuclear decay properties, radioiodination is an attractive strategy because the same chemistry can be utilized for both radionuclide imaging and targeted radiotherapy. (springer.com)
The new embedding method provides the utilization of PET imaging in combination with the multituide of uses that AuNPs have found in health technology, and the method can equally well be utilized for therapeutic copper radioisotopes for use in radiotherapy. (dtu.dk)

The intestinal absorption of zinc, cobalt, and strontium and absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract are underscored. (elsevier.com)
Beginning in 1908, luminous paint containing a mixture of radium and copper-doped zinc sulfide was used to paint watch faces and instrument dials, giving a greenish glow. (wikipedia.org)
copper and manganese-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu,Mn), yielding yellow-orange light, are also used. (wikipedia.org)
Brass , an alloy of zinc and copper, was known to the Greeks but first used extensively by the Romans. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
My research dealt with the absorption of the micronutrients iron, manganese, zinc, and copper by tomato plants. (gf.org)
I used the radioisotopes iron-55 and iron-59, manganese-52, and zinc-65 as tracers. (gf.org)
Can be used on soft metals such as copper, aluminum, zinc and magnesium if rinsed promptly. (alconox.com)
Excessive consumption of zinc, use of oral contraceptives, or the drug AZT can lead to copper deficiency, but otherwise deficiency is rare. (thefreedictionary.com)
1984). High levels of dietary iron, zinc, copper and pectin reduce the utilization of ascorbic acid, either by direct oxidation of vitamin C or by reducing its absorption (Sauberlich, 1990). (dsm.com)

Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. (umassmed.edu)
However, there are only two isotopes of copper, 63Cu and 65Cu, which have 34 and 36 neutrons respectively. (answers.com)
Those are the only two stable isotopes of copper. (answers.com)
Later, using isotopes of copper, he worked with the UBC Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences to study the processes whereby phytoplankton swap copper atoms for iron that enable a key metabolic pathway, and how this substitution impacts the plankton's ability to sequester carbon dioxide. (triumf.ca)

and (3) Products of bombardment of copper with high energy deuterons and helium ions. (unt.edu)
The identity and relative yields of about twenty of the radioisotopes produced by the bombardment of natural copper with 190 Mev deuterons and 380 Mev helium ions have been determined. (unt.edu)
Copper ions are homeostatically controlled in all organisms and the control efficiencies increase with trophic chain. (europa.eu)
Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete- Part II: Subcellular distribution following sediment exposure. (usgs.gov)
Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete - Part I: Relative importance of water and sediment as exposure routes. (usgs.gov)
Interacting selectively with copper (Cu) ions . (dict.md)
The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle . (dict.md)

The radioisotopes produced by the inventive method are especially suitable for producing radioisotope-labelled bioconjugates as well as particles, in particular nanoparticles and microparticles. (freepatentsonline.com)
Functionalization of gold nanoparticles with monovalent maleimide, by the installation of a maleimide group on nanoparticle via copper-free click chemistry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated successful surface functionalization of the nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol, TRC105 antibody (specific for CD105/endoglin), and 89 Zr (a positron-emitting radioisotope), and enhanced in vivo tumor vasculature-targeted positron emission tomography imaging in 4T1 murine breast tumor-bearing mice. (springer.com)
Biokinetics of different-shaped copper oxide nanoparticles in the freshwater gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum . (usgs.gov)

Production possibility of copper radioisotopes from cobalt target for PET studies. (atomki.hu)
Nowadays, some cobalt is produced specifically from various metallic-lustered ores, for example cobaltite (CoAsS), but the main source of the element is as a by-product of copper and nickel mining. (phys.org)
The copper belt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia yields most of the cobalt metal mined worldwide. (phys.org)
Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer and in the production of gamma rays. (phys.org)
Although neodymium is classed as a rare-earth element, it is fairly common, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, or copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. (wikipedia.org)

