Convection
Transmission of energy or mass by a medium involving movement of the medium itself. The circulatory movement that occurs in a fluid at a nonuniform temperature owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed; Webster, 10th ed)
Thermal Conductivity
Diffusion
Coriolis Force
The apparent deflection (Coriolis acceleration) of a body in motion with respect to the earth, as seen by an observer on the earth, attributed to a fictitious force (Coriolis force) but actually caused by the rotation of the earth. In a medical context it refers to the physiological effects (nausea, vertigo, dizziness, etc.) felt by a person moving radially in a rotating system, as a rotating space station. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Hydrodynamics
Hemodiafiltration
Atmosphere
Rheology
Respiratory Transport
Cetylpyridinium
Models, Theoretical
Extracellular Fluid
Heating
Influenzavirus A
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Models, Biological
Hemofiltration
Pressure
Air
Biological Transport
Body Temperature Regulation
Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
Water
Acinar flow irreversibility caused by perturbations in reversible alveolar wall motion. (1/141)
Mixing associated with "stretch-and-fold" convective flow patterns has recently been demonstrated to play a potentially important role in aerosol transport and deposition deep in the lung (J. P. Butler and A. Tsuda. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 800-809, 1997), but the origin of this potent mechanism is not well characterized. In this study we hypothesized that even a small degree of asynchrony in otherwise reversible alveolar wall motion is sufficient to cause flow irreversibility and stretch-and-fold convective mixing. We tested this hypothesis using a large-scale acinar model consisting of a T-shaped junction of three short, straight, square ducts. The model was filled with silicone oil, and alveolar wall motion was simulated by pistons in two of the ducts. The pistons were driven to generate a low-Reynolds-number cyclic flow with a small amount of asynchrony in boundary motion adjusted to match the degree of geometric (as distinguished from pressure-volume) hysteresis found in rabbit lungs (H. Miki, J. P. Butler, R. A. Rogers, and J. Lehr. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1630-1636, 1993). Tracer dye was introduced into the system, and its motion was monitored. The results showed that even a slight asynchrony in boundary motion leads to flow irreversibility with complicated swirling tracer patterns. Importantly, the kinematic irreversibility resulted in stretching of the tracer with narrowing of the separation between adjacent tracer lines, and when the cycle-by-cycle narrowing of lateral distance reached the slowly growing diffusion distance of the tracer, mixing abruptly took place. This coupling of evolving convective flow patterns with diffusion is the essence of the stretch-and-fold mechanism. We conclude that even a small degree of boundary asynchrony can give rise to stretch-and-fold convective mixing, thereby leading to transport and deposition of fine and ultrafine aerosol particles deep in the lung. (+info)Cytoplasmic transport of fatty acids in rat enterocytes: role of binding to fatty acid-binding protein. (2/141)
The intracellular movement of fatty acids is thought to be facilitated through codiffusion with fatty acid-binding protein (FABP). This facilitation may occur by decreasing binding to immobile membranes, leading to faster cytoplasmic diffusion. The aims of this study were to measure the intracellular transport of 12-N-methyl-(7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol)aminostearate (NBD-stearate) in villus rat enterocytes and to determine 1) the mechanism of its cytoplasmic transport and 2) if its transport rate correlated with the known variation of FABP binding capacity along the length of the small intestine. Two-dimensional laser photobleaching was used to measure the movement of a fluorescent fatty acid NBD-stearate in enterocytes isolated from different segments of rat intestine. The fraction of NBD-stearate found in the cytostol of enterocytes was determined by differential centrifugation. Cytoplasmic transport of NBD-stearate occurred solely by diffusion and not by convection. Diffusion was homogeneous (nondirectional), consistent with isotropic diffusion. The diffusion rate varied with location along the intestine, correlating with the local FABP concentration and measured cytosolic binding. We conclude that cytoplasmic proteins like FABP promote the intracellular transport of fatty acids by enhancing their diffusive flux. We suggest that facilitation is not specific for a particular cell type but occurs in a variety of cells that transport fatty acids and may contain different types of FABP. (+info)Clothing convective heat exchange--proposal for improved prediction in standards and models. (3/141)
Convection is an important determinant for both sensible and evaporative heat exchange. Heat transfer by convection for normal boundary conditions is readily described by simple power functions. Clothing affects convection in various ways and existing characterisation of clothing by its static insulation values produces inaccurate prediction of sensible heat exchange, eventually leading to erroneous risk assessment. The present paper reviews various methods for evaluation of clothing convective (sensible) heat exchange. Based on available data, two equations are proposed for determination of the reduction of the total insulation values obtained under static, still wind conditions as a consequence of wind and walking effects. The equations apply from 0 to 1.84 clo, from 0.2 to 3 m/s and for walking speeds up to 1.2 m/s. The equations are incorporated in ISO 7933 to provide a more realistic and accurate prediction of sensible heat transfer through clothing. (+info)The effects of wind and human movement on the heat and vapour transfer properties of clothing. (4/141)
This paper integrates the research presented in the papers in this special issue of Holmer et al. and Havenith et al. [Holmer, I., Nilsson, H., Havenith, G., Parsons, K. C. (1999) Clothing convective heat exchange: proposal for improved prediction in standards and models. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, in press; Havenith, G., Holmer, I., den Hartog, E. and Parsons, K. C. (1999) Clothing evaporative heat resistance: proposal for improved representation in standards and models. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, in press] to provide a practical suggestion for improving existing clothing models so that they can account for the effects of wind and human movement. The proposed method is presented and described in the form of a BASIC computer program. Analytical methods (for example ISO 7933) for the assessment of the thermal strain caused by human exposure to hot environments require a mathematical quantification of the thermal properties of clothing. These effects are usually considered in terms of 'dry' thermal insulation and vapour resistance. This simple 'model' of clothing can account for the insulation properties of clothing which reduce heat loss (or gain) between the body and the environment and, for example, the resistance to the transfer of evaporated sweat from the skin, which is important for cooling the body in a hot environment. When a clothed person is exposed to wind, however, and when the person is active, there is a potentially significant limitation in the simple model of clothing presented above. Heat and mass transfer can take place between the microclimate (within clothing and next to the skin surface) and the external environment. The method described in this paper 'corrects' static values of clothing properties to provide dynamic values that take account of wind and human movement. It therefore allows a more complete representation of the effects of clothing on the heat strain of workers. (+info)Efficacy of two methods for reducing postbypass afterdrop. (5/141)
