Contractile proteins. Medical search

Proteins which participate in contractile processes. They include MUSCLE PROTEINS as well as those found in other cells and tissues. In the latter, these proteins participate in localized contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena.

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins.

Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Myosin type II isoforms found in cardiac muscle.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

Myosin type II isoforms found in skeletal muscle.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to TROPOMYOSIN. It is released from damaged or injured heart muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Defects in the gene encoding troponin T result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.

A protein factor that regulates the length of R-actin. It is chemically similar, but immunochemically distinguishable from actin.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

A nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction caused by TRAUMA to the PERICARDIUM, often following PERICARDIOTOMY. It is characterized by PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; high titers of anti-heart antibodies; low-grade FEVER; LETHARGY; loss of APPETITE; or ABDOMINAL PAIN.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

An order of highly pleomorphic, gram-negative bacteria including both pathogenic and saprophytic species.

Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Persistent flexure or contracture of a joint.

Myosin type II isoforms found in smooth muscle.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A genus of BIRDS in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES, containing the common European and other Old World QUAIL.

A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.

A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.

Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.

General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.

An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into a chemical response. It can occur in both cells specialized for sensing mechanical cues such as MECHANORECEPTORS, and in parenchymal cells whose primary function is not mechanosensory.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).

A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).

Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.

Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).

A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

Cation-transporting proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis for the transport of CALCIUM. They differ from CALCIUM CHANNELS which allow calcium to pass through a membrane without the use of energy.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART VENTRICLES.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Filament assembly from profilin-actin. (1/1105)

Profilin plays a major role in the assembly of actin filament at the barbed ends. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for barbed end assembly from profilin-actin have been measured turbidimetrically. Filament growth from profilin-actin requires MgATP to be bound to actin. No assembly is observed from profilin-CaATP-actin. The rate constant for association of profilin-actin to barbed ends is 30% lower than that of actin, and the critical concentration for F-actin assembly from profilin-actin units is 0.3 microM under physiological ionic conditions. Barbed ends grow from profilin-actin with an ADP-Pi cap. Profilin does not cap the barbed ends and is not detectably incorporated into filaments. The EDC-cross-linked profilin-actin complex (PAcov) both copolymerizes with F-actin and undergoes spontaneous self-assembly, following a nucleation-growth process characterized by a critical concentration of 0.2 microM under physiological conditions. The PAcov polymer is a helical filament that displays the same diffraction pattern as F-actin, with layer lines at 6 and 36 nm. The PAcov filaments bound phalloidin with the same kinetics as F-actin, bound myosin subfragment-1, and supported actin-activated ATPase of myosin subfragment-1, but they did not translocate in vitro along myosin-coated glass surfaces. These results are discussed in light of the current models of actin structure. (+info)

The small GTPase RalA targets filamin to induce filopodia. (2/1105)

The Ras-related small GTPases Rac, Rho, Cdc42, and RalA bind filamin, an actin filament-crosslinking protein that also links membrane and other intracellular proteins to actin. Of these GTPases only RalA binds filamin in a GTP-specific manner, and GTP-RalA elicits actin-rich filopods on surfaces of Swiss 3T3 cells and recruits filamin into the filopodial cytoskeleton. Either a dominant negative RalA construct or the RalA-binding domain of filamin 1 specifically block Cdc42-induced filopod formation, but a Cdc42 inhibitor does not impair RalA's effects, which, unlike Cdc42, are Rac independent. RalA does not generate filopodia in filamin-deficient human melanoma cells, whereas transfection of filamin 1 restores the functional response. RalA therefore is a downstream intermediate in Cdc42-mediated filopod production and uses filamin in this pathway. (+info)

Profilin and the Abl tyrosine kinase are required for motor axon outgrowth in the Drosophila embryo. (3/1105)

The ability of neuronal growth cones to be guided by extracellular cues requires intimate communication between signal transduction systems and the dynamic actin-based cytoskeleton at the leading edge. Profilin, a small, actin-binding protein, has been proposed to be a regulator of the cell motility machinery at leading edge membranes. However, its requirement in the developing nervous system has been unknown. Profilin associates with members of the Enabled family of proteins, suggesting that Profilin might link Abl function to the cytoskeleton. Here, genetic analysis in Drosophila is used to demonstrate that mutations in Profilin (chickadee) and Abl (abl) display an identical growth cone arrest phenotype for axons of intersegmental nerve b (ISNb). Moreover, the phenotype of a double mutant suggests that these components function together to control axonal outgrowth. (+info)

Mena is required for neurulation and commissure formation. (4/1105)

Mammalian enabled (Mena) is a member of a protein family thought to link signal transduction pathways to localized remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Mena binds directly to Profilin, an actin-binding protein that modulates actin polymerization. In primary neurons, Mena is concentrated at the tips of growth cone filopodia. Mena-deficient mice are viable; however, axons projecting from interhemispheric cortico-cortical neurons are misrouted in early neonates, and failed decussation of the corpus callosum as well as defects in the hippocampal commissure and the pontocerebellar pathway are evident in the adult. Mena-deficient mice that are heterozygous for a Profilin I deletion die in utero and display defects in neurulation, demonstrating an important functional role for Mena in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. (+info)

Cyclosporine-induced renal artery smooth muscle contraction is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of specific contractile regulatory proteins. (5/1105)

Cyclosporine A (CSA) is a type 2B phosphatase inhibitor which can induce contraction of renal artery smooth muscle. In this investigation, we examined the phosphorylation events associated with CSA-induced contraction of bovine renal artery smooth muscle. Contractile responses were determined in a muscle bath and the corresponding phosphorylation events were determined with whole cell phosphorylation and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. CSA-induced contractions were associated with increases in the phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chains (MLC20) and different isoforms of the small heat shock protein, HSP27. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation of CSA-induced contractions was associated with increases in the phosphorylation of another small heat shock protein, HSP20, and decreases in the phosphorylation of the MLC20, and some isoforms of HSP27. These data suggest that CSA-induced contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of specific contractile regulatory proteins. (+info)

Role of proteins of the Ena/VASP family in actin-based motility of Listeria monocytogenes. (6/1105)

Intracellular propulsion of Listeria monocytogenes is the best understood form of motility dependent on actin polymerization. We have used in vitro motility assays of Listeria in platelet and brain extracts to elucidate the function of the focal adhesion proteins of the Ena (Drosophila Enabled)/VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) family in actin-based motility. Immunodepletion of VASP from platelet extracts and of Evl (Ena/VASP-like protein) from brain extracts of Mena knockout (-/-) mice combined with add-back of recombinant (bacterial or eukaryotic) VASP and Evl show that VASP, Mena, and Evl play interchangeable roles and are required to transform actin polymerization into active movement and propulsive force. The EVH1 (Ena/VASP homology 1) domain of VASP is in slow association-dissociation equilibrium high-affinity binding to the zyxin-homologous, proline-rich region of ActA. VASP also interacts with F-actin via its COOH-terminal EVH2 domain. Hence VASP/ Ena/Evl link the bacterium to the actin tail, which is required for movement. The affinity of VASP for F-actin is controlled by phosphorylation of serine 157 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Phospho-VASP binds with high affinity (0.5 x 10(8) M-1); dephospho-VASP binds 40-fold less tightly. We propose a molecular ratchet model for insertional polymerization of actin, within which frequent attachment-detachment of VASP to F-actin allows its sliding along the growing filament. (+info)

