Contraceptive agents. Medical search

Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.

The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.

Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.

A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.

Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION.

Fixed drug combinations administered orally for contraceptive purposes.

A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.

Chemical substances which inhibit the process of spermatozoa formation at either the first stage, in which spermatogonia develop into spermatocytes and then into spermatids, or the second stage, in which spermatids transform into spermatozoa.

A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.

A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.

Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions. It has proved to be an effective contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, COMBINED).

Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.

Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives.

Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Devices that diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Prevention of CONCEPTION by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (STERILIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE). Common means of reversible contraception include NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS; or CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES.

The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).

The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.

Contraceptive devices used by females.

Behavior patterns of those practicing CONTRACEPTION.

Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE.

Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.

Contraceptive devices placed high in the uterine fundus.

Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.

A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.

Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; ANTIMETABOLITES; ALKALOIDS, and PROSTAGLANDINS.

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent conception.

Unintended accidental pregnancy, including pregnancy resulting from failed contraceptive measures.

Procedures to block or remove all or part of the genital tract for the purpose of rendering individuals sterile, incapable of reproduction. Surgical sterilization procedures are the most commonly used. There are also sterilization procedures involving chemical or physical means.

Pregnancy, usually accidental, that is not desired by the parent or parents.

A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms.

Means of postcoital intervention to avoid pregnancy, such as the administration of POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTIVES to prevent FERTILIZATION of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg (OVUM IMPLANTATION).

Intrauterine contraceptive devices that depend on the release of metallic copper.

A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and endometriosis. As a contraceptive, it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

Contraceptive methods based on immunological processes and techniques, such as the use of CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINES.

Pregnenes with one double bond or more than three double bonds which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19..

Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERONE. Primary actions of progestins, including natural and synthetic steroids, are on the UTERUS and the MAMMARY GLAND in preparation for and in maintenance of PREGNANCY.

Drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes.

Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.

Procedures that render the female sterile by interrupting the flow in the FALLOPIAN TUBE. These procedures generally are surgical, and may also use chemicals or physical means.

Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings.

The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS; the PITUITARY GLAND; the ovaries; and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase.

Steroidal compounds related to PROGESTERONE, the major mammalian progestational hormone. Progesterone congeners include important progesterone precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with progestational activities.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

Intrauterine devices that release contraceptive agents.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

Contraceptive devices used by males.

Pregnancy in human adolescent females under the age of 19.

Variations of menstruation which may be indicative of disease.

17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.

Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.

Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.

Education which increases the knowledge of the functional, structural, and behavioral aspects of human reproduction.

Blocking the process leading to OVULATION. Various factors are known to inhibit ovulation, such as neuroendocrine, psychological, and pharmacological agents.

(6 alpha)-17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone used in veterinary practice as an estrus regulator.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease.

Sexual activities of humans.

Pregnadienes which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19.

A medicated adhesive patch placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication into the bloodstream.

17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.

Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.

Steroidal compounds related to ESTRADIOL, the major mammalian female sex hormone. Estradiol congeners include important estradiol precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with estrogenic activities.

Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.

The sexual union of a male and a female, a term used for human only.

Individuals requesting induced abortions.

Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)

Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby individuals are joined together.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Pregnancies averted among U.S. teenagers by the use of contraceptives. (1/208)

CONTEXT: The personal and social costs associated with teenage pregnancy in the United States concern many policymakers and researchers, yet the role of contraception in preventing these pregnancies has not been adequately quantified. METHODS: Published estimates of contraceptive effectiveness were applied to 1995 National Survey of Family Growth data on sexual and contraceptive practices in order to estimate the number of pregnancies averted through the use of contraceptives by U.S. teenagers. Four scenarios of contraceptives access--from current levels of access to highly restricted access--and teenagers' sexual and contraceptive practices in response to such restrictions are used to project the potential impact on pregnancies among teenagers. RESULTS: Current levels of contraceptive use averted an estimated 1.65 million pregnancies among 15-19-year-old women in the United States during 1995. If these young women had been denied access to both prescription and over-the-counter contraceptive methods, an estimated one million additional pregnancies (ranging from 750,000 to 1.25 million) would have occurred, assuming some decrease in sexual activity. These pregnancies would have led to 480,000 live births, 390,000 abortions, 120,000 miscarriages, 10,000 ectopic pregnancies and 37 maternal deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive use by teenage women prevents pregnancies and negative pregnancy-related health consequences that can disrupt the lives of adolescent women and that have substantial societal costs. Continued and expanded access to contraceptives for adolescents is a critically important public health strategy. (+info)

Use of long-acting depot progestogen in domililiary family planning. (2/208)

Medroxyprogesterone acetate injections have been used as a long-term contraceptive by the domiciliary family planning service in Glasgow. The injections were particularly useful in women with a high risk of becoming pregnant and in whom oral or intrauterine contraception had failed or was unacceptable. The optimum dose was 200 mg every 15-16 weeks. It was accepted by an increasing proportion of women, only 12 out of 162 discontinuing because of side effects. Continuation rates compared favourably with those for the pill, but less well than those for intrauterine contraceptive devices. The theoretical hazards should be weighed against the positive good resulting from controlled fertility in domiciliary patients. (+info)

Synergistic role of nitric oxide and progesterone during the establishment of pregnancy in the rat. (3/208)

Successful pregnancy is strictly dependent on the trophoblast-decidual interaction and on an adequate blood supply to the implantation sites. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play an important role during advanced gestation, although its role during early pregnancy is unclear. The aim of the present study in rats was to evaluate whether NO plays a role during the preimplantation [days 1-4 post coitum (p.c.)] and peri-implantation (days 6-8 p.c.) phases of pregnancy. The rats were treated with the non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine in the presence and absence of low-dose antiprogestin, onapristone, and evaluated on days 9 p.c. and 19 p.c., respectively. Before implantation, the treatments alone (L-NAME, aminoguanidine, onapristone) had little effect on pregnancy outcome. Conversely, aminoguanidine plus onapristone treatment completely prevented pregnancy, whereas L-NAME plus onapristone reduced the pregnancy rate to approximately 50%. In addition, both treatments drastically reduced decidualization. Oviductal flushing experiments revealed arrest of embryo development at around the 8-cell stage after aminoguanidine plus onapristone treatment on days 1-4 p.c. Similarly, treatment during the peri-implantation period with L-NAME, aminoguanidine, and onapristone each had only marginal effects on pregnancy. However, a combination of L-NAME and onapristone, and aminoguanidine plus onapristone prevented pregnancy in 71% and 42% of dams, respectively, as determined on day 19 p.c. These treatments also markedly inhibited the decidualization process. This study demonstrates synergistic effects of NOS inhibitors and an antiprogestin in preventing pregnancy. NOS, particularly the cytokine- and progesterone-inducible iNOS, may represent a new target for novel therapeutic agents capable of promoting or inhibiting pregnancy. (+info)

Contraceptive failure rates: new estimates from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. (4/208)

CONTEXT: Unintended pregnancy remains a major public health concern in the United States. Information on pregnancy rates among contraceptive users is needed to guide medical professionals' recommendations and individuals' choices of contraceptive methods. METHODS: Data were taken from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the 1994-1995 Abortion Patient Survey (APS). Hazards models were used to estimate method-specific contraceptive failure rates during the first six months and during the first year of contraceptive use for all U.S. women. In addition, rates were corrected to take into account the underreporting of induced abortion in the NSFG. Corrected 12-month failure rates were also estimated for subgroups of women by age, union status, poverty level, race or ethnicity, and religion. RESULTS: When contraceptive methods are ranked by effectiveness over the first 12 months of use (corrected for abortion underreporting), the implant and injectables have the lowest failure rates (2-3%), followed by the pill (8%), the diaphragm and the cervical cap (12%), the male condom (14%), periodic abstinence (21%), withdrawal (24%) and spermicides (26%). In general, failure rates are highest among cohabiting and other unmarried women, among those with an annual family income below 200% of the federal poverty level, among black and Hispanic women, among adolescents and among women in their 20s. For example, adolescent women who are not married but are cohabiting experience a failure rate of about 31% in the first year of contraceptive use, while the 12-month failure rate among married women aged 30 and older is only 7%. Black women have a contraceptive failure rate of about 19%, and this rate does not vary by family income; in contrast, overall 12-month rates are lower among Hispanic women (15%) and white women (10%), but vary by income, with poorer women having substantially greater failure rates than more affluent women. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of contraceptive failure vary widely by method, as well as by personal and background characteristics. Income's strong influence on contraceptive failure suggests that access barriers and the general disadvantage associated with poverty seriously impede effective contraceptive practice in the United States. (+info)

Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. (5/208)

CONTEXT: Half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Of these, half occur to women who were practicing contraception in the month they conceived, and others occur when couples stop use because they find their method difficult or inconvenient to use. METHODS: Data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth were used to compute life-table probabilities of contraceptive failure for reversible methods of contraception, discontinuation of use for a method-related reason and resumption of contraceptive use. RESULTS: Within one year of starting to use a reversible method of contraception, 9% of women experience a contraceptive failure--7% of those using the pill, 9% of those relying on the male condom and 19% of those practicing withdrawal. During a lifetime of use of reversible methods, the typical woman will experience 1.8 contraceptive failures. Overall, 31% of women discontinue use of a reversible contraceptive for a method-related reason within six months of starting use, and 44% do so within 12 months; however, 68% resume use of a method within one month and 76% do so within three months. Multivariate analyses show that the risk of contraceptive failure is elevated among low-income women and Hispanic women. Low-income women are also less likely than other women to resume contraceptive use after discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: The risks of pregnancy during typical use of reversible methods of contraception are considerably higher than risks of failure during clinical trials, reflecting imperfect use of these methods rather than lack of inherent efficacy. High rates of method-related discontinuation probably reflect dissatisfaction with available methods. (+info)

Serum sialic acid in a random sample of the general population. (6/208)

BACKGROUND: The serum sialic acid (SA) concentration has been reported to be a potentially useful but nonspecific disease marker. We wanted to study which factors influence SA concentration in a well-characterized healthy population. METHODS: SA was determined in 97 women and 96 men with a colorimetric Warren method. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD concentrations of SA were 634 +/- 109 (95% confidence interval, 612-656) and 630 +/- 106 (95% confidence interval, 608-651) mg/L for women and men, respectively. The serum SA showed a significant positive association with body mass index and with systolic and diastolic blood pressure among both women and men. SA also correlated significantly with the use of contraceptive pills and age among women and with smoking among men. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that SA does not increase with age in men but appears to increase with female menopause. The strong positive association with blood pressure may explain why SA predicts cardiovascular mortality. (+info)

Safety and efficacy of fertility-regulating methods: a decade of research. (7/208)

An international venture was launched in 1985 to fill a recognized gap in post-marketing surveillance of fertility-regulating methods. For this purpose a new task force was set up by the Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction, which is cosponsored by the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund, the World Bank, and WHO. Research priorities were chosen and epidemiological studies inaugurated, involving a total of 47 countries--mostly from the developing world. Important progress has been made, especially in helping to define the beneficial and possible adverse effects of oral contraceptives on the risk of neoplasia; in showing that the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate protects against endometrial cancer and does not increase the overall risk of breast cancer, in clarifying which groups of women are susceptible to the rare cardiovascular complications of oral contraceptives (myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism); and in establishing the long-term effectiveness and safety of intrauterine devices. The research has already made a significant impact on family planning policies and practice. Critical appraisal of this venture, which has been modestly funded, confirms the value of mission-oriented research. It also illustrates the potential of collaboration that bridges the global divide between developing and developed countries. (+info)

Dynamics of contraceptive use in a rural community of Haryana. (8/208)

A cross-sectional survey was carried out to study the dynamics of contraceptive use in three villages of Raipur Rani block in district Panchkula, Haryana. A female social worker interviewed 600 ever-married women aged 15-44 years using a semi-structured interview schedule. More than 75% of the respondents were aware about modern contraceptives. Fifty-nine percent of the couples had used contraceptives. Among the 351 ever-users, the first contraceptive method used was sterilization in 41.3%, condom in 35.6%, IUD in 17.9%, and oral pills in 5.1%. Subsequently, many of them either discontinued or shifted to other methods. At the time of survey, 236 (39.3%) were using a contraceptive. Most of the current users (225) had opted for tubectomy, and only a few (4) had accepted vasectomy. Supplies of contraceptives were obtained mainly from government hospitals and sub-health centres. Common reasons for discontinuation were perceived untoward effects (37.1%), desire for more children (32.6%), and failure of the contraceptive method (19.0%). Most of the respondents obtained contraceptives from Government health posts. Counselling and follow-up services should should be strengthened so that contraceptives are used regularly and effectively for longer periods. (+info)

Types of Nutrition Disorders:

1. Malnutrition: This occurs when the body does not receive enough nutrients to maintain proper bodily functions. Malnutrition can be caused by a lack of access to healthy food, digestive problems, or other underlying health issues.
2. Obesity: This is a condition where excess body fat accumulates to the point that it negatively affects health. Obesity can increase the risk of various diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.
3. Anorexia Nervosa: This is an eating disorder characterized by a fear of gaining weight or becoming obese. People with anorexia nervosa may restrict their food intake to an extreme degree, leading to malnutrition and other health problems.
4. Bulimia Nervosa: This is another eating disorder where individuals engage in binge eating followed by purging or other compensatory behaviors to rid the body of calories consumed. Bulimia nervosa can also lead to malnutrition and other health issues.
5. Diabetes Mellitus: This is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes, in particular, has been linked to poor dietary habits and a lack of physical activity.
6. Cardiovascular Disease: Poor dietary habits and a lack of physical activity can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.
7. Osteoporosis: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D can contribute to the development of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by brittle bones and an increased risk of fractures.
8. Gout: This is a type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. A diet rich in purine-containing foods such as red meat, seafood, and certain grains can increase the risk of developing gout.
9. Dental Problems: Poor dietary habits, particularly a diet high in sugar, can contribute to dental problems such as cavities and gum disease.
10. Mental Health Disorders: Malnutrition and other health problems caused by poor dietary habits can also contribute to mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety.

In conclusion, poor dietary habits can have significant negative effects on an individual's overall health and well-being. It is essential to adopt healthy dietary habits such as consuming a balanced diet, limiting processed foods and sugars, and increasing physical activity to maintain good health and prevent chronic diseases.

Also known as: Menstrual Disorders, Menstrual Abnormalities, Dysmenorrhea, Amenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea, Polymenorrhea.

Symptoms of a uterine hemorrhage may include:

* Vaginal bleeding that may be heavy or light in flow
* Pain in the lower abdomen
* Pain during sexual activity
* Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods
* Unusual discharge from the vagina

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Uterine hemorrhages can be diagnosed through a physical examination and imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the bleeding, but may include medications to control bleeding, surgery to remove fibroids or polyps, or hysterectomy in severe cases.

It is important to note that while uterine hemorrhages can be managed with appropriate medical care, they can also be life-threatening if left untreated. Seeking prompt medical attention and following the advice of your healthcare provider are crucial to preventing complications and ensuring a successful outcome.

Metrorrhagia can be diagnosed through a pelvic exam, ultrasound or hysteroscopy. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause of the condition, and may include medications to regulate hormones or shrink fibroids, or surgery to remove polyps or fibroids. It is important for women who experience metrorrhagia to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment to rule out any serious underlying conditions such as endometrial cancer.

Word origin: Greek "metro" meaning month + "rhagia" meaning flow.

ISBN 978-0-8078-1544-1. Rice-Wray E (1957). "Field Study with Enovid as a Contraceptive Agent". Proceedings of a Symposium on ... to physicians as a contraceptive. Although the FDA approved the first oral contraceptive in 1960, contraceptives were not ... Non-hormonal contraceptive methods, such as the Copper IUD or condoms, should be the first-line contraceptive choice for these ... Oral contraceptives should not be used as an initial treatment for female athlete triad. While combined oral contraceptives are ...

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Srivastava RP, Bhaduri AP (1989). "Emerging concepts towards the development of contraceptive agents". Prog Drug Res. 33: 267- ... Combined oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol have been found to increase circulating SHBG levels by 2- to 4-fold in ... Hassoun LA, Chahal DS, Sivamani RK, Larsen LN (June 2016). "The use of hormonal agents in the treatment of acne". Seminars in ... It was widely used, but has largely been abandoned for this indication in favor of newer agents with improved safety profiles ...