BACKGROUND: Afterdrop, defined as the precipitous reduction in core temperature after cardiopulmonary bypass, results from redistribution of body heat to inadequately warmed peripheral tissues. The authors tested two methods of ameliorating afterdrop: (1) forced-air warming of peripheral tissues and (2) nitroprusside-induced vasodilation. METHODS: Patients were cooled during cardiopulmonary bypass to approximately 32 degrees C and subsequently rewarmed to a nasopharyngeal temperature near 37 degrees C and a rectal temperature near 36 degrees C. Patients in the forced-air protocol (n = 20) were assigned randomly to forced-air warming or passive insulation on the legs. Active heating started with rewarming while undergoing bypass and was continued for the remainder of surgery. Patients in the nitroprusside protocol (n = 30) were assigned randomly to either a control group or sodium nitroprusside administration. Pump flow during rewarming was maintained at 2.5 l x m(-2) x min(-1) in the control patients and at 3.0 l x m(-2) x min(-1) in those assigned to sodium nitroprusside. Sodium nitroprusside was titrated to maintain a mean arterial pressure near 60 mm Hg. In all cases, a nasopharyngeal probe evaluated core (trunk and head) temperature and heat content. Peripheral compartment (arm and leg) temperature and heat content were estimated using fourth-order regressions and integration over volume from 18 intramuscular needle thermocouples, nine skin temperatures, and "deep" hand and foot temperature. RESULTS: In patients warmed with forced air, peripheral tissue temperature was higher at the end of warming and remained higher until the end of surgery. The core temperature afterdrop was reduced from 1.2+/-0.2 degrees C to 0.5+/-0.2 degrees C by forced-air warming. The duration of afterdrop also was reduced, from 50+/-11 to 27+/-14 min. In the nitroprusside group, a rectal temperature of 36 degrees C was reached after 30+/-7 min of rewarming. This was only slightly faster than the 40+/-13 min necessary in the control group. The afterdrop was 0.8+/-0.3 degrees C with nitroprusside and lasted 34+/-10 min which was similar to the 1.1+/-0.3 degrees C afterdrop that lasted 44+/-13 min in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous warming reduced the core temperature afterdrop by 60%. However, heat-balance data indicate that this reduction resulted primarily because forced-air heating prevented the typical decrease in body heat content after discontinuation of bypass, rather than by reducing redistribution. Nitroprusside administration slightly increased peripheral tissue temperature and heat content at the end of rewarming. However, the core-to-peripheral temperature gradient was low in both groups. Consequently, there was little redistribution in either case. (+info)Influence of convection on small molecule clearances in online hemodiafiltration. (6/141)
BACKGROUND: Dialysis efficacy is mostly influenced by dialyzer clearance. Urea clearance may be estimated in vitro by total ion clearance, which can be obtained by conductivity measurements. We have previously used this approach to assess in vitro clearances in a system mimicking predilutional and postdilutional online hemodiafiltration with a wide range of QD, QB, and ultrafiltration rates. Our current study elaborates on a formula that allows the prediction of the influence of ultrafiltration on small molecule clearances, and validates the mathematical approach both experimentally in vitro and clinically in vivo data. METHODS: Two conductivimeters in the dialysate side of an E-2008 Fresenius machine were used. HF80 and HF40 polysulfone dialyzers were used; reverse osmosis water and dialysate were used for blood and dialysate compartments, respectively. Study conditions included QB of 300 and 400 mL/min and QD of 500 and 590 mL/min, with a range of ultrafiltration rate from 0 to 400 mL/min in postdilutional hemodiafiltration and to 590 mL/min in predilutional hemodiafiltration. Urea clearances were determined in the in vivo studies, which included 0, 50, 100, and 150 mL/min ultrafiltration rates. RESULTS: The ultrafiltration rate and clearance were significantly correlated (R > 0.9, P < 0.001) and fitted a linear model (P < 0.001) in all of the experimental conditions. The following formula fitted the experimental points with an error <2% for both postdilutional and predilutional online diafiltration in vitro, respectively. K = K0 + [(QB - K0)/(QB)] x ultrafiltration rateK = K0 + [((QD x QB)/(QB + QD) - K0)/QD] x ultrafiltration rate where K is the clearance; K0 is the clearance with nil ultrafiltration rate; QD is the total dialysate produced (in commercial HDF, QD = QDi + Qinf). Since weight loss was maintained at 0, ultrafiltration rate = infusion flow. QB is the "blood" line flow. The formula was also verified in vivo in clinical postdilutional hemodiafiltration with a QB taking into account the cellular and water compartments. DISCUSSION: In vitro, by simply determining the clearance in conventional dialysis, the total clearance for any ultrafiltration rate may be estimated in both predilutional and postdilutional online diafiltration with an error of less than 2%. The same applies to in vivo postdilutional hemodiafiltration when the formula takes into account the cellular and water composition of blood. (+info)Contaminant dispersion in the vicinity of a worker in a uniform velocity field. (7/141)
The transportation of gaseous contaminant from a low and moderate low impulse (momentum<1 m s(-1)) source to the breathing zone was studied in a uniform air stream flow. Results of the effects of the direction and the velocity of principal air flow, convection due to a human body, arm movement of a human being and the type of source on the concentration profiles are presented. Three important results were obtained. Firstly, for a given low and moderate impulse low impulse contaminant source in the near field of a worker, his/her orientation relative to the principal air flow direction is the most important factor in reducing occupational exposure, with an air velocity of about 0.3 m s(-1). Secondly, the effect of convection resulting from body heat on air flow was lower than expected. Thirdly, arm movements influence contaminant dispersion, and should be included when models assessing exposure are developed. The present data can also be used to validate existing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models. (+info)Monitoring response to convection-enhanced taxol delivery in brain tumor patients using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. (8/141)
Convection-enhanced drug delivery (CEDD) is a novel approach to enhance the delivery of drugs directly into brain tumors. We have used diffusion-weighted MRI (DWMRI) to monitor the effects of intratumoral CEDD in three brain tumor patients treated with Taxol. Clear changes in the images and the water diffusion parameters were observed shortly after the initiation of treatment. Initially, a bright area corresponding to decreased diffusion appeared, followed by the appearance of a dark area of increased diffusion within the bright area. The time to appearance of the dark area varied among the patients, suggesting different response rates. In this work, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using DWMRI as a noninvasive tool to achieve unique early tissue characterization not attainable by other conventional imaging methods. (+info)
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Convection
... referred to as a form of convection, e.g. thermo-capilliary convection and Granular convection. Convection may happen in fluids ... In thermodynamics "convection" often refers to heat transfer by convection, where the prefixed variant Natural Convection is ... Bénard cells Churchill-Bernstein equation Combined forced and natural convection Double diffusive convection Forced convection ... The convection zone of a star is the range of radii in which energy is transported primarily by convection. Granules on the ...
Convection cell
The size of convection cells is largely determined by the fluid's properties. Convection cells can even occur when the heating ... Such movement is called convection, and the moving body of liquid is referred to as a convection cell. This particular type of ... Convection usually requires a gravitational field, but in microgravity experiments, thermal convection has been observed ... Convection cells can form in any fluid, including the Earth's atmosphere (where they are called Hadley cells), boiling water, ...
Forced convection
When Ar ≫ 1, natural convection dominates and when Ar ≪ 1, forced convection dominates. A r = G r R e 2 {\displaystyle Ar={\ ... Convective heat transfer Combined forced and natural convection Forced Convection Heat Transfer Bahrami, M Simon Fraser ... When the natural convection is not negligible, such flows are typically referred to as mixed convection. When analyzing ... In any forced convection situation, some amount of natural convection is always present whenever there are gravitational forces ...
Convection heater
A convection heater (otherwise known as a convector heater) is a type of heater that uses convection currents to heat and ... Convection heaters are commonly classified according to their power source. Electric convection heaters use electricity, while ... in Dallas, Texas in 1924, is an example of an early model of a convection space heater. This model consisted of three stoves ... Developments in convection heating technology included the publication of the very first manual on fireplace design called ...