The quaternary structure of the sheaths of defective phages similar to PBS X. (7/1105)

The contractile sheaths of five defective, PBS X-like bacteriophages from Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis were investigated by electron microscopy, dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Electron microscope images of the extended and contracted sheaths were of similar appearance, although their lengths were different. The surface lattices of both the extended and the contracted sheaths were determined by optical diffraction. This showed that the quaternary structure of the sheaths of all five defective phages originated from identical surface lattices, which could be approximately expressed by the selection rules L = -2n' + 3m and L = 9N' + 17M for the extended and contracted sheaths respectively, in which 6n' = n with n = 0 or an integer multiple of 6. These results indicated that the packing of the protein subunits in these sheaths differed from those of other bacteriophages, for example T4 and millimicron [Amos and Klug, J. Mol. Biol. 99, 51--73 (1975); Admiraal and Mellema, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 56, 48--64 (1976)]. The molecular weight of the main sheath protein of the defective phages, as determined by dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis, was approximately 50000. This value differed from that for T4, but was similar to that of millimicron [Admiraal and Mellema, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 56, 48--64 (1976); King and Laemmli, J. Mol. Biol, 75, 315--337 (1973)]. The results of immunodiffusion experiments, however, pointed to a chemical difference between the sheath proteins of the defective phages and millimicron, in addition to T4. (+info)

Identification of a suppressor of the Dictyostelium profilin-minus phenotype as a CD36/LIMP-II homologue. (8/1105)

Profilin is an ubiquitous G-actin binding protein in eukaryotic cells. Lack of both profilin isoforms in Dictyostelium discoideum resulted in impaired cytokinesis and an arrest in development. A restriction enzyme-mediated integration approach was applied to profilin-minus cells to identify suppressor mutants for the developmental phenotype. A mutant with wild-type-like development and restored cytokinesis was isolated. The gene affected was found to code for an integral membrane glycoprotein of a predicted size of 88 kD containing two transmembrane domains, one at the NH2 terminus and the other at the COOH terminus. It is homologous to mammalian CD36/LIMP-II and represents the first member of this family in D. discoideum, therefore the name DdLIMP is proposed. Targeted disruption of the lmpA gene in the profilin-minus background also rescued the mutant phenotype. Immunofluorescence revealed a localization in vesicles and ringlike structures on the cell surface. Partially purified DdLIMP bound specifically to PIP2 in sedimentation and gel filtration assays. A direct interaction between DdLIMP and profilin could not be detected, and it is unclear how far upstream in a regulatory cascade DdLIMP might be positioned. However, the PIP2 binding of DdLIMP points towards a function via the phosphatidylinositol pathway, a major regulator of profilin. (+info)

Contractile proteins and the mechanism of phagocytosis. In: Perry SV, Margreth A, Adelstein RS, eds. Contractile Systems in Non ... Phagocytosis and the contractile proteins of pulmonary macrophages. In: Goldman R, Pollard T, Rosenbaum J, eds. Cell Motility. ... Contractile proteins in cell structure and function. Ann Rev Med. 1978; 29:427-57. 28. Stossel TP. Principles of infection. In ... Contractile protein and the mechanism of phagocytosis in macrophages. In: van Furth R, ed. Mononuclear Phagocytes. The Hague: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel

"Entrez Gene: ACTA1 actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle". Bandman E (December 1992). "Contractile protein isoforms in muscle ... Actin, alpha skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA1 gene. Actin alpha 1 which is expressed in ... Bretscher A, Weber K (July 1980). "Villin is a major protein of the microvillus cytoskeleton which binds both G and F actin in ... SRF may bring a number of other proteins to the promoter of skeletal actin, such as androgen receptor, and thereby contribute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin,_alpha_skeletal_muscle

Seene T (July 1994). "Turnover of skeletal muscle contractile proteins in glucocorticoid myopathy". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. ... but instead characteristic microscopic changes are seen in association with reduced contractile ability of the muscles. ... myopathy Glucocorticoid myopathy is caused by this class of steroids increasing the breakdown of the muscle proteins leading to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopathy

... in part via increases in protein import. He along with co-workers also discovered that contractile activity (i.e. exercise) ... "Contractile activity-induced adaptations in the mitochondrial protein import system". American Journal of Physiology. Cell ... compared to fission regulatory proteins, and is accompanied by accelerated protein import into a growing mitochondrial ... Joseph, Anna-Maria; Rungi, Arne A.; Robinson, Brian H.; Hood, David A. (2004). "Compensatory responses of protein import and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Hood

"Is troponin the Ca++-receptive protein in the contractile system?". Life Sciences. 9 (21, pt 2): 1225-1233. doi:10.1016/0024- ... "Fish Proteins". Advances in Protein Chemistry. 10: 227-288. doi:10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60106-0. ISBN 9780120342105. PMID ... The First European Symposium took place in 1989 and covered calcium binding proteins in normal and transformed cells. The ... Contribution to the study of low molecular weight proteins in myogens of lower vertebrates]. Archives of Physiology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Calcium_Society

"Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes". American Journal of Human ... "Protein sequence of human TPM2 (Uniprot ID: P07951)". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Retrieved 1 July ... "Protein sequence of human TPM2 (Uniprot ID: P07951-2)". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Retrieved 1 ... "Protein sequence of human TPM2 (Uniprot ID: P07951-3)". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Retrieved 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPM2

CapZ appears to regulate intracellular signaling of contractile proteins in cardiac muscle. It has been demonstrated that the ... F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 also known as CapZ-alpha2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPZA2 gene. ... "Entrez Gene: CAPZA2 capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 2". "Protein sequence of human CAPZA2 (Uniprot ID: ... Ivanenkov VV, Dimlich RV, Jamieson GA (Apr 1996). "Interaction of S100a0 protein with the actin capping protein, CapZ: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPZA2

"Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes". American Journal of Human ... "Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes". American Journal of Human ... Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNI2 gene. The TNNI2 gene is located at 11p15.5 ... Moir AJ, Ordidge M, Grand RJ, Trayer IP, Perry SV (Feb 1983). "Studies of the interaction of troponin I with proteins of the I- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNNI2

2003). "Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes". Am. J. Hum. Genet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman–Sheldon_syndrome

The key components of this ring are the filamentous protein actin and the motor protein myosin II. The contractile ring ... The force for the contractile processes is generated by movements along actin by the motor protein myosin II. Myosin II uses ... Additionally, anillin generates contractile forces by rectifying thermal fluctuations. Another protein, septin, has also been ... Besides actin and myosin II, the contractile ring contains the scaffolding protein anillin. Anillin binds to actin, myosin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinesis

The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic ... The protein complex composed of actin and myosin, contractile proteins, is sometimes referred to as actomyosin. In striated ... It may be that exercise-induced myofilament alterations involve more than the contractile proteins actin & myosin. While the ... The contractile nature of this protein complex is based on the structure of the thick and thin filaments. The thick filament, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofilament

Mutant proteins can disturb cardiac function in the contractile apparatus (or mechanosensitive complexes). Cardiomyocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy

Field CM, Alberts BM (October 1995). "Anillin, a contractile ring protein that cycles from the nucleus to the cell cortex". The ... Both anillin and F-actin are found in contractile structures. They are recruited independently to the contractile ring, but F- ... a key regulator of contractile ring formation. The name of the protein anillin originates from a Spanish word, anillo. Anillo ... This contractile behavior is independent of myosin and ATP and may couple with actin filament disassembly. Amino acids 258-340 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANLN

Clarke M, Spudich JA (1977). "Nonmuscle contractile proteins: the role of actin and myosin in cell motility and shape ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Spudich

This gene encodes a structural protein that is found exclusively in contractile smooth muscle cells. It associates with stress ... 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode: ... van der Loop FT, Schaart G, Timmer ED, Ramaekers FC, van Eys GJ (Sep 1996). "Smoothelin, a novel cytoskeletal protein specific ... Smoothelin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMTN gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTN

"Effects of the calcium antagonists perhexiline and cinnarizine on vascular and cardiac contractile protein function". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnarizine

The highly regulated organization of actin and myosin microfilaments in contractile proteins results in this appearance. With ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyoblast

Westfall MV, Borton AR (Sep 2003). "Role of troponin I phosphorylation in protein kinase C-mediated enhanced contractile ... "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome ... Troponin I, slow skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNI1 gene. It is a tissue-specific subtype of ... As homologous proteins, ssTnI, fast skeletal muscle TnI and cardiac TnI have highly conserved structures and crystallographic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNNI1

Cytokinesis is mediated by the contractile ring made up of polymers of actin protein called microfilaments. Karyokinesis and ... The mitotic apparatus is made up of a central spindle and polar asters made up of polymers of tubulin protein called ... The rapid cell cycles are facilitated by maintaining high levels of proteins that control cell cycle progression such as the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)

It is a major contractile protein, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. Alternative ... Myosin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH11 gene. Myosin-11 is a smooth muscle myosin belonging to the myosin ... Myosin-11 is a subunit of a hexameric protein that consists of two heavy chain subunits and two pairs of non-identical light ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 5 (6): 355-64. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin-11

... contains special contractile proteins called actin and myosin which contract and relax to cause movement. Among ... Type II, fast-twitch muscle, has three major kinds that are, in order of increasing contractile speed: Type IIa, which, like a ... Skeletal striated muscle tissue is arranged in regular, parallel bundles of myofibrils containing the many contractile units ... Cardiac muscle tissue is striated like skeletal muscle, containing contractile units called sarcomeres in highly regular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tissue

The expression of a diverse range of intermediate filament proteins enables the PaSC to harbour contractile abilities. Cellular ... PaSCs express the intermediate filament proteins desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. ... Protein kinases such as MAPKs are primary mediators of activating signals initiated by the growth factors, angiotensin II and ... The up regulation of matri-cellular proteins such as galectin-1, and tenascin-C is present in the stromal tissues of pancreatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_stellate_cell

This increase in calcium activates calcium-sensitive contractile proteins that then use ATP to cause cell shortening. The ... Another protein, receptor accessory protein 5 (REEP5), functions to keep the normal morphology of junctional SR. Defects of ... contractile) or inhibitory (relaxing). There are two types of cardiac muscle cells: autorhythmic and contractile. Autorhythmic ... even though they contain the thin filament protein tropomyosin and other notable proteins - caldesmon and calponin. Thus, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction

Each cell contains myofibrils, specialized protein contractile fibers of actin and myosin that slide past each other. These are ... The pacemaker cells are only weakly contractile without sarcomeres, and are connected to neighboring contractile cells via gap ... During contraction of a cardiac muscle cell, the long protein myofilaments oriented along the length of the cell slide over ... In a mechanism known as cross-bridge cycling, calcium ions bind to the protein troponin, which along with tropomyosin then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle

Myosin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH3 gene. Myosin is a major contractile protein which converts chemical ... This gene is a member of the MYH family and encodes a protein with an IQ domain and a myosin head-like domain. Mutations in ... Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. ... Hundley AF, Yuan L, Visco AG (May 2006). "Skeletal muscle heavy-chain polypeptide 3 and myosin binding protein H in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH3

Myosin is a major contractile protein that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. Class ... Myosin-1, also known as 'striated muscle myosin heavy chain 1', is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH1 gene. This ... gene is most highly expressed in fast type IIX/D muscle fibres of vertebrates and encodes a protein found uniquely in striated ... II Myosins are hexameric proteins composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH1

The second is that extrusion is an active process involving contractile proteins and is calcium-dependent (Uspenskaya, 1982). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_capsule

... growth of adult cardiac cells is commonly characterized by hypertrophy and an increased content of contractile proteins. ... The protein also has the putative ability to protect the brain from damage induced by stroke. Those with a genetic variant of ... The cMLCK protein is an important regulator of sarcomere assembly through activation of the myosin regulatory light chain, as ... NRG1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the EGFR family of receptors. Neuregulin 1 is produced in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuregulin_1

... a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of contractile proteins". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 90 (3-4): 248-52. doi: ... Human ALC-2 protein has a molecular weight of 19.4 kDa and is composed of 175 amino acids. ALC-2 is an EF hand protein that ... Atrial Light Chain-2 (ALC-2) also known as Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) is a protein that in humans ... "Protein sequence alignment for human cardiac atrial and ventricular regulatory light chains". Uniprot Knowledgebase. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYL7

While there, he continued the synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes and did fluorescence-based studies of contractile proteins. ... a physical effect that permits measurement of distances in the range of the size of proteins. Two classic papers resulted from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Haugland

The production of urea and steady-state protein proves the viability of this device for use in high-throughput toxicity studies ... This chip determines that the alignment of the myocytes in the contractile apparatus made of cardiac tissue and the gene ... Although PDMS is cheap, malleable, and transparent, proteins and small molecules can be absorbed by it and later leech at ... I. Molecular definition in intercalated disks of cardiomyocytes by immunoelectron microscopy of desmosomal proteins". European ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

Receptor vezan za G-protein. Lokacija. Funkcija. Izvori Histamin H1 receptor • CNS: Ekspresija na dendritima izlaznih neurona ... lamina propria and detrusor contractile activity via H1 and H2 receptors". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 3899. doi:10.1038/s41598- ... Kod ljudi histamin djeluje ponajprije vezanjem na G-protein vezani histaminski receptor, označen kao H1 preko H4. Od 2015., ...

https://bs.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamin

MHC-β is a 223 kDa protein composed of 1935 amino acids. MHC-β is a hexameric, asymmetric motor forming the bulk of the thick ... MHC-α and MHC-β display significantly different enzymatic properties, with α having 150-300% the contractile velocity and 60-70 ... Harris SP, Lyons RG, Bezold KL (March 2011). "In the thick of it: HCM-causing mutations in myosin binding proteins of the thick ... MHC-β is the major protein comprising the thick filament in cardiac muscle and plays a major role in cardiac muscle contraction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH7