The nickel deposits of Norilsk-Talnakh are the largest-known nickel-copper-palladium deposits in the world. (wikipedia.org)
From Dudinka, enriched nickel and copper are transported to Murmansk by sea and, then, to the Monchegorsk enrichment and smelting plant on the Kola Peninsula, while more precious content goes up the river to Krasnoyarsk. (wikipedia.org)
A number of Finnish companies assisted in the construction and automation of Norilsk's No. 2 copper and nickel smelters (in the so-called Nadezhda complex), which led to bringing substantial numbers of Finnish metallurgical and automation experts and their families to Norilsk starting in 1978, creating a Finnish expat community of some hundreds of people for a couple of years. (wikipedia.org)

Tetraazamacrocyclic ligands are the most widely used bifunctional chelators (BFCs) for attaching copper radionuclides to antibodies and peptides due to their relatively high kinetic stability. (elsevier.com)

Copper (29Cu) has two stable isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, along with 27 radioisotopes. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, as copper is a biostatic material, copper surfaces and doorknobs are used in hospitals to prevent the transfer of germs, and copper (II) sulfate is used as a fungicide. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
copper sulfate cupric sulfate . (thefreedictionary.com)
The method is being used on a routine basis on both sulfate and nitrate solutions containing copper concentrations from 0 to over 100 g/l. (cdc.gov)
A sulfate salt of copper. (dict.md)
Respiratory toxicity of copper was tested in Wistar rats by spraying copper sulfate (330 g/l spray) for daily periods of 1 hr in a self-contained chamber for up to 10 days. (dict.md)

Upon binding, the radioisotope moiety may be detected using positron emission tomography (PET), thereby allowing the imaging and quantification of HER2-expressing tumor cells. (cancer.gov)

The global radioisotope market was valued at $9.6 billion in 2016, with medical radioisotopes accounting for about 80% of this, and it is poised to reach about $17 billion by 2021. (world-nuclear.org)

High-grade transvaal chalcopyrite was neutron-irradiated to produce radioisotopes copper- 64, iron-59, and sulfur-35. (cdc.gov)

A ductile malleable metallic element with atomic number 29 that is a component of various enzymes, is used in its salt forms as an astringent, deodorant, and antifungal, and whose radioisotope is used in brain scans and for diagnosing Wilson disease. (thefreedictionary.com)
Copper is malleable and ductile - both easily beaten into shape or drawn out into wires. (h2g2.com)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Bromine Radioisotopes" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Bromine Radioisotopes" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Bromine Radioisotopes" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)

Copper (Cu) is an important trace element that acts as a cofactor for many enzymes and proteins that are important for respiration, iron transport, metabolism, cell growth and hemostasis in humans. (turkiyeklinikleri.com)
Copper acts as an active cofactor in over 20 enzymes and proteins, notably the respiratory enzymes haemocyanin and cytochrome oxidase and the anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (WHO, 1998). (europa.eu)
Copper is bound to proteins such as ceruloplasmin and metallothionenin, functioning as copper storage and mobilised as needed. (europa.eu)
Proteomic Analysis of Copper-Binding Proteins in Excess Copper-Stressed Roots of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties with Different Cu Tolerances. (jove.com)

Copper (symbol Cu , atomic number 29) is one of the oldest known metals in human history. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Copper Chelation involves non - covalent coordination bonding between the central heavy metal trace element (atomic symbol Cu) with atomic number 29 and an organic chemical , often as part of an enzyme . (dict.md)

Protein site-specific labeling techniques involve copper-free strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction between dibenzocyclooctyne-fluor 545 (DBCO-fluor 545) and an azide-bearing unnatural amino acid (UAA). (sigmaaldrich.com)

Cu atoms with atomic weights 58-62, 64, and 66-68 are radioactive copper isotopes. (umassmed.edu)
The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to several applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology ). (world-nuclear.org)