Atmospheric convection
Buoyant convection begins at the level of free convection (LFC), above which an air parcel may ascend through the free ... The latent heat release from condensation is the determinate between significant convection and almost no convection at all. ... Another convection-driven weather effect is the sea breeze. Warm air has a lower density than cool air, so warm air rises ... Atmospheric convection is called deep when it extends from near the surface to above the 500 hPa level, generally stopping at ...
Mantle convection
... which indicates vigorous convection. This value corresponds to whole mantle convection (i.e. convection extending from the ... A single shallow convection cycle takes on the order of 50 million years, though deeper convection can be closer to 200 million ... Mantle convection is the very slow creeping motion of Earth's solid silicate mantle as convection currents carrying heat from ... In 1993 it was suggested that inhomogeneities in D" layer have some impact on mantle convection. Mantle convection causes ...
Thermomagnetic convection
Heat transfer due to this form of convection can be much more effective than buoyancy-induced convection for systems with small ... which leads to thermomagnetic convection. This form of heat transfer can be useful for cases where conventional convection ... They showed how to enhance, suppress and invert the convection modes. They have also carried out scaling analysis for ... A comprehensive review of thermomagnetic convection (in A. Mukhopadhyay, R. Ganguly, S. Sen, and I. K. Puri, "Scaling analysis ...
Convection oven
... natural convection) ovens and fan-assisted (forced convection) ovens. Convection ovens distribute heat evenly around the food, ... The first convection oven in wide use was the Maxson Whirlwind Oven, invented in 1945. A convection oven has a fan with a ... There are also convection microwave ovens which combine a convection oven with a microwave oven to cook food with the speed of ... "Definition of CONVECTION OVEN". www.merriam-webster.com. Ojakangas, Beatrice (2009). Cooking with Convection: Everything You ...
Granular convection
... has been probed by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) where convection rolls similar to those in ... Under experimental conditions, granular convection of variously sized particles has been observed forming convection cells ... The convection of granular flows is becoming a well-understood phenomenon. It may be counterintuitive to find that the largest ... If a large particle is involved, it will be moved up to the top by convection flow. Once at the top, the large particle will ...
Marklund convection
... , named after Swedish physicist Göran Marklund, is a convection process that takes place in filamentary ... During this convection, the different chemical constituents of the plasma, each having its specific ionization potential, ... It occurs within a plasma with an associated electric field, that causes convection of ions and electrons inward towards a ... Portals: Physics Astronomy Stars Spaceflight Outer space Solar System Science (Plasma physics, Convection). ...
Convection zone
A convection zone, convective zone or convective region of a star is a layer which is unstable due to convection. Energy is ... Stellar convection consists of mass movement of plasma within the star which usually forms a circular convection current with ... The core convection zone of these stars is overlaid by a radiation zone that is in thermal equilibrium and undergoes little or ... The region of the star in which this happens is the convection zone. In main sequence stars more than 1.3 times the mass of the ...
Rayleigh-Bénard convection
"Pearson-Bénard convection". Rayleigh-Bénard convection is also sometimes known as "Bénard-Rayleigh convection", "Bénard ... Bénard-Rayleigh convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental ... In fluid thermodynamics, Rayleigh-Bénard convection is a type of natural convection, occurring in a planar horizontal layer of ... convection", or "Rayleigh convection". Hydrodynamic stability Marangoni effect Natural convection Giant's Causeway and Causeway ...
Convection enhanced delivery
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is method of drug delivery in which drug is delivered into using bulk flow rather than ... MacKay, J. Andrew; Deen, Dennis F.; Szoka, Francis C. (February 2005). "Distribution in brain of liposomes after convection ... Lam, Miu Fei; Thomas, Meghan G.; Lind, Christopher R.P. (September 2011). "Neurosurgical convection-enhanced delivery of ... Mehta, A. M.; Sonabend, A. M.; Bruce, J. N. (2017-03-15). "Convection-Enhanced Delivery". Neurotherapeutics. 14 (2): 358-371. ...
Convection (heat transfer)
Conjugate convective heat transfer Convection Forced convection Natural convection Mixed convection Heat transfer coefficient ... Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases. Note that this definition of convection is only ... "natural convection". An example is the draft in a chimney or around any fire. In natural convection, an increase in temperature ... mixed convection). Internal and external flow can also classify convection. Internal flow occurs when a fluid is enclosed by a ...
Double diffusive convection
... is a fluid dynamics phenomenon that describes a form of convection driven by two different density ... Video of Double-diffusive intrusions Layered Diffusive convection Salt-sugar double diffusive convection Double diffusive ... These include convection in the Earth's oceans (as mentioned above), in magma chambers, and in the sun (where heat and helium ... Convection in fluids is driven by density variations within them under the influence of gravity. These density variations may ...
Open ocean convection
1995), Arnold L. Gordon was the first to find the remnant of deep convection near the Maud Rise in 1977. This deep convection ... Ocean convection is distinguished by three phases: preconditioning, deep convection and lateral exchange and spreading. ... Jones, Helen; Marshall, John (1993). "Convection with Rotation in a Neutral Ocean: A Study of Open-Ocean Deep Convection". ... making it one of the most extreme ocean convection sites in the world. The deep convection in the Labrador Sea is significantly ...
Convection-diffusion equation
The convection-diffusion equation is a combination of the diffusion and convection (advection) equations, and describes ... For more details and algorithms see: Numerical solution of the convection-diffusion equation. The convection-diffusion equation ... The convection-diffusion equation can only rarely be solved with a pen and paper. More often, computers are used to numerically ... The convection-diffusion equation (with no sources or drains, R = 0) can be viewed as a stochastic differential equation, ...
Magnetospheric electric convection field
The electric convection field in the near Earth polar region can be simulated by eq.(2) with the exponent q = - 1/2. At the ... The electric convection field drives strong electric currents within the polar dynamo regions (e.g. DP1 and DP2) which can be ... the convection field-. Its general direction is from dawn to dusk. The co-rotating thermal plasma within the inner ... of the plasmapause decreasing with geomagnetic activity is simulated by the amplitude Φco The origin of the electric convection ...
Level of free convection
Atmospheric convection Atmospheric thermodynamics v t e (Atmospheric thermodynamics, Severe weather and convection, All stub ... The level of free convection (LFC) is the altitude in the atmosphere where an air parcel lifted adiabatically until saturation ... From the level of free convection to the point where the ascending parcel again becomes colder than its surroundings, the ... "Level of free convection (LFC)". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. April 25, 2012. Retrieved 2021-08-04 ...
Forced convection in porous media
Forced convection is type of heat transport in which fluid motion is generated by an external source like a (pump, fan, suction ... Forced convection heat transfer in a confined porous medium has been a subject of intensive studies during the last decades ... The basic problem in heat convection through porous media consists of predicting the heat transfer rate between a deferentially ...
Combined forced and natural convection
... combined forced convection and natural convection, or mixed convection, occurs when natural convection and forced convection ... Like for natural convection, the nature of a mixed convection flow is highly dependent on heat transfer (as buoyancy is one of ... Mixed convection problems are characterized by the Grashof number (for the natural convection) and the Reynolds number (for the ... The first case is when natural convection aids forced convection. This is seen when the buoyant motion is in the same direction ...