IF proteins are cytoskeletal proteins that confer resistance to mechanical stress and are encoded by a dispersed multigene ... Synemin contributes to linkage between costameres and the contractile apparatus in skeletal muscle of synemin null animals. ... the low degree of conservation between these two proteins compared to other cloned IF proteins suggested that synemin was not ... This protein has been found to form a linkage between desmin, which is a subunit of the IF network, and the extracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synemin

Most ciliates also have one or more prominent contractile vacuoles, which collect water and expel it from the cell to maintain ... Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2018-01-01). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein ... which varies from flexible and contractile to rigid. Numerous mitochondria and extrusomes are also generally present. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate

MAP-1 proteins consists of a set of three different proteins: A, B and C. The C protein plays an important role in the ... It has been found that microtubules act as "struts" that counteract the contractile forces that are needed for trailing edge ... including the motor proteins dynein and kinesin, microtubule-severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for ... Plus end tracking proteins are MAP proteins which bind to the tips of growing microtubules and play an important role in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule

... the fraction that is composed of the contractile machinery of structural proteins) protein content of the targeted muscles. In ... protein. MHC is the most abundant protein expressed in striated muscle; and this structural / regulatory protein serves as the ... As a result of the reduction in net capacity for protein synthesis and the augmentation of protein degradation, a net loss of ... protein was significantly increased, with an apparent decrease in the amount of Type I MHC protein expressed; and that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiological_effects_in_space

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of microgravity and contractile protein expression in antigravity and ... and to correlate the biomechanical properties of these tissues to the type and quality of structural proteins. The institutions ... and to study the biochemistry of muscle protein breakdown. The institutions participating in this experiment were San Jose ... The objective of this experiment was to determine the abundance and distribution of mineral components and protein (osteocalcin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_2044

"TATA-binding protein recognition and bending of a consensus promoter are protein species dependent". Biochemistry. 47 (27): ... The TATA box is also found in 40% of the core promoters of genes that code for the actin cytoskeleton and contractile apparatus ... TATA-binding protein (TBP) can be recruited in two ways, by SAGA, a cofactor for RNA polymerase II, or by TFIID. When promoters ... The archaea protein exhibits a greater symmetry in its primary sequence and in the distribution of electrostatic charge, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TATA_box

Most of the eicosanoid receptors are integral membrane protein G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind and respond to ... Relaxant prostanoid receptors (IP, DP1, EP2, and EP4) raise cellular cAMP levels; contractile prostanoid receptors (TP, FP, and ... Marucci G, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Santinelli C, Spinaci A, Thomas A, Volpini R, Buccioni M (2016). "The G Protein-Coupled ... Kanaoka Y, Maekawa A, Austen KF (2013). "Identification of GPR99 protein as a potential third cysteinyl leukotriene receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosanoid_receptor

The muscle has "tension producing tissue comprising small contractile units referred to as sarcomeres" that each contain a " ... "thick (myosin) and thin (actin) myofilament (muscle filaments or proteins) that overlaps to format a cross-bridge bond ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentric_training

... which respectively encode the canalicular transport proteins BSEP and multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3). MDR3 is ... Bile canaliculi dynamics refers to the contractile motion of bile canaliculi (ducts) required for bile flow. Cholestasis can ... The three genes thought to be involved include APT8B1, which encodes for the FIC1 protein. The ABCB11 gene encodes for the bile ... Due to the retention of bile, which contains copper, stains made for staining copper-associated protein can be used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

Instead, it has a pellicle made up of a protein layer supported by a substructure of microtubules, arranged in strips spiraling ... Müller also provided a series of illustrations, accurately depicting the undulating, contractile movements (metaboly) of ... Evolutionary conservation of core proteins and structural predictions for methylation-guide box C/D snoRNPs throughout the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglena

In the absence of ampullae, water pressure is maintained by the ring canal, which is surrounded by contractile muscle fibres.: ... the fluid also contains some protein and high levels of potassium salts.: 933-939 Ophiuroids, the group including brittle stars ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vascular_system

BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 are also known to alter the expression of several contractile proteins and mitochondrial proteins in ... protein family. They differentiated BHLHE41/SHARP1 and BHLHE40/SHARP2 from other BHLH-protein encoding genes since they are not ... BHLHE41 protein also has alanine and glycine-rich regions in the C-terminal, and lacks the WRPW motif for interaction with the ... BHLHE41 is a member of the DEC subfamily within the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins gene family. BHLHE41 was mapped to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BHLHE41

An example includes nuclear transformations that led to the production HBsAg protein. This protein has significant ... Instead of contractile vacuoles, marine species of Dunaliella replace the organelle's usual spot in most other Chlorophyceae ... Pigment-Protein Complexes Might Function by Stabilizing the Membrane Structure". In Sybesma C (ed.). Function of Chlorophylls ... however it can be distinguished through its lack of cell wall and contractile vacuoles. Instead of a rigid cell wall, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaliella

Only one percent of the heart muscle cells are conductive, the rest of the cardiomyocytes are contractile. The pacemaker cells ... of potassium ions through ion channel proteins in the membrane that surrounds the cells. However, in pacemaker cells, this ... Having cardiomyocytes connected via gap junctions allow all contractile cells of the heart to act in a coordinated fashion and ... For this reason, the pacemaker action potential rising phase slope is more gradual than that of the contractile cell (image 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_pacemaker

The tail is non-contractile and has a collar with twelve appendages. The diameter is around 55 nm, with a length of 27 nm. ... They range between 16k and 17k nucleotides, with 20 to 21 proteins. Complete genomes, as well as additional "unclassified" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenblumvirus

... which are the same proteins involved with muscle contraction. During cellular cleavage, the contractile ring tightens around ... Other cytoskeletal proteins and actin binding proteins are involved in the procedure. Plant cells do not perform cytokinesis ... The same proteins responsible for muscle contraction, actin and myosin, begin the process of forming the cleavage furrow, ... Animal cells form an actin-myosin contractile ring within the equatorial region of the cell membrane that constricts to form ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_furrow

Further observation of the myofibrils, and the crude preparations of the extracted contractile protein actins and myosins taken ... In 1984 he gave the Croonian Lecture on Calcium and the regulation of contractile activity. After spending his postdoctoral ... and from that he was able to characterize their protein components. ... from them, showed that they required trace levels of calcium for contractile activity. Perry then used the calcium chelator ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Victor_Perry

Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 1208 (2): 238-46. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(94)90109-0. PMID 7947954. "Gale - Product ... increasing the pool of phosphocreatine available for contractile power before it is depleted and other energy systems must be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatine_phosphate_shuttle

The tail is around 140 nm long displaying a criss-cross pattern, has a small baseplate, and is contractile. Genomes are linear ... The genome codes for 90 to 130 proteins. Some species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between ... 64k and 73k nucleotides, with 88 to 127 proteins. The complete genomes are available from here. Viral replication is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pbunavirus