The most stable radioisotope is 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours, while the least stable is 54Cu with a half-life of approximately 75 ns. (wikipedia.org)
These enriched stable isotopes are used as target materials in the preparation of radioisotopes with particle accelerators and nuclear reactors and as biological tracers in biomedical research and clinical applications. (nap.edu)
Argonne's work in radioisotopes is supported by the DOE Isotope Program, which is the global leader in producing and distributing radioactive and enriched stable isotopes that are deemed critical or are in short supply. (infosurhoy.com)
I used nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes to show that cadmium, in contrast to copper, could be magnified along certain freshwater food webs. (usgs.gov)
In addition to my work on metal trophic transfer, I refined an approach that involves the use stable metal isotopes (rather than radioisotopes) to describe accumulation and loss dynamics in freshwater invertebrates. (usgs.gov)
In all, 31 radioisotopes of neodymium have been detected as of 2010[update], with the most stable radioisotopes being the naturally occurring ones: 144Nd (alpha decay with a half-life (t1/2) of 2.29×1015 years) and 150Nd (double beta decay, t1/2 = 7×1018 years, approximately). (wikipedia.org)

In recent years specialists have also come from radiology, as dual PET/CT (positron emission tomography with computerised tomography) procedures have become established, increasing the role of accelerators in radioisotope production. (world-nuclear.org)
Radiotracer [ 64 Cu]DOTA-ADIBON 3 -Ala-PEG 28 -A20FMDV2, used for positron emission tomography imaging of integrin α v β 6 expressing tumors, has been synthesized via copper-free click chemistry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This article focusses on acute changes in copper trafficking, particularly influx and efflux in brain, and how it is altered in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease compared to normal mice, and highlights the growing opportunity to use positron emission tomography in the study of metallomics at the whole body level in animals and humans. (rsc.org)
The radiotracer approach is given added power by the growing availability of positron emission tomography (PET), which allows positron-emitting radioisotopes to be used to map acute copper trafficking processes across the whole body longitudinally and non-invasively in living humans and animals. (rsc.org)
Of the available positron-emitting copper radioisotopes, 64 Cu is the most practical due to its relatively long half life ( t 1/2 = 12.7 h) which offers a relatively large time window (2-3 days) for PET imaging. (rsc.org)
In addition, the photosensitizer is a fluorescent dye and it can bind the radioisotope copper-64, which enables visualization with both fluorescence imaging and positron emission tomography (PET). (researchsea.com)
Centers that do not have cyclotrons rely on generator-produced radioisotopes for assessment of regional myocardial perfusion with positron emission tomography (PET). (elsevier.com)
The aim of the present study was to develop and implement an approach to quantify regional myocardial perfusion using copper(II) pyruvaldehyde bis-(N 4 -thiosemicarbazone) (PTSM) labeled with the generator-produced, positron-emitting radionuclide 62 Cu (t 1/2 =9.7 minutes). (elsevier.com)
Novel ligands, NBEA, NBPA, NETA, NE3TA, and NE3TA-Bn, were synthesized and evaluated as potential chelators of copper radioisotopes for use in targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging or radiation therapy. (elsevier.com)

4) the comparison between copper toxicity from dietary versus waterborne exposures. (europa.eu)
Water-borne exposure (not diet borne exposure) is the exposure route critical to copper toxicity. (europa.eu)

NorthStar's RadioGenix System is an innovative, high tech radioisotope separation platform indicated for use in producing the widely used medical radioisotope Tc-99m from non-uranium based molybdenum-99 (Mo-99). (businesswire.com)

Weisman, Wong, and coworkers (23 , 24) have synthesized and characterized a series of copper (II) cross-bridged cyclam complexes that demonstrate improved kinetic stability compared with TETA complexes. (aacrjournals.org)

How many protons and neutrons are there in copper 63? (answers.com)
nThere are 29 Protons and 34 Neutrons in Copper-63. (answers.com)
There are also 29 Protons and 36 Neutrons in Copper-65. (answers.com)
What is the number of protons electrons and neutrons copper has? (answers.com)
Copper has 29 protons, 34 or 36 neutrons (depending on which isotope) and 29 electrons. (answers.com)
The resulting photo-nuclear reaction ejects one or more protons or neutrons to make the desired radioisotope: copper-67 in this case. (infosurhoy.com)

However, the data presented here suggest that neutral or negatively charged Cu(II) complexes of tetraazamacrocyclic ligands with a cyclam backbone (tetradecane) are optimal for copper radiopharmaceutical applications. (elsevier.com)

Copper Radioisotopes" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)

Radioluminescence is also sometimes seen around high-power radiation sources, such as nuclear reactors and radioisotopes. (wikipedia.org)