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"Triptonide is a reversible non-hormonal male contraceptive agent in mice and non-human primates". Nature Communications. 12 (1 ... an adrenergic blocking agent inadequate as male contraceptive pill". Contraception. 37 (6): 621-9. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88) ... A contraceptive threshold has been defined for men in 2007.[citation needed] Whether using the thermal or hormonal method, this ... Male contraceptives, also known as male birth control, are methods of preventing pregnancy that solely involve the male ...

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Stĕrba R (1976). "[A Czechoslovak injection-contraceptive agent administered once a month]". Zentralbl Gynakol (in German). 98 ... Toppozada MK (April 1994). "Existing once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives". Contraception. 49 (4): 293-301. doi: ... Mokhtar K. Toppozada (1983). "Monthly Injectable Contraceptives". In Alfredo Goldsmith; Mokhtar Toppozada (eds.). Long-Acting ... Ashgate Handbook of Endocrine Agents and Steroids. Taylor & Francis. pp. 158-. ISBN 978-1-351-74347-1. J. Horsky; J. Presl (6 ...

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Stĕrba R (1976). "[A Czechoslovak injection-contraceptive agent administered once a month]". Zentralbl Gynakol (in German). 98 ... It was studied as a combined injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol valerate at doses of 60 mg and 10 mg, ... G.W.A Milne (1 November 2017). Ashgate Handbook of Endocrine Agents and Steroids. Taylor & Francis. pp. 158-. ISBN 978-1-351- ... Toppozada MK (April 1994). "Existing once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives". Contraception. 49 (4): 293-301. doi: ...

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Kjaergaard N, Kjaergaard B, Lauritsen JG (June 1988). "Prazosin, an adrenergic blocking agent inadequate as male contraceptive ... Homonnai ZT, Shilon M, Paz GF (May 1984). "Phenoxybenzamine-an effective male contraceptive pill". Contraception. 29 (5): 479- ... which could make it an effective male contraceptive. This effect is completely reversible, and is believed to be the result of ... Alkylating agents, Alpha-1 blockers, Alpha-2 blockers, IARC Group 2B carcinogens, Irreversible antagonists, Organochlorides, ...

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Oral Contraceptives, and Ovulatory Agents". AMA drug evaluations. Publishing Sciences Group. pp. 540-572. ISBN 978-0-88416-175- ... Wiegratz I, Lee JH, Kutschera E, Winkler UH, Kuhl H (August 2004). "Effect of four oral contraceptives on hemostatic parameters ... Newton JR, D'arcangues C, Hall PE (1994). "A review of "once-a-month" combined injectable contraceptives". J Obstet Gynaecol ( ... Sitruk-Ware R, Nath A (June 2011). "Metabolic effects of contraceptive steroids". Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 12 (2): 63-75. doi: ...

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Oral Contraceptives, and Ovulatory Agents". AMA drug evaluations. Publishing Sciences Group. pp. 540-572. ISBN 978-0-88416-175- ... Watson MC (March 1936). "The Sex Hormones and Their Value as Therapeutic Agents". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 34 (3 ... Stanczyk FZ, Archer DF, Bhavnani BR (June 2013). "Ethinyl estradiol and 17β-estradiol in combined oral contraceptives: ... ISBN 978-94-009-8195-9. Shearman RP (June 1975). "The development of depot contraceptives". Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_benzoate

Oral Contraceptives, and Ovulatory Agents". AMA drug evaluations. Publishing Sciences Group. pp. 540-572. ISBN 978-0-88416-175- ... natural estradiol itself is also used in some hormonal contraceptives, including in estradiol-containing oral contraceptives ... Hormonal contraceptives contain a progestin and/or estrogen and prevent ovulation and thus the possibility of pregnancy by ... Christin-Maitre S, Laroche E, Bricaire L (January 2013). "A new contraceptive pill containing 17β-estradiol and nomegestrol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_(medication)

"Long-acting contraceptive agents: design of the WHO Chemical Synthesis Programme". Steroids. 41 (3): 243-53. doi:10.1016/0039- ... These formulations are used as emergency contraceptives, normal contraceptives, or in menopausal hormone therapy for the ... Levonorgestrel is currently the most androgenic progestin that is used in contraceptives, and contraceptives containing ... Committee on the Relationship Between Oral Contraceptives and BreastCancer (1 January 1991). Oral Contraceptives and Breast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levonorgestrel

"Administration of norethandrolone and testosterone as a contraceptive agent for men". Contraception. 11 (2): 193-207. doi: ... Boschann HW (July 1958). "Observations of the role of progestational agents in human gynecologic disorders and pregnancy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norethandrolone

"Long-acting contraceptive agents: design of the WHO Chemical Synthesis Programme". Steroids. 41 (3): 243-53. doi:10.1016/0039- ... Goebelsmann U (1986). "Pharmacokinetics of Contraceptive Steroids in Humans". In Gregoire AT, Blye RP (eds.). Contraceptive ... The drug has a well-established safety record owing to the use of levonorgestrel as an oral contraceptive since the 1960s. List ... LNG-B has been under investigation as a long-lasting injectable contraceptive for women. A single intramuscular injection of an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levonorgestrel_butanoate

The medication was suggested as a potential contraceptive and therapeutic agent. Megestrol caproate, also known as megestrol 17 ... "Research activities in the field of oral contraceptives in the People's Republic of China". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. ... under the trade name acetomepregnol and recommended for therapeutic purposes in gynecological practice and as a contraceptive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megestrol_caproate

van Vloten WA, Sigurdsson V (2004). "Selecting an oral contraceptive agent for the treatment of acne in women". American ... It was the second progestin, after noretynodrel in 1960, to be used in an oral contraceptive. In 1964, additional contraceptive ... Shoupe, Donna (1993). "Injectable Contraceptives and Contraceptive Vaginal Rings". Clinical Perspectives in Obstetrics and ... as well as the atypical agent danazol. Both norethisterone and NETA are also available in the United States as contraceptives. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norethisterone

17-alpha-hydroxy 19 norprogesterone capronate as a prolonged-action injectable contraceptive agent. Revista Colombiana de ... Goebelsmann U (1986). "Pharmacokinetics of Contraceptive Steroids in Humans". In Gregoire AT, Blye RP (eds.). Contraceptive ... Gestonorone caproate was studied by Schering for use as a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive across a dose range of 2.5 ... 289-. ISBN 978-0-08-093292-7. I.K. Morton; Judith M. Hall (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestonorone_caproate

List of progestogen esters Naderi S, Fotherby K (1983). "Long-acting contraceptive agents: in vitro hydrolysis of esters of ... Alvarez-Sanchez F, Brache V, Jackanicz T, Faundes A (1992). "Evaluation of four different contraceptive vaginal rings: steroid ... Sven O. Skouby (15 July 1997). Clinical Perspectives on a New Gestodene Oral Contraceptive Containing 20μg of Ethinylestradiol ... LNG-A was investigated as a hormonal contraceptive by the Population Council. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levonorgestrel_acetate

Chinnatamby, S. (November 01, 1971). A Comparison of the Long-Acting Contraceptive Agents Norethisterone Oenanthate and ... Chinnatamby, Siva (1971). "A Comparison of the Long-Acting Contraceptive Agents Norethisterone Oenanthate and ... Siva Chinnatamby (c.1921/3 - 2000) was a Sri Lankan obstetrician who pioneered the use of modern contraceptives in the country ... In 1961, Chinnatamby led the first oral contraceptive trials in Asia, at Ragama Hospital. In 1964, she led trials of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siva_Chinnatamby

"A Multicenter Clinical Investigation Employing Ethinyl Estradiol Combined with dl-Norgestrel as Postcoital Contraceptive Agent ... It has also been used as an emergency contraceptive in the Yuzpe regimen. Norgestrel is a progestogen, or an agonist of the ... 751-. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. I.K. Morton; Judith M. Hall (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: ... 2935-. ISBN 978-0-8155-1856-3. Lara Marks (2010). Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive Pill. Yale University Press ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norgestrel

A multicenter clinical investigation employing ethinyl estradiol combined with dl-norgestrel as postcoital contraceptive agent ... A multicenter clinical investigation employing ethinyl estradiol combined with dl-norgestrel as postcoital contraceptive agent ... Ethinylestradiol and dl-norgestrel as a postcoital contraceptive. Fertility and sterility, 1977 AA Yuzpe, HJ Thurlow, I Ramzy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Albert_Yuzpe