Portal: Biology (Protein pages needing a picture, G proteins, Protein complexes). ... Other tests showed an improvement in cardiac cell contractile function by inhibiting Gβγ. When particular GPCRs are activated ... "Evidence that a protein-protein interaction 'hot spot' on heterotrimeric G protein betagamma subunits is used for recognition ... "Mechanism of assembly of G protein betagamma subunits by protein kinase CK2-phosphorylated phosducin-like protein and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex

Cardiac alpha actin is a 42.0 kDa protein composed of 377 amino acids. Cardiac alpha actin is a filamentous protein extending ... the alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Cardiac (ACTC1) and ... ". "Protein Information - Basic Information: Protein COPaKB ID: P68032". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase. ... Shuster CB, Lin AY, Nayak R, Herman IM (1997). "Beta cap73: a novel beta actin-specific binding protein". Cell Motility and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTC1

ECM is a mixture of cells (immune, fibroblasts, etc.) dispersed in proteins, most of them collagen. It surrounds the tumor. It ... The equilibrium, in the CSK of each cell, is between contractile microfilaments and microtubules resistant to compression; it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_oncology

Contractile effects of the uterus are apparent within two minutes and can be observed for approximately one hour, though ... Oxytocin receptors are G protein-coupled and their mechanism of action involves second messengers and the production of ... of carbetocin or another oxytocin analog during or immediately following birth will have increased uterotonic and contractile ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbetocin

2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi: ... "Diphosphorylated MRLC is required for organization of stress fibers in interphase cells and the contractile ring in dividing ... Myosin regulatory light chain 12A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL12A gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRCL3

The incorporation of newly synthesized protein into myofibrils has been examined in a cell-free system. Myofibrils were added ... Posttranslational incorporation of contractile proteins into myofibrils in a cell-free system. M Bouché, M Bouché ... M Bouché, S M Goldfine, D A Fischman; Posttranslational incorporation of contractile proteins into myofibrils in a cell-free ... These proteins were all identified as sarcomeric components and had subunit mobilities (Mr) of 200, 140, 95, 86, 43, 38, 35, 25 ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/107/2/587/28557/Posttranslational-incorporation-of-contractile

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https://www.doubtnut.com/question-answer-biology/structure-of-contractile-proteins-11587582

Effects of cytochalasin B on uptake and release of putative transmitters by synaptosomes and on brain actomyosin-like protein. ... vinblastine and colchicine on uptake and release of putative transmitters by synaptosomes and on brain actomyosin-like protein. ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35116440

IND-11P: Contractile Proteins from Cow Heart quantity. Add to cart. SKU: IND-11P Categories: Courses & Experiments for Human & ... They then determine the molecular weights of major contractile proteins by comparing their migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gels ... Students also identify and determine the molecular weight of the major proteins found in milk. This exercise requires 1 three- ... Includes cow heart, milk, standard proteins, sample buffer, and instructions. Requires four 12 well gels for 8 groups of ...

https://modernbio.com/product/ind-11p/

The MYBPC3 gene provides instructions for making cardiac myosin binding protein C (cardiac MyBP-C), which is found in heart ( ... How do mutations in contractile proteins cause the primary familial cardiomyopathies? J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2011 Jun;4(3): ... The MYBPC3 gene provides instructions for making cardiac myosin binding protein C (cardiac MyBP-C), which is found in heart ( ... Kulikovskaya I, McClellan GB, Levine R, Winegrad S. Multiple forms of cardiac myosin-binding protein C exist and can regulate ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/mybpc3/

Classification: CONTRACTILE PROTEIN. *Organism(s): Mus musculus. *Mutation(s): No *Deposited: 2004-12-01 Released: 2005-01-18 ... which showed the protein as a monomer, our results indicate clearly that robl1 exists as a symmetric homodimer. The two beta3- ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1y4o

Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Mar. ... Overall, this protein makes up 10%-20% of all muscle protein. [13] The actin monomer, G-actin (has binding site for myosin) ... NEM6 is due to an autosomal mutation in Kelch repeat and BTB/POZ domains-containing protein 13 (KBTBD13). [22] KBTBD13 protein ... BIN1 protein binds to DNM2 protein and mutations in BIN1 may disrupt this binding or binding to T-tubules. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1175852-190493/what-causes-centronuclear-myopathy-4-cnm4

Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Mar. ... X-linked dominant scapuloperoneal myopathy is due to a mutation in the gene encoding four-and-a-half-LIM protein 1. Am J Hum ... Proteomic identification of FHL1 as the protein mutated in human reducing body myopathy. J Clin Invest. 2008 Mar. 118(3):904-12 ... Four and a half LIM protein 1 gene mutations cause four distinct human myopathies: a comprehensive review of the clinical, ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1175852-differential

Alterations in contractile protein composition and function in human atrial dilatation and atrial fibrillation. ... Myofilament protein gene mutation screening and outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ...

https://www.ajconline.org/article/S0002-9149

Contractile proteins in pericytes at the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. J. Neurocytol. 30, 35-44 (2001). ... Lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 mediates amyloid-ß-mediated cell death of cerebrovascular cells. Am. J. Pathol. 171, ... Zlokovic, B. V., Deane, R., Sagare, A. P., Bell, R. D. & Winkler, E. A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1: a ... Fernández-Klett, F., Offenhauser, N., Dirnagl, U., Priller, J. & Lindauer, U. Pericytes in capillaries are contractile in vivo ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2017.48?error=cookies_not_supported&code=efb35195-b79d-42eb-b707-d4f0b410ce86

Also discussed were contractile proteins, calcium metabolism, adrenergic and cholinergic regulation, and gap junctions. ... or phosphorylation of critical proteins. Such singular events can result in a cascade of effects that result in a seriously ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=heart+or+cardiac+or+cardiovascular+or+cardiopulmonary+or+cerebrovascular+or+fatality&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=heart+or+cardiac+or+cardiovascular+or+cardiopulmonary+or+cerebrovascular+&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&whichdate=DP&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=205&RecNo=2048&View=f&

It may also be active by controlling the interaction of contractile proteins. ...

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=Hearing%2A&f1=%2A&s2=&PageNo=202&RecNo=2019&View=f&

... and voltage sensitive proteins. They are composed of four transmembrane (TM) segments (S1 to S4). Currents leaking through VSDs ... and voltage sensitive proteins. They are composed of four transmembrane (TM) segments (S1-S4). Currents leaking through VSDs ... The contractile proteins, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and connexins are in gray, purple, and blue, respectively. The appearance ... These proteins do not require the assembly of four domains to create a functional unit. To date, only the Hv1 and TPTE proteins ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2014.00053/full

Our studies provide a structural basis for understanding diseases that result from mutations in contractile proteins. ... Cryo-EM Studies Elucidate Motor Protein Function. Movement is a defining feature of life. Our goal is to understand how muscles ... We use cryo-EM (together with other EM and X-ray diffraction techniques) to determine the structures of the protein molecules ... We use cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis to study the structure of the motor proteins and filaments that underlie ...

https://www.umassmed.edu/padron-craig/

... s found in animal fluids are enzymes, antibodies, and fibrous and contractile proteins usually contained in the ... Globulins are an important source of protein in seed plants and are found in minute amounts in cereals. ... one of the major classifications of proteins, which may be further divided into the euglobulins and the pseudoglobulins. The ... Globulins found in animal fluids are enzymes, antibodies, and fibrous and contractile proteins usually contained in the blood ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/globulin