Iodine radioisotope labeling of cyclooctyne-containing molecules by copper-free click reaction has been reported. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This method is useful for both in vitro and in vivo labeling of DBCO group containing molecules with iodine radioisotopes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Park, S. H. Efficient method for iodine radioisotope labeling of cyclooctyne-containing molecules using strain-promoted copper-free click reaction. (alfa.com)
Nuclear accidents such as Fukushima (or nuclear war) can expose your body to radioactive iodine-131, a dangerous radioisotope. (naturalnews.com)

Copper is an essential micronutrient, needed for optimal growth and development of micro-organisms, plants, animals and humans. (europa.eu)
Gold, silver and copper were the first metals that early humans came across. (h2g2.com)
Copper is often described as a 'salmon pink' metallic element, and was probably the first metal to be used by humans for practical purposes. (h2g2.com)

The aim of treatment is to bypass the normal route of absorption of copper through the gastrointestinal tract. (bioportfolio.com)
Copper histidine is a copper replacement that can be injected directly into the body to avoid absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. (bioportfolio.com)
Several issues must be addressed in configuring therapeutic strategies for this disorder: (a) affected infants must be identified and treatment commenced very early in life before irreparable neurodegeneration occurs, (b) the block in intestinal absorption of copper must be bypassed, (c) circulating copper must be delivered to the brain, and (d) copper must be available to enzymes within cells that require it as a cofactor. (bioportfolio.com)

Copper compounds show vast array of biological actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, biocidal and other. (chemweb.com)
Conversely, reduction of their compounds to the pure metal is easiest for gold, and diminishes through silver to copper 1 . (h2g2.com)
If the stones had happened to contain copper and/or tin compounds, the metals would flow out as liquids and quickly harden into lumps. (h2g2.com)

NorthStar also announced progress in its multi-pronged expansion efforts to ensure a reliable, domestically produced Mo-99 supply for the U.S. healthcare system, an expanded product portfolio and deployment of its technological expertise in scaling up commercial production for therapeutic radioisotopes copper-67 (Cu-67) and actinium (Ac-225). (businesswire.com)
We are applying our development expertise towards commercial-scale production of promising therapeutic radioisotopes such as Cu-67 and Ac-225, which may have potential in treating a range of cancers. (businesswire.com)
Ruth has become widely recognized for his expertise and work at the leading edge of radioisotope applications in nuclear medicine, from studying the origins and progression of neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease to future-facing personalized medicine and cancer treatment using therapeutic radioisotopes, including alpha-emitting isotopes . (triumf.ca)

Copper is the one of the new radioisotopes in Nuclear Medicine that can be used for different metabolic imaging of several organs and systems. (turkiyeklinikleri.com)
Insufficient bioavailable copper in soils has been shown to reduce agricultural yields and to produce metabolic copper deficiencies in animals. (europa.eu)
Depending on the organism's metabolic need, different copper levels are found in tissues from different strains, species and life stages. (europa.eu)

5 Copper-free click chemistry is based on a very old reaction, published in 1961 by Wittig et al. (sigmaaldrich.com)
7 Difluorinated cyclooctyne reagents have been reported to be useful for the copper-free click chemistry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide hydrogels derived from chitosan and hyaluronan have been achieved by copper-free click chemistry. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Novel class of difluorinated cyclooctyne (DIFO) reagents were employed in copper-free click chemistry for the site-selective labeling of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Copper-free click chemistry is an alternative approach to click chemistry that proceeds at a lower activation barrier and is free of cytotoxic transition metal catalysts. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Argonne's long history of expertise in nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, chemical separations and accelerator physics has paid dividends in the creation of both a radionuclide research and development program and a specialized process for supplying a particular radionuclide, copper-67, to the medical community. (infosurhoy.com)

A lower "k" indicates a higher percent of copper or silver mixed into the alloy, with copper being the more commonly used metal between the two. (citizendium.org)
Fourteen karat gold-copper alloy will be nearly identical in color to certain bronze alloys, and both may be used to produce police and other badges. (citizendium.org)
The Bronze Age started when copper and tin were mixed, probably accidentally, to make the alloy we now know as bronze - a much harder metal than either copper or tin alone. (h2g2.com)