Upwind differencing scheme for convection
1 below). Defining variable F as convection mass flux and variable D as diffusion conductance F = ρ u A {\displaystyle F\,=\rho ... For other values of the Peclet number, the upwind scheme is used for convection-dominated flows with Peclet number (,Pe, > 2). ... It can be described by Steady convection-diffusion partial Differential Equation: ∂ ∂ t ( ρ ϕ ) + ∇ ⋅ ( ρ u ϕ ) = ∇ ⋅ ( Γ grad ... The upwind differencing scheme is a method used in numerical methods in computational fluid dynamics for convection-diffusion ...
Numerical solution of the convection-diffusion equation
Advanced Simulation Library Convection-diffusion equation Double diffusive convection An Album of Fluid Motion Lagrangian and ... a numerical solution for the convection-diffusion equation has to deal with the convection part of the governing equation in ... The following convection diffusion equation is considered here c ρ [ ∂ T ( x , t ) ∂ t + ϵ u ∂ T ( x , t ) ∂ x ] = λ ∂ 2 T ( x ... The unsteady convection-diffusion problem is considered, at first the known temperature T is expanded into a Taylor series with ...
Jefre Cantu-Ledesma
Convection. Radiation. CD 3-way split w/ The Wind-Up Bird and 1 Mile North (Music Fellowship) Travels In Constants (Vol. 18): ...
Karen E. Daniels
"Convection". www.ds.mpg.de. Retrieved 2019-03-02. "NSF Award Search: Award#1019151 - Workshop Support for "Particulate Matter: ...
Weather front
When the convection is strong and linear or curved, the MCS is called a squall line, with the feature placed at the leading ... "Convection". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 22 ... In the warm season, lee troughs, breezes, outflow boundaries and occlusions can lead to convection if enough moisture is ...
Brunt-Väisälä frequency
In this case, overturning or convection generally ensues. The Brunt-Väisälä frequency relates to internal gravity waves: it is ... Emmanuel, K.A. (1994). Atmospheric Convection. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1002/joc.3370150709. ISBN 0195066308. ... is a measure of the stability of a fluid to vertical displacements such as those caused by convection. More precisely it is the ...
Conditional symmetric instability
"Slantwise convection". COMET Courses. UCAR. Retrieved August 23, 2019. Interactive course that needs a login (CS1 French- ... "slantwise convection" if the air parcel is almost saturated and moved laterally and vertically in a CSI area. This concept is ... which entails no convection. Then in the animation, there is warming surface warming and the raised particle remains warmer ...
Lofoten Vortex
Wintertime convection. The Lofoten vortex is situated in the deepest parts of the topographic depression of the Lofoten Basin. ... The local currents inside the vortex and the strong convection observed during winter generate a hot spot rich in nutrients, ... This structure reveals that the deep Lofoten Basin is a major convection site in the Nordic Seas, specifically in winter: ... Meteorological events above the centre of the Lofoten Basin play a vital role in the development of deep wintertime convection ...
X-Acto
Through 2012, X-Acto sold ceramic and convection space heaters and fans under the Boston brand name. The use of the X-Acto ... "Ceramic Heaters , Heater with Fan , Convection Heater , X-ACTO". 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. ...
Mantle convection - Wikipedia
... which indicates vigorous convection. This value corresponds to whole mantle convection (i.e. convection extending from the ... Mantle convection in other celestial bodies[edit]. A similar process of slow convection probably occurs (or occurred) in the ... Mantle convection is the very slow creeping motion of Earths solid silicate mantle as convection currents carrying heat from ... A single shallow convection cycle takes on the order of 50 million years, though deeper convection can be closer to 200 million ...
Convection and MJO performance in UM7.1
... / Hongyan Zhu and Harry Hendon. Cover. Creator. Zhu, Hongyan Created/Published. [ ... 2010, Convection and MJO performance in UM7.1 Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, [Melbourne, Victoria] viewed ... Convection and MJO performance in UM7.1 [Melbourne, Victoria]: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2010. Web. ... title=Convection and MJO performance in UM7.1 , year=2010 , section=1 online resource (ii, 16 pages) : charts. , isbn= ...
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How to Bake Cookies With a Convection Oven | eHow
Though a convection oven works differently than a conventional oven, it requires only very minor adjustments to prepare a ... Baking cookies in convection ovens is one of those kitchen tasks that sounds more complicated than it is. ... A small countertop convection oven will also yield different results than a built-in convection oven. The bottom line is that ... If your oven uses convection heat or is a model that has both thermal and convection settings, then those familiar cookies are ...
Is an Electric water heater conduction or convection? - Answers
How are conduction and convection similar?. Conduction is the passing of heat by contact. Convection is the passing of heat by ... Is stir Fried Vegetables method convection or conduction?. In actual fact stir fry is both conduction & convection, this is ... What is more likely to occur in the water thermal energy transfer by conduction or convection?. Convection ... When water is heated on a stove the flame heats the pan which in turn heats the water Is that convection or conduction?. Both ...
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Buy Samsungs Convection Microwave Oven 45L (Silver) with Big Capacity. Clean easier with the Ceramic Enamel Cavity and Steam ... Six different modes - Microwave, Grill, Convection, Microwave + Grill, Microwave + Convection, and Grill + Convection - help ... Convection Microwave Oven with Big Capacity, 45L Convection Microwave Oven with Big Capacity, 45L ... Convection Microwave Oven with Big Capacity, 45L Convection Microwave Oven with Big Capacity, 45L ...
NanoFab Tool: Jeio Tech OF-12G Forced Convection Oven | NIST
The Jeio Tech OF-12G forced convection oven is used in the soft lithography processing to perform a dehydration bake prior to ... The Jeio Tech OF-12G forced convection oven is used in the soft lithography processing to perform a dehydration bake prior to ... https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/nanofab-tool-jeio-tech-12g-forced-convection-oven ...
What Causes Convection Currents in the Earth's Mantle?
The convection currents, as they carry heat upward with the magma, break apart the plates at areas referred to as divergent ... Convection currents in Earths mantle are caused by the rise of hot material rising towards the crust, becoming cooler and ... What Causes Convection Currents in the Earths Mantle?. By Staff WriterLast Updated March 24, 2020 ... The convection currents also help transfer heat from Earths core, where magma is created through radioactive decay, to the ...
What is a Convection Microwave? | Maytag
Explore the benefits of a convection microwave and decide whether its right for your home. ... How Does a Convection Microwave Oven Work?. A convection microwave has at least two modes - the first is a standard mode that ... What is a Convection Microwave,. and is it Right For Your Kitchen?. How can a convection microwave oven help you in the kitchen ... What is a Convection Microwave Oven?. A convection microwave combines some of the features of two kitchen appliances - a ...
LG Microwaves | MJ3966ABS 39L Convection Microwave Oven | LG Australia
LG NeoChef MJ3966ABS 39L Convection Microwave Oven with Tempered Glass door. LG Smart Inverter Microwave with a compact and ... Convection Oven Yes Interior Type Easy Clean Coating * Number of Power Levels (Microwave) 10 (1100W, 990W, 880W, 770W, 660W, ... Preheat LG NEO Convection Oven to 180°C. Combine all ingredients in a large bowl. Stir until well combined. Spread half the ...
A Multilevel Correction Method for Convection-Diffusion Eigenvalue Problems
We propose a multilevel correction method for the convection-diffusion eigenvalue problems which is suitable for not only ... Consider the convection-diffusion equation. where and .. The eigenvalues of (92) are. where . The corresponding adjoint ... Consider the convection-diffusion eigenvalue problems as follows:. where is a polyhedral bound domain. We denote the complex ... Consider the convection-diffusion equation (92) where . A reference value for the first eigenvalue of (92) is and the sixth ...
Best Countertop Microwave Convection Oven - Kitchen Appliance Deals | Flipboard
Convection Microwave Oven and Grill - Cuisinart.com
What Is a Convection Microwave Oven? | Whirlpool
Find out what a convection microwave is, how it works, what you can cook in it and how it can benefit you as a second oven in ... but only when the microwave is in convection mode. Convection microwaves from Whirlpool brand come with a convection cooking ... Convection microwaves typically come with a convection rack to place dishes on that allows air to circulate for even baking. ... What can you cook in a convection microwave?. Convection microwave cooking means you can use your microwave to:. *. Roast an ...
Microwave Convection Oven Reviews | ThriftyFun
Many microwaves also can use convection to cook foods more efficiently. This guide contains microwave convection reviews. ... Like if a cake calls for 350 degrees, in the convection oven you put it at 325 degrees. The things you use in the convection ... I have had for years a GE micro-convection oven. I love it. Just last year we remodeled our kitchen with all new appliances and ... I cant live without my Sharp microwave/convection oven. I use it more than my regular oven. My mom and sister have one, too. ...
Oster TSSTTVPZDS Turbo Convection Toaster Oven w/ Pizza Drawer, Stainless Steel | eBay
diy convection oven
Convection oven to self-style a convection oven recipes, convection oven is a… one of back... Convection option to dry things ... 1. Additional Convection Oven Tips . If you do use your convection oven … In case you have visitors, the convection oven can be ... See more ideas about Convection oven recipes, Oven recipes, Convection oven. I dont like doing pizza in my convection oven. I ... Most convection ovens will have the fan mounted at the back, so the air blows forward. Preheat the convection oven to the ...
Double convection oven
Miele convection speed ovens from MasterChef series Built-In Ovens Designed to cook and to cook fast, the new convection speed ... Built-in European convection double oven from FCI Built-In Ovens [KBIS 2006 Reviews] Looking for a true European convection ... iSlide convection oven from Siemens avantGarde line Built-In Ovens Siemens avantGarde iSlide convection oven, a recent winner ... GE Monogram professional convection wall ovens Built-In Ovens Achieve the look and performance of a professional convection ...
Thermal convection in laboratory-scale porous media - DRI
Thermal conduction, convection, and radiation (video) | Khan Academy
Convection occurs when hot air rises, allowing cooler air to come in and be heated. Thermal radiation happens when accelerated ... convection, and radiation. Conduction involves molecules transferring kinetic energy to one another through collisions. ... Were observing conduction, conduction, convection, convection, convection, and thermal radiation all at the same time. So Ill ... Now convection, this is around the idea that hot air is less dense. So if we have a bunch of air particles here, so lets say ...
DeLonghi Convection Toaster Oven with Broiler and Rotisserie RO-2058 Review
DeLonghis Convection Toaster Oven with Broiler and Rotisserie is full of bells and whistles ... DeLonghis Convection Toaster Oven with Broiler and Rotisserie is loaded with lots of bells and whistles. Besides the ... DeLonghi Convection Toaster Oven with Broiler and Rotisserie RO-2058 Review. .css-rdayf9{font-family:Neutra,Helvetica,Arial, ... DeLonghi Convection Toaster Oven with Broiler and Rotisserie RO-2058. .css-10p67xd{color:#323232;display:block;font-family: ...
What Is Convection Cooking?
Convection cooking uses a fan and exhaust system to blow hot oven air on the food and vent it back out. It ensures the even ... How Convection Ovens Work A good convection oven will have three heating elements: top, bottom, and rear, with a fan connected ... Whats the difference between a regular oven and a convection oven? In a convection oven, the fan and exhaust system blow hot ... In addition to cooking many foods in a more optimal way, convection ovens (or an oven with a convection setting) also save ...
Stellar convection simulations - Scholarpedia
Such convection patches can persist for thousands of days or, in deeper convection zones, can come and go in sporadic bursts of ... What is convection?. Convection is an instability occurring in a stratified fluid. It is a mechanism for transporting thermal ... Surface Convection. As in many turbulent flows, boundary layers can play an important role in stellar convection. The upper ... Freytag, B. 2006, Convection in giant stars, EAS, 21, 325 Gilman, P.A. 1975, Linear Simulations of Boussinesq Convection in a ...
PDF] Collective phase description of oscillatory convection. | Semantic Scholar
It enables us to describe the dynamics of the oscillatory convection by a single degree of freedom which we call the collective ... We derive the phase sensitivity function, which quantifies the phase response of the oscillatory convection to weak ... We formulate a theory for the collective phase description of oscillatory convection in Hele-Shaw cells. ... and the phase synchronization between two weakly coupled Hele-Shaw cells exhibiting oscillatories convection is analyzed on the ...
Convection cooking: 25dF less than conventional - Food52
My GE oven has a convection selection as well as a convection ROAST selection. Not sure when to use one or the other as well as ... Convection cooking: 25dF less than conventional My GE oven has a convection selection as well as a convection ROAST selection. ... I use the convection bake setting mostly for cookies because it ensures that the tops are done without the bottoms burning. ... I have the GE Monogram wall ovens, and I like to use the convection roast setting for roasting a whole chicken. It produces a ...
Convection 6-Slice Toaster Oven - 31512 | HamiltonBeach.com
Is the most heat lost by the means of conduction, convection or radiation?
Convection heating involves the mixing of fluids (liquids and gasses) of different temperatures. No convection, therefore, ... Is the most heat lost by the means of conduction, convection or radiation? Asked by: Shazia Answer. The three methods of heat ... and a tight lid minimizes cooling of the air above the liquids surface by convection. Answered by: Paul Walorski, B.A., Part- ...