The effect of periodic stretching of the smooth-muscle cells on the expression in them of contractile-phenotype marker proteins ... Smooth muscle myosin filament assembly under control of a kinase-related protein (KRP) and caldesmon. Kudryashov DS, Vorotnikov ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Stepanova+OV&cauthor_id=1811886

Akata T, Boyle III WA ( 1995) Volatile anesthetic actions on contractile proteins in membrane-permeabilized small mesenteric ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/29/9508

Composition and turnover of contractile proteins in volume-overtrained skeletal muscle. International journal of sports ...

https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2016/12/06/usems-2016-national-student-sports-medicine-conference-highlights/

Decreased turnover of contractile proteins (i.e., slower recovery).. *Cortisol and other stress hormone levels remain elevated. ... and increased proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins. All of these factors have been associated with increased ...

https://www.t-nation.com/training/heart-rate-variability-training/

Exogenous NO is believed to act via direct phosphorylation of LTCC and cardiac contractile proteins such as troponin 1. The ... HNO can also modulate the thiol groups in EC-coupling proteins and regulate the functions of these proteins. For instance, HNO ... The contractile effect of H2S is therefore not a direct action on vascular smooth muscle cells but an indirect effect involving ... M. R. Kumars, J. M. Fukuto, K. M. Miranda, and P. J. Farmer, "Reactions of HNO with heme proteins: new routes to HNO-heme ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2016/6904327/

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a regulatory contractile protein. The troponin complex has three subunits in the thin filament of ... Nakanishi T, Okuda H, Nakazawa M, et al. Effect of acidosis on contractile function in the newborn rabbit heart. Pediatr Res ... Low pH and accumulation of lactate may affect the interaction between calcium and troponin in the contractile mechanisms.34 An ...

https://fn.bmj.com/content/90/3/F229

The purpose of this study was to determine whether contractile protein alterations are responsible for force deficits in young ... N2 - The purpose of this study was to determine whether contractile protein alterations are responsible for force deficits in ... AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether contractile protein alterations are responsible for force deficits in ... abstract = "The purpose of this study was to determine whether contractile protein alterations are responsible for force ...

https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/molecular-and-cellular-contractile-dysfunction-of-dystrophic-musc

Sarcomeres are the individual contractile protein structures within muscle fibres. Throughout post-workout recovery, the body ... With this type of muscle building, no new protein structures are formed. It merely increases the amount of semi-liquid plasma ... replaces these injured protein structures. It adds some new sarcomeres alongside the old ones that solidify the muscle fibre. ...

https://www.piedmontyoga.com/

PDB Description: Crystal structure of a putative contractile protein (bh3618) from bacillus halodurans at 1.67 A resolution ... PDB Compounds: (B:) hypothetical protein BH3618. SCOPe Domain Sequences for d2aj7b3:. Sequence; same for both SEQRES and ATOM ... Other proteins in same PDB: d2aj7a1, d2aj7b2. complexed with edo, fmt, k, ni. ... SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. Release 2.07 (updated 2021-07-07, stable release March 2018) ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=285221&ver=2.07

As the cell stiffens as a result of activation of contractile proteins, the amplitude of bead rotation decreases. Bead motions ... Fredberg JJ, Inoye D, Miller B, et al. Airway smooth muscle, tidal stretches, and dynamically determined contractile states. Am ... The TNF increase is accompanied by protein leakage in BAL fluid. The inflammatory changes are paralleled by an increase in ... Relatively low doses prevent the neutrophil recruitment, whereas high doses are required to also inhibit TNF release, protein ...

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/22/2/374

Gravity Plays an Important Role in Muscle Development and the Differentiation of Contractile Protein Phenotype. 20030068221. ...

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030068190

CYP17A1 as well as of other enzymes maintaining the mass of structural and contractile proteins and enzyme function ( 24). ... Applicants seeking approval abuse in Bodybuilder oxygen requirement and C-reactive protein on day. American Academy and. ... Drug test together with other corepressor proteins the period of drying, allows. ...

https://www.atimes.com/sustanon-250-injectable-steroids.html

... and Peter Rohloff showed that this protein is translocated to the contractile vacuole upon hypo-osmotic stress. Joanna Cox and ... TgSUB1 is a microneme protein, whereas TgSUB2 localizes to rhoptries and associates with rhoptry protein ROP1, a potential ... He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. In the poster ... Louis, MO) have studied the role of GPI-anchored proteins role in the context of parasite knockouts and "add-back" controls, ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/8/03-0324

When filaments made from purified myosin or actin were used as the "capture" substrates, only thick or thin filament proteins, respectively, were incorporated. (rupress.org)
The MYBPC3 gene provides instructions for making cardiac myosin binding protein C (cardiac MyBP-C), which is found in heart (cardiac) muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Kulikovskaya I, McClellan GB, Levine R, Winegrad S. Multiple forms of cardiac myosin-binding protein C exist and can regulate thick filament stability. (medlineplus.gov)
Smooth muscle myosin filament assembly under control of a kinase-related protein (KRP) and caldesmon. (nih.gov)
The principal finding was that force generation was depressed by ∼20% in mdx muscles, but fiber Ca 2+ -activated force and myosin structure were not different from wt animals, suggesting that contractile proteins are not responsible for the force deficits in those muscles. (umn.edu)
These data indicate that contractile protein alterations, in addition to myosin dysfunction, cause force deficit in muscles from young mdx:utrn -/- mice. (umn.edu)
11. Muscle Fiber Size Hypertrophy: The process of hypertrophy involves both an increase in the synthesis of the contractile proteins actin and myosin within the myofibril and an increase in the number of myofibrils within a muscle fiber. (slideshare.net)
Actin is powered by ATP to assemble its filamentous form, which serves as a track for the movement of a motor protein called myosin. (dekooktips.com)
For one, they serve as tracks for the movement of a motor protein called myosin, which can also form filaments. (dekooktips.com)
T-3 has also been shown to increase the muscles production of myosin, which is one of the major contractile proteins in muscle. (ironmagazine.com)
Calcium is required by two proteins troponin and tropomyosin that methodize muscle contraction by blocking the restrictive of myosin to filamentous actin. (sahmy.com)
Tropomyosins are contractile proteins which collectively immediately the fuse proteins actin and myosin office to methodize contraction in twain muscle and non-muscle cells and are ubiquitous in animal cells. (sahmy.com)
Regulatory Proteins See also what is the facing of solar Tropomyosin blocks myosin restrictive sites on actin molecules preventing cross-bridge shape and preventing contraction in a muscle without nervous input. (sahmy.com)
shore sarcomere is composed of two estate protein filaments-actin and myosin-which are the nimble structures unbound for powerful contraction. (sahmy.com)
By using mutants of the fission yeast actin severing protein Adf1, we observed that contracting AMRs display a "peeling" phenotype, where bundles of actin and myosin peel off from one side of the AMR, and are pulled across to the opposite side. (molbiolcell.org)
Myofibrils are composed of long proteins including actin, myosin, and titin, and other proteins that hold them together. (rhumbarlv.com)
Myofibers contain two kinds of contractile filaments: myosin: 12-15 nm thick - 1.5 micron long, and actin: 6-7 nm thick - 1 micron long. (rhumbarlv.com)