High purity production and potential applications of copper-60 and copper-61," Nuclear Medicine and Biology , vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 351-358, 1999. (hindawi.com)
In higher organisms (vertebrates), homeostatic control of copper supply is achieved mainly by storage in the liver and biliary secretion (Underwood and Suttle, 1999). (europa.eu)

75 or 88 or 107, speaking as we find 1675 substances( online Clinical and Radiological Aspects of Myopathies: CT Scanning · EMG · Radioisotopes 1982. (ballroomchicago.com)
Though nowadays it is found in combination with other substances, when we first became interested in its properties about 5000 BC, there was probably enough natural metallic copper 5 around to be found readily. (h2g2.com)

Molybdenum will probably not be produced, despite the fact that much of the world's supply of the short-lived radioisotope is dependent on a single Canadian nuclear reactor ( SCAN 6/10/97). (diagnosticimaging.com)
Bismuth is found in bismuthinite and bismite It is also produced as a byproduct of lead , copper , tin , molybdenum and tungsten extraction. (americanelements.com)

To date, copper has not found many uses in medicine, but number of ongoing research, as well as preclinical and clinical studies, will most likely lead to many novel applications of copper in the near future. (chemweb.com)

There is widespread awareness of the use of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine, particularly for diagnosis (identification) and therapy (treatment) of various medical conditions. (world-nuclear.org)

Triazole analogs of phthalate plasticizers (PVC-DEHT, PVC-DBT and PVC-DMT) have been prepared by copper-free azide-alkyne click reaction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)-1 H -triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (DEHT), di( n -butyl)-1 H- 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (DBT), and di(methyl)-1 H -triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (DMT) are covalently attached to azide-functionalized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) via copper free-click reaction. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Immobilization of the Gas Signaling Molecule H2 S by Radioisotopes: Detection, Quantification, and In Vivo Imaging. (nih.gov)
Herein, we report the first radioisotope-based immobilization technique for the detection, quantification, and in vivo imaging of endogenous H2 S. Macrocyclic (64) Cu complexes that instantly reacted with gaseous H2 S to form insoluble (64) CuS in a highly sensitive and selective manner were prepared. (nih.gov)

Copper (Cu) is required by the body as a cofactor or regulator in many important physiological processes such as cell signaling, cellular respiration, free-radical defence, neurotransmitter synthesis, neuronal myelination, and iron metabolism. (rsc.org)

If a liver examination is necessary, the doctor might order a computerized axial tomography ( CAT ) scan, ultrasound, a scan of the liver using a radioisotope , or look at the liver using a laparoscope . (digitalnaturopath.com)

The data have been reviewed by two authors in view of assessing the relation between the CuBCF/BAF values and the copper concentrations in the water and sediment. (europa.eu)
Field data further show that copper concentrations in tissues of marine mammals and coastal seabirds, regardless of species, except brain, tend to decrease with increasing age (Eisler 1984, Lock et al. (europa.eu)
Playle,1993a demonstrated that copper concentrations in the target organ (gills) correlates to the free copper concentration, not to the total copper concentration in the test water. (europa.eu)

However due to the homeostatic regulation of copper (and other metals), theBCF/BAF are not independent of exposure concentration (Review papers of Adams et al. (europa.eu)

Aquatic invertebrates such as gastropods, some crustacea and bivalves, relying on haemoocyanin as respiratory pigment, have typically higher copper levels than invertebrates relying on haemoglobin as respiratory pigment (e.g. (europa.eu)
1992). Neonatal marine mammals have higher copper levels compared to the mothers (Law et al. (europa.eu)

BUSINESS WIRE )--NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes, LLC, a global innovator in the production and distribution of radioisotopes used for medical imaging, today announced a corporate update highlighting the continued commercial progress of its RadioGenix® System (technetium Tc 99m generator). (businesswire.com)
A radioimmunoconjugate containing the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab conjugated with the bifunctional, macrocyclic chelating agent tetra-azacyclododecanetetra-acetic acid (DOTA) and labeled with the radioisotope copper Cu 64 with radioisotopic activity and potential use as an imaging agent. (cancer.gov)
Copper trafficking was evaluated in 6-8-month-old and 13-15 month-old TASTPM transgenic and wild-type mice, by imaging 0-30 min and 24-25 h after intravenous administration of 64 Cu tracer. (rsc.org)
PET imaging with 64 Cu could help understand changes in brain copper dynamics in AD and underpin new clinical diagnostic imaging methods. (rsc.org)
His work, along with the Wolf group's work to identify radioisotopes that could be used for PET scanning, helped drive acceptance for PET imaging and eventually paved the way for the wider development of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine techniques. (triumf.ca)

Adding copper yields a redder metal, iron blue, aluminium purple, platinum metals white, and natural bismuth together with silver alloys produce black. (citizendium.org)

There is a considerable amount of copper accumulation data available. (europa.eu)
2) the influence of environmental parameters (eg Organic Carbon, pH, Cationic Exchange Capacity) as well as food intake on the accumulation of copper. (europa.eu)
There is a considerable amount of copper accumulation data available, that could potentially be used to calculate bioconcentration factors ( BCF ) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and assess the corresponding potential risks in aquatic food chains. (europa.eu)
Particular to copper, this inverse relationship was clearly demonstrated for BCFs, BAFs and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). (europa.eu)
The section further includes critical data related to the accumulation of copper to the critical target tissue for copper (eg gills in aquatic organisms) and on the influence of dissolved organic matter, calcium and sodium on the accumulation of copper. (europa.eu)
excessive accumulation in the body may lead to copper poisoning . (dict.md)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care1

67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, toxicity and tumor regression in patients with lymphoma. (1/245)

67Cu-versus 131I-labeled Lym-1 antibody: comparative pharmacokinetics and dosimetry in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (2/245)

Practical determination of patient-specific marrow dose using radioactivity concentration in blood and body. (3/245)

Targeting superficial bladder cancer by the intravesical administration of copper-67-labeled anti-MUC1 mucin monoclonal antibody C595. (4/245)

CopA: An Escherichia coli Cu(I)-translocating P-type ATPase. (5/245)

Performance of a 62Zn/62Cu generator in clinical trials of PET perfusion agent 62Cu-PTSM. (6/245)

High-resolution microPET imaging of carcinoembryonic antigen-positive xenografts by using a copper-64-labeled engineered antibody fragment. (7/245)

Gastrointestinal uptake and distribution of copper in rainbow trout. (8/245)

Copper Radioisotopes

Copper

Radioisotopes

Zinc Radioisotopes

Copper Sulfate

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Strontium Radioisotopes

Iodine Radioisotopes

Krypton Radioisotopes

Indium Radioisotopes

Sodium Radioisotopes

Radioactivity

Barium Radioisotopes

Radionuclide Imaging

Yttrium Radioisotopes

Tin Radioisotopes

Iron Radioisotopes

Carbon Radioisotopes

Ceruloplasmin

Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Beta Particles

Technetium

Mercury Radioisotopes

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

Cesium Isotopes

Cerium Radioisotopes

Cobalt Isotopes

Hafnium

Zinc

Gold Radioisotopes

Zinc Isotopes

Isotope Labeling

Lead Radioisotopes

Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope

Sulfur Radioisotopes

Cation Transport Proteins

Cadmium Radioisotopes

Astatine

Radioimmunotherapy

Hepatolenticular Degeneration

Lutetium

Rhenium

Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome

Samarium

Radiopharmaceuticals

Soil Pollutants, Radioactive

Isotopes

Bromine Radioisotopes

Scintillation Counting

Subdural Effusion

Calcium Isotopes

Radioactive Waste

Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated

Tissue Distribution

Ruthenium Radioisotopes

Radiometric Dating

Selenium Radioisotopes

Alpha Particles

Tungsten

Pentetic Acid

Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Iron

Organometallic Compounds

Radioisotope Teletherapy

Methods

Spectrometry, Gamma

Nuclear Medicine

Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

Intrauterine Devices, Copper

Radiometry

Intestinal Absorption

Rosaniline Dyes

Tritium

Nostoc commune

Whole-Body Counting

Potassium Radioisotopes

Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Metallothionein

Azurin