OvensRoastConductionTrue European convectionBaking in a convection ovenForced Convection OvenEvenlyPreheatHeatStainless SteelSimulationsBuilt-in convectionMantle convectionMicrowave convectionThermalCookingCountertopTemperatureCookPorousMicrowavesDegreesToasterRadiationRacksHeaterSleekCurrentsVigorousRayleighCombined InfraredFryerSteam ovenHeating elementApplianceDouble ovenSystemTypeTime
Ovens33
- Unlike conventional ovens, which use heating elements to surround food with heat, convection ovens have fans that continuously circulate hot air around the food. (ehow.com)
- Cookies are one of the baked goods that are best suited for convection ovens. (ehow.com)
- At least when you're first experimenting with baking cookies in convection ovens, it's advisable to stay in the kitchen and check on them often. (ehow.com)
- One of the things about which to be conscious when baking cookies in convection ovens is that opening the oven door will let circulating hot air escape and will disturb the baking process. (ehow.com)
- Finally, keep in mind that not all convection ovens are created alike, and not all cookie recipes will turn out perfectly in this type of oven. (ehow.com)
- In ovens that have multiple settings, the convection feature sometimes doesn't work at maximum efficiency. (ehow.com)
- Convection microwave ovens heat up food like conventional microwaves, but have an extra heating element and fan so they can also bake, roast and crisp food like an oven. (whirlpool.com)
- You could look around at convection ovens to see which model has a shallow profile assembly and order the parts. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- RV Microwave/Convection ovens that have a grill function actually cut down on the time it takes to prepare meals including the grilling of meats, vegetables, and breads. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- This powerful 1800-watt convection oven is our overall pick … Are there fans available that can be put in ovens to self-style a convection oven? (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- Because convection ovens offer superior results when browning and crisping foods, most recipes designed for convection ovens do not call for baking dishes to be covered. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- Designed to cook and to cook fast, the new convection speed oven, Miele MasterChef H4080BM delivers ultimate flexibility by fusing two ovens into one. (appliancist.com)
- Many cooks swear by their convection ovens for just about everything they bake or roast. (thespruceeats.com)
- In addition to cooking many foods in a more optimal way, convection ovens (or an oven with a convection setting) also save energy, since you don't have to raise the oven temperature as high for the same results. (thespruceeats.com)
- I have the GE Monogram wall ovens, and I like to use the convection roast setting for roasting a whole chicken. (food52.com)
- ebm-papst products help prepare all kinds of dishes and baked goods in convection ovens. (ebmpapst.com)
- Convection ovens have grown in popularity over the years, but did you know this appliance is relatively new? (tastingtable.com)
- Gas and electric ovens did not come to the scene until the 19th century, but it was not until the 1960s that the convection oven emerged in the market. (tastingtable.com)
- If you are new to convection cooking, or even if you think you understand convection ovens, there are a number of tips and tricks to get the most out of this appliance. (tastingtable.com)
- With convection ovens, you also will set a temperature, but there are additional settings to consider. (tastingtable.com)
- Convection ovens may only have one fan setting, but some models will have two (via The Army Quartermaster Corps ). (tastingtable.com)
- One of the biggest mistakes people make when using a convection oven is not adapting recipe instructions to account for the differences between conventional and convection ovens. (tastingtable.com)
- One of the benefits of convection ovens is that the air circulation leads to more even cooking, but you have to be careful. (tastingtable.com)
- The air inside convection ovens generally gets hotter than in conventional ovens. (tastingtable.com)
- Convection ovens can lead to food browning too quickly. (tastingtable.com)
- Even after lowering the oven temperature, convection ovens will still cook faster than conventional ovens. (tastingtable.com)
- It is estimated that convection ovens can reduce your cook and bake times by up to 25% . (tastingtable.com)
- Benefits of Steam Cooking - Beyond bake or broil, combination Countertop Convection Toaster Steam Ovens open an entirely new world of culinary possibilities by combining the precision of convection with the health benefits of Steam. (wildriverreview.com)
- After the judicial liquidation of SA GUYON, I need ventilation motors with long shaft for rotary kilns and convection ovens for the after-sales service of my customers all over the world. (exportpages.com)
- Our most advanced and powerful convection system, Total Convection - in both ovens. (schaeferstv.com)
- Pharmaceutical, manufacturing and material science labs will often use gravity convection ovens for this application. (terrauniversal.com)
- Polyimide baking is another common process carried out in gravity convection ovens. (terrauniversal.com)
- In forensic labs, specially configured vacuum ovens are used to develop fingerprints, while biological labs use gravity convection ovens to remove microbiological contaminants in lab equipment, along with vacuum ovens in order to adhere substrates to the surface of filters. (terrauniversal.com)
Roast6
- If you're shopping for a new appliance, you may have noticed that some microwaves offer a convection option that allows you to bake, roast and more. (maytag.com)
- A convection microwave combines some of the features of two kitchen appliances - a microwave and a convection oven, allowing you to bake and roast foods in addition to heating them. (maytag.com)
- But in a convection microwave oven, an extra heating element and fan circulate hot air around the cavity, letting you bake and roast food with home-cooked results. (whirlpool.com)
- My GE oven has a convection selection as well as a convection ROAST selection. (food52.com)
- http://dinneratsheilas.com/post/1141419440/simple-roast-chicken-for-dinner-tonight-i-made-a I use the convection bake setting mostly for cookies because it ensures that the tops are done without the bottoms burning. (food52.com)
- That said, I was told by the cooking expert who does demos at our local Dacor showroom that convection roast -- at least for my Dacor range -- should only be used for very large roasts. (food52.com)
Conduction7
- The hot material added at spreading centers cools down by conduction and convection of heat as it moves away from the spreading centers. (wikipedia.org)
- Is an Electric water heater conduction or convection? (answers.com)
- And I could say thermal conduction, thermal convection, and thermal radiation, and the word thermal is just relating to things dealing with temperature. (khanacademy.org)
- Is the most heat lost by the means of conduction, convection or radiation? (physlink.com)
- A vacuum (Thermos) bottle is designed to minimized all three forms of heat transfer--a vacuum reduces conduction, mirrored sides minimize radiation, and a tight lid minimizes cooling of the air above the liquid's surface by convection. (physlink.com)
- Home insulation works mainly to block heat flow by conduction and convection . (wonderopolis.org)
- fant loses heat by evaporation, convection, The overall mortality rate in that study was radiation and conduction. (who.int)
True European convection2
- KBIS 2006 Reviews] Looking for a true European convection double oven? (appliancist.com)
- True European Convection allows for a superior cooking, roasting, and baking experience. (dixieelectronics.ca)
Baking in a convection oven2
- Baking in a convection oven is actually a really useful (and delicious) way to prepare cookies, in part because this baking method is great for getting food brown and crispy. (ehow.com)
- There's a simple rule of thumb that helps bakers translate their usual recipes for baking in a convection oven: Lower the temperature by 25 degrees and expect the food to cook a little quicker than it would in a typical oven. (ehow.com)
Forced Convection Oven2
Evenly9
- Start cooking fast and evenly with the BLACK+DECKER Convection Toaster Oven. (blackanddecker.com)
- The second is a convection mode that transforms your microwave into a convection oven , which uses a heating element and a fan to evenly distribute heat throughout the appliance. (maytag.com)
- Designed by Jasper Morrison, the BT 65 CD BSTL is quality-built and elegant stainless steel, double convection multifunctional oven with 40°C to 300°C temperature range offering two separate heating elements and two separate fans to distribute heat evenly and quickly for perfect results each and every time. (appliancist.com)
- But with convection cooking, an integrated fan circulates the hot air around and across the rolls, cooking them all evenly and all at the same time, and in less time than in a standard oven. (thespruceeats.com)
- Using a convection oven for granola helps it bake quickly and evenly. (cookiemadness.net)
- This oven also features two-zone convection technology that results in evenly-cooked pizza, the Bistro convection oven is a top-notch surrogate for a small home kitchen or for use in a restaurant. (convectionoven.biz)
- The wolfgang puck 198-368 toaster oven is a convection oven that uses technology to manage heat evenly, the oven grants a blue color and it is produced of stainless steel. (convectionoven.biz)
- Of halogen light convection technology that causes the oven to cook food faster and more evenly than a traditional oven, the etov-110 r also presents an automatic temperature control that keeps food at a consistent temperature no matter the humidity. (convectionoven.biz)
- An element located next to the convection fan ensures hot air is evenly circulated throughout the oven. (dixieelectronics.ca)
Preheat2
- Preheat the convection oven to the highest setting, typically 450 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- Preheat the convection oven to 275 degrees F. Line a heavy, large rimmed cookie sheet with parchment paper. (cookiemadness.net)
Heat18
- Mantle convection is the very slow creeping motion of Earth's solid silicate mantle as convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the planet's surface. (wikipedia.org)
- If your oven uses convection heat or is a model that has both thermal and convection settings, then those familiar cookies are well within reach. (ehow.com)
- The convection currents also help transfer heat from Earth's core, where magma is created through radioactive decay, to the mantle. (reference.com)
- The convection currents, as they carry heat upward with the magma, break apart the plates at areas referred to as divergent plate boundaries. (reference.com)
- A convection microwave has at least two modes - the first is a standard mode that uses microwaves to heat or cook food. (maytag.com)
- And so this convection, this idea of the hot air rising or the cold air falling, this is another form of heat transfer. (khanacademy.org)
- Central to this problem is the description of stellar turbulent convection and how it transports heat and energy, how it redistributes angular momentum to yield large scale flows such as differential rotation and meridional circulation, and how it generates, maintains and organizes magnetic fields (see below). (scholarpedia.org)
- Roasting at a high temp on this convection setting is somewhat similar to rotisserie cooking due to the fan that produces an even heat. (food52.com)
- We find that the convection redistributes the heat flux emitted from the outer surface, leading to an enhancement of the heat flux in the polar and equatorial regions. (arxiv.org)
- First engineered by the Malleable Iron Range Company, a convection oven uses a fan to circulate hot air to cook food, as opposed to a conventional oven that uses a heating source to heat the air inside the oven (via Chicago Tribune ). (tastingtable.com)
- Our advanced convection uses a 3rd heating element and a reversing fan to provide the highest level of heat and air circulation, ensuring you can prepare culinary creations with ease and perfection every time. (geappliances.ca)
- The global transport of heat and momentum in turbulent convection is constrained by thin thermal and viscous boundary layers at the heated and cooled boundaries of the system. (osti.gov)
- article{osti_1606457, title = {Classical 1/3 scaling of convection holds up to Ra = 10 15}, author = {Iyer, Kartik P. and Scheel, Janet D. and Schumacher, Jörg and Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.}, abstractNote = {The global transport of heat and momentum in turbulent convection is constrained by thin thermal and viscous boundary layers at the heated and cooled boundaries of the system. (osti.gov)
- Here we show, by direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection flows in a slender cylindrical cell of aspect ratio1/10, that the Nusselt number-the dimensionless measure of heat transport-follows the classical power law ofNu=(0.0525±0.006)×Ra0.331±0.002up toRa=1015. (osti.gov)
- The elite Bistro convection oven is an excellent alternative for individuals who admire the convenience of an air-tight oven that is again reaches high temperatures, this oven grants 17 ounces of heat and needs less space than other models, so it will fit most kitchens. (convectionoven.biz)
- This beautiful electric freestanding range produces flawless cooking results with Even-Heat™ True Convection. (zajicappliance.com)
- Convection is the method by which heat moves through liquids and gases. (wonderopolis.org)
- Affects heat transfer from the skin's surface either by radiation or convection. (cdc.gov)
Stainless Steel2
- Smart Electric Wall Oven and Microwave Combo with 120 Volt Advantium Technology in Stainless Steel $ 2,518 00 A "super convection" setting is helpful for faster, crispier results, but not required. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- Our AUG Electric Steam Convection Toaster and Roaster Oven also features LED control panel with easy touch, magnetic water filter, stainless steel interior and internal lighting. (wildriverreview.com)
Simulations4
- [11] [12] Although elements of this debate still continue, results from seismic tomography , numerical simulations of mantle convection and examination of Earth's gravitational field are all beginning to suggest the existence of 'whole' mantle convection, at least at the present time. (wikipedia.org)
- We present the first global 3D simulations of thermal convection in the oblate envelopes of rapidly-rotating solar-type stars. (arxiv.org)
- Entrainment and detrainment processes have been recognised for a long time as key processes for cumulus convection and have recently witnessed a regrowth of interest mainly due to the capability of large-eddy simulations (LES) to diagnose these processes in more detail. (knmi.nl)
- Finally in this research, three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out for the study of free convection in a layered porous enclosure heated from below and cooled from the top. (gla.ac.uk)
Built-in convection1
- A small countertop convection oven will also yield different results than a built-in convection oven. (ehow.com)
Mantle convection7
- Upwelling beneath the spreading centers is the rising component of mantle convection. (wikipedia.org)
- Subduction is the descending component of mantle convection. (wikipedia.org)
- [7] In 1993 it was suggested that inhomogeneities in D" layer have some impact on mantle convection. (wikipedia.org)
- Mantle convection causes tectonic plates to move around the Earth's surface. (wikipedia.org)
- Dashed curve: layered mantle convection. (wikipedia.org)
- Although it is now well accepted that subducting slabs cross the mantle transition zone and descend into the lower mantle, debate about the existence and continuity of plumes persists, with important implications for the style of mantle convection. (wikipedia.org)
- This value corresponds to whole mantle convection (i.e. convection extending from the Earth's surface to the border with the core ). (wikipedia.org)
Microwave convection5
- The big, 1.2 cubic foot Microwave Convection Oven and Grill looks like it belongs in a high-end commercial kitchen. (cuisinart.com)
- I am thinking about replacing it with a microwave convection oven, but have read mixed reviews. (thriftyfun.com)
- Does anyone have any experiences with the microwave convection combo? (thriftyfun.com)
- I can't live without my Sharp microwave/convection oven. (thriftyfun.com)
- I would like to replace my old microwave with a microwave convection oven, full size, if possible. (thriftyfun.com)
Thermal2
- Particularly interesting from a geo-and astrophysical point of view are convection flows at -very low Prandtl numbers, ie in fluids with low viscosity and particularly high thermal conductivity. (hzdr.de)
- A finite element parallel code to simulate problems in thermal convection in both 2D and 3D models.ASPECT is a code to simulate problems in thermal convection. (geodynamics.org)
Cooking14
- Does a convection microwave speed up cooking, and is it the right fit for your kitchen? (maytag.com)
- Because of this, a convection microwave lets you use cooking techniques that aren't available with traditional microwaves - think baking, roasting, broiling and the like. (maytag.com)
- Roasting, baking, cooking and crisping are all possible when you upgrade to a convection microwave. (whirlpool.com)
- A convection oven circulates the hot air throughout the oven, cooking all sides at more or less the same time. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- A convection oven would rather negate that, cooking the crust faster. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- Consumer Reports and Susan Reid of Sift magazine offer tips on cooking in a convection oven. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- This efficient, large capacity double convection oven from Samsung gives 65 litres of cooking space and features two independent compartments allowing you to cook several dishes simultaneously without mixing the flavors. (appliancist.com)
- What Is Convection Cooking? (thespruceeats.com)
- Generally, convection cooking takes three-fourths the time of standard cooking, and, as a rule of thumb, at 25 degrees lower. (thespruceeats.com)
- Avoid these mistakes, and you will be on your way to mastering the art of convection cooking (and baking). (tastingtable.com)
- This Chef's Convection Toaster Oven allows you to program the ideal settings for whatever you are cooking. (chefsresource.com)
- The standard setting can be turned on during any of the cooking functions at any time and comes with its own separate convection touch buttons. (chefsresource.com)
- Takes the guesswork out of convection cooking by ensuring exceptional results when experimenting with new recipes or familiar favorites. (vanvreedes.com)
- Takes guesswork out of convection cooking by ensuring you can get exceptional results when experimenting with new or familiar recipes. (zajicappliance.com)
Countertop1
- Make the most flavorful tofu of your life with a little help from your countertop convection oven. (lifehacker.com)
Temperature2
- The unique bow-tie design and convection fan ensure the inside of the oven is heated to, and stays at, the perfect temperature. (vanvreedes.com)
- Set oven to lowest temperature possible (175 to 200 °F). Use convection bake if available. (medlineplus.gov)
Cook7
- The BLACK+DECKER® convection toaster oven can cook a whole 9 inch pizza. (blackanddecker.com)
- This large, convection toaster oven has the ability to cook whole 9 inch pizzas with ease. (blackanddecker.com)
- Food will cook unevenly if the convection oven's hot fans can't reach all parts of it, so choose cookie sheets that are either entirely flat or that have a small lip. (ehow.com)
- Convection microwaves let you alternate between both modes to cook foods faster. (maytag.com)
- You can expect faster cook times on certain items as the convection element and microwave cook simultaneously, and convection microwaves come with racks that let you microwave multiple dishes at once. (whirlpool.com)
- What can you cook in a convection microwave? (whirlpool.com)
- This double convection oven can serve as 3-in-1 oven allowing you to cook in one large single space or use upper and lower levels separately. (appliancist.com)
Porous3
- The convection oven also comes with triple layer CoolTouch door and nonstick interior coated with a special ceramic enamel which makes surface scratch-resistant, non-porous, super hygienic and antibacterial. (appliancist.com)
- Numerical modeling of free convection in porous enclosures is investigated in order to determine the best approaches to solve the problem in two and three dimensions considering their accuracy and computing time. (gla.ac.uk)
- The mathematical problem of free convection in 2D homogeneous porous enclosures is solved following the well known stream function approach and also in terms of primitive variables. (gla.ac.uk)
Microwaves1
- Thanks to their versatility and small size, convection microwaves can be a good choice for small kitchens, apartments and RVs. (maytag.com)
Degrees3
- If the cookie recipe calls for 12 minutes of baking in a 375-degree oven, then 10 minutes at 350 degrees might be just right in the convection oven. (ehow.com)
- Like if a cake calls for 350 degrees, in the convection oven you put it at 325 degrees. (thriftyfun.com)
- The most common guidance is to reduce the oven by 25 degrees when using convection settings. (tastingtable.com)
Toaster2
- DeLonghi's Convection Toaster Oven with Broiler and Rotisserie is loaded with lots of bells and whistles. (goodhousekeeping.com)
- If so, check out our reviews of the Cuisinart TOA 60 Convection , our Breville BOV800XL Smart Toaster Oven review, our Rhoswill RHTO 13001 Toaster Oven review, our Toshiba AC25CEW BS Digital Toaster Oven review, or our Oster 6 Slice Toaster Oven review . (chefsresource.com)
Radiation1
- As radiation and convection from the skin increases, this value decreases. (cdc.gov)
Racks1
- The puck Bistro convection oven is a peerless surrogate assuming that searching for a top-of-the-line oven, this oven comes with high-quality trays and racks, and can be easily customized to your needs. (convectionoven.biz)
Heater2
- That tells me that the convection heating air is blown through that big heater by the fan and is then circulated about the inside of the oven. (neuropsychologycentral.com)
- The CNS-E is a modern surface-mounted convection heater with a sleek European slimline design. (stiebel-eltron-usa.com)
Sleek1
- This well-designed convection oven extends a sleek design and a w pizza baker design, it presents a small form factor, so it can be used in small kitchens and it presents a built-in pizza oven that makes it basic to get your pizza right to your guests. (convectionoven.biz)
Currents3
- What Causes Convection Currents in the Earth's Mantle? (reference.com)
- Convection currents in Earth's mantle are caused by the rise of hot material rising towards the crust, becoming cooler and sinking back down. (reference.com)
- The plates grow when the convection currents cause the spreads, but the spread forces the edges of the plates down into the subduction zones where it is melted once more and turned back into magma. (reference.com)
Vigorous2
- On Earth, the Rayleigh number for convection within Earth's mantle is estimated to be of order 10 7 , which indicates vigorous convection. (wikipedia.org)
- The vigorous high-latitude convection also establishes elongated axisymmetric circulation cells and zonal jets in the polar regions. (arxiv.org)
Rayleigh1
- High Rayleigh numbers allow multicellular convection to remain in a larger interval of angles. (gla.ac.uk)
Combined Infrared1
- Combined infrared/convection oven is suitable for a variety of applications, including drying and curing of paints, inks and adhesives on plastic, metal and fabric substrates. (process-heating.com)
Fryer1
- Amazon has the Breville Smart Oven Air Fryer with Dual Speed Convection (BOV860BSS) for a low $279.95 Free Shipping . (techbargains.com)
Steam oven1
- Designed specifically for use in the Wolf convection steam oven. (subzero-wolf.com)
Heating element2
- When buying a convection oven, look for that third heating element. (thespruceeats.com)
- True convection uses a powerful third heating element and a sturdy fan to circulate even temperatures for more consistent roasting and baking. (airportappliance.com)
Appliance1
- Learn about this versatile appliance and discover if a convection microwave is right for you. (maytag.com)
Double oven1
- After years of wishing for one, our new kitchen has a double oven with convection. (cookiemadness.net)
System2
- A convection oven also has an exhaust system that vents hot air, which pulls some of the moisture out of the oven and speeds up browning or crisping. (ehow.com)
- In a convection oven, the fan and exhaust system blow hot oven air on the food and vent it back out. (thespruceeats.com)
Type1
- The patterns are reminiscent of spoke-type convection discovered experimentally by Busse and Whitehead (1974). (deepdyve.com)
Time4
- While this simple prescription of convection has its merit to describe in one dimension the quasi static structure of stars over secular time, it lacks several important physical properties, such as a turbulent spatial and temporal energy distribution, velocity correlations, non locality etc… that are key to a modern understanding of the (magneto)-hydrodynamics of stars. (scholarpedia.org)
- The theory can be considered as a phase reduction method for limit-cycle solutions in infinite-dimensional dynamical systems, namely, stable time-periodic solutions to partial differential equations, representing the oscillatory convection. (semanticscholar.org)
- When baking with the convection setting you need to be attentive to the time as things tend to bake faster. (food52.com)
- So, how much time can you save by using a convection oven? (tastingtable.com)