Globulins found in animal fluids are enzymes, antibodies, and fibrous and contractile proteins usually contained in the blood plasma . (britannica.com)
Chromosomes are segregated by the spindle apparatus, which is made up of fibrous protein structures called microtubules. (lmu.de)

They then determine the molecular weights of major contractile proteins by comparing their migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gels to the migration of standard proteins of known size. (modernbio.com)

More specifically, we focus on tropomyosin, a sarcomeric thin filament protein found in skeletal and cardiac muscle. (uc.edu)

Microtubular protein: synthesis and metabolism in developing brain. (wikidata.org)
Magnesium is involved in nearly every aspect of biochemical metabolism (eg, DNA and protein synthesis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation). (medscape.com)
The mechanisms of cardiac muscle hypertrophy involve many signal transduction pathways, leading to the induction of a number of genes, which in turn stimulate synthesis of numerous cellular proteins. (humpath.com)
they may be due to limitation of the vascular supply to the enlarged fibers, diminished oxidative capabilities of mitochondria, alterations in protein synthesis and degradation, or cytoskeletal alterations. (humpath.com)
T-3 also has the ability to activate genes and increase protein synthesis in the muscles, making it anabolic. (ironmagazine.com)

The effect of periodic stretching of the smooth-muscle cells on the expression in them of contractile-phenotype marker proteins]. (nih.gov)

Recently, we have identified a molecular interaction between serine/threonine kinase AMPK and nuclear receptor PPARd that can be pharmacologically targeted to activate genes linked to mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and slow-twitch contractile myofibers in skeletal muscles and improve exercise endurance. (uth.edu)
Variants in genes that encode muscle contractile proteins influence risk for isolated clubfoot. (cdc.gov)

This is what is necessary in sports cYP11A1, CYP17A1 as well as of other enzymes maintaining the mass of structural and contractile proteins and enzyme function ( 24). (atimes.com)
For example, endurance training (or exercise) increases slow-twitch myofibers that are rich in mitochondria, fat oxidizing enzymes and fatigue-resistant contractile proteins. (uth.edu)

We use cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis to study the structure of the motor proteins and filaments that underlie these movements. (umassmed.edu)
Microtubules are hollow rods of the protein tubulin that interact with motor proteins to create movement within the cell. (dekooktips.com)

There are three main components of the cytoskeleton: microtubules, intermediate filaments (IF) and microfilaments, along with many other proteins that support those components. (dekooktips.com)
Vertebrate striated muscle contraction is controlled (regulated) by the separation of the proteins troponin and tropomyosin on the actin filaments. (sahmy.com)
Actin filaments are attached to Z- bands which are composed of actinin and other proteins. (rhumbarlv.com)
The latter is expressed in the thin filaments of striated muscle and is required for the proper assembly of the thin filaments, for the maintenance of their lengths and for their contractile function. (cdc.gov)

In this study, mRNA and protein levels of SLC6A6 were examined using models of VSMC phenotype switching in vivo and in vitro and human artery samples with or without atherosclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), proliferation, migration, and phenotype-related proteins of VSMCs were measured. (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, overexpression of SLC6A6 suppresses neointimal formation by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and migration via Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and maintaining the VSMC contractile phenotype. (bvsalud.org)
0.02) in which enhanced switching from contractile to synthetic phenotype occurs. (cdc.gov)

Int J Parasitol 31:472В-481 Ulrich PN, Jimenez V, Greensward M et al (2011) Sympathy of contractile vacuole proteins in Trypanosoma cruzi. (daubnet.com)
The contractile vacuole pore is supported on its cytosolic side by a coil of microtubules and other microtubules extend from the pore to the CV membrane. (ucsd.edu)

Alpha and beta globulins are transport proteins, serve as substrates upon which other substances are formed, and perform other diverse functions. (britannica.com)
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba and Keio University have clarified the roles of matrix stiffness and mechanotransduction as well as the signaling pathways in the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts into contractile cardiomyocytes and show that soft substrates comparable to native myocardium improve the efficiency of this cardiac reprogramming. (brightsurf.com)

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a regulatory contractile protein. (bmj.com)
The protein intricate troponin binds to tropomyosin helping to ant: disarray it on the actin molecule. (sahmy.com)

Posttranslational incorporation of contractile proteins into myofibrils in a cell-free system. (rupress.org)
The incorporation of newly synthesized protein into myofibrils has been examined in a cell-free system. (rupress.org)
Only a small number of the many synthesized proteins were found to associate with the exogenously added myofibrils. (rupress.org)
Except for a 43-kD polypeptide, tentatively identified as beta-actin, none of the proteins encoded by brain poly(A)+RNA associated with the myofibrils. (rupress.org)

[ 7 ] Tropomyosins are a family of actin-binding coiled-coil proteins that help to regulate calcium-dependent muscle contraction. (medscape.com)
In our laboratory, we are particularly interested in understanding how nuclear receptors - that are hormone or drug-activated transcriptional factors - regulate metabolic and contractile properties of the skeletal muscle. (uth.edu)

suppression of YAP/TAZ was mediated by inhibition of integrins (transmembrane receptors that facilitate and signal ECM adhesion), Rho/ROCK (a kinase that modulates cell shape and movement), and actomyosin (a contractile protein-complex). (brightsurf.com)

Composition and turnover of contractile proteins in volume-overtrained skeletal muscle. (bmj.com)
Skeletal muscle is a remarkably plastic tissue that adapts to environmental cues by undergoing changes in its metabolic and contractile properties. (uth.edu)
Skeletal muscle contractile gene (TNNT3, MYH3, TPM2) mutations not found in vertical talus or clubfoot. (cdc.gov)

The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during protein folding, and the function of the protein. (lecturio.com)

The initial insult can be manifested as altered calcium transport, blockade of electron transport, or phosphorylation of critical proteins. (cdc.gov)

This portion of the fluorescence digital image gallery features widefield fluorescence images captured from over 30 cell lines stained with a mixture of synthetic probes, antibodies, and fluorescent proteins. (microscopyu.com)

Based on ion selectivity, functional similarities, and structural homology, this superfamily can be divided into five main types: proteins lacking a PD, voltage gated sodium and calcium channels (Na v , Ca v ), voltage gated potassium channels (K v ), cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNG), and transient receptors potential channels (TRPs). (frontiersin.org)
Expression of contractile agonist-specific receptors was unaltered, however all isoforms of the ryanodine receptor were down regulated. (monash.edu)

Proteins Proteins Linear polypeptides that are synthesized on ribosomes and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. (lecturio.com)

These results are compatible with a model in which proteins of the sarcomere are in kinetic equilibrium with homologous proteins in a soluble pool. (rupress.org)
A sarcomere is the basic contractile aggregation of muscle fiber. (sahmy.com)

Also discussed were contractile proteins, calcium metabolism, adrenergic and cholinergic regulation, and gap junctions. (cdc.gov)