"Triptolide is a reversible non-hormonal male contraceptive agent in mice and non-human primates". Nature Communications. 12 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripterygium_wilfordii

"A multicenter clinical investigation employing ethinyl estradiol combined with dl-norgestrel as postcoital contraceptive agent ... Protocol for gaining a history of the use of contraceptives, as a woman's use of birth control pills or other contraceptives ... decrease their future likelihood of using contraceptives such as condoms, and increase their chances of becoming pregnant or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_from_rape

"Triptonide is a reversible non-hormonal male contraceptive agent in mice and non-human primates". Nature Communications. 12 (1 ... A 2021 trial in mice and monkeys suggested that triptonide may offer a reversible male contraceptive. "Triptonide". pubchem. ... Institute, The Lundquist (April 1, 2022). "Male Birth Control Pill: Natural Compound Discovered With "Ideal" Contraceptive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triptonide

"A multicenter clinical investigation employing ethinyl estradiol combined with dl-norgestrel as postcoital contraceptive agent ... Typically, the Yuzpe regimen uses several doses of combined oral contraceptive pills. It may be preferred in locations where ... In these places, people often self-administer combined oral contraceptives as emergency contraception. Subsequently, the World ... "Randomised controlled trial of levonorgestrel versus the Yuzpe regimen of combined oral contraceptives for emergency ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzpe_regimen

... as well as other less well-known agents. These agents are generally used if oral contraceptives and NSAIDs are ineffective. ... Therapy with these agents has a large number of sometimes permanent side effects, such as hot flushes, loss of bone mass, ... This can also be accomplished with progestational agents (i.e., medroxyprogesterone acetate), danazol, gestrinone, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrioma

Multicenter Clinical Investigation Employing ethinyl estradiol combined with dl-norgestrel as a Postcoital Contraceptive agent ... The rate varies between settings and depends particularly on the extent to which non-barrier contraceptives are being used. In ... after frequency of intercourse and use of modern contraceptives. Forced sex can also result in unintended pregnancy among adult ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_and_aftermath_of_rape

Many drugs, including oral contraceptives, some antibiotics, antidepressants, and antifungal agents, inhibit cytochrome enzymes ... A reversal agent for benzodiazepines exists, flumazenil (Anexate). Its use as an antidote is not routinely recommended because ... Although they are second-line agents, benzodiazepines can be used for a limited time to relieve severe anxiety and agitation. ... Kintz P (2007). "Bioanalytical procedures for detection of chemical agents in hair in the case of drug-facilitated crimes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine

Hess, F. M.; King, J. C.; Margen, S. (1 December 1977). "Effect of low zinc intake and oral contraceptive agents on nitrogen ... Both uric acid and ascorbic acid are strong reducing agents (electron donors) and potent antioxidants. In humans, over half the ... This effect can be even more pronounced in women taking oral contraceptive medication. Sevelamer, a drug indicated for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uric_acid

There have been experiments using a SARMs C-6 and S-23 on male mice as a contraceptive agent. Treatment of osteoporosis has ... S-23 - Under development as a male hormonal contraceptive RAD140 (Testolone) Acetothiolutamide - High-affinity AR full agonist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_androgen_receptor_modulator

"The Missionary as Change Agent," Presbyterian Historical Society, The National Archives of the PC(USA), February 9, 2018. ... Poethig often personally took public, socially progressive positions on abortion and contraceptive rights, LGBTQ inclusion and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_Blanchard_Poethig

Long-term use of oral contraceptives is associated with increased risk of cervical cancer in women who have had HPV. Women who ... When cisplatin is present, it is thought to be the most active single agent in periodic diseases. Such addition of platinum- ... oral contraceptive use, and hormone replacement therapy use and cervical carcinogenesis: a review of the literature". ... These historical observations suggested that cervical cancer could be caused by a sexually transmitted agent. Initial research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

The combined oral contraceptive pill, popularly known as "the Pill", was approved for sale as a medicine in US markets in 1957 ... If an institution is deliberately maintained and expanded by discernible agents, though all are aware of the hecatombs of ... "Contraceptive Use in the United States". Fact Sheet. Guttmacher Institute. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. ... therefore supplying young black women with a reason to use contraceptives. Dara Abubakari, a black separatist, wrote that " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_genocide

The WHO does not recommend the use of antispasmodic agents for prevention of delay in labour. For years an episiotomy was ... This is also an optimal time for uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), such as the contraceptive implant or ... Tsatsaris, Vassilis; Cabrol, Dominique; Carbonne, Bruno (2004). "Pharmacokinetics of tocolytic agents". Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

A series revealing the side-effects of third-generation contraceptive pills, and that the international medical companies have ... were taken from Bromma airport in Sweden in December 2001 to Egypt in a covert operation by US agents and handed over to ... 2001: "The hidden price of contraceptive pills". Investigative program. ... conducted by American agents on Swedish ground (TV4). 2003: "The network". Investigative program. A series revealing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Dyfvermark

Stopping oral contraceptive pills may be recommended. Some authors advise against the use of triptan medications for migraine ... Antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, dipyridamole, or clopidogrel might help prevent strokes; however, anticoagulation may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADASIL

Most antifungal agents treat both dermatophyte and yeast infections. However, some, such as nystatin, are not suitable for ... Additional contraceptive measures may be needed during the treatment duration. Mechanism of action Allylamines are a new type ... Lastly, antifungal agents contribute to fungal cell death. Fungal infections are commonly caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or ... Discuss with healthcare professionals before the use of topical antifungal agents. Prior to using topical antifungals, wash the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_antifungal_drugs

The new progestational agent was [6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate] or [medroxyprogesterone acetate], which Upjohn has ... that has been marketed in Italy as an oral contraceptive. Quingestrone is a variant of progesterone with improved ... Boschann HW (July 1958). "Observations of the role of progestational agents in human gynecologic disorders and pregnancy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogen_ester

The effective ovulation-inhibiting or contraceptive dosage of allylestrenol in women has been studied, albeit limitedly. At 20 ... Kanimoto Y, Okada K (November 1991). "[Antiandrogen therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia--review of the agents evaluation of ... Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science ... The preventive effect of indeloxazine hydrochloride to the sexual dysfunction caused by anti-androgenergic agent (allylestrenol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allylestrenol

887-. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. Wassef SA, Sami G, Hamid EA (1970). "Effect of switching with oral contraceptives". Egypt Popul ... progestational drugs and antifertility agents. Pergamon Press. ISBN 9780080157450. Cynthia A. Challener (1 December 2001). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norgesterone

ISBN 978-0-80-365868-4. Generic term for an agent (usually a hormone, such as testosterone or androsterone) that stimulates ... Exogenous androgen supplements can be used as a male contraceptive. Elevated androgen levels caused by use of androgen ... Prostate cancer may be treated by removing the major source of testosterone: testicle removal (orchiectomy); or agents which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen

Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971) Individuals may sue federal government officials who have violated ... and advertisement of contraceptives to both adults and minors are unconstitutional. Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 ( ... is conducted to obtain foreign intelligence for national security purposes and is directed against foreign powers or agents of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States

Examples of such agents include the 3β-HSD inhibitors azastene (WIN-17625) and epostane (WIN-32729). Since progesterone is a ... Progesterone synthesis inhibitors have been researched for medical applications including use as contraceptives, abortifacients ... "Development of progesterone antagonists as fertility regulating agents". Pharmazie. 42 (10): 656-61. PMID 3325988. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_synthesis_inhibitor

1999). Dictionary of pharmacological agents (1st ed.). London: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Tan X, Machmuller MB, ... Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives Men with recent heart surgery, malnutrition, magnesium deficiency, or severe anemia ... "Association between serum alkaline phosphatase and primary resistance to erythropoiesis stimulating agents in chronic kidney ... "Biological effects of eleven combined oral contraceptives on serum triglycerides, γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase

Catholic women had used contraceptives at some point in their lives and that 72% of Catholics believed that one could be a good ... becoming vehicles for the transmission of the infectious agent. In particular, they must avoid any risk to the health of those ... such as the otherwise uncontainable spread of a serious pathological agent." The document states that receiving the vaccine ... as condom use ordinarily constitutes prohibited contraceptive use. Similarly, the Catholic Church opposes artificial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church

Task Force on Oral Contraceptives; Koetsawang, Suporn; Mandlekar, A.V.; Krishna, Usha R.; Purandare, V.N.; Deshpande, C.K.; ... The preferred puberty-suppressing agent for both individuals assigned male at birth and individuals assigned female at birth is ... double-blind study of two combined oral contraceptives containing the same progestogen, but different estrogens". Contraception ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy

There is no specific treatment, although most patients are either given an anti-platelet or anti-coagulation agent to prevent ... migraines and contraceptive use. Hereditary connective tissue diseases include autosomal polycystic kidney disease, Ehlers- ... Management is often using either antiplatelet agents (i.e. aspirin) or anti-coagulation to prevent development of thrombus. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_artery_dissection

"Why the Oral Contraceptive Is Just Known as "The Pill"". Smithsonian Magazine. smithsonianmag.com. Archived from the original ... Agents. 31 (3): 189-92. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.11.010. PMID 18248798. Abraham EP (1987). "Cephalosporins 1945-1986". ... The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of ... Approximately 400 tons of these agents are manufactured each year; this is enough to put approximately 9,000,000 people to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry

... a chemical agent for killing scabies. Spermicide - a contraceptive agent to render sperm inert and prevent fertilization. ... Algaecide - a chemical agent that kills algae Acaricide - a chemical agent that kills mites Avicide - a chemical agent that ... Pediculicide - an agent that kills head lice. Pesticide - a general term to describe an agent used to destroy or repel a pest. ... Fungicide - chemical agents or biological organisms used to kill or inhibit fungi or fungal spores. Germicide - an agent that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_killing

The concentration of thiomersal used in vaccines as an antimicrobial agent ranges from 0.001% (1 part in 100,000) to 0.01% (1 ... or contraceptive counseling regardless of whether they received the HPV vaccine. Thousands of Americans die each year from ... Unknowingly, American soldiers acted as agents of disease transmission, fostering bacteria in their haphazardly made camps. ... applying numbing agents to the skin; and saving the most painful vaccine for last. As above, the number of vaccines offered in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

Types of Contraceptives The copper IUD has been provided less frequently than other contraceptive methods but there have been ... Other hazardous agents can affect the overall health of the woman and reduce the delivery of nutrients to the fetus. Radiation ... Contraceptive Accessibility The updated contraceptive guidelines in South Africa attempt to improve accessibility by providing ... There are many types of contraceptives. One type of contraceptive includes barrier methods. One barrier method includes condoms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health

... when the Trump administration issued new regulations allowing insurers and employers to opt out of contraceptive mandates, ... the suspension of a state district court judge who allegedly assisted an illegal immigrant from being detained by an ICE agent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Baker

Shafik, Ahmed (May 1992). "Contraceptive efficacy of polyester-induced azoospermia in normal men". Contraception. 45 (5): 439- ... for measuring the degree to which human saliva is a good cleaning agent for dirty surfaces. Medical Education: Akira Horiuchi, ... "Human Saliva as a Cleaning Agent for Dirty Surfaces". Studies in Conservation. 35 (3): 153. doi:10.2307/1506167. JSTOR 1506167 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners

As a final note, Zaphod explains that his great-grandfather is "the Fourth" due to an accident with a contraceptive and a time ... In the Illustrated Guide to the Galaxy, the pair are played by Douglas Adams and Ed Victor (his literary agent). The characters ... This was due to an "accident with a contraceptive and a time machine". The great-grandfather of Zaphod Beeblebrox, Zaphod ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Hitchhiker's_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_characters

... they are less desirable than other agents. Additionally, clinical trials have not demonstrated these agents to be effective at ... it remains a contraceptive option for women at low risk. Efforts are underway to develop safe and effective topical ... One such agent is BufferGel, a spermicidal and microbicidal gel formulated to maintain the natural protective acidity of the ... Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases are pharmacologic agents and chemical substances that are capable of killing or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbicides_for_sexually_transmitted_diseases

This amendment would have allowed individual healthcare workers and hospitals to refuse to provide emergency contraceptive care ... to continue his studies at Boston College and continued to work as a model represented by Boston agent, Maggie Trichon of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)

... the inhibitory agent produced by salivary streptococci". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 88 (1): 81-5. doi:10.1093/infdis/ ... douching and contraceptive practices. These differences in the structure and composition of microbial communities may underlie ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_flora

Lastly, some agents (rimpaficin and 17β-estradiol) were shown to hinder proper localization of hepatocyte transporters by ... 17 Bland cholestasis is almost always caused by anabolic steroids or estrogen contraceptive use, while many drugs may cause ... The novel agent norUDCA (24-norursodeoxycholic acid) can be passively absorbed by cholangiocytes. This leads to bicarbonate ... and infectious agents. Urinary tract infection with E. coli is a particularly strong risk factor for PBC. A possible ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

A New Hypoglycemic Agent". J Am Chem Soc. 81 (9): 2220-25. doi:10.1021/ja01518a052. "Procédé de préparation de chlorhydrate de ... Luque-Ramírez M, Nattero-Chávez L, Ortiz Flores AE, Escobar-Morreale HF (March 2018). "Combined oral contraceptives and/or ... Nicholson W, Bolen S, Witkop CT, Neale D, Wilson L, Bass E (January 2009). "Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared ... It is also used as a second-line agent for infertility in those with polycystic ovary syndrome. The American Diabetes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

... agents. The specific objectives of the project are the design, synthesis, and testing of male contraceptive agents that inhibit ... SYNTHESIS AND TESTING OF MALE CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS NIH GUIDE, Volume 21, Number 4, January 31, 1992 RFP AVAILABLE: NICHD-CD-92- ... Specifically excluded from this project are LHRH analogs, gossypol derivatives, sex steroids, cytotoxic agents, and all ... Non-specific antimetabolites, antimitotic agents, N- Substituted diamines (such as WIN. 13,099), most major classes of ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not92-022.html

the following text comes from Estrogens and Progestins, Contraceptive Agents and Agents Used to Treat Infertility, AMA ... Contraceptive Agents: Estrogens / Progestins. by APFLI , Mar 9, 2004 , Contraception - Chemical Methods / Hormonal ...

https://www.physiciansforlife.org/tag/contraceptive-agents/

Levonorgestrel is also used alone and in combination with estrogens in conventional oral contraceptives. Use of levonorgestrel ... Emergency Contraceptive Agents No authors listed In: LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [ ... Levonorgestrel is also used alone and in combination with estrogens in conventional oral contraceptives. Use of levonorgestrel ... 610-2.(Review of hepatotoxicity of hormonal agents; discusses estrogens and progestins, but does not specifically discuss ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31643382

Levonorgestrel is also used alone and in combination with estrogens in conventional oral contraceptives. Use of levonorgestrel ... Review of hepatotoxicity of hormonal agents; discusses estrogens and progestins, but does not specifically discuss ... Ella: a new emergency contraceptive. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2011;53(1355):3-4. [PubMed: 21212744]. (Concise review of the ... Ulipristal acetate: review of the efficacy and safety of a newly approved agent for emergency contraception. Clin Ther. 2012;34 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/livertox/EmergencyContracepti/

Sadek, Ismail A. (‎1995)‎. Some aspects of the use of oral contraceptives as growth-promoting agents in poultry. EMHJ - Eastern ... It is concluded that the use of oral contraceptive steroids in chickens as anabolic agent is a specific risk to chickens and ... Some aspects of the use of oral contraceptives as growth-promoting agents in poultry. ... There are now several hormone and hormone-like agents that can improve the rate of growth and efficiency of feed use of farm ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/118695

It is concluded that the use of oral contraceptive steroids in chickens as anabolic agent is a specific risk to chickens and ... Feeding chickens with oral contraceptive steroids at the dose used by some poultry growers in Egypt has led to the formation of ... Il existe aujourdhui plusieurs hormones et agents de type hormonal qui peuvent amÃ©liorer le taux de croissance des animaux ... There are now several hormone and hormone-like agents that can improve the rate of growth and efficiency of feed use of farm ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-1-1995/volume-1-issue-2/article12.html

Start Over You searched for: Subjects Contraceptive Agents, Female ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Contraceptive Agents, Female ... Contraceptive Agents, Female 8. Depend on Norplant Publication: [Nigeria : FHS, 19--?] Subject(s): Family Planning Services. ... Contraceptive Agents, Female 7. Family planning products Publication: [Liberia : Famcare, 19--?] Subject(s): Family Planning ... Contraceptive Agents, Female. Contraception 4. Norplant Publication: Antananarivo, Madagascar : Ministère de la santé et de ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Contraceptive+Agents%2C+Female

Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants, manual for clinicians. by Population Council.. Material type: Text; Format: print ... Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants : guide to effective counseling. by Population Council.. Material type: Text; ... Local production of contraceptives. by United Nations Population Fund.. Series: Evaluation report (United Nations Population ... The Family Planning Association approved list of contraceptives : based on available data on efficacy and acceptability. by ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BContraceptive%20agents%7D

Cyclic Peptides as Non-Hormonal Male Contraceptive Agents and Methods of Use Thereof ... Cyclic Peptides as Non-Hormonal Male Contraceptive Agents and Methods of Use Thereof ... The available options for male contraceptives are limited. Current research is focused mainly on hormonal male contraceptives. ... This technology is a potential non-hormonal contraceptive using cyclic peptides to prevent spermatogenesis or the process of ...

http://www.techtransfer.nih.gov/tech/tab-4292

The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal risk for GDM was influenced by type of contraceptive method used ... whether a relationship exists between hormonal contraceptives and gestational diabetes (GDM) is undetermined. ... The efficacy and safety of contraceptives have been questioned for decades; however, ... The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. N Engl J Med 1990;323( ...

https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/14_0059.htm

Antifibrinolytic Agents / therapeutic use * Contraceptive Agents, Female / therapeutic use* * Cost-Benefit Analysis ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26507206/?dopt=Abstract

Effect of oral contraceptive agents on thiamin, riboflavin, and pantothenic acid status in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33: ... Ahmed F, Bamji MS, Iyengar L. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin nutrition status. Am J Clin Nutr 1975;28:606-15.. ... Riboflavin deficiency in women taking oral contraceptive agents. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:247-9.. View abstract. ... Briggs M. Oral contraceptives and vitamin nutrition (letter). Lancet 1974;1:1234-5. View abstract. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/957.html

Report: Contraceptive Pill Chemicals Are Turning Fish Transgender. Chemicals from contraceptive pills, cleaning agents, ... contraceptives. Democrats Seek to Codify Chemical Abortions in Contraceptive Legislation. Democrats are inserting the right to ... Contraceptive App Blamed Following 37 Unwanted Pregnancies. A "contraceptive app," which became certified in the European ... California AG Files to Halt Trumps Reversal of Contraceptive Mandate. California Attorney General Xavier Becerra filed a ...

https://www.breitbart.com/tag/contraceptives/

Zinc and copper nutritive of women taking oral contraceptive agents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 34:1479-83. ... Hair analysis of trace minerals in human subjects as influenced by age, sex, and contraceptive drug. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978; 31: ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/hair_analysis/appendix_d.html

Oral contraceptive agents.. Shearman RP. Med J Aust; 1986 Feb; 144(4):201-5. PubMed ID: 3945219. [TBL] ... Use of oral contraceptives and serum beta-carotene.. Berg G; Kohlmeier L; Brenner H. Eur J Clin Nutr; 1997 Mar; 51(3):181-7. ... Modern oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease.. Rosenberg L; Palmer JR; Sands MI; Grimes D; Bergman U; Daling J; Mills ... Low-dose oral contraceptives and acquired resistance to activated protein C: a randomised cross-over study.. Rosing J; ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=9805216&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=

Contraceptive Agents; Female; Heterosexuality/statistics & numerical data*; Homosexuality, Female/statistics & numerical data ... Title: Contraceptive use by women across different sexual orientation groups.. Authors: Charlton, Brittany M; Janiak, Elizabeth ... Lesbians in NHS2 were 90% less likely than heterosexuals to use long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs; adjusted risk ... Abstract: To examine contraceptive methods used across sexual orientation groups.We collected data from 118,462 female ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=3671546

I know that providing food aid that is impregnated with a contraceptive agent is controversial but it is really necessary.. ... I know that providing food aid that is impregnated with a contraceptive agent is controversial but it is really necessary.. ... I know that providing food aid that is impregnated with a contraceptive agent is controversial but it is really necessary. ...

https://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=85291.0

Human trials require formulation and release of contraceptive agents under cGMP, and stability studies cover the duration of ... Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network (CCTN): The CCTN evaluates safety and efficacy of new contraceptive drugs and devices for ... New Contraceptive Methods: Contraceptive product development is challenging. Once a candidate is identified, about 10% pass ... and the Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network (CCTN), which conducts clinical evaluation of new contraceptives for women and ...

https://www.nichd.nih.gov/about/org/diphr/officebranch/cdp

Small interfering RNA agents. Via RNA interference, they lead to degradation of aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1) mRNA in ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/205220-182861/what-is-the-role-of-medications-in-the-treatment-of-acute-intermittent-porphyria-aip

Contraceptive Agents, Unified Health System, Pregnancy @font-face{font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src: ...

https://bvsalud.org/en/multimedia?filter=descriptor:Contraceptive+Agents+AND+descriptor:Gravidez+AND+descriptor:Sistema+%C3%9Anico+de+Sa%C3%BAde+AND+descriptor:Anticoncepcionais+AND+media_collection_filter:Sa%C3%BAde+em+Movimento+AND+descriptor:Sistema+%C3%9Anico+de+Sa%C3%BAde

New acceptors of oral-contraceptive agents should be started on preparations containing less than 50 mcg of estrogen. ... Oral contraceptives. nonsmoker**. 0.3. 0.5. 0.9. 1.9. 13.8. 31.6. Oral contraceptives. smoker**. 2.2. 3.4. 6.6. 13.5. 51.1. ... Oral contraceptives. nonsmoker**. 0.3. 0.5. 0.9. 1.9. 13.8. 31.6. Oral contraceptives. smoker**. 2.2. 3.4. 6.6. 13.5. 51.1. ... Effectiveness Of Oral Contraceptives Oral contraceptives or "birth-control pills" or "the pill" are used to prevent pregnancy ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=70d5c3f6-c7e4-4a6b-ad4f-2d3b9240c943

... to ovarian cancer may be increased because of low pregnancy rates and reduced exposure to oral contraceptive agents. Low ...

https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0701/p282.html

Contraceptive pills and progestin agents are most commonly used to reduce bleeding and regulate the menstrual cycle. Tranexamic ... and women over 35 years old who smoke should not take certain oral contraceptive therapies. ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/things-to-know-uterine-fibroid-tumors-3522376

Contraceptive Agents [D27.505.696.875.360] * Contraceptive Agents, Female [D27.505.696.875.360.276] * Contraceptive Agents, ... Contraceptive Agents [D27.505.954.705.360] * Contraceptive Agents, Female [D27.505.954.705.360.276] * Contraceptive Agents, ... Contraceptive Contraceptive Effect Contraceptive Effects Contraceptives Registry Number. 0. NLM Classification #. QV 177. ... chemical, not mechanical (= CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES); pregnancy despite use = CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS with no qualifiers, not with / ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003270

... hypoglycemic agents, isoniazid, macrolide antibiotics, oral contraceptives, and phenytoin. ... Antimicrobial Agents. Antimicrobial agents can be active against the vaccine strains in the oral typhoid and cholera vaccines ... QT-Prolonging Agents. Avoid prescribing chloroquine to anyone taking other QT-prolonging agents (e.g., amiodarone, lumefantrine ... Neither agent should be taken within 30 minutes of acetazolamide. Patients taking acetazolamide also can experience decreased ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/interactions-travel-vaccines-drugs

Oral means of emergency contraception, colloquially known as "morning after" pills, are used to prevent unwanted pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or suspected contraceptive failure. (nih.gov)
Levonorgestrel (lee" voe nor jes' trel) is a synthetic progesterone that is used as a single or as two oral doses within 2 days of unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure as a means of emergency contraception. (nih.gov)
Studies have examined the effects of contraception on the metabolisms of women who were previously diagnosed with GDM and found that women using hormonal methods of contraception had a higher risk for type 2 diabetes than did women using nonhormonal contraceptive methods (4). (cdc.gov)
Other extramural Branches-such as the Population Dynamics Branch (PDB) , the Fertility and Infertility (FI) Branch , and the Gynecologic Health and Disease Branch (GHDB) -study different aspects of contraception, but not development or testing of contraceptive agents. (nih.gov)
The panel was charged with assessing the past accomplishments and impact of NICHD's contraceptive research initiatives, the current status of contraception research at and funded by NICHD, and suggestions for future activities and directions in contraception research. (nih.gov)

SYNTHESIS AND TESTING OF MALE CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS NIH GUIDE, Volume 21, Number 4, January 31, 1992 RFP AVAILABLE: NICHD-CD-92-09 P.T. 34 Keywords: Chemical Synthesis Biometry Contraceptives National Institute of Child Health and Human Development The Contraceptive Development Branch of the Center for Population Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, has a requirement for the synthesis and testing of male contraceptive agents. (nih.gov)
The specific objectives of the project are the design, synthesis, and testing of male contraceptive agents that inhibit testicular sperm development, post-testicular sperm maturation, and epididymal function. (nih.gov)

Likewise, Diab and Zaki found that fasting blood glucose was higher among users of oral contraceptives and Depo-Provera (depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, DMPA), a progestogen-only reversible hormonal contraceptive injected every 3 months (9). (cdc.gov)
12. Insulin resistance, secretion, and metabolism in users of oral contraceptives. (nih.gov)

Levonorgestrel is also used alone and in combination with estrogens in conventional oral contraceptives. (nih.gov)
In large prospective studies, levonorgestrel given in a single or as two doses 12 hours apart lowered the rate of unwanted pregnancies by 50% to 90% of the expected rate, and the effect was seen for as long as 48 hours after unprotected intercourse or suspected contraceptive failure. (nih.gov)
Clinical, pharmacological and epidemiological studies on a levonorgestrel implant contraceptive / by Biran Affandi. (who.int)
14. A cross-over study of three oral contraceptives containing ethinyloestradiol and either desogestrel or levonorgestrel. (nih.gov)

The safety and hepatotoxicity of oral contraceptives are discussed separately in LiverTox in sections Estrogens and Oral Contraceptives, and Progesterone and the Progestins. (nih.gov)

The recommended regimen is a total dose of 1.5 mg within 72 hours of the unprotected intercourse or suspected contraceptive failure, given either as a single or split (12 hours apart) oral dose. (nih.gov)
Feeding chickens with oral contraceptive steroids at the dose used by some poultry growers in Egypt has led to the formation of high estrogen residues in the muscles and the liver compared with controls. (who.int)
Oral contraceptive steroids have been used at excessively high doses as growth-promoting agents by some poultry growers in Egypt. (who.int)
Research conducted by Visser et al compared hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptive use by diabetic women and found that high-dose oral contraceptives impaired glucose homeostasis (8). (cdc.gov)
1. Effect of oral contraceptive progestins on serum copper concentration. (nih.gov)
2. Relationships between blood pressure, oral contraceptive use and metabolic risk markers for cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
3. Estrogen and progestin components of oral contraceptives: relationship to vascular disease. (nih.gov)
4. A comparative metabolic study of two low-estrogen-dose oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or gestodene progestins. (nih.gov)
5. Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestagen components. (nih.gov)
6. Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen. (nih.gov)
7. The use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in young women. (nih.gov)
Results from the Transnational Study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women. (nih.gov)
8. Population-based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives. (nih.gov)
9. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolic disease: the findings from database studies in the United Kingdom and Germany. (nih.gov)
10. Low-dose oral contraceptives and acquired resistance to activated protein C: a randomised cross-over study. (nih.gov)
13. Use of oral contraceptives and serum beta-carotene. (nih.gov)
15. Effect of desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives on vascular reactivity and catecholamine levels. (nih.gov)
16. [Influence of progestins on adverse effects of oral contraceptives]. (nih.gov)
17. Oral contraceptive agents. (nih.gov)
18. Modern oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
19. The effects on hemostasis of oral contraceptives containing desogestrel. (nih.gov)
20. The effect of oestrogen dose and progestogen type on haemostatic changes in women taking low dose oral contraceptives. (nih.gov)
Combination oral contraceptives primarily act by suppression of gonadotropins. (nih.gov)
Vulnerability to ovarian cancer may be increased because of low pregnancy rates and reduced exposure to oral contraceptive agents. (aafp.org)
Antimicrobial agents can be active against the vaccine strains in the oral typhoid and cholera vaccines and might prevent adequate immune response to these vaccines. (cdc.gov)
5. Oral contraceptives and cervical neoplasia. (nih.gov)
11. [Possible link between long-term oral contraceptive use and cervical cancer]. (nih.gov)
18. [Oral estro-progestational agents and the uterine cervix]. (nih.gov)
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from combination oral contraceptive use. (nih.gov)
For this reason, combination oral contraceptives, including Tri-Sprintec ® , should not be used by women who are over 35 years of age and smoke. (nih.gov)
Tri-Sprintec ® (norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP) is a combination oral contraceptive containing the progestational compound norgestimate, USP and the estrogenic compound ethinyl estradiol, USP. (nih.gov)
There was no association between heart disease risk and current use of progesterone -only contraceptives, use of non-oral hormonal contraceptive agents or fertility treatment, the study authors noted. (medicinenet.com)
Oral contraceptives are often the initial treatment for hirsutism caused by ovarian hyperandrogenism and idiopathic hirsutism. (medscape.com)
Oral contraceptives also help enhance antihirsutism effects and prevent adverse effects of menstrual irregularity caused by spironolactone and other antiandrogen therapy. (medscape.com)
For androgen-excess syndromes, such as PCOS, the following medications are used, often in combination with oral contraceptives. (medscape.com)
For late-onset CAH and PCOS, oral contraceptives and spironolactone are used. (medscape.com)
Women with PCOS also often receive oral contraceptives and/or spironolactone. (medscape.com)
But, for people who have typical 'hormonal acne,' which is located mostly on the chin and lower cheeks-we refer to this as the beard distribution-I do prefer specific topical and oral prescription agents that are different than what I use for other forms of acne. (newbeauty.com)
Equally important is to remove any offending agents like certain oral contraceptives, hormonal IUDs and dietary triggers like whey protein, which can worsen or even outright cause hormonal acne. (newbeauty.com)

This technology is a potential non-hormonal contraceptive using cyclic peptides to prevent spermatogenesis or the process of generating sperm within the male reproductive organs. (nih.gov)
Of the 2,741 women who completed the 2007-2008 PRAMS survey, 8.3% were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and 17.9% of the respondents had used hormonal contraceptive methods. (cdc.gov)
However, little is known about hormonal contraceptive use and its role in the development of gestational diabetes (GDM). (cdc.gov)
Nevertheless, no studies have investigated the effects of hormonal contraceptive use before pregnancy and the risk for GDM. (cdc.gov)
6. [Results of cytological and histological studies on the uterine cervix after long-term intake of hormonal contraceptive agents]. (nih.gov)

Delaware Contraceptive Access Now and Contraceptive Initiation Among Medicaid Enrollees, 2015‒2020. (illumina.com)

The purpose of this study is to assess the formation of residues in the muscle and liver of chickens of contraceptive steroids applied orally at the same dose used by poultry growers and the resultant level of estrogen in chickens. (who.int)
Live attenuated vaccines generally should be avoided in immunocompromised travelers, including those taking antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, cytotoxic agents, immunomodulators, and high-dose steroids (see Table 3-04 ). (cdc.gov)
These are actually absolutely nothing to perform along with anabolic steroids (made use of unlawfully through some physical body home builders as well as additionally expert sportsmens) in addition to women hormone representatives (like those made use of in the contraceptive pill as well as hormonal agent substitute treatment). (lunguk.org)

Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants, manual for clinicians. (who.int)
Norplant : contraceptive subdermal implants : guide to effective counseling. (who.int)

Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use, including subdermal hormonal implants and intrauterine devices (IUDs), has been increasing for almost 2 decades, from 1.5-2.5% of U.S. women of childbearing age in the early 2000s 1,2 to 10.3-14.3% between 2009 and 2015. (health.mil)

Immunotoxin that consists of humanized monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody TRASTUZUMAB covalently linked to anti- microtubule agent MAYTANSINOID DM1 for treatment of metastatic breast cancer in patients who previously received trastuzumab and a TAXANES, separately or in combination. (nih.gov)
A possible mechanism of action of danazol and an ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel combination used as postcoital contraceptive agents. (arhp.org)

The Family Planning Association approved list of contraceptives : based on available data on efficacy and acceptability. (who.int)

as one illustration, NHS3 bisexuals were more than twice as likely to use LARCs (aRR [95% CI]: 2.01 [1.67, 2.42]).While certain sexual minority subgroups (e.g., bisexuals) were more likely than heterosexuals to use contraceptive methods such as LARCs, lesbians were less likely to use any method.Many sexual minority patients need contraceptive counseling and providers should ensure to offer this counseling to patients in need, regardless of sexual orientation. (nih.gov)

Choice and challenge : global teamwork in developing a contraceptive implant. (who.int)
In general, among service women who began using LARC (an IUD or a contraceptive implant), incidence rates of STIs did not increase from the year before to the year after insertion. (health.mil)

21 argued that most, if not all, of the contraceptive effect of both combined and progestin-only ECPs can be explained by inhibited or dysfunctional ovulation. (arhp.org)

Over the years, concerns have been raised about the possible association between hormonal contraceptives and various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and metabolic dysfunction. (cdc.gov)

We used log-binomial models to estimate contraceptive methods ever used across sexual orientation groups and cohorts, adjusting for age and race.Lesbians were the least likely of all sexual orientation groups to use any contraceptive method. (nih.gov)
95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10 [0.04, 0.26]) and results were similar for other contraceptive methods and in the NHS3 cohort. (nih.gov)
For some time, the CRB has focused on supporting and conducting research in contraceptive discovery and development, including dual-use methods that prevent both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) . (nih.gov)
Effect of post-coital contraceptive methods on the endometrium and the menstrual cycle. (arhp.org)

Branch projects include studies to understand and treat gynecological problems, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and heavy menstrual bleeding, including using contraceptive agents in these treatments. (nih.gov)

Le fait de nourrir des poulets avec des stéroïdes contraceptifs oraux à la dose utilisée par certains éleveurs de volailles en Egypte a entraîné la formation d'importants résidus d'oestrogènes dans les muscles et le foie par rapport à ceux des poulets témoins. (who.int)
The animals in Group A were given contraceptive pills at the same dose used by poultry growers in Egypt (four strips of Anovlar/100 kg diet) for four weeks. (who.int)
The experimental birds in Group C received contraceptive pills and DMBA at the same dose levels for the same period. (who.int)

The shortage has now hit pharmacies, with most pharmacies having completely run out of most forms of contraceptives, particularly birth control pills. (breitbart.com)

however, whether a relationship exists between hormonal contraceptives and gestational diabetes (GDM) is undetermined. (cdc.gov)

The NICHD seeks licensees and/or research co-development partners for the development of cyclic peptides or peptidomimetic molecules as potential non-hormonal contraceptives for males. (nih.gov)

The use of compounds exhibiting sex hormone-like activities as anabolic agents was introduced into agricultural practice about 35 years ago. (who.int)

Contraceptive use by women across different sexual orientation groups. (nih.gov)
These efforts include studies of the determinants and consequences of contraceptive use in men and women, and basic and interventional research on the sexual transmission of HIV and other STDs. (nih.gov)

If PCOS primarily is considered to be a metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance, perhaps first-line treatment should be with an insulin-sensitizing agent such as metformin. (medscape.com)

Insulin-sensitizing agents appear to improve symptoms of hirsutism. (medscape.com)

64367] In rare cases, when another antihypertensive agent cannot be used to treat a pregnant patient, serial ultrasound examinations should be performed to assess the intraamniotic environment. (pdr.net)

Democrats are inserting the right to chemical abortions into legislation that claims to protect contraceptives in the latest push to codify abortion across the country after the reversal of Roe v. Wade. (breitbart.com)

The compounds inhibit Na, K-ATPase ?4 and are useful as contraceptive agents. (justia.com)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal risk for GDM was influenced by type of contraceptive method used before pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
however, much of the research is still unable to reach consensus on the long-term effects of contraceptives and an increased risk for GDM. (cdc.gov)

Non-specific antimetabolites, antimitotic agents, N- Substituted diamines (such as WIN. (nih.gov)

Comparative study between a female population using contraceptives]. (nih.gov)

C. Drugs, chemical agents, and toxins g. (nih.gov)
Family medical history, genetics, weight, high blood pressure and cholesterol levels , and chemical imbalances from use of hormonal contraceptives are among the possible explanations for these associations, according to study author Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, a senior clinical lecturer at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, and colleagues. (medicinenet.com)

Findings suggest there may be a relationship between type of contraceptive method and GDM. (cdc.gov)
When used growth in a 14 year-period (1998-2002) was 49% that is alone, spermicides provide some contraceptive protection, equivalent to an increase of approximately 11.3 million but are best when used with a barrier method to prevent persons (14). (who.int)
We found less-consistent evidence for changes to any contraceptive method. (illumina.com)

Data from PRAMS can be used to determine whether a relationship exists between a woman's contraceptive use before pregnancy and the development of GDM. (cdc.gov)
PDB funds research on demographic, social, and behavioral aspects of sexual behaviors and their relationship to contraceptive use and non-use in both domestic and international populations. (nih.gov)

Il existe aujourd'hui plusieurs hormones et agents de type hormonal qui peuvent améliorer le taux de croissance des animaux d'élevage ainsi que l'efficacité de l'apport alimentaire pour ces animaux. (who.int)

Current research is focused mainly on hormonal male contraceptives. (nih.gov)
Emails from the account of Hillary Clinton's current campaign manager John Podesta, courtesy of WikiLeaks, show that in November of 2015, The Hill columnist and former Democrat aide Brent Budowsky urged Podesta to have Hillary Clinton "level a political nuclear blast" against a Supreme Court decision that would end the HHS contraceptive mandate in Obamacare. (breitbart.com)

There are now several hormone and hormone-like agents that can improve the rate of growth and efficiency of feed use of farm animals. (who.int)

A "contraceptive app," which became certified in the European Union as a "form of birth control," has been blamed following 37 unwanted pregnancies. (breitbart.com)

Of those who had never used spermicides, 84 (30%) said because they used other contraceptive means, 50 (17.8%) said they are expensive, 29 (10.3%) attributed this to unavailability of the products, 3(1.1%) to fear of "contracting" cancer and 13(4.6%) to the unreliability. (who.int)

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes11

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Named Groups1

Health Care8

Pregnancies averted among U.S. teenagers by the use of contraceptives. (1/208)

Use of long-acting depot progestogen in domililiary family planning. (2/208)

Synergistic role of nitric oxide and progesterone during the establishment of pregnancy in the rat. (3/208)

Contraceptive failure rates: new estimates from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. (4/208)

Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. (5/208)

Serum sialic acid in a random sample of the general population. (6/208)

Safety and efficacy of fertility-regulating methods: a decade of research. (7/208)

Dynamics of contraceptive use in a rural community of Haryana. (8/208)

Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic

Mestranol

Contraceptives, Oral

Norgestrel

Contraceptive Agents

Contraceptives, Oral, Combined

Norethindrone

Ethynodiol Diacetate

Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents

Ethinyl Estradiol

Lynestrenol

Contraceptive Agents, Female

Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination

Xanthurenates

Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal

Spermatocidal Agents

Contraceptive Agents, Male

Contraceptive Devices

Contraception

Pyridoxine

Menstruation

Contraceptive Devices, Female

Contraception Behavior

Riboflavin

Nutrition Disorders

Intrauterine Devices

Family Planning Services

Copper

Desogestrel

Levonorgestrel

Contraceptives, Postcoital

Zinc

Vaccines, Contraceptive

Pregnancy, Unplanned

Sterilization, Reproductive

Pregnancy, Unwanted

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Contraception, Postcoital

Intrauterine Devices, Copper

Norethynodrel

Pregnancy

Abortion, Induced

Contraception, Immunologic

Norpregnenes

Progestins

Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential

Contraceptives, Postcoital, Hormonal

Sterilization, Tubal

Androstenes

Menstrual Cycle

Progesterone Congeners

Parity

Intrauterine Devices, Medicated

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Contraceptive Devices, Male

Pregnancy in Adolescence

Menstruation Disturbances

Megestrol

Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic

Drug Implants

Sex Education

Ovulation Inhibition

Medroxyprogesterone

Fertility

Condoms

Sexual Behavior

Norpregnadienes

Transdermal Patch

Ethisterone

Uterine Hemorrhage

Estradiol Congeners

Metrorrhagia

Risk Factors

Estrogens

Nonoxynol

Coitus

Abortion Applicants

Abortion, Legal

Reproductive Health Services

Age Factors