MYBPC3 gene mutations that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy lead to an abnormally short or otherwise altered cardiac MyBP-C protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Our studies provide a structural basis for understanding diseases that result from mutations in contractile proteins. (umassmed.edu)
Caused by biallelic mutations (with at least one of them being missense mutation) in the gene NEB (2q22) which encodes the protein nebulin. (cdc.gov)

In the latter, these proteins participate in localized contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena. (bvsalud.org)

We use cryo-EM (together with other EM and X-ray diffraction techniques) to determine the structures of the protein molecules of muscle, and the higher order complexes that they form, in different functional states. (umassmed.edu)
Variations in meat texture originate from inherent differences within the structure of raw meat/muscle tissue relating to contractile protein structures, connective tissue framework, lipid and carbohydrate components as well as external factors like cooking and sample handling. (usda.gov)

Actomyosin-like protein in brain. (wikidata.org)
Effect of vinblastine and colchicine on uptake and release of putative transmitters by synaptosomes and on brain actomyosin-like protein. (wikidata.org)
Actomyosin-like protein isolated from mammalian brain. (wikidata.org)

Electrolyzed-reduced water protects against oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, and protein. (h2bev.com)

The vascular endothelium is formed by a sheet of endothelial cells tethered together by junctional proteins such as tight and adherens junctions. (bvsalud.org)

Scar tissue does not contribute to cardiac contractile force and the remaining viable cardiac muscle is thus subject to a greater hemodynamic burden. (thepackaginginsider.com)

SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)

Gene and protein analysis of contractile signaling pathways were performed on separate lungs. (monash.edu)

Students also identify and determine the molecular weight of the major proteins found in milk. (modernbio.com)
Globulins are an important source of protein in seed plants and are found in minute amounts in cereals. (britannica.com)
They include MUSCLE PROTEINS as well as those found in other cells and tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins found in any species of archaeon. (bvsalud.org)

The cytoplasm is filled with contractile vacuoles, which help to maintain the osmotic equilibrium. (risingacademy.org)

Cytokinesis occurs at the end of mitosis as a result of the ingression of a contractile ring that cleaves the daughter cells. (biologists.com)
When coated with proteins, cells adhere to and grow on our soft surfaces. (grstiftung.ch)
1,2 In the most common form, bioprinting uses a computer-assisted motorized device for the layerby-layer deposition of biocompatible materials, viable cells, growth factors, proteins, nucleic acids, drugs, and supporting components into precise geometries to create functionally and structurally biomimetic tissue constructs. (sigmaaldrich.com)

LMU researchers led by cell biologist Dr. Esther Zanin, who heads an Emmy Noether Research Group at the LMU Biocenter, have identified a molecular signaling pathway that restricts formation of the contractile ring to the mid-plane of the mother cell. (lmu.de)

In contrast to a previously reported NMR structure of the human homolog with 96% sequence identity (PDB 1TGQ), which showed the protein as a monomer, our results indicate clearly that robl1 exists as a symmetric homodimer. (rcsb.org)

SLC6A6 suppressed VSMC proliferation and migration, while increasing contractile VSMC proteins. (bvsalud.org)

They are composed predominantly of a contractile protein called actin, which is the most abundant cellular protein. (dekooktips.com)

I used the word "most" because 10% of the fluid (that which contains large protein molecules) cannot pass through the small holes in the venules and must be removed from our tissues by another system. (arcphysicaltherapy.com)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether contractile protein alterations are responsible for force deficits in young dystrophic muscle. (umn.edu)

We think that the active enzyme then diffuses from the astral microtubules to the cell membrane at the cell poles, where it suppresses formation of a contractile ring. (lmu.de)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of doxorubicin exposure on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-content and contractile protein function. (gla.ac.uk)
Our research interests lie in the understanding of muscle contractile proteins associated with both normal and diseased function. (uc.edu)
The aim was to investigate the effects of physical training with exergames and protein supplementation on musculoskeletal function, muscle architecture, and markers of physical frailty in pre-frail older women. (ebsco.com)

Proteins which participate in contractile processes. (bvsalud.org)

when the phosphate groups are removed, cardiac MyBP-C is broken down, followed by the breakdown of proteins of the thick filament. (medlineplus.gov)

Cytokinesis occurs during mitotic exit because of the ingression of a RhoA-dependent contractile ring that assembles in the equatorial plane. (biologists.com)

Bioheart MyoCell (immature myoblasts) are the only cell type known to be able to form new contractile muscle in the depths of heart scar tissue. (leonhardtventures.com)
Bioheart, Inc. has raised over $107 million to date since 1999 that has allowed the company to advance further in clinical trials than any other stem cell company focused on growing new contractile muscle in heart scar tissue - Phase II/III MARVEL approved to enroll at up to 35 sites in the USA. (leonhardtventures.com)

The relationships between the amino acid sequences of various human proteins that feature one or more VSD motifs are represented as a circular phylogenic tree. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy28

Organisms14

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Filament assembly from profilin-actin. (1/1105)

The small GTPase RalA targets filamin to induce filopodia. (2/1105)

Profilin and the Abl tyrosine kinase are required for motor axon outgrowth in the Drosophila embryo. (3/1105)

Mena is required for neurulation and commissure formation. (4/1105)

Cyclosporine-induced renal artery smooth muscle contraction is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of specific contractile regulatory proteins. (5/1105)

Role of proteins of the Ena/VASP family in actin-based motility of Listeria monocytogenes. (6/1105)

The quaternary structure of the sheaths of defective phages similar to PBS X. (7/1105)

Identification of a suppressor of the Dictyostelium profilin-minus phenotype as a CD36/LIMP-II homologue. (8/1105)

Contractile Proteins

Myosins

Tropomyosin

Muscle Proteins

Actins

Myofibrils

Myosin Heavy Chains

Troponin

Muscle Contraction

Myosin Light Chains

Escin

Muscles

Troponin I

Myocardial Contraction

Calcium

Actomyosin

Myocardium

Cardiac Myosins

Muscle, Smooth

Sarcomeres

Skeletal Muscle Myosins

Muscle, Skeletal

Heart

Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Troponin T

Actinin

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Postpericardiotomy Syndrome

Calmodulin-Binding Proteins

Mycoplasmatales

Papillary Muscles

Microfilament Proteins

Rabbits

Arthrogryposis

Smooth Muscle Myosins

Actin Cytoskeleton

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Isometric Contraction

Potassium Chloride

Muscle Development

Cells, Cultured

Coturnix

Caffeine

Adenosine Triphosphatases

Cell Differentiation

Diaphragm

Myogenin

Pyridazines

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Muscular Atrophy

Heart Ventricles

Hypertrophy

RNA, Messenger

Halothane

Gene Expression Regulation

Guinea Pigs

Cytoskeleton

Ferrets

Rats, Inbred Strains

Cardiomegaly

Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase

Mesenteric Arteries

Calcium-Binding Proteins

MyoD Protein

Phosphorylation

Microscopy, Electron

Vasoconstriction

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Phenotype

Mechanotransduction, Cellular

Animals, Newborn

Chick Embryo

Time Factors

Rats, Wistar

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Aorta

Myosin Subfragments